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Yao N, Feng L, Jiang W, Wu P, Ren H, Shi H, Tang L, Li S, Wu C, Li H, Liu Y, Zhou X. An emerging role of arecoline on growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption capacities and intestinal structural integrity of adult grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:173-186. [PMID: 38023377 PMCID: PMC10679820 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Arecoline is an alkaloid with important pharmacological effects in the plant areca nut, which has been demonstrated to be an agonist of muscarinic receptors (M receptor). This study explored the influences of dietary arecoline on growth performance, intestinal digestion and absorption abilities, antioxidant capacity, and the apical junction complex (AJC) of adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Adult grass carp (608 to 1512 g) were fed at 6 graded levels of dietary arecoline (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg diet) for 9 weeks. The results suggested that appropriate dietary supplementation of arecoline (1.0 mg/kg) increased growth parameters and intestinal growth in adult grass carp (P < 0.05), enhanced digestion and absorption capacities (P < 0.05), up-regulated muscarinic receptor 3 (M3) mRNA level (P < 0.05), increased the content of neuropeptide fish substance P (P < 0.05), improved antioxidant capacity by activating the Keap1a/Nrf2 signaling pathway (P < 0.05), reduced intestinal mucosal permeability (P < 0.05), and increased mRNA levels of tight junction (TJ) and adherent junction AJ-related proteins in fish by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway (RhoA/ROCK/MLCK/NMII) (P < 0.05). In addition, the appropriate arecoline supplementation for adult grass carp was determined to be 1.20, 1.21, 1.07, and 1.19 mg/kg based on percentage weight gain, lipase activity, serum diamine oxidase, and protein carbonyl, respectively. Overall, to the best of our knowledge, we investigated for the first time the effects and possible mechanisms of dietary arecoline on intestinal digestive and absorptive capacities and structural integrity in fish and evaluated the appropriate level of supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hongmei Ren
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hequn Shi
- Guangzhou Cohoo Biotech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Caimei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hua Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, 611130, China
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Ranasinghe N, Chen WZ, Hu YC, Gamage L, Lee TH, Ho CW. Regulation of PGC-1α of the Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism Pathway in the Gills of Indian Medaka ( Oryzias dancena) under Hypothermal Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16187. [PMID: 38003377 PMCID: PMC10671116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectothermic fish exposure to hypothermal stress requires adjusting their metabolic molecular machinery, which was investigated using Indian medaka (Oryzias dancena; 10 weeks old, 2.5 ± 0.5 cm) cultured in fresh water (FW) and seawater (SW; 35‱) at room temperature (28 ± 1 °C). The fish were fed twice a day, once in the morning and once in the evening, and the photoperiod was 12 h:12 h light: dark. In this study, we applied two hypothermal treatments to reveal the mechanisms of energy metabolism via pgc-1α regulation in the gills of Indian medaka; cold-stress (18 °C) and cold-tolerance (extreme cold; 15 °C). The branchial ATP content was significantly higher in the cold-stress group, but not in the cold-tolerance group. In FW- and SW-acclimated medaka, the expression of genes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism, including pgc-1α, prc, Nrf2, tfam, and nd5, was analyzed to illustrate differential responses of mitochondrial energy metabolism to cold-stress and cold-tolerance environments. When exposed to cold-stress, the relative mRNA expression of pgc-1α, prc, and Nrf2 increased from 2 h, whereas that of tfam and nd5 increased significantly from 168 h. When exposed to a cold-tolerant environment, prc was significantly upregulated at 2 h post-cooling in the FW and SW groups, and pgc-1α was significantly upregulated at 2 and 12 h post-cooling in the FW group, while tfam and nd5 were downregulated in both FW and SW fish. Hierarchical clustering revealed gene interactions in the cold-stress group, which promoted diverse mitochondrial energy adaptations, causing an increase in ATP production. However, the cold-tolerant group demonstrated limitations in enhancing ATP levels through mitochondrial regulation via the PGC-1α energy metabolism pathway. These findings suggest that ectothermic fish may develop varying degrees of thermal tolerance over time in response to climate change. This study provides insights into the complex ways in which fish adjust their metabolism when exposed to cold stress, contributing to our knowledge of how they adapt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Ranasinghe
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.R.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.R.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Chung Hu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.R.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Lahiru Gamage
- International Master’s Program of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.R.)
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Wen Ho
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; (N.R.)
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AlKatrani LMAA. Direct transfer to different salinities and its effect on energy and metabolic enzymes in juveniles and adults of yellowfin sea bream Acanthopagrus arabicus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:1510-1516. [PMID: 37009880 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Juveniles and adults of Acanthopagrus arabicus were studied to compare the effect of different salt concentrations (1.5, 7.5, 15, 30 and 45 psu) at 6, 24, 48 and 96 h on activities of the enzymes creatine kinase (CK) in gills, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in intestine. CK and LDH were found to exhibit superior activity in adults compared to juveniles. All enzymes exhibited heightened activity with the increase in salinity and decreased activity with the passage of time in all salinities. Results showed that three enzymes exhibited excellent performance in adults than in juveniles.
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Nagarajan G, Aruna A, Chang YM, Alkhamis YA, Mathew RT, Chang CF. Effects of Osmotic Stress on the mRNA Expression of prl, prlr, gr, gh, and ghr in the Pituitary and Osmoregulatory Organs of Black Porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065318. [PMID: 36982391 PMCID: PMC10049143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In euryhaline teleost black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, the glucocorticoid receptor (gr), growth hormone receptor (ghr), prolactin (prl)-receptor (prlr), and sodium–potassium ATPase alpha subunit (α-nka) play essential physiological roles in the osmoregulatory organs, including the gill, kidney, and intestine, during osmotic stress. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of pituitary hormones and hormone receptors in the osmoregulatory organs during the transfer from freshwater (FW) to 4 ppt and seawater (SW) and vice versa in black porgy. Quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) was carried out to analyze the transcript levels during salinity and osmoregulatory stress. Increased salinity resulted in decreased transcripts of prl in the pituitary, α-nka and prlr in the gill, and α-nka and prlr in the kidney. Increased salinity caused the increased transcripts of gr in the gill and α-nka in the intestine. Decreased salinity resulted in increased pituitary prl, and increases in α-nka and prlr in the gill, and α-nka, prlr, and ghr in the kidney. Taken together, the present results highlight the involvement of prl, prlr, gh, and ghr in the osmoregulation and osmotic stress in the osmoregulatory organs (gill, intestine, and kidney). Pituitary prl, and gill and intestine prlr are consistently downregulated during the increased salinity stress and vice versa. It is suggested that prl plays a more significant role in osmoregulation than gh in the euryhaline black porgy. Furthermore, the present results highlighted that the gill gr transcript’s role was solely to balance the homeostasis in the black porgy during salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Nagarajan
- Department of Basic Sciences, PYD, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (G.N.); (C.-F.C.); Tel.: +966-0135896810 (G.N.); +886-2-2462-2192 (ext. 5209) (C.-F.C.)
| | - Adimoolam Aruna
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
| | - Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis
- Animal and Fish Production Department, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Hofuf-420, Al-Asha 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Fish Resources Research Center, King Faisal University, Hofuf-420, Al-Asha 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roshmon Thomas Mathew
- Fish Resources Research Center, King Faisal University, Hofuf-420, Al-Asha 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ching-Fong Chang
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (G.N.); (C.-F.C.); Tel.: +966-0135896810 (G.N.); +886-2-2462-2192 (ext. 5209) (C.-F.C.)
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Su H, Ma D, Fan J, Zhong Z, Li Y, Zhu H. Metabolism response mechanism in the gill of Oreochromis mossambicus under salinity, alkalinity and saline-alkalinity stresses. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114523. [PMID: 36638565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Saline-alkalinity is one of the important ecological parameter that has an impact function on the physiological metabolism, osmoregulation, survival, growth, development and distribution of teleost fish. Oreochromis mossambicus, a species of euryhaline that can withstand a wide variety of salinities, may be used as a research model animal in environmental studies. In order to detect the metabolism responses and mechanisms of different osmotic stresses tolerance in the gills of O. mossambicus, in present study, the metabolic responses of O. mossambicus subjected to salinity (25 g/L, S_S), alkalinity (4 g/L, A_S) and saline-alkalinity stress (salinity: 25 g/L, alkalinity: 4 g/L; SA_S) with the control environment (freshwater, C_S) were investigated by LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics. The metabolism results indicated that numerous metabolites were identified between the stress groups and the control group. In addition, under three osmotic stresses, the amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism, levels of amino acids, osmolytes and energy substances, such as L-lysine, arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acids, creatine and taurine, were significantly affected and changed in the metabolism of the gills of O. mossambicus. The metabolism data indicated that signal transduction and regulation pathways, including FoxO signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway and prolactin signaling pathway, were enriched in the gill during adaptation to high salinity, alkalinity and saline-alkalinity stress. The results of this study provide more comprehensive and reliable data for the osmotic pressure regulation mechanism and biological response of euryhaline teleost, and provide reliable scientific basis for the breeding and research of high salinity tolerance population, and further promote the development and utilization of saline-alkalinity water resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Shanghai Ocean University, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Dongmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Jiajia Fan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Zaixuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China
| | - Yaya Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Shanghai Ocean University, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Huaping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immunology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510380, China.
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Li X, Jiang S, Sun L. Tongue sole creatine kinases function as DAMP and activate antimicrobial immunity via TLR2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142488. [PMID: 36936949 PMCID: PMC10014616 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that regulates adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism to maintain energy homeostasis. Although CK has been reported to be involved in pathogen infection, the immune function of CK remains elusive. In this study, we identified two muscle-type CK from the teleost tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis (designated CsCKM-1 and CsCKM-2). Bacterial infection modulated CsCKM-1/2 expression in tongue sole tissues and induced the release of CsCKM-1/2 into serum. Recombinant CsCKM-1/2 (rCsCKM-1/2) exhibited robust kinase activity and bound to bacterial pathogens and pathogen-associated molecular patterns. rCsCKM-1/2 also bound to tongue sole peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and promoted PBLs to uptake bacterial pathogens, inhibit bacterial proliferation, and express proinflammatory cytokines. When co-expressed in HEK293T cells, CsCKM-1/2 were found to interact with the leucine rich domain of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). The presence of TLR2 antagonist significantly reduced CsCKM-1/2-induced immune response and antibacterial effect. Taken together, these results indicated that tongue sole creatine kinases function as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules and play an important role in antimicrobial immunity via TLR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of
Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine
Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of
Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine
Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Jiang, ; Li Sun,
| | - Li Sun
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of
Oceanology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine
Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Jiang, ; Li Sun,
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He CF, Li XF, Jiang GZ, Zhang L, Sun M, Ge YP, Chen WL, Liu WB. Feed types affect the growth, nutrient utilization, digestive capabilities, and endocrine functions of Megalobrama amblycephala: a comparative study between pelleted and extruded feed. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1025-1038. [PMID: 35802285 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, both pelleted feed (PF) and extruded feed (EF) have been widely adopted in the aquaculture industry. However, limited information is available comparing their utilization efficiencies and meanwhile interpreting the underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to compare the utilization efficiencies of both PF and EF by blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) based on growth performance, digestive capacities, and endocrine functions. Two feeds with identical formulas were prepared and named PF and EF. Fish were randomly distributed into two groups, including one that fed the PF continuously, and one that offered the EF continuously. The whole feeding trail lasted 8 weeks. The results showed that the protein efficiency (PER), retention of nitrogen and energy (NRE and ERE), viscera index (VSI), apparent digestibility of dry matter, protein, carbohydrate, and gross energy, whole-body crude protein and energy contents, intestinal enzymatic activities of protease, amylase, and Na+,K+-ATPase, intestinal villi length, crypt depth, muscular layer thickness, and the transcriptions of leptin (LEP) and cholecystokinin (CCK) of the EF group were all significantly higher than those of the PF group, while the opposite was true for feed intake and feed conversion ratio. These findings suggested that compared with PF, EF could improve the feed utilization and nutrient retention of blunt snout bream by enhancing the intestinal digestive and absorptive functions but reduce the feed intake through the stimulation of both LEP and CCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Fan He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang RoadJiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Xu C, Huang XP, Guan JF, Chen ZM, Ma YC, Xie DZ, Ning LJ, Li YY. Effects of dietary leucine and valine levels on growth performance, glycolipid metabolism and immune response in Tilapia GIFT Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:395-403. [PMID: 35065275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary leucine (Leu) and valine (Val) levels on growth performance, glycolipid metabolism and immune response in Oreochromis niloticus. Fish (15.23 ± 0.05 g) were randomly fed four diets containing two Leu levels (1.2% and 2.3%) and two Val levels (0.7% and 1.4%) as a 2 × 2 experimental design (LL-LV, LL-HV, HL-LV and HL-HV). Compared with LL-LV group, the growth parameters (final weight, daily growth coefficient (DGC) and growth rate per metabolic body weight (GRMBW)), feed conversion rate (FCR), the activities of intestinal amylase, lipase, creatine kinase (CK) and Na+, K+-ATPase, liver NAD+/NADH ratio, as well as the expression of SIRT1, GK, PK, FBPase, PPARα, CPT IA, ACO and IL10 all increased significantly in the HL-LV group; however, in the high Val group, final weight, DGC, GRMBW, intestinal enzyme activities, as well as the expression of PEPCK, SREBP1, FAS, IL8 and IL10 of the HL-HV group were significantly lower than those of the LL-HV group, while the opposite was true for the remaining indicators. Significant interactions between dietary Leu and Val were observed in final weight, DGC, GRMBW, plasma IL1β and IL6 levels, intestinal amylase and CK activities, liver NAD+/NADH ratio, as well as the expression of SIRT1, PK, PEPCK, FBPase, SREBP1, FAS, PPARα, CPT IA, ACO, NF-κB1, IL1β, IL6 and IL10. The highest values of growth parameters, intestinal enzyme activities and expression of SIRT1, FBPase, PPARα, CPT IA and ACO were observed in the HL-LV group, while the opposite was true for the expression of SREBP1, FAS, PPARα, NF-κB1, IL1β and IL6. Overall, our findings indicated that dietary Leu and Val can effect interactively, and fish fed with diets containing 2.3% Leu with 0.7% Val had the best growth performance and hepatic health status of O. niloticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jun-Feng Guan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ze-Min Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yong-Cai Ma
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Di-Zhi Xie
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Li-Jun Ning
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuan-You Li
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, No.483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Abasubong KP, Li XF, Adjoumani JJY, Jiang GZ, Desouky HE, Liu WB. Effects of dietary xylooligosaccharide prebiotic supplementation on growth, antioxidant and intestinal immune-related genes expression in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed a high-fat diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:403-418. [PMID: 34957599 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of xylooligosaccharide (XOS) supplementation on growth, intestinal enzyme, antioxidant and immune-related genes in common carp Cyprinus carpio fed a high-fat diet (HFD). One hundred and ninety two fish with an initial weight of 19.61 ± 0.96 g were allocated into 24 tanks (eight fish per tank in four replicate) and were fed the control diet, HFD, HFD with 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3% XOS supplementation. From the result, fish offered HFD with 1% XOS supplementation significantly obtained a higher body mass index and feed efficiency ratio, whereas condition factor was higher in fish fed HFD supplemented with 2% XOS but no difference was attributed to other supplemented group compared to control group. Also, fish fed HFD supplemented with 1%-2% XOS significantly improved protease, lipase, creatine kinase and sodium/potassium ATPase activities compared to other groups. Fish offered HFD were significantly lower in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), myeloperoxidase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme activities and immunoglobulin content, but the opposite result was found for aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase activities, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and cortisol content as compared with the control. However, this effect was reversed with HFD supplemented with XOS. Also, interleukin 1β, interleukin 8, tumour necrosis factors, interferons, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in the intestine were all up-regulated in the HFD group, while the reverse pattern was found in SOD, GPX, lysozyme-C, complement 3 and mucin 5b (muc5b), than the control group. These effects were all enhanced by feeding the XOS diet, especially those fed 1%-3% supplementation. In conclusion, XOS inclusion can improve the growth, digestive enzymes, antioxidants and immune response of common carp fed HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jean-Jacques Y Adjoumani
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hesham E Desouky
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Animal, Poultry and Fish Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Beheria, Egypt
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Interactions between dietary carbohydrate and thiamine: implications on the growth performance and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of Megalobrama amblycephala. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:321-334. [PMID: 33749571 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100101x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the influences of thiamine ongrowth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of Megalobramaamblycephala fed a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet. Fish (24·73 (sem 0·45) g) were randomly assigned to one of four diets: two carbohydrate (CHO) levels (30 and 45 %) and two thiamine levels (0 and 1·5 mg/kg). HC diets significantly decreased DGC, GRMBW, FIMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, lipase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complexes I, III and IV, intestinal ML, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK: T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, mitochondrial transcription factor A, Opa-1, ND-1 and COX-1 and 2, while the opposite was true for ATP, AMP and reactive oxygen species, and the transcriptions of dynamin-related protein-1, fission-1 and mitochondrial fission factor. Dietarythiamine concentrations significantly increased DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, Na+, K+-ATPase, CK, complexes I and IV, intestinal ML, number of mitochondrial per field, ΔΨm, the P-AMPK:T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, ND-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Furthermore, a significant interaction between dietary CHO and thiamine was observed in DGC, GRMBW, intestinal activities of amylase, CK, complexes I and IV, ΔΨm, the AMP:ATP ratio, the P-AMPK:T-AMPK ratio, PGC-1β protein expression as well as the transcriptions of AMPKα1, AMPKα2, PGC-1β, Opa-1, COX-1 and 2, SGLT-1 and GLUT-2. Overall, thiamine supplementation improved growth performance, and intestinal mitochondrial biogenesis and function of M. amblycephala fed HC diets.
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11
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Baldissera MD, de Freitas Souza C, Boaventura TP, Nakayama CL, Baldisserotto B, Luz RK. Involvement of the phosphoryl transfer network in gill bioenergetic imbalance of pacamã (Lophiosilurus alexandri) subjected to hypoxia: notable participation of creatine kinase. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:405-416. [PMID: 31784931 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is among the most critical environmental stressors for fish in aquatic environments, and several energetic alterations have been associated with it. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the involvement of the phosphoryl transfer network and its effects on adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent enzymes during hypoxia, as well as the role of oxidative stress in the activity of the phosphoryl transfer network in pacamã (Lophiosilurus alexandri) subjected to severe hypoxia. Branchial creatine kinase (CK; cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions), adenylate kinase (AK), and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities were inhibited after 72 h of exposure to hypoxia compared to their respective normoxia groups, and remained low (except for AK) after 24 and 72 h of re-oxygenation. Activities of the branchial sodium-potassium pump (Na+, K+-ATPase) and proton pump (H+-ATPase) were inhibited in fish exposed to 72 h of hypoxia compared to the normoxia group, remained inhibited after 24 h of re-oxygenation, and were restored to physiological levels after 72 h of re-oxygenation. Levels of branchial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were higher in fish exposed to hypoxia for 72 h compared to the normoxia group, and increased during re-oxygenation. Lipid peroxidation (LOOH) levels were higher in fish subjected to 72 h of hypoxia compared to the normoxia group, and remained higher during re-oxygenation. On the other hand, protein sulfhydryl (PSH) levels were lower in fish exposed to hypoxia for 72 h compared to the normoxia group, and remained low during re-oxygenation. Based on this evidence, inhibition of the activities of enzymes belonging to phosphoryl transfer network contributed to impairing energetic homeostasis linked to ATP production and ATP utilization in gills of pacamã subjected to hypoxia, and remained inhibited during re-oxygenation (except AK activity). Moreover, inhibition of the phosphoryl transfer network impaired activity of ATP-dependent enzymes, which can be mediated by ROS overproduction, lipid peroxidation, and oxidation of SH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus D Baldissera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carine de Freitas Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tulio P Boaventura
- Laboratório de Aquacultura da Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cintia L Nakayama
- Laboratório de Aquacultura da Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Baldisserotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronald K Luz
- Laboratório de Aquacultura da Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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12
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Zeng J, Herbert NA, Lu W. Differential Coping Strategies in Response to Salinity Challenge in Olive Flounder. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31780952 PMCID: PMC6852876 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine how different fish coping strategies respond to salinity challenge, olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) with active coping style (AC) and passive coping style (PC) were transferred from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) and their behavior and physiology were analyzed. Different behavioral coping strategies, in terms of escape and feeding tendencies, were confirmed in AC and PC fish without FW exposure. Differences in swimming distance between AC and PC flounder were then assessed after 1 and 2 days of FW transfer. Plasma parameters and branchial gene expression were also determined 2, 5, 8, and 14 days after transfer, with comparisons between AC and PC fish and against a SW-acclimated control group. The results showed that: (1) PC flounder exhibited a significant reduction in swimming activity, while AC flounder significantly increased locomotion 2 days after transfer. (2) The plasma osmolality and plasma ionic (Na+ and Cl−) concentration of FW-acclimated PC flounder declined in a continuous fashion over time but this contrasted against the plasma parameters of AC flounder which fluctuated below the baseline level of a SW-acclimated control group. (3) The expression of NKA-α1 and NHE-3-like mRNA in PC flounder gill increased significantly from 5 days, but the expression of these two genes in AC flounder only increased after 8 days of transfer. (4) There were no remarkable differences observed in Rhcg expressions between AC and PC flounder. This study indicates for the first time that PC flounder adopt a “freeze-passive tolerance” strategy while AC flounder adopt a “flight-active resistance” defense strategy in response to salinity challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjia Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
| | - Neill A Herbert
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Leigh Marine Laboratory, The University of Auckland, Warkworth, New Zealand
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13
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Zhao Y, Wu XY, Xu SX, Xie JY, Xiang KW, Feng L, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Wu P, Zhao J, Zhou XQ, Jiang J. Dietary tryptophan affects growth performance, digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and appetite and GH-IGF axis-related gene expression of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1627-1647. [PMID: 31161532 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 56-day feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on growth performance, digestive and absorptive enzyme activities, intestinal antioxidant capacity, and appetite and GH-IGF axis-related genes expression of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli♀ × Leiocassis longirostris♂). A total of 864 hybrid catfish (21.82 ± 0.14 g) were fed six different experimental diets containing graded levels of Trp at 2.6, 3.1, 3.7, 4.2, 4.7, and 5.6 g kg-1 diet. The results indicated that dietary Trp increased (P < 0.05) (1) final body weight, percent weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio; (2) fish body protein, lipid and ash contents, protein, and ash production values; (3) stomach weight, stomach somatic index, liver weight, intestinal weight, length and somatic index, and relative gut length; and (4) activities of pepsin in the stomach; trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and amylase in the pancreas and intestine; and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, Na+, K+-ATPase, and alkaline phosphatase in the intestine. Dietary Trp decreased malondialdehyde content, increased antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione content, but downregulated Keap1 mRNA expression, and upregulated the expression of NPY, ghrelin, GH, GHR, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1R, PIK3Ca, AKT1, TOR, 4EBP1, and S6K1 genes. These results indicated that Trp improved hybrid catfish growth performance, digestive and absorptive ability, antioxidant status, and appetite and GH-IGF axis-related gene expression. Based on the quadratic regression analysis of PWG, SGR, and FI, the dietary Trp requirement of hybrid catfish (21.82-39.64 g) was recommended between 3.96 and 4.08 g kg-1 diet (9.4-9.7 g kg-1 of dietary protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Shang-Xiao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jia-Yuan Xie
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Kai-Wen Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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14
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Jiang W, Tian X, Fang Z, Li L, Dong S, Li H, Zhao K. Metabolic responses in the gills of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) exposed to salinity stress using NMR-based metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:465-474. [PMID: 30412891 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an important environmental factor affecting fish physiology. Tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a euryhaline species that can survive in a wide range of salinity, and might be used as a promising model animal for environmental science. In this study, by using the nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR)-based metabolomics, amino acids analysis and real-time quantitative PCR assay, we investigated the metabolic responses in the gills and plasma of tongue sole subjected to hypo- (0 ppt, S0) and hyper-osmotic stress (50 ppt, S50) from isosmotic environment (30 ppt, S30). The results showed that the metabolic profiles of S50 were significantly different from those of S0 and S30 groups, and a clear overlap was found between the latter two groups. Ten metabolites were significantly different between the salt stress groups and the isosmotic group. Taurine and creatine elevated in both S0 and S50 groups. Choline decreased in S50 group while increased in S0 group. Amino acids and energy compounds were higher in the gills of S50 group. The metabolic network showed that ten metabolic pathways were all found in S50 group, while seven pathways were observed in S0 group. Meanwhile, the transcript levels of the Tau-T and ATP synthase in the gills increased with increasing salinity. Aspartate and methionine exhibited significant differences in the plasma among the groups, but did not show differences in the gills. Comparatively, glutamate exhibited significant differences both in the plasma and the gills. Overall, these findings provide a preliminary profile of osmotic regulation in euryhaline fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangli Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziheng Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanglin Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266100, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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15
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Xiao W, Jiang W, Feng L, Liu Y, Wu P, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Supplementation of enzyme-treated soy protein saves dietary protein and promotes digestive and absorptive ability referring to TOR signaling in juvenile fish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2017; 43:1657-1675. [PMID: 28913664 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-017-0400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of enzyme-treated soy protein (ETSP) supplementation in the low-protein diet on growth performance, digestive and absorptive capacities, and related signaling molecules' gene expressions in juvenile Jian carp. The results showed that percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed intake (FI) were decreased by reducing dietary protein from 34 to 32% (P < 0.05). Supplying low-protein diet with optimal ETSP increased previously mentioned indices of juvenile Jian carp (P < 0.05), which also had no significant difference with the high-protein diet (34%CP) (P > 0.05). Compared with the low-protein diet, appropriate ETSP supplementation in the low-protein diet increased (P < 0.05) (1) the trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities in the hepatopancreas; (2) cholecystokinin concentration in the proximal intestine; (3) the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and Na+/K+-ATPase activities in all intestinal segments; and (4) the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of trypsin, lipase, and amylase in hepatopancreas and γ-GT in the mid (MI) and distal (DI) intestine, alkaline phosphatase in MI, and Na+/K+-ATPase and target of rapamycin in all intestinal segments. At the same time, appropriate ETSP supplementation in the low-protein diet downregulated the mRNA levels of AKP in the DI and eIF4E-binding protein 2 in all intestinal segments (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding 10 g ETSP/kg diet in the low-protein diet can restore the growth performance and digestive and absorptive abilities to the levels in group with 34% dietary protein. Supplementation of optimal ETSP in the low-protein diet enhanced the digestive and absorptive abilities and regulated the signaling molecules related to the TOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xiao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Chengdu Mytech Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610222, China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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16
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Wu P, Tang L, Jiang W, Hu K, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang S, Tang L, Tang W, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Feng L. The relationship between dietary methionine and growth, digestion, absorption, and antioxidant status in intestinal and hepatopancreatic tissues of sub-adult grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:63. [PMID: 28781773 PMCID: PMC5537997 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methionine is an essential amino acid for fish. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary methionine on growth performance, digestive and absorptive ability, as well as antioxidant capacity in the intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). RESULTS Dietary methionine deficiency significantly decreased percentage weight gain (PWG), feed intake, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio, as well as activities of hepatopancreatic glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase and muscle glutamate-pyruvate transaminase in sub-adult grass carp (P < 0.05). Furthermore, methionine deficiency significantly reduced activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase in the intestine, Na+/K+-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in three intestinal segments, and creatine kinase (CK) in the proximal intestine (P < 0.05). However, an unexplained and significant increase in CK activity in the mid intestine was associated with dietary methionine deficiency. Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents in the intestine and hepatopancreas were significantly increased by methionine deficiency (P < 0.05), whereas anti-hydroxyl radical capacity in the hepatopancreas and intestine, and anti-superoxide anion capacity in the intestine, were significantly decreased by methionine deficiency (P < 0.05). Moreover, methionine deficiency significantly decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities, glutathione contents in the hepatopancreas and intestine, as well as glutathione peroxidase activity in the intestine (P < 0.05), whereas it significantly increased activities of catalase in the hepatopancreas and glutathione-S-transferase in the hepatopancreas and intestine (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrated that dietary methionine deficiency induced poor growth, and decreased digestive and absorptive function and antioxidant capacity in the hepatopancreas and intestine of sub-adult grass carp. Methionine requirements for sub-adult grass carp (450-1, 170 g) based on PWG, intestinal trypsin, and hepatopancreatic anti-hydroxyl radical activities were estimated to be 6.12 g/kg diet (21.80 g/kg protein), 6.99 g/kg diet (24.90 g/kg protein) and 5.42 g/kg diet (19.31 g/kg protein), respectively, in the presence of 1.50 g cysteine/kg (5.35 g/kg protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Kai Hu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Shengyao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Wuneng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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Lu XJ, Zhang H, Yang GJ, Li MY, Chen J. Comparative transcriptome analysis on the alteration of gene expression in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) larvae associated with salinity change. DONG WU XUE YAN JIU = ZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2017; 37:126-35. [PMID: 27265650 DOI: 10.13918/j.issn.2095-8137.2016.3.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) fish, which are an amphidromous species distributed in East Asia, live in brackish water (BW) during their larval stage and in fresh water (FW) during their adult stage. In this study, we found that FW-acclimated ayu larvae exhibited a slower growth ratio compared with that of BW-acclimated larvae. However, the mechanism underlying FW acclimation on growth suppression is poorly known. We employed transcriptome analysis to investigate the differential gene expression of FW acclimation by RNA sequencing. We identified 158 upregulated and 139 downregulated transcripts in FW-acclimated ayu larvae compared with that in BW-acclimated larvae. As determined by Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway mapping, functional annotation of the genes covered diverse biological functions and processes, and included neuroendocrinology, osmotic regulation, energy metabolism, and the cytoskeleton. Transcriptional expression of several differentially expressed genes in response to FW acclimation was further confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR. In accordance with transcriptome analysis, iodothyronine deiodinase (ID), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1(BHMT), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B (aldolase B), tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), and Na(+)-K(+) ATPase (NKA) were upregulated after FW acclimation. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of b-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and transgelin were downregulated after FW acclimation. Our data indicate that FW acclimation reduced the growth rate of ayu larvae, which might result from the expression alteration of genes related to endocrine hormones, energy metabolism, and direct osmoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jiang Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ming-Yun Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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18
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Cappello T, Pereira P, Maisano M, Mauceri A, Pacheco M, Fasulo S. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of mercury toxicity in wild golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) by 1H NMR-based metabolomics. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:139-148. [PMID: 27814529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is recognized as a dangerous contaminant due to its bioaccumulation and biomagnification within trophic levels, leading to serious health risks to aquatic biota. Therefore, there is an urgent need to unravel the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of Hg. To this aim, a metabolomics approach based on protonic nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), coupled with chemometrics, was performed on the gills of wild golden grey mullets L. aurata living in an Hg-polluted area in Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Gills were selected as target organ due to their direct and continuous interaction with the surrounding environment. As a consequence of accumulated inorganic Hg and methylmercury, severe changes in the gill metabolome were observed, indicating a compromised health status of mullets. Numerous metabolites, i.e. amino acids, osmolytes, carbohydrates, and nucleotides, were identified as potential biomarkers of Hg toxicity in fish gills. Specifically, decrease of taurine and glycerophosphocholine, along with increased creatine level, suggested Hg interference with the ion-osmoregulatory processes. The rise of lactate indicated anaerobic metabolism enhancement. Moreover, the increased levels of amino acids suggested the occurrence of protein catabolism, further supported by the augmented alanine, involved in nitrogenous waste excretion. Increased level of isobutyrate, a marker of anoxia, was suggestive of onset of hypoxic stress at the Hg contaminated site. Moreover, the concomitant reduction in glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine reflected the occurrence of membrane repair processes. Finally, perturbation in antioxidant defence system was revealed by the depletion in glutathione and its constituent amino acids. All these data were also compared to the differential Hg-induced metabolic responses previously observed in liver of the same mullets (Brandão et al., 2015). Overall, the environmental metabolomics approach demonstrated its effectiveness in the evaluation of Hg toxicity mechanisms in wild fish under realistic environmental conditions, uncovering tissue-specificities regarding Hg toxic effects namely in gills and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Cappello
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Patrícia Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Maisano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Angela Mauceri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Mário Pacheco
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Salvatore Fasulo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Liu S, Feng L, Jiang WD, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wu P, Zeng YY, Xu SD, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ. Impact of exogenous lipase supplementation on growth, intestinal function, mucosal immune and physical barrier, and related signaling molecules mRNA expression of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:88-105. [PMID: 27164217 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of exogenous lipase supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal growth and function, immune response and physical barrier function, and related signaling molecules mRNA expression of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 450 grass carp (255.02 ± 0.34 g) were fed five diets for 60 days. There were 5 dietary treatments that included a normal protein and lipid diet containing 30% crude protein (CP) with 5% ether extract (EE), and the low-protein and high-lipid diets (28% CP, 6% EE) supplemented with graded levels of exogenous lipase supplementation activity at 0, 1193, 2560 and 3730 U/kg diet. The results indicated that compared with a normal protein and lipid diet (30% CP, 5% EE), a low-protein and high-lipid diet (28% CP, 6% EE) (un-supplemented lipase) improved lysozyme activities and complement component 3 contents in the distal intestine (DI), interleukin 10 mRNA expression in the proximal intestine (PI), and glutathione S-transferases activity and glutathione content in the intestine of young grass carp. In addition, in low-protein and high-lipid diets, optimal exogenous lipase supplementation significantly increased acid phosphatase (ACP) activities and complement component 3 (C3) contents (P < 0.05), up-regulated the relative mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides (liver expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 and hepcidin) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1) and signaling molecules inhibitor protein-κBα (IκBα) and target of rapamycin (TOR) (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 8, interferon γ2, and interleukin 1β), and signaling molecules (nuclear factor kappa B p65, IκB kinase β, IκB kinase γ) (P < 0.05) in the intestine of young grass carp. Moreover, optimal exogenous lipase supplementation significantly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents (P < 0.05), improved the activities of anti-superoxide anion (ASA) and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR), glutathione content, and the activities and mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes (copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases and glutathione reductase) (P < 0.05), up-regulated signaling molecule NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (P < 0.05), down-regulated signaling molecules (Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a, Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1b) (P < 0.05) in the intestine of young grass carp. Furthermore, optimal exogenous lipase supplementation significantly elevated the mRNA levels of tight junction proteins (Occludin, zonula occludens 1, Claudin b, Claudin c and Claudin 3) (P < 0.05), down-regulated the mRNA levels of tight junction proteins (Claudin 12 and Claudin 15a) (P < 0.05), down-regulated signaling molecules myosin light chain kinase (P < 0.05) in the intestine of young grass carp. In conclusion, dietary lipid could partially spare protein, and the low-protein and high-lipid diet could improve growth, intestinal growth and function, immune response and antioxidant capability of fish. Meanwhile, in high-fat and low-protein diets, optimal exogenous lipase supplementation improved growth, intestinal growth and function, intestinal immunity, physical barrier, and regulated the mRNA expression of related signal molecules of fish. The optimal level of exogenous lipase supplementation in young grass carp (255-771 g) was estimated to be 1193 U kg(-1) diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yun-Yun Zeng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shu-De Xu
- Guangdong Vtr Bio-tech Co., Ltd., Zhuhai 519060, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
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20
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Xu C, Li XF, Tian HY, Jiang GZ, Liu WB. Feeding rates affect growth, intestinal digestive and absorptive capabilities and endocrine functions of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:689-700. [PMID: 26597852 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the optimal feeding rate for juvenile blunt snout bream (average initial weight 23.74 ± 0.09 g) based on the results on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive capabilities and endocrine functions. A total of 840 fish were randomly distributed into 24 cages and fed a commercial feed at six feeding rates ranging from 2.0 to 7.0% body weight (BW)/day. The results indicated that weight gain rate increased significantly (P < 0.05) as feeding rates increased from 2.0 to 5.0% BW/day, but decreased with the further increasing feeding rates (P > 0.05). Protein efficiency ratio and nitrogen and energy retention all showed a similar trend. However, feed conversion ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing feeding rates. Feeding rates have little effects (P > 0.05) on whole-body moisture, ash and protein contents, but significantly (P < 0.05) affect both lipid and energy contents with the highest values both observed in fish fed 4.0% BW/day. In addition, moderate ration sizes (2.0-4.0% BW/day) resulted in the enhanced activities of intestinal enzymes, including lipase, protease, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors-I, growth hormone receptor and neuropeptide all increased significantly (P < 0.05) as feeding rates increased from 2.0 to 5.0% and 6.0% BW/day, but decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the further increase in feeding rates, whereas both leptin and cholecystokinin expressions showed an opposite trend. Based on the broken-line regression analysis of SGR against feeding rates, the optimal feeding rate for juvenile blunt snout bream was estimated to be 4.57% BW/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 69 Xuejiali, Nanquan, Binhu District, Wuxi, 214182, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed Science of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Jiang WD, Hu K, Zhang JX, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wu P, Zhao J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Soyabean glycinin depresses intestinal growth and function in juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var Jian): protective effects of glutamine. Br J Nutr 2015; 114:1569-83. [PMID: 26349522 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515003219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of glycinin on the growth, intestinal oxidative status, tight junction components, cytokines and apoptosis signalling factors of fish. The results showed that an 80 g/kg diet of glycinin exposure for 42 d caused poor growth performance and depressed intestinal growth and function of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Meanwhile, dietary glycinin exposure induced increases in lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation; it caused reductions in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; and it increased MnSOD, CuZnSOD, GPx1b and GPx4a mRNA levels, suggesting an adaptive mechanism against stress in the intestines of fish. However, dietary glycinin exposure decreased both the activity and mRNA levels of nine isoforms of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (α, μ, π, ρ, θ, κ, mGST1, mGST2 and mGST3), indicating toxicity to this enzyme activity and corresponding isoform gene expressions. In addition, glycinin exposure caused partial disruption of intestinal cell-cell tight junction components, disturbances of cytokines and induced apoptosis signalling in the distal intestines>mid intestines>proximal intestines of fish. Glycinin exposure also disturbed the mRNA levels of intestinal-related signalling factors Nrf2, Keap1a, Keap1b, eleven isoforms of protein kinase C and target of rapamycin/4E-BP. Interestingly, glutamine was observed to partially block those negative influences. In conclusion, this study indicates that dietary glycinin exposure causes intestinal oxidative damage and disruption of intestinal physical barriers and functions and reduces fish growth, but glutamine can reverse those negative effects in fish. This study provides some information on the mechanism of glycinin-induced negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Hu
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xiu Zhang
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Jiang
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Wu
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhao
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- 4Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Academy of Animal Science,Chengdu 610066,People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Tang
- 4Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Academy of Animal Science,Chengdu 610066,People's Republic of China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- 4Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Academy of Animal Science,Chengdu 610066,People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- 5Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Feng
- 1Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,People's Republic of China
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22
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Hong Y, Jiang W, Kuang S, Hu K, Tang L, Liu Y, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Feng L. Growth, digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp Ctenopharyngodonidella fed graded levels of dietary threonine. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2015; 6:34. [PMID: 26257911 PMCID: PMC4529687 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-015-0032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study was carried out to investigate effects of threonine levels on growth, digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodonidella). Results Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed efficiency were significantly improved by dietary threonine (P < 0.05). Intestinal activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, alpha-amylase, lipase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase took the similar trends. Contents of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl in intestine and hepatopancreas were significantly decreased by dietary optimal threonine supplementation (P < 0.05). Anti-superoxide anion capacity, anti-hydroxyl radical capacity, glutathione content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase in intestine and hepatopancreas were enhanced by dietary threonine (P < 0.05). Conclusions Dietary threonine could improve growth, enhance digestive and absorptive capacity and antioxidant status in intestine and hepatopancreas of sub-adult grass carp. The dietary threonine requirement of sub-adult grass carp (441.9-1,013.4 g) based on weight gain was 11.6 g/kg diet or 41.5 g/kg of dietary protein by quadratic regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Weidan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Shengyao Kuang
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition Institute, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Kai Hu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Ling Tang
- Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Animal Nutrition Institute, Chengdu, 610066 China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Xiaoqiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China ; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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23
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Li XY, Tang L, Hu K, Liu Y, Jiang WD, Jiang J, Wu P, Chen GF, Li SH, Kuang SY, Feng L, Zhou XQ. Effect of dietary lysine on growth, intestinal enzymes activities and antioxidant status of sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:659-671. [PMID: 24174167 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The dietary lysine requirement of sub-adult grass carp (460 ± 1.5 g) was assessed by feeding diets supplemented with grade levels of lysine (6.6, 8.5, 10.8, 12.9, 15.0 and 16.7 g kg(-1) diet) for 56 days. The test diets (28% CP) contained fish meal, casein and gelatin as sources of intact protein, supplemented with crystalline amino acids. Weight gain (WG), feed intake and feed efficiency were significantly improved with increasing levels of lysine up to 12.9 g kg(-1) diet and thereafter declined (P < 0.05). Quadratic regression analysis of WG at 95% maximum response indicated lysine requirement was 10.9 g kg(-1) diet. Activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, Na(+), K(+)-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase in intestine, creatine kinase activity in proximal and mid-intestine responded similar to WG (P < 0.05). In addition, lipid and protein oxidation decreased with increasing levels of lysine up to certain values and increased thereafter (P < 0.05); the anti-hydroxyl radical capacity, dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and glutathione content were increased with increasing dietary lysine levels up to certain values in the detected tissues, except for hepatopancreatic GST. Requirement estimated on the basis of malondialdehyde content in intestine and hepatopancreas was 10.6 and 9.53 g lysine kg(-1) diet, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Yin Li
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
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Grosell M. Intestinal anion exchange in marine teleosts is involved in osmoregulation and contributes to the oceanic inorganic carbon cycle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 202:421-34. [PMID: 21362153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine teleost fish osmoregulation involves seawater ingestion and intestinal fluid absorption. Solute coupled fluid absorption by the marine teleost fish intestine has long been believed to be the product of Na(+) and Cl(-) absorption via the Na(+) :K(+) :2Cl(-) co-transporter (NKCC2). However, the past decade has revealed that intestinal anion exchange contributes significantly to Cl(-) absorption, in exchange for HCO(3) (-) secretion, and that this process is important for intestinal water absorption. In addition to contributing to solute coupled water absorption intestinal anion exchange results in luminal precipitation of CaCO(3) which acts to reduce luminal osmotic pressure and thus assist water absorption. Most recently, activity of apical H(+) -pumps, especially in distal segments of the intestine have been suggested to not only promote anion exchange, but also to reduce luminal osmotic pressure by preventing excess HCO(3)(-) concentrations from accumulating in intestinal fluids, thereby aiding water absorption. The present review summarizes and synthesizes the most recent advances in our view of marine teleosts osmoregulation, including our emerging understanding of epithelial transport of acid-base equivalents in the intestine, the consequences for whole organism acid-base balance and finally the impact of piscine CaCO(3) formation on the global oceanic carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Grosell
- RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149-1098, USA.
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25
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Proteomic analysis on the alteration of protein expression in gills of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) associated with salinity change. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2010; 5:185-9. [PMID: 20471925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gill is the primary osmoregulatory organ for euryhaline fish to acclimate salinity change. The effect of salinity on gill proteome in ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, was investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS). Eight of eighteen altered proteins were successfully identified. They are involved in osmoregulation, cytoskeleton, energy metabolism, and stress response. Our results showed that vinculin, echinoderm microtubule-associated protein like protein 1, pyruvate kinase, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), transaldolase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were down-regulated, whereas cofilin was up-regulated when ayu transferred from fresh water (FW) to brackish water (BW). Partial cDNA sequences of BHMT, HSP70, Na(+)/K(+) ATPase (NKA) alpha-subunit and 18S rRNA genes were subsequently determined and used for 2-DE data verification by real-time PCR. Gill BHMT and HSP70 mRNAs decreased significantly in BW-transferred ayu, while NKA alpha-subunit mRNA had no significant change. It was suggested that cell volume-regulatory response, especially the protection by the BHMT/betaine system might play an important role in ayu acclimation to salinity change.
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Chen WL, Lin CT, Yao CC, Huang YH, Chou YB, Yin HS, Hu FR. In-Vitro Effects of Dexamethasone on Cellular Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Na+-K+-ATPase Activity of Bovine Corneal Endothelial Cells. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2009; 14:215-23. [PMID: 16911983 DOI: 10.1080/09273940600732380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the in-vitro effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity of bovine corneal endothelial cells. METHODS Bovine corneal endothelial cells were cultured with DEX ranging from 10-10 to 10-3 M. The effect of DEX on the proliferation was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt (MTS) assay. Apoptosis and necrosis were detected by staining with fluorescein-conjugated annexin V and propidium iodide, followed by flow cytometry. The effect of DEX on Na+-K+-ATPase activity was evaluated using non-isotopic methods. RESULTS DEX did not affect cellular proliferation or induce apoptosis/necrosis from 10-10 to 10-5 M. At 10-4 and 10-3 M, DEX significantly decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis and/or necrosis. DEX significantly increased the Na+-K+-ATPase activity from 10-8 to 10-6 M, with the maximal effect at 10-6 M (p < 0.01); this effect was inhibited by RU38486, an antiglucocorticoid molecule. CONCLUSIONS Bovine corneal endothelial cells express glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA and protein. DEX decreases cell proliferation and induces cellular apoptosis and/or necrosis at high concentrations. DEX also increases the Na+-K+-ATPase activity at certain concentrations.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cattle
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Endothelium, Corneal/drug effects
- Endothelium, Corneal/metabolism
- Endothelium, Corneal/pathology
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Mifepristone/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taipei University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jiang IF, Kumar VB, Lee DN, Weng CF. Acute osmotic stress affects Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) innate immune responses. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 25:841-846. [PMID: 18854214 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2008.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Most of the tilapia studies are focused on its osmoregulatory mechanism. Meanwhile, less information is available about its innate immune response on fish faced with hyperosmolality. In the present study, in vivo analyses were carried out to investigate the innate immune response of Oreochromis mossambicus, transferred from freshwater to 25 ppt seawater (SW). In vivo, lysozyme activities of plasma and head kidney (HK) were increased at 1h and at 24h after transfer to SW but decreased at 8h after SW transfer. Surprisingly, the alternative complement pathway in plasma increased 8h after SW transfer. The phagocytic capacity of spleen and HK immune cells increased modestly at 1h and at 4h, after SW transfer, but the respiratory burst activity of immune cells in both HK and spleen shows an increase in superoxide release at 8h after SW transfer. Our results reveal that the transfer of fish from conditions of hypoosmolarity to hyperosmolality significantly enhances plasma lysozyme, ACP activity, and both phagocytic and respiratory burst activity. Taken together, the results indicate that exposure of tilapia to hyperosmotic conditions has immunostimulatory effects on its cellular immune reactions (phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity) and humoral reactions (lysozyme activity and complement activity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Fong Jiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 974, Taiwan
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Lee J, Valkova N, White MP, Kültz D. Proteomic identification of processes and pathways characteristic of osmoregulatory tissues in spiny dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2006; 1:328-43. [PMID: 20483265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2006.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2006] [Revised: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We used dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) as a model for proteome analysis of six different tissues to evaluate tissue-specific protein expression on a global scale and to deduce specific functions and the relatedness of multiple tissues from their proteomes. Proteomes of heart, brain, kidney, intestine, gill, and rectal gland were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE), gel images were matched using Delta 2D software and then evaluated for tissue-specific proteins. Sixty-one proteins (4%) were found to be in only a single type of tissue and 535 proteins (36%) were equally abundant in all six tissues. Relatedness between tissues was assessed based on tissue-specific expression patterns of all 1465 consistently resolved protein spots. This analysis revealed that tissues with osmoregulatory function (kidney, intestine, gill, rectal gland) were more similar in their overall proteomes than non-osmoregulatory tissues (heart, brain). Sixty-one proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry and biological functions characteristic of osmoregulatory tissues were derived from gene ontology and molecular pathway analysis. Our data demonstrate that the molecular machinery for energy and urea metabolism and the Rho-GTPase/cytoskeleton pathway are enriched in osmoregulatory tissues of sharks. Our work provides a strong rationale for further study of the contribution of these mechanisms to the osmoregulation of marine sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinoo Lee
- Physiological Genomics Group, Department of Animal Science, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Lin YM, Chen CN, Yoshinaga T, Tsai SC, Shen ID, Lee TH. Short-term effects of hyposmotic shock on Na+/K+-ATPase expression in gills of the euryhaline milkfish, Chanos chanos. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 143:406-15. [PMID: 16459117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 12/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Changes in expression of gill Na+/K+ -ATPase (NKA) on a short-term (96 h) time-course following hyposmotic shock (direct transfer to fresh water) of the euryhaline, marine milkfish were studied on gene, protein, and cell levels in this paper. Plasma osmolality and [Na+] responded with rapid declines in 3 h post-transfer yet, thereafter, remained constant. Plasma [Cl-] gradually fell to a significantly lower level at 6 h post-transfer. Gills responded to hyposmotic shock by a dual phase enhancement of NKA activity and protein abundance; (a) Before 24 h: NKA activity increased as early as 3 h and reached a maximum level from 6 to 12 h post-transfer coincided with the sustained lower levels of plasma osmolality, [Na+], and [Cl-] since 3 h post-transfer. This was followed by a gradual rise in alpha-subunit protein levels that peaked at 12 h post-transfer. Meanwhile, alpha-mRNA of NKA did no show significant change. (b) After 24 h: NKA activity as well as the amounts of alpha-subunit mRNA and protein increased significantly. Direct freshwater transfer induced a prompt and significant decrease of NKA immunoreactive (NKIR) cell abundance in filaments before 24 h, followed by a significant increase after 24 h due to their development in filaments and lamellae. Increased number of NKIR cells after 24 h of hyposmotic shock may occur in conjunction with rise of NKA activity as well as alpha-subunit mRNA and protein abundance. In conclusion, milkfish is able to avoid an excessive drop in plasma ions immediately upon hyposmotic shock and maintain plasma ions on a marginal lower level in fresh water. Notably, the initial increase in NKA activity (adjustive phase; 3-12 h) and delayed increase in NKA mRNA and protein abundance (regulatory phase; 48-96 h) indicate the importance of a higher level of the gill enzyme in milkfish upon hyposmotic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Sardella BA, Cooper J, Gonzalez RJ, Brauner CJ. The effect of temperature on juvenile Mozambique tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis mossambicus x O. urolepis hornorum) exposed to full-strength and hypersaline seawater. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2004; 137:621-9. [PMID: 15123169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2003.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2003] [Revised: 12/02/2003] [Accepted: 12/07/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of temperature on the salinity tolerance of Mozambique-Wami tilapia hybrids (Oreochromis mossambicus x O. urolepis hornorum) were investigated by transferring 35 g/l, 25 degrees C-acclimated fish to 35, 43, 51 or 60 g/l salinity at 15, 25 or 35 degrees C for 24 h, and by assaying gill tissue for branchial Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity at the three temperatures after acclimating the fish to 15, 25 or 35 degrees C for 2 weeks. Tilapia survived all salinities at 25 and 35 degrees C; however, at 15 degrees C, mortality was 85.7% and 100% in the 51 g/l and 60 g/l groups, respectively. There was a significant interaction between temperature and salinity, as plasma osmolality, [Na(+)] and [Cl(-)] were significantly increased at 51 and 60 g/l salinity in 35 degrees C water (P<0.001). Additionally, muscle water content was significantly reduced at 43 g/l, 15 degrees C relative to pre-transfer values (P<0.001). Branchial Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity was reduced at 15 degrees C regardless of acclimation temperature, and 25 degrees C-acclimated gill tissue did not show an increase in activity when assayed at 35 degrees C. Results indicate that the effects of a combined temperature-salinity transfer on plasma osmolality and ion concentrations, as well as muscle water content, are greater than when either challenge is given alone. Additionally, branchial Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity is altered when assayed at varying temperatures; in the case of 15 degrees C, regardless of acclimation temperature. Our enzyme activity data may indicate the presence of a high temperature isoform of branchial Na(+), K(+)-ATPase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Sardella
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd., Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z4.
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Gong HY, Wu JL, Huang WT, Ji-Fan Lin C, Weng CF. Response to acute changes in salinity of two different muscle type creatine kinase isoforms, from euryhaline teleost (Oreochromis mossambicus) gills. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2004; 1675:184-91. [PMID: 15535982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2004] [Revised: 08/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two CKM isoforms (CKM1 and CKM2) from the gills of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) were obtained after transfer from freshwater (FW) to seawater (SW, 25 ppt). Based on the 5' and 3' RACE, the identity of CKM1 and CKM2 was determined to be 59% in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) and 41.9% in the 3'-UTR. Using Northern blot hybridization with the CKM1 and CKM2 3'-UTR probes, CKM1 and CKM2 were found to be expressed in muscle, heart and gill. The levels of these two different CK isoforms (CKM1 and CKM2) were shown to be different in FW than after acute SW transfer, showing that CKM isoforms respond to changes in salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Gong
- Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Huang CL, Yang CH, Lee TH, Hwang PP. Time-course changes in the expression of Na, K-ATPase and the morphometry of mitochondrion-rich cells in gills of euryhaline tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) during freshwater acclimation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 301:85-96. [PMID: 14695691 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.20007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Changes in expression of Na, K-ATPase (NKA) and morphometry of mitochondrion-rich (MR) cells in gills of tilapia were investigated on a 96-hr time course following transfer from seawater (SW) to fresh water (FW). A transient decline in plasma osmolality and Na+, Cl- concentrations occurred from 3 hrs onward. Gills responded to FW transfer by decreasing NKA activity as early as 3 hrs from transfer. This response was followed by a significant decrease in the NKA isoform alpha1-mRNA abundance, which was detected by real-time PCR at 6 hrs post transfer. Next, a decrease of alpha1-protein amounts were observed from 6 hrs until 24 hrs post transfer. Additionally, during the time course of FW transfer, modifications in number and size of subtypes of gill MR cells were observed although no significant difference was found in densities of all subtypes of MR cells. These modifications were found as early as 3 hrs, evident at 6 hrs (exhibition of 3 subtypes of MR cells), and mostly completed by 24 hrs post transfer. Such rapid responses (in 3 hrs) as concurrent changes in branchial NKA expression and modifications of MR cell subtypes are thought to improve the osmoregulatory capacity of tilapia in acclimation from hypertonic SW to hypotonic FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Tipsmark CK, Madsen SS, Borski RJ. Effect of salinity on expression of branchial ion transporters in striped bass (Morone saxatilis). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 301:979-91. [PMID: 15562450 DOI: 10.1002/jez.a.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The time course of osmoregulatory adjustments and expressional changes of three key ion transporters in the gill were investigated in the striped bass during salinity acclimations. In three experiments, fish were transferred from fresh water (FW) to seawater (SW), from SW to FW, and from 15-ppt brackish water (BW) to either FW or SW, respectively. Each transfer induced minor deflections in serum [Na+] and muscle water content, both being corrected rapidly (24 hr). Transfer from FW to SW increased gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity and Na+,K+,2Cl- co-transporter expression after 3 days. Abundance of Na+,K+-ATPase alpha-subunit mRNA and protein was unchanged. Changes in Na+,K+,2Cl- co-transporter protein were preceded by increased mRNA expression after 24 hr. Expression of V-type H+-ATPase mRNA decreased after 3 days. Transfer from SW to FW induced no change in expression of gill Na+,K+-ATPase. However, Na+,K+,2Cl- co-transporter mRNA and protein levels decreased after 24 hr and 7 days, respectively. Expression of H+-ATPase mRNA increased in response to FW after 7 days. In BW fish transferred to FW and SW, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity was stimulated by both challenges, suggesting both a hyper- and a hypo-osmoregulatory response of the enzyme. Acclimation of striped bass to SW occurs on a rapid time scale. This seems partly to rely on the relative high abundance of gill Na+,K+-ATPase and Na+,K+,2Cl- co-transporter in FW fish. In a separate study, we found a smaller response to SW in expression of these ion transport proteins in striped bass when compared with the less euryhaline brown trout. In both FW and SW, NEM-sensitive gill H+-ATPase activity was negligible in striped bass and approximately 10-fold higher in brown trout. This suggests that in striped bass Na+-uptake in FW may rely more on a relatively high abundance/activity of Na+,K+-ATPase compared to trout, where H+-ATPase is critical for establishing a thermodynamically favorable gradient for Na+-uptake.
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Lin LY, Chiang CC, Gong HY, Cheng CY, Hwang PP, Weng CF. Cellular distributions of creatine kinase in branchia of euryhaline tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2003; 284:C233-41. [PMID: 12388091 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00087.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although euryhaline teleosts can adapt to environmental fluctuation of salinity, their energy source for responding to changes in salinity and osmolarity remains unclear. This study examines the cellular localization of creatine kinase (CK) expression in branchia of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Western blot analysis of muscle-type CK (MM form) revealed a high association with salinity changes, but BB and MB forms of CK in the gills of fish adapted to seawater did not change. With the use of immunocytochemistry, three CK isoforms (MM, MB, and BB) were localized in mitochondria-rich (MR) cells and other epithelial cells of tilapia gills. In addition, staining intensity of MM-form CK in MR cells increased after seawater transfer, whereas BB and MB forms did not significantly change. To our knowledge, this work presents the first evidence of CK expression in MR cells of tilapia gills, highlighting the potential role of CK in providing energy for ion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yih Lin
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 100
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