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Campbell CA, Calderon R, Pavani G, Cheng X, Barakat R, Snella E, Liu F, Peng X, Essner JJ, Dorman KS, McGrail M, Gadue P, French DL, Espin-Palazon R. p65 signaling dynamics drive the developmental progression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells through cell cycle regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7787. [PMID: 39242546 PMCID: PMC11379711 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Most gene functions have been discovered through phenotypic observations under loss of function experiments that lack temporal control. However, cell signaling relies on limited transcriptional effectors, having to be re-used temporally and spatially within the organism. Despite that, the dynamic nature of signaling pathways have been overlooked due to the difficulty on their assessment, resulting in important bottlenecks. Here, we have utilized the rapid and synchronized developmental transitions occurring within the zebrafish embryo, in conjunction with custom NF-kB reporter embryos driving destabilized fluorophores that report signaling dynamics in real time. We reveal that NF-kB signaling works as a clock that controls the developmental progression of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by two p65 activity waves that inhibit cell cycle. Temporal disruption of each wave results in contrasting phenotypic outcomes: loss of HSPCs due to impaired specification versus proliferative expansion and failure to delaminate from their niche. We also show functional conservation during human hematopoietic development using iPSC models. Our work identifies p65 as a previously unrecognized contributor to cell cycle regulation, revealing why and when pro-inflammatory signaling is required during HSPC development. It highlights the importance of considering and leveraging cell signaling as a temporally dynamic entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clyde A Campbell
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
| | - Rodolfo Calderon
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Giulia Pavani
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaoyi Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Qalyubia, 13518, Egypt
| | - Elizabeth Snella
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Xiyu Peng
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Karin S Dorman
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Maura McGrail
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Paul Gadue
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raquel Espin-Palazon
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology; Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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2
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Liao R, Bresnick EH. Endogenous small molecule effectors in GATA transcription factor mechanisms governing biological and pathological processes. Exp Hematol 2024; 137:104252. [PMID: 38876253 PMCID: PMC11381147 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Transcriptional mechanisms establish and maintain complex genetic and protein networks to control cell state transitions. The hematopoietic transcription factor GATA1 is a master regulator of erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis, and human GATA1 genetic variants cause anemia and megakaryoblastic leukemia. Multiomic analyses revealed that GATA1 controls expression of transporters and metabolic enzymes that dictate intracellular levels of endogenous small molecules, including heme, metal ions, and sphingolipids. Besides its canonical function as a hemoglobin component, heme facilitates or antagonizes GATA1 function to regulate erythropoiesis via mechanisms dependent or independent of the heme-binding transcription factor BTB domain and CNC homology 1 (BACH1). GATA1 regulates the expression of genes encoding heme biosynthetic enzymes and BACH1. GATA1 maintains homeostasis of bioactive ceramides during erythroid differentiation by regulating genes encoding sphingolipid metabolic enzymes. Disrupting ceramide homeostasis impairs critical cytokine signaling and is detrimental to erythroid cells. During erythroid maturation, GATA1 induces a zinc transporter switch that favors export versus import, thus dictating the intracellular zinc level, erythroblast survival, and differentiation. In aggregate, these studies support an emerging paradigm in which GATA factor-dependent transcriptional mechanisms control the intracellular levels of endogenous small molecules and small molecule-dependent feedback loops that serve as vital effectors of transcription factor activity, genome function, and cell state transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Liao
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.
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3
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Gioacchino E, Zhang W, Koyunlar C, Zink J, de Looper H, Gussinklo KJ, Hoogenboezem R, Bosch D, Bindels E, Touw IP, de Pater E. GATA2 heterozygosity causes an epigenetic feedback mechanism resulting in myeloid and erythroid dysplasia. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:580-593. [PMID: 38887897 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 has a pivotal role in haematopoiesis. Heterozygous germline GATA2 mutations result in a syndrome characterized by immunodeficiency, bone marrow failure and predispositions to myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia. Clinical symptoms in these patients are diverse and mechanisms driving GATA2-related phenotypes are largely unknown. To explore the impact of GATA2 haploinsufficiency on haematopoiesis, we generated a zebrafish model carrying a heterozygous mutation of gata2b (gata2b+/-), an orthologue of GATA2. Morphological analysis revealed myeloid and erythroid dysplasia in gata2b+/- kidney marrow. Because Gata2b could affect both transcription and chromatin accessibility during lineage differentiation, this was assessed by single-cell (sc) RNA-seq and single-nucleus (sn) ATAC-seq. Sn-ATAC-seq showed that the co-accessibility between the transcription start site (TSS) and a -3.5-4.1 kb putative enhancer was more robust in gata2b+/- zebrafish HSPCs compared to wild type, increasing gata2b expression and resulting in higher genome-wide Gata2b motif use in HSPCs. As a result of increased accessibility of the gata2b locus, gata2b+/- chromatin was also more accessible during lineage differentiation. scRNA-seq data revealed myeloid differentiation defects, that is, impaired cell cycle progression, reduced expression of cebpa and cebpb and increased signatures of ribosome biogenesis. These data also revealed a differentiation delay in erythroid progenitors, aberrant proliferative signatures and down-regulation of Gata1a, a master regulator of erythropoiesis, which worsened with age. These findings suggest that cell-intrinsic compensatory mechanisms, needed to obtain normal levels of Gata2b in heterozygous HSPCs to maintain their integrity, result in aberrant lineage differentiation, thereby representing a critical step in the predisposition to MDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Gioacchino
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Zink
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Looper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genome Editing Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten J Gussinklo
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo P Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genome Editing Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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4
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Soukup AA, Bresnick EH. Gata2 noncoding genetic variation as a determinant of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell mobilization efficiency. Blood Adv 2023; 7:7564-7575. [PMID: 37871305 PMCID: PMC10761364 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023011003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline genetic variants alter the coding and enhancer sequences of GATA2, which encodes a master regulator of hematopoiesis. The conserved murine Gata2 enhancer (+9.5) promotes hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) genesis during embryogenesis. Heterozygosity for a single-nucleotide Ets motif variant in the human enhancer creates a bone marrow failure and acute myeloid leukemia predisposition termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. The homozygous murine variant attenuates chemotherapy- and transplantation-induced hematopoietic regeneration, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) response to inflammation, and HSPC mobilization with the therapeutic mobilizer granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Because a Gata2 +9.5 variant attenuated G-CSF-induced HSPC expansion and mobilization, and HSC transplantation therapies require efficacious mobilization, we tested whether variation affects mechanistically distinct mobilizers or only those operating through select pathways. In addition to affecting G-CSF activity, Gata2 variation compromised IL-8/CXCR2- and VLA-4/VCAM1-induced mobilization. Although the variation did not disrupt HSPC mobilization mediated by plerixafor, which functions through CXCR4/CXCL12, homozygous and heterozygous variation attenuated mobilization efficacy of the clinically used plerixafor/G-CSF combination. The influence of noncoding variation on HSPC mobilization efficacy and function is important clinically because comprehensive noncoding variation is not commonly analyzed in patients. Furthermore, our mobilization-defective system offers unique utility for elucidating fundamental HSPC mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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5
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Peters IJA, de Pater E, Zhang W. The role of GATA2 in adult hematopoiesis and cell fate determination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1250827. [PMID: 38033856 PMCID: PMC10682726 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1250827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The correct maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in bone marrow is vital for the maintenance and operation of the human blood system. GATA2 plays a critical role in the maintenance of HSCs and the specification of HSCs into the different hematopoietic lineages, highlighted by the various defects observed in patients with heterozygous mutations in GATA2, resulting in cytopenias, bone marrow failure and increased chance of myeloid malignancy, termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying GATA2 deficiency syndrome remain to be elucidated. The detailed description of how GATA2 regulates HSC maintenance and blood lineage determination is crucial to unravel the pathogenesis of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. In this review, we summarize current advances in elucidating the role of GATA2 in hematopoietic cell fate determination and discuss the challenges of modeling GATA2 deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- *Correspondence: Wei Zhang, ; Emma de Pater,
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6
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Mulet-Lazaro R, Delwel R. From Genotype to Phenotype: How Enhancers Control Gene Expression and Cell Identity in Hematopoiesis. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e969. [PMID: 37953829 PMCID: PMC10635615 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood comprises a wide array of specialized cells, all of which share the same genetic information and ultimately derive from the same precursor, the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC). This diversity of phenotypes is underpinned by unique transcriptional programs gradually acquired in the process known as hematopoiesis. Spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression depends on many factors, but critical among them are enhancers-sequences of DNA that bind transcription factors and increase transcription of genes under their control. Thus, hematopoiesis involves the activation of specific enhancer repertoires in HSCs and their progeny, driving the expression of sets of genes that collectively determine morphology and function. Disruption of this tightly regulated process can have catastrophic consequences: in hematopoietic malignancies, dysregulation of transcriptional control by enhancers leads to misexpression of oncogenes that ultimately drive transformation. This review attempts to provide a basic understanding of enhancers and their role in transcriptional regulation, with a focus on normal and malignant hematopoiesis. We present examples of enhancers controlling master regulators of hematopoiesis and discuss the main mechanisms leading to enhancer dysregulation in leukemia and lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Mulet-Lazaro
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud Delwel
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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7
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Aktar A, Heit B. Role of the pioneer transcription factor GATA2 in health and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1191-1208. [PMID: 37624387 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor GATA2 is involved in human diseases ranging from hematopoietic disorders, to cancer, to infectious diseases. GATA2 is one of six GATA-family transcription factors that act as pioneering transcription factors which facilitate the opening of heterochromatin and the subsequent binding of other transcription factors to induce gene expression from previously inaccessible regions of the genome. Although GATA2 is essential for hematopoiesis and lymphangiogenesis, it is also expressed in other tissues such as the lung, prostate gland, gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, placenta, fetal liver, and fetal heart. Gene or transcriptional abnormalities of GATA2 causes or predisposes patients to several diseases including the hematological cancers acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the primary immunodeficiency MonoMAC syndrome, and to cancers of the lung, prostate, uterus, kidney, breast, gastric tract, and ovaries. Recent data has also linked GATA2 expression and mutations to responses to infectious diseases including SARS-CoV-2 and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and to inflammatory disorders such as atherosclerosis. In this article we review the role of GATA2 in the etiology and progression of these various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amena Aktar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; the Western Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Centre, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Robarts Research Institute, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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8
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Johnson KD, Jung MM, Tran VL, Bresnick EH. Interferon regulatory factor-8-dependent innate immune alarm senses GATA2 deficiency to alter hematopoietic differentiation and function. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:117-123. [PMID: 37254854 PMCID: PMC10236032 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent discoveries have provided evidence for mechanistic links between the master regulator of hematopoiesis GATA2 and the key component of interferon and innate immunity signaling pathways, interferon-regulatory factor-8 (IRF8). These links have important implications for the control of myeloid differentiation in physiological and pathological states. RECENT FINDINGS GATA2 deficiency resulting from loss of the Gata2 -77 enhancer in progenitors triggers an alarm that instigates the transcriptional induction of innate immune signaling and distorts a myeloid differentiation program. This pathological alteration renders progenitors hyperresponsive to interferon γ, toll-like receptor and interleukin-6 signaling and impaired in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling. IRF8 upregulation in -77-/- progenitors promotes monocyte and dendritic cell differentiation while suppressing granulocytic differentiation. As PU.1 promotes transcription of Irf8 and other myeloid and B-lineage genes, GATA2-mediated repression of these genes opposes the PU.1-dependent activating mechanism. SUMMARY As GATA2 deficiency syndrome is an immunodeficiency disorder often involving myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, elucidating how GATA2 commissions and decommissions genome activity and developmental regulatory programs will unveil mechanisms that go awry when GATA2 levels and/or activities are disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby D Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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9
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Mahony CB, Copper L, Vrljicak P, Noyvert B, Constantinidou C, Browne S, Pan Y, Palles C, Ott S, Higgs MR, Monteiro R. Lineage skewing and genome instability underlie marrow failure in a zebrafish model of GATA2 deficiency. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112571. [PMID: 37256751 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure associated with heterozygous mutations in GATA2 predisposes toward hematological malignancies, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the mechanistic basis of marrow failure in a zebrafish model of GATA2 deficiency. Single-cell transcriptomics and chromatin accessibility assays reveal that loss of gata2a leads to skewing toward the erythroid lineage at the expense of myeloid cells, associated with loss of cebpa expression and decreased PU.1 and CEBPA transcription factor accessibility in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Furthermore, gata2a mutants show impaired expression of npm1a, the zebrafish NPM1 ortholog. Progressive loss of npm1a in HSPCs is associated with elevated levels of DNA damage in gata2a mutants. Thus, Gata2a maintains myeloid lineage priming through cebpa and protects against genome instability and marrow failure by maintaining expression of npm1a. Our results establish a potential mechanism underlying bone marrow failure in GATA2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher B Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lucy Copper
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Cancer Research UK Birmingham Centre, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pavle Vrljicak
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Boris Noyvert
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Chrystala Constantinidou
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Sofia Browne
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yi Pan
- Centre for Computational Biology, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claire Palles
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sascha Ott
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Bioinformatics Research Technology Platform, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Martin R Higgs
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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10
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Maytum A, Edginton-White B, Bonifer C. Identification and characterization of enhancer elements controlling cell type-specific and signalling dependent chromatin programming during hematopoietic development. Stem Cell Investig 2023; 10:14. [PMID: 37404470 PMCID: PMC10316067 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2023-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of multi-cellular organisms from a single fertilized egg requires to differentially execute the information encoded in our DNA. This complex process is regulated by the interplay of transcription factors with a chromatin environment, both of which provide the epigenetic information maintaining cell-type specific gene expression patterns. Moreover, transcription factors and their target genes form vast interacting gene regulatory networks which can be exquisitely stable. However, all developmental processes originate from pluripotent precursor cell types. The production of terminally differentiated cells from such cells, therefore, requires successive changes of cell fates, meaning that genes relevant for the next stage of differentiation must be switched on and genes not relevant anymore must be switched off. The stimulus for the change of cell fate originates from extrinsic signals which set a cascade of intracellular processes in motion that eventually terminate at the genome leading to changes in gene expression and the development of alternate gene regulatory networks. How developmental trajectories are encoded in the genome and how the interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic processes regulates development is one of the major questions in developmental biology. The development of the hematopoietic system has long served as model to understand how changes in gene regulatory networks drive the differentiation of the various blood cell types. In this review, we highlight the main signals and transcription factors and how they are integrated at the level of chromatin programming and gene expression control. We also highlight recent studies identifying the cis-regulatory elements such as enhancers at the global level and explain how their developmental activity is regulated by the cooperation of cell-type specific and ubiquitous transcription factors with extrinsic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Maytum
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ben Edginton-White
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Constanze Bonifer
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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11
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Zerella JR, Homan CC, Arts P, Brown AL, Scott HS, Hahn CN. Transcription factor genetics and biology in predisposition to bone marrow failure and hematological malignancy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1183318. [PMID: 37377909 PMCID: PMC10291195 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1183318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) play a critical role as key mediators of a multitude of developmental pathways, with highly regulated and tightly organized networks crucial for determining both the timing and pattern of tissue development. TFs can act as master regulators of both primitive and definitive hematopoiesis, tightly controlling the behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). These networks control the functional regulation of HSPCs including self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation dynamics, which are essential to normal hematopoiesis. Defining the key players and dynamics of these hematopoietic transcriptional networks is essential to understanding both normal hematopoiesis and how genetic aberrations in TFs and their networks can predispose to hematopoietic disease including bone marrow failure (BMF) and hematological malignancy (HM). Despite their multifaceted and complex involvement in hematological development, advances in genetic screening along with elegant multi-omics and model system studies are shedding light on how hematopoietic TFs interact and network to achieve normal cell fates and their role in disease etiology. This review focuses on TFs which predispose to BMF and HM, identifies potential novel candidate predisposing TF genes, and examines putative biological mechanisms leading to these phenotypes. A better understanding of the genetics and molecular biology of hematopoietic TFs, as well as identifying novel genes and genetic variants predisposing to BMF and HM, will accelerate the development of preventative strategies, improve clinical management and counseling, and help define targeted treatments for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarna R. Zerella
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Claire C. Homan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Hamish S. Scott
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Christopher N. Hahn
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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12
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Tran VL, Liu P, Katsumura KR, Kim E, Schoff BM, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Restricting genomic actions of innate immune mediators on fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells. iScience 2023; 26:106297. [PMID: 36950124 PMCID: PMC10025987 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immune signaling protects against pathogens, controls hematopoietic development, and functions in oncogenesis, yet the relationship between these mechanisms is undefined. Downregulating the GATA2 transcription factor in fetal hematopoietic progenitor cells upregulates genes encoding innate immune regulators, increases Interferon-γ (IFNγ) signaling, and disrupts differentiation. We demonstrate that deletion of an enhancer that confers GATA2 expression in fetal progenitors elevated Toll-like receptor (TLR) TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 expression and signaling. Rescue by expressing GATA2 downregulated elevated TLR signaling. IFNγ amplified TLR1/2 and TLR2/6 signaling in GATA2-deficient progenitors, synergistically activating cytokine/chemokine genes and elevating cytokine/chemokine production in myeloid cell progeny. Genomic analysis of how innate immune signaling remodels the GATA2-deficient progenitor transcriptome revealed hypersensitive responses at innate immune genes harboring motifs for signal-dependent transcription factors and factors not linked to these mechanisms. As GATA2 establishes a transcriptome that constrains innate immune signaling, insufficient GATA2 renders fetal progenitor cells hypersensitive to innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vu L. Tran
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin Kim
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bjorn M. Schoff
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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13
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Jung MM, Shen S, Botten GA, Olender T, Katsumura KR, Johnson KD, Soukup AA, Liu P, Zhang Q, Jensvold ZD, Lewis PW, Beagrie RA, Low JK, Yang L, Mackay JP, Godley LA, Brand M, Xu J, Keles S, Bresnick EH. Pathogenic human variant that dislocates GATA2 zinc fingers disrupts hematopoietic gene expression and signaling networks. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162685. [PMID: 36809258 PMCID: PMC10065080 DOI: 10.1172/jci162685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although certain human genetic variants are conspicuously loss of function, decoding the impact of many variants is challenging. Previously, we described a patient with leukemia predisposition syndrome (GATA2 deficiency) with a germline GATA2 variant that inserts 9 amino acids between the 2 zinc fingers (9aa-Ins). Here, we conducted mechanistic analyses using genomic technologies and a genetic rescue system with Gata2 enhancer-mutant hematopoietic progenitor cells to compare how GATA2 and 9aa-Ins function genome-wide. Despite nuclear localization, 9aa-Ins was severely defective in occupying and remodeling chromatin and regulating transcription. Variation of the inter-zinc finger spacer length revealed that insertions were more deleterious to activation than repression. GATA2 deficiency generated a lineage-diverting gene expression program and a hematopoiesis-disrupting signaling network in progenitors with reduced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and elevated IL-6 signaling. As insufficient GM-CSF signaling caused pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and excessive IL-6 signaling promoted bone marrow failure and GATA2 deficiency patient phenotypes, these results provide insight into mechanisms underlying GATA2-linked pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Minji Jung
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Siqi Shen
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Giovanni A. Botten
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Olender
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute–General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute–General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zena D. Jensvold
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter W. Lewis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert A. Beagrie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K.K. Low
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lihua Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joel P. Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marjorie Brand
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
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14
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Man HSJ, Subramaniam N, Downs T, Sukumar AN, Saha AD, Nair R, Chen L, Teitelbaum D, Turgeon PJ, Ku KH, Tran E, de Perrot M, Marsden PA. Long noncoding RNA GATA2-AS1 augments endothelial Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-α induction and regulates hypoxic signaling. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103029. [PMID: 36806681 PMCID: PMC10148162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells form the inner cellular lining of blood vessels and have myriad physiologic functions including angiogenesis and response to hypoxia. We recently identified a set of endothelial cell (EC)-enriched long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in differentiated human primary cell types and described the role of the STEEL lncRNA in angiogenic patterning. We sought to further understand the role of EC-enriched lncRNAs in physiologic adaptation of the vascular endothelium. In this work, we describe an abundant, cytoplasmic, and EC-enriched lncRNA, GATA2-AS1, that is divergently transcribed from the EC-enriched developmental regulator, GATA2. While GATA2-AS1 is largely co-expressed with GATA2 in ECs, GATA2-AS1 and GATA2 appear to be complementary rather than synergistic as they have mostly distinct target genes. Common single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in GATA2-AS1 exons are associated with early onset coronary artery disease (CAD) and decreased expression of GATA2-AS1 in endothelial cell lines. In most cells, HIF1-α is central to the transcriptional response to hypoxia, while in ECs, both HIF1-α and HIF2-α are required to coordinate an acute and chronic response respectively. In this setting, GATA2-AS1 contributes to the "HIF switch" and augments HIF1-α induction in acute hypoxia to regulate HIF1-α/ HIF2-α balance. In hypoxia, GATA2-AS1 orchestrates HIF1-α-dependent induction of the glycolytic pathway, and HIF1-α-independent maintenance of mitochondrial biogenesis. Similarly, GATA2-AS1 coordinates both metabolism and "tip/stalk" cell signaling to regulate angiogenesis in hypoxic ECs. Furthermore, we find that GATA2-AS1 expression patterns are perturbed in atherosclerotic disease. Together, these results define a role for GATA2-AS1 in the EC-specific response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Jeffrey Man
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Respirology, University Health Network, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noeline Subramaniam
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tiana Downs
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aravin N Sukumar
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aninda D Saha
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ranju Nair
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucy Chen
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Teitelbaum
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J Turgeon
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyung Ha Ku
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eileen Tran
- Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marc de Perrot
- Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip A Marsden
- Institute of Medical Science, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre in the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Begeman IJ, Emery B, Kurth A, Kang J. Regeneration and developmental enhancers are differentially compatible with minimal promoters. Dev Biol 2022; 492:47-58. [PMID: 36167150 PMCID: PMC10211259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enhancers and promoters are cis-regulatory elements that control gene expression. Enhancers are activated in a cell type-, tissue-, and condition-specific manner to stimulate promoter function and transcription. Zebrafish have emerged as a powerful animal model for examining the activities of enhancers derived from various species through transgenic enhancer assays, in which an enhancer is coupled with a minimal promoter. However, the efficiency of minimal promoters and their compatibility with multiple developmental and regeneration enhancers have not been systematically tested in zebrafish. Thus, we assessed the efficiency of six minimal promoters and comprehensively interrogated the compatibility of the promoters with developmental and regeneration enhancers. We found that the fos minimal promoter and Drosophila synthetic core promoter (DSCP) yielded high rates of leaky expression that may complicate the interpretation of enhancer assays. Notably, the adenovirus E1b promoter, the zebrafish lepb 0.8-kb (P0.8) and lepb 2-kb (P2) promoters, and a new zebrafish synthetic promoter (ZSP) that combines elements of the E1b and P0.8 promoters drove little or no ectopic expression, making them suitable for transgenic assays. We also found significant differences in compatibility among specific combinations of promoters and enhancers, indicating the importance of promoters as key regulatory elements determining the specificity of gene expression. Our study provides guidelines for transgenic enhancer assays in zebrafish to aid in the discovery of functional enhancers regulating development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Begeman
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Benjamin Emery
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Andrew Kurth
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Junsu Kang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA; UW Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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16
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Kotmayer L, Romero‐Moya D, Marin‐Bejar O, Kozyra E, Català A, Bigas A, Wlodarski MW, Bödör C, Giorgetti A. GATA2 deficiency and MDS/AML: Experimental strategies for disease modelling and future therapeutic prospects. Br J Haematol 2022; 199:482-495. [PMID: 35753998 PMCID: PMC9796058 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The importance of predisposition to leukaemia in clinical practice is being increasingly recognized. This is emphasized by the establishment of a novel WHO disease category in 2016 called "myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition". A major syndrome within this group is GATA2 deficiency, a heterogeneous immunodeficiency syndrome with a very high lifetime risk to develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). GATA2 deficiency has been identified as the most common hereditary cause of MDS in adolescents with monosomy 7. Allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative option; however, chances of survival decrease with progression of immunodeficiency and MDS evolution. Penetrance and expressivity within families carrying GATA2 mutations is often variable, suggesting that co-operating extrinsic events are required to trigger the disease. Predictive tools are lacking, and intrafamilial heterogeneity is poorly understood; hence there is a clear unmet medical need. On behalf of the ERAPerMed GATA2 HuMo consortium, in this review we describe the genetic, clinical, and biological aspects of familial GATA2-related MDS, highlighting the importance of developing robust disease preclinical models to improve early detection and clinical decision-making of GATA2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Kotmayer
- HCEMM‐SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Damia Romero‐Moya
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Oskar Marin‐Bejar
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Emilia Kozyra
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Faculty of BiologyUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Albert Català
- Department of Hematology and OncologyInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuHospital Sant Joan de DeuBarcelonaSpain,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare DiseasesInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Cancer Research ProgramInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del MarBarcelonaSpain,Josep Carreras Research Institute (IJC), BadalonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcin W. Wlodarski
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany,Department of HematologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Csaba Bödör
- HCEMM‐SE Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer ResearchSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Alessandra Giorgetti
- Regenerative Medicine ProgramInstitut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)BarcelonaSpain,Fondazione Pisana Per la Scienza ONLUS (FPS)San Giuliano TermeItaly,Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesBarcelona UniversityBarcelonaSpain
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17
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Rossi G, Giger S, Hübscher T, Lutolf MP. Gastruloids as in vitro models of embryonic blood development with spatial and temporal resolution. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13380. [PMID: 35927563 PMCID: PMC9352713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17265-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastruloids are three-dimensional embryonic organoids that reproduce key features of early mammalian development in vitro with unique scalability, accessibility, and spatiotemporal similarity to real embryos. Recently, we adapted the gastruloid culture conditions to promote cardiovascular development. In this work, we extended these conditions to capture features of embryonic blood development through a combination of immunophenotyping, detailed transcriptomics analysis, and identification of blood stem/progenitor cell potency. We uncovered the emergence of blood progenitor and erythroid-like cell populations in late gastruloids and showed the multipotent clonogenic capacity of these cells, both in vitro and after transplantation into irradiated mice. We also identified the spatial localization near a vessel-like plexus in the anterior portion of gastruloids with similarities to the emergence of blood stem cells in the mouse embryo. These results highlight the potential and applicability of gastruloids to the in vitro study of complex processes in embryonic blood development with spatiotemporal fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Rossi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Sonja Giger
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tania Hübscher
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias P Lutolf
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Bioengineering, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences and School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, School of Basic Science, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Vaud, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Roche Institute for Translational Bioengineering (ITB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Andrieu-Soler C, Soler E. Erythroid Cell Research: 3D Chromatin, Transcription Factors and Beyond. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6149. [PMID: 35682828 PMCID: PMC9181152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of the regulatory networks and signals controlling erythropoiesis have brought important insights in several research fields of biology and have been a rich source of discoveries with far-reaching implications beyond erythroid cells biology. The aim of this review is to highlight key recent discoveries and show how studies of erythroid cells bring forward novel concepts and refine current models related to genome and 3D chromatin organization, signaling and disease, with broad interest in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Soler
- IGMM, Université Montpellier, CNRS, 34093 Montpellier, France;
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
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19
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Kang B, Zhang T, Huang K, Wang T, Li Y, Mai Y, Li J, Dang S, Zhang Z, Huang W, Wang J, Gao M, Wang Y, Pan G. GFI1 regulates chromatin state essential in human endothelial-to-haematopoietic transition. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13244. [PMID: 35504619 PMCID: PMC9136496 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives During embryonic haematopoiesis, haematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) develop from hemogenic endothelial cells (HECs) though endothelial to haematopoietic transition (EHT). However, little is known about how EHT is regulated in human. Here, we report that GFI1 plays an essential role in enabling normal EHT during haematopoietic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Results GFI1 deletion in hESCs leads to a complete EHT defect due to a closed chromatin state of hematopoietic genes in HECs. Mechanically, directly regulates important signaling pathways essential for the EHT such as PI3K signaling.etc. Conclutions Together, our findings reveal an essential role of GFI1 mediated epigenetic mechanism underlying human EHT during hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqiang Kang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Medical Research Center, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchan Mai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinbing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiying Dang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhishuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guangjin Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Ma L, Tang Q, Gao X, Lee J, Lei R, Suzuki M, Zheng D, Ito K, Frenette PS, Dawlaty MM. Tet-mediated DNA demethylation regulates specification of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during mammalian embryogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm3470. [PMID: 35235365 PMCID: PMC8890710 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm3470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes promote DNA demethylation by oxidizing 5-methylcytosine. They are expressed during development and are essential for mouse gastrulation. However, their postgastrulation functions are not well established. We find that global or endothelial-specific loss of all three Tet enzymes immediately after gastrulation leads to reduced number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and lethality in mid-gestation mouse embryos. This is due to defects in specification of HSPCs from endothelial cells (ECs) that compromise primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. Mechanistically, loss of Tet enzymes in ECs led to hypermethylation and down-regulation of NFκB1 and master hematopoietic transcription factors (Gata1/2, Runx1, and Gfi1b). Restoring Tet catalytic activity or overexpression of these factors in Tet-deficient ECs rescued hematopoiesis defects. This establishes Tet enzymes as activators of hematopoiesis programs in ECs for specification of HSPCs during embryogenesis, which is distinct from their roles in adult hematopoiesis, with implications in deriving HSPCs from pluripotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Ma
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qin Tang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xin Gao
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joun Lee
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Run Lei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Keisuke Ito
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S. Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Meelad M. Dawlaty
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1301 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave., Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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21
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Geng X, Zhang C, Li M, Wang J, Ji F, Feng H, Xing M, Li F, Zhang L, Li W, Chen Z, Hickson ID, Shen H, Ying S. PICH Supports Embryonic Hematopoiesis by Suppressing a cGAS-STING-Mediated Interferon Response. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103837. [PMID: 35037428 PMCID: PMC8895048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The Plk1-interacting checkpoint helicase (PICH) protein localizes to ultrafine anaphase DNA bridges in mitosis along with a complex of DNA repair proteins. Previous studies show PICH deficiency-induced embryonic lethality in mice. However, the function of PICH that is required to suppress embryonic lethality in PICH-deficient mammals remains to be determined. Previous clinical studies suggest a link between PICH deficiency and the onset of acquired aplastic anemia. Here, using Pich knock-out (KO) mouse models, the authors provide evidence for a mechanistic link between PICH deficiency and defective hematopoiesis. Fetal livers from Pich-KO embryos exhibit a significantly elevated number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); however, these HSCs display a higher level of apoptosis and a much-reduced ability to reconstitute a functional hematopoietic system when transplanted into lethally irradiated recipients. Moreover, these HSCs show an elevated cytoplasmic dsDNA expression and an activation of the cGAS-STING pathway, resulting in excessive production of type I interferons (IFN). Importantly, deletion of Ifnar1 or cGAS reverses the defective hematopoiesis. The authors conclude that loss of PICH results in defective hematopoiesis via cGAS-STING-mediated type I IFN production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310009China
- Department of AnatomyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Miao Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Hanrong Feng
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Meichun Xing
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- International Institutes of Medicinethe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuZhejiang322000China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Zhihua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310009China
| | - Ian D. Hickson
- Center for Chromosome Stability and Center for Healthy AgingDepartment of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of CopenhagenBlegdamsvej 3BCopenhagen N2200Denmark
| | - Huahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care MedicineSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang310009China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseasesGuangzhouGuangdong510120China
| | - Songmin Ying
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of the Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineKey Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouZhejiang310009China
- International Institutes of Medicinethe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineYiwuZhejiang322000China
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22
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You X, Zhou Y, Chang YI, Kong G, Ranheim EA, Johnson KD, Soukup AA, Bresnick EH, Zhang J. Gata2 +9.5 enhancer regulates adult hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and T-cell development. Blood Adv 2022; 6:1095-1099. [PMID: 34516632 PMCID: PMC8864660 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian GATA2 gene encodes a dual zinc finger transcription factor, which is essential for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) generation in the aorta, gonad, mesonephros (AGM) region, HSC self-renewal, and specification of progenitor cell fates. Previously, we demonstrated that Gata2 expression in AGM is controlled by its intronic +9.5 enhancer. Gata2 +9.5 deficiency removes the E-box motif and the GATA site and depletes fetal liver HSCs. However, whether this enhancer has an essential role in regulating adult hematopoiesis has not been established. Here, we evaluate Gata2 +9.5 enhancer function in adult hematopoiesis. +9.5+/- bone marrow cells displayed reduced T cell reconstitution in a competitive transplant assay. Donor-derived analysis demonstrated a previously unrecognized function of the +9.5 enhancer in T cell development at the lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor stage. Moreover, +9.5+/- adult HSCs displayed increased apoptosis and reduced long-term self-renewal capability in comparison with wild-type (WT) HSCs. These phenotypes were more moderate than those of Gata2+/- HSCs. Consistent with the phenotypic characterization, Gata2 expression in +9.5+/- LSKs was moderately higher than that in Gata2+/- LSKs, but lower than that in WT LSKs. Our data suggest that +9.5 deficiency compromises, without completely abrogating, Gata2 expression in adult HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona You
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, and
| | - Yun Zhou
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, and
| | | | | | - Erik A. Ranheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI; and
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, and
- Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, and
- Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, and
- Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Jing Zhang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, and
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23
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Thambyrajah R, Bigas A. Notch Signaling in HSC Emergence: When, Why and How. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030358. [PMID: 35159166 PMCID: PMC8833884 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) sustains blood homeostasis throughout life in vertebrates. During embryonic development, HSCs emerge from the aorta-gonads and mesonephros (AGM) region along with hematopoietic progenitors within hematopoietic clusters which are found in the dorsal aorta, the main arterial vessel. Notch signaling, which is essential for arterial specification of the aorta, is also crucial in hematopoietic development and HSC activity. In this review, we will present and discuss the evidence that we have for Notch activity in hematopoietic cell fate specification and the crosstalk with the endothelial and arterial lineage. The core hematopoietic program is conserved across vertebrates and here we review studies conducted using different models of vertebrate hematopoiesis, including zebrafish, mouse and in vitro differentiated Embryonic stem cells. To fulfill the goal of engineering HSCs in vitro, we need to understand the molecular processes that modulate Notch signaling during HSC emergence in a temporal and spatial context. Here, we review relevant contributions from different model systems that are required to specify precursors of HSC and HSC activity through Notch interactions at different stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshana Thambyrajah
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
| | - Anna Bigas
- Program in Cancer Research, Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.T.); (A.B.); Tel.: +34-933160437 (R.T.); +34-933160440 (A.B.)
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24
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Bresciani E, Carrington B, Yu K, Kim EM, Zhen T, Guzman VS, Broadbridge E, Bishop K, Kirby M, Harper U, Wincovitch S, Dell’Orso S, Sartorelli V, Sood R, Liu P. Redundant mechanisms driven independently by RUNX1 and GATA2 for hematopoietic development. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4949-4962. [PMID: 34492681 PMCID: PMC9153008 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RUNX1 is essential for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Runx1-null mouse embryos lack definitive hematopoiesis and die in mid-gestation. However, although zebrafish embryos with a runx1 W84X mutation have defects in early definitive hematopoiesis, some runx1W84X/W84X embryos can develop to fertile adults with blood cells of multilineages, raising the possibility that HSCs can emerge without RUNX1. Here, using 3 new zebrafish runx1-/- lines, we uncovered the compensatory mechanism for runx1-independent hematopoiesis. We show that, in the absence of a functional runx1, a cd41-green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ population of hematopoietic precursors still emerge from the hemogenic endothelium and can colonize the hematopoietic tissues of the mutant embryos. Single-cell RNA sequencing of the cd41-GFP+ cells identified a set of runx1-/--specific signature genes during hematopoiesis. Significantly, gata2b, which normally acts upstream of runx1 for the generation of HSCs, was increased in the cd41-GFP+ cells in runx1-/- embryos. Interestingly, genetic inactivation of both gata2b and its paralog gata2a did not affect hematopoiesis. However, knocking out runx1 and any 3 of the 4 alleles of gata2a and gata2b abolished definitive hematopoiesis. Gata2 expression was also upregulated in hematopoietic cells in Runx1-/- mice, suggesting the compensatory mechanism is conserved. Our findings indicate that RUNX1 and GATA2 serve redundant roles for HSC production, acting as each other's safeguard.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kai Yu
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
| | | | - Tao Zhen
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Stephen Wincovitch
- Cytogenetics and Microscopy Core, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Vittorio Sartorelli
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raman Sood
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
- Zebrafish Core
| | - Paul Liu
- Oncogenesis and Development Section
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25
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Soukup AA, Matson DR, Liu P, Johnson KD, Bresnick EH. Conditionally pathogenic genetic variants of a hematopoietic disease-suppressing enhancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk3521. [PMID: 34890222 PMCID: PMC8664263 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Human genetic variants are classified on the basis of potential pathogenicity to guide clinical decisions. However, mechanistic uncertainties often preclude definitive categorization. Germline coding and enhancer variants within the hematopoietic regulator GATA2 create a bone marrow failure and leukemia predisposition. The conserved murine enhancer promotes hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) genesis, and a single-nucleotide human variant in an Ets motif attenuates chemotherapy-induced hematopoietic regeneration. We describe “conditionally pathogenic” (CP) enhancer motif variants that differentially affect hematopoietic development and regeneration. The Ets motif variant functioned autonomously in hematopoietic cells to disrupt hematopoiesis. Because an epigenetically silenced normal allele can exacerbate phenotypes of a pathogenic heterozygous variant, we engineered a bone marrow failure model harboring the Ets motif variant and a severe enhancer mutation on the second allele. Despite normal developmental hematopoiesis, regeneration in response to chemotherapy, inflammation, and a therapeutic HSC mobilizer was compromised. The CP paradigm informs mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity and clinical genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel R. Matson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- UW Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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26
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Koyunlar C, de Pater E. From Basic Biology to Patient Mutational Spectra of GATA2 Haploinsufficiencies: What Are the Mechanisms, Hurdles, and Prospects of Genome Editing for Treatment. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:602182. [PMID: 34713225 PMCID: PMC8525360 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.602182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are monogenetic disorders that result in a reduction of mature blood cell formation and predisposition to leukemia. In children with myeloid leukemia the gene most often mutated is Gata binding protein 2 (GATA2) and 80% of patients with GATA2 mutations develop myeloid malignancy before the age of forty. Although GATA2 is established as one of the key regulators of embryonic and adult hematopoiesis, the mechanisms behind the leukemia predisposition in GATA2 haploinsufficiencies is ambiguous. The only curative treatment option currently available is allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). However, allo-SCT can only be applied at a relatively late stage of the disease as its applicability is compromised by treatment related morbidity and mortality (TRM). Alternatively, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT), which is associated with significantly less TRM, might become a treatment option if repaired hematopoietic stem cells would be available. Here we discuss the recent literature on leukemia predisposition syndromes caused by GATA2 mutations, current knowledge on the function of GATA2 in the hematopoietic system and advantages and pitfalls of potential treatment options provided by genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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27
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Homan CC, Venugopal P, Arts P, Shahrin NH, Feurstein S, Rawlings L, Lawrence DM, Andrews J, King-Smith SL, Harvey NL, Brown AL, Scott HS, Hahn CN. GATA2 deficiency syndrome: A decade of discovery. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:1399-1421. [PMID: 34387894 PMCID: PMC9291163 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
GATA2 deficiency syndrome (G2DS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disease predisposing to a range of symptoms, of which myeloid malignancy and immunodeficiency including recurrent infections are most common. In the last decade since it was first reported, there have been over 480 individuals identified carrying a pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline GATA2 variant with symptoms of G2DS, with 240 of these confirmed to be familial and 24 de novo. For those that develop myeloid malignancy (75% of all carriers with G2DS disease symptoms), the median age of onset is 17 years (range 0-78 years) and myelodysplastic syndrome is the first diagnosis in 75% of these cases with acute myeloid leukemia in a further 9%. All variant types appear to predispose to myeloid malignancy and immunodeficiency. Apart from lymphedema in which haploinsufficiency seems necessary, the mutational requirements of the other less common G2DS phenotypes is still unclear. These predominantly loss-of-function variants impact GATA2 expression and function in numerous ways including perturbations to DNA binding, protein structure, protein:protein interactions, and gene transcription, splicing, and expression. In this review, we provide the first expert-curated ACMG/AMP classification with codes of published variants compatible for use in clinical or diagnostic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire C Homan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Parvathy Venugopal
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Peer Arts
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Nur H Shahrin
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Simone Feurstein
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lesley Rawlings
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - David M Lawrence
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - James Andrews
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Sarah L King-Smith
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Specialist Genomics, Australian Genomics, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Anna L Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Clinical Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Australian Cancer Research Foundation Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Specialist Genomics, Australian Genomics, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Clinical Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Christopher N Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia.,Clinical Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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28
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Gioacchino E, Koyunlar C, Zink J, de Looper H, de Jong M, Dobrzycki T, Mahony CB, Hoogenboezem R, Bosch D, van Strien PMH, van Royen ME, French PJ, Bindels E, Gussinklo KJ, Monteiro R, Touw IP, de Pater E. Essential role for Gata2 in modulating lineage output from hematopoietic stem cells in zebrafish. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2687-2700. [PMID: 34170285 PMCID: PMC8288679 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is tightly controlled to ensure a proper balance between myeloid and lymphoid cell output. GATA2 is a pivotal hematopoietic transcription factor required for generation and maintenance of HSCs. GATA2 is expressed throughout development, but because of early embryonic lethality in mice, its role during adult hematopoiesis is incompletely understood. Zebrafish contains 2 orthologs of GATA2: Gata2a and Gata2b, which are expressed in different cell types. We show that the mammalian functions of GATA2 are split between these orthologs. Gata2b-deficient zebrafish have a reduction in embryonic definitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) numbers, but are viable. This allows us to uniquely study the role of GATA2 in adult hematopoiesis. gata2b mutants have impaired myeloid lineage differentiation. Interestingly, this defect arises not in granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, but in HSPCs. Gata2b-deficient HSPCs showed impaired progression of the myeloid transcriptional program, concomitant with increased coexpression of lymphoid genes. This resulted in a decrease in myeloid-programmed progenitors and a relative increase in lymphoid-programmed progenitors. This shift in the lineage output could function as an escape mechanism to avoid a block in lineage differentiation. Our study helps to deconstruct the functions of GATA2 during hematopoiesis and shows that lineage differentiation flows toward a lymphoid lineage in the absence of Gata2b.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joke Zink
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hans de Looper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genome Editing Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Madelon de Jong
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Dobrzycki
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher B. Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Dennis Bosch
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin E. van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Erasmus MC Optical Imaging Centre, and
| | - Pim J. French
- Department of Neurology, Cancer Treatment Screening Facility, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Bindels
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rui Monteiro
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Ivo P. Touw
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genome Editing Center, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Soto RA, Najia MAT, Hachimi M, Frame JM, Yette GA, Lummertz da Rocha E, Stankunas K, Daley GQ, North TE. Sequential regulation of hemogenic fate and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell formation from arterial endothelium by Ezh1/2. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1718-1734. [PMID: 34143974 PMCID: PMC8282472 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Across species, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) arise during embryogenesis from a specialized arterial population, termed hemogenic endothelium. Here, we describe a mechanistic role for the epigenetic regulator, Enhancer of zeste homolog-1 (Ezh1), in vertebrate HSPC production via regulation of hemogenic commitment. Loss of ezh1 in zebrafish embryos favored acquisition of hemogenic (gata2b) and HSPC (runx1) fate at the expense of the arterial program (ephrinb2a, dll4). In contrast, ezh1 overexpression blocked hematopoietic progression via maintenance of arterial gene expression. The related Polycomb group subunit, Ezh2, functioned in a non-redundant, sequential manner, whereby inhibition had no impact on arterial identity, but was capable of blocking ezh1-knockdown-associated HSPC expansion. Single-cell RNA sequencing across ezh1 genotypes revealed a dropout of ezh1+/− cells among arterial endothelium associated with positive regulation of gene transcription. Exploitation of Ezh1/2 modulation has potential functional relevance for improving in vitro HSPC differentiation from induced pluripotent stem cell sources. ezh1 loss increases HSPC and lymphoid progenitor formation during embryogenesis ezh1 loss promotes a developmental shift from arterial to hemogenic fate in the DA Ezh2 functions downstream of Ezh1-regulated arterial identity in HSPC commitment scRNA-seq confirms ezh1 loss modifies distinct arterial associated gene programs
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Soto
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohamad Ali T Najia
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mariam Hachimi
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jenna M Frame
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriel A Yette
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Edroaldo Lummertz da Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Kryn Stankunas
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Trista E North
- Stem Cell Program, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Developmental and Regenerative Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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30
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Fu YK, Tan Y, Wu B, Dai YT, Xu XG, Pan MM, Chen ZW, Qiao N, Wu J, Jiang L, Lu J, Chen B, Rein A, Izraeli S, Sun XJ, Huang JY, Huang QH, Chen Z, Chen SJ. Gata2-L359V impairs primitive and definitive hematopoiesis and blocks cell differentiation in murine chronic myelogenous leukemia model. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:568. [PMID: 34078881 PMCID: PMC8173010 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03826-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
GATA2, a key transcription factor in hematopoiesis, is frequently mutated in hematopoietic malignancies. How the GATA2 mutants contribute to hematopoiesis and malignant transformation remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that Gata2-L359V mutation impeded hematopoietic differentiation in murine embryonic and adult hematopoiesis and blocked murine chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell differentiation. We established a Gata2-L359V knockin mouse model in which the homozygous Gata2-L359V mutation caused major defects in primitive erythropoiesis with an accumulation of erythroid precursors and severe anemia, leading to embryonic lethality around E11.5. During adult life, the Gata2-L359V heterozygous mice exhibited a notable decrease in bone marrow (BM) recovery under stress induction with cytotoxic drug 5-fluorouracil. Using RNA sequencing, it was revealed that homozygous Gata2-L359V suppressed genes related to embryonic hematopoiesis in yolk sac, while heterozygous Gata2-L359V dysregulated genes related to cell cycle and proliferation in BM Lin-Sca1+c-kit+ cells. Furthermore, through chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and transactivation experiments, we found that this mutation enhanced the DNA-binding capacity and transcriptional activities of Gata2, which was likely associated with the altered expression of some essential genes during embryonic and adult hematopoiesis. In mice model harboring BCR/ABL, single-cell RNA-sequencing demonstrated that Gata2-L359V induced additional gene expression profile abnormalities and partially affected cell differentiation at the early stage of myelomonocytic lineage, evidenced by the increase of granulocyte-monocyte progenitors and monocytosis. Taken together, our study unveiled that Gata2-L359V mutation induces defective hematopoietic development and blocks the differentiation of CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kai Fu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.415869.7Present Address: Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Tan
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences and SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ting Dai
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Xu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Meng Pan
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Niu Qiao
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Lu
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Avigail Rein
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Cancer Research Center, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shai Izraeli
- grid.12136.370000 0004 1937 0546Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Schneider Children’s Medical Center of Israel, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Xiao-Jian Sun
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Yan Huang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiu-Hua Huang
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- grid.412277.50000 0004 1760 6738Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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31
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Human GATA2 mutations and hematologic disease: how many paths to pathogenesis? Blood Adv 2021; 4:4584-4592. [PMID: 32960960 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The surge of human genetic information, enabled by increasingly facile and economically feasible genomic technologies, has accelerated discoveries on the relationship of germline genetic variation to hematologic diseases. For example, germline variation in GATA2, encoding a vital transcriptional regulator of multilineage hematopoiesis, creates a predisposition to bone marrow failure and acute myeloid leukemia termed GATA2 deficiency syndrome. More than 300 GATA2 variants representing missense, truncating, and noncoding enhancer mutations have been documented. Although these variants can diminish GATA2 expression and/or function, the functional ramifications of many variants are unknown. Studies using genetic rescue and knockin mouse systems have established that GATA2 mutations differentially affect molecular processes in distinct target genes and within a single target cell. Considering that target genes for a transcription factor can differ in sensitivity to altered levels of the factor, and transcriptional mechanisms are often cell type specific, the context-dependent consequences of GATA2 mutations in experimental systems portend the complex phenotypes and interindividual variation of GATA2 deficiency syndrome. This review documents GATA2 human genetics and the state of efforts to traverse from physiological insights to pathogenic mechanisms.
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32
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Sequencing of RNA in single cells reveals a distinct transcriptome signature of hematopoiesis in GATA2 deficiency. Blood Adv 2021; 4:2656-2670. [PMID: 32556286 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutional GATA2 deficiency caused by heterozygous germline GATA2 mutations has a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes, including systemic infections, lymphedema, cytopenias, and myeloid neoplasms. Genotype-phenotype correlation is not well understood mechanistically in GATA2 deficiency. We performed whole transcriptome sequencing of single hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from 8 patients, who had pathogenic GATA2 mutations and myelodysplasia. Mapping patients' cells onto normal hematopoiesis, we observed deficiency in lymphoid/myeloid progenitors, also evident from highly constrained gene correlations. HSPCs of patients exhibited distinct patterns of gene expression and coexpression compared with counterparts from healthy donors. Distinct lineages showed differently altered transcriptional profiles. Stem cells in patients had dysregulated gene expression related to apoptosis, cell cycle, and quiescence; increased expression of erythroid/megakaryocytic priming genes; and decreased lymphoid priming genes. The prominent deficiency in lympho-myeloid lineages in GATA2 deficiency appeared at least partly due to the expression of aberrant gene programs in stem cells prior to lineage commitment. We computationally imputed cells with chromosomal abnormalities and determined their gene expression; DNA repair genes were downregulated in trisomy 8 cells, potentially rendering these cells vulnerable to second-hit somatic mutations and additional chromosomal abnormalities. Cells with complex cytogenetic abnormalities showed defects in genes related to multilineage differentiation and cell cycle. Single-cell RNA sequencing is powerful in resolving transcriptomes of cell subpopulations despite a paucity of cells in marrow failure. Our study discloses previously uncharacterized transcriptome signatures of stem cells and progenitors in GATA2 deficiency, providing a broad perspective of potential mechanisms by which germline mutations modulate early hematopoiesis in a human disease. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01905826, NCT01861106, and NCT00001620.
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33
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Kiehlmeier S, Rafiee MR, Bakr A, Mika J, Kruse S, Müller J, Schweiggert S, Herrmann C, Sigismondo G, Schmezer P, Krijgsveld J, Gröschel S. Identification of therapeutic targets of the hijacked super-enhancer complex in EVI1-rearranged leukemia. Leukemia 2021; 35:3127-3138. [PMID: 33911178 PMCID: PMC8550965 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of the EVI1 proto-oncogene by the GATA2 distal hematopoietic enhancer (G2DHE) is a key event in high-risk acute myeloid leukemia carrying 3q21q26 aberrations (3q-AML). Upon chromosomal rearrangement, G2DHE acquires characteristics of a super-enhancer and causes overexpression of EVI1 at 3q26.2. However, the transcription factor (TF) complex of G2DHE remains poorly characterized. The aim of this study was to unravel key components of G2DHE-bound TFs involved in the deregulation of EVI1. We have identified several CEBPA and RUNX1 binding sites to be enriched and critical for G2DHE function in 3q-AML cells. Using ChIP-SICAP (ChIP followed by selective isolation of chromatin-associated proteins), a panel of chromatin interactors of RUNX1 and CEBPA were detected in 3q-AML, including PARP1 and IKZF1. PARP1 inhibition (PARPi) caused a reduction of EVI1 expression and a decrease in EVI1-G2DHE interaction frequency, highlighting the involvement of PARP1 in oncogenic super-enhancer formation. Furthermore, 3q-AML cells were highly sensitive to PARPi and displayed morphological changes with higher rates of differentiation and apoptosis as well as depletion of CD34 + cells. In summary, integrative analysis of the 3q-AML super-enhancer complex identified CEBPA and RUNX1 associated proteins and nominated PARP1 as a potential new therapeutic target in EVI1 + 3q-AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kiehlmeier
- Molecular Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud-Reza Rafiee
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Bakr
- Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jagoda Mika
- Molecular Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kruse
- Molecular Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judith Müller
- Molecular Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schweiggert
- Molecular Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Health Data Science Unit, Medical Faculty Heidelberg and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gianluca Sigismondo
- Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schmezer
- Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gröschel
- Molecular Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Oncology Center Worms, Worms, Germany.
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34
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Kobar K, Collett K, Prykhozhij SV, Berman JN. Zebrafish Cancer Predisposition Models. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660069. [PMID: 33987182 PMCID: PMC8112447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer predisposition syndromes are rare, typically monogenic disorders that result from germline mutations that increase the likelihood of developing cancer. Although these disorders are individually rare, resulting cancers collectively represent 5-10% of all malignancies. In addition to a greater incidence of cancer, affected individuals have an earlier tumor onset and are frequently subjected to long-term multi-modal cancer screening protocols for earlier detection and initiation of treatment. In vivo models are needed to better understand tumor-driving mechanisms, tailor patient screening approaches and develop targeted therapies to improve patient care and disease prognosis. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a robust model for cancer research due to its high fecundity, time- and cost-efficient genetic manipulation and real-time high-resolution imaging. Tumors developing in zebrafish cancer models are histologically and molecularly similar to their human counterparts, confirming the validity of these models. The zebrafish platform supports both large-scale random mutagenesis screens to identify potential candidate/modifier genes and recently optimized genome editing strategies. These techniques have greatly increased our ability to investigate the impact of certain mutations and how these lesions impact tumorigenesis and disease phenotype. These unique characteristics position the zebrafish as a powerful in vivo tool to model cancer predisposition syndromes and as such, several have already been created, including those recapitulating Li-Fraumeni syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, RASopathies, inherited bone marrow failure syndromes, and several other pathogenic mutations in cancer predisposition genes. In addition, the zebrafish platform supports medium- to high-throughput preclinical drug screening to identify compounds that may represent novel treatment paradigms or even prevent cancer evolution. This review will highlight and synthesize the findings from zebrafish cancer predisposition models created to date. We will discuss emerging trends in how these zebrafish cancer models can improve our understanding of the genetic mechanisms driving cancer predisposition and their potential to discover therapeutic and/or preventative compounds that change the natural history of disease for these vulnerable children, youth and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kobar
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keon Collett
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jason N. Berman
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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35
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Multispecies RNA tomography reveals regulators of hematopoietic stem cell birth in the embryonic aorta. Blood 2021; 136:831-844. [PMID: 32457985 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The defined location of a stem cell within a niche regulates its fate, behavior, and molecular identity via a complex extrinsic regulation that is far from being fully elucidated. To explore the molecular characteristics and key components of the aortic microenvironment, where the first hematopoietic stem cells are generated during development, we performed genome-wide RNA tomography sequencing on zebrafish, chicken, mouse, and human embryos. The resulting anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral transcriptional maps provided a powerful resource for exploring genes and regulatory pathways active in the aortic microenvironment. By performing interspecies comparative RNA sequencing analyses and functional assays, we explored the complexity of the aortic microenvironment landscape and the fine-tuning of various factors interacting to control hematopoietic stem cell generation, both in time and space in vivo, including the ligand-receptor couple ADM-RAMP2 and SVEP1. Understanding the regulatory function of the local environment will pave the way for improved stem cell production in vitro and clinical cell therapy.
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36
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Johnson KD, Conn DJ, Shishkova E, Katsumura KR, Liu P, Shen S, Ranheim EA, Kraus SG, Wang W, Calvo KR, Hsu AP, Holland SM, Coon JJ, Keles S, Bresnick EH. Constructing and deconstructing GATA2-regulated cell fate programs to establish developmental trajectories. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151996. [PMID: 32736380 PMCID: PMC7596813 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem and progenitor cell fate transitions constitute key decision points in organismal development that enable access to a developmental path or actively preclude others. Using the hematopoietic system, we analyzed the relative importance of cell fate–promoting mechanisms versus negating fate-suppressing mechanisms to engineer progenitor cells with multilineage differentiation potential. Deletion of the murine Gata2−77 enhancer, with a human equivalent that causes leukemia, downregulates the transcription factor GATA2 and blocks progenitor differentiation into erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, basophils, and granulocytes, but not macrophages. Using multiomics and single-cell analyses, we demonstrated that the enhancer orchestrates a balance between pro- and anti-fate circuitry in single cells. By increasing GATA2 expression, the enhancer instigates a fate-promoting mechanism while abrogating an innate immunity–linked, fate-suppressing mechanism. During embryogenesis, the suppressing mechanism dominated in enhancer mutant progenitors, thus yielding progenitors with a predominant monocytic differentiation potential. Coordinating fate-promoting and -suppressing circuits therefore averts deconstruction of a multifate system into a monopotent system and maintains critical progenitor heterogeneity and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirby D Johnson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Daniel J Conn
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Evgenia Shishkova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Koichi R Katsumura
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Peng Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Siqi Shen
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI
| | - Erik A Ranheim
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Sean G Kraus
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Weixin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine R Calvo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amy P Hsu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Institutes for Medical Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
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37
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Lange L, Morgan M, Schambach A. The hemogenic endothelium: a critical source for the generation of PSC-derived hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4143-4160. [PMID: 33559689 PMCID: PMC8164610 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03777-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In vitro generation of hematopoietic cells and especially hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are subject to intensive research in recent decades, as these cells hold great potential for regenerative medicine and autologous cell replacement therapies. Despite many attempts, in vitro, de novo generation of bona fide HSCs remains challenging, and we are still far away from their clinical use, due to insufficient functionality and quantity of the produced HSCs. The challenges of generating PSC-derived HSCs are already apparent in early stages of hemato-endothelial specification with the limitation of recapitulating complex, dynamic processes of embryonic hematopoietic ontogeny in vitro. Further, these current shortcomings imply the incompleteness of our understanding of human ontogenetic processes from embryonic mesoderm over an intermediate, specialized hemogenic endothelium (HE) to their immediate progeny, the HSCs. In this review, we examine the recent investigations of hemato-endothelial ontogeny and recently reported progress for the conversion of PSCs and other promising somatic cell types towards HSCs with the focus on the crucial and inevitable role of the HE to achieve the long-standing goal—to generate therapeutically applicable PSC-derived HSCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Lange
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,REBIRTH, Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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38
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Bigas A, Zanoni I, Hepworth MR, Eisenbarth SC, Masters SL, Kipnis J, Vinuesa CG, Good-Jacobson KL, Tangye SG, Yamazaki S, Hivroz C, Tait Wojno E, Shulman Z, Colonna M. JEM career launchpad. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202509. [PMID: 33464291 PMCID: PMC7814352 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
JEM has been a launching pad for scientific careers since its inception. Here is a collection of testimonials attesting to the diversity of the scientific community it serves.
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Li Y, Wang D, Wang H, Huang X, Wen Y, Wang B, Xu C, Gao J, Liu J, Tong J, Wang M, Su P, Ren S, Ma F, Li H, Bresnick EH, Zhou J, Shi L. A splicing factor switch controls hematopoietic lineage specification of pluripotent stem cells. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50535. [PMID: 33319461 PMCID: PMC7788460 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) leads to transcriptome diversity in eukaryotic cells and is one of the key regulators driving cellular differentiation. Although AS is of crucial importance for normal hematopoiesis and hematopoietic malignancies, its role in early hematopoietic development is still largely unknown. Here, by using high-throughput transcriptomic analyses, we show that pervasive and dynamic AS takes place during hematopoietic development of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We identify a splicing factor switch that occurs during the differentiation of mesodermal cells to endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Perturbation of this switch selectively impairs the emergence of EPCs and hemogenic endothelial progenitor cells (HEPs). Mechanistically, an EPC-induced alternative spliced isoform of NUMB dictates EPC specification by controlling NOTCH signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the splicing factor SRSF2 regulates splicing of the EPC-induced NUMB isoform, and the SRSF2-NUMB-NOTCH splicing axis regulates EPC generation. The identification of this splicing factor switch provides a new molecular mechanism to control cell fate and lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Ding Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Xin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - BingRui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Changlu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Jinhua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Jingyuan Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Sirui Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Feng Ma
- Institute of Blood TransfusionChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeChengduChina
| | - Hong‐Dong Li
- School of Computer Science and EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research InstituteDepartment of Cell and Regenerative BiologySchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
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Abstract
Embryonic definitive hematopoiesis generates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) essential for establishment and maintenance of the adult blood system. This process requires the specification of a subset of vascular endothelial cells to become blood-forming, or hemogenic, and the subsequent endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition to generate HSPCs therefrom. The mechanisms that regulate these processes are under intensive investigation, as their recapitulation in vitro from human pluripotent stem cells has the potential to generate autologous HSPCs for clinical applications. In this review, we provide an overview of hemogenic endothelial cell development and highlight the molecular events that govern hemogenic specification of vascular endothelial cells and the generation of multilineage HSPCs from hemogenic endothelium. We also discuss the impact of hemogenic endothelial cell development on adult hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyu Wu
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA;
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, and Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA; .,Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA;
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41
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Liu P, Soukup AA, Bresnick EH, Dewey CN, Keleş S. PRAM: a novel pooling approach for discovering intergenic transcripts from large-scale RNA sequencing experiments. Genome Res 2020; 30:1655-1666. [PMID: 32958497 PMCID: PMC7605252 DOI: 10.1101/gr.252445.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Publicly available RNA-seq data is routinely used for retrospective analysis to elucidate new biology. Novel transcript discovery enabled by joint analysis of large collections of RNA-seq data sets has emerged as one such analysis. Current methods for transcript discovery rely on a '2-Step' approach where the first step encompasses building transcripts from individual data sets, followed by the second step that merges predicted transcripts across data sets. To increase the power of transcript discovery from large collections of RNA-seq data sets, we developed a novel '1-Step' approach named Pooling RNA-seq and Assembling Models (PRAM) that builds transcript models from pooled RNA-seq data sets. We demonstrate in a computational benchmark that 1-Step outperforms 2-Step approaches in predicting overall transcript structures and individual splice junctions, while performing competitively in detecting exonic nucleotides. Applying PRAM to 30 human ENCODE RNA-seq data sets identified unannotated transcripts with epigenetic and RAMPAGE signatures similar to those of recently annotated transcripts. In a case study, we discovered and experimentally validated new transcripts through the application of PRAM to mouse hematopoietic RNA-seq data sets. We uncovered new transcripts that share a differential expression pattern with a neighboring gene Pik3cg implicated in human hematopoietic phenotypes, and we provided evidence for the conservation of this relationship in human. PRAM is implemented as an R/Bioconductor package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Alexandra A Soukup
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
| | - Colin N Dewey
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Sündüz Keleş
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.,Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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42
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Blood disease-causing and -suppressing transcriptional enhancers: general principles and GATA2 mechanisms. Blood Adv 2020; 3:2045-2056. [PMID: 31289032 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive scrutiny of human genomes has unveiled considerable genetic variation in coding and noncoding regions. In cancers, including those of the hematopoietic system, genomic instability amplifies the complexity and functional consequences of variation. Although elucidating how variation impacts the protein-coding sequence is highly tractable, deciphering the functional consequences of variation in noncoding regions (genome reading), including potential transcriptional-regulatory sequences, remains challenging. A crux of this problem is the sheer abundance of gene-regulatory sequence motifs (cis elements) mediating protein-DNA interactions that are intermixed in the genome with thousands of look-alike sequences lacking the capacity to mediate functional interactions with proteins in vivo. Furthermore, transcriptional enhancers harbor clustered cis elements, and how altering a single cis element within a cluster impacts enhancer function is unpredictable. Strategies to discover functional enhancers have been innovated, and human genetics can provide vital clues to achieve this goal. Germline or acquired mutations in functionally critical (essential) enhancers, for example at the GATA2 locus encoding a master regulator of hematopoiesis, have been linked to human pathologies. Given the human interindividual genetic variation and complex genetic landscapes of hematologic malignancies, enhancer corruption, creation, and expropriation by new genes may not be exceedingly rare mechanisms underlying disease predisposition and etiology. Paradigms arising from dissecting essential enhancer mechanisms can guide genome-reading strategies to advance fundamental knowledge and precision medicine applications. In this review, we provide our perspective of general principles governing the function of blood disease-linked enhancers and GATA2-centric mechanisms.
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A Novel GATA2 Protein Reporter Mouse Reveals Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Types. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:326-339. [PMID: 32649900 PMCID: PMC7419669 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor (TF) GATA2 plays a key role in organ development and cell fate control in the central nervous, urogenital, respiratory, and reproductive systems, and in primitive and definitive hematopoiesis. Here, we generate a knockin protein reporter mouse line expressing a GATA2VENUS fusion from the endogenous Gata2 genomic locus, with correct expression and localization of GATA2VENUS in different organs. GATA2VENUS expression is heterogeneous in different hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations (HSPCs), identifies functionally distinct subsets, and suggests a novel monocyte and mast cell lineage bifurcation point. GATA2 levels further correlate with proliferation and lineage outcome of hematopoietic progenitors. The GATA2VENUS mouse line improves the identification of specific live cell types during embryonic and adult development and will be crucial for analyzing GATA2 protein dynamics in TF networks. A novel GATA2VENUS fusion mouse line to report GATA2 protein expression VENUS fusion does not alter GATA2 expression or disturb development or homeostasis GATA2 expression identifies functionally distinct HSPC subpopulations GATA2 expression unveils an earlier monocyte-mast cell lineage bifurcation point
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44
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Brown AL, Hahn CN, Scott HS. Secondary leukemia in patients with germline transcription factor mutations (RUNX1, GATA2, CEBPA). Blood 2020; 136:24-35. [PMID: 32430494 PMCID: PMC7332898 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recognition that germline mutations can predispose individuals to blood cancers, often presenting as secondary leukemias, has largely been driven in the last 20 years by studies of families with inherited mutations in the myeloid transcription factors (TFs) RUNX1, GATA2, and CEBPA. As a result, in 2016, classification of myeloid neoplasms with germline predisposition for each of these and other genes was added to the World Health Organization guidelines. The incidence of germline mutation carriers in the general population or in various clinically presenting patient groups remains poorly defined for reasons including that somatic mutations in these genes are common in blood cancers, and our ability to distinguish germline (inherited or de novo) and somatic mutations is often limited by the laboratory analyses. Knowledge of the regulation of these TFs and their mutant alleles, their interaction with other genes and proteins and the environment, and how these alter the clinical presentation of patients and their leukemias is also incomplete. Outstanding questions that remain for patients with these germline mutations or their treating clinicians include: What is the natural course of the disease? What other symptoms may I develop and when? Can you predict them? Can I prevent them? and What is the best treatment? The resolution of many of the remaining clinical and biological questions and effective evidence-based treatment of patients with these inherited mutations will depend on worldwide partnerships among patients, clinicians, diagnosticians, and researchers to aggregate sufficient longitudinal clinical and laboratory data and integrate these data with model systems.
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MESH Headings
- Age of Onset
- Blood Cell Count
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 2 Subunit/genetics
- Disease Management
- Early Detection of Cancer
- Forecasting
- GATA2 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Genes, Neoplasm
- Genetic Counseling
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Germ-Line Mutation
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/epidemiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Penetrance
- Prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Brown
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
| | - Christopher N Hahn
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; and
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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45
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Gata2 -77 enhancer regulates adult hematopoietic stem cell survival. Leukemia 2020; 35:901-905. [PMID: 32594099 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Ray S, Chee L, Matson DR, Palermo NY, Bresnick EH, Hewitt KJ. Sterile α-motif domain requirement for cellular signaling and survival. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:7113-7125. [PMID: 32241909 PMCID: PMC7242717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of sterile α-motif (SAM) domains have predicted structural similarities and are reported to bind proteins, lipids, or RNAs. However, the majority of these domains have not been analyzed functionally. Previously, we demonstrated that a SAM domain-containing protein, SAMD14, promotes SCF/proto-oncogene c-Kit (c-Kit) signaling, erythroid progenitor function, and erythrocyte regeneration. Deletion of a Samd14 enhancer (Samd14-Enh), occupied by GATA2 and SCL/TAL1 transcription factors, reduces SAMD14 expression in bone marrow and spleen and is lethal in a hemolytic anemia mouse model. To rigorously establish whether Samd14-Enh deletion reduces anemia-dependent c-Kit signaling by lowering SAMD14 levels, we developed a genetic rescue assay in murine Samd14-Enh-/- primary erythroid precursor cells. SAMD14 expression at endogenous levels rescued c-Kit signaling. The conserved SAM domain was required for SAMD14 to increase colony-forming activity, c-Kit signaling, and progenitor survival. To elucidate the molecular determinants of SAM domain function in SAMD14, we substituted its SAM domain with distinct SAM domains predicted to be structurally similar. The chimeras were less effective than SAMD14 itself in rescuing signaling, survival, and colony-forming activities. Thus, the SAMD14 SAM domain has attributes that are distinct from other SAM domains and underlie SAMD14 function as a regulator of cellular signaling and erythrocyte regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhita Ray
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Linda Chee
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
| | - Daniel R Matson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Nick Y Palermo
- Holland Computing Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588
| | - Emery H Bresnick
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Blood Research Program, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Kyle J Hewitt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198
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47
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Soukup AA, Bresnick EH. GATA2 +9.5 enhancer: from principles of hematopoiesis to genetic diagnosis in precision medicine. Curr Opin Hematol 2020; 27:163-171. [PMID: 32205587 PMCID: PMC7331797 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW By establishing mechanisms that deliver oxygen to sustain cells and tissues, fight life-threatening pathogens and harness the immune system to eradicate cancer cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are vital in health and disease. The cell biological framework for HSPC generation has been rigorously developed, yet recent single-cell transcriptomic analyses have unveiled permutations of the hematopoietic hierarchy that differ considerably from the traditional roadmap. Deploying mutants that disrupt specific steps in hematopoiesis constitutes a powerful strategy for deconvoluting the complex cell biology. It is striking that a single transcription factor, GATA2, is so crucial for HSPC generation and function, and therefore it is instructive to consider mechanisms governing GATA2 expression and activity. The present review focuses on an essential GATA2 enhancer (+9.5) and how +9.5 mutants inform basic and clinical/translational science. RECENT FINDINGS +9.5 is essential for HSPC generation and function during development and hematopoietic regeneration. Human +9.5 mutations cause immunodeficiency, myelodysplastic syndrome, and acute myeloid leukemia. Qualitatively and quantitatively distinct contributions of +9.5 cis-regulatory elements confer context-dependent enhancer activity. The discovery of +9.5 and its mutant alleles spawned fundamental insights into hematopoiesis, and given its role to suppress blood disease emergence, clinical centers test for mutations in this sequence to diagnose the cause of enigmatic cytopenias. SUMMARY Multidisciplinary approaches to discover and understand cis-regulatory elements governing expression of key regulators of hematopoiesis unveil biological and mechanistic insights that provide the logic for innovating clinical applications.
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48
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Interleukin-33 Signaling Controls the Development of Iron-Recycling Macrophages. Immunity 2020; 52:782-793.e5. [PMID: 32272082 PMCID: PMC7237885 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Splenic red pulp macrophages (RPMs) contribute to erythrocyte homeostasis and are required for iron recycling. Heme induces the expression of SPIC transcription factor in monocyte-derived macrophages and promotes their differentiation into RPM precursors, pre-RPMs. However, the requirements for differentiation into mature RPMs remain unknown. Here, we have demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-33 associated with erythrocytes and co-cooperated with heme to promote the generation of mature RPMs through activation of the MyD88 adaptor protein and ERK1/2 kinases downstream of the IL-33 receptor, IL1RL1. IL-33- and IL1RL1-deficient mice showed defective iron recycling and increased splenic iron deposition. Gene expression and chromatin accessibility studies revealed a role for GATA transcription factors downstream of IL-33 signaling during the development of pre-RPMs that retained full potential to differentiate into RPMs. Thus, IL-33 instructs the development of RPMs as a response to physiological erythrocyte damage with important implications to iron recycling and iron homeostasis.
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49
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Dobrzycki T, Mahony CB, Krecsmarik M, Koyunlar C, Rispoli R, Peulen-Zink J, Gussinklo K, Fedlaoui B, de Pater E, Patient R, Monteiro R. Deletion of a conserved Gata2 enhancer impairs haemogenic endothelium programming and adult Zebrafish haematopoiesis. Commun Biol 2020; 3:71. [PMID: 32054973 PMCID: PMC7018942 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0798-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gata2 is a key transcription factor required to generate Haematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) from haemogenic endothelium (HE); misexpression of Gata2 leads to haematopoietic disorders. Here we deleted a conserved enhancer (i4 enhancer) driving pan-endothelial expression of the zebrafish gata2a and showed that Gata2a is required for HE programming by regulating expression of runx1 and of the second Gata2 orthologue, gata2b. By 5 days, homozygous gata2aΔi4/Δi4 larvae showed normal numbers of HSPCs, a recovery mediated by Notch signalling driving gata2b and runx1 expression in HE. However, gata2aΔi4/Δi4 adults showed oedema, susceptibility to infections and marrow hypo-cellularity, consistent with bone marrow failure found in GATA2 deficiency syndromes. Thus, gata2a expression driven by the i4 enhancer is required for correct HE programming in embryos and maintenance of steady-state haematopoietic stem cell output in the adult. These enhancer mutants will be useful in exploring further the pathophysiology of GATA2-related deficiencies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Dobrzycki
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christopher B Mahony
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Monika Krecsmarik
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Cansu Koyunlar
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rossella Rispoli
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joke Peulen-Zink
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bakhta Fedlaoui
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma de Pater
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Patient
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Rui Monteiro
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford, UK.
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50
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Song B, Lee JM, Park YJ, Kim IK, Kim BS, Shin KS, Jeon I, Koh CH, Bae EA, Seo H, Byun Y, Kang CY. Differentiation of c-Kit + CD24 + natural killer cells into myeloid cells in a GATA-2-dependent manner. FASEB J 2020; 34:4462-4481. [PMID: 31989715 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902662r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid progenitor cells have generally been considered the predominant source of myeloid cells under steady-state conditions. Here we show that NK cells contributed to a myeloid cell lineage pool in naïve and tumor-bearing mice. Using fate tracing of NKp46+ cells, we found that myeloid cells could be derived from NK cells. Notably, among mature CD11b+ CD27+ NK cells, c-Kit+ CD24+ NK cells were capable of differentiating into a range of myeloid lineages in vitro and produced neutrophils and monocytes in vivo. The differentiation was completely inhibited by NK-stimulating cytokines. In addition to the potential for differentiation into myeloid cells, c-Kit+ CD24+ NK cells retained NK cell phenotypes and effector functions. Mechanistically, GATA-2 was necessary for the differentiation of c-Kit+ CD24+ NK cells. Therefore, we discovered that GATA-2-dependent differentiation of c-Kit+ CD24+ NK cells contributes to myeloid cell development and identified a novel pathway for myeloid lineage commitment under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyeong Song
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Seok Kim
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Insu Jeon
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Seo
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngro Byun
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yuil Kang
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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