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Jung N, Park J, Park SH, Oh S, Kim S, Cho SW, Kim JE, Moon HS, Park YB. Improving Bone Formation by Guided Bone Regeneration Using a Collagen Membrane with rhBMP-2: A Novel Concept. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030170. [PMID: 36976094 PMCID: PMC10056333 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined whether recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) when applied to collagen membranes, would reinforce them during guided bone regeneration. Four critical cranial bone defects were created and treated in 30 New Zealand white rabbits, including a control group, critical defect only; group 1, collagen membrane only; group 2, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) only; group 3, collagen membrane + BCP; group 4, collagen membrane with rhBMP-2 (1.0 mg/mL); group 5, collagen membrane with rhBMP-2 (0.5 mg/mL); group 6, collagen membrane with rhBMP-2 (1.0 mg/mL) + BCP; and group 7, collagen membrane with rhBMP-2 (0.5 mg/mL) + BCP. After a 2-, 4-, or 8-week healing period, the animals were sacrificed. The combination of collagen membranes with rhBMP-2 and BCP yielded significantly higher bone formation rates compared to the other groups (control group and groups 1-5 < groups 6 and 7; p < 0.05). A 2-week healing period yielded significantly lower bone formation than that at 4 and 8 weeks (2 < 4 = 8 weeks; p < 0.05). This study proposes a novel GBR concept in which rhBMP-2 is applied to collagen membranes outside instead of inside the grafted area, thereby inducing quantitatively and qualitatively enhanced bone regeneration in critical bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narae Jung
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Osong Research Institute, TaeWoong Medical Co., Ltd., 55-7 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghan Oh
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute of Biomaterials & Implant, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Cho
- Division of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Seok Moon
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bum Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Could BMPs Therapy Be Improved if BMPs Were Used in Composition Acting during Bone Formation in Endochondral Ossification? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810327. [PMID: 36142232 PMCID: PMC9499665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) inspired hope for the successful treatment of bone disorders, but side effects worsening the clinical effects were eventually observed. BMPs exert a synergistic effect, stimulating osteogenesis; however, predicting the best composition of growth factors for use in humans is difficult. Chondrocytes present within the growth plate produce growth factors stored in calcified cartilage adhering to metaphysis. These factors stimulate initial bone formation in metaphysis. We have previously determined the growth factors present in bovine calcified cartilage and produced by rat epiphyseal chondrocytes. The results suggest that growth factors stimulating physiological ossification are species dependent. The collection of human calcified cartilage for growth factors determination does not appear feasible, but chondrocytes for mRNA determination could be obtained. Their collection from young recipients, in view of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges Recommendation, would be ethical. The authors of this review do not have facilities to conduct such a study and can only appeal to competent institutions to undertake the task. The results could help to formulate a better recipe for the stimulation of bone formation and improve clinical results.
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Kabir MA, Hirakawa A, Zhu B, Yokozeki K, Shakya M, Huang B, Akazawa T, Todoh M, Murata M. Mechanical Properties of Human Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF) Membrane and the CGF Graft with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) onto Periosteum of the Skull of Nude Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11331. [PMID: 34768759 PMCID: PMC8582862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Concentrated growth factor (CGF) is 100% blood-derived, cross-linked fibrin glue with platelets and growth factors. Human CGF clot is transformed into membrane by a compression device, which has been widely used clinically. However, the mechanical properties of the CGF membranes have not been well characterized. The aims of this study were to measure the tensile strength of human CGF membrane and observe its behavior as a scaffold of BMP-2 in ectopic site over the skull. The tensile test of the full length was performed at the speed of 2mm/min. The CGF membrane (5 × 5 × 2 mm3) or the CGF/BMP-2 (1.0 μg) membrane was grafted onto the skull periosteum of nude mice (5-week-old, male), and harvested at 14 days after the graft. The appearance and size of the CGF membranes were almost same for 7 days by soaking at 4 °C in saline. The average values of the tensile strength at 0 day and 7 days were 0.24 MPa and 0.26 MPa, respectively. No significant differences of both the tensile strength and the elastic modulus were found among 0, 1, 3, and 7 days. Supra-periosteal bone induction was found at 14 days in the CGF/BMP-2, while the CGF alone did not induce bone. These results demonstrated that human CGF membrane could become a short-term, sticky fibrin scaffold for BMP-2, and might be preserved as auto-membranes for wound protection after the surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Arafat Kabir
- Division of Oral Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 061-0293, Japan; (M.A.K.); (B.Z.); (K.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Akihiro Hirakawa
- Biomechanical Design Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan; (A.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Bowen Zhu
- Division of Oral Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 061-0293, Japan; (M.A.K.); (B.Z.); (K.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Kenji Yokozeki
- Division of Oral Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 061-0293, Japan; (M.A.K.); (B.Z.); (K.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Mamata Shakya
- Division of Oral Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 061-0293, Japan; (M.A.K.); (B.Z.); (K.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Bingzhen Huang
- Corefront Corporation, 2-11 Ichitanihonmura-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0845, Japan;
| | - Toshiyuki Akazawa
- Industrial Technology and Environment Research Development, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kita 19-jo Nishi 11-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Todoh
- Biomechanical Design Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan; (A.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Masaru Murata
- Division of Oral Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 061-0293, Japan; (M.A.K.); (B.Z.); (K.Y.); (M.S.)
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Human Fresh Fibrin Membrane with Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2) Induces Bone Formation in the Subcutaneous Tissues of Nude Mice. MATERIALS 2020; 14:ma14010150. [PMID: 33396335 PMCID: PMC7796051 DOI: 10.3390/ma14010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autologous blood-derived fibrin glue with platelets, called the concentrated growth factor (CGF), can be prepared immediately by only the decided centrifuge without the addition of coagulation factors. Collagen materials combined with recombinant human BMP-2 have been commercially available for clinical use. The fresh CGF is auto-clot with wettability and elasticity, while most collagen membranes are derived from the cow or pig. The fresh CGF has wettability and elasticity, while collagen membranes are dry materials without elasticity. The aim of this study was to observe the microstructures of human CGF membrane and evaluate its behavior as a delivery scaffold of rhBMP-2 in the subcutaneous tissues of nude mice. Twenty-four nude mice (5-week-old, male) were used for the assessment of in vivo ectopic bone formation. Mice were received the CGF membrane as the controls and the CGF/rhBMP-2 membrane as the experimental group in the subcutaneous tissues, and harvested at 7, 10, and 14 days after the graft. Harvested samples were evaluated for the histological examination and the histomorphometric measurement was conducted to compare the residue of the CGF, as well as the new bone. Mature fibrin fibers assembled from multiple fibrillary elements and platelets with the rhBMP-2 membrane induced several bony islands and cartilage without residues of CGF at 14 days, while the CGF membrane alone was almost absorbed at 10 days and failed to induce bone formation at 14 days. These results demonstrated that the fresh, human CGF membrane could contribute to a short-term, sticky fibrin matrix for the delivery of rhBMP-2.
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Rosenberg M, Shilo D, Galperin L, Capucha T, Tarabieh K, Rachmiel A, Segal E. Bone Morphogenic Protein 2-Loaded Porous Silicon Carriers for Osteoinductive Implants. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E602. [PMID: 31726775 PMCID: PMC6920899 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are probably the most important growth factors in bone formation and healing. However, the utilization of BMPs in clinical applications is mainly limited due to the protein poor solubility at physiological pH, rapid clearance and relatively short biological half-life. Herein, we develop degradable porous silicon (PSi)-based carriers for sustained delivery of BMP-2. Two different loading approaches are examined, physical adsorption and covalent conjugation, and their effect on the protein loading and release rate is thoroughly studied. The entrapment of the protein within the PSi nanostructures preserved its bioactivity for inducing osteogenic differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stems cells (BM-MSCs). BM-MSCs cultured with the BMP-2 loaded PSi carriers exhibit a relatively high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. We also demonstrate that exposure of MSCs to empty PSi (no protein) carriers generates some extent of differentiation due to the ability of the carrier's degradation products to induce osteoblast differentiation. Finally, we demonstrate the integration of these promising BMP-2 carriers within a 3D-printed patient-specific implant, constructed of poly(caprolactone) (PCL), as a potential bone graft for critical size bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Rosenberg
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (M.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Dekel Shilo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (D.S.); (T.C.); (K.T.); (A.R.)
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Leonid Galperin
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (M.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Tal Capucha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (D.S.); (T.C.); (K.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Karim Tarabieh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (D.S.); (T.C.); (K.T.); (A.R.)
| | - Adi Rachmiel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; (D.S.); (T.C.); (K.T.); (A.R.)
- Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel; (M.R.); (L.G.)
- Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Lang A, Kirchner M, Stefanowski J, Durst M, Weber MC, Pfeiffenberger M, Damerau A, Hauser AE, Hoff P, Duda GN, Buttgereit F, Schmidt-Bleek K, Gaber T. Collagen I-based scaffolds negatively impact fracture healing in a mouse-osteotomy-model although used routinely in research and clinical application. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:171-184. [PMID: 30616076 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although several biomaterials for bone regeneration have been developed in the last decades, clinical application of bone morphogenetic protein 2 is clinically only approved when applied on an absorbable bovine collagen I scaffold (ACS) (Helistat; ACS-H). In research, another ACS, namely Lyostypt (ACS-L) is frequently used as a scaffold in bone-linked studies. Nevertheless, until today, the influence of ACS alone on bone healing remains unknown. Unexpectedly, in vitro studies using ASC-H revealed a suppression of osteogenic differentiation and a significant reduction of cell vitality when compared to ASC-L. In mice, we observed a significant delay in bone healing when applying ACS-L in the fracture gap during femoral osteotomy. The results of our study show for the first time a negative influence of both ACS-H and ACS-L on bone formation demonstrating a substantial need for more sophisticated delivery systems for local stimulation of bone healing in both clinical application and research. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our study provides evidence-based justification to promote the development and approval of more suitable and sophisticated delivery systems in bone healing research. Additionally, we stimulate researchers of the field to consider that the application of those scaffolds as a delivery system for new substances represents a delayed healing approach rather than a normal bone healing which could greatly impact the outcome of those studies and play a pivotal role in the translation to the clinics. Moreover, we provide impulses on underlying mechanism involving the roles of small-leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRP) for further detailed investigations.
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Hu T, Naidu M, Yang Z, Lam WM, Kumarsing RA, Ren X, Ng F, Wang M, Liu L, Tan KC, Kwok KT, Goodman SB, Goh JCH, Wong HK. Bone Regeneration by Controlled Release of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2: A Rabbit Spinal Fusion Chamber Molecular Study. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1356-1368. [PMID: 30727849 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) has been widely used in spine fusion surgery. However, high doses of rhBMP-2 delivered with absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) have led to inflammation-related adverse conditions. Polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) control release carrier can substantially reduce the rhBMP-2 dose and complication without compromising fusion. The molecular events underlying controlled release and their effects on spinal fusion remain unknown. In this study, a rabbit interbody spinal fusion chamber was designed to provide a controlled environment for profiling molecular events during the fusion process. Study groups included Group 1, PEC with 100 μg rhBMP-2; Group 2, ACS with 100 μg rhBMP-2; Group 3, ACS with 300 μg rhBMP-2; Group 4, autologous bone graft; and Group 5, empty chamber. Manual palpation, microcomputed tomography, and histological analysis showed that Group 1 and 3 achieved bone fusion, while the other groups showed no signs of fusion. Gene expression profiling showed robust induction of osteogenic markers in Groups 1 and 3, with modulated early induction of inflammatory genes in the PEC group. Delivery of 100 μg rhBMP-2 with ACS (Group 2) resulted in less upregulation of osteogenic genes, increased inflammatory genes expression, and upregulation of osteoclastic genes compared to Group 1. These results suggest that the manner of BMP-2 release at the interbody spinal defect site could dictate the balance of in-situ osteogenic and antiosteogenic activities, affecting fusion outcomes. The molecular evidence supports PEC for sustained release of BMP-2 for spinal interbody fusion, and the feasibility of employing this novel interbody spinal fusion chamber for future molecular studies. Impact Statement A radiolucent rabbit interbody spinal fusion chamber was developed to study the molecular events during spinal fusion process. The gene expression profile suggests that control release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) resulted in lower inflammatory and osteoclastic activities, but elicited higher osteogenic activities, while burst release of BMP-2 resulted in predominantly inflammation and osteoclastogenesis with minimum osteogenic activity. This study provides the molecular evidence that underscores the regeneration outcomes from the two different BMP-2 delivery systems. This spinal fusion chamber could be used for future molecular studies to optimize carrier design for spinal fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mathanapriya Naidu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wing Moon Lam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramruttun Amit Kumarsing
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiafei Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Felly Ng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kim Cheng Tan
- School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kai Thong Kwok
- School of Engineering, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California
| | - James Cho-Hong Goh
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hee-Kit Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Tissue Engineering Program (NUSTEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Um IW, Kim YK, Jun SH, Kim MY, Cui N. Demineralized Dentin Matrix as a Carrier of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: in Vivo Study. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2018. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.27.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-Kyun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Section of Dentistry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital
| | - Sang-Ho Jun
- Department of Dentistry, Korea University Anam Hospital
| | - Moon-Young Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University
| | - Nianhui Cui
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School & Hospital of Stomatology
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Olthof MGL, Kempen DHR, Liu X, Dadsetan M, Tryfonidou MA, Yaszemski MJ, Dhert WJA, Lu L. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 release profile modulates bone formation in phosphorylated hydrogel. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1339-1351. [PMID: 29603878 DOI: 10.1002/term.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The optimal release profile of locally delivered bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) for safe and effective clinical application is unknown. In this work, the effect of differential BMP-2 release on bone formation was investigated using a novel biomaterial oligo[(polyethylene glycol) fumarate] bis[2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] phosphate hydrogel (OPF-BP) containing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres. Three composite implants with the same biomaterial chemistry and structure but different BMP-loading methods were created: BMP-2 encapsulated in microspheres (OPF-BP-Msp), BMP-2 encapsulated in microspheres and adsorbed on the phosphorylated hydrogel (OPF-BP-Cmb), and BMP-2 adsorbed on the phosphorylated hydrogel (OPF-BP-Ads). These composites were compared with the clinically used BMP-2 carrier, Infuse® absorbable collagen sponge (ACS). Differential release profiles of bioactive BMP-2 were achieved by these composites. In a rat subcutaneous implantation model, OPF-BP-Ads and ACS generated a large BMP-2 burst release (>75%), whereas a more sustained release was seen for OPF-BP-Msp and OPF-BP-Cmb (~25% and 50% burst, respectively). OPF-BP-Ads generated significantly more bone than did all other composites, and the bone formation was 12-fold higher than that of the clinically used ACS. Overall, this study clearly shows that BMP-2 burst release generates more subcutaneous bone than do sustained release in OPF-BP-microsphere composites. Furthermore, composites should not only function as a delivery vehicle but also provide a proper framework to achieve appropriate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurits G L Olthof
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik H R Kempen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mahrokh Dadsetan
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Michael J Yaszemski
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Wouter J A Dhert
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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10
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Formulation, Delivery and Stability of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for Effective Bone Regeneration. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1152-1170. [PMID: 28342056 PMCID: PMC5418324 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are responsible for bone formation during embryogenesis and bone regeneration and remodeling. The osteoinductive action of BMPs, especially BMP-2 and BMP-7, has led to their use in a range of insurmountable treatments where intervention is required for effective bone regeneration. Introduction of BMP products to the market, however, was not without reports of multiple complications and side effects. Aiming for optimization of the therapeutic efficacy and safety, efforts have been focused on improving the delivery of BMPs to lower the administered dose, localize the protein, and prolong its retention time at the site of action. A major challenge with these efforts is that the protein stability should be maintained. With this review we attempt to shed light on how the stability of BMPs can be affected in the formulation and delivery processes. We first provide a short overview of the current standing of the complications experienced with BMP products. We then discuss the different delivery parameters studied in association with BMPs, and their influence on the efficacy and safety of BMP treatments. In particular, the literature addressing the stability of BMPs and their possible interactions with components of the delivery system as well as their sensitivity to conditions of the formulation process is reviewed. In summary, recent developments in the fields of bioengineering and biopharmaceuticals suggest that a good understanding of the relationship between the formulation/delivery conditions and the stability of growth factors such as BMPs is a prerequisite for a safe and effective treatment.
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11
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Badhiwala JH, Fehlings MG. Use of OP-1 (rhBMP-7) in posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY 2017; 2:338-344. [PMID: 28097254 DOI: 10.21037/jss.2016.12.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jetan H Badhiwala
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spinal Program, Department of Surgery, Krembil Neuroscience Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery and Spinal Program, Department of Surgery, Krembil Neuroscience Center, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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High-purity magnesium interference screws promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction rabbit model via accumulation of BMP-2 and VEGF. Biomaterials 2015; 81:14-26. [PMID: 26713681 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Interference screw in the fixation of autologous tendon graft to the bone tunnel is widely accepted for the reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), but the regeneration of fibrocartilaginous entheses could hardly be achieved with the traditional interference screw. In the present work, biodegradable high-purity magnesium (HP Mg) showed good cytocompatibility and promoted the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibrocartilage markers (Aggrecan, COL2A1 and SOX-9), and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production in vitro. The HP Mg screw was applied to fix the semitendinosus autograft to the femoral tunnel in a rabbit model of ACL reconstruction with titanium (Ti) screw as the control. The femur-tendon graft-tibia complex was retrieved at 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks. Gross observation and range of motion (ROM) of the animal model reached normal levels at 12 weeks. No sign of host reaction was found in the X-ray scanning. The HP Mg group was comparable to the Ti group with respect to biomechanical properties of the reconstructed ACL, and the ultimate load to failure and stiffness increased 12 weeks after surgery. In the histological analysis, the HP Mg group formed distinct fibrocartilage transition zones at the tendon-bone interface 12 weeks after surgery, whereas a disorganized fibrocartilage layer was found in the Ti group. In the immunohistochemical analysis, highly positive staining of BMP-2, VEGF and the specific receptor for BMP-2 (BMPR1A) was shown at the tendon-bone interface of the HP Mg group compared with the Ti group. Furthermore, the HP Mg group had significantly higher expression of BMP-2 and VEGF than the Ti group in the early phase of tendon-bone healing, followed by enhanced expression of fibrocartilage markers and GAG production. Therefore we proposed that the stimulation of BMP-2 and VEGF by Mg ions was responsible for the fibrochondrogenesis of Mg materials. HP Mg was promising as a biodegradable interference screw with the potential to promote fibrocartilaginous entheses regeneration in ACL reconstruction.
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Bliley JM, Sivak WN, Minteer DM, Tompkins-Rhoades C, Day J, Williamson G, Liao HT, Marra KG. Ethylene Oxide Sterilization Preserves Bioactivity and Attenuates Burst Release of Encapsulated Glial Cell Line Derived Neurotrophic Factor from Tissue Engineered Nerve Guides For Long Gap Peripheral Nerve Repair. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 1:504-512. [DOI: 10.1021/ab5001518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - H. T. Liao
- Division
of Trauma Plastic Surgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive
Surgery, Craniofacial Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - K. G. Marra
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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14
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Lauzon MA, Marcos B, Faucheux N. Effect of initial pBMP-9 loading and collagen concentration on the kinetics of peptide release and a mathematical model of the delivery system. J Control Release 2014; 182:73-82. [PMID: 24637465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Type I collagen is one of the most widely used materials for drug delivery in tissue repair. It is the reference carrier for delivering growth factors like bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs such as BMP-2 and BMP-7) for bone repair. Since BMPs are expensive to produce, we have developed a peptide derived from BMP-9 (pBMP-9) that is 300 times less expensive than the entire protein while still promoting osteogenic differentiation. We have now evaluated the effects of the collagen concentration and the initial pBMP-9 load on peptide release. We then developed a model of pBMP-9 release kinetics by finite differences using a system based on Fick's second law in which the interactions between the peptide and collagen fibers are assumed to follow Langmuir adsorption kinetics. The Langmuir isotherms suggest that the structure of the collagen gel influences the strength of its electrostatic interaction with the peptide, since increasing the collagen concentration decreased the affinity of pBMP-9 for the collagen. The resulting model of the mechanism accurately reflects the experimental data and the parameters estimated indicate that the diffusivities with the different collagen concentrations are similar, whereas the mass transfer coefficient increases with the collagen concentration. The results also indicate that perfect sink conditions cannot be assumed and suggest the presence of an optimal collagen concentration. Finally, we have correlated our conclusions with the differences in collagen fiber organization observed by transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Bernard Marcos
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada; Canada Research Chair in Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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Fabbrizi MR, Duff T, Oliver J, Wilde C. Advanced in vitro systems for efficacy and toxicity testing in nanomedicine. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/ejnm-2014-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Ko EC, Fujihara Y, Ogasawara T, Asawa Y, Nishizawa S, Nagata S, Takato T, Hoshi K. BMP-2 Embedded Atelocollagen Scaffold for Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Cultured in the Medium Containing Insulin and Triiodothyronine—A New Protocol for Three-Dimensional In Vitro Culture of Human Chondrocytes. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:374-86. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Chengchuan Ko
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Dentistry, Collge of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuko Fujihara
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ogasawara
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Asawa
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nishizawa
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Nagata Microtia and Reconstructive Plastic Surgery Clinic, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takato
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Sensory and Motor System Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuto Hoshi
- Departments of Cartilage and Bone Regeneration (Fujisoft), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Guziewicz N, Best A, Perez-Ramirez B, Kaplan DL. Lyophilized silk fibroin hydrogels for the sustained local delivery of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Biomaterials 2011; 32:2642-50. [PMID: 21216004 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustained delivery systems compatible with protein therapeutics continues to be a significant unmet need. A lyophilized silk fibroin hydrogel matrix (lyogel) for the sustained release of pharmaceutically relevant monoclonal antibodies is described. Sonication of silk fibroin prior to antibody incorporation avoids exposing the antibody to the sol-gel transition inducing shear stress. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis showed no change in silk structural composition between hydrogel and lyogel or with increasing silk fibroin concentration. Antibody release from hydrogels occurred rapidly over 10 days regardless of silk concentration. Upon lyophilization, sustained antibody release was observed over 38 days from lyogels containing 6.2% (w/w) silk fibroin and above. In 3.2% (w/w) silk lyogels, antibody release was comparable to hydrogels. Swelling properties of lyogels followed a similar threshold behavior. Lyogels at 3.2% (w/w) silk recovered approximately 90% of their fluid mass upon rehydration, while approximately 50% fluid recovery was observed at 6.2% (w/w) silk and above. Antibody release was primarily governed by hydrophobic/hydrophilic silk-antibody interactions and secondarily altered by the hydration resistance of the lyogel. Hydration resistance was controlled by altering β-sheet (crystalline) density of the matrix. The antibody released from lyogels maintained biological activity. Silk lyogels offer an advantage as a delivery matrix over other hydrogel materials for the slow release of the loaded protein, making lyogels suitable for long-term sustained release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Guziewicz
- BioFormulations Development, Genzyme Corporation, 1 Mountain Road, P.O. Box 9322, Framingham, MA 01701-9322, USA
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18
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) can induce the formation of new bone in numerous orthopedic and dental applications in which loss of bone is the main issue. The combination of BMP with a biomaterial that can carry and deliver proteins has been demonstrated to maximize the therapeutic effects of BMPs. However, no ideal candidate with optimal characteristics as a carrier has emerged for clinical use of BMPs. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a potential BMP carrier with its osteoconductive properties and desirable characteristics as a bone graft biomaterial. In this study, 3 different methods to load BMP into HA materials were characterized and compared based on the BMP uptake and release profile. BMP was loaded into HA in 3 ways: (1) incorporation of BMP during HA precipitation, (2) HA immersion in BMP solution, and (3) BMP incorporation during dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) conversion to HA. The size of HA crystals decreased when BMP was loaded during HA precipitation and HA immersion in BMP solution; however, it did not change when BMP was loaded during DCPD-to-HA conversion. The highest BMP uptake was achieved using the immersion method followed by HA precipitation, and the lowest via DCPD conversion. It is interesting to note that BMP loading during HA precipitation resulted in sustained and prolonged BMP release compared with the 2 other BMP loading methods. In conclusion, BMP incorporation during HA precipitation revealed itself to be the best loading method.
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19
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Rose FRAJ, Hou Q, Oreffo ROC. Delivery systems for bone growth factors — the new players in skeletal regeneration. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 56:415-27. [PMID: 15099436 DOI: 10.1211/0022357023312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Given the challenge of an increasing elderly population, the ability to repair and regenerate traumatised or lost tissue is a major clinical and socio-economic need. Pivotal in this process will be the ability to deliver appropriate growth factors in the repair cascade in a temporal and tightly regulated sequence using appropriately designed matrices and release technologies within a tissue engineering strategy. This review outlines the current concepts and challenges in growth factor delivery for skeletal regeneration and the potential of novel delivery matrices and biotechnologies to influence the healthcare of an increasing ageing population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity R A J Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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20
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Luca L, Capelle MAH, Machaidze G, Arvinte T, Jordan O, Gurny R. Physical instability, aggregation and conformational changes of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). Int J Pharm 2010; 391:48-54. [PMID: 20156542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2010.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of two different pH values on the physical stability of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in aqueous solution was evaluated in the present work. RhBMP-2 in solution at pH 4.5 or 6.5 was characterized by intrinsic and extrinsic (Nile Red and 1,8-ANS) fluorescence spectroscopy, 90 degrees light-scattering and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared to the pH 4.5 solution, rhBMP-2 at pH 6.5 had (i) a stronger intrinsic fluorescence intensity, (ii) a longer fluorescence lifetime, (iii) a stronger 90 degrees light-scattering intensity, (iv) a stronger Nile Red fluorescence intensity, (v) a higher Nile Red fluorescence anisotropy, (vi) a lower 1,8-ANS fluorescence intensity, (vii) a higher 1,8-ANS fluorescence anisotropy and (viii) a longer 1,8-ANS fluorescence lifetime. Electron microscopy showed that rhBMP-2 at pH 4.5 contained aggregates of about 100 nm in diameter. More and larger protein aggregates (0.1-2 microm) were observed in solution at pH 6.5. Taken together, these results indicate conformational changes and increased aggregation of rhBMP-2 at pH 6.5 compared to pH 4.5, demonstrating a strong influence of pH on rhBMP-2 physical stability. These observations must be considered when developing a delivery system for rhBMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Luca
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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21
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Zeugolis D, Paul R, Attenburrow G. The influence of a natural cross-linking agent (Myrica rubra) on the properties of extruded collagen fibres for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2009.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Blokhuis TJ. Formulations and delivery vehicles for bone morphogenetic proteins: latest advances and future directions. Injury 2009; 40 Suppl 3:S8-11. [PMID: 20082796 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(09)70004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors are essential components of the diamond concept model. The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are the most potent and promising growth factors and their clinical efficacy is well demonstrated for specific indications. Application of BMPs involves a carrier material to enhance local residual time and pharmacokinetics. On the other hand carrier materials, collagen at this point, also limit the use of BMPs, for example in minimally invasive application methods. In this overview, the pharmacokinetics of BMPs, and various carrier materials (collagen, synthetic polymers, calcium phosphates, hyaluronic acid, CMC, and sodium acetate) are discussed. No other carrier material than collagen has been proven effective in clinical studies. Other formulations are needed to improve the residual time and handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taco J Blokhuis
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, Netherlands.
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23
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Zhang S, Doschak MR, Uludağ H. Pharmacokinetics and bone formation by BMP-2 entrapped in polyethylenimine-coated albumin nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2009; 30:5143-55. [PMID: 19540582 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The osteoinductive growth factor, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), is capable of inducing de novo bone formation after implantation. A nanoparticulate (NP) system was developed for BMP-2 delivery based on NPs fabricated from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and stabilized by polyethylenimine (PEI) coating. In this study, the pharmacokinetics and osteoinductivity of BMP-2 delivered with different BSA NP formulations were determined by subcutaneous implantation in rats. A 7-day pharmacokinetics study showed that PEI coating on NPs effectively reduced the initial burst release of BMP-2 and prolonged the BMP-2 retention at implantation site. However, the uncoated BMP-2 NPs (BMP-2 loading of 1.44% w/w) were able to induce a robust ectopic bone formation, while no bone formation was found by the BMP-2 NPs coated with PEI. The toxicity of the PEI used for NP coating was determined to be the reason for lack of osteoinduction. Increasing BMP-2 loading (up to 5.76% w/w) was then employed to formulate NPs with lower PEI content; the higher BMP-2 loading was found to better promote induction of de novo bone. Our findings indicated that PEI coating on BSA NPs was effective for controlling BMP-2 release from NPs, but the toxicity of cationic PEI was a concern for the osteoinductive activity, which should be alleviated by further optimization of NP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufeng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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24
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Zeugolis DI, Paul GR, Attenburrow G. Cross-linking of extruded collagen fibers-A biomimetic three-dimensional scaffold for tissue engineering applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 89:895-908. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Friess W, Schlapp M. Sterilization of gentamicin containing collagen/PLGA microparticle composites. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2006; 63:176-87. [PMID: 16497493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2005.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 11/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In order to achieve implants which provide sustained release of gentamicin, microparticles based on a 50/50 Resomer 503/Resomer 502H blend were combined with collagen in order to achieve their fixation and to utilize the favorable effect of collagen on wound healing. Ethylene oxide treatment as well as beta- and gamma-irradiation were tested for sterilization of the collagen/PLGA-microparticle composite. All methods resulted in a decrease of molecular weight and glass transition temperature of polymer raw material and microparticles. In addition, ethylene oxide treatment yielded aggregation of microparticles leading to a substantial increase in the initially liberated gentamicin dose. Furthermore, chemical changes of gentamicin after ethylene oxide sterilization could be identified using NMR spectroscopy. Despite a decrease in the molecular weight and glass transition temperature after irradiation, neither morphological changes of the composites nor changes regarding the gentamicin release profile from beta- and gamma-sterilized material were observed. Free radicals, which could only be detected in gentamicin drug substance and at marginal level in gentamicin-loaded MPs, disappeared within 4 weeks. Additional microbiological testing verified the microbiological activity of gentamicin liberated from beta-sterilized composites. Storage of beta-sterilized composite at 4 degrees C/35% r.h. for 3 months did not influence morphology, molecular weight, glass transition temperature, and release profiles of microparticles and composites. However, at 25 degrees C/60% r.h. and 40 degrees C/75% r.h. a marked decrease in molecular weight and glass transition temperature resulted. This effect was due to a higher humidity, water uptake into polymers, and subsequent hydrolysis of polymers and microparticles, which was more pronounced for RG 502H because of its hydrophilicity. Upon storage at 25 degrees C/60% r.h. and 40 degrees C/75% r.h. particles collapsed resulting in an increased gentamicin liberation. Thus, all sterilization techniques have their pros and cons, but based on drug release profile and chemical changes of gentamicin irradiation treatment appears to be more suitable for collagen/gentamicin-loaded PLGA microparticle composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Friess
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Munich, Muenchen, Germany.
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26
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Morin R, Kaplan D, Perez-Ramirez B. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 binds as multilayers to a collagen delivery matrix: an equilibrium thermodynamic analysis. Biomacromolecules 2006; 7:131-8. [PMID: 16398507 DOI: 10.1021/bm050461i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) promotes bone growth but must be retained at the delivery site for optimal efficacy in vivo. rhBMP-2 release from a collagen-based matrix has shown favorable pharmacokinetics. The present study assessed binding affinity and binding saturation of rhBMP-2 to a collagen matrix as a function of solution and rhBMP-2 isoform variables. Results indicate that rhBMP-2 binds to the collagen matrix with affinities on the order of 10(3) to 10(4) M(-1). Maximum binding, nu, was primarily a function of pH for heterogeneous rhBMP-2 and the extended (T(266)/T(266)) isoform. However, binding saturation of the <Q(283)/<Q(283) isoform was unaffected by pH. Overall, binding saturation was higher than the calculated saturation of a rhBMP-2 monolayer, suggesting both hydrophobic and ionic interactions in a multilayer formation. The contributions of pH and ionic strength to the linkage free energy of interaction was on the order of 1.3 kcal mol(-1) and approximately 0.3 kcal mol(-1), respectively. This thermodynamic approach can serve to optimize interactions between therapeutic proteins and delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randy Morin
- Formulation and Process Development, Wyeth BioPharma, One Burt Road, Andover, MA 01810, USA
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27
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Thorwarth M, Schlegel KA, Wiltfang J, Rupprecht S, Park JH. [Experimental pilot study on surface activation of implants with liposomal vectors]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 8:250-5. [PMID: 15293121 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-004-0536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface coating with mitogenic or morphogenic proteins can improve the healing of bone adjacent to implants and increase the bone-implant interface. Clinical surveys have shown liposome-mediated gene transfer to be a promising and safe new therapeutic method. The aim of our study was to evaluate an experimental model of new approaches for topical treatment of the implant surface and of periimplant defects by using DNA liposomes encoding for BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 27 implants (3.5 x 14 mm) were placed in critically sized defects of the frontal skull bone of adult pigs (n=3). The bottom of the implant was placed in the base of the defect which guaranteed primary stability, whereas the superior part of the implant (10 mm) represented an implant in a defect area. Liposomes containing DNA encoding for BMP-2 and GFP (green fluorescence protein) were used. In a first trial GFP-DNA liposomes on a collagen matrix were directly applied to the periimplant defect. In a second stage, the surface of the implants was encoded with BMP-2 DNA liposomes. Subsequently, these implants were inserted in the manner described. The resulting bone samples were prepared for immunohistochemical staining. Staining for GFP was performed in the area of the defect and for BMP-2 on the bone-implant interface. RESULTS Immunohistochemical staining on day 3 postoperatively revealed an increased GFP expression in the periimplant defect. Therefore, the effectiveness of the liposomal vector was verified for the chosen animal model. On the surface of the implants encoded with BMP-2 DNA liposomes an increased BMP-2 expression was found. Thus, the liposomal vector system was validated also for BMP-2 DNA transfer in the chosen animal model. Further, the established system allows a sustainable and delayed release of BMP-2 in the area of the bone-implant interface. CONCLUSIONS As a result of the study we were able to collect data concerning the influence of implant surface conditioning on the bone-implant interface and on therapeutically relevant options for the treatment of periimplant defects. These approaches are currently being evaluated in a long-term study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Thorwarth
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund-, Kiefer-, Gesichtschirurgie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
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28
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Yamamoto M, Takahashi Y, Tabata Y. Controlled release by biodegradable hydrogels enhances the ectopic bone formation of bone morphogenetic protein. Biomaterials 2003; 24:4375-83. [PMID: 12922150 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to develop a carrier for the controlled release of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) suitable for enhancement of the bone regeneration activity. Hydrogels with different water contents were prepared through glutaraldehyde crosslinking of gelatin with an isoelectric point of 9.0 under varied reaction conditions. Following subcutaneous implantation of the gelatin hydrogels incorporating 125I-labeled BMP-2 into the back of mice, the in vivo retention period of BMP-2 prolonged with a decrease in the water content of hydrogels used, although every time period was much longer than that of BMP-2 solution injection. Ectopic bone formation studies demonstrated that the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and osteocalcin content around the implanted site of BMP-2-incorporated gelatin hydrogels were significantly high compared with those around the injected site of BMP-2 solution. The values became maximum for the gelatin hydrogel incorporating BMP-2 with a middle period of BMP-2 retention, while bone formation was histologically observed around the hydrogel incorporating BMP-2. The ALP activity was significantly higher than that of the collagen sponge incorporating BMP-2. We concluded that the controlled release technology of BMP-2 for a certain time period was essential to induce the potential activity for bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yamamoto
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Louis-Ugbo J, Kim HS, Boden SD, Mayr MT, Li RC, Seeherman H, D'Augusta D, Blake C, Jiao A, Peckham S. Retention of 125I-labeled recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 by biphasic calcium phosphate or a composite sponge in a rabbit posterolateral spine arthrodesis model. J Orthop Res 2002; 20:1050-9. [PMID: 12382973 DOI: 10.1016/s0736-0266(02)00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the retention kinetics of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) applied to two calcium-based delivery matrices. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) and a composite containing BCP in an absorbable collagen sponge (BCP/ACS) were evaluated using a spinal fusion model in rabbits. rhBMP-2 labeled with radioactive iodine (125I) was used as a tracer to assess in vivo retention of rhBMP-2 in the presence of these materials (nine animals per material studied). Over a 36 day study period, animals were assessed for the following: percent administered dose retained at the implant site as measured by scintigraphic imaging (counting) with a gamma camera (all animals), radiography of the implant site (all animals), radioactivity in blood and plasma (all animals), and radioactivity in the urine and feces (three animals for each material). Radioactivity data were corrected for the decay of 125I and the attenuation between the implant in vivo and the gamma camera. Differences observed between the two materials for the area under the retention vs. time profile (AUC; 988%*day for BCP vs. 1070%*day for BCP/ACS, p = 0.57) and the mean residence time (MRT; 10.2 days for BCP vs. 7.6 days for BCP/ACS, p = 0.06) were not statistically significant. Initial retention/incorporation of rhBMP-2 was slightly higher for rhBMP-2/BCP/ACS than for rhBMP-2/BCP (96.8% vs. 86.0%, p < 0.05). Animals receiving rhBMP-2/BCP showed a longer terminal retention half-life (t1/2) than did those receiving rhBMP-2/BCP/ACS (7.5 vs. 4.5 days, p < 0.05). The urinary radioactivity recovery data supported the data obtained by scintigraphy. Over the 36 day collection period, essentially complete recovery of radioactivity (dose) in urine was observed for rhBMP-2/BCP and rhBMP-2/BCP/ACS and the majority of the radioactivity (approximately 95%) was soluble in trichloroacetic acid, suggesting extensive catabolism of rhBMP-2 before renal excretion. Fecal recovery of radioactivity was low, approximately 2-3%. In conclusion, rhBMP-2 was retained at the implant site when delivered with either BCP or BCP/ACS based on mean residence time and area under the retention curve vs. time profile. Use of these matrices resulted in detectable rhBMP-2 levels at the surgical site for over a week in contrast to data reported with several other matrices that lasted less time. Systemic catabolism and elimination of the rhBMP-2 was extensive and systemic presence of the protein was negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Louis-Ugbo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Altanta, GA 30322, USA
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Sykaras N, Triplett RG, Nunn ME, Iacopino AM, Opperman LA. Effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 on bone regeneration and osseointegration of dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2001; 12:339-49. [PMID: 11488863 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2001.012004339.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) induced bone regeneration and osseointegration was evaluated in bony defects created within the hollow chamber of endosseous dental implants in 14 foxhound dogs. Bilateral extractions of mandibular premolars were performed and surgical implantation of 104 hollow cylinder implants followed after 8 weeks of healing. Experimental implants had their hollow chamber filled with 20 microg of rhBMP-2 delivered with a bovine collagen carrier, whereas the control implants had their apical chamber left empty. Dogs were followed for 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Histomorphometric evaluation and immunohistochemical analysis were performed. Minimal bone was regenerated at 2 weeks for both groups. At 4 weeks, bone fill averaged 23.48% for the rhBMP-2 and 5.98% for the control group (P<0.05). At 8 weeks, mean bone fill was 20.94% and 7.75% for the rhBMP-2 and the controls, respectively (P<0.05). At 12 weeks, mean bone fill was 31.39% and 24.31% for the rhBMP-2 and control implants, respectively (P>0.05). Bone-implant contact (BIC) increased for both groups over time and at 8 weeks the rhBMP-2 BIC value was 18.65% and for the control 7.22% (P<0.05). At 12 weeks, the BIC was 43.78% and 21.05% for the rhBMP-2 and the control group, respectively (P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining for type II collagen was positive only for parts of the collagen carrier and formation of cartilaginous intermediate was not observed in any of the specimens. The results suggest that, in confined defects adjacent to dental implants, rhBMP-2 can induce bone regeneration in close apposition to the implant surface.
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Friess W, Uludag H, Foskett S, Biron R, Sargeant C. Characterization of absorbable collagen sponges as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 carriers. Int J Pharm 1999; 185:51-60. [PMID: 10425365 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-5173(99)00128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
For clinical use recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) is soaked onto an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) for bone regeneration. Therefore, loss of rhBMP-2 upon mechanical handling during implantation and a potential effect of the carrier on in vivo retention is of interest. The interactions between drug and carrier were looked at from the application mode and the amount of protein which can be mechanically expressed from the combination was investigated. The results indicated that rhBMP-2 binds to the collagen system. The most hydrophilic double extended homodimer showed the least binding affinity to ACS. By extending the waiting time between soaking and implantation, protein incorporation could be increased. In addition, the amount of rhBMP-2 which could be expressed was reduced by heavier ACS material and allowed for a shorter waiting period, especially at lower rhBMP-2 concentration. Crosslinking of ACS with formaldehyde led to reduced binding of rhBMP-2 to collagen either by direct hindrance of binding or reduction in swelling and number of binding sites available. Higher product pH or anion concentration enabled to increase rhBMP-2 incorporation but was limited by the potential precipitation of rhBMP-2. Despite a variety of chemical changes of ACS by ethylene oxide sterilization incorporation was not changed significantly. The in vivo release kinetics of (125)I-rhBMP-2 from the collagen sponge were studied using a rat ectopic implant model. The ACS/rhBMP-2 systems tested demonstrated small but significant differences in the in vivo retention of rhBMP-2. Consequently, it is important to have as little variability in pH, anion concentration, crosslinking, and ACS mass as possible to achieve consistent or maximum binding and to avoid rhBMP-2 precipitation. Furthermore, these characteristics can be important for other in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Friess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Erlangen, Cauerstrasse 4, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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