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Affiliation(s)
- D T Simmons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark 19716, USA
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Rhim JS, Jay G, Arnstein P, Price FM, Sanford KK, Aaronson SA. Neoplastic transformation of human epidermal keratinocytes by AD12-SV40 and Kirsten sarcoma viruses. Science 1985; 227:1250-2. [PMID: 2579430 DOI: 10.1126/science.2579430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations have begun to dissect the number and nature of genetic alterations associated with cancer cells. In the present study, primary human epidermal keratinocytes acquired indefinite life-span in culture but did not undergo malignant conversion in response to infection with a hybrid of adenovirus 12 and simian virus 40. Addition of Kirsten murine sarcoma virus, which contains a K-ras oncogene, to these cells induced morphological alterations associated with the acquisition of neoplastic properties. These findings demonstrate the malignant transformation of human primary epithelial cells in culture and support a multiple-step process for neoplastic conversion.
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3
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Tjian R. Regulation of viral transcription and DNA replication by the SV40 large T antigen. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1981; 93:5-24. [PMID: 6269805 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-68123-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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4
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Rhim JS, Trimmer R, Arnstein P, Huebner RJ. Neoplastic transformation of chimpanzee cells induced by adenovirus type 12--simian virus 40 hybrid virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:313-7. [PMID: 6264437 PMCID: PMC319043 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.1.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenovirus 12--simian virus 40 hybrid virus produced neoplastic transformation of chimpanzee skin fibroblasts in vitro. The transformed fibroblasts showed morphological alteration and became permanent lines. The transformed cells contained both adenovirus 12 and simian virus 40 large tumor antigens and were virus producers. However at passage 9, one line (WES) was found to be a nonproducer, producing neither infectious virus nor virus-specific antigen detectable by the complement fixation test. Virus particles were not detected nor could infectious hybrid virus be rescued from this line by cocultivation with Vero cells. The transformed cells formed large cell aggregates and grew in liquid growth medium above an agar base, formed colonies in soft agar, and grew to high saturation densities; the normal chimpanzee skin fibroblasts did not. One transformed WES line produced tumors when transplanted subcutaneously into newborn nude mice, thus providing an important tool for studying tumor immunity in the chimpanzee.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviruses, Human/pathogenicity
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Cells, Cultured
- Female
- Fibroblasts
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Pan troglodytes
- Sarcoma, Experimental/etiology
- Simian virus 40/pathogenicity
- Skin
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Virus Cultivation
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Lavialle C, Stévenet J, Morris AG, Suarez HG, Estrade S, Salomon JC, Cassingena R. Simian virus 40-chinese hamster kidney cell interaction. I. Relationship of chromosome changes to transformation. Arch Virol 1975; 49:127-39. [PMID: 174521 DOI: 10.1007/bf01317532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After approximately 20 in vitro passages, Chinese hamster kidney (CHK) cell cultures transformed upon exposure to different strains of SV 40 can show a diploid modal chromosome number of 22 with chromosome counts exclusively or essentially in the diploid range (20-25). In primary culture and at the 5th-7th subculture, tumors produced in nude mice by such cells can display a diploid modal value of 22 chromosomes. Numerical chromosome variations and karyotype abnormalities observed in CHK cells transformed upon infection with SV 40, are apparently indistinguishable from those that can be observed in uninfected CHK cells undergoing "spontaneous"-transformation. These results indicate that polyploidization is not a necessary step either in the process of transformation or in that of tumorigenic conversion with SV 40.
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Chino F. Tumorigenesis of adenovirus-SV 40 hybrids in hamsters. ACTA PATHOLOGICA JAPONICA 1973; 23:479-91. [PMID: 4357060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.1973.tb01219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Layne SS, Duff R, Rapp F. Quantitative transformation of primate cells by PARA (defective SV40)-adenovirus type 7. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1972; 39:74-82. [PMID: 4344149 DOI: 10.1007/bf01241530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Butel JS, Tevethia SS, Melnick JL. Oncogenicity and cell transformation by papovavirus SV40: the role of the viral genome. Adv Cancer Res 1972; 15:1-55. [PMID: 4333789 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Butel JS, Melnick JL, Tevethia SS. Effect of adenovirus type 12 on tumor induction by SV40 and para (defective SV40). Int J Cancer 1971; 7:112-8. [PMID: 4322932 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910070113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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12
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Pontén J. Spontaneous and virus induced transformation in cell culture. VIROLOGY MONOGRAPHS. DIE VIRUSFORSCHUNG IN EINZELDARSTELLUNGEN 1971; 8:1-253. [PMID: 4354654 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-8258-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Easton JM, Rabson AS, Malmgren RA. Transformation of hamster cells in vivo and in vitro by an adenovirus 4-SV40 hybrid. Int J Cancer 1970; 5:15-20. [PMID: 4313230 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910050103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Vonka V, Kutinová L, Závadová H, Rezácová D. Transformation of hamster embryo fibroblasts by SV40-adeno 7 hybrid virus and the properties of the transformed cells. ARCHIV FUR DIE GESAMTE VIRUSFORSCHUNG 1969; 26:377-88. [PMID: 4306373 DOI: 10.1007/bf01250948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rapp F, Pauluzzi S, Butel JS. Variation in properties of plaque progeny of PARA (defective simian papovavirus 40)-adenovirus 7. J Virol 1969; 4:626-31. [PMID: 4311794 PMCID: PMC375918 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.4.5.626-631.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One hundred and twelve progeny from double plaque-purified clones were derived from the original PARA (defective simian papovavirus 40)-adenovirus 7 population. These progeny were found to differ in their oncogenic potential in newborn hamsters with progeny from 20 clones not inducing any tumors during 1 year of observation. The varying tumorigenicity of the individual clonal progeny was not related to the titer of PARA (particle aiding replication of adenovirus) in the inoculum. There was a perfect correlation between the tumor antigen content of the tumor cells and the antibody response of the tumor-bearing host. The tumors containing both adenovirus and simian papovavirus 40 (SV40) tumor antigens appeared earlier than those carrying only SV40 tumor antigen. Progeny from clones which induced mixed tumors also produced tumors which contained only SV40 tumor antigen. Three variants of PARA were isolated which induced the synthesis of SV40 tumor antigen in the cytoplasm of infected simian cells; all other clones yielded progeny which induced synthesis of SV40 tumor antigen in the nucleus.
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Black PH, Berman LD, Dixon CB. In vitro transformation by adenovirus-simiam virus 40 hybrid viruses. IV. Properties of clones isolated from cell lines transformed by adenovirus 2-simiam virus 40 and adenovirus 12-simiam virus 40 transcapsidant hybird viruses. J Virol 1969; 4:694-703. [PMID: 4311797 PMCID: PMC375927 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.4.5.694-703.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clones were isolated from hamster cells transformed by the adenovirus 2-SV40 and adenovirus 12-SV40 transcapsidant hybrid viruses. The clones were characterized with respect to their cytomorphology, virus and antigen content, and the histomorphology of tumors induced by transplantation of the clonal sublines to hamsters. Three different cellular and colonial morphologies were observed. Clones with an SV40 morphology gave rise to tumors predominantly with an SV40 histology, whereas clones with an adenovirus morphology produced typical adenovirus tumors upon transplantation of the transformed cells. Clones which had features of both SV40 and adenovirus transformed cells gave rise to "intermediate" and adenovirus tumors. The results indicate that multiple events occur during transformation and tumorigenesis by the transcapsidant virus populations and provide an explanation for the multiplicity of findings which have been reported with these virus populations.
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Burns WH, Black PH. Induction experiments with adenovirus and polyoma virus transformed cell lines. Int J Cancer 1969; 4:204-11. [PMID: 4310454 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910040210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hanafusa H. Replication of oncogenic viruses in virus-induced tumor cells-their persistence and interaction with other viruses. Adv Cancer Res 1969; 12:137-65. [PMID: 4310052 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60330-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rapp F, Jerkofsky M, Melnick JL, Levy B. Variation in the oncogenic potential of human adenoviruses carrying a defective SV40 genome (PARA). J Exp Med 1968; 127:77-90. [PMID: 4294682 PMCID: PMC2138431 DOI: 10.1084/jem.127.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of the defective SV40 genome by a variety of human adenovirus serotypes by the process of transcapsidation has resulted in the addition of oncogenic potential for newborn hamsters to the previously nononcogenic adenovirus types 1, 2, 5, and 6. These serotypes have previously been grouped together by the high GC content of their DNA. Transcapsidation of the SV40 genome to weakly oncogenic adenovirus types 3, 14, 16, and 21 has failed to increase their oncogenic potential although the parent adenovirus type 7 carrying PARA is highly oncogenic. These serotypes belong to the group possessing a DNA of intermediate GC content. All the PARA-adenovirus populations, even those that were nononcogenic, were able to induce SV40 transplantation immunity and therefore carry the SV40 transplantation marker as well as the marker for synthesis of SV40 tumor or T antigen.
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Diamond L. Transformation of simian virus 40-resistant hamster cells with an adenovirus 7-simian virus 40 hybrid. J Virol 1967; 1:1109-16. [PMID: 4316243 PMCID: PMC375397 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.1.6.1109-1116.1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
When the hamster cell lines BHK21 and Nil-2 were infected at a multiplicity of 100 with the adenovirus 7-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrid (strain LLE46), SV40 T antigen was induced in 0.1 to 6% of the cells during the first 96 hr postinfection, morphological changes occurred 3 to 7 weeks later, and eventually all the cells contained SV40 T antigen, but no adeno 7 T antigen. Results were similar when primary and secondary monolayer cultures of hamster embryo (HE) cells were infected with the adeno 7-SV40 hybrid, and when primary HE cells were infected with SV40. However, infection of BHK21, Nil-2, and secondary HE cells with the same multiplicity of SV40 did not induce SV40 T antigen or morphological transformation. This suggests that the target cells required for infection with SV40 virions, but not those required for infection with the hybrid, are lost or altered in secondary HE cultures and in the two cell lines. In most of the virus-host cell systems in which SV40 T antigen and transformation were induced, there was a decrease in the number of T antigen-positive cells after the initial infection. This was followed by a lag period of up to 2 months before the onset of a progressive increase in the number of positive cells. The beginning of the rise in T antigen production coincided with the first morphological changes.
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Freeman AE, Vanderpool EA, Black PH, Turner HC, Huebner RJ. Transformation of primary rat embryo cells by a weakly oncogenic adenovirus--type 3. Nature 1967; 216:171-3. [PMID: 6057228 DOI: 10.1038/216171a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Freeman AE, Black PH, Vanderpool EA, Henry PH, Austin JB, Huebner RJ. Transformation of primary rat embryo cells by adenovirus type 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1967; 58:1205-12. [PMID: 4861310 PMCID: PMC335769 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.58.3.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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Black PH, Lewis AM, Blacklow NR, Austin JB, Rowe WP. The presence of adenovirus-specific antigens in hamster cells rendered neoplastic by adenovirus 1-SV40 and adenovirus 2-SV40 hybrid viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1967; 57:1324-30. [PMID: 4292152 PMCID: PMC224475 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.57.5.1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Igel HJ, Black PH. In vitro transformation by the adenovirus-SV40 hybrid viruses. 3. Morphology of tumors induced with transformed cells. J Exp Med 1967; 125:647-56. [PMID: 4289742 PMCID: PMC2138363 DOI: 10.1084/jem.125.4.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors induced with hamster kidney cells transformed by the adeno 2-, adeno 3-, adeno 7-, and adeno 12-SV40 hybrid viruses, and by adenovirus type 12, were examined histologically. The tumors induced with adeno 2-, adeno 3-, and adeno 7-SV40-transformed cells were similar to tumors induced with SV40-transformed hamster kidney cells but contained cells intermediate in morphology between SV40 and adenovirus tumor cells and occasionally contained nests of adenovirus-like cells. Cells transformed by the adeno 12-SV40 hybrid and by adenovirus type 12 gave rise to morphologically similar tumors. The results suggest that both viral genomes are operative in hybrid-transformed cells but that one genome is apparently responsible for the predominant morphology of the tumor. Evidence that the morphology of a single transformed target cell is determined by the transforming genome was discussed.
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