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Bridges K, Pizzurro GA, Khunte M, Chen M, Salvador Rocha E, Alexander AF, Bass V, Kellman LN, Baskaran J, Miller-Jensen K. Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a Subset of High IL-12p40-Secreting Dendritic Cells within Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages Differentiated with M-CSF. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1357-1365. [PMID: 38416039 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), although ontogenetically distinct, have overlapping functions and exhibit substantial cell-to-cell heterogeneity that can complicate their identification and obscure innate immune function. In this study, we report that M-CSF-differentiated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) exhibit extreme heterogeneity in the production of IL-12, a key proinflammatory cytokine linking innate and adaptive immunity. A microwell secretion assay revealed that a small fraction of BMDMs stimulated with LPS secrete most IL-12p40, and we confirmed that this is due to extremely high expression of Il12b, the gene encoding IL-12p40, in a subset of cells. Using an Il12b-YFP reporter mouse, we isolated cells with high LPS-induced Il12b expression and found that this subset was enriched for genes associated with the DC lineage. Single-cell RNA sequencing data confirmed a DC-like subset that differentiates within BMDM cultures that is transcriptionally distinct but could not be isolated by surface marker expression. Although not readily apparent in the resting state, upon LPS stimulation, this subset exhibited a typical DC-associated activation program that is distinct from LPS-induced stochastic BMDM cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Overall, our findings underscore the difficulty in distinguishing macrophages and DCs even in widely used in vitro murine BMDM cultures and could affect the interpretation of some studies that use BMDMs to explore acute inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Bridges
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Mihir Khunte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Meibin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | | | | | - Victor Bass
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Laura N Kellman
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Janani Baskaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Kathryn Miller-Jensen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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2
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Fageräng B, Lau C, Mc Adam KE, Schjalm C, Christiansen D, Garred P, Nilsson PH, Mollnes TE. A novel selective leukocyte depletion human whole blood model reveals the specific roles of monocytes and granulocytes in the cytokine response to Escherichia coli. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:647-663. [PMID: 38057165 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lepirudin-based human whole blood model is a well-established ex vivo system to characterize inflammatory responses. However, the contribution of individual cell populations to cytokine release has not been investigated. Thus, we modified the model by selectively removing leukocyte subpopulations to elucidate their contribution to the inflammatory response. Lepirudin-anticoagulated whole blood was depleted from monocytes or granulocytes using StraightFrom Whole Blood MicroBeads. Reconstituted blood was incubated with Escherichia coli (108/mL) for 2 hours at 37 °C. CD11b, CD62P, and CD63 were detected by flow cytometry. Complement (C3bc, sC5b-9) and platelet activation (platelet factor 4, NAP-2) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cytokines were quantified by multiplex assay. A significant (P < 0.05) specific depletion of the monocyte (mean = 86%; 95% confidence interval = 71%-92%) and granulocyte (mean = 97%; 95% confidence interval = 96%-98%) population was obtained. Background activation induced by the depletion protocol was negligible for complement (C3bc and sC5b-9), leukocytes (CD11b), and platelets (NAP-2). Upon Escherichia coli incubation, release of 10 of the 24 cytokines was solely dependent on monocytes (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17A, interferon-γ, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and fibroblast growth factor-basic), whereas 8 were dependent on both monocytes and granulocytes (IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, tumor necrosis factor, and eotaxin). Six cytokines were not monocyte or granulocyte dependent, of which platelet-derived growth factor and RANTES were mainly platelet dependent. We document an effective model for selective depletion of leukocyte subpopulations from whole blood, without causing background activation, allowing in-depth cellular characterization. The results are in accordance with monocytes playing a major role in cytokine release and expand our knowledge of the significant role of granulocytes in the response to E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Fageräng
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 26, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Parkveien 95, 8005 Bodø, Norway
| | - Karin Ekholt Mc Adam
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloesvej 26, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Linnæus Center of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnæus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 20, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Parkveien 95, 8005 Bodø, Norway
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3
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Hourani T, Eivazitork M, Balendran T, Mc Lee K, Hamilton JA, Zhu HJ, Iaria J, Morokoff AP, Luwor RB, Achuthan AA. Signaling pathways underlying TGF-β mediated suppression of IL-12A gene expression in monocytes. Mol Immunol 2024; 166:101-109. [PMID: 38278031 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for multiple biological processes, including the regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. One of the important functions of TGF-β is the suppression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12), which is crucial for mounting an anti-tumorigenic response. Although the regulation of the IL-12p40 subunit (encoded by the IL-12B gene) of IL-12 has been extensively investigated, the knowledge of IL-12p35 (encoded by IL-12A gene) subunit regulation is relatively limited. This study investigates the molecular regulation of IL-12A by TGF-β-activated signaling pathways in THP-1 monocytes. Our study identifies a complex regulation of IL-12A gene expression by TGF-β, which involves multiple cellular signaling pathways, such as Smad2/3, NF-κB, p38 and JNK1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of NF-κB signaling decreased IL-12A expression, while blocking the Smad2/3 signaling pathway by overexpression of Smad7 and inhibiting JNK1/2 signaling with a pharmacological inhibitor, SP600125, increased its expression. The elucidated signaling pathways that regulate IL-12A gene expression potentially provide new therapeutic targets to increase IL-12 levels in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Hourani
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mahtab Eivazitork
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Thivya Balendran
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin Mc Lee
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John A Hamilton
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Hong-Jian Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Josephine Iaria
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew P Morokoff
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Rodney B Luwor
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia; Federation University, Ballarat, VIC 3350, Australia
| | - Adrian A Achuthan
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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Pabani A, Gainor JF. Facts and Hopes: Immunocytokines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3841-3849. [PMID: 37227449 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The clinical development of cytokines as cancer therapeutics has been limited due to significant toxicities generally observed with systemic administration. This narrow therapeutic window, together with relatively modest efficacy, has made natural cytokines unattractive drug candidates. Immunocytokines represent a class of next-generation cytokines designed to overcome the challenges associated with traditional cytokines. These agents seek to improve the therapeutic index of cytokines by using antibodies as vehicles for the targeted delivery of immunomodulatory agents within the local tumor microenvironment (TME). Various molecular formats and cytokine payloads have been studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the rationale, preclinical support, and current clinical development strategies for immunocytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah Pabani
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Barnwal A, Ganguly S, Bhattacharyya J. Multifaceted Nano-DEV-IL for Sustained Release of IL-12 to Avert the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and IL-12-Associated Toxicities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20012-20026. [PMID: 37068138 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) demonstrates potent antitumor activity by enhancing Th1/Th2 response, facilitating cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) recruitment into tumors, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and depleting immunosuppressive cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Despite having encouraging preclinical and some clinical results, further development of IL-12 is limited because dose-limiting toxicity is observed in early clinical trials with systemic administration of recombinant human IL-12. Hence, strategies aiming to lower the toxicity and to improve response rates are unmet needs. In this study, IL-12 was encapsulated in extracellular vesicles derived from mature dendritic cells (DEVs) activated with tumor antigens. IL-12-encapsulated DEVs (DEV-IL) delayed the growth of murine glioblastoma by facilitating the recruitment of CD8 T-cells, NK-cells, and DCs and effectively depleting immunosuppressive cells in the TME. DEV-IL shifted the Th1/Th2 ratio toward dominating Th1 cytokines which further led to the inhibition of angiogenesis. In addition, DEV-IL also modulated systemic immunity by enhancing CTL activity and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the spleen. Interestingly, DEV-IL did not impart hepatic and immunotoxicity which was observed with free IL-12 administration. Hence, our study established DEV-IL as a potent platform for the sustained delivery of cytokines and could be a promising immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Barnwal
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Jayanta Bhattacharyya
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Science, Delhi 110029, India
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van der Geest R, Fan H, Peñaloza HF, Bain WG, Xiong Z, Kohli N, Larson E, Sullivan MLG, Franks JM, Stolz DB, Ito R, Chen K, Doi Y, Harriff MJ, Lee JS. Phagocytosis is a primary determinant of pulmonary clearance of clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1150658. [PMID: 37056705 PMCID: PMC10086180 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1150658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Although previous studies have suggested that evasion of phagocytic uptake is a virulence determinant of Kp, few studies have examined phagocytosis sensitivity in clinical Kp isolates. Methods We screened 19 clinical respiratory Kp isolates that were previously assessed for mucoviscosity for their sensitivity to macrophage phagocytic uptake, and evaluated phagocytosis as a functional correlate of in vivo Kp pathogenicity. Results The respiratory Kp isolates displayed heterogeneity in the susceptibility to macrophage phagocytic uptake, with 14 out of 19 Kp isolates displaying relative phagocytosis-sensitivity compared to the reference Kp strain ATCC 43816, and 5 out of 19 Kp isolates displaying relative phagocytosis-resistance. Intratracheal infection with the non-mucoviscous phagocytosis-sensitive isolate S17 resulted in a significantly lower bacterial burden compared to infection with the mucoviscous phagocytosis-resistant isolate W42. In addition, infection with S17 was associated with a reduced inflammatory response, including reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count, and reduced BAL TNF, IL-1β, and IL-12p40 levels. Importantly, host control of infection with the phagocytosis-sensitive S17 isolate was impaired in alveolar macrophage (AM)-depleted mice, whereas AM-depletion had no significant impact on host defense against infection with the phagocytosis-resistant W42 isolate. Conclusion Altogether, these findings show that phagocytosis is a primary determinant of pulmonary clearance of clinical Kp isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick van der Geest
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hongye Fan
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hernán F. Peñaloza
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William G. Bain
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Naina Kohli
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Emily Larson
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Mara L. G. Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jonathan M. Franks
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryota Ito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daiichi Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kong Chen
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yohei Doi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Departments of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Melanie J. Harriff
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health State University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
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7
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Fukuhara H, Sato YT, Hou J, Iwai M, Todo T. Fusion peptide is superior to co-expressing subunits for arming oncolytic herpes virus with interleukin 12. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:40. [PMID: 36966232 PMCID: PMC10039936 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G47∆ is a triple-mutated oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) recently approved as a new drug for malignant glioma in Japan. As the next-generation, we develop armed oncolytic HSV-1 using G47∆ as the backbone. Because oncolytic HSV-1 elicits specific antitumor immunity, interleukin 12 (IL-12) can function as an effective payload to enhance the efficacy. METHODS We evaluate the optimal methods for expressing IL-12 as a payload for G47∆-based oncolytic HSV-1. Two new armed viruses are generated for evaluation by employing different methods to express IL-12: T-mfIL12 expresses murine IL-12 as a fusion peptide, with the genes of two subunits (p35 and p40) linked by bovine elastin motifs, and T-mIL12-IRES co-expresses the subunits, with the two genes separated by an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) sequence. RESULTS T-mfIL12 is significantly more efficient in producing IL-12 than T-mIL12-IRES in all cell lines tested, whereas the expression methods do not affect the replication capabilities and cytopathic effects. In two syngeneic mouse subcutaneous tumor models of Neuro2a and TRAMP-C2, T-mfIL12 exhibits a significantly higher efficacy than T-mIL12-IRES when inoculated intratumorally. Furthermore, T-mfIL12 shows a significantly higher intratumoral expression of functional IL-12, causing stronger stimulation of specific antitumor immune responses than T-mIL12-IRES. CONCLUSIONS The results implicate that a fusion-type expression of IL-12 is a method superior to co-expression of separate subunits, due to higher production of functional IL-12 molecules. This study led to the creation of triple-mutated oncolytic HSV-1 armed with human IL-12 currently used in phase 1/2 trial for malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fukuhara
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Urology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Yuzuri Tsurumaki Sato
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Jiangang Hou
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Miwako Iwai
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tomoki Todo
- Division of Innovative Cancer Therapy, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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8
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Zare M, Hesampour F, Poordast T, Valibeigi M, Enayatmehri M, Ahmadi S, Nasri F, Gharesi-Fard B. Association between gene polymorphisms of IL-12, IL-12 receptor and IL-27 and organ involvement in Iranian endometriosis patients. Int J Immunogenet 2023; 50:24-33. [PMID: 36328955 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue, immune cell dysfunction and abnormal cytokine secretion. In addition to immunological factors, genetic variations that influence endometriosis severity and cytokine expression levels play important roles in the pathogenesis of this disease. Interleukin-12 (IL-12), specifically its p40 subunit encoded by IL-12B gene and the interleukin-12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ2) chain of its receptor, as well as interleukin-27 (IL-27) are important in the establishment of endometriosis. So, in this study, we measured IL-12 and IL-27 serum levels and investigated the possible links between IL-12B rs3212227, IL-12Rβ2 rs3790565 and IL-27 rs153109 polymorphisms and the risk of developing endometriosis in a group of Iranian women. In this case-control study, 162 endometriosis patients and 151 healthy women were included and tested for the aforementioned polymorphisms using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was also used to measure IL-12 and IL-27 serum levels. Although there was no statistically significant association between the genotypes and alleles of the studied polymorphisms and the development of endometriosis in general, the AA genotype of IL-12B rs3212227 showed a significant association with uterine endometriosis when compared to AC+CC genotypes (p = .04, CI = 0.270-0.988, OR = 0.517). Indeed, the AA genotype of the IL-12B rs3212227 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) may be linked with a lower risk of developing uterine endometriosis. There was no significant difference in IL-27 levels between the two studied groups (p = .49), and IL-12 levels were undetectable in both groups. In conclusion, the AA genotype of IL-12B rs3212227 might be associated with a decreased risk of uterine involvement in endometriosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zare
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Hesampour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Rady Faculty of Health Science, Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E0T5, Canada
| | - Tahereh Poordast
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Valibeigi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maliheh Enayatmehri
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasri
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behrouz Gharesi-Fard
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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9
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Benson LN, Liu Y, Deck K, Mora C, Mu S. IFN- γ Contributes to the Immune Mechanisms of Hypertension. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:2164-2173. [PMID: 36591357 PMCID: PMC9802558 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0001292022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and the primary risk factor for mortality worldwide. For more than half a century, researchers have demonstrated that immunity plays an important role in the development of hypertension; however, the precise mechanisms are still under investigation. The current body of knowledge indicates that proinflammatory cytokines may play an important role in contributing to immune-related pathogenesis of hypertension. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), in particular, as an important cytokine that modulates immune responses, has been recently identified as a critical regulator of blood pressure by several groups, including us. In this review, we focus on exploring the role of IFN-γ in contributing to the pathogenesis of hypertension, outlining the various immune producers of this cytokine and described signaling mechanisms involved. We demonstrate a key role for IFN-γ in hypertension through global knockout studies and related downstream signaling pathways that IFN-γ production from CD8+ T cell (CD8T) in the kidney promoting CD8T-stimulated salt retention via renal tubule cells, thereby exacerbating hypertension. We discuss potential activators of these T cells described by the current literature and relay a novel hypothesis for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance N. Benson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Yunmeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Katherine Deck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Christoph Mora
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Shengyu Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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10
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Nahar Z, Sal‐Sabil N, Sohan M, Qusar MMAS, Islam MR. Higher serum interleukin-12 levels are associated with the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder: A case-control study results. Health Sci Rep 2022; 6:e1005. [PMID: 36582626 PMCID: PMC9789678 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the fourth biggest health-related concern that dramatically impacts individuals' mental and physical health. Alteration of serum proinflammatory cytokine levels may take part in the development and progression of MDD. We aimed to explore and compare the role of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs) and its involvement with the disease severity. Methods The present study included 85 patients and 87 age-sex matched HCs. A qualified psychiatrist utilized the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5) criteria to diagnose patients and evaluate HCs. We applied the Ham-D rating scale to measure the severity of depression. Serum IL-12 levels were measured using ELISA kits. Results We observed a notable increase in the serum levels of IL-12 in MDD patients compared to HCs (164.27 ± 10.18 pg/ml and 82.55 ± 4.40 pg/ml; p < 0.001). Moreover, we noticed a positive correlation between serum IL-12 levels and Ham-D scores in MDD patients (r = 0.363; p = 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed a good predictive performance (AUC = 0.871; p < 0.001) at the cut-off point of 53.46 pg/ml for serum IL-12. Conclusion The current study findings support that IL-12 levels are involved with the pathogenesis and inflammatory process in MDD. At the same time, this involvement may make this cytokine eligible for the risk evaluation of MDD. However, we recommend further interventional studies to explore more accurate associations between IL-12 and depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zabun Nahar
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Nisat Sal‐Sabil
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
| | - Md. Sohan
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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11
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Casas-Aparicio G, Alvarado-de la Barrera C, Escamilla-Illescas D, León-Rodríguez I, Del Río-Estrada PM, González-Navarro M, Calderón-Dávila N, Olmedo-Ocampo R, Castillejos-López M, Figueroa-Hernández L, Peralta-Prado AB, Luna-Villalobos Y, Piten-Isidro E, Fernández-Campos P, Juárez-Díaz A, Piekarska K, Ávila-Ríos S. Longitudinal Analysis of Urinary Cytokines and Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients with Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315419. [PMID: 36499745 PMCID: PMC9737068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In hospitalized COVID-19 patients, disease progression leading to acute kidney injury (AKI) may be driven by immune dysregulation. We explored the role of urinary cytokines and their relationship with kidney stress biomarkers in COVID-19 patients before and after the development of AKI. Of 51 patients, 54.9% developed AKI. The principal component analysis indicated that in subclinical AKI, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interferon (IFN)-α were associated with a lower risk of AKI, while interleukin-12 (IL-12) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β were associated with a higher risk of AKI. After the manifestation of AKI, EGF and IFN-α remained associated with a lower risk of AKI, while IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) and IL-5 were associated with a higher risk of AKI. EGF had an inverse correlation with kidney stress biomarkers. Subclinical AKI was characterized by a significant up-regulation of kidney stress biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines. The lack of EGF regenerative effects and IFN-α antiviral activity seemed crucial for renal disease progression. AKI involved a proinflammatory urinary cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Casas-Aparicio
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-51-71-47-18 (ext. 150)
| | - Claudia Alvarado-de la Barrera
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - David Escamilla-Illescas
- Dirección de Medicina, Fundación Clínica Médica Sur. Puente de Piedra 29, Col. Toriello Guerra, Ciudad de Mexico 14040, Mexico
| | - Isabel León-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Perla Mariana Del Río-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Mauricio González-Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Natalia Calderón-Dávila
- Departamento de Enseñanza, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Rossana Olmedo-Ocampo
- Médica Santa Carmen, Periférico Sur 5580, Local B, Col. El Caracol, Ciudad de Mexico 04739, Mexico
| | - Manuel Castillejos-López
- Unidad de Epidemiología Hospitalaria e Infectología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Liliana Figueroa-Hernández
- Laboratorio Clínico, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Amy B. Peralta-Prado
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Yara Luna-Villalobos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Elvira Piten-Isidro
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Paola Fernández-Campos
- Departamento de Enseñanza, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Juárez-Díaz
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Karolina Piekarska
- Departamento de Enseñanza, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
| | - Santiago Ávila-Ríos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Col. Sección XVI, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico
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12
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Novel strategies exploiting interleukin-12 in cancer immunotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Wilairatana P, Kwankaew P, Kotepui KU, Kotepui M. Low Interleukin-12 Levels concerning Severe Malaria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159345. [PMID: 35954703 PMCID: PMC9368085 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have investigated the role of interleukin (IL)-12 cytokine in the pathogenesis of severe malaria, these studies were based on a limited number of participants, possibly affecting their outcomes. We analyzed the difference in IL-12 levels between patients with severe and uncomplicated malaria through a meta-analysis. A systematic review was conducted following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Systematic literature searches were performed between 20 February and 2 March, 2022 in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to identify studies reporting IL-12 levels in patients with severe and uncomplicated malaria. The quality of included studies was determined using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. The pooled mean difference (MD) in IL-12 between patients with severe and uncomplicated malaria was estimated using the DerSimonian–Laird method for the random-effects model. Altogether, 1885 potentially relevant articles were identified, and 10 studies enrolling 654 patients with severe malaria and 626 patients with uncomplicated malaria were included in the meta-analysis. Patients with severe malaria had lower mean IL-12 levels than those with uncomplicated malaria (p = 0.01, MD: −33.62, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −58.79 to −8.45, I2: 99.29%, 10 studies). In conclusion, decreased IL-12 levels might significantly contribute to the development of severe malaria. As most published literature demonstrated the role of IL-12 in animal models, human studies are required to understand the mechanisms involved in low IL-12 levels in patients with severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Pattamaporn Kwankaew
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.K.); (K.U.K.)
| | - Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.K.); (K.U.K.)
| | - Manas Kotepui
- Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (P.K.); (K.U.K.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Zafar I, Galon EM, Kondoh D, Efstratiou A, Li J, Ji S, Liu M, Li Y, Hasegawa Y, Zhou J, Xuan X. The Cross-Species Immunity During Acute Babesia Co-Infection in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:885985. [PMID: 35719355 PMCID: PMC9198632 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.885985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Babesiosis causes high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. An earlier study suggested that lethal Babesia rodhaini infection in murine can be evaded by Babesia microti primary infection via activated macrophage-based immune response during the chronic stage of infection. However, whether the same immune dynamics occur during acute B. microti co-infection is not known. Hence, we used the mouse model to investigate the host immunity during simultaneous acute disease caused by two Babesia species of different pathogenicity. Results showed that B. microti primary infection attenuated parasitemia and conferred immunity in challenge-infected mice as early as day 4 post-primary infection. Likewise, acute Babesia co-infection undermined the splenic immune response, characterized by the significant decrease in splenic B and T cells leading to the reduction in antibody levels and decline in humoral immunity. Interestingly, increased macrophage and natural killer splenic cell populations were observed, depicting their subtle role in the protection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (i.e. IFN-γ, TNF-α) were downregulated, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was upregulated in mouse sera during the acute phase of Babesia co-infection. Herein, the major cytokines implicated in the lethality caused by B. rodhaini infection were IFN- γ and IL-10. Surprisingly, significant differences in the levels of serum IFN- γ and IL-10 between co-infected survival groups (day 4 and 6 challenge) indicated that even a two-day delay in challenge infection was crucial for the resulting pathology. Additionally, oxidative stress in the form of reactive oxygen species contributed to the severity of pathology during acute babesiosis. Histopathological examination of the spleen showed that the erosion of the marginal zone was more pronounced during B. rodhaini infection, while the loss of cellularity of the marginal zone was less evident during co-infection. Future research warrants investigation of the roles of various immune cell subtypes in the mechanism involved in the protection of Babesia co-infected hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Zafar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kondoh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | | | - Jixu Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shengwei Ji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, China
| | - Yongchang Li
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Parasitology Laboratory, Veterinary College, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yae Hasegawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
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15
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Dual Effect of Immune Cells within Tumour Microenvironment: Pro- and Anti-Tumour Effects and Their Triggers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071681. [PMID: 35406451 PMCID: PMC8996887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our body is constantly exposed to pathogens or external threats, but with the immune response that our body can develop, we can fight off and defeat possible attacks or infections. Nevertheless, sometimes this threat comes from an internal factor. Situations such as the existence of a tumour also cause our immune system (IS) to be put on alert. Indeed, the link between immunology and cancer is evident these days, with IS being used as one of the important targets for treating cancer. Our IS is able to eliminate those abnormal or damaged cells found in our body, preventing the uncontrolled proliferation of tumour cells that can lead to cancer. However, in several cases, tumour cells can escape from the IS. It has been observed that immune cells, the extracellular matrix, blood vessels, fat cells and various molecules could support tumour growth and development. Thus, the developing tumour receives structural support, irrigation and energy, among other resources, making its survival and progression possible. All these components that accompany and help the tumour to survive and to grow are called the tumour microenvironment (TME). Given the importance of its presence in the tumour development process, this review will focus on one of the components of the TME: immune cells. Immune cells can support anti-tumour immune response protecting us against tumour cells; nevertheless, they can also behave as pro-tumoural cells, thus promoting tumour progression and survival. In this review, the anti-tumour and pro-tumour immunity of several immune cells will be discussed. In addition, the TME influence on this dual effect will be also analysed.
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16
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Harris KM, Clements MA, Kwilasz AJ, Watkins LR. T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:475-516. [PMID: 34152881 PMCID: PMC8752099 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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17
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Heipertz EL, Zynda ER, Stav-Noraas TE, Hungler AD, Boucher SE, Kaur N, Vemuri MC. Current Perspectives on "Off-The-Shelf" Allogeneic NK and CAR-NK Cell Therapies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:732135. [PMID: 34925314 PMCID: PMC8671166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.732135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are the first line of the innate immune defense system, primarily located in peripheral circulation and lymphoid tissues. They kill virally infected and malignant cells through a balancing play of inhibitory and stimulatory receptors. In pre-clinical investigational studies, NK cells show promising anti-tumor effects and are used in adoptive transfer of activated and expanded cells, ex-vivo. NK cells express co-stimulatory molecules that are attractive targets for the immunotherapy of cancers. Recent clinical trials are investigating the use of CAR-NK for different cancers to determine the efficiency. Herein, we review NK cell therapy approaches (NK cell preparation from tissue sources, ways of expansion ex-vivo for "off-the-shelf" allogeneic cell-doses for therapies, and how different vector delivery systems are used to engineer NK cells with CARs) for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L. Heipertz
- Cell & Gene Therapy, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Evan R. Zynda
- BioProduction, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Grand Island, NY, United States
| | | | - Andrew D. Hungler
- Cell & Gene Therapy, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Shayne E. Boucher
- Cell & Gene Therapy, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Navjot Kaur
- Cell & Gene Therapy, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Mohan C. Vemuri
- Cell & Gene Therapy, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Frederick, MD, United States
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18
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Krebs R, Tikkanen JM, Raissadati A, Hollmén M, Dhaygude K, Lemström KB. Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 2 Attenuates Natural Killer Cell and Innate Immune Responses in an Experimental Model for Obliterative Bronchiolitis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 192:254-269. [PMID: 34774518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) after lung transplantation is a nonreversible, life-threatening complication. We investigated the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 and -2 in the development of obliterative airway disease (OAD), an experimental model for OB. The nonimmunosuppressed recipients underwent transplantation with fully major histocompatibility complex mismatched heterotopic tracheal allografts and received VEGFR-1 and -2-specific monoclonal antibodies either alone or in combination or rat IgG as a control. The treatment with VEGFR-1- or -2-blocking antibody significantly decreased intragraft mRNA expression of natural killer cell activation markers early after transplantation. This was followed by reduced infiltration of CD11b+ cells and CD4+ T cells as well as down-regulated mRNA expression of proinflammatory chemokines and profibrotic growth factors. However, blocking of both VEGFR-1 and -2 was necessary to reduce luminal occlusion. Furthermore, concomitant inhibition of the calcineurin activation pathway almost totally abolished the development of OAD. This study proposes that blocking of VEGF receptors blunted natural killer cell and innate immune responses early after transplantation and attenuated the development of OAD. The results of this study suggest that further studies on the role of VEGFR-1 and -2 blocking in development of obliterative airway lesions might be rewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Krebs
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jussi M Tikkanen
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alireza Raissadati
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Hollmén
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kishor Dhaygude
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl B Lemström
- Translational Immunology Research Program, Transplantation Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Gerber AN, Abdi K, Singh NJ. The subunits of IL-12, originating from two distinct cells, can functionally synergize to protect against pathogen dissemination in vivo. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109816. [PMID: 34644571 PMCID: PMC8569637 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are typically single gene products, except for the heterodimeric interleukin (IL)-12 family. The two subunits (IL-12p40 and IL-12p35) of the prototype IL-12 are known to be simultaneously co-expressed in activated myeloid cells, which secrete the fully active heterodimer to promote interferon (IFN)γ production in innate and adaptive cells. We find that chimeric mice containing mixtures of cells that can only express either IL-12p40 or IL-12p35, but not both together, generate functional IL-12. This alternate two-cell pathway requires IL-12p40 from hematopoietic cells to extracellularly associate with IL-12p35 from radiation-resistant cells. The two-cell mechanism is sufficient to propel local T cell differentiation in sites distal to the initial infection and helps control systemic dissemination of a pathogen, although not parasite burden, at the site of infection. Broadly, this suggests that early secretion of IL-12p40 monomers by sentinel cells at the infection site may help prepare distal host tissues for potential pathogen arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Gerber
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Kaveh Abdi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | - Nevil J Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, HSF1, Room 380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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20
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Wang L, Yang F, Qiu Y, Ye L, Song D, Huang D. The Potential Roles of T Cells in Periapical Lesions. J Endod 2021; 48:70-79. [PMID: 34627784 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Periapical lesions are inflammatory diseases mainly caused by microbial infection from the root canal system, affecting the integrity of alveolar bone, periapical cementum, and periodontal ligament. The invasion of pathogenic microorganisms activates local inflammation and host immune response, especially the recruitment and differentiation of T cells. Many studies have discussed the fundamental roles of T cell-related immunological regulation and the possible clinical significance of cytokine disorders in periapical lesions. However, oral pathogen-mediated T cell immune response is far more clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to discuss the research status of T cell-related immunology involved in the progression of periapical lesions and potential future directions. METHODS We conducted a literature review focusing on T cell-related immunology in periapical lesions by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect online databases. RESULTS In total 108 articles were involved in this narrative review. During the development of periapical lesions, the infiltrated number of different types of T cells and the secretion of T cell-related cytokines in root apex region reflected the inflammatory status of periapical lesions. In addition, it was also highly correlated with the periapical bone destruction. Future study could attempt to provide a wider and deeper study on the expression profile and regulatory function of T cells in the development of periapical lesions. CONCLUSION This review would help us understand the essence of the T cell-related pathology of periapical lesions and raise the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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21
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Salem ML, Salman S, Barnawi IO. Brief in vitro IL-12 conditioning of CD8 + T Cells for anticancer adoptive T cell therapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:2751-2759. [PMID: 33966093 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy represents a potential treatment approach through non-specific and specific enhancement of the immune responses. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) is a potential modality of immunotherapy that depends on harvesting T cells from the tumor-bearing host, activating them in vitro and infusing them back to the same host. Several cytokines, in particular IL-2, IL-7 and IL-15, have been used to enhance survival T cells in vitro. Although effective, conditioning of T cells in vitro with these cytokines requires long-term culture which results in the loss of expression of their trafficking receptors mainly CD62L. It also results in exhaustion of the activated T cells and reduction in their functions upon adoptive transfer in vivo. Our recent studies and those of other groups showed that brief (3 days) conditioning of CD8+ T cells by IL-12 in vitro can result in enhancing function of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells. Adoptive transfer of these IL-12-conditioned CD8+ T cells into tumor-bearing mice, preconditioned with cyclophosphamide, 1 day before ACT, induced tumor eradication that was associated with generation of tumor-specific memory response. In this review, we summarize studies that indicated to the superiority of IL-12 as a potential cytokine for conditioning T cells for ACT. In addition, we discuss some of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern how IL-12 programs CD8+ T cells to enhance their functionality especially in vitro and its implication in combination with other ACT modalities, opening a avenue for the clinical application of this cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Labib Salem
- Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Research (CECR), Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Samar Salman
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyFaculty of MedicineTanta University Hospital, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim O Barnawi
- Animal Section, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Nonaka K, Saio M, Umemura N, Kikuchi A, Takahashi T, Osada S, Yoshida K. Th1 polarization in the tumor microenvironment upregulates the myeloid-derived suppressor-like function of macrophages. Cell Immunol 2021; 369:104437. [PMID: 34530344 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effect of Th1 polarization in the tumor microenvironment (TME) on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) maturation and activation. In our immunotherapy mouse model, with a Th1-dominant TME, tumors regressed in all cases, with complete regression in 80% of the cases. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells and activated CD4+ and CD8+T-cells increased in the tumor-draining lymph node, and correlated with each other in the therapeutic model. However, the cytotoxicity of tumor-infiltrating CD8+T-cells was slightly inhibited, whereas the number of T-cells significantly increased. Moreover, the number of TAMs increased; their maturation was inhibited; and nitrotyrosine (NT) production, as well as iNOS and arginase I expression, was increased, suggestive of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell-like immunosuppressive function of TAMs. IFN-γ knockout in the therapeutic model decreased NT production and induced macrophage maturation. Hence, Th1 polarization in the IFN-γ-dominant condition induces T-cell immune responses; however, it also enhances the immunosuppressive activity of TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Nonaka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1 Gifu City 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Masanao Saio
- Laboratory of Histopathology and Cytopathology, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Science, 3 Chome 39-15, Showacho Maebashi City 371-8511, Japan
| | - Naoki Umemura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
| | - Arizumi Kikuchi
- Daiyukai Research Institute for Medical Science, Aza Nijikkenya 25, Nishiazai Azai Cho 491-0113, Japan
| | - Takao Takahashi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1 Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
| | - Shinji Osada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1 Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido 1-1 Gifu City 501-1194, Japan
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23
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Merkley SD, Goodfellow SM, Guo Y, Wilton ZER, Byrum JR, Schwalm KC, Dinwiddie DL, Gullapalli RR, Deretic V, Jimenez Hernandez A, Bradfute SB, In JG, Castillo EF. Non-autophagy Role of Atg5 and NBR1 in Unconventional Secretion of IL-12 Prevents Gut Dysbiosis and Inflammation. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 16:259-274. [PMID: 34374750 PMCID: PMC8864635 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal myeloid cells play a critical role in balancing intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we report that expression of the autophagy-related 5 [Atg5] protein in myeloid cells prevents dysbiosis and excessive intestinal inflammation by limiting IL-12 production. Mice with a selective genetic deletion of Atg5 in myeloid cells [Atg5ΔMye] showed signs of dysbiosis preceding colitis, and exhibited severe intestinal inflammation upon colitis induction that was characterised by increased IFNγ production. The exacerbated colitis was linked to excess IL-12 secretion from Atg5-deficient myeloid cells and gut dysbiosis. Restoration of the intestinal microbiota or genetic deletion of IL-12 in Atg5ΔMye mice attenuated the intestinal inflammation in Atg5ΔMye mice. Additionally, Atg5 functions to limit IL-12 secretion through modulation of late endosome [LE] acidity. Last, the autophagy cargo receptor NBR1, which accumulates in Atg5-deficient cells, played a role by delivering IL-12 to LE. In summary, Atg5 expression in intestinal myeloid cells acts as an anti-inflammatory brake to regulate IL-12, thus preventing dysbiosis and uncontrolled IFNγ-driven intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth D Merkley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Samuel M Goodfellow
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zoe E R Wilton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Janie R Byrum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kurt C Schwalm
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Darrell L Dinwiddie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rama R Gullapalli
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anthony Jimenez Hernandez
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Steven B Bradfute
- Center for Global Health, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Julie G In
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Clinical and Translational Science Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA,Corresponding author: Eliseo F. Castillo, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, MSC 10 550, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
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24
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Hooshmandabbasi R, Kazemian A, Zerbe H, Kowalewski MP, Klisch K. Macrophages in bovine term placenta: An ultrastructural and molecular study. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:1243-1253. [PMID: 34174122 PMCID: PMC8519142 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Retention of foetal membranes (RFM) is a major reproductive disorder in dairy cows. An appropriate immune response is important for a physiological expulsion of the foetal membranes at parturition. Our study aims to provide a deeper insight into characteristics of foetal and maternal macrophages in bovine term placenta. We used transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR to provide a deeper insight into characteristics of foetal and maternal macrophages in bovine term placenta. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to define macrophage polarization in foetal and maternal compartments of normal term placenta. Gene expression of factors involved in M1 polarization [interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5), interleukin (IL)-12A, IL12B] and in M2 polarization (IL10) were studied. Ultrastructurally, foetal macrophages showed an irregular shape and large vacuoles, whereas the maternal macrophages were spindle shaped. By immunohistochemistry, macrophages were identified by a strong staining with the lysosomal marker Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP-1), while myofibroblast in the maternal stroma was positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. We used the LAMP-1 marker to compare the density of foetal stromal macrophages in placentas of cows with RFM and in controls, but no statistically significant difference was observed. RT-PCR showed a higher expression of all studied genes in the maternal compartment of the placenta and generally a higher expression of M1-, compared to M2-associated genes. Our results indicated that at parturition placental macrophages predominantly show the pro-inflammatory M1 polarization. The higher expression of all the target genes in the maternal compartment may denote that maternal macrophages in bovine term placenta are more frequent than foetal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Kazemian
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holm Zerbe
- Clinic of Ruminants, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Klisch
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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25
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Bell M, Gottschalk S. Engineered Cytokine Signaling to Improve CAR T Cell Effector Function. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684642. [PMID: 34177932 PMCID: PMC8220823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy with T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is a promising approach to improve outcomes for cancer patients. While CAR T cell therapy is effective for hematological malignancies, there is a need to improve the efficacy of this therapeutic approach for patients with solid tumors and brain tumors. At present, several approaches are being pursued to improve the antitumor activity of CAR T cells including i) targeting multiple antigens, ii) improving T cell expansion/persistence, iii) enhancing homing to tumor sites, and iv) rendering CAR T cells resistant to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Augmenting signal 3 of T cell activation by transgenic expression of cytokines or engineered cytokine receptors has emerged as a promising strategy since it not only improves CAR T cell expansion/persistence but also their ability to function in the immunosuppressive TME. In this review, we will provide an overview of cytokine biology and highlight genetic approaches that are actively being pursued to augment cytokine signaling in CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bell
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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26
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Sedighzadeh SS, Khoshbin AP, Razi S, Keshavarz-Fathi M, Rezaei N. A narrative review of tumor-associated macrophages in lung cancer: regulation of macrophage polarization and therapeutic implications. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:1889-1916. [PMID: 34012800 PMCID: PMC8107755 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the deadliest malignancy worldwide. An inflammatory microenvironment is a key factor contributing to lung tumor progression. Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are prominent components of the cancer immune microenvironment with diverse supportive and inhibitory effects on growth, progression, and metastasis of lung tumors. Two main macrophage phenotypes with different functions have been identified. They include inflammatory or classically activated (M1) and anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated (M2) macrophages. The contrasting functions of TAMs in relation to lung neoplasm progression stem from the presence of TAMs with varying tumor-promoting or anti-tumor activities. This wide spectrum of functions is governed by a network of cytokines and chemokines, cell-cell interactions, and signaling pathways. TAMs are promising therapeutic targets for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. There are several strategies for TAM targeting and utilizing them for therapeutic purposes including limiting monocyte recruitment and localization through various pathways such as CCL2-CCR2, CSF1-CSF1R, and CXCL12-CXCR4, targeting the activation of TAMs, genetic and epigenetic reprogramming of TAMs to antitumor phenotype, and utilizing TAMs as the carrier for anti-cancer drugs. In this review, we will outline the role of macrophages in the lung cancer initiation and progression, pathways regulating their function in lung cancer microenvironment as well as the role of these immune cells in the development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sadat Sedighzadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Pastaki Khoshbin
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Razi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Keshavarz-Fathi
- Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Sheffield, UK
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27
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Dharmajaya R, Sari DK. Role and value of inflammatory markers in brain tumors: A case controlled study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 63:102107. [PMID: 33659053 PMCID: PMC7890138 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Brain tumor is one of the most devastating diseases in the world. The Pathogenesis is vary in multiple aspect of mechanism. The tumor microenvironment contains many different noncancerous cell types in addition to cancer cells. Inflammation is thought to be one of the factors that influence the oncogenesis process in brain tumors. Methods This study is a case controlled analytical study that analyzes the relationship between levels of inflammatory markers with the type of brain tumor. Samples of 35 people were then categorized according to the variables above and analyzing to measure its significance. Results Based on demografic study, most sample was male with age was 41-50 years It was found that high levels of procalcitonin were found in the case of glioma brain tumors. Procalcitonin level was considered a significant marker in predicting the severity of a brain tumor (p < 0.005). There was no significant value between the C-Reactive Protein and Neutrophyl-Lymphocyte ratio values for brain tumors. Discussion Abnormal inflammation is a characteristic of malignant cancers and malignant transformation of low-grade gliomas and other brain tumor. Inflammation-induced activation of transcription factors contributes to the survival and rapid growth of glioma cells. Conclusion As in other malignant cancers, inflammation may contribute to tumor progression. Biomarkers based on inflammation, such as the classical example of Procalcitonin and C-reactive protein, have been used to assess prognosis of glioma patients. These results should be validated and extended in larger clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha Dharmajaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Dina Keumala Sari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
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28
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Ullrich KAM, Schulze LL, Paap EM, Müller TM, Neurath MF, Zundler S. Immunology of IL-12: An update on functional activities and implications for disease. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1563-1589. [PMID: 33408595 PMCID: PMC7783470 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As its first identified member, Interleukin-12 (IL-12) named a whole family of cytokines. In response to pathogens, the heterodimeric protein, consisting of the two subunits p35 and p40, is secreted by phagocytic cells. Binding of IL-12 to the IL-12 receptor (IL-12R) on T and natural killer (NK) cells leads to signaling via signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) and subsequent interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production and secretion. Signaling downstream of IFN-γ includes activation of T-box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet) and induces pro-inflammatory functions of T helper 1 (TH1) cells, thereby linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Initial views on the role of IL-12 and clinical efforts to translate them into therapeutic approaches had to be re-interpreted following the discovery of other members of the IL-12 family, such as IL-23, sharing a subunit with IL-12. However, the importance of IL-12 with regard to immune processes in the context of infection and (auto-) inflammation is still beyond doubt. In this review, we will provide an update on functional activities of IL-12 and their implications for disease. We will begin with a summary on structure and function of the cytokine itself as well as its receptor and outline the signal transduction and the transcriptional regulation of IL-12 secretion. In the second part of the review, we will depict the involvement of IL-12 in immune-mediated diseases and relevant experimental disease models, while also providing an outlook on potential translational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A-M Ullrich
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Lou Schulze
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Paap
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Tanja M Müller
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Zundler
- Department of Medicine and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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29
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Cole S, Murray J, Simpson C, Okoye R, Tyson K, Griffiths M, Baeten D, Shaw S, Maroof A. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 Synergize to Promote MAIT Cell IL-17A and IL-17F Production Independently of IL-23 Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:585134. [PMID: 33329560 PMCID: PMC7714946 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.585134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-23 is considered a critical regulator of IL-17 in Th17 cells; however, its requirement for inducing IL-17 production in other human immune subsets remains incompletely understood. Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells uniformly express retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) but only a minor population have been shown to produce IL-17A. Here we show that IL-17F is the dominant IL-17 isoform produced by MAIT cells, not IL-17A. For optimal MAIT cell derived IL-17A and IL-17F production, T cell receptor (TCR) triggering, IL-18 and monocyte derived IL-12 signaling is required. Unlike Th17 cells, this process is independent of IL-23 signaling. Using an in vitro skin cell activation assay, we demonstrate that dual neutralization of both IL-17A and IL-17F resulted in greater suppression of inflammatory proteins than inhibition of IL-17A alone. Finally, we extend our findings by showing that other innate-like lymphocytes such as group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) and gamma delta (γδ) T cells are also capable of IL-23 independent IL-17A and IL-17F production. These data indicate both IL-17F and IL-17A production from MAIT cells may contribute to tissue inflammation independently of IL-23, in part explaining the therapeutic disconnect between targeting IL-17 or IL-23 in certain inflammatory diseases.
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30
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Flerlage T, Souquette A, Allen EK, Brahm T, Crawford JC, Tang L, Sun Y, Maron G, Wolf J, Triplett B, Thomas PG. Nasal Wash Cytokines during Respiratory Viral Infection in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell-Transplant Recipients. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:349-361. [PMID: 32551899 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0014oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell-transplant (alloHCT) recipients are at increased risk of complications from viral respiratory-tract infections (vRTIs). We measured cytokine concentrations in nasal washes (NWs) from pediatric alloHCT recipients to better understand their local response to vRTI. Forty-one immunologic analytes were measured in 70 NWs, collected during and after vRTI, from 15 alloHCT recipients (median age, 11 yr) with 19 episodes of vRTI. These were compared with NW cytokine concentrations from an independent group of otherwise healthy patients. AlloHCT recipients are able to produce a local response to vRTI and produce IFN-α2 and IL-12p40 in significant quantities above an uninfected baseline early in infection. Compared with otherwise healthy comparator-group patients, alloHCT recipients have higher NW concentrations of IL-4 when challenged with vRTI. Further study of these immunologic analytes as well as of type 1 versus type 2 balance in the respiratory mucosa in the context of vRTI during immune reconstitution may be of future research interest in this vulnerable patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Flerlage
- Department of Infectious Diseases.,Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine and
| | | | | | | | | | - Li Tang
- Department of Biostatistics, and
| | | | | | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases.,Department of Pediatrics, Health Science Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brandon Triplett
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and
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31
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IL-12 and IL-23-Close Relatives with Structural Homologies but Distinct Immunological Functions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102184. [PMID: 32998371 PMCID: PMC7600943 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines of the IL-12 family show structural similarities but have distinct functions in the immune system. Prominent members of this cytokine family are the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-23. These two cytokines share cytokine subunits and receptor chains but have different functions in autoimmune diseases, cancer and infections. Accordingly, structural knowledge about receptor complex formation is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies preventing and/or inhibiting cytokine:receptor interaction. In addition, intracellular signaling cascades can be targeted to inhibit cytokine-mediated effects. Single nucleotide polymorphisms can lead to alteration in the amino acid sequence and thereby influencing protein functions or protein–protein interactions. To understand the biology of IL-12 and IL-23 and to establish efficient targeting strategies structural knowledge about cytokines and respective receptors is crucial. A highly efficient therapy might be a combination of different drugs targeting extracellular cytokine:receptor assembly and intracellular signaling pathways.
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32
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Mirzaei A, Maleki M, Masoumi E, Maspi N. A historical review of the role of cytokines involved in leishmaniasis. Cytokine 2020; 145:155297. [PMID: 32972825 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by the Leishmania genus, affecting millions of persons in the world. Despite increased studies, no vaccine has been developed against leishmaniasis, and drug resistance is evolving in some Leishmania species (spp). Innate and acquired immune cells and their associated cytokines interplay together to determine the immune responses related outcomes in leishmaniasis. Interferon (IFN)-γ or macrophage activating factor (MAF) is the first effective lymphokine (LK), with a related function to leishmaniasis, discovered in 1979. This review article discussed the history of cytokines involved in Leishmania infection, and it is the first report demonstrating the involvement in the disease by focusing on cutaneous leishmaniasis. Up to now, the role of many cytokines has been determined and the literature review showed that IL-35 is the latest known cytokine involved in leishmaniasis. This review revealed that the cytokines have pleiotropic effects, depending upon the cytokine environment, generated during the infection and the host genetic background or infecting Leishmania spp. Overall, advances in our knowledge of immune cells and their secreted cytokines, contributing to the protection or pathological process of leishmaniasis may help to reach new approaches for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Mirzaei
- Department of Parasitology, School of Paramedicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Maryam Maleki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Elham Masoumi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Research Committee, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nahid Maspi
- Department of Parasitology, School of Paramedicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran; Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Circulating Cytokines Associated with Poor Pregnancy Outcomes in Beninese Exposed to Infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00042-20. [PMID: 32513854 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00042-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria during pregnancy is a major cause of maternal morbidity as well as fetal and neonatal mortality. Previous studies, including our own, suggested that placental and peripheral cytokine and chemokine levels measured at delivery can be used as biomarkers for pregnancy outcomes. However, the timing of malaria infection during pregnancy matters, and these studies do not address the effect of different cytokines in peripheral blood plasma samples taken at early and midpregnancy and at delivery. Here, we aimed to investigate whether peripheral plasma cytokine levels were associated with pregnancy outcomes in a cohort of 400 Beninese pregnant women. Using a high-sensitivity cytometry-based method, we quantified the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) in peripheral plasma samples taken at two time points during pregnancy and at delivery in various groups of pregnant women identified with Plasmodium falciparum infection, with anemia, with preterm births, or giving birth to babies who are small for their gestational age. We found that, consistently at all time points, elevated levels of IL-10 were strongly and significantly associated with P. falciparum infection, while the levels of IFN-γ at inclusion and delivery were weakly but also significantly associated. Low levels of IL-5 at delivery were associated with a greater risk of both preterm births and small-for-gestational-age babies. The immunosuppressive effects of IL-10 likely affect the overall cytokine equilibrium during pregnancy in women harboring P. falciparum infections. Our findings highlight the peripheral signature of pregnancy outcomes and strengthen the idea of using cytokines as diagnostic or prognostic markers.
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Bhatia S, Longino NV, Miller NJ, Kulikauskas R, Iyer JG, Ibrani D, Blom A, Byrd DR, Parvathaneni U, Twitty CG, Campbell JS, Le MH, Gargosky S, Pierce RH, Heller R, Daud AI, Nghiem P. Intratumoral Delivery of Plasmid IL12 Via Electroporation Leads to Regression of Injected and Noninjected Tumors in Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:598-607. [PMID: 31582519 PMCID: PMC9868004 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE IL12 promotes adaptive type I immunity and has demonstrated antitumor efficacy, but systemic administration leads to severe adverse events (AE), including death. This pilot trial investigated safety, efficacy, and immunologic activity of intratumoral delivery of IL12 plasmid DNA (tavo) via in vivo electroporation (i.t.-tavo-EP) in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive virus-associated skin cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifteen patients with MCC with superficial injectable tumor(s) received i.t.-tavo-EP on days 1, 5, and 8 of each cycle. Patients with locoregional MCC (cohort A, N = 3) received one cycle before definitive surgery in week 4. Patients with metastatic MCC (cohort B, N = 12) received up to four cycles total, administered at least 6 weeks apart. Serial tumor and blood samples were collected. RESULTS All patients successfully completed at least one cycle with transient, mild (grades 1 and 2) AEs and without significant systemic toxicity. Sustained (day 22) intratumoral expression of IL12 protein was observed along with local inflammation and increased tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell infiltration, which led to systemic immunologic and clinical responses. The overall response rate was 25% (3/12) in cohort B, with 2 patients experiencing durable clinical benefit (16 and 55+ months, respectively). Two cohort A patients (1 with pathologic complete remission) were recurrence-free at 44+ and 75+ months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS I.t.-tavo-EP was safe and feasible without systemic toxicity. Sustained local expression of IL12 protein and local inflammation led to systemic immune responses and clinically meaningful benefit in some patients. Gene electrotransfer, specifically i.t.-tavo-EP, warrants further investigation for immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailender Bhatia
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Natalie V. Longino
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Natalie J. Miller
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rima Kulikauskas
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jayasri G. Iyer
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dafina Ibrani
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Astrid Blom
- Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - David R. Byrd
- Department of Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Upendra Parvathaneni
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jean S. Campbell
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,OncoSec Medical Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | - Mai H. Le
- OncoSec Medical Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | | | - Robert H. Pierce
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,OncoSec Medical Incorporated, San Diego, California
| | - Richard Heller
- Old Dominion University, Frank Reidy Research Center for Bioelectrics, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Adil I. Daud
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul Nghiem
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington,Department of Medicine/Dermatology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
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Finger S, Knorr M, Molitor M, Schüler R, Garlapati V, Waisman A, Brandt M, Münzel T, Bopp T, Kossmann S, Karbach S, Wenzel P. A sequential interferon gamma directed chemotactic cellular immune response determines survival and cardiac function post-myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1907-1917. [PMID: 30949687 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myelomonocytic cells are critical in injury and healing post-myocardial infarction (MI). Mechanisms of regulation, however, are incompletely understood. The aim of the study was to elucidate the role of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the orchestrated inflammatory response in a murine model of MI. METHODS AND RESULTS MI was induced in 8- to 12-week-old male mice (C57BL/6 background) by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Lysozyme M (LysM)+ cell-depleted LysMiDTR transgenic mice displayed a reduced influx of CD45.2+/CD3-/CD11b+/Gr-1high neutrophils into infarcted myocardium 1 day post-MI compared with infarcted controls, paralleled by decreased cardiac mRNA levels of IFN-γ and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Mortality after MI was significantly increased in LysM+ cell-depleted mice within 28 days post-MI. To more specifically address the role of neutrophils, we depleted C57BL/6 mice with a monoclonal anti-Gr-1 antibody and found increased mortality, deteriorated cardiac function as well as decreased cardiac IFN-γ mRNA expression early after MI. Ccl2, Cxcl1, Cx3cl1, and Il12b mRNA were reduced 3 days after MI, as was the amount of CD11b+/Ly-6G-/Ly-6Chigh inflammatory monocytes. LAD-ligated Cramp-/- mice lacking cathelicidin important in neutrophil-dependent monocyte chemotaxis as well as IFNγ-/- and TNFα-/- mice phenocopied Gr-1+ cell-depleted mice, supporting a regulatory role of IFN-γ impacting on both the sequence of inflammatory cell invasion and cardiac outcome early after MI. The use of conditional IFN-γ receptor deficient mice indicated a direct effect of IFN-γ on LysM+ cells in cardiac injury post-MI. Using IFN-γ reporter mice and flow cytometry, we identified cardiac lymphoid cells (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells) as primary source of this cytokine in the cardiac inflammatory response post-MI. CONCLUSION IFN-γ directs a sequential chemotactic cellular immune response and determines survival and cardiac function post-MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Finger
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)-Partner site RheinMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maike Knorr
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Molitor
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)-Partner site RheinMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüler
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Venkata Garlapati
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)-Partner site RheinMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Moritz Brandt
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)-Partner site RheinMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße, 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Kossmann
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- The Heart Research Institute, 7 Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW, Australia
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)-Partner site RheinMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Cardiology-Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)-Partner site RheinMain, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, Mainz, Germany
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Matsumoto M, Kubota T, Fujita S, Shiozaki K, Kishida S, Yamamoto A. Elucidation of the Interleukin 12 Production Mechanism during Intracellular Bacterial Infection in Amberjack, Seriola dumerili. Infect Immun 2019; 87:e00459-19. [PMID: 31501250 PMCID: PMC6803335 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00459-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular bacterial infections affect all vertebrates. Cultured fish are particularly vulnerable because no effective protection measures have been established since such infections emerged approximately 50 years ago. As in other vertebrates, the induction of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role in protecting fish against infection. However, details of the mechanism of CMI induction in fish have not been clarified. In the present study, we focused on the production of interleukin 12 (IL-12), an important factor in CMI induction in fish. Using several different approaches, we investigated IL-12 regulation in amberjack (Seriola dumerili), the species most vulnerable to intracellular bacterial disease. The results of promoter assays and transcription factor gene expression analyses showed that the expression of interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) is necessary for IL-12 production. Phagocytosis of living cells (LCs) of Nocardia seriolae bacteria induced IL-12 production in neutrophils, accompanied by IRF-1 and AP-1 gene expression. Bacteria in which the exported repetitive protein (Erp)-like gene was deleted (Δerp-L) could not establish intracellular parasitism or induce IRF-1 and AP-1 expression or IL-12 production, despite being phagocytosed by neutrophils. These data suggest that IL-12 production is regulated by (i) two transcription factors, IRF-1 and AP-1, (ii) phagocytosis of LCs by neutrophils, and (iii) one or more cell components of LCs. Our results enhance the understanding of the immune response to intracellular bacterial infections in vertebrates and could facilitate the discovery of new agents to prevent intracellular bacterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Matsumoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Taisei Kubota
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Sinsuke Fujita
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shiozaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shosei Kishida
- Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Mueller-Ortiz SL, Shivshankar P, Wetsel RA. The Second Receptor for C5a, C5aR2, Is Detrimental to Mice during Systemic Infection with Listeria monocytogenes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2701-2711. [PMID: 31597707 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Listeria monocytogenes is acquired through ingestion of contaminated foods and may lead to systemic infection and possible death, with an overall 20% mortality rate. Our previous work using C5aR1-/- mice and C3aR-/- mice demonstrated that C5aR1 and C3aR both play powerful anti-inflammatory and prosurvival roles during systemic infection with L. monocytogenes In our current study, we have examined the role of the third anaphylatoxin receptor, C5aR2, in the host immune response to systemic L. monocytogenes infection. C5aR2-/- mice had significantly lower bacterial burdens in the spleens and livers on both day 1 and 3 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. The decreased bacterial burdens in the C5aR2-/- mice correlated with less liver damage and with improved survival of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleen on day 3 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. C5aR2-/- mice also produced significantly less G-CSF, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the serum, spleen, and liver on day 1 postinfection compared with C5aR2+/+ mice. C5aR2-/- and C5aR2+/+ mice produced similar amounts of IFN-γ in their spleens on day 1 postinfection. Purified naive splenocytes from C5aR2-/- mice produced significantly more IFN-γ and IL-12p70 during in vitro infection with L. monocytogenes compared with splenocytes from C5aR2+/+ mice in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Induction of IL-12 and IFN-γ early during infection with L. monocytogenes is protective to the host, and we believe this innate increased ability to produce more IL-12 and IFN-γ provided early protection to the C5aR2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L Mueller-Ortiz
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Pooja Shivshankar
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and
| | - Rick A Wetsel
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Research Center for Immunology and Autoimmune Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030; and .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030
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Kim D, Lee SH, Lee H, Kim SJ, Lee KH, Song SK. Analyses of the gene structure and function of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) interleukin 12 (IL-12). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:151-164. [PMID: 31108176 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
IL-12 is an important cytokine that connects the innate and adaptive immune systems. The complete gene structure of olive flounder IL-12 and its characteristics have not yet been formally reported. Here, we report the complete sequences of both subunits of olive flounder IL-12 (IL-12p35 and IL-12p40). In addition, its function was analyzed by generating the single-chain rIL-12 of which subunits were fused by a GS linker and the rIL-12-specific mouse antibody. The cDNA sequences of IL-12p35 and IL-12p40 were 1059 nucleotides and 1319 nucleotides, respectively. The analyses of their gene structures, deduced amino acid sequences, protein model structures, and phylogenetic trees confirmed the accurate identification of olive flounder IL-12. The protein structure model suggested that an inter-subunit disulfide bond might be formed between the Cys177 of p35 and Cys74 of p40 to link the subunits. Olive flounder expressed IL-12p40 at higher levels than IL-12p35 in the various tissues under natural conditions although both expression levels were low. However, when infected by Edwardsiella tarda or stimulated by LPS, the flounder expressed both of the subunit genes at similar maximized levels in 6 h and gradually reduced thereafter. Olive flounder PBMC induced with the rIL-12 increased IFN-γ and TNF-α expression but decreased IL-10 expression as did treatment with LPS. However, when the LPS-treated PBMC were neutralized with the rIL-12-specific antibody, the pattern of cytokine expression was precisely reversed. In conclusion, we have formally identified the gene structure and function of olive flounder IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Soon Ho Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Hayoung Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jung Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Kwan Hee Lee
- Immunus (Co. Ltd.) Nehemiah hall Rm. 301, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, 558 Handong-ro, Pohang-city, Gyeongbuk, 37554, South Korea.
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Schmidt L, Eskiocak B, Kohn R, Dang C, Joshi NS, DuPage M, Lee DY, Jacks T. Enhanced adaptive immune responses in lung adenocarcinoma through natural killer cell stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17460-17469. [PMID: 31409707 PMCID: PMC6717259 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904253116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells inhibit tumor development in mouse models and their presence in tumors correlates with patient survival. However, tumor-associated NK cells become dysfunctional; thus, stimulation of NK cells in cancer is emerging as an attractive immunotherapeutic strategy. In a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma, NK cells localized to tumor stroma with immature phenotypes and low functional capacity. To test their responsiveness within established disease, we engineered a system for inducible expression of activating ligands in tumors. After stimulation, NK cells localized inside tumors, with increased cytokine production capacity. Strikingly, T cells were also recruited to tumors in an NK cell-dependent manner, and exhibited higher functionality. In neoantigen-expressing tumors, NK cell stimulation enhanced the number and function of tumor-specific T cells and, in long-term settings, reduced tumor growth. Thus, even in established disease NK cells can be activated to contribute to antitumor immunity, supporting their potential as an important target in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Schmidt
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Banu Eskiocak
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Ryan Kohn
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Celeste Dang
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Michel DuPage
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Da-Yae Lee
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Suresh K, Naidoo J, Zhong Q, Xiong Y, Mammen J, de Flores MV, Cappelli L, Balaji A, Palmer T, Forde PM, Anagnostou V, Ettinger DS, Marrone KA, Kelly RJ, Hann CL, Levy B, Feliciano JL, Lin CT, Feller-Kopman D, Lerner AD, Lee H, Shafiq M, Yarmus L, Lipson EJ, Soloski M, Brahmer JR, Danoff SK, D'Alessio F. The alveolar immune cell landscape is dysregulated in checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:4305-4315. [PMID: 31310589 DOI: 10.1172/jci128654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a highly morbid complication of immune checkpoint immunotherapy (ICI), one which precludes the continuation of ICI. Yet, the mechanistic underpinnings of CIP are unknown. METHODS To better understand the mechanism of lung injury in CIP, we prospectively collected bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples in ICI-treated patients with (n=12) and without CIP (n=6), prior to initiation of first-line therapy for CIP (high dose corticosteroids. We analyzed BAL immune cell populations using a combination of traditional multicolor flow cytometry gating, unsupervised clustering analysis and BAL supernatant cytokine measurements. RESULTS We found increased BAL lymphocytosis, predominantly CD4+ T cells, in CIP. Specifically, we observed increased numbers of BAL central memory T-cells (Tcm), evidence of Type I polarization, and decreased expression of CTLA-4 and PD-1 in BAL Tregs, suggesting both activation of pro-inflammatory subsets and an attenuated suppressive phenotype. CIP BAL myeloid immune populations displayed enhanced expression of IL-1β and decreased expression of counter-regulatory IL-1RA. We observed increased levels of T cell chemoattractants in the BAL supernatant, consistent with our pro-inflammatory, lymphocytic cellular landscape. CONCLUSION We observe several immune cell subpopulations that are dysregulated in CIP, which may represent possible targets that could lead to therapeutics for this morbid immune related adverse event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jarushka Naidoo
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiong Zhong
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Ye Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | | | | | - Aanika Balaji
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tsvi Palmer
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Patrick M Forde
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Valsamo Anagnostou
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David S Ettinger
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen A Marrone
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ronan J Kelly
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christine L Hann
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Levy
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Josephine L Feliciano
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cheng-Ting Lin
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Hans Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Majid Shafiq
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Lonny Yarmus
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Evan J Lipson
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Endocrinology
| | | | - Julie R Brahmer
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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41
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Ramspacher A, Neudert M, Koller A, Schlager S, Kofler B, Brunner SM. Influence of the regulatory peptide galanin on cytokine expression in human monocytes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1455:185-195. [PMID: 31074091 PMCID: PMC6899851 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current research into neuropeptides is bringing to light many remarkable functions of these endocrine/neurocrine/paracrine factors, such as their roles in modulating immune responses. Galanin is a neuropeptide expressed in both neural and non‐neural tissues and exerts its effects through three G protein–coupled receptors, GAL1,2,3‐R. It has been demonstrated that galanin has modulatory effects on immune cells, including neutrophils and natural killer cells. Because monocytes express GAL2‐R, and therefore are expected to be a target of galanin, we analyzed the effect of galanin on the expression of cytokines and chemokines by monocytes. Galanin increased the expression of IL‐1β up to 1.5‐fold, TNF‐α, IL‐10, IL‐18, and CCL3 up to twofold, and CXCL8 up to fourfold in nonactivated monocytes, but had no major effect on activated monocytes. A cross‐correlation analysis of cytokine expression profiles, irrespective of the activation status of the monocytes, revealed that galanin changed the cross‐correlation of the expression of certain cytokines. Galanin abolished several significant correlations in IFN‐γ–stimulated monocytes. For example, treatment with 10 nM galanin changed the Spearman's rank coefficient of IL‐18 and CXCL8 from 0.622 (P ≤ 0.01) to 0.126. These results further emphasize the importance of neuroregulatory peptides, such as galanin and their therapeutic potential to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ramspacher
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Magdalena Neudert
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Andreas Koller
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,University Clinic of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Research Program for Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sandra Schlager
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Susanne Maria Brunner
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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42
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Di Vito C, Mikulak J, Zaghi E, Pesce S, Marcenaro E, Mavilio D. NK cells to cure cancer. Semin Immunol 2019; 41:101272. [PMID: 31085114 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes able to mediate immune-surveillance and clearance of viral infected and tumor-transformed cells. Growing experimental and clinical evidence highlighted a dual role of NK cells either in the control of cancer development/progression or in promoting the onset of immune-suppressant tumor microenvironments. Indeed, several mechanisms of NK cell-mediated tumor escape have been described and these includes cancer-induced aberrant expression of activating and inhibitory receptors (i.e. NK cell immune checkpoints), impairments of NK cell migration to tumor sites and altered NK cell effector-functions. These phenomena highly contribute to tumor progression and metastasis formation. In this review, we discuss the latest insights on those NK cell receptors and related molecules that are currently being implemented in clinics either as possible prognostic factors or therapeutic targets to unleash NK cell anti-tumor effector-functions in vivo. Moreover, we address here the major recent advances in regard to the genetic modification and ex vivo expansion of anti-tumor specific NK cells used in innovative adoptive cellular transfer approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Joanna Mikulak
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Zaghi
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pesce
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research (CEBR), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Italy.
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43
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Kashani A, Schwartz DA. The Expanding Role of Anti-IL-12 and/or Anti-IL-23 Antibodies in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2019; 15:255-265. [PMID: 31360139 PMCID: PMC6589846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 pathway is one of many proposed mechanistic pathways of intestinal inflammation. Earlier studies introduced IL-12 as a major cytokine in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. However, the discovery of IL-23 drew attention toward this new cytokine. Overwhelming data indicated that antibodies against IL-12p40 rendered their anti-inflammatory effect primarily via inhibition of IL-23. This is because IL-12 and IL-23 have the subunit p40 in common. These cytokines have become an attractive target of treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Targeting IL-12 selectively was not found to be an efficacious treatment. Coblockade of IL-12 and IL-23 via targeting of p40, however, was found to be effective. More recently, selective IL-23 blockade has been extensively studied with promising preliminary results. To date, there are several ongoing randomized clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy profiles of selective IL-23 inhibitors. Overall, the classes of anti-IL-12/IL-23 inhibitors and selective IL-23 inhibitors seem to be effective alternatives in patients who are nonresponders to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α agents, especially in a subgroup of secondary nonresponders. In addition, the immunogenicity and adverse event rates associated with antibodies against IL-12 and/or IL-23 seem to be very low. Considering all of this, these agents will be an important part of the treatment algorithm for patients with inflammatory bowel disease going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kashani
- Dr Kashani is an instructor in medicine and Dr Schwartz is a professor of medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at the Vanderbilt Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic in Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David A Schwartz
- Dr Kashani is an instructor in medicine and Dr Schwartz is a professor of medicine in the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition at the Vanderbilt Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinic in Nashville, Tennessee
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44
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Kumar R, Ng S, Engwerda C. The Role of IL-10 in Malaria: A Double Edged Sword. Front Immunol 2019; 10:229. [PMID: 30809232 PMCID: PMC6379449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10 produced by CD4+ T cells suppresses inflammation by inhibiting T cell functions and the upstream activities of antigen presenting cells (APCs). IL-10 was first identified in Th2 cells, but has since been described in IFNγ-producing Tbet+ Th1, FoxP3+ CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) and IL-17-producing CD4+ T (Th17) cells, as well as many innate and innate-like immune cell populations. IL-10 production by Th1 cells has emerged as an important mechanism to dampen inflammation in the face of intractable infection, including in African children with malaria. However, although these type I regulatory T (Tr1) cells protect tissue from inflammation, they may also promote disease by suppressing Th1 cell-mediated immunity, thereby allowing infection to persist. IL-10 produced by other immune cells during malaria can also influence disease outcome, but the full impact of this IL-10 production is still unclear. Together, the actions of this potent anti-inflammatory cytokine along with other immunoregulatory mechanisms that emerge following Plasmodium infection represent a potential hurdle for the development of immunity against malaria, whether naturally acquired or vaccine-induced. Recent advances in understanding how IL-10 production is initiated and regulated have revealed new opportunities for manipulating IL-10 for therapeutic advantage. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge about IL-10 production during malaria and discuss its impact on disease outcome. We will highlight recent advances in our understanding about how IL-10 production by specific immune cell subsets is regulated and consider how this knowledge may be used in drug delivery and vaccination strategies to help eliminate malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Susanna Ng
- Immunology and Infection Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christian Engwerda
- Immunology and Infection Lab, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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45
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Pawar VK, Singh Y, Sharma K, Shrivastav A, Sharma A, Singh A, Meher JG, Singh P, Raval K, Kumar A, Bora HK, Datta D, Lal J, Chourasia MK. Improved chemotherapy against breast cancer through immunotherapeutic activity of fucoidan decorated electrostatically assembled nanoparticles bearing doxorubicin. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 122:1100-1114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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46
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Effects of Jaw Periosteal Cells on Dendritic Cell Maturation. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7100312. [PMID: 30274241 PMCID: PMC6210277 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical application of tissue engineering products requires the exclusion of immune responses after implantation. We used jaw periosteal cells (JPCs) as a suitable stem cell source and analyzed herein the effects of JPCs on dendritic cell maturation after co-culturing of both cell types. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were differentiated to dendritic cells (DCs) by the addition of differentiation cocktails for 7 days in co-culture with undifferentiated and osteogenically induced JPCs. The effects of JPCs on DC maturation were analyzed at the beginning (day 7), in the middle (day 14), and at the end (day 21) of the osteogenesis process. We detected significantly lower DC numbers after co-culturing with JPCs that have previously been left untreated or osteogenically differentiated for 7, 14, and 21 days. Using gene expression analyses, significantly lower IL-12p35 and -p40 and pro-inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ and TNF-α) levels were detected, whereas IL-8 mRNA levels were significantly higher in DCs. Furthermore, osteogenic media conditions enhanced significantly IL-10 gene expression. We concluded that undifferentiated and osteogenically differentiated JPCs had an overall inhibiting influence on dendritic cell maturation. Further studies should clarify the underlaying mechanism in depth.
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47
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Merola JF, Espinoza LR, Fleischmann R. Distinguishing rheumatoid arthritis from psoriatic arthritis. RMD Open 2018; 4:e000656. [PMID: 30167326 PMCID: PMC6109814 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have key differences in clinical presentation, radiographic findings, comorbidities and pathogenesis to distinguish between these common forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Joint involvement is typically, but not always, asymmetric in PsA, while it is predominantly symmetric in RA. Bone erosions, without new bone growth, and cervical spine involvement are distinctive of RA, while axial spine involvement, psoriasis and nail dystrophy are distinctive of PsA. Patients with PsA typically have seronegative test findings for rheumatoid factor (RF) and cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibodies, while approximately 80% of patients with RA have positive findings for RF and CCP antibodies. Although there is overlap in the pathogenesis of PsA and RA, differences are also present that affect the efficacy of treatment. In PsA, levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are elevated, and in RA, levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-22, IL-33, TNF-α, chemokine ligand 11 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 13 are elevated. Differences in the pathogenesis of RA and PsA translate into some variances in the specificity and efficacy of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Merola
- Department of Dermatology, Medicine and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Luis R Espinoza
- Section of Rheumatology, LSU Health Sciences Center at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Roy Fleischmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Metroplex Clinical Research Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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48
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Jabeen S, Zucknick M, Nome M, Dannenfelser R, Fleischer T, Kumar S, Lüders T, von der Lippe Gythfeldt H, Troyanskaya O, Kyte JA, Børresen-Dale AL, Naume B, Tekpli X, Engebraaten O, Kristensen V. Serum cytokine levels in breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant treatment with bevacizumab. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1457598. [PMID: 30377556 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1457598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A high concentration of circulating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in cancer patients is associated with an aggressive tumor phenotype. Here, serum levels of 27 cytokines and blood cell counts were assessed in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab (Bev) in a randomized cohort of 132 patients with non-metastatic HER2-negative tumors. Cytokine levels were determined prior to treatment and at various time-points. The cytotoxic chemotherapy regimen of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) had a profound impact on both circulating white blood cells and circulating cytokine levels. At the end of FEC treatment, the global decrease in cytokine levels correlated with the drop in white blood cell counts and was significantly greater in the patients of the Bev arm for cytokines, such as VEGF-A, IL-12, IP-10 and IL-10. Among patients who received Bev, those with pathological complete response (pCR) exhibited significantly lower levels of VEGF-A, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-4 than patients without pCR. This effect was not observed in the chemotherapy-only arm. Certain circulating cytokine profiles were found to correlate with different immune cell types at the tumor site. For the Bev arm patients, the serum cytokine levels correlated with higher levels of cytotoxic T cells at the end of the therapy regimen, which was indicative of treatment response. The higher response rate for Bev-treated patients and stronger correlations between serum cytokine levels and infiltrating CD8T cells merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakila Jabeen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Manuela Zucknick
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marianne Nome
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ruth Dannenfelser
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Thomas Fleischer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torben Lüders
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hedda von der Lippe Gythfeldt
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olga Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America.,Simons Center for Data Analysis, Simons Foundation, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jon Amund Kyte
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Xavier Tekpli
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Olav Engebraaten
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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49
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A functional promoter polymorphism in interleukin 12B gene is associated with an increased risk of ovarian endometriosis. Gene 2018; 666:27-31. [PMID: 29738836 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role of functional genetic variant of IL12B in the pathogenesis of ovarian endometriosis. STUDY DESIGN This study included 815 patients with ovarian endometriosis and 788 women in the control group. Two polymorphisms were genotyped by a method of polymerase chain reaction and ligase detection reaction. To assess the biological significance of polymorphisms, we detected the level of IL12p40 protein expression in patients' eutopic endometrial tissues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULT(S) Compared with the CTCTAA/CTCTAA genotype, the GC/GC and GC/CTCTAA genotypes of rs17860508 could significantly increase the risk of ovarian endometriosis development (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.19-2.09; OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.08-1.74, respectively). Moreover, the IL12B mRNA was expressed at significantly higher levels in the eutopic endometrial tissue of patients with the GC/GC genotype than in patients with the CTCTAA/CTCTAA genotype. However, the rs3212227 polymorphism may not be associated with a risk of ovarian endometriosis. CONCLUSION(S) The rs17860508 polymorphism in the IL12B promoter region may influence the risk of developing ovarian endometriosis by altering the endometrial expression of IL12B of in Northern Chinese women.
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50
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Wenzel P. Monocytes as immune targets in arterial hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1966-1977. [PMID: 29885051 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of myelomonocytic cells appears to be critical for the initiation, progression and manifestation of arterial hypertension. Monocytes can induce vascular inflammation as well as tissue remodelling and (mal)adaptation by secreting chemokines and cytokines, producing ROS, expressing coagulation factors and transforming into macrophages. A multitude of adhesion molecules promote the infiltration and accumulation of monocytes into the kidney, heart, brain and vasculature in hypertension. All these facets offer the possibility to pharmacologically target monocytes and may represent novel therapeutic ways to treat hypertension, attenuate hypertension-associated end organ damage or prevent the development or worsening of high blood pressure. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Wenzel
- Center for Cardiology - Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main
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