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Song Z, Miao J, Miao M, Cheng B, Li S, Liu Y, Miao Q, Li Q, Gao M. Cathepsin K-Activated Probe for Fluoro-Photoacoustic Imaging of Early Osteolytic Metastasis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300217. [PMID: 37341286 PMCID: PMC10460880 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Precise detection of early osteolytic metastases is crucial for their treatment but remains challenging in the clinic because of the limited sensitivity and specificity of traditional imaging techniques. Although fluorescence imaging offers attractive features for the diagnosis of osteolytic metastases, it is hampered by limited penetration depth. To address this issue, a fluoro-photoacoustic dual-modality imaging probe comprising a near-infrared dye caged by a cathepsin K (CTSK)-cleavable peptide sequence on one side and functionalized with osteophilic alendronate through a polyethylene glycol linker on the other side is reported. Through systematic in vitro and in vivo experiments, it is demonstrated that in response to CTSK, the probe generated both near-infrared fluorescent and photoacoustic signals from bone metastatic regions, thus offering a potential strategy for detecting deep-seated early osteolytic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuorun Song
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Jia Miao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Minqian Miao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Baoliang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Shenhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Yinghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSchool for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD‐X)Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
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2
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Guyonnet E, Kim SJ, Pullella K, Zhang CXW, McCuaig JM, Armel S, Narod SA, Kotsopoulos J. Vitamin D and Calcium Supplement Use and High-Risk Breast Cancer: A Case-Control Study among BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2790. [PMID: 37345127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of vitamin D and calcium use in the development of breast cancer among women in the general population is not clear. Furthermore, whether vitamin D and calcium supplement use are associated with breast cancer in high-risk populations has not been evaluated. Thus, we evaluated the association between vitamin D and/or calcium supplement use and breast cancer among women with a pathogenic variant (mutation) in BRCA1 or BRCA2. BRCA mutation carriers enrolled in a longitudinal study were invited to complete a supplemental questionnaire on lifetime supplement use. Cases included women with a prevalent diagnosis of invasive breast cancer, and controls had no history of breast cancer. Vitamin D and calcium use were categorized as never/ever use, and as tertiles of supplement intake (total average daily supplement use). Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of breast cancer. This study included 134 breast cancer cases and 276 controls. Women who used vitamin D-containing supplements had 46% lower odds of having breast cancer compared to those who never used supplements (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.31, 0.91; p = 0.02). Increasing vitamin D and calcium supplement intake was inversely associated with the odds of having breast cancer (p-trend = 0.04). Findings were suggestively stronger among BRCA1 mutation carriers; however, analyses were limited by small strata. These findings suggest a potential inverse association between vitamin D and calcium supplementation and BRCA breast cancer. Additional studies are warranted to confirm these findings and accurately inform clinical care guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guyonnet
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shana J Kim
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Katherine Pullella
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cindy X W Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jeanna M McCuaig
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Susan Armel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1N8, Canada
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada
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3
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Martino J, Siri SO, Calzetta NL, Paviolo NS, Garro C, Pansa MF, Carbajosa S, Brown AC, Bocco JL, Gloger I, Drewes G, Madauss KP, Soria G, Gottifredi V. Inhibitors of Rho kinases (ROCK) induce multiple mitotic defects and synthetic lethality in BRCA2-deficient cells. eLife 2023; 12:e80254. [PMID: 37073955 PMCID: PMC10185344 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The trapping of Poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) on DNA caused by PARP inhibitors (PARPi) triggers acute DNA replication stress and synthetic lethality (SL) in BRCA2-deficient cells. Hence, DNA damage is accepted as a prerequisite for SL in BRCA2-deficient cells. In contrast, here we show that inhibiting ROCK in BRCA2-deficient cells triggers SL independently from acute replication stress. Such SL is preceded by polyploidy and binucleation resulting from cytokinesis failure. Such initial mitosis abnormalities are followed by other M phase defects, including anaphase bridges and abnormal mitotic figures associated with multipolar spindles, supernumerary centrosomes and multinucleation. SL was also triggered by inhibiting Citron Rho-interacting kinase, another enzyme that, similarly to ROCK, regulates cytokinesis. Together, these observations demonstrate that cytokinesis failure triggers mitotic abnormalities and SL in BRCA2-deficient cells. Furthermore, the prevention of mitotic entry by depletion of Early mitotic inhibitor 1 (EMI1) augmented the survival of BRCA2-deficient cells treated with ROCK inhibitors, thus reinforcing the association between M phase and cell death in BRCA2-deficient cells. This novel SL differs from the one triggered by PARPi and uncovers mitosis as an Achilles heel of BRCA2-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cintia Garro
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
| | - Maria F Pansa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Sofía Carbajosa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
| | - Aaron C Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research InstituteScarboroughUnited States
| | - José Luis Bocco
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
| | - Israel Gloger
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerard Drewes
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DStevenageUnited Kingdom
| | - Kevin P Madauss
- GlaxoSmithKline-Trust in Science, Global Health R&DUpper ProvidenceUnited States
| | - Gastón Soria
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, CIBICI-CONICET, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdobaArgentina
- OncoPrecisionCórdobaArgentina
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Okunola AO, Baatjes KJ, Zemlin AE, Torrorey-Sawe R, Conradie M, Kidd M, Erasmus RT, van der Merwe NC, Kotze MJ. Pathology-supported genetic testing for the application of breast cancer pharmacodiagnostics: family counselling, lifestyle adjustments and change of medication. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:431-443. [PMID: 37060281 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2203815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathology-supported genetic testing (PSGT) enables transitioning of risk stratification from the study population to the individual. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We provide an overview of the translational research performed in postmenopausal breast cancer patients at increased risk of osteoporosis due to aromatase inhibitor therapy, as the indication for referral. Both tumour histopathology and blood biochemistry levels were assessed to identify actionable disease pathways using whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS The causes and consequences of inadequate vitamin D levels as a modifiable risk factor for bone loss were highlighted in 116 patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Comparison of lifestyle factors and WES data between cases with vitamin D levels at extreme upper and lower ranges identified obesity as a major discriminating factor, with the lowest levels recorded during winter. Functional polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene contributed independently to therapy-related osteoporosis risk. In a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma, genetic counselling facilitated investigation of the potential modifying effect of a rare CDH1 variant co-occurring withBRCA1 c.66dup (p.Glu23ArgfsTer18). CONCLUSION Validation of PSGT as a three-pronged pharmacodiagnostics tool for generation of adaptive reports and data reinterpretation during follow-up represents a new paradigm in personalised medicine, exposing significant limitations to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abisola O Okunola
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karin J Baatjes
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annalise E Zemlin
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and the National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rispah Torrorey-Sawe
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Magda Conradie
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Kidd
- Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Rajiv T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nerina C van der Merwe
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Maritha J Kotze
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and the National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Gaikwad P, Kemp MG. Cathepsin L inhibition prevents the cleavage of multiple nuclear proteins upon lysis of quiescent human cells. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000716. [PMID: 36606083 PMCID: PMC9807461 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have indicated a role for cathepsin L (CTSL) proteolytic activity in the nucleus under distinct cellular conditions, including during differentiation, senescence, and quiescence. Here we show that addition of CTSL inhibitors to a cell lysis buffer prevents the cleavage of several nuclear proteins during the lysis of quiescent human cells, including proteins previously thought to have functional relevance in other cell and tissue contexts. These findings suggest that care should be taken to use CTSL inhibitors when lysing cells and tissues containing high levels of CTSL protein to differentiate proteolysis that occurs in vivo versus artifactually in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmcology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmcology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435
,
Research Service, Dayton VA Medical Center, Dayton, OH 45428
,
Correspondence to: Michael G. Kemp (
)
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6
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Reinheckel T, Tholen M. Low level lysosomal membrane permeabilization for limited release and sub-lethal functions of cathepsin proteases in the cytosol and nucleus. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:694-707. [PMID: 35203107 PMCID: PMC8972055 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, lysosomes were purely seen as organelles in charge of garbage disposal within the cell. They destroy any cargo delivered into their lumen with a plethora of highly potent hydrolytic enzymes, including various proteases. In case of damage to their limiting membranes, the lysosomes release their soluble content with detrimental outcomes for the cell. In recent years however, this view of the lysosome changed towards acknowledging it as a platform for integration of manifold intra- and extracellular signals. Even impaired lysosomal membrane integrity is no longer considered to be a one-way street to cell death. Increasing evidence suggests that lysosomal enzymes, mainly cathepsin proteases, can be released in a spatially and temporarily restricted manner that is compatible with cellular survival. This way, cathepsins can act in the cytosol and the nucleus, where they affect important cellular processes such as cell division. Here, we review this evidence and discuss the routes and molecular mechanisms by which the cathepsins may reach their unusual destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Reinheckel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Biological Signaling Studies BIOSS, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martina Tholen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Kos J, Mitrović A, Perišić Nanut M, Pišlar A. Lysosomal peptidases – Intriguing roles in cancer progression and neurodegeneration. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:708-738. [PMID: 35067006 PMCID: PMC8972049 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal peptidases are hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting waste proteins that are targeted to lysosomes via endocytosis and autophagy. Besides intracellular protein catabolism, they play more specific roles in several other cellular processes and pathologies, either within lysosomes, upon secretion into the cell cytoplasm or extracellular space, or bound to the plasma membrane. In cancer, lysosomal peptidases are generally associated with disease progression, as they participate in crucial processes leading to changes in cell morphology, signaling, migration, and invasion, and finally metastasis. However, they can also enhance the mechanisms resulting in cancer regression, such as apoptosis of tumor cells or antitumor immune responses. Lysosomal peptidases have also been identified as hallmarks of aging and neurodegeneration, playing roles in oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal intercellular communication, dysregulated trafficking, and the deposition of protein aggregates in neuronal cells. Furthermore, deficiencies in lysosomal peptidases may result in other pathological states, such as lysosomal storage disease. The aim of this review was to highlight the role of lysosomal peptidases in particular pathological processes of cancer and neurodegeneration and to address the potential of lysosomal peptidases in diagnosing and treating patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kos
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ana Mitrović
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Milica Perišić Nanut
- Jožef Stefan Institute Department of Biotechnology Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Anja Pišlar
- University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Aškerčeva 7 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
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8
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Islam MI, Nagakannan P, Shcholok T, Contu F, Mai S, Albensi BC, Del Bigio MR, Wang J, Sharoar M, Yan R, Park I, Eftekharpour E. Regulatory role of cathepsin L in induction of nuclear laminopathy in Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13531. [PMID: 34905652 PMCID: PMC8761039 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical therapies in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have focused on elimination of extracellular amyloid beta aggregates or prevention of cytoplasmic neuronal fibrillary tangles formation, yet these approaches have been generally ineffective. Interruption of nuclear lamina integrity, or laminopathy, is a newly identified concept in AD pathophysiology. Unraveling the molecular players in the induction of nuclear lamina damage may lead to identification of new therapies. Here, using 3xTg and APP/PS1 mouse models of AD, and in vitro model of amyloid beta42 (Aβ42) toxicity in primary neuronal cultures and SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we have uncovered a key role for cathepsin L in the induction of nuclear lamina damage. The applicability of our findings to AD pathophysiology was validated in brain autopsy samples from patients. We report that upregulation of cathepsin L is an important process in the induction of nuclear lamina damage, shown by lamin B1 cleavage, and is associated with epigenetic modifications in AD pathophysiology. More importantly, pharmacological targeting and genetic knock out of cathepsin L mitigated Aβ42 induced lamin B1 degradation and downstream structural and molecular changes. Affirming these findings, overexpression of cathepsin L alone was sufficient to induce lamin B1 cleavage. The proteolytic activity of cathepsin L on lamin B1 was confirmed using mass spectrometry. Our research identifies cathepsin L as a newly identified lamin B1 protease and mediator of laminopathy observed in AD. These results uncover a new aspect in the pathophysiology of AD that can be pharmacologically prevented, raising hope for potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imamul Islam
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Pandian Nagakannan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Tetiana Shcholok
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Fabio Contu
- Cell Biology Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology CancerCare Manitoba University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Cell Biology Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology CancerCare Manitoba University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Benedict C Albensi
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
- St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale Florida USA
| | - Marc R. Del Bigio
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Pathology Shared Health Manitoba University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Jun‐Feng Wang
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Md Golam Sharoar
- Department of Neuroscience University of Connecticut Health Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Riqiang Yan
- Department of Neuroscience University of Connecticut Health Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Il‐Seon Park
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Chosun University Gwangju South Korea
| | - Eftekhar Eftekharpour
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
- Rady Faculty of Health Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada
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9
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Khan S, Cvammen W, Anabtawi N, Choi JH, Kemp MG. XPA is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage by cathepsin L during lysis of quiescent cells. DNA Repair (Amst) 2022; 109:103260. [PMID: 34883264 PMCID: PMC8748394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein plays an essential role in the removal of UV photoproducts and other bulky lesions from DNA as a component of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. Using cell lysates prepared from confluent cultures of human cells and from human skin epidermis, we observed an additional XPA antibody-reactive band on immunoblots that was approximately 3-4 kDa smaller than the native, full-length XPA protein. Biochemical studies revealed this smaller molecular weight XPA species to be due to proteolysis at the C-terminus of the protein, which negatively impacted the ability of XPA to interact with the NER protein TFIIH. Further work identified the endopeptidase cathepsin L, which is expressed at higher levels in quiescent cells, as the protease responsible for cleaving XPA during cell lysis. These results suggest that supplementation of lysis buffers with inhibitors of cathepsin L is important to prevent cleavage of XPA during lysis of confluent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - William Cvammen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Nadeen Anabtawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio
| | - Jun-Hyuk Choi
- Biometrology Group, Division of Chemical and Biological Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea;,Department of Bio-Analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 305-340, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael G. Kemp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, Ohio;,Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio,To whom correspondence should be addressed:
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10
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Perišić Nanut M, Pečar Fonović U, Jakoš T, Kos J. The Role of Cysteine Peptidases in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation and Modulation of Immune System Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680279. [PMID: 34335582 PMCID: PMC8322073 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are primarily involved in the degradation and recycling of proteins in endo-lysosomal compartments but are also gaining recognition as pivotal proteolytic contributors to various immune functions. Through their extracellular proteolytic activities within the hematopoietic stem cell niche, they are involved in progenitor cell mobilization and differentiation. Cysteine cathepsins, such as cathepsins L and S contribute to antigen-induced adaptive immunity through major histocompatibility complex class II antigen presentation whereas cathepsin X regulates T-cell migration. By regulating toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine secretion cysteine cathepsins activate innate immune cells and affect their functional differentiation. Cathepsins C and H are expressed in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells and are involved in processing of pro-granzymes into proteolytically active forms. Cytoplasmic activities of cathepsins B and L contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis of the adaptive immune response by regulating cell death of T and B lymphocytes. The expression pattern, localization, and activity of cysteine cathepsins is tightly connected to their function in immune cells. Furthermore, cysteine cathepsins together with their endogenous inhibitors, serve as mediators in the interplay between cancer and immune cells that results in immune cell anergy. The aim of the present article is to review the mechanisms of dysregulation of cysteine cathepsins and their inhibitors in relation to immune dysfunction to address new possibilities for regulation of their function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanja Jakoš
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Meng J, Liu Y, Xie Z, Qing H, Lei P, Ni J. Nucleus distribution of cathepsin B in senescent microglia promotes brain aging through degradation of sirtuins. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 96:255-266. [PMID: 33049518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cathepsin B (CatB) leakage from the lysosome into the cytosol in senescent microglia is associated with cognitive impairment. However, whether cellular compartmental translocation of CatB is associated with brain aging remains unclear. In the present study, increased CatB was found in the nucleus of CatB-overexpressed microglia followed by L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester, a lysosome-destabilizing reagent, and in the nuclear fraction of the cortex and hippocampus from aged mice. Moreover, CatB enzymatic activity examination showed the nuclear CatB exhibited the proteolytic activity to cleave its specific substrates. The amount of sirtuin1 (Sirt1), Sirt6, Sirt7, and p-Sirt1 was decreased in the cortical lysates from aged mice, in parallel with increased expression of proinflammatory mediators, which were diminished by CatB deficiency. Furthermore, intralateral ventricle administration of microglia overexpressed CatB, and treatment with L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester induced cognitive impairment in middle-aged mice. These observations suggest that the increase and nucleus translocation of CatB in senescent microglia were involved in the degradation of nuclear Sirts, which induced proinflammatory responses, resulting in cognition impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Meng
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yicong Liu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medical, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy in the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Department of Biology, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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12
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Blasiak J, Pawlowska E, Chojnacki J, Szczepanska J, Fila M, Chojnacki C. Vitamin D in Triple-Negative and BRCA1-Deficient Breast Cancer-Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3670. [PMID: 32456160 PMCID: PMC7279503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the lowest vitamin D concentration among all breast cancer types, suggesting that this vitamin may induce a protective effect against TNBC. This effect of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D), can be attributed to its potential to modulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis and is supported by many in vitro and animal studies, but its exact mechanism is poorly known. In a fraction of TNBCs that harbor mutations that cause the loss of function of the DNA repair-associated breast cancer type 1 susceptibility (BRCA1) gene, 1,25(OH)2D may induce protective effects by activating its receptor and inactivating cathepsin L-mediated degradation of tumor protein P53 binding protein 1 (TP53BP1), preventing deficiency in DNA double-strand break repair and contributing to genome stability. Similar effects can be induced by the interaction of 1,25(OH)2D with proteins of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) family. Further studies on TNBC cell lines with exact molecular characteristics and clinical trials with well-defined cases are needed to determine the mechanism of action of vitamin D in TNBC to assess its preventive and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pawlowska
- Department of Orthodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jan Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Joanna Szczepanska
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Michal Fila
- Department of Neurology, Polish Mother Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Cezary Chojnacki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland; (J.C.); (C.C.)
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53BP1 Accumulation in Circulating Tumor Cells Identifies Chemotherapy-Responsive Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040930. [PMID: 32283863 PMCID: PMC7226269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the DNA end-binding protein p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is down-regulated in subsets of breast cancer. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) provide accessible “biopsy material” to track cell traits and functions and their alterations during treatment. Here, we prospectively monitored the 53BP1 status in CTCs from 67 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients with HER2- CTCs and known hormone receptor (HR) status of the primary tumor and/or metastases before, during, and at the end of chemotherapeutic treatment with Eribulin. Nuclear 53BP1 staining and genomic integrity were evaluated by immunocytochemical and whole-genome-amplification-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, respectively. Comparative analysis of CTCs from patients with triple-negative and HR+ tumors revealed elevated 53BP1 levels in CTCs from patients with HR+ metastases, particularly following chemotherapeutic treatment. Differences in nuclear 53BP1 signals did not correlate with genomic integrity in CTCs at baseline or with nuclear γH2AX signals in MBC cell lines, indicating that 53BP1 detected features beyond DNA damage. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed an increasing association between nuclear 53BP1-positivity and progression-free survival (PFS) during chemotherapy until the final visit. Our data suggest that 53BP1 detection in CTCs could be a useful marker to capture dynamic changes of chemotherapeutic responsiveness in triple-negative and HR+ MBC.
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14
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Kilar E, Siewiński M, Hirnle L, Skiba T, Goła B K, Gburek J, Murawski M, Janocha A. Differences in cysteine peptidases-like activity in sera of patients with breast cancer. Cancer Biomark 2019; 27:335-341. [PMID: 31683457 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The key role in carcinogenesis with destruction of the extracellular matrix is played by proteases released by invasive cancer cells. Cysteine peptidases, such as cathepsin B and L, take an important role in cancer progression and metastasis. OBJECTIVES Cysteine peptidase-like activity (CPA) in sera of patients with breast cancer at different stages of disease and the influence of genetic predisposition associated with BRCA-1 gene mutations were analysed. METHODS CPA in serum was determined with the spectrofluorometric technique using Z-Phe-Arg-AMC as a substrate. Determination was carried out in 111 breast cancer patients in comparison to a control group of 50 healthy subjects. RESULTS The highest CPA was found in breast cancer patients with a hereditary predisposition bearing BRCA1 gene mutations, and the lowest activity was found in patients who had a tumour surgically removed and before adjuvant therapy. The differences in the activities between control group and cancer groups were statistically significant (p< 0.05), except from group of cancer patients in complete remission (p< 0.52). CONCLUSIONS Serum CPA in patients with breast cancer differs depending on the cancer stage and treatment methods. Our study demonstrate the correlation between BRCA-1 gene mutations and the increased level of CPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kilar
- Department of Oncology, District Hospital, Swidnica, Poland
| | - Maciej Siewiński
- Department of Basic Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Hirnle
- 1st Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Teresa Skiba
- Department of Animal Product Technology and Quality Management, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Goła B
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gburek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Murawski
- 1st Department and Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Janocha
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Soond SM, Kozhevnikova MV, Frolova AS, Savvateeva LV, Plotnikov EY, Townsend PA, Han YP, Zamyatnin AA. Lost or Forgotten: The nuclear cathepsin protein isoforms in cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 462:43-50. [PMID: 31381961 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While research into the role of cathepsins has been progressing at an exponential pace over the years, research into their respective isoform proteins has been less frenetic. In view of the functional and biological potential of such protein isoforms in model systems for cancer during their initial discovery, much later they have offered a new direction in the field of cathepsin basic and applied research. Consequently, the analysis of such isoforms has laid strong foundations in revealing other important regulatory aspects of the cathepsin proteins in general. In this review article, we address these key aspects of cathepsin isoform proteins, with particular emphasis on how they have shaped what is now known in the context of nuclear cathepsin localization and what potential these hold as nuclear-based therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surinder M Soond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Maria V Kozhevnikova
- Hospital Therapy Department № 1, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University , 6-1 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya str, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasia S Frolova
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
| | - Paul A Townsend
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; and the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - Yuan-Ping Han
- College of Life Sciences Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PO 6100064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str. 8-2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation.
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16
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Burton LJ, Hawsawi O, Sweeney J, Bowen N, Hudson T, Odero-Marah V. CCAAT-displacement protein/cut homeobox transcription factor (CUX1) represses estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) in triple-negative breast cancer cells and can be antagonized by muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214844. [PMID: 30964885 PMCID: PMC6460785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-Negative Breast Cancers (TNBCs) are the most difficult to treat subtype of breast cancer and are often associated with high nuclear expression of Snail and Cathepsin L (Cat L) protease. We have previously shown that Snail can increase Cat L expression/activity in prostate and breast cancer cells. This study investigated the role of CUX1 (a downstream substrate of Cat L) in TNBC. We showed that Cat L and CUX1 were highly expressed in TNBC patient tissue/cell lines, as compared to ER-positive samples, using cBioportal data and western blot/zymography analyses. Additionally, luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that CUX1 directly bound to estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-α) promoter in MDA-MB-468, a representative TNBC cell line, and that CUX1 siRNA could restore ER-α transcription and protein expression. Furthermore, Snail and CUX1 expression in various TNBC cell lines was inhibited by muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE, a natural grape product rich in anthocyanins) or Cat L inhibitor (Z-FY-CHO) leading to decreased cell invasion and migration. MSKE decreased cell viability and increased expression of apoptotic markers in MDA-MB-468 cells, with no effect on non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. MSKE also decreased CUX1 binding to ER-α promoter and restored ER-α expression in TNBC cells, while both MSKE and CUX1 siRNA restored sensitivity to estradiol and 4-hydoxytamoxifen as shown by increased cell viability. Therefore, CUX1 activated by Snail-Cat L signaling may contribute to TNBC via ER-α repression, and may be a viable target for TNBC using natural products such as MSKE that targets cancer and not normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J. Burton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
| | - Ohuod Hawsawi
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
| | - Janae Sweeney
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
| | - Nathan Bowen
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
| | - Tamaro Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
of America
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of
Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
of America
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17
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Abstract
Cathepsins (CTS) are mainly lysosomal acid hydrolases extensively involved in the prognosis of different diseases, and having a distinct role in tumor progression by regulating cell proliferation, autophagy, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. As all these processes conjunctively lead to cancer progression, their site-specific regulation might be beneficial for cancer treatment. CTS regulate activation of the proteolytic cascade and protein turnover, while extracellular CTS is involved in promoting extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis, thereby stimulating invasion and metastasis. Despite cancer regulation, the involvement of CTS in cellular adaptation toward chemotherapy and radiotherapy augments their therapeutic potential. However, lysosomal permeabilization mediated cytosolic translocation of CTS induces programmed cell death. This complex behavior of CTS generates the need to discuss the different aspects of CTS associated with cancer regulation. In this review, we mainly focused on the significance of each cathepsin in cancer signaling and their targeting which would provide noteworthy information in the context of cancer biology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Khaket
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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18
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53BP1: A key player of DNA damage response with critical functions in cancer. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 73:110-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Abstract
Chromatin is an intelligent building block that can express either external or internal needs through structural changes. To date, three methods to change chromatin structure and regulate gene expression have been well-documented: histone modification, histone exchange, and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling. Recently, a growing body of literature has suggested that histone tail cleavage is related to various cellular processes including stem cell differentiation, osteoclast differentiation, granulocyte differentiation, mammary gland differentiation, viral infection, aging, and yeast sporulation. Although the underlying mechanisms suggesting how histone cleavage affects gene expression in view of chromatin structure are only beginning to be understood, it is clear that this process is a novel transcriptional epigenetic mechanism involving chromatin dynamics. In this review, we describe the functional properties of the known histone tail cleavage with its proteolytic enzymes, discuss how histone cleavage impacts gene expression, and present future directions for this area of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Yi
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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20
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Burton LJ, Hawsawi O, Loyd Q, Henderson V, Howard S, Harlemon M, Ragin C, Roberts R, Bowen N, Gacii A, Odero-Marah V. Association of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition with prostate and breast health disparities. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203855. [PMID: 30199553 PMCID: PMC6130866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
African Americans (AA) have higher death rates due to prostate and breast cancer as compared to Caucasian Americans (CA), and few biomarkers have been associated with this disparity. In our study we investigated whether epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) with a focus on Snail and Cathepsin L (Cat L), could potentially be two markers associated with prostate and breast health disparities. We have previously shown that Snail can increase Cat L protein and activity in prostate and breast cancer. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses showed that mesenchymal protein expression (Snail, vimentin, Cat L) and Cat L activity (shown by zymography) was higher in AA prostate cancer cells as compared to CA normal transformed RWPE-1 prostate epithelial cells, and androgen-dependent cells, and comparable to metastatic CA cell lines. With respect to breast cancer, mesenchymal markers were higher in TNBC compared to non-TNBC cells. The higher mesenchymal marker expression was functionally associated with higher proliferative and migratory rates. Immunohistochemistry showed that both nuclear Snail and Cat L expression was significantly higher in cancer compared to normal for CA and Bahamas prostate patient tissue. Interestingly, AA normal tissue stained higher for nuclear Snail and Cat L that was not significantly different to cancer tissue for both prostate and breast tissue, but was significantly higher than CA normal tissue. AA TNBC tissue also displayed significantly higher nuclear Snail expression compared to CA TNBC, while no significant differences were observed with Luminal A cancer tissue. Therefore, increased EMT in AA compared to CA that may contribute to the more aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J. Burton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ohuod Hawsawi
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Quentin Loyd
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Veronica Henderson
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Simone Howard
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Maxine Harlemon
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Camille Ragin
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Robin Roberts
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- University of West Indies School of Clinical Medicine and Research, Nassau, The Bahamas
| | - Nathan Bowen
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gacii
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Lab Medicine, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Valerie Odero-Marah
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- African Caribbean Cancer Consortium, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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Down-regulation of cathepsin S and matrix metalloproteinase-9 via Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth and metastasis. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-14. [PMID: 30185799 PMCID: PMC6123788 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly metastatic breast cancer with poor prognosis. In the present study, we demonstrated that Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, might provide an effective therapeutic strategy to overcome TNBC invasion and metastasis, which are mediated via the synergistic action of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin S (CTSS) and gelatinase MMP-9. Knock-down of MMP-9 and CTSS using siRNAs resulted in a synergistic suppression of MDA-MB-231 cell invasion, which was similarly observed with pharmacological inhibitors. During the screening of new drug candidates that suppress both CTSS and MMP-9, BJ-2302, a novel 7-azaindolin-2-one derivative, was discovered. Src, an upstream activator of both pathways (PI3K/Akt and Ras/Raf/ERK) responsible for the expression of CTSS and MMP-9, was identified as a high-affinity target of BJ-2302 (IC90: 3.23 µM) through a Src kinase assay and a drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. BJ-2302 effectively suppressed MDA-MB-231 cell invasion (Matrigel invasion assay) and metastasis (chorioallantoic membrane assay xenografted with MDA-MB-231-luc2-tdTomato cancer cells). Unlike Z-FL-COCHO (potent CTSS inhibitor), BJ-2302 did not induce any cytotoxicity in MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells. Additionally, BJ-2302 (1 mg/kg) strongly suppressed TNBC cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in a xenograft mouse tumor model. The anti-metastatic and anti-tumor effects of BJ-2302 were superior to those of Z-FL-COCHO (1 mg/kg) or batimastat (30 mg/kg), a pan-MMP inhibitor. In summary, inhibition of Src kinase suppressed TNBC tumor growth and metastasis, and Src inhibitors such as BJ-2302 may constitute a novel therapeutic tool to treat breast cancer that expresses high levels of CTSS and MMP-9.
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22
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Lu HJ, Yan J, Jin PY, Zheng GH, Qin SM, Wu DM, Lu J, Zheng YL. MicroRNA-152 inhibits tumor cell growth while inducing apoptosis via the transcriptional repression of cathepsin L in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Cancer Biomark 2018; 21:711-722. [PMID: 29278883 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-170809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs are widely thought to play a regulatory role in gene expression. Although the more unique microRNA expression profiles have been reported in several tumors, there remains a scarcity of knowledge in relation to microRNA expression profiles in GISTs. During this study, through the alteration in the expression of microRNA-152 (miR-152) in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells, we subsequently evaluated its ability to influence the processes associated with cancer, including proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, as well as the associated mechanisms. METHODS The expression of miR-152 and cathepsin L (CTSL) in GIST cell lines (GIST882, GIST430, GIST48 and GIST-T1) and normal gastric mucosal cell line RGM-1 were determined. A series of miR-152 mimics, miR-152 inhibitors, and siRNA against CTSL were introduced to treat GIST-T1 cells with the lowest miR-152 and the highest CTSL were assessed. Cell viability, cell cycle entry, apoptosis, and cell migration/invasion were all evaluated by means of CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry analyses of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and transwell assays. RESULTS The target prediction program and luciferase reporter gene assay verified CTSL is the target of miR-152. Regarding the biological significance of miR-152, siRNA knockdown and ectopic expression studies revealed that miR-152 mimic or siRNA against CTSL exposure reduced cell viability and migration/invasion, which resulted in more cells arrested at the S stage, and induced apoptosis. MiR-152 inhibitor exposure was observed to have induced effects on CTSL cells as opposed to those induced by that of the miR-152 mimics. In contrast, miR-152 downregulation abrogated the effects induced by siRNA against CTSL treatment. CONCLUSION The key findings of this study provided evidence suggesting that miR-152 functions by means of binding to CTSL to induce GIST cell apoptosis and inhibit proliferation, migration, and invasion. The anti-tumor role of miR-152 makes it an attractive therapeutic target for GIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jie Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Emergency Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221009, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei-Ying Jin
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gui-Hong Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su-Ming Qin
- Department of Oncology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Biotechnology on Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Xiong Y, Wang W, Fei Y, Tan C, Liang Z. K-ras mutation promotes ionizing radiation-induced invasion and migration of lung cancer in part via the Cathepsin L/CUX1 pathway. Exp Cell Res 2018; 362:424-435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Kreienkamp R, Croke M, Neumann MA, Bedia-Diaz G, Graziano S, Dusso A, Dorsett D, Carlberg C, Gonzalo S. Vitamin D receptor signaling improves Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome cellular phenotypes. Oncotarget 2017; 7:30018-31. [PMID: 27145372 PMCID: PMC5058660 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a devastating incurable premature aging disease caused by accumulation of progerin, a toxic lamin A mutant protein. HGPS patient-derived cells exhibit nuclear morphological abnormalities, altered signaling pathways, genomic instability, and premature senescence. Here we uncover new molecular mechanisms contributing to cellular decline in progeria. We demonstrate that HGPS cells reduce expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and DNA repair factors BRCA1 and 53BP1 with progerin accumulation, and that reconstituting VDR signaling via 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D) treatment improves HGPS phenotypes, including nuclear morphological abnormalities, DNA repair defects, and premature senescence. Importantly, we discovered that the 1,25D/VDR axis regulates LMNA gene expression, as well as expression of DNA repair factors. 1,25D dramatically reduces progerin production in HGPS cells, while stabilizing BRCA1 and 53BP1, two key factors for genome integrity. Vitamin D/VDR axis emerges as a new target for treatment of HGPS and potentially other lamin-related diseases exhibiting VDR deficiency and genomic instability. Because progerin expression increases with age, maintaining vitamin D/VDR signaling could keep the levels of progerin in check during physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica Croke
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martin A Neumann
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gonzalo Bedia-Diaz
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adriana Dusso
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Dale Dorsett
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Berridge MJ. Vitamin D deficiency accelerates ageing and age-related diseases: a novel hypothesis. J Physiol 2017; 595:6825-6836. [PMID: 28949008 DOI: 10.1113/jp274887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing can occur at different rates, but what controls this variable rate is unknown. Here I have developed a hypothesis that vitamin D may act to control the rate of ageing. The basis of this hypothesis emerged from studyng the various cellular processes that control ageing. These processes such as autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, epigenetic changes, DNA disorders and alterations in Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling are all known to be regulated by vitamin D. The activity of these processes will be enhanced in individuals that are deficient in vitamin D. Not only will this increase the rate of ageing, but it will also increase the probability of developing age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis and cardiovascular disease. In individual with normal vitamin D levels, these ageing-related processes will occur at lower rates resulting in a reduced rate of ageing and enhanced protection against these age-related diseases.
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Burton LJ, Henderson V, Liburd L, Odero-Marah VA. Snail transcription factor NLS and importin β1 regulate the subcellular localization of Cathepsin L and Cux1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:59-64. [PMID: 28698143 PMCID: PMC5568889 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several recent studies have highlighted an additional unexpected localization and site of action for Cathepsin L (Cat L) protease within the nucleus in breast, colon and prostate cancer, however, its role in the nucleus was unclear. It was proposed to mediate proteolytic processing of the transcription factor CCAAT-displacement protein/cut homeobox transcription factor (Cux1) from the full-length p200 isoform to generate the p110 and p90 isoforms, of which the p110 isoform was shown to act as a cell cycle regulator to accelerate entry into the S phase. The p110 isoform has also been shown to bind to the promoter regions of Snail and E-cadherin to activate Snail and inactivate E-cadherin transcription, thus promoting epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistic studies on what drives Cat L nuclear localization have not been reported. Our hypothesis is that Snail shuttles into the nucleus with Cat L through binding to importin-β. Snail knockdown with siRNA in MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells led to nuclear to cytoplasmic shuttling of Cat L and decreased levels of Cux1, while overexpression of Snail in MCF-7 breast cancer cells or HEK-293 human embryonic kidney cells led to increased nuclear expression of both Cat L and Cux1. Additionally, transient transfection of Snail NLS mutants not only abrogated Snail nuclear localization but also nuclear localization of Cat L and Cux1. Interestingly, importin β1 knockdown with siRNA decreased Snail and Cux1 levels, as well as nuclear localization of Cat L. Therefore, we show for the first time that the nuclear localization of Cat L and its substrate Cux1can be positively regulated by Snail NLS and importin β1, suggesting that Snail, Cat L and Cux1 all utilize importin β1 for nuclear import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J Burton
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Veronica Henderson
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Latiffa Liburd
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Valerie A Odero-Marah
- Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Soljic M, Mrklic I, Tomic S, Omrcen T, Sutalo N, Bevanda M, Vrdoljak E. Prognostic value of vitamin D receptor and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 2017; 71:34-39. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AimTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterised by shorter overall survival and an early peak of distant recurrences with still no specific targeted treatment available. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGFR) have recently been described as potential new targets for anticancer therapy, yet their roles in TNBCs are still to be explored. In this study we investigated VDR and IGFR expression in patients with TNBC and compared them with clinical and pathological parameters and survival to possibly demonstrate their prognostic and therapeutic relevance.MethodsThe study included 96 patients with TNBC. Clinical and pathological parameters were compared with the immunohistochemical expression of VDR and IGFR.ResultsPositive VDR immunostaining was present in 27% of tumours and inversely correlated with higher mitotic score, histological grade and higher proliferation index measured by Ki-67 and related to the increased overall survival (OS). Out of 96 patients with TNBC, 35.5% of tumours were IGFR positive and correlated with higher mitotic score and Ki-67, and strongly correlated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS). Patients with VDR-negative and IGF-positive tumours had significantly lower DFS and OS.ConclusionApproximately one third of TNBCs express VDR and/or IGFR. Their expression is linked with the recurrence of the disease and survival, which make them possible targets for treatment and a prognostic tool for dividing TNBCs into more homogeneous subgroups.
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28
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Mayca Pozo F, Tang J, Bonk KW, Keri RA, Yao X, Zhang Y. Regulatory cross-talk determines the cellular levels of 53BP1 protein, a critical factor in DNA repair. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:5992-6003. [PMID: 28255090 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.760645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) severely disrupt DNA integrity. 53BP1 plays critical roles in determining DSB repair. Whereas the recruitment of 53BP1 to the DSB site is key for its function, recent evidence suggests that 53BP1's abundance also plays an important role in DSB repair because recruitment to damage sites will be influenced by protein availability. Initial evidence has pointed to three proteins, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UbcH7, the cysteine protease cathepsin L (CTSL), and the nuclear structure protein lamin A/C, that may impact 53BP1 levels, but the roles of each protein and any interplay between them were unclear. Here we report that UbcH7-dependent degradation plays a major role in controlling 53BP1 levels both under normal growth conditions and during DNA damage. CTSL influenced 53BP1 degradation during DNA damage while having little effect under normal growth conditions. Interestingly, both the protein and the mRNA levels of CTSL were reduced in UbcH7-depleted cells. Lamin A/C interacted with 53BP1 under normal conditions. DNA damage disrupted the lamin A/C-53BP1 interaction, which preceded the degradation of 53BP1 in soluble, but not chromatin-enriched, cellular fractions. Inhibition of 53BP1 degradation by a proteasome inhibitor or by UbcH7 depletion restored the 53BP1-lamin A/C interaction. Depletion of lamin A/C, but not CTSL, caused a similar enhancement in cell sensitivity to DNA damage as UbcH7 depletion. These data suggest that multiple pathways collectively fine-tune the cellular levels of 53BP1 protein to ensure proper DSB repair and cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin Mayca Pozo
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
| | - Jinshan Tang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and.,Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kristen W Bonk
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
| | - Ruth A Keri
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
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29
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Lengthening of high-yield production levels of monoclonal antibody-producing Chinese hamster ovary cells by downregulation of breast cancer 1. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 123:382-389. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Targeting the Nuclear Cathepsin L CCAAT Displacement Protein/Cut Homeobox Transcription Factor-Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition Pathway in Prostate and Breast Cancer Cells with the Z-FY-CHO Inhibitor. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00297-16. [PMID: 27956696 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00297-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) promotes tumor migration and invasion by downregulating epithelial markers such as E-cadherin and upregulating mesenchymal markers such as vimentin. Cathepsin L (Cat L) is a cysteine protease that can proteolytically activate CCAAT displacement protein/cut homeobox transcription factor (CUX1). We hypothesized that nuclear Cat L may promote EMT via CUX1 and that this could be antagonized with the Cat L-specific inhibitor Z-FY-CHO. Mesenchymal prostate (ARCaP-M and ARCaP-E overexpressing Snail) and breast (MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 overexpressing Snail) cancer cells expressed lower E-cadherin activity, higher Snail, vimentin, and Cat L activity, and a p110/p90 active CUX1 form, compared to epithelial prostate (ARCaP-E and ARCaP-Neo) and breast (MCF-7 and MCF-7 Neo) cancer cells. There was increased binding of CUX1 to Snail and the E-cadherin promoter in mesenchymal cells compared to epithelial prostate and breast cells. Treatment of mesenchymal cells with the Cat L inhibitor Z-FY-CHO led to nuclear-to-cytoplasmic relocalization of Cat L, decreased binding of CUX1 to Snail and the E-cadherin promoter, reversed EMT, and decreased cell migration/invasion. Overall, our novel data suggest that a positive feedback loop between Snail-nuclear Cat L-CUX1 drives EMT, which can be antagonized by Z-FY-CHO. Therefore, Z-FY-CHO may be an important therapeutic tool to antagonize EMT and cancer progression.
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31
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Zhang X, Harbeck N, Jeschke U, Doisneau-Sixou S. Influence of vitamin D signaling on hormone receptor status and HER2 expression in breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:1107-1122. [PMID: 28025696 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is a significant global public health issue. It is the leading cause of death among women around the world, with an incidence increasing annually. In recent years, there has been more and more information in the literature regarding a protective role of vitamin D in cancer. Increasingly preclinical and clinical studies suggest that vitamin D optimal levels can reduce the risk of breast cancer development and regulate cancer-related pathways. METHOD In this review, we focus on the importance of vitamin D in breast cancers, discussing especially the influence of vitamin D signaling on estrogen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), two major biomarkers of breast cancer today. CONCLUSION We discuss the possibility of actual and future targeted therapeutic approaches for vitamin D signaling in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Brustzentrum der Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistraße 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadia Harbeck
- Brustzentrum der Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistraße 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Brustzentrum der Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistraße 11, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Doisneau-Sixou
- Brustzentrum der Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Campus Innenstadt, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Maistraße 11, 80337, Munich, Germany. .,Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
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32
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Graziano S, Gonzalo S. Mechanisms of oncogene-induced genomic instability. Biophys Chem 2016; 225:49-57. [PMID: 28073589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations in oncogenes promote uncontrolled proliferation and malignant transformation. Approximately 30% of human cancers carry mutations in the RAS oncogene. Paradoxically, expression of mutant constitutively active Ras protein in primary human cells results in a premature proliferation arrest known as oncogene-induced senescence (OIS). This is more commonly observed in human pre-neoplasia than in neoplastic lesions, and is considered a tumor suppressor mechanism. Senescent cells are still metabolically active but in a status of cell cycle arrest characterized by specific morphological and physiological features that distinguish them from both proliferating cells, and cells growth-arrested by other means. Although the molecular mechanisms by which OIS is established are not totally understood, the current view is that OIS in human cells is tightly linked to persistent activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as a consequence of replication stress. Here we will highlight recent advances in our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to hyper-replication stress in response to oncogene activation, and of the crosstalk between replication stress and persistent activation of the DDR. We will also discuss new evidence for DNA repair deficiencies during OIS, which might increase the genomic instability that drives senescence bypass and malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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33
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Abulkhair O, Saadeddin A, Makram O, Gasmelseed A, Pasha T, Shehata H, Fakhoury HM. Vitamin D levels and breast cancer characteristics: Findings in patients from Saudi Arabia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 164:106-109. [PMID: 26554935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inverse relationship between vitamin D status and risk of breast cancer has been previously reported in the literature. We conducted this study to determine the association between vitamin D levels and breast cancer characteristics in patients from Saudi Arabia. Newly diagnosed breast cancer patients (N=406) were recruited. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D] were measured at baseline. A significantly higher percentage of patients with triple negative status (18%) had 25 (OH) D levels ≤25nmol/L, compared to only 8% with 25 (OH) D levels >25nmol/L (p=0.009). Patients with 25 (OH) D levels ≤25nmol/L were 2.54 times more likely to present with triple negative status compared to those with 25 (OH) D levels >25nmol/L (p=0.02). Our findings suggest an association between low 25 (OH) D levels and increased risk of triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omalkhair Abulkhair
- Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Saadeddin
- Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Olaa Makram
- Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Gasmelseed
- Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tabrez Pasha
- Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Shehata
- Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, PO Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M Fakhoury
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O.box 3660, Mail code 3127, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia,.
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Leto G, Incorvaia L, Flandina C, Ancona C, Fulfaro F, Crescimanno M, Sepporta MV, Badalamenti G. Clinical Impact of Cystatin C/Cathepsin L and Follistatin/Activin A Systems in Breast Cancer Progression: A Preliminary Report. Cancer Invest 2016; 34:415-423. [DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2016.1222416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Leto
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lorena Incorvaia
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Flandina
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Ancona
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Fulfaro
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marilena Crescimanno
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Badalamenti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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35
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Li J, Luco AL, Ochietti B, Fadhil I, Camirand A, Reinhardt TA, St-Arnaud R, Muller W, Kremer R. Tumoral Vitamin D Synthesis by CYP27B1 1-α-Hydroxylase Delays Mammary Tumor Progression in the PyMT-MMTV Mouse Model and Its Action Involves NF-κB Modulation. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2204-16. [PMID: 27119753 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Biologically active vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25(OH)2D) is synthetized from inactive prohormone 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D) by the enzyme CYP27B1 1-α-hydroxylase in kidney and several extrarenal tissues including breast. Although the development of breast cancer has been linked to inadequate vitamin D status, the importance of bioactive vitamin D production within tumors themselves is not fully understood. To investigate the role of tumoral vitamin D production in mammary epithelial cell progression to breast cancer, we conducted a Cre-loxP-mediated Cyp27b1 gene ablation in the mammary epithelium of the polyoma middle T antigen-mouse mammary tumor virus (PyMT-MMTV) mouse breast cancer model. Targeted ablation of Cyp27b1 was accompanied by significant acceleration in initiation of spontaneous mammary tumorigenesis. In vivo, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, and survival markers were up-regulated in tumors by Cyp27b1 ablation, and apoptosis was decreased. AK thymoma (AKT) phosphorylation and expression of several components of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), integrin, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathways were increased in Cyp27b1-ablated tumors compared with nonablated controls. In vitro, 1,25(OH)2D treatment induced a strong antiproliferative action on tumor cells from both ablated and nonablated mice, accompanied by rapid disappearance of NF-κB p65 from the nucleus and segregation in the cytoplasm. In contrast, treatment with the metabolic precursor 25(OH)D was only effective against cells from nonablated mice. 25(OH)D did not inhibit growth of Cyp27b1-ablated cells, and their nuclear NF-κB p65 remained abundant. Our findings demonstrate that in-tumor CYP27B1 1-α-hydroxylase activity plays a crucial role in controlling early oncogene-mediated mammary carcinogenesis events, at least in part by modulating tumoral cell NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Li
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
| | - Aimée-Lee Luco
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
| | - Benoît Ochietti
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
| | - Ibtihal Fadhil
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
| | - Anne Camirand
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
| | - Timothy A Reinhardt
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
| | - René St-Arnaud
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
| | - William Muller
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
| | - Richard Kremer
- Department of Medicine (J.L., A.-L.L., B.O., I.F., A.C., R.K.), McGill University Health Centre and Goodman Cancer Research Centre (W.M.), McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1; United States Department of Agriculture (Agricultural Research Service) National Animal Disease Center (T.A.R.), Ames, Iowa 50010; and Genetics Unit (R.S.-A.), Shriners Hospital for Children, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1A6
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36
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Graziano S, Johnston R, Deng O, Zhang J, Gonzalo S. Vitamin D/vitamin D receptor axis regulates DNA repair during oncogene-induced senescence. Oncogene 2016; 35:5362-5376. [PMID: 27041576 PMCID: PMC5050051 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic Ras expression is associated with activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, as evidenced by elevated DNA damage, primarily DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and activation of DNA damage checkpoints, which in primary human cells leads to entry into senescence. DDR activation is viewed as a physiological barrier against uncontrolled proliferation in oncogenic Ras-expressing cells, and arises in response to genotoxic stress due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage DNA, and to hyper-replication stress. Although oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is considered a tumor suppressor mechanism, the accumulation of DNA damage in senescent cells is thought to cause genomic instability, eventually allowing secondary hits in the genome that promote tumorigenesis. To date, the molecular mechanisms behind DNA repair defects during OIS remain poorly understood. Here, we show that oncogenic Ras expression in human primary cells results in down-regulation of BRCA1 and 53BP1, two key factors in DNA DSBs repair by homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), respectively. As a consequence, Ras-induced senescent cells are hindered in their ability to recruit BRCA1 and 53BP1 to DNA damage sites. While BRCA1 is down-regulated at transcripts levels, 53BP1 loss is caused by activation of cathepsin L (CTSL)-mediated degradation of 53BP1 protein. Moreover, we discovered a marked down-regulation of vitamin D receptor (VDR) during OIS, and a role for the vitamin D/VDR axis regulating the levels of these DNA repair factors during OIS. This study reveals a new functional relationship between the oncogene Ras, the vitamin D/VDR axis, and the expression of DNA repair factors, in the context of OIS. The observed deficiencies in DNA repair factors in senescent cells could contribute to the genomic instability that allows senescence bypass and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Graziano
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - R Johnston
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - O Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Udukala DN, Wang H, Wendel SO, Malalasekera AP, Samarakoon TN, Yapa AS, Abayaweera G, Basel MT, Maynez P, Ortega R, Toledo Y, Bossmann L, Robinson C, Janik KE, Koper OB, Li P, Motamedi M, Higgins DA, Gadbury G, Zhu G, Troyer DL, Bossmann SH. Early breast cancer screening using iron/iron oxide-based nanoplatforms with sub-femtomolar limits of detection. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:364-373. [PMID: 27335730 PMCID: PMC4901534 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteases, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), tissue serine proteases, and cathepsins (CTS) exhibit numerous functions in tumor biology. Solid tumors are characterized by changes in protease expression levels by tumor and surrounding tissue. Therefore, monitoring protease levels in tissue samples and liquid biopsies is a vital strategy for early cancer detection. Water-dispersable Fe/Fe3O4-core/shell based nanoplatforms for protease detection are capable of detecting protease activity down to sub-femtomolar limits of detection. They feature one dye (tetrakis(carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP)) that is tethered to the central nanoparticle by means of a protease-cleavable consensus sequence and a second dye (Cy 5.5) that is directly linked. Based on the protease activities of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), MMPs 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, and 13, as well as CTS B and L, human breast cancer can be detected at stage I by means of a simple serum test. By monitoring CTS B and L stage 0 detection may be achieved. This initial study, comprised of 46 breast cancer patients and 20 apparently healthy human subjects, demonstrates the feasibility of protease-activity-based liquid biopsies for early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinusha N Udukala
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Hongwang Wang
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Sebastian O Wendel
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Aruni P Malalasekera
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Thilani N Samarakoon
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Asanka S Yapa
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gayani Abayaweera
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Matthew T Basel
- Kansas State University, Department of Anatomy & Physiology, 228 Coles Hall, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Pamela Maynez
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Raquel Ortega
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yubisela Toledo
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Leonie Bossmann
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Colette Robinson
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Katharine E Janik
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Olga B Koper
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel A Higgins
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gary Gadbury
- Kansas State University, Department of Statistics, 101 Dickens Hall, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Gaohong Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Department of Nuclear Medicine, 295 Xichang Road, Kunming, Yunnan, PR China
| | - Deryl L Troyer
- Kansas State University, Department of Anatomy & Physiology, 228 Coles Hall, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Kansas State University, Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Manhattan, KS, USA
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38
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Gonzalo S, Kreienkamp R. Methods to Monitor DNA Repair Defects and Genomic Instability in the Context of a Disrupted Nuclear Lamina. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1411:419-437. [PMID: 27147057 PMCID: PMC5044759 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3530-7_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The organization of the genome within the nuclear space is viewed as an additional level of regulation of genome function, as well as a means to ensure genome integrity. Structural proteins associated with the nuclear envelope, in particular lamins (A- and B-type) and lamin-associated proteins, play an important role in genome organization. Interestingly, there is a whole body of evidence that links disruptions of the nuclear lamina with DNA repair defects and genomic instability. Here, we describe a few standard techniques that have been successfully utilized to identify mechanisms behind DNA repair defects and genomic instability in cells with an altered nuclear lamina. In particular, we describe protocols to monitor changes in the expression of DNA repair factors (Western blot) and their recruitment to sites of DNA damage (immunofluorescence); kinetics of DNA double-strand break repair after ionizing radiation (neutral comet assays); frequency of chromosomal aberrations (FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization); and alterations in telomere homeostasis (Quantitative-FISH). These techniques have allowed us to shed some light onto molecular mechanisms by which alterations in A-type lamins induce genomic instability, which could contribute to the pathophysiology of aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
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39
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Ferguson LR, Chen H, Collins AR, Connell M, Damia G, Dasgupta S, Malhotra M, Meeker AK, Amedei A, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Bilsland A, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Fujii H, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Keith WN, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Yang X, Honoki K, Parslow VR, Prakash S, Rezazadeh S, Shackelford RE, Sidransky D, Tran PT, Yang ES, Maxwell CA. Genomic instability in human cancer: Molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S5-S24. [PMID: 25869442 PMCID: PMC4600419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, United States
| | | | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research & Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Satya Prakash
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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40
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Ferronato MJ, Obiol DJ, Fermento ME, Gandini NA, Alonso EN, Salomón DG, Vitale C, Mascaró E, Fall Y, Raimondi AR, Curino AC, Facchinetti MM. The alkynylphosphonate analogue of calcitriol EM1 has potent anti-metastatic effects in breast cancer. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 154:285-93. [PMID: 26365558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D3, calcitriol, plays a major role in maintaining calcium/phosphate homeostasis. In addition, it is a potent antiproliferative and prodifferentiating agent. However, when effective antitumor doses of calcitriol are employed, hypercalcemic effects are observed, thus precluding its therapeutic application. To overcome this problem, structural analogues have been designed with the aim at retaining or even increasing the antitumor effects while decreasing its calcemic activity. This report shows the biological evaluation of an alkynylphosphonate vitamin D less-calcemic analogue in a murine model of breast cancer. We demonstrate that this compound has potent anti-metastatic effects through its action over cellular migration and invasion likely mediated through the up-regulation of E-cadherin expression. Based on the current in vitro and in vivo results, EM1 is a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Ferronato
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Diego J Obiol
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María E Fermento
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Norberto A Gandini
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Eliana N Alonso
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Débora G Salomón
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cristian Vitale
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (INQUISUR), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Evangelina Mascaró
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica, Departamento de Química, Universidad Nacional del Sur (INQUISUR), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Yagamare Fall
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química and Instituto de Investigación Biomedica (IBI), University of Vigo, Campus Lagoas de Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana R Raimondi
- Area de Investigación, Instituto de Oncología "Angel H. Roffo", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro C Curino
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María M Facchinetti
- Laboratorio de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas Bahía Blanca, Centro Científico Tecnológico Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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41
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Burton LJ, Smith BA, Smith BN, Loyd Q, Nagappan P, McKeithen D, Wilder CL, Platt MO, Hudson T, Odero-Marah VA. Muscadine grape skin extract can antagonize Snail-cathepsin L-mediated invasion, migration and osteoclastogenesis in prostate and breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1019-27. [PMID: 26069256 PMCID: PMC4643647 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop new and effective chemopreventive agents against bone metastasis, we assessed the effects of muscadine grape skin extract (MSKE), whose main bioactive component is anthocyanin, on bone turnover, using prostate and breast cancer cell models overexpressing Snail transcription factor. MSKE has been shown previously to promote apoptosis in prostate cancer cells without affecting normal prostate epithelial cells. Snail is overexpressed in prostate and breast cancer, and is associated with increased invasion, migration and bone turnover/osteoclastogenesis. Cathepsin L (CatL) is a cysteine cathepsin protease that is overexpressed in cancer and involved in bone turnover. Snail overexpression in prostate (LNCaP, ARCaP-E) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells led to increased CatL expression/activity and phosphorylated STAT-3 (pSTAT-3), compared to Neo vector controls, while the reverse was observed in C4-2 (the aggressive subline of LNCaP) cells with Snail knockdown. Moreover, CatL expression was higher in prostate and breast tumor tissue compared to normal tissue. MSKE decreased Snail and pSTAT3 expression, and abrogated Snail-mediated CatL activity, migration and invasion. Additionally, Snail overexpression promoted osteoclastogenesis, which was significantly inhibited by the MSKE as effectively as Z-FY-CHO, a CatL-specific inhibitor, or osteoprotegerin, a receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) antagonist. Overall, these novel findings suggest that Snail regulation of CatL may occur via STAT-3 signaling and can be antagonized by MSKE, leading to decreased cell invasion, migration and bone turnover. Therefore, inhibition using a natural product such as MSKE could potentially be a promising bioactive compound for bone metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza J Burton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Basil A Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Bethany N Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Quentin Loyd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Peri Nagappan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Danielle McKeithen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Catera L Wilder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and
| | - Manu O Platt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and
| | - Tamaro Hudson
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Valerie A Odero-Marah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA and Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
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42
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Sudhan DR, Siemann DW. Cathepsin L targeting in cancer treatment. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 155:105-16. [PMID: 26299995 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteolytic enzymes may serve as promising targets for novel therapeutic treatment strategies seeking to impede cancer progression and metastasis. One such enzyme is cathepsin L (CTSL), a lysosomal cysteine protease. CTSL upregulation, a common occurrence in a variety of human cancers, has been widely correlated with metastatic aggressiveness and poor patient prognosis. In addition, CTSL has been implicated to contribute to cancer-associated osteolysis, a debilitating morbidity affecting both life expectancy and the quality of life. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms by which CTSL contributes to tumor progression and dissemination and discuss the therapeutic utility of CTSL intervention strategies aimed at impeding metastatic progression and bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya R Sudhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dietmar W Siemann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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43
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Romero AM, Palanca A, Ruiz-Soto M, Llorca J, Marín MP, Renau-Piqueras J, Berciano MT, Lafarga M. Chronic Alcohol Exposure Decreases 53BP1 Protein Levels Leading to a Defective DNA Repair in Cultured Primary Cortical Neurons. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:69-79. [PMID: 26264240 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption may cause neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Alcohol neurotoxicity is associated with the production of acetaldehyde and reactive oxygen species that induce oxidative DNA damage. However, the molecular mechanisms by which ethanol disturbs the DNA damage response (DDR), resulting in a defective DNA repair, remain unknown. Here, we have used cultured primary cortical neurons exposed to 50 or 100 mM ethanol for 7 days to analyze the ethanol-induced DDR. Ethanol exposure produced a dose-dependent generation of double strand breaks and the formation of DNA damage foci immunoreactive for the histone γH2AX, a DNA damage marker, and for the ubiquitylated H2A, which is involved in chromatin remodeling at DNA damage sites. Importantly, these DNA damage foci failed to recruit the protein 53BP1, a crucial DNA repair factor. This effect was associated with a drop in 53BP1 mRNA and protein levels and with an inhibition of global transcription. Moreover, ethanol-exposed neurons treated with ionizing radiation (2 Gy) also failed to recruit 53BP1 at DNA damage foci and exhibited a greater vulnerability to DNA lesions than irradiated control neurons. Our results support that defective DNA repair, mediated by the deficient expression and recruitment of 53BP1 to DNA damage sites, represents a novel mechanism involved in ethanol neurotoxicity. The design of therapeutic strategies that increase or stabilize 53BP1 levels might potentially promote DNA repair and partially compensate alcohol neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Romero
- Sección de Biología y Patología Celular, Centro de Investigación, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Unidad de Microscopía IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Palanca
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Av. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Ruiz-Soto
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Av. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Llorca
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, "CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)", IDIVAL, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Renau-Piqueras
- Sección de Biología y Patología Celular, Centro de Investigación, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria T Berciano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Av. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Lafarga
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", University of Cantabria-IDIVAL, Av. Cardenal Herrera Oria s/n, 39011, Santander, Spain.
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Löser R, Pietzsch J. Cysteine cathepsins: their role in tumor progression and recent trends in the development of imaging probes. Front Chem 2015; 3:37. [PMID: 26157794 PMCID: PMC4477214 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases bear an enormous potential as drug discovery targets for both infectious and systemic human diseases. The considerable progress in this field over the last two decades has also raised interest in the visualization of these enzymes in their native context, especially with regard to tumor imaging. After a short introduction to structure and general functions of human cysteine cathepsins, we highlight their importance for drug discovery and development and provide a critical update on the current state of knowledge toward their involvement in tumor progression, with a special emphasis on their role in therapy response. In accordance with a radiopharmaceutical point of view, the main focus of this review article will be the discussion of recently developed fluorescence and radiotracer-based imaging agents together with related molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reik Löser
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Dresden, Germany ; Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden, Germany
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45
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Zong D, Callén E, Pegoraro G, Lukas C, Lukas J, Nussenzweig A. Ectopic expression of RNF168 and 53BP1 increases mutagenic but not physiological non-homologous end joining. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:4950-61. [PMID: 25916843 PMCID: PMC4446425 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) formed during S phase are preferentially repaired by homologous recombination (HR), whereas G1 DSBs, such as those occurring during immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR), are repaired by non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). The DNA damage response proteins 53BP1 and BRCA1 regulate the balance between NHEJ and HR. 53BP1 promotes CSR in part by mediating synapsis of distal DNA ends, and in addition, inhibits 5’ end resection. BRCA1 antagonizes 53BP1 dependent DNA end-blocking activity during S phase, which would otherwise promote mutagenic NHEJ and genome instability. Recently, it was shown that supra-physiological levels of the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF168 results in the hyper-accumulation of 53BP1/BRCA1 which accelerates DSB repair. Here, we ask whether increased expression of RNF168 or 53BP1 impacts physiological versus mutagenic NHEJ. We find that the anti-resection activities of 53BP1 are rate-limiting for mutagenic NHEJ but not for physiological CSR. As heterogeneity in the expression of RNF168 and 53BP1 is found in human tumors, our results suggest that deregulation of the RNF168/53BP1 pathway could alter the chemosensitivity of BRCA1 deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Zong
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elsa Callén
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gianluca Pegoraro
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Claudia Lukas
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiri Lukas
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - André Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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46
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Naipal KA, van Gent DC. PARP inhibitors: the journey from research hypothesis to clinical approval. Per Med 2015; 12:139-154. [PMID: 29754541 DOI: 10.2217/pme.14.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer puts an increasing burden on our healthcare system and is a major cause of death. Therefore, novel approaches are required to improve cancer treatment. Cancer cells have several hallmarks that could be therapeutically targeted. Importantly, every tumor has a different combination of aberrations affecting the different hallmarks. This review focuses on targeting one of these hallmarks, the DNA damage response (DDR). DDR defects can not only cause cancer, but they can also be exploited therapeutically. This plays an important role even in 'classical' (DNA damaging) chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but more precise targeting of specific defects is expected to increase treatment efficacy and decrease normal tissue toxicity. Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are the first clinical example of such synthetic lethality in tumors having specific DDR defects. They are currently under investigation as DDR-targeting anticancer drugs and they progress quickly in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan At Naipal
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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47
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Martinez-Alonso M, Dusso A, Ariza G, Nabal M. The effect on quality of life of vitamin D administration for advanced cancer treatment (VIDAFACT study): protocol of a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006128. [PMID: 25552610 PMCID: PMC4281528 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D is related to resistance to chronic diseases, physiological parameters and functional measures. All of these relationships underscore the potential benefits of cholecalciferol or D3 (nutritional vitamin D) in cancer. This is the first study designed to obtain conclusive evidence on the effect of cholecalciferol in advanced patients with cancer. The main goal is to assess its effects on the patient's perceived quality of life. Cholecalciferol's impact on fatigue and physical performance, as well as its cost utility, will also be assessed. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised triple-blind phase II/III placebo-controlled multicentre trial has been designed. Patients satisfying the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be randomly assigned to receive cholecalciferol or placebo. Eligible patients will be adults with a locally advanced or metastatic or inoperable solid cancer in palliative care, who have given signed informed consent and have matched inclusion and exclusion criteria. The randomisation will be based on a computer-generated procedure and centralised by the pharmacy service of the coordinating centre. The assigned treatment will be administered by the hospital's pharmacy to conceal group allocation for patients and healthcare providers. Cholecalciferol (4000 IU/day) or placebo, starting at day 15 and continuing up to day 42, will be added to palliative care treatment. Outpatient visits will be scheduled every 14 days. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was received from the Medical Ethical Commitee of the HUAV (CEIC-1169). Participants and their families will receive the research findings which will also be disseminated on local and national media, presented at national and international meetings of the specialty, and published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EudraCT: 2013-003478-29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Martinez-Alonso
- Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- Biostatistics and Methodological Support, IRBLLEIDA, Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Gemma Ariza
- Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria Nabal
- Palliative Care Supportive Team, Hospital Universitari Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
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48
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Influences of prenatal and postnatal stress on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: the double neurogenic niche hypothesis. Behav Brain Res 2014; 281:309-17. [PMID: 25546722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is involved in learning, memory, and stress, and plays a significant role in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. As an age-dependent process, AHN is largely influenced by changes that occur during the pre- and postnatal stages of brain development, and constitutes an important field of research. This review examines the current knowledge regarding the regulators of AHN and the influence of prenatal and postnatal stress on later AHN. In addition, a hypothesis is presented suggesting that each kind of stress influences a specific neurogenic pool, developmental or postnatal, that later becomes a precursor with important repercussions for AHN. This hypothesis is referred to as "the double neurogenic niche hypothesis." Discovering what receptors, transcription factors, or genes are specifically activated by different stressors is proposed as an essential line of future research in the field. Such knowledge shall constitute an important starting point toward the goal of modifying AHN in neurodegenerative or psychiatric diseases.
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Pickholtz I, Saadyan S, Keshet GI, Wang VS, Cohen R, Bouwman P, Jonkers J, Byers SW, Papa MZ, Yarden RI. Cooperation between BRCA1 and vitamin D is critical for histone acetylation of the p21waf1 promoter and growth inhibition of breast cancer cells and cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2014; 5:11827-46. [PMID: 25460500 PMCID: PMC4322975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carriers of germline mutations in the BRCA1 gene have a significant increased lifetime risk for being diagnosed with breast cancer. The incomplete penetrance of BRCA1 suggests that environmental and/or genetic factors modify the risk and incidence among mutation carriers. Nutrition and particular micronutrients play a central role in modifying the phenotypic expression of a given genotype by regulating chromatin structure and gene expression. The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is a potent inhibitor of breast cancer growth. Here we report that two non-calcemic analogues of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, seocalcitol (EB1089) and QW-1624F2-2, collaborate with BRCA1 in mediating growth inhibition of breast cancer cells and breast cancer stem-like cells. EB1089 induces a G1/S phase growth arrest that coincides with induction of p21waf1 expression only in BRCA1-expressing cells. A complete knockdown of BRCA1 or p21waf1 renders the cells unresponsive to EB1089. Furthermore, we show that in the presence of ligand, BRCA1 associates with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the complex co-occupies vitamin D responsive elements (VDRE) at the CDKN1A (p21waf1) promoter and enhances acetylation of histone H3 and H4 at these sites. Thus, BRCA1 expression is critical for mediating the biological impact of vitamin D3 in breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Pickholtz
- Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Department of Surgical Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shira Saadyan
- Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Department of Surgical Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Gilmor I. Keshet
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Victor S. Wang
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Rachel Cohen
- Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Department of Surgical Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomic Center, The Netherland Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomic Center, The Netherland Cancer Institute, Amsterdam 1066, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen W. Byers
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW Washington DC 20057, USA
| | - Moshe Z. Papa
- Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Department of Surgical Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ronit I. Yarden
- Laboratory of Genomic Applications, Department of Surgical Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Sheba Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan 52621, Israel
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20057, USA
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, NW Washington DC 20057, USA
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50
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Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is not only key to genome stability but is also an important anticancer target. Through an shRNA library-based screening, we identified ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme H7 (UbcH7, also known as Ube2L3), a ubiquitin E2 enzyme, as a critical player in DSB repair. UbcH7 regulates both the steady-state and replicative stress-induced ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of the tumor suppressor p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1). Phosphorylation of 53BP1 at the N terminus is involved in the replicative stress-induced 53BP1 degradation. Depletion of UbcH7 stabilizes 53BP1, leading to inhibition of DSB end resection. Therefore, UbcH7-depleted cells display increased nonhomologous end-joining and reduced homologous recombination for DSB repair. Accordingly, UbcH7-depleted cells are sensitive to DNA damage likely because they mainly used the error-prone nonhomologous end-joining pathway to repair DSBs. Our studies reveal a novel layer of regulation of the DSB repair choice and propose an innovative approach to enhance the effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy through stabilizing 53BP1.
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