1
|
Yin L, Jiang N, Li T, Zhang Y, Yuan S. Telomeric function and regulation during male meiosis in mice and humans. Andrology 2024. [PMID: 38511802 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomeres are unique structures situated at the ends of chromosomes. Preserving the structure and function of telomeres is essential for maintaining genomic stability and promoting genetic diversity during male meiosis in mammals. MATERIAL-METHODS This review compiled recent literature on the function and regulation of telomeres during male meiosis in both mice and humans, and also highlighted the critical roles of telomeres in reproductive biology and medicine. RESULTS-DISCUSSION Various structures, consisting of the LINC complex (SUN-KASH), SPDYA-CDK2, TTM trimer (TERB1-TERB2-MAJIN), and shelterin, are critical in controlling telomeric activities, such as nuclear envelope attachment and bouquet formation. Other than telomere-related proteins, cohesins and genes responsible for regulating telomere function are also highlighted, though the exact mechanism remains unclear. The gene-mutant mouse models with meiotic defects directly reveal the essential roles of telomeres in male meiosis. Recently reported mutant genes associated with telomere activity in clinical practice have also been illustrated in detail. CONCLUSIONS Proper regulation of telomere activities is essential for male meiosis progression in mice and humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Yin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youzhi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology; Hubei Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine of South Hubei Province, Xianning, China
| | - Shuiqiao Yuan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rivosecchi J, Cusanelli E. TERRA beyond cancer: the biology of telomeric repeat-containing RNAs in somatic and germ cells. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2023; 4:1224225. [PMID: 37636218 PMCID: PMC10448526 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2023.1224225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The telomeric noncoding RNA TERRA is a key component of telomeres and it is widely expressed in normal as well as cancer cells. In the last 15 years, several publications have shed light on the role of TERRA in telomere homeostasis and cell survival in cancer cells. However, only few studies have investigated the regulation or the functions of TERRA in normal tissues. A better understanding of the biology of TERRA in non-cancer cells may provide unexpected insights into how these lncRNAs are transcribed and operate in cells, and their potential role in physiological processes, such as aging, age-related pathologies, inflammatory processes and human genetic diseases. In this review we aim to discuss the findings that have advanced our understanding of the biology of TERRA using non-cancer mammalian cells as a model system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julieta Rivosecchi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Biswas U, Deb Mallik T, Pschirer J, Lesche M, Sameith K, Jessberger R. Cohesin SMC1β promotes closed chromatin and controls TERRA expression at spermatocyte telomeres. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201798. [PMID: 37160312 PMCID: PMC10172765 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous data showed that meiotic cohesin SMC1β protects spermatocyte telomeres from damage. The underlying reason, however, remained unknown as the expressions of telomerase and shelterin components were normal in Smc1β -/- spermatocytes. Here. we report that SMC1β restricts expression of the long noncoding RNA TERRA (telomeric repeat containing RNA) in spermatocytes. In somatic cell lines increased TERRA was reported to cause telomere damage through altering telomere chromatin structure. In Smc1β -/- spermatocytes, we observed strongly increased levels of TERRA which accumulate on damaged chromosomal ends, where enhanced R-loop formation was found. This suggested a more open chromatin configuration near telomeres in Smc1β -/- spermatocytes, which was confirmed by ATAC-seq. Telomere-distal regions were not affected by the absence of SMC1β but RNA-seq revealed increased transcriptional activity in telomere-proximal regions. Thus, SMC1β promotes closed chromatin specifically near telomeres and limits TERRA expression in spermatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tanaya Deb Mallik
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Pschirer
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Lesche
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Genome Center Technology Platform, Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Sameith
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Genome Center Technology Platform, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jessberger R. Rolf Jessberger: cohesin, telomeres, & germ cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302208. [PMID: 37348955 PMCID: PMC10288032 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rolf Jessberger is Professor and Chairman at the Institute of Physiological Chemistry, and Faculty of Medicine at the Technische Universität Dresden. We asked him about his recent article published in Life Science Alliance (LSA) and his experience in science thus far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pennarun G, Picotto J, Bertrand P. Close Ties between the Nuclear Envelope and Mammalian Telomeres: Give Me Shelter. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040775. [PMID: 37107534 PMCID: PMC10137478 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) in eukaryotic cells is essential to provide a protective compartment for the genome. Beside its role in connecting the nucleus with the cytoplasm, the NE has numerous important functions including chromatin organization, DNA replication and repair. NE alterations have been linked to different human diseases, such as laminopathies, and are a hallmark of cancer cells. Telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, are crucial for preserving genome stability. Their maintenance involves specific telomeric proteins, repair proteins and several additional factors, including NE proteins. Links between telomere maintenance and the NE have been well established in yeast, in which telomere tethering to the NE is critical for their preservation and beyond. For a long time, in mammalian cells, except during meiosis, telomeres were thought to be randomly localized throughout the nucleus, but recent advances have uncovered close ties between mammalian telomeres and the NE that play important roles for maintaining genome integrity. In this review, we will summarize these connections, with a special focus on telomere dynamics and the nuclear lamina, one of the main NE components, and discuss the evolutionary conservation of these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Pennarun
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julien Picotto
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Pascale Bertrand
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Stabilité Génétique Cellules Souches et Radiations, LREV/iRCM/IBFJ, F-92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gómez R, Viera A, Moreno-Mármol T, Berenguer I, Guajardo-Grence A, Tóth A, Parra MT, Suja JA. Kinase PLK1 regulates the disassembly of the lateral elements and the assembly of the inner centromere during the diakinesis/metaphase I transition in male mouse meiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1069946. [PMID: 36733339 PMCID: PMC9887526 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1069946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PLK1 is a serine/threonine kinase with crucial roles during mitosis. However, its involvement during mammalian male meiosis remains largely unexplored. By inhibiting the kinase activity of PLK1 using BI 2536 on organotypic cultures of seminiferous tubules, we found that the disassembly of SYCP3 and HORMAD1 from the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex during diakinesis is impeded. We also found that the normal recruitment of SYCP3 and HORMAD1 to the inner centromere in prometaphase I spermatocytes did not occur. Additionally, we analyzed the participation of PLK1 in the assembly of the inner centromere by studying its implication in the Bub1-H2AT120ph-dependent recruitment of shugoshin SGO2, and the Haspin-H3T3ph-dependent recruitment of Aurora B/C and Borealin. Our results indicated that both pathways are regulated by PLK1. Altogether, our results demonstrate that PLK1 is a master regulator of the late prophase I/metaphase I transition in mouse spermatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Gómez
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Rocío Gómez, ; José A. Suja,
| | - Alberto Viera
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania Moreno-Mármol
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Berenguer
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Neuropatología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Campus de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Guajardo-Grence
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - María Teresa Parra
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A. Suja
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Rocío Gómez, ; José A. Suja,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lv Y, Lu G, Cai Y, Su R, Liang L, Wang X, Mu W, He X, Huang T, Ma J, Zhao Y, Chen ZJ, Xue Y, Liu H, Chan WY. RBM46 is essential for gametogenesis and functions in post-transcriptional roles affecting meiotic cohesin subunits. Protein Cell 2022; 14:51-63. [PMID: 36726756 PMCID: PMC9871953 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RBM46 is a germ cell-specific RNA-binding protein required for gametogenesis, but the targets and molecular functions of RBM46 remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that RBM46 binds at specific motifs in the 3'UTRs of mRNAs encoding multiple meiotic cohesin subunits and show that RBM46 is required for normal synaptonemal complex formation during meiosis initiation. Using a recently reported, high-resolution technique known as LACE-seq and working with low-input cells, we profiled the targets of RBM46 at single-nucleotide resolution in leptotene and zygotene stage gametes. We found that RBM46 preferentially binds target mRNAs containing GCCUAU/GUUCGA motifs in their 3'UTRs regions. In Rbm46 knockout mice, the RBM46-target cohesin subunits displayed unaltered mRNA levels but had reduced translation, resulting in the failed assembly of axial elements, synapsis disruption, and meiotic arrest. Our study thus provides mechanistic insights into the molecular functions of RBM46 in gametogenesis and illustrates the power of LACE-seq for investigations of RNA-binding protein functions when working with low-abundance input materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liang Liang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wenyu Mu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiuqing He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China,CUHK-SDU Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250012, China,Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Novel STAG3 variant associated with primary ovarian insufficiency and non-obstructive azoospermia in an Iranian consanguineous family. Gene 2022; 821:146281. [PMID: 35176428 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) present the most severe forms of male and female infertility. In the last decade, the increasing use of whole exome sequencing (WES) in genomics studies of these conditions has led to the introduction of a number of novel genes and variants especially in meiotic genes with restricted expression to gonads. In this study, exome sequencing of a consanguineous Iranian family with one POI and two NOA cases in three siblings showed that all three patients were double homozygous for a novel in-frame deletion and a novel missense variant in STAG3 (NM_001282717.1:c.1942G > A: p.Ala648Thr; NM_001282717.1:c.1951_1953del: p. Leu652del). Both variants occur within a short proximity of each other affecting the relatively conserved armadillo-type fold superfamily feature. STAG3 is a specific meiotic cohesin complex component that interacts with the α-kleisin subunit through this feature. Protein homology modeling indicated that the in-frame deletion destabilizes kleisin biding by STAG3. Although the missense variant did not seem to affect the binding significantly, protein homology modeling suggests that it further destabilizes kleisin binding when in double homozygous state with the deletion. Our findings are in line with several other studies having associated deleterious variants affecting this region with male and female infertility in humans and mouse models. This is the first report associating an in-frame STAG3 variant with NOA and POI in a single family. SUMMARY SENTENCE: A patient with primary ovarian failure and her two brothers with non-obstructive azoospermia were double homozygous for a novel in-frame deletion and a novel missense variant in STAG3 that potentially disrupt the protein's meiotic functions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang K, Tarczykowska A, Gupta DK, Pendlebury DF, Zuckerman C, Nandakumar J, Shibuya H. The TERB1 MYB domain suppresses telomere erosion in meiotic prophase I. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110289. [PMID: 35081355 PMCID: PMC8867601 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The meiosis-specific telomere-binding protein TERB1 anchors telomeres to the nuclear envelope and drives chromosome movements for the pairing of homologous chromosomes. TERB1 has an MYB-like DNA-binding (MYB) domain, which is a hallmark of telomeric DNA-binding proteins. Here, we demonstrate that the TERB1 MYB domain has lost its canonical DNA-binding activity. The analysis of Terb1 point mutant mice expressing TERB1 lacking its MYB domain showed that the MYB domain is dispensable for telomere localization of TERB1 and the downstream TERB2-MAJIN complex, the promotion of homologous pairing, and even fertility. Instead, the TERB1 MYB domain regulates the enrichment of cohesin and promotes the remodeling of axial elements in the early-to-late pachytene transition, which suppresses telomere erosion. Considering its conservation across metazoan phyla, the TERB1 MYB domain is likely to be important for the maintenance of telomeric DNA and thus for genomic integrity by suppressing meiotic telomere erosion over long evolutionary timescales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41390, Sweden
| | - Agata Tarczykowska
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41390, Sweden
| | - Deepesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41390, Sweden
| | - Devon F Pendlebury
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cassandra Zuckerman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jayakrishnan Nandakumar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41390, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jeon HJ, Oh JS. TRF1 Depletion Reveals Mutual Regulation Between Telomeres, Kinetochores, and Inner Centromeres in Mouse Oocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:749116. [PMID: 34604243 PMCID: PMC8486315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.749116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic chromosomes, the centromere and telomere are two specialized structures that are essential for chromosome stability and segregation. Although centromeres and telomeres often are located in close proximity to form telocentric chromosomes in mice, it remained unclear whether these two structures influence each other. Here we show that TRF1 is required for inner centromere and kinetochore assembly in addition to its role in telomere protection in mouse oocytes. TRF1 depletion caused premature chromosome segregation by abrogating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and impairing kinetochore-microtubule (kMT) attachment, which increased the incidence of aneuploidy. Notably, TRF1 depletion disturbed the localization of Survivin and Ndc80/Hec1 at inner centromeres and kinetochores, respectively. Moreover, SMC3 and SMC4 levels significantly decreased after TRF1 depletion, suggesting that TRF1 is involved in chromosome cohesion and condensation. Importantly, inhibition of inner centromere or kinetochore function led to a significant decrease in TRF1 level and telomere shortening. Therefore, our results suggest that telomere integrity is required to preserve inner centromere and kinetochore architectures, and vice versa, suggesting mutual regulation between telomeres and centromeres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Joon Jeon
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Islam KN, Modi MM, Siegfried KR. The Zebrafish Meiotic Cohesin Complex Protein Smc1b Is Required for Key Events in Meiotic Prophase I. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:714245. [PMID: 34434933 PMCID: PMC8381726 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.714245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins are involved in key processes of chromosome structure and dynamics. SMC1β was identified as a component of the meiotic cohesin complex in vertebrates, which aids in keeping sister chromatids together prior to segregation in meiosis II and is involved in association of homologous chromosomes in meiosis I. The role of SMC1β in meiosis has primarily been studied in mice, where mutant male and female mice are infertile due to germ cell arrest at pachytene and metaphase II stages, respectively. Here, we investigate the function of zebrafish Smc1b to understand the role of this protein more broadly in vertebrates. We found that zebrafish smc1b is necessary for fertility and has important roles in meiosis, yet has no other apparent roles in development. Therefore, smc1b functions primarily in meiosis in both fish and mammals. In zebrafish, we showed that smc1b mutant spermatocytes initiated telomere clustering in leptotene, but failed to complete this process and progress into zygotene. Furthermore, mutant spermatocytes displayed a complete failure of synapsis between homologous chromosomes and homolog pairing only occurred at chromosome ends. Interestingly, meiotic DNA double strand breaks occurred in the absence of Smc1b despite failed pairing and synapsis. Overall, our findings point to an essential role of Smc1b in the leptotene to zygotene transition during zebrafish spermatogenesis. In addition, ovarian follicles failed to form in smc1b mutants, suggesting an essential role in female meiosis as well. Our results indicate that there are some key differences in Smc1b requirement in meiosis among vertebrates: while Smc1b is not required for homolog pairing and synapsis in mice, it is essential for these processes in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Nazrul Islam
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maitri Mitesh Modi
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chico-Sordo L, Córdova-Oriz I, Polonio AM, S-Mellado LS, Medrano M, García-Velasco JA, Varela E. Reproductive aging and telomeres: Are women and men equally affected? Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111541. [PMID: 34245740 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful reproduction is very important for individuals and for society. Currently, the human health span and lifespan are the object of intense and productive investigation with great achievements, compared to the last century. However, reproduction span does not progress concomitantly with lifespan. Reproductive organs age, decreasing the levels of sexual hormones, which are protectors of health through their action on several organs of the body. Thus, this is the starting point of the organismal decay and infertility. This starting point is easily detected in women. In men, it goes under the surface, undetected, but it goes, nevertheless. Regarding fertility, aging alters the hormonal equilibrium, decreases the potential of reproductive organs, diminishes the quality of the gametes and worsen the reproductive outcomes. All these events happen at a different pace and affecting different organs in women and men. The question is what molecular pathways are involved in reproductive aging and if there is a possible halting or even reversion of the aging events. Answers to all these points will be explained in the present review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Chico-Sordo
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Isabel Córdova-Oriz
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Alba María Polonio
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Lucía Sánchez S-Mellado
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Marta Medrano
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; IVIRMA Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio García-Velasco
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; IVIRMA Madrid, Spain; Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elisa Varela
- IVI Foundation, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IISLAFE), Valencia, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain; Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grey C, de Massy B. Chromosome Organization in Early Meiotic Prophase. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:688878. [PMID: 34150782 PMCID: PMC8209517 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.688878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most fascinating aspects of meiosis is the extensive reorganization of the genome at the prophase of the first meiotic division (prophase I). The first steps of this reorganization are observed with the establishment of an axis structure, that connects sister chromatids, from which emanate arrays of chromatin loops. This axis structure, called the axial element, consists of various proteins, such as cohesins, HORMA-domain proteins, and axial element proteins. In many organisms, axial elements are required to set the stage for efficient sister chromatid cohesion and meiotic recombination, necessary for the recognition of the homologous chromosomes. Here, we review the different actors involved in axial element formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in mouse. We describe the current knowledge of their localization pattern during prophase I, their functional interdependence, their role in sister chromatid cohesion, loop axis formation, homolog pairing before meiotic recombination, and recombination. We also address further challenges that need to be resolved, to fully understand the interplay between the chromosome structure and the different molecular steps that take place in early prophase I, which lead to the successful outcome of meiosis I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Grey
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bernard de Massy
- Institut de Génétique Humaine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Pepling ME. Regulation of Meiotic Prophase One in Mammalian Oocytes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667306. [PMID: 34095134 PMCID: PMC8172968 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In female mammals, meiotic prophase one begins during fetal development. Oocytes transition through the prophase one substages consisting of leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene, and are finally arrested at the diplotene substage, for months in mice and years in humans. After puberty, luteinizing hormone induces ovulation and meiotic resumption in a cohort of oocytes, driving the progression from meiotic prophase one to metaphase two. If fertilization occurs, the oocyte completes meiosis two followed by fusion with the sperm nucleus and preparation for zygotic divisions; otherwise, it is passed into the uterus and degenerates. Specifically in the mouse, oocytes enter meiosis at 13.5 days post coitum. As meiotic prophase one proceeds, chromosomes find their homologous partner, synapse, exchange genetic material between homologs and then begin to separate, remaining connected at recombination sites. At postnatal day 5, most of the oocytes have reached the late diplotene (or dictyate) substage of prophase one where they remain arrested until ovulation. This review focuses on events and mechanisms controlling the progression through meiotic prophase one, which include recombination, synapsis and control by signaling pathways. These events are prerequisites for proper chromosome segregation in meiotic divisions; and if they go awry, chromosomes mis-segregate resulting in aneuploidy. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms regulating meiotic progression is important to provide a foundation for developing improved treatments of female infertility.
Collapse
|
15
|
van der Bijl N, Röpke A, Biswas U, Wöste M, Jessberger R, Kliesch S, Friedrich C, Tüttelmann F. Mutations in the stromal antigen 3 (STAG3) gene cause male infertility due to meiotic arrest. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:2112-2119. [PMID: 31682730 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are sequence variants in the stromal antigen 3 (STAG3) gene a cause for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) in infertile human males? SUMMARY ANSWER Sequence variants affecting protein function of STAG3 cause male infertility due to meiotic arrest. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In both women and men, STAG3 encodes for a meiosis-specific protein that is crucial for the functionality of meiotic cohesin complexes. Sequence variants in STAG3 have been reported to cause meiotic arrest in male and female mice and premature ovarian failure in human females, but not in infertile human males so far. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The full coding region of STAG3 was sequenced directly in a cohort of 28 men with NOA due to meiotic arrest. In addition, a larger group of 275 infertile men that underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) was screened for potential STAG3 sequence variants. Furthermore, meiotic spreads, immunohistochemistry, WES and population sampling probability (PSAP) have been conducted in the index case. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS This study included 28 infertile but otherwise healthy human males who underwent Sanger sequencing of the full coding region of STAG3. Additionally, WES data of 275 infertile human males with different infertility phenotypes have been screened for relevant STAG3 variants. All participants underwent karyotype analysis and azoospermia factor (AZF) screening in advance. In the index patient, segregation analysis, WES data, PSAP, lab parameters, testis histology and nuclear spreads have been added to suplort the findings. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Two compound-heterozygous variants in STAG3 (c.[1262T>G];[1312C>T], p.[(Leu421Arg)];[(Arg438Ter)]) have been found to cause male infertility due to complete bilateral meiotic arrest in an otherwise healthy human male. Compound heterozygosity was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of the parents and the patient's brother. Other variants which may affect spermatogenesis have been ruled out through analysis of the patient's WES data and application of the PSAP pipeline. As expected from Stag3 knockout-mice meiotic spreads, germ cells did not develop further than zygotene and showed drastic chromosome aberrations. No rare variants in STAG3 were found in the 275 infertile males with other phenotypes. Our results indicate that STAG3 variants that negatively affect its protein function are a rare cause of NOA (<1% of cases). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We identified only one patient with compound-heterozygous variants in STAG3 causing NOA due to meiotic arrest. Future studies should evaluate STAG3 variants in larger cohorts to support this finding. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Identification of STAG3 sequence variants in infertile human males should improve genetic counselling as well as diagnostics and treatment. Especially before testicular sperm extraction (TESE) for ICSI, STAG3 variants should be ruled out to prevent unnecessary interventions with frustrating outcomes for both patients and clinicians. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was carried out within the frame of the German Research Foundation (DFG) Clinical Research Unit 'Male Germ Cells: from Genes to Function' (CRU326). Work in the laboratory of R.J. is supported by a grant of the European Union H2020 program GermAge. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N van der Bijl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - A Röpke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - U Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Wöste
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - R Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - S Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C Friedrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - F Tüttelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMCs) are part of a large family of ring complexes that participates in a number of DNA transactions. Among SMCs, SMC1A gene is unique. It encodes a subunit of the cohesin-core complex that tethers sister chromatids together to ensure correct chromosome segregation in both mitosis and meiosis. As a member of the cohesin ring, SMC1A takes part in gene transcription regulation and genome organization; and it participates in the DNA Damage Repair (DDR) pathway, being phosphorylated by Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) and Ataxia Telangiectasia and Rad3 Related (ATR) threonine/serine kinases. It is also a component of the Recombination protein complex (RC-1) involved in DNA repair by recombination. SMC1A pathogenic variants have been described in Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS), a human rare disease, and recently SMC1A variants have been associated with epilepsy or resembling Rett syndrome phenotype. Finally, SMC1A variants have been identified in several human cancers. In this review, our current knowledge of the SMC1A gene has been summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Musio
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hua R, Wei H, Liu C, Zhang Y, Liu S, Guo Y, Cui Y, Zhang X, Guo X, Li W, Liu M. FBXO47 regulates telomere-inner nuclear envelope integration by stabilizing TRF2 during meiosis. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:11755-11770. [PMID: 31724724 PMCID: PMC7145685 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During meiosis, telomere attachment to the inner nuclear envelope is required for proper pairing of homologous chromosomes and recombination. Here, we identified F-box protein 47 (FBXO47) as a regulator of the telomeric shelterin complex that is specifically expressed during meiotic prophase I. Knockout of Fbxo47 in mice leads to infertility in males. We found that the Fbxo47 deficient spermatocytes are unable to form a complete synaptonemal complex. FBXO47 interacts with TRF1/2, and the disruption of Fbxo47 destabilizes TRF2, leading to unstable telomere attachment and slow traversing through the bouquet stage. Our findings uncover a novel mechanism of FBXO47 in telomeric shelterin subunit stabilization during meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Huafang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yueshuai Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Yiqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xuejiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Viera A, Berenguer I, Ruiz-Torres M, Gómez R, Guajardo A, Barbero JL, Losada A, Suja JA. PDS5 proteins regulate the length of axial elements and telomere integrity during male mouse meiosis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49273. [PMID: 32285610 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin cofactors regulate the loading, maintenance, and release of cohesin complexes from chromosomes during mitosis but little is known on their role during vertebrate meiosis. One such cofactor is PDS5, which exists as two paralogs in somatic and germline cells, PDS5A and PDS5B, with unclear functions. Here, we have analyzed their distribution and functions in mouse spermatocytes. We show that simultaneous excision of Pds5A and Pds5B results in severe defects during early prophase I while their individual depletion does not, suggesting their functional redundancy. Shortened axial/lateral elements and a reduction of early recombination nodules are observed after the strong depletion of PDS5A/B proteins. Moreover, telomere integrity and their association to the nuclear envelope are severely compromised. As these defects occur without detectable reduction in chromosome-bound cohesin, we propose that the dynamic behavior of the complex, mediated by PDS5 proteins, is key for successful completion of meiotic prophase I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Viera
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Berenguer
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Torres
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Guajardo
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Barbero
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Losada
- Chromosome Dynamics Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Suja
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McNicoll F, Kühnel A, Biswas U, Hempel K, Whelan G, Eichele G, Jessberger R. Meiotic sex chromosome cohesion and autosomal synapsis are supported by Esco2. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:e201900564. [PMID: 32051254 PMCID: PMC7025286 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In mitotic cells, establishment of sister chromatid cohesion requires acetylation of the cohesin subunit SMC3 (acSMC3) by ESCO1 and/or ESCO2. Meiotic cohesin plays additional but poorly understood roles in the formation of chromosome axial elements (AEs) and synaptonemal complexes. Here, we show that levels of ESCO2, acSMC3, and the pro-cohesion factor sororin increase on meiotic chromosomes as homologs synapse. These proteins are less abundant on the largely unsynapsed sex chromosomes, whose sister chromatid cohesion appears weaker throughout the meiotic prophase. Using three distinct conditional Esco2 knockout mouse strains, we demonstrate that ESCO2 is essential for male gametogenesis. Partial depletion of ESCO2 in prophase I spermatocytes delays chromosome synapsis and further weakens cohesion along sex chromosomes, which show extensive separation of AEs into single chromatids. Unsynapsed regions of autosomes are associated with the sex chromatin and also display split AEs. This study provides the first evidence for a specific role of ESCO2 in mammalian meiosis, identifies a particular ESCO2 dependence of sex chromosome cohesion and suggests support of autosomal synapsis by acSMC3-stabilized cohesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François McNicoll
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Kühnel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gabriela Whelan
- Department of Genes and Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gregor Eichele
- Department of Genes and Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ben-Elazar S, Chor B, Yakhini Z. The Functional 3D Organization of Unicellular Genomes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12734. [PMID: 31484964 PMCID: PMC6726614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48798-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome conformation capture techniques permit a systematic investigation into the functional spatial organization of genomes, including functional aspects like assessing the co-localization of sets of genomic elements. For example, the co-localization of genes targeted by a transcription factor (TF) within a transcription factory. We quantify spatial co-localization using a rigorous statistical model that measures the enrichment of a subset of elements in neighbourhoods inferred from Hi-C data. We also control for co-localization that can be attributed to genomic order. We systematically apply our open-sourced framework, spatial-mHG, to search for spatial co-localization phenomena in multiple unicellular Hi-C datasets with corresponding genomic annotations. Our biological findings shed new light on the functional spatial organization of genomes, including: In C. crescentus, DNA replication genes reside in two genomic clusters that are spatially co-localized. Furthermore, these clusters contain similar gene copies and lay in genomic vicinity to the ori and ter sequences. In S. cerevisae, Ty5 retrotransposon family element spatially co-localize at a spatially adjacent subset of telomeres. In N. crassa, both Proteasome lid subcomplex genes and protein refolding genes jointly spatially co-localize at a shared location. An implementation of our algorithms is available online.
Collapse
|
21
|
Large-scale chromatin organisation in interphase, mitosis and meiosis. Biochem J 2019; 476:2141-2156. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe spatial configuration of chromatin is fundamental to ensure any given cell can fulfil its functional duties, from gene expression to specialised cellular division. Significant technological innovations have facilitated further insights into the structure, function and regulation of three-dimensional chromatin organisation. To date, the vast majority of investigations into chromatin organisation have been conducted in interphase and mitotic cells leaving meiotic chromatin relatively unexplored. In combination, cytological and genome-wide contact frequency analyses in mammalian germ cells have recently demonstrated that large-scale chromatin structures in meiotic prophase I are reminiscent of the sequential loop arrays found in mitotic cells, although interphase-like segmentation of transcriptionally active and inactive regions are also evident along the length of chromosomes. Here, we discuss the similarities and differences of such large-scale chromatin architecture, between interphase, mitotic and meiotic cells, as well as their functional relevance and the proposed modulatory mechanisms which underlie them.
Collapse
|
22
|
Link J, Jantsch V. Meiotic chromosomes in motion: a perspective from Mus musculus and Caenorhabditis elegans. Chromosoma 2019; 128:317-330. [PMID: 30877366 PMCID: PMC6823321 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vigorous chromosome movement during the extended prophase of the first meiotic division is conserved in most eukaryotes. The movement is crucial for the faithful segregation of homologous chromosomes into daughter cells, and thus for fertility. A prerequisite for meiotic chromosome movement is the stable and functional attachment of telomeres or chromosome ends to the nuclear envelope and their cytoplasmic coupling to the cytoskeletal forces responsible for generating movement. Important advances in understanding the components, mechanisms, and regulation of chromosome end attachment and movement have recently been made. This review focuses on insights gained from experiments into two major metazoan model organisms: the mouse, Mus musculus, and the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Link
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Verena Jantsch
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Halldorsson BV, Palsson G, Stefansson OA, Jonsson H, Hardarson MT, Eggertsson HP, Gunnarsson B, Oddsson A, Halldorsson GH, Zink F, Gudjonsson SA, Frigge ML, Thorleifsson G, Sigurdsson A, Stacey SN, Sulem P, Masson G, Helgason A, Gudbjartsson DF, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K. Characterizing mutagenic effects of recombination through a sequence-level genetic map. Science 2019; 363:363/6425/eaau1043. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic diversity arises from recombination and de novo mutation (DNM). Using a combination of microarray genotype and whole-genome sequence data on parent-child pairs, we identified 4,531,535 crossover recombinations and 200,435 DNMs. The resulting genetic map has a resolution of 682 base pairs. Crossovers exhibit a mutagenic effect, with overrepresentation of DNMs within 1 kilobase of crossovers in males and females. In females, a higher mutation rate is observed up to 40 kilobases from crossovers, particularly for complex crossovers, which increase with maternal age. We identified 35 loci associated with the recombination rate or the location of crossovers, demonstrating extensive genetic control of meiotic recombination, and our results highlight genes linked to the formation of the synaptonemal complex as determinants of crossovers.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bommi JR, Rao HBDP, Challa K, Higashide M, Shinmyozu K, Nakayama JI, Shinohara M, Shinohara A. Meiosis-specific cohesin component, Rec8, promotes the localization of Mps3 SUN domain protein on the nuclear envelope. Genes Cells 2019; 24:94-106. [PMID: 30417519 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteins in the nuclear envelope (NE) play a role in the dynamics and functions of the nucleus and of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Mps3, a yeast NE protein with a conserved SUN domain, predominantly localizes on a yeast centrosome equivalent, spindle pole body (SPB), in mitotic cells. During meiosis, Mps3, together with SPB, forms a distinct multiple ensemble on NE. How meiosis-specific NE localization of Mps3 is regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that a meiosis-specific component of the protein complex essential for sister chromatid cohesion, Rec8, binds to Mps3 during meiosis and controls Mps3 localization and proper dynamics on NE. Ectopic expression of Rec8 in mitotic yeast cells induced the formation of Mps3 patches/foci on NE. This required the cohesin regulator, WAPL ortholog, Rad61/Wpl1, suggesting that a meiosis-specific cohesin complex with Rec8 controls NE localization of Mps3. We also observed that two domains of the nucleoplasmic region of Mps3 are essential for NE localization of Mps3 in mitotic as well as meiotic cells. We speculate that the interaction of Mps3 with the meiosis-specific cohesin in the nucleoplasm is a key determinant for NE localization/function of Mps3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiran Challa
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mika Higashide
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jun-Ichi Nakayama
- RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Chromatin Regulation, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Miki Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ishiguro K. The cohesin complex in mammalian meiosis. Genes Cells 2019; 24:6-30. [PMID: 30479058 PMCID: PMC7379579 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is an evolutionary conserved multi-protein complex that plays a pivotal role in chromosome dynamics. It plays a role both in sister chromatid cohesion and in establishing higher order chromosome architecture, in somatic and germ cells. Notably, the cohesin complex in meiosis differs from that in mitosis. In mammalian meiosis, distinct types of cohesin complexes are produced by altering the combination of meiosis-specific subunits. The meiosis-specific subunits endow the cohesin complex with specific functions for numerous meiosis-associated chromosomal events, such as chromosome axis formation, homologue association, meiotic recombination and centromeric cohesion for sister kinetochore geometry. This review mainly focuses on the cohesin complex in mammalian meiosis, pointing out the differences in its roles from those in mitosis. Further, common and divergent aspects of the meiosis-specific cohesin complex between mammals and other organisms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei‐ichiro Ishiguro
- Institute of Molecular Embryology and GeneticsKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dunce JM, Milburn AE, Gurusaran M, da Cruz I, Sen LT, Benavente R, Davies OR. Structural basis of meiotic telomere attachment to the nuclear envelope by MAJIN-TERB2-TERB1. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5355. [PMID: 30559341 PMCID: PMC6297230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic chromosomes undergo rapid prophase movements, which are thought to facilitate the formation of inter-homologue recombination intermediates that underlie synapsis, crossing over and segregation. The meiotic telomere complex (MAJIN, TERB1, TERB2) tethers telomere ends to the nuclear envelope and transmits cytoskeletal forces via the LINC complex to drive these rapid movements. Here, we report the molecular architecture of the meiotic telomere complex through the crystal structure of MAJIN-TERB2, together with light and X-ray scattering studies of wider complexes. The MAJIN-TERB2 2:2 hetero-tetramer binds strongly to DNA and is tethered through long flexible linkers to the inner nuclear membrane and two TRF1-binding 1:1 TERB2-TERB1 complexes. Our complementary structured illumination microscopy studies and biochemical findings reveal a telomere attachment mechanism in which MAJIN-TERB2-TERB1 recruits telomere-bound TRF1, which is then displaced during pachytene, allowing MAJIN-TERB2-TERB1 to bind telomeric DNA and form a mature attachment plate. The meiotic telomere complex (MAJIN, TERB1, TERB2) tethers telomere ends to the nuclear envelope. Here the authors present the crystal structure of human MAJIN-TERB2 and combine biophysical approaches and structured illumination microscopy analysis of mouse meiotic chromosomes to characterize the molecular architecture of the wider MAJIN-TERB2-TERB1 complex and its interactions with TRF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James M Dunce
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Amy E Milburn
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Manickam Gurusaran
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Irene da Cruz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lee T Sen
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ricardo Benavente
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Owen R Davies
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Structured illumination microscopy imaging reveals localization of replication protein A between chromosome lateral elements during mammalian meiosis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30154456 PMCID: PMC6113238 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0139-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An important event enabling meiotic prophase I to proceed is the close juxtaposition of conjoined chromosome axes of homologs and their assembly via an array of transverse filaments and meiosis-specific axial elements into the synaptonemal complex (SC). During meiosis, recombination requires the establishment of a platform for recombinational interactions between the chromosome axes and their subsequent stabilization. This is essential for ensuring crossover recombination and proper segregation of homologous chromosomes. Thus, well-established SCs are essential for supporting these processes. The regulation of recombination intermediates on the chromosome axis/SC and dynamic positioning of double-strand breaks are not well understood. Here, using super-resolution microscopy (structured illumination microscopy), we determined the localization of the replication protein A (RPA) complex on the chromosome axes in the early phase of leptonema/zygonema and within the CEs of SC in the pachynema during meiotic prophase in mouse spermatocytes. RPA, which marks the intermediate steps of pairing and recombination, appears in large numbers and is positioned on the chromosome axes at the zygonema. In the pachynema, RPA foci are reduced but do not completely disappear; instead, they are placed between lateral elements. Our results reveal the precise structure of SC and localization dynamics of recombination intermediates on meiocyte chromosomes undergoing homolog pairing and meiotic recombination.
Collapse
|
28
|
Enguita-Marruedo A, Van Cappellen WA, Hoogerbrugge JW, Carofiglio F, Wassenaar E, Slotman JA, Houtsmuller A, Baarends WM. Live cell analyses of synaptonemal complex dynamics and chromosome movements in cultured mouse testis tubules and embryonic ovaries. Chromosoma 2018; 127:341-359. [PMID: 29582139 PMCID: PMC6096571 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-018-0668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During mammalian meiotic prophase, homologous chromosomes connect through the formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC). SYCP3 is a component of the lateral elements of the SC. We have generated transgenic mice expressing N- or C-terminal fluorescent-tagged SYCP3 (mCherry-SYCP3 (CSYCP) and SYCP3-mCherry (SYCPC)) to study SC dynamics and chromosome movements in vivo. Neither transgene rescued meiotic aberrations in Sycp3 knockouts, but CSYCP could form short axial element-like structures in the absence of endogenous SYCP3. On the wild-type background, both fusion proteins localized to the axes of the SC together with endogenous SYCP3, albeit with delayed initiation (from pachytene) in spermatocytes. Around 40% of CSYCP and SYCPC that accumulated on the SC was rapidly exchanging with other tagged proteins, as analyzed by fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) assay. We used the CSYCP transgenic mice for further live cell analyses and observed synchronized bouquet configurations in living cysts of two or three zygotene oocyte nuclei expressing CSYCP, which presented cycles of telomere clustering and dissolution. Rapid chromosome movements were observed in both zygotene oocytes and pachytene spermatocytes, but rotational movements of the nucleus were more clear in oocytes. In diplotene spermatocytes, desynapsis was found to proceed in a discontinuous manner, whereby even brief chromosome re-association events were observed. Thus, this live imaging approach can be used to follow changes in the dynamic behavior of the nucleus and chromatin, in normal mice and different infertile mouse models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Enguita-Marruedo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wiggert A Van Cappellen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos W Hoogerbrugge
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Carofiglio
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evelyne Wassenaar
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan A Slotman
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan Houtsmuller
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Optical Imaging Centre, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy M Baarends
- Department of Developmental Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Biswas U, Stevense M, Jessberger R. SMC1α Substitutes for Many Meiotic Functions of SMC1β but Cannot Protect Telomeres from Damage. Curr Biol 2018; 28:249-261.e4. [PMID: 29337080 PMCID: PMC5788747 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cohesin complex is built upon the SMC1/SMC3 heterodimer, and mammalian meiocytes feature two variants of SMC1 named SMC1α and SMC1β. It is unclear why these two SMC1 variants have evolved. To determine unique versus redundant functions of SMC1β, we asked which of the known functions of SMC1β can be fulfilled by SMC1α. Smc1α was expressed under control of the Smc1β promoter in either wild-type or SMC1β-deficient mice. No effect was seen in the former. However, several major phenotypes of SMC1β-deficient spermatocytes were rescued by SMC1α. We observed extended development before apoptosis and restoration of axial element and synaptonemal complex lengths, chromosome synapsis, sex body formation, processing of DNA double-strand breaks, and formation of MLH1 recombination foci. This supports the concept that the quantity rather than the specific quality of cohesin complexes is decisive for meiotic chromosome architecture. It also suggests plasticity in complex composition, because to replace SMC1β in many functions, SMC1α has to more extensively associate with other cohesins. The cells did not complete meiosis but died to the latest at the pachytene-to-diplotene transition. Telomere aberrations known from Smc1β−/− mice persisted, and DNA damage response and repair proteins accumulated there regardless of expression of SMC1α. Thus, whereas SMC1α can substitute for SMC1β in many functions, the protection of telomere integrity requires SMC1β. SMC1α can substitute for SMC1β in many meiotic functions Key for many meiotic functions is the quantity of cohesin, not the specific type Telomere integrity can be preserved only by SMC1β In the absence of SMC1β, a DNA damage response is triggered at telomeres
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michelle Stevense
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang J, Tu Z, Watanabe Y, Shibuya H. Distinct TERB1 Domains Regulate Different Protein Interactions in Meiotic Telomere Movement. Cell Rep 2017; 21:1715-1726. [PMID: 29141207 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic telomeres attach to the nuclear envelope (NE) and drive the chromosome movement required for the pairing of homologous chromosomes. The meiosis-specific telomere proteins TERB1, TERB2, and MAJIN are required to regulate these events, but their assembly processes are largely unknown. Here, we developed a germ-cell-specific knockout mouse of the canonical telomere-binding protein TRF1 and revealed an essential role for TRF1 in directing the assembly of TERB1-TERB2-MAJIN. Further, we identified a TERB2 binding (T2B) domain in TERB1 that is dispensable for the TRF1-TERB1 interaction but is essential for the subsequent TERB1-TERB2 interaction and therefore for telomere attachment to the NE. Meanwhile, cohesin recruitment at telomeres, which is required for efficient telomere movement, is mediated by the MYB-like domain of TERB1, but not by TERB2-MAJIN. Our results reveal distinct protein interactions through various domains of TERB1, which enable the sequential assembly of the meiotic telomere complex for their movements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhaowei Tu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shibuya
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yi F, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu H, Li X, Bai N, Cao L, Song X. Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes protein 1: Role in Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1092-1099. [PMID: 28924389 PMCID: PMC5599913 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.21206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
SMC1 (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes protein 1), well known as one of the SMC superfamily members, has been explored to function in many activities including chromosome dynamics, cell cycle checkpoint, DNA damage repair and genome stability. Upon being properly assembled as part of cohesin, SMC1 can be phosphorylated by ATM and mediate downstream DNA damage repair after ionizing irradiation. Abnormal gene expression or mutation of SMC1 can cause defect in the DNA damage repair pathway, which has been strongly associated with tumorigenesis. Here we focus to discuss SMC1's role in genome stability maintenance and tumorigenesis. Deciphering the underlying molecular mechanism can provide insight into novel strategies for cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yi
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hongde Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoman Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ning Bai
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education; Institute of Translational Medicine, China Medical University; Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Aging Related Disease Diagnosis and Treatment and Prevention, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
He WB, Banerjee S, Meng LL, Du J, Gong F, Huang H, Zhang XX, Wang YY, Lu GX, Lin G, Tan YQ. Whole-exome sequencing identifies a homozygous donor splice-site mutation in STAG3 that causes primary ovarian insufficiency. Clin Genet 2017; 93:340-344. [PMID: 28393351 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the depletion or loss of normal ovarian function, which cause infertility in women before the age of 40 years. Two homozygous germline truncation mutations in STAG3 gene had been reported to causes POI in consanguineous families. Here, we aimed to identify the genetic cause of POI in 2 affected sisters manifested with primary amenorrhea and partial development of secondary sexual characters with normal range of height of a consanguineous Han Chinese family. Whole-exome and Sanger sequencing identified a homozygous donor splice-site mutation (NM_012447.2: c.1573+5G>A) in the STAG3 gene. RT-PCR revealed that the mutation causes loss of wild-type donor splice-site which leads to aberrant splicing of STAG3 mRNA and consecutive formation of STAG3 alternative transcript (p.Leu490Thrfs*10) . This is the first report of splice-site mutation of STAG3 gene causes POI in 2 Han Chinese patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W-B He
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - S Banerjee
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - L-L Meng
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - J Du
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - F Gong
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - H Huang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - X-X Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-Y Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - G-X Lu
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - G Lin
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-Q Tan
- Institute of Reproduction and Stem Cell Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China.,Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-Xiangya, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Miao Y, Zhou C, Cui Z, Dai X, Zhang M, Lu Y, Xiong B. Smc1β is required for activation of SAC during mouse oocyte meiosis. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:536-544. [PMID: 28118058 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1282583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Smc1β is a meiosis-specific cohesin subunit that is essential for sister chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination. Previous studies have shown that Smc1β-deficient mice in both sexes are sterile. Ablation of Smc1β during male meiosis leads to the blockage of spermatogenesis in pachytene stage, and ablation of Smc1β during female meiosis generates a highly error-prone oocyte although it could develop to metaphase II stage. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding how Smc1β maintains the correct meiotic progression in mouse oocytes have not been clearly defined. Here, we find that GFP-fused Smc1β is expressed and localized to the chromosomes from GV to MII stages during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. Knockdown of Smc1β by microinjection of gene-specific morpholino causes the impaired spindle apparatus and chromosome alignment which are highly correlated with the defective kinetochore-microtubule attachments, consequently resulting in a prominently higher incidence of aneuploid eggs. In addition, the premature extrusion of polar bodies and escape of metaphase I arrest induced by low dose of nocodazole treatment in Smc1β-depleted oocytes indicates that Smc1β is essential for activation of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activity. Collectively, we identify a novel function of Smc1β as a SAC participant beyond its role in chromosome cohesion during mouse oocyte meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Miao
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Changyin Zhou
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Zhaokang Cui
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaoxin Dai
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Mianqun Zhang
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yajuan Lu
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| | - Bo Xiong
- a College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing , China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stevense M, Jessberger R, Tóth A. Protein and Chromosome Analysis in Mammalian Meiocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1515:97-111. [PMID: 27797075 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6545-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Meiosis is a highly specialized cell division that facilitates the production of haploid gametes from diploid mother cells. It is characterized by unique chromatin structures and chromatin associated protein complexes. The analysis of these structures and complexes has greatly benefited from and relied on the visualization of meiotic proteins in diverse preparations of meiocytes. In this chapter we summarize methods that can be used for the characterization of the behavior and localization of meiotic proteins in mammalian meiocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Stevense
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kleppe L, Edvardsen RB, Furmanek T, Andersson E, Juanchich A, Wargelius A. bmp15l,figla,smc1bl, andlarp6lare preferentially expressed in germ cells in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salarL.). Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 84:76-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
36
|
Biswas U, Hempel K, Llano E, Pendas A, Jessberger R. Distinct Roles of Meiosis-Specific Cohesin Complexes in Mammalian Spermatogenesis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006389. [PMID: 27792785 PMCID: PMC5085059 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian meiocytes feature four meiosis-specific cohesin proteins in addition to ubiquitous ones, but the roles of the individual cohesin complexes are incompletely understood. To decipher the functions of the two meiosis-specific kleisins, REC8 or RAD21L, together with the only meiosis-specific SMC protein SMC1β, we generated Smc1β-/-Rec8-/- and Smc1β-/-Rad21L-/- mouse mutants. Analysis of spermatocyte chromosomes revealed that besides SMC1β complexes, SMC1α/RAD21 and to a small extent SMC1α/REC8 contribute to chromosome axis length. Removal of SMC1β and RAD21L almost completely abolishes all chromosome axes. The sex chromosomes do not pair in single or double mutants, and autosomal synapsis is impaired in all mutants. Super resolution microscopy revealed synapsis-associated SYCP1 aberrantly deposited between sister chromatids and on single chromatids in Smc1β-/-Rad21L-/- cells. All mutants show telomere length reduction and structural disruptions, while wild-type telomeres feature a circular TRF2 structure reminiscent of t-loops. There is no loss of centromeric cohesion in both double mutants at leptonema/early zygonema, indicating that, at least in the mutant backgrounds, an SMC1α/RAD21 complex provides centromeric cohesion at this early stage. Thus, in early prophase I the most prominent roles of the meiosis-specific cohesins are in axis-related features such as axis length, synapsis and telomere integrity rather than centromeric cohesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uddipta Biswas
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Elena Llano
- Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Pendas
- Centro de Investigacion del Cancer (CSIC-USAL), Campus Miguel de Unamuno, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ward A, Hopkins J, Mckay M, Murray S, Jordan PW. Genetic Interactions Between the Meiosis-Specific Cohesin Components, STAG3, REC8, and RAD21L. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2016; 6:1713-24. [PMID: 27172213 PMCID: PMC4889667 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.029462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cohesin is an essential structural component of chromosomes that ensures accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Previous studies have shown that there are cohesin complexes specific to meiosis, required to mediate homologous chromosome pairing, synapsis, recombination, and segregation. Meiosis-specific cohesin complexes consist of two structural maintenance of chromosomes proteins (SMC1α/SMC1β and SMC3), an α-kleisin protein (RAD21, RAD21L, or REC8), and a stromal antigen protein (STAG1, 2, or 3). STAG3 is exclusively expressed during meiosis, and is the predominant STAG protein component of cohesin complexes in primary spermatocytes from mouse, interacting directly with each α-kleisin subunit. REC8 and RAD21L are also meiosis-specific cohesin components. Stag3 mutant spermatocytes arrest in early prophase ("zygotene-like" stage), displaying failed homolog synapsis and persistent DNA damage, as a result of unstable loading of cohesin onto the chromosome axes. Interestingly, Rec8, Rad21L double mutants resulted in an earlier "leptotene-like" arrest, accompanied by complete absence of STAG3 loading. To assess genetic interactions between STAG3 and α-kleisin subunits RAD21L and REC8, our lab generated Stag3, Rad21L, and Stag3, Rec8 double knockout mice, and compared them to the Rec8, Rad21L double mutant. These double mutants are phenotypically distinct from one another, and more severe than each single knockout mutant with regards to chromosome axis formation, cohesin loading, and sister chromatid cohesion. The Stag3, Rad21L, and Stag3, Rec8 double mutants both progress further into prophase I than the Rec8, Rad21L double mutant. Our genetic analysis demonstrates that cohesins containing STAG3 and REC8 are the main complex required for centromeric cohesion, and RAD21L cohesins are required for normal clustering of pericentromeric heterochromatin. Furthermore, the STAG3/REC8 and STAG3/RAD21L cohesins are the primary cohesins required for axis formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayobami Ward
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Jessica Hopkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | | | | | - Philip W Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ortiz R, Kouznetsova A, Echeverría-Martínez OM, Vázquez-Nin GH, Hernández-Hernández A. The width of the lateral element of the synaptonemal complex is determined by a multilayered organization of its components. Exp Cell Res 2016; 344:22-29. [PMID: 27090018 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure that holds the homologous chromosomes in close proximity while they exchange genetic material in a process known as meiotic recombination. This meiotic recombination leads to genetic variability in sexually reproducing organisms. The ultrastructure of the SC is studied by electron microscopy and it is observed as a tripartite structure. Two lateral elements (LE) separated by a central region (CR) confer its classical tripartite organization. The LEs are the anchoring platform for the replicated homologous chromosomes to properly exchange genetic material with one another. An accurate assembly of the LE is indispensable for the proper completion of meiosis. Ultrastructural studies suggested that the LE is organized as a multilayered unit. However, no validation of this model has been previously provided. In this ultrastructural study, by using mice with different genetic backgrounds that affect the LE width, we provide further evidence that support a multilayered organization of the LE. Additionally, we provide data suggesting additional roles of the different cohesin complex components in the structure of the LEs of the SC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México.
| | - Anna Kouznetsova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 35, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Olga M Echeverría-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México.
| | - Gerardo H Vázquez-Nin
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, México.
| | - Abrahan Hernández-Hernández
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Berzelius väg 35, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
E-type cyclins modulate telomere integrity in mammalian male meiosis. Chromosoma 2015; 125:253-64. [PMID: 26712234 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that E-type cyclins are key regulators of mammalian male meiosis. Depletion of cyclin E2 reduced fertility in male mice due to meiotic defects, involving abnormal pairing and synapsis, unrepaired DNA, and loss of telomere structure. These defects were exacerbated by additional loss of cyclin E1, and complete absence of both E-type cyclins produces a meiotic catastrophe. Here, we investigated the involvement of E-type cyclins in maintaining telomere integrity in male meiosis. Spermatocytes lacking cyclin E2 and one E1 allele (E1+/-E2-/-) displayed a high rate of telomere abnormalities but can progress to pachytene and diplotene stages. We show that their telomeres exhibited an aberrant DNA damage repair response during pachynema and that the shelterin complex proteins TRF2 and RAP2 were significantly decreased in the proximal telomeres. Moreover, the insufficient level of these proteins correlated with an increase of γ-H2AX foci in the affected telomeres and resulted in telomere associations involving TRF1 and telomere detachment in later prophase-I stages. These results suggest that E-type cyclins are key modulators of telomere integrity during meiosis by, at least in part, maintaining the balance of shelterin complex proteins, and uncover a novel role of E-type cyclins in regulating chromosome structure during male meiosis.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mannini L, Cucco F, Quarantotti V, Amato C, Tinti M, Tana L, Frattini A, Delia D, Krantz ID, Jessberger R, Musio A. SMC1B is present in mammalian somatic cells and interacts with mitotic cohesin proteins. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18472. [PMID: 26673124 PMCID: PMC4682075 DOI: 10.1038/srep18472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohesin is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex that plays a role in many biological processes: it ensures faithful chromosome segregation, regulates gene expression and preserves genome stability. In mammalian cells, the mitotic cohesin complex consists of two structural maintenance of chromosome proteins, SMC1A and SMC3, the kleisin protein RAD21 and a fourth subunit either STAG1 or STAG2. Meiotic paralogs in mammals were reported for SMC1A, RAD21 and STAG1/STAG2 and are called SMC1B, REC8 and STAG3 respectively. It is believed that SMC1B is only a meiotic-specific cohesin member, required for sister chromatid pairing and for preventing telomere shortening. Here we show that SMC1B is also expressed in somatic mammalian cells and is a member of a mitotic cohesin complex. In addition, SMC1B safeguards genome stability following irradiation whereas its ablation has no effect on chromosome segregation. Finally, unexpectedly SMC1B depletion impairs gene transcription, particularly at genes mapping to clusters such as HOX and PCDHB. Genome-wide analyses show that cluster genes changing in expression are enriched for cohesin-SMC1B binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Mannini
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Cucco
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Quarantotti
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Amato
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mara Tinti
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigi Tana
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, U.O. Fisica Sanitaria, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annalisa Frattini
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Domenico Delia
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Department of Experimental Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian D. Krantz
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonio Musio
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Telomere homeostasis in mammalian germ cells: a review. Chromosoma 2015; 125:337-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
42
|
Viera A, Alsheimer M, Gómez R, Berenguer I, Ortega S, Symonds CE, Santamaría D, Benavente R, Suja JA. CDK2 regulates nuclear envelope protein dynamics and telomere attachment in mouse meiotic prophase. J Cell Sci 2014; 128:88-99. [PMID: 25380821 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.154922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In most organisms, telomeres attach to the nuclear envelope at the onset of meiosis to promote the crucial processes of pairing, recombination and synapsis during prophase I. This attachment of meiotic telomeres is mediated by the specific distribution of several nuclear envelope components that interact with the attachment plates of the synaptonemal complex. We have determined by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy that the ablation of the kinase CDK2 alters the nuclear envelope in mouse spermatocytes, and that the proteins SUN1, KASH5 (also known as CCDC155) and lamin C2 show an abnormal cap-like distribution facing the centrosome. Strikingly, some telomeres are not attached to the nuclear envelope but remain at the nuclear interior where they are associated with SUN1 and with nuclear-envelope-detached vesicles. We also demonstrate that mouse testis CDK2 phosphorylates SUN1 in vitro. We propose that during mammalian prophase I the kinase CDK2 is a key factor governing the structure of the nuclear envelope and the telomere-led chromosome movements essential for homolog pairing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Viera
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manfred Alsheimer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Berenguer
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Biotechnology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine E Symonds
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Santamaría
- Molecular Oncology Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Benavente
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - José A Suja
- Unidad de Biología Celular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jahn D, Schramm S, Benavente R, Alsheimer M. Dynamic properties of meiosis-specific lamin C2 and its impact on nuclear envelope integrity. Nucleus 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/nucl.11800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
44
|
de la Fuente R, Manterola M, Viera A, Parra MT, Alsheimer M, Rufas JS, Page J. Chromatin organization and remodeling of interstitial telomeric sites during meiosis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Genetics 2014; 197:1137-51. [PMID: 24907260 PMCID: PMC4125389 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.166421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeric DNA repeats are key features of chromosomes that allow the maintenance of integrity and stability in the telomeres. However, interstitial telomere sites (ITSs) can also be found along the chromosomes, especially near the centromere, where they may appear following chromosomal rearrangements like Robertsonian translocations. There is no defined role for ITSs, but they are linked to DNA damage-prone sites. We were interested in studying the structural organization of ITSs during meiosis, a kind of cell division in which programmed DNA damage events and noticeable chromatin reorganizations occur. Here we describe the presence of highly amplified ITSs in the pericentromeric region of Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) chromosomes. During meiosis, ITSs show a different chromatin conformation than DNA repeats at telomeres, appearing more extended and accumulating heterochromatin markers. Interestingly, ITSs also recruit the telomeric proteins RAP1 and TRF1, but in a stage-dependent manner, appearing mainly at late prophase I stages. We did not find a specific accumulation of DNA repair factors to the ITSs, such as γH2AX or RAD51 at these stages, but we could detect the presence of MLH1, a marker for reciprocal recombination. However, contrary to previous reports, we did not find a specific accumulation of crossovers at ITSs. Intriguingly, some centromeric regions of metacentric chromosomes may bind the nuclear envelope through the association to SUN1 protein, a feature usually performed by telomeres. Therefore, ITSs present a particular and dynamic chromatin configuration in meiosis, which could be involved in maintaining their genetic stability, but they additionally retain some features of distal telomeres, provided by their capability to associate to telomere-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcia Manterola
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Alberto Viera
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Teresa Parra
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Manfred Alsheimer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg D-97074, Germany
| | - Julio S Rufas
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Jesús Page
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Hopkins J, Hwang G, Jacob J, Sapp N, Bedigian R, Oka K, Overbeek P, Murray S, Jordan PW. Meiosis-specific cohesin component, Stag3 is essential for maintaining centromere chromatid cohesion, and required for DNA repair and synapsis between homologous chromosomes. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004413. [PMID: 24992337 PMCID: PMC4081007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesins are important for chromosome structure and chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Cohesins are composed of two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC1-SMC3) proteins that form a V-shaped heterodimer structure, which is bridged by a α-kleisin protein and a stromal antigen (STAG) protein. Previous studies in mouse have shown that there is one SMC1 protein (SMC1β), two α-kleisins (RAD21L and REC8) and one STAG protein (STAG3) that are meiosis-specific. During meiosis, homologous chromosomes must recombine with one another in the context of a tripartite structure known as the synaptonemal complex (SC). From interaction studies, it has been shown that there are at least four meiosis-specific forms of cohesin, which together with the mitotic cohesin complex, are lateral components of the SC. STAG3 is the only meiosis-specific subunit that is represented within all four meiosis-specific cohesin complexes. In Stag3 mutant germ cells, the protein level of other meiosis-specific cohesin subunits (SMC1β, RAD21L and REC8) is reduced, and their localization to chromosome axes is disrupted. In contrast, the mitotic cohesin complex remains intact and localizes robustly to the meiotic chromosome axes. The instability of meiosis-specific cohesins observed in Stag3 mutants results in aberrant DNA repair processes, and disruption of synapsis between homologous chromosomes. Furthermore, mutation of Stag3 results in perturbation of pericentromeric heterochromatin clustering, and disruption of centromere cohesion between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase. These defects result in early prophase I arrest and apoptosis in both male and female germ cells. The meiotic defects observed in Stag3 mutants are more severe when compared to single mutants for Smc1β, Rec8 and Rad21l, however they are not as severe as the Rec8, Rad21l double mutants. Taken together, our study demonstrates that STAG3 is required for the stability of all meiosis-specific cohesin complexes. Furthermore, our data suggests that STAG3 is required for structural changes of chromosomes that mediate chromosome pairing and synapsis, DNA repair and progression of meiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Hopkins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Grace Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Justin Jacob
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicklas Sapp
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rick Bedigian
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Kazuhiro Oka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paul Overbeek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Steve Murray
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Jordan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Winters T, McNicoll F, Jessberger R. Meiotic cohesin STAG3 is required for chromosome axis formation and sister chromatid cohesion. EMBO J 2014; 33:1256-70. [PMID: 24797474 PMCID: PMC4198028 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201387330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The cohesin complex is essential for mitosis and meiosis. The specific meiotic roles of individual cohesin proteins are incompletely understood. We report in vivo functions of the only meiosis-specific STAG component of cohesin, STAG3. Newly generated STAG3-deficient mice of both sexes are sterile with meiotic arrest. In these mice, meiotic chromosome architecture is severely disrupted as no bona fide axial elements (AE) form and homologous chromosomes do not synapse. Axial element protein SYCP3 forms dot-like structures, many partially overlapping with centromeres. Asynapsis marker HORMAD1 is diffusely distributed throughout the chromatin, and SYCP1, which normally marks synapsed axes, is largely absent. Centromeric and telomeric sister chromatid cohesion are impaired. Centromere and telomere clustering occurs in the absence of STAG3, and telomere structure is not severely affected. Other cohesin proteins are present, localize throughout the STAG3-devoid chromatin, and form complexes with cohesin SMC1β. No other deficiency in a single meiosis-specific cohesin causes a phenotype as drastic as STAG3 deficiency. STAG3 emerges as the key STAG cohesin involved in major functions of meiotic cohesin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Winters
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Francois McNicoll
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiological Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fukuda T, Fukuda N, Agostinho A, Hernández-Hernández A, Kouznetsova A, Höög C. STAG3-mediated stabilization of REC8 cohesin complexes promotes chromosome synapsis during meiosis. EMBO J 2014; 33:1243-55. [PMID: 24797475 PMCID: PMC4198027 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201387329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cohesion between sister chromatids in mitotic and meiotic cells is promoted by a ring-shaped protein structure, the cohesin complex. The cohesin core complex is composed of four subunits, including two structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins, one α-kleisin protein, and one SA protein. Meiotic cells express both mitotic and meiosis-specific cohesin core subunits, generating cohesin complexes with different subunit composition and possibly separate meiotic functions. Here, we have analyzed the in vivo function of STAG3, a vertebrate meiosis-specific SA protein. Mice with a hypomorphic allele of Stag3, which display a severely reduced level of STAG3, are viable but infertile. We show that meiocytes in homozygous mutant Stag3 mice display chromosome axis compaction, aberrant synapsis, impaired recombination and developmental arrest. We find that the three different α-kleisins present in meiotic cells show different dosage-dependent requirements for STAG3 and that STAG3-REC8 cohesin complexes have a critical role in supporting meiotic chromosome structure and functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fukuda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara, Japan Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nanaho Fukuda
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ana Agostinho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Kouznetsova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christer Höög
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
During meiosis, rapid chromosome movements within the nucleus enable homologous chromosomes to acquire physical juxtaposition. In most organisms, chromosome ends, telomeres, tethered to the transmembrane LINC-complex mediate this movement by transmitting cytoskeletal forces to the chromosomes. While the majority of molecular studies have been performed using lower eukaryotes as model systems, recent studies have identified mammalian meiotic telomere regulators, including the LINC-complex SUN1/KASH5 and the meiosis-specific telomere binding protein TERB1. This review highlights the molecular regulations of mammalian meiotic telomeres in comparison with other model systems and discusses some future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Shibuya
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Watanabe
- Laboratory of Chromosome Dynamics; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Daniel K, Tränkner D, Wojtasz L, Shibuya H, Watanabe Y, Alsheimer M, Tóth A. Mouse CCDC79 (TERB1) is a meiosis-specific telomere associated protein. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:17. [PMID: 24885367 PMCID: PMC4038382 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Telomeres have crucial meiosis-specific roles in the orderly reduction of chromosome numbers and in ensuring the integrity of the genome during meiosis. One such role is the attachment of telomeres to trans-nuclear envelope protein complexes that connect telomeres to motor proteins in the cytoplasm. These trans-nuclear envelope connections between telomeres and cytoplasmic motor proteins permit the active movement of telomeres and chromosomes during the first meiotic prophase. Movements of chromosomes/telomeres facilitate the meiotic recombination process, and allow high fidelity pairing of homologous chromosomes. Pairing of homologous chromosomes is a prerequisite for their correct segregation during the first meiotic division. Although inner-nuclear envelope proteins, such as SUN1 and potentially SUN2, are known to bind and recruit meiotic telomeres, these proteins are not meiosis-specific, therefore cannot solely account for telomere-nuclear envelope attachment and/or for other meiosis-specific characteristics of telomeres in mammals. Results We identify CCDC79, alternatively named TERB1, as a meiosis-specific protein that localizes to telomeres from leptotene to diplotene stages of the first meiotic prophase. CCDC79 and SUN1 associate with telomeres almost concurrently at the onset of prophase, indicating a possible role for CCDC79 in telomere-nuclear envelope interactions and/or telomere movements. Consistent with this scenario, CCDC79 is missing from most telomeres that fail to connect to SUN1 protein in spermatocytes lacking the meiosis-specific cohesin SMC1B. SMC1B-deficient spermatocytes display both reduced efficiency in telomere-nuclear envelope attachment and reduced stability of telomeres specifically during meiotic prophase. Importantly, CCDC79 associates with telomeres in SUN1-deficient spermatocytes, which strongly indicates that localization of CCDC79 to telomeres does not require telomere-nuclear envelope attachment. Conclusion CCDC79 is a meiosis-specific telomere associated protein. Based on our findings we propose that CCDC79 plays a role in meiosis-specific telomere functions. In particular, we favour the possibility that CCDC79 is involved in telomere-nuclear envelope attachment and/or the stabilization of meiotic telomeres. These conclusions are consistent with the findings of an independently initiated study that analysed CCDC79/TERB1 functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Attila Tóth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstr, 42, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Reig-Viader R, Vila-Cejudo M, Vitelli V, Buscà R, Sabaté M, Giulotto E, Caldés MG, Ruiz-Herrera A. Telomeric Repeat-Containing RNA (TERRA) and Telomerase Are Components of Telomeres During Mammalian Gametogenesis1. Biol Reprod 2014; 90:103. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
|