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Chang C, Lee JE, Waters KM, Larson BK. GI Polyps and Polyposis in Individuals Harboring Germline CHEK2 Mutations. Dis Colon Rectum 2024; 67:1291-1303. [PMID: 38959470 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000003365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Checkpoint kinase 2 is a tumor suppressor gene in the DNA damage checkpoint system that may be mutated in several cancers. Patients with germline checkpoint kinase 2 mutations and multiple colon polyps were noted during routine care, and genetic testing is recommended for patients with as few as 10 lifetime polyps. OBJECTIVE This study assessed whether checkpoint kinase 2 is associated with attenuated or oligopolyposis and characterized the GI clinicopathologic profile. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTINGS Records from patients harboring germline checkpoint kinase 2 mutations from 1999 to 2020 were reviewed. PATIENTS A total of 45 patients with germline checkpoint kinase 2 mutations with endoscopic examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Description of clinicopathologic variables. RESULTS Twenty-five of 45 patients had polyps: 3 with only upper GI polyps, 17 with only lower GI polyps, and 5 with both upper and lower GI polyps. The most common germline checkpoint kinase 2 mutations in patients with polyps were p.S428F (n = 10), p.I157T (n = 4), and p.T476M (n = 2), with other mutations present in 1 patient each. Among patients with lower GI polyps, 9 had adenomas, 6 had serrated polyps, 1 had an inflammatory polyp, and 6 had both adenomatous and serrated polyps. Three patients (p.I157T, n = 2; p.R117G, n = 1) had more than 10 adenomas and 1 (p.G259fs) had 18 serrated polyps. Five patients (11.1%) developed colorectal adenocarcinoma, including 2 with more than 10 adenomas. Five patients with p.S428F (50%) exclusively had right-sided adenomas. LIMITATIONS Single-center descriptive study. CONCLUSIONS Germline checkpoint kinase 2 mutations should be considered in patients with polyposis. The preponderance of right-sided adenomas in patients with p.S428F mutations suggests the importance of right-sided colonoscopy in these patients. See Video Abstract . PLIPOS Y POLIPOSIS GASTROINTESTINALES EN INDIVIDUOS QUE ALBERGAN MUTACIONES EN LA LNEA GERMINAL DEL GEN CHEK ANTECEDENTES:El punto de control quinasa 2 (CHEK2) es un gen supresor de tumores en el sistema de puntos de control de daño del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) que puede mutar en varios cánceres. Durante la atención de rutina se observaron pacientes con mutaciones de la línea germinal CHEK2 y múltiples pólipos en el colon, y se recomiendan pruebas genéticas para pacientes con al menos 10 pólipos en su vida.OBJETIVO:Este estudio evaluó si CHEK2 está asociado con poliposis atenuada u oligopoliposis y caracterizó el perfil clínico-patológico gastrointestinal (GI).DISEÑO:Estudio observacional retrospectivo.ESCENARIO:Se revisaron los registros de pacientes que albergaban mutaciones de la línea germinal CHEK2 de 1999 a 2020.PACIENTES:45 pacientes con mutaciones de la línea germinal CHEK2 con exámenes endoscópicos.PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO:Descripción de variables clínico-patológicas.RESULTADOS:25 de 45 pacientes tenían pólipos: 3 sólo con pólipos GI superiores, 17 sólo con pólipos GI inferiores y 5 con pólipos GI superiores e inferiores. Las mutaciones de la línea germinal CHEK2 más comunes en pacientes con pólipos fueron p.S428F (n = 10), p.I157T (n = 4) y p.T476M (n = 2), con otras mutaciones presentes en 1 paciente cada una. Entre los pacientes con pólipos gastrointestinales inferiores, 9 tenían adenomas, 6 tenían pólipos serrados, 1 tenía un pólipo inflamatorio y 6 tenían pólipos tanto adenomatosos como serrados. Tres pacientes (p.I157T, n=2; p.R117G, n = 1) tenían >10 adenomas y 1 (p.G259fs) tenía 18 pólipos serrados. Cinco pacientes (11,1%) desarrollaron adenocarcinoma colorrectal, incluidos 2 con >10 adenomas. Cinco pacientes con p.S428F (50%) tenían exclusivamente adenomas del lado derecho.LIMITACIONES:Estudio descriptivo unicéntrico.CONCLUSIONES:Las mutaciones de la línea germinal CHEK2 deben considerarse en pacientes con poliposis. La preponderancia de adenomas del lado derecho en pacientes con mutaciones p.S428F sugiere la importancia de la colonoscopia del lado derecho en estos pacientes. (Traducción-Dr. Felipe Bellolio ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Corey Chang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, Greenvale, New York
| | - John E Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kevin M Waters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brent K Larson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Pires C, Marques IJ, Saramago A, Moura MM, Pojo M, Cabrera R, Santos C, Rosário F, Lousa D, Vicente JB, Bandeiras TM, Teixeira MR, Leite V, Cavaco BM. Identification of novel candidate predisposing genes in familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma implicating DNA damage repair pathways. Int J Cancer 2024. [PMID: 39251783 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.35159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The genetic basis of nonsyndromic familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) is still poorly understood, as the susceptibility genes identified so far only account for a small percentage of the genetic burden. Recently, germline mutations in DNA repair-related genes have been reported in cases with thyroid cancer. In order to clarify the genetic basis of FNMTC, 94 genes involved in hereditary cancer predisposition, including DNA repair genes, were analyzed in 48 probands from FNMTC families, through targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). Genetic variants were selected upon bioinformatics analysis and in silico studies. Structural modeling and network analysis were also performed. In silico results of NGS data unveiled likely pathogenic germline variants in 15 families with FNMTC, in genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair (ATM, CHEK2, ERCC2, BRCA2, ERCC4, FANCA, FANCD2, FANCF, and PALB2) and in the DICER1, FLCN, PTCH1, BUB1B, and RHBDF2 genes. Structural modeling predicted that most missense variants resulted in the disruption of networks of interactions between residues, with implications for local secondary and tertiary structure elements. Functional annotation and network analyses showed that the involved DNA repair proteins functionally interact with each other, within the same DNA repair pathway and across different pathways. MAPK activation was a common event in tumor progression. This study supports that rare germline variants in DNA repair genes may be accountable for FNMTC susceptibility, with potential future utility in patients' clinical management, and reinforces the relevance of DICER1 in disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês J Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Saramago
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida M Moura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santos
- Serviço de Genética, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Diana Lousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago M Bandeiras
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Serviço de Genética, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Branca M Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
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Schreurs MAC, Schmidt MK, Hollestelle A, Schaapveld M, van Asperen CJ, Ausems MGEM, van de Beek I, Broekema MF, Margriet Collée J, van der Hout AH, van Kaam KJAF, Komdeur FL, Mensenkamp AR, Adank MA, Hooning MJ. Cancer risks for other sites in addition to breast in CHEK2 c.1100delC families. Genet Med 2024; 26:101171. [PMID: 38828701 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Female CHEK2 c.1100delC heterozygotes are eligible for additional breast surveillance because of an increased breast cancer risk. Increased risks for other cancers have been reported. We studied whether CHEK2 c.1100delC is associated with an increased risk for other cancers within these families. METHODS Including 10,780 individuals from 609 families, we calculated standardized incidence rates (SIRs) and absolute excess risk (AER, per 10,000 person-years) by comparing first-reported cancer derived from the pedigrees with general Dutch population rates from 1970 onward. Attained-age analyses were performed for sites in which significant increased risks were found. Considering the study design, we primarily focused on cancer risk in women. RESULTS We found significant increased risks of colorectal cancer (CRC; SIR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.14-1.76; AER = 1.43) and hematological cancers (SIR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.02-1.67; AER = 0.87). CRC was significantly more frequent from age 45 onward. CONCLUSION A significantly increased risk of CRC, and hematological cancers in women was found, starting at a younger age than expected. Currently, colorectal surveillance starts at age 45 in high-risk individuals. Our results suggest that some CHEK2 c.1100delC families might benefit from this surveillance as well; however, further research is needed to determine who may profit from this additional colorectal surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje A C Schreurs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Michael Schaapveld
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christi J van Asperen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet G E M Ausems
- Division of Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Irma van de Beek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjoleine F Broekema
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke H van der Hout
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kim J A F van Kaam
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fenne L Komdeur
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Muriel A Adank
- Department of Clinical Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mukhtar TK, Wilcox N, Dennis J, Yang X, Naven M, Mavaddat N, Perry JRB, Gardner E, Easton DF. Protein-truncating and rare missense variants in ATM and CHEK2 and associations with cancer in UK Biobank whole-exome sequence data. J Med Genet 2024:jmg-2024-110127. [PMID: 39209703 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deleterious germline variants in ATM and CHEK2 have been associated with a moderately increased risk of breast cancer. Risks for other cancers remain unclear. METHODS Cancer associations for coding variants in ATM and CHEK2 were evaluated using whole-exome sequence data from UK Biobank linked to cancer registration data (348 488 participants), and analysed both as a retrospective case-control and a prospective cohort study. Odds ratios, hazard ratios, and combined relative risks (RRs) were estimated by cancer type and gene. Separate analyses were performed for protein-truncating variants (PTVs) and rare missense variants (rMSVs; allele frequency <0.1%). RESULTS PTVs in ATM were associated with increased risks of nine cancers at p<0.001 (pancreas, oesophagus, lung, melanoma, breast, ovary, prostate, bladder, lymphoid leukaemia (LL)), and three at p<0.05 (colon, diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (DNHL), rectosigmoid junction). Carriers of rMSVs had increased risks of four cancers (p<0.05: stomach, pancreas, prostate, Hodgkin's disease (HD)). RRs were highest for breast, prostate, and any cancer where rMSVs lay in the FAT or PIK domains, and had a Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion score in the highest quintile.PTVs in CHEK2 were associated with three cancers at p<0.001 (breast, prostate, HD) and six at p<0.05 (oesophagus, melanoma, ovary, kidney, DNHL, myeloid leukaemia). Carriers of rMSVs had increased risks of five cancers (p<0.001: breast, prostate, LL; p<0.05: melanoma, multiple myeloma). CONCLUSION PTVs in ATM and CHEK2 are associated with a wide range of cancers, with the highest RR for pancreatic cancer in ATM PTV carriers. These findings can inform genetic counselling of carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toqir K Mukhtar
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Naomi Wilcox
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marc Naven
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nasim Mavaddat
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eugene Gardner
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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McCarthy-Leo C, Baughan S, Dlugas H, Abraham P, Gibbons J, Baldwin C, Chung S, Feldman GL, Dyson G, Finley RL, Tainsky MA. Germline variant profiling of CHEK2 sequencing variants in breast cancer patients. Cancer Genet 2024; 288-289:10-19. [PMID: 39208550 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2024.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) is a tumor suppressor gene coding for a protein kinase with a role in the cell cycle and DNA repair pathways. Variants within CHEK2 are associated with an increased risk of developing breast, colorectal, prostate and several other types of cancer. Comprehensive genetic risk assessment leads to early detection of hereditary cancer and provides an opportunity for better survival. Multigene panel screening can identify the presence of pathogenic variants in hereditary cancer predisposition genes (HCPG), including CHEK2. Multigene panels, however, also result in large quantities of genetic data some of which cannot be interpreted and are classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUS). A VUS provides no information for use in medical management and leads to ambiguity in genetic counseling. In the absence of variant segregation data, in vitro functional analyses can be used to clarify variant annotations, aiding in accurate clinical management of patient risk and treatment plans. In this study, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) to investigate the prevalence of germline variants in 210 breast cancer (BC) patients and conspicuously among the many variants in HCPGs that we found, we identified 16 individuals with non-synonymous or frameshift CHEK2 variants, sometimes along with additional variants within other BC susceptibility genes. Using this data, we investigated the prevalence of these CHEK2 variants in African American (AA) and Caucasian (CA) populations identifying the presence of two novel frameshift variants, c.1350delA (p.Val451Serfs*18) and c.1528delC (p.Gln510Argfs*3) and a novel missense variant, c262C>T (p.Pro88Ser). Along with the current clinical classifications, we assembled available experimental data and computational predictions of function for these CHEK2 variants, as well as explored the role these variants may play in polygenic risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire McCarthy-Leo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Scott Baughan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Hunter Dlugas
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Prisca Abraham
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Janice Gibbons
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Carolyn Baldwin
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Sarah Chung
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Gerald L Feldman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Gregory Dyson
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Russell L Finley
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael A Tainsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States; Department of Oncology, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.
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Szuman M, Kaczmarek-Ryś M, Hryhorowicz S, Kryszczyńska A, Grot N, Pławski A. Low-Penetrance Susceptibility Variants in Colorectal Cancer-Current Outlook in the Field. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8338. [PMID: 39125905 PMCID: PMC11313073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent and mortality-causing neoplasia, with various distributions between populations. Strong hereditary predispositions are the causatives of a small percentage of CRC, and most cases have no transparent genetic background. This is a vast arena for exploring cancer low-susceptibility genetic variants. Nonetheless, the research that has been conducted to date has failed to deliver consistent conclusions and often features conflicting messages, causing chaos in this field. Therefore, we decided to organize the existing knowledge on this topic. We screened the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. We drew up markers by gene locus gathered by hallmark: oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in DNA damage repair, genes involved in metabolic pathways, genes involved in methylation, genes that modify the colonic microenvironment, and genes involved in the immune response. Low-penetration genetic variants increasing the risk of cancer are often population-specific, hence the urgent need for large-scale testing. Such endeavors can be successful only when financial decision-makers are united with social educators, medical specialists, genetic consultants, and the scientific community. Countries' policies should prioritize research on this subject regardless of cost because it is the best investment. In this review, we listed potential low-penetrance CRC susceptibility alleles whose role remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szuman
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Marta Kaczmarek-Ryś
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
- University Clinical Hospital, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Alicja Kryszczyńska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Natalia Grot
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
| | - Andrzej Pławski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (M.K.-R.); (S.H.); (A.K.); (N.G.)
- Department of General and Endocrine Surgery and Gastroenterological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
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Garmendia D, Weidner A, Venton L, Pal T. Comparing Cancer Risk Management between Females with Truncating CHEK2 1100delC versus Missense CHEK2 I157T Variants. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:881. [PMID: 39062660 PMCID: PMC11276105 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) risks imparted by CHEK2 c.1100delC ("1100delC") germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant (GPV) are 20-30%, compared to CHEK2 c.470T>C ("I157T") GPV with <20%, leading to different breast screening recommendations through MRI. We compared cancer risk management (CRM) across these two GPVs. Study participants were adult females with an 1100delC or I157T GPV drawn from the Inherited Cancer Registry (ICARE) across the United States. Cancer history, clinical characteristics, and CRM were compared using chi-squared tests, t-tests, and logistic regression. Of 150 CHEK2 carriers, 40.7% had BC, with a mean age of 50. Comparing 1100delC and I157T GPVs, there were no differences in rates of (1) breast MRI among those with (65.2% versus 55.6% of 23 and 9; p = 0.612) and without (44.0% versus 44.8% of 50 and 29; p = 0.943) BC; (2) risk-reducing mastectomy among those with (50% versus 38.9% of 46 and 15; p = 0.501) and without (13.8% versus 6.5% of 58 and 31; p = 0.296) BC; and (3) risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy among those with (24.2% versus 22.2% of 45 and 18; p = 0.852) and without (17.5% versus 16.7% of 57 and 30; p = 0.918) BC. The results suggest over-screening with breast MRI among CHEK2 I157T GPV carriers and possible overuse of risk-reducing surgeries among CHEK2 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Garmendia
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Ave. So., Suite 2810, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (D.G.); (A.W.); (L.V.)
| | - Anne Weidner
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Ave. So., Suite 2810, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (D.G.); (A.W.); (L.V.)
| | - Lindsay Venton
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Ave. So., Suite 2810, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (D.G.); (A.W.); (L.V.)
| | - Tuya Pal
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1500 21st Ave. So., Suite 2810, Nashville, TN 37212, USA; (D.G.); (A.W.); (L.V.)
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Zemankova P, Cerna M, Horackova K, Ernst C, Soukupova J, Borecka M, Blümcke B, Cerna L, Cerna M, Curtisova V, Dolezalova T, Duskova P, Dvorakova L, Foretova L, Havranek O, Hauke J, Hahnen E, Hodulova M, Hovhannisyan M, Hruskova L, Janatova M, Janikova M, Jelinkova S, Just P, Kosarova M, Koudova M, Krutilkova V, Machackova E, Matejkova K, Michalovska R, Misove A, Nehasil P, Nemcova B, Novotny J, Panczak A, Pesek P, Scheinost O, Springer D, Stastna B, Stranecky V, Subrt I, Tavandzis S, Tureckova E, Vesela K, Vlckova Z, Vocka M, Wappenschmidt B, Zima T, Kleibl Z, Kleiblova P. A deep intronic recurrent CHEK2 variant c.1009-118_1009-87delinsC affects pre-mRNA splicing and contributes to hereditary breast cancer predisposition. Breast 2024; 75:103721. [PMID: 38554551 PMCID: PMC10998186 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2024.103721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Germline CHEK2 pathogenic variants confer an increased risk of female breast cancer (FBC). Here we describe a recurrent germline intronic variant c.1009-118_1009-87delinsC, which showed a splice acceptor shift in RNA analysis, introducing a premature stop codon (p.Tyr337PhefsTer37). The variant was found in 21/10,204 (0.21%) Czech FBC patients compared to 1/3250 (0.03%) controls (p = 0.04) and in 4/3639 (0.11%) FBC patients from an independent German dataset. In addition, we found this variant in 5/2966 (0.17%) Czech (but none of the 443 German) ovarian cancer patients, three of whom developed early-onset tumors. Based on these observations, we classified this variant as likely pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zemankova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Cerna
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Horackova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Corinna Ernst
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marianna Borecka
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Britta Blümcke
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Monika Cerna
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclava Curtisova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tatana Dolezalova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Duskova
- Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Dvorakova
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Havranek
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hauke
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Milena Hovhannisyan
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Janikova
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Sandra Jelinkova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Just
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Vera Krutilkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, AGEL Laboratories, AGEL Research and Training Institute, Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Machackova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Matejkova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Adela Misove
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nehasil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Nemcova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Novotny
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Panczak
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pesek
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Drahomira Springer
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Stastna
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Stranecky
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Subrt
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Pilsen, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Spiros Tavandzis
- Department of Medical Genetics, AGEL Laboratories, AGEL Research and Training Institute, Novy Jicin, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tureckova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Vesela
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Michal Vocka
- Department of Oncology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Wappenschmidt
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University of Cologne and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tomas Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Yedla P, Bhamidipati P, Syed R, Amanchy R. Working title: Molecular involvement of p53-MDM2 interactome in gastrointestinal cancers. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4075. [PMID: 38924101 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between murine double minute 2 (MDM2) and p53, marked by transcriptional induction and feedback inhibition, orchestrates a functional loop dictating cellular fate. The functional loop comprising p53-MDM2 axis is made up of an interactome consisting of approximately 81 proteins, which are spatio-temporally regulated and involved in DNA repair mechanisms. Biochemical and genetic alterations of the interactome result in dysregulation of the p53-mdm2 axis that leads to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. A large subset of interactome is well known and it consists of proteins that either stabilize p53 or MDM2 and proteins that target the p53-MDM2 complex for ubiquitin-mediated destruction. Upstream signaling events brought about by growth factors and chemical messengers invoke a wide variety of posttranslational modifications in p53-MDM2 axis. Biochemical changes in the transactivation domain of p53 impact the energy landscape, induce conformational switching, alter interaction potential and could change solubility of p53 to redefine its co-localization, translocation and activity. A diverse set of chemical compounds mimic physiological effectors and simulate biochemical modifications of the p53-MDM2 interactome. p53-MDM2 interactome plays a crucial role in DNA damage and repair process. Genetic aberrations in the interactome, have resulted in cancers of GI tract (pancreas, liver, colorectal, gastric, biliary, and esophageal). We present in this article a review of the overall changes in the p53-MDM2 interactors and the effectors that form an epicenter for the development of next-generation molecules for understanding and targeting GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornachandra Yedla
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Institute of Translational Research, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pranav Bhamidipati
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Riyaz Syed
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramars Amanchy
- Division of Applied Biology, CSIR-IICT (Indian Institute of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Science and Technology (GOI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Wang J, Fu K, Zhang M, Liang L, Ni M, Sun HX, Yin R, Tang M. Mutation characteristics of cancer susceptibility genes in Chinese ovarian cancer patients. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1395818. [PMID: 38817903 PMCID: PMC11137316 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The association between mutations in susceptibility genes and the occurrence of ovarian cancer has been extensively studied. Previous research has primarily concentrated on genes involved in the homologous recombination repair pathway, particularly BRCA1 and BRCA2. However, a wider range of genes related to the DNA damage response pathways has not been fully explored. Methods To investigate the mutation characteristics of cancer susceptibility genes in the Chinese ovarian cancer population and the associations between gene mutations and clinical data, this study initially gathered a total of 1171 Chinese ovarian cancer samples and compiled a dataset of germline mutations in 171 genes. Results In this study, it was determined that MC1R and PRKDC were high-frequency ovarian cancer susceptibility genes in the Chinese population, exhibiting notable distinctions from those in European and American populations; moreover high-frequency mutation genes, such as MC1R: c.359T>C and PRKDC: c.10681T>A, typically had high-frequency mutation sites. Furthermore, we identified c.8187G>T as a characteristic mutation of BRCA2 in the Chinese population, and the CHEK2 mutation was significantly associated with the early onset of ovarian cancer, while the CDH1 and FAM175A mutations were more prevalent in Northeast China. Additionally, Fanconi anemia pathway-related genes were significantly associated with ovarian carcinogenesis. Conclusion In summary, this research provided fundamental data support for the optimization of ovarian cancer gene screening policies and the determination of treatment, and contributed to the precise intervention and management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiyu Fu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengpei Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Meng Ni
- BGI Genomics, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Rutie Yin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Birth Defects, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Ubilla R, Zeppelin M, Martin F. Multilocus inherited neoplasia allele syndrome: report of uncommon combinations between CHEK2/ATM and BRCA1/CDKN2A genes. Ecancermedicalscience 2024; 18:1701. [PMID: 39021548 PMCID: PMC11254408 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2024.1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Multilocus inherited neoplasia allelic syndrome (MINAS) is a recently coined term that describes the coexistence of two or more pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs) in a single individual. Case presentation This article presents two cases of MINAS due to rare CSG combinations. The first was a 37-year-old woman carrying PVs in the mutated ataxia telangiectasia (ATM) and CHEK2 genes, with HER-2 positive unilateral breast cancer at 29. The second was a 53-year-old woman carrying PVs in the BRCA1 and CDKN2A genes, who presented with triple-negative breast cancer at 51. We describe their family history and treatment, where the lack of evidence for personalised management becomes evident. Conclusion Predicting the phenotypic effect of harbouring two variants in CSG is challenging. It is essential to encourage the notification of other cases and carry out functional studies to establish specific risks for affected individuals to develop personalised follow-up guidelines to reduce the associated morbimortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ubilla
- Departamento de Genética, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Santiago 7500539, Chile
| | - Michelle Zeppelin
- Unidad Genética, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile
| | - Fernanda Martin
- Unidad Asesoramiento Genético Oncológico, Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago 7500691, Chile
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12
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Hinić S, Cybulski C, Van der Post RS, Vos JR, Schuurs-Hoeijmakers J, Brugnoletti F, Koene S, Vreede L, van Zelst-Stams WAG, Kets CM, Haadsma M, Spruijt L, Wevers MR, Evans DG, Wimmer K, Schnaiter S, Volk AE, Möllring A, de Putter R, Soikkonen L, Kahre T, Tooming M, de Jong MM, Vaz F, Mensenkamp AR, Genuardi M, Lubinski J, Ligtenberg M, Hoogerbrugge N, de Voer RM. The heterogeneous cancer phenotype of individuals with biallelic germline pathogenic variants in CHEK2. Genet Med 2024; 26:101101. [PMID: 38362852 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Females with biallelic CHEK2 germline pathogenic variants (gPVs) more often develop multiple breast cancers than individuals with monoallelic CHEK2 gPVs. This study is aimed at expanding the knowledge on the occurrence of other malignancies. METHODS Exome sequencing of individuals who developed multiple primary malignancies identified 3 individuals with the CHEK2 (NM_007194.4) c.1100del p.(Thr367MetfsTer15) loss-of-function gPV in a biallelic state. We collected the phenotypes of an additional cohort of individuals with CHEK2 biallelic gPVs (n = 291). RESULTS In total, 157 individuals (53.4%; 157/294 individuals) developed ≥1 (pre)malignancy. The most common (pre)malignancies next to breast cancer were colorectal- (n = 19), thyroid- (n = 19), and prostate (pre)malignancies (n = 12). Females with biallelic CHEK2 loss-of-function gPVs more frequently developed ≥2 (pre)malignancies and at an earlier age compared with females biallelic for the CHEK2 c.470T>C p.(Ile157Thr) missense variant. Furthermore, 26 males (31%; 26/84 males) with CHEK2 biallelic gPVs developed ≥1 (pre)malignancies of 15 origins. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that CHEK2 biallelic gPVs likely increase the susceptibility to develop multiple malignancies in various tissues, both in females and males. However, it is possible that a substantial proportion of individuals with CHEK2 biallelic gPVs is missed as diagnostic testing for CHEK2 often is limited to individuals who developed breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snežana Hinić
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel S Van der Post
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Pathology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janet R Vos
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke Schuurs-Hoeijmakers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvia Brugnoletti
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Saskia Koene
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lilian Vreede
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy A G van Zelst-Stams
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - C Marleen Kets
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Haadsma
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Spruijt
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marijke R Wevers
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - D Gareth Evans
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; The University of Manchester, Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Wimmer
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simon Schnaiter
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander E Volk
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Möllring
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin de Putter
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leila Soikkonen
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Oulu University Hospital, Department of Clinical Genetics, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiina Kahre
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Department of Laboratory Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Tooming
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Department of Laboratory Genetics, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mirjam M de Jong
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fátima Vaz
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Instituto Português Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Arjen R Mensenkamp
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maurizio Genuardi
- European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Genomic Medicine, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Medical Genetics Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn Ligtenberg
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Pathology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoline Hoogerbrugge
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Richarda M de Voer
- Radboud University Medical Center, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; European Reference Network for Genetic Tumour Risk Syndromes (ERN GENTURIS), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Brock P, Liynarachchi S, Nieminen TT, Chan C, Kohlmann W, Stout LA, Yao S, La Greca A, Jensen KE, Kolesar JM, Salhia B, Gulhati P, Hicks JK, Ringel MD. CHEK2 Founder Variants and Thyroid Cancer Risk. Thyroid 2024; 34:477-483. [PMID: 38279823 PMCID: PMC10998703 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Background: Germline pathogenic variants in CHEK2 are associated with a moderate increase in the lifetime risk for breast cancer. Increased risk for other cancers, including non-medullary thyroid cancer (NMTC), has also been suggested. To date, data implicating CHEK2 variants in NMTC predisposition primarily derive from studies within Poland, driven by a splice site variant (c.444 + 1G>A) that is uncommon in other populations. In contrast, the predominant CHEK2 variants in non-Polish populations are c.1100del and c.470T>C/p.I157T, representing 61.1% and 63.8%, respectively, of all CHEK2 pathogenic variants in two large U.S.-based commercial laboratory datasets. To further delineate the impact of common CHEK2 variants on thyroid cancer, we aimed to investigate the association of three CHEK2 founder variants (c.444 + 1G>A, c.1100del, and c.470T>C/p.Ile157Thr) on NMTC susceptibility in three groups of unselected NMTC patients. Methods: The presence of three CHEK2 founder variants was assessed within three groups: (1) 1544 NMTC patients (and 1593 controls) from previously published genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses, (2) 789 NMTC patients with germline exome sequencing (Oncology Research Information Exchange Network [ORIEN] Avatar), and (3) 499 NMTC patients with germline sequence data available in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). A case-control study design was utilized with odds ratios (ORs) calculated by comparison of all three groups with the Ohio State University GWAS control group. Results: The predominant Polish variant (c.444 + 1G>A) was present in only one case. The proportion of patients with c.1100del was 0.92% in the GWAS group, 1.65% in the ORIEN Avatar group, and 0.80% in the TCGA group. The ORs (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for NMTC associated with c.1100del were 1.71 (0.73-4.29), 2.64 (0.95-7.63), and 2.5 (0.63-8.46), respectively. The proportion of patients with c.470T>C/p.I157T was 0.91% in the GWAS group, 0.76% in the ORIEN Avatar group, and 0.80% in the TCGA group, respectively. The ORs (with CIs) for NMTC associated with c.470T>C/p.I157T were 1.75 (0.74-4.39), 1.52 (0.42-4.96), and 2.31 (0.58-7.90), respectively. Conclusions: Our analyses of unselected patients with NMTC suggest that CHEK2 variants c.1100del and c.470T>C/p.I157T have only a modest impact on thyroid cancer risk. These results provide important information for providers regarding the relatively low magnitude of thyroid cancer risk associated with these CHEK2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Brock
- Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sandya Liynarachchi
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Taina T. Nieminen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlos Chan
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Wendy Kohlmann
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Leigh Anne Stout
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Song Yao
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Amanda La Greca
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk E. Jensen
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill M. Kolesar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pat Gulhati
- Department of Medical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - J. Kevin Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Matthew D. Ringel
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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14
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Black EM, Ramírez Parrado CA, Trier I, Li W, Joo YK, Pichurin J, Liu Y, Kabeche L. Chk2 sustains PLK1 activity in mitosis to ensure proper chromosome segregation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584115. [PMID: 38559033 PMCID: PMC10979866 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) protects against genome instability by ensuring timely and accurate mitotic cell division. PLK1 activity is tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle. Although the pathways that initially activate PLK1 in G2 are well-characterized, the factors that directly regulate PLK1 in mitosis remain poorly understood. Here, we identify that human PLK1 activity is sustained by the DNA damage response kinase Checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) in mitosis. Chk2 directly phosphorylates PLK1 T210, a residue on its T-loop whose phosphorylation is essential for full PLK1 kinase activity. Loss of Chk2-dependent PLK1 activity causes increased mitotic errors, including chromosome misalignment, chromosome missegregation, and cytokinetic defects. Moreover, Chk2 deficiency increases sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors, suggesting that Chk2 status may be an informative biomarker for PLK1 inhibitor efficacy. This work demonstrates that Chk2 sustains mitotic PLK1 activity and protects genome stability through discrete functions in interphase DNA damage repair and mitotic chromosome segregation.
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15
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Pires C, Marques IJ, Valério M, Saramago A, Santo PE, Santos S, Silva M, Moura MM, Matos J, Pereira T, Cabrera R, Lousa D, Leite V, Bandeiras TM, Vicente JB, Cavaco BM. CHEK2 germline variants identified in familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer lead to impaired protein structure and function. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105767. [PMID: 38367672 PMCID: PMC10956065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximately 5 to 15% of nonmedullary thyroid cancers (NMTC) present in a familial form (familial nonmedullary thyroid cancers [FNMTC]). The genetic basis of FNMTC remains largely unknown, representing a limitation for diagnostic and clinical management. Recently, germline mutations in DNA repair-related genes have been described in cases with thyroid cancer (TC), suggesting a role in FNMTC etiology. Here, two FNMTC families were studied, each with two members affected with TC. Ninety-four hereditary cancer predisposition genes were analyzed through next-generation sequencing, revealing two germline CHEK2 missense variants (c.962A > C, p.E321A and c.470T > C, p.I157T), which segregated with TC in each FNMTC family. p.E321A, located in the CHK2 protein kinase domain, is a rare variant, previously unreported in the literature. Conversely, p.I157T, located in CHK2 forkhead-associated domain, has been extensively described, having conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity. CHK2 proteins (WT and variants) were characterized using biophysical methods, molecular dynamics simulations, and immunohistochemistry. Overall, biophysical characterization of these CHK2 variants showed that they have compromised structural and conformational stability and impaired kinase activity, compared to the WT protein. CHK2 appears to aggregate into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro, which opens future perspectives toward positioning CHK2 in cancer pathophysiology. CHK2 variants exhibited higher propensity for this conformational change, also displaying higher expression in thyroid tumors. The present findings support the utility of complementary biophysical and in silico approaches toward understanding the impact of genetic variants in protein structure and function, improving the current knowledge on CHEK2 variants' role in FNMTC genetic basis, with prospective clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês J Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Valério
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Saramago
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo E Santo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sandra Santos
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Margarida M Moura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Matos
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pereira
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Lousa
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal; Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - João B Vicente
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Branca M Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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Alonso N, Menao S, Lastra R, Arruebo M, Bueso MP, Pérez E, Murillo ML, Álvarez M, Alonso A, Rebollar S, Cruellas M, Arribas D, Ramos M, Isla D, Galano-Frutos JJ, García-Cebollada H, Sancho J, Andrés R. Association between missense variants of uncertain significance in the CHEK2 gene and hereditary breast cancer: a cosegregation and bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2024; 14:1274108. [PMID: 38476463 PMCID: PMC10927753 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1274108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Inherited mutations in the CHEK2 gene have been associated with an increased lifetime risk of developing breast cancer (BC). We aim to identify in the study population the prevalence of mutations in the CHEK2 gene in diagnosed BC patients, evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of the tumor and family history, and predict the deleteriousness of the variants of uncertain significance (VUS). A genetic study was performed, from May 2016 to April 2020, in 396 patients diagnosed with BC at the University Hospital Lozano Blesa of Zaragoza, Spain. Patients with a genetic variant in the CHEK2 gene were selected for the study. We performed a descriptive analysis of the clinical variables, a bibliographic review of the variants, and a cosegregation study when possible. Moreover, an in-depth bioinformatics analysis of CHEK2 VUS was carried out. We identified nine genetic variants in the CHEK2 gene in 10 patients (two pathogenic variants and seven VUS). This supposes a prevalence of 0.75% and 1.77%, respectively. In all cases, there was a family history of BC in first- and/or second-degree relatives. We carried out a cosegregation study in two families, being positive in one of them. The bioinformatics analyses predicted the pathogenicity of six of the VUS. In conclusion, CHEK2 mutations have been associated with an increased risk for BC. This risk is well-established for foundation variants. However, the risk assessment for other variants is unclear. The incorporation of bioinformatics analysis provided supporting evidence of the pathogenicity of VUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alonso
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sebastián Menao
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Lastra
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Arruebo
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María P. Bueso
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez
- Breast Unit, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Laura Murillo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Álvarez
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba Alonso
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Lleida, Spain
| | - Soraya Rebollar
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mara Cruellas
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital of Valld’Hebron, and Valld’Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Arribas
- General Surgery Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mónica Ramos
- Biochemistry Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dolores Isla
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan José Galano-Frutos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), Joint Units BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBs-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Helena García-Cebollada
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), Joint Units BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBs-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Sancho
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), Joint Units BIFI-IQFR (CSIC) and GBs-CSIC, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel Andrés
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Gąsior-Perczak D, Kowalik A, Kopczyński J, Macek P, Niemyska K, Walczyk A, Gruszczyński K, Siołek M, Dróżdż T, Kosowski M, Pałyga I, Przybycień P, Wabik O, Góźdź S, Kowalska A. Relationship between the Expression of CHK2 and p53 in Tumor Tissue and the Course of Papillary Thyroid Cancer in Patients with CHEK2 Germline Mutations. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:815. [PMID: 38398207 PMCID: PMC10886656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of CHK2 and p53 in tumor tissue in carriers of germline CHEK2 mutations can serve as a prognostic marker for PTC, and whether CHEK2 and TP53 copy numbers correlates with the course of PTC disease. This study included 156 PTC patients previously tested for the presence of CHEK2. Clinicopathological features, treatment response, disease outcome, and germline mutation status of the CHEK2 gene were assessed with respect to CHK2 and p53 expression, and CHEK2 and TP53 gene copy statuses. In patients with and without a germline mutation in CHEK2 and with higher CHK2 expression, the chances of an excellent treatment response and no evidence of disease were lower than in patients without or with lower CHK2 expression. TP53 deletion was associated with angioinvasion. In patients with a truncating mutation, the chance of a CHEK2 deletion was higher than in patients with WT CHEK2 alone or those with WT CHEK2 and with the missense I157T mutation. Higher CHK2 expression was associated with poorer treatment responses and disease outcomes. Higher CHK2 expression and positive p53 together with a TP53 deletion could be a prognostic marker of unfavorable disease outcomes in patients with germline truncating mutations in CHEK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Gąsior-Perczak
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (A.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.); (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (K.G.)
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Janusz Kopczyński
- Surgical Pathology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Paweł Macek
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (A.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.); (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, Holycross Cancer Center S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Kornelia Niemyska
- Surgical Pathology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Agnieszka Walczyk
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (A.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.); (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Gruszczyński
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (A.K.); (K.G.)
| | - Monika Siołek
- Genetic Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Dróżdż
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (A.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.); (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Department of Radiology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Marcin Kosowski
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (A.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.); (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
| | - Iwona Pałyga
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (A.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.); (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Piotr Przybycień
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Olga Wabik
- Surgical Pathology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland; (J.K.); (K.N.)
| | - Stanisław Góźdź
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (A.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.); (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Clinical Oncology, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego Str. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland
| | - Aldona Kowalska
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland; (P.M.); (A.W.); (T.D.); (M.K.); (I.P.); (S.G.); (A.K.)
- Endocrinology Clinic, Holycross Cancer Centre, S. Artwińskiego St. 3, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
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18
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Zhan X, Chen T, Xiong S, Li S, Deng X, Xu S, Fu B, Deng J. Causal relationship between prostate cancer and 12 types of cancers: multivariable and bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses. Int Urol Nephrol 2024; 56:547-556. [PMID: 37740849 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03793-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies have shown an association between certain cancers and the subsequent risk of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the causal relationship between these cancers and PCa is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between 12 common cancers and the risk of PCa. METHODS We employed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to perform forward and reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) within two-sample frameworks. Furthermore, we conducted multivariable MR analyses to investigate the relationships between different types of cancer. In addition, multiple sensitivity analysis methods were employed to assess the robustness of our findings. RESULTS Our univariable MR analysis showed that genetically predicted hematological cancer was associated with a reduced risk of PCa (OR: 0.911, 95% CI 0.89-0.922, P = 0.03). Furthermore, MR analysis demonstrates that genetically predicted occurrence of thyroid gland and endocrine gland cancer also raised the risk of PCa (all P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that thyroid gland cancer exhibited a higher incidence of PCa (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.08-1.16, P = 0.008). In the reverse MR analysis, we found no significant inverse causal associations between PCa and 12 types of cancers. CONCLUSION In summary, this study provided insights into the causal relationships between various types of cancer and PCa. Hematological cancer was suggested to associate with a lower risk of PCa, while thyroid gland cancer and endocrine gland cancer might increase the risk. These findings contribute to the understanding of genetic factors related to PCa and its potential associations with other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangpeng Zhan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Situ Xiong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinxi Deng
- Department of Urology, Jiu Jiang First People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Songhui Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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19
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Valentini V, Bucalo A, Conti G, Celli L, Porzio V, Capalbo C, Silvestri V, Ottini L. Gender-Specific Genetic Predisposition to Breast Cancer: BRCA Genes and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:579. [PMID: 38339330 PMCID: PMC10854694 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Among neoplastic diseases, breast cancer (BC) is one of the most influenced by gender. Despite common misconceptions associating BC as a women-only disease, BC can also occur in men. Additionally, transgender individuals may also experience BC. Genetic risk factors play a relevant role in BC predisposition, with important implications in precision prevention and treatment. The genetic architecture of BC susceptibility is similar in women and men, with high-, moderate-, and low-penetrance risk variants; however, some sex-specific features have emerged. Inherited high-penetrance pathogenic variants (PVs) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are the strongest BC genetic risk factor. BRCA1 and BRCA2 PVs are more commonly associated with increased risk of female and male BC, respectively. Notably, BRCA-associated BCs are characterized by sex-specific pathologic features. Recently, next-generation sequencing technologies have helped to provide more insights on the role of moderate-penetrance BC risk variants, particularly in PALB2, CHEK2, and ATM genes, while international collaborative genome-wide association studies have contributed evidence on common low-penetrance BC risk variants, on their combined effect in polygenic models, and on their role as risk modulators in BRCA1/2 PV carriers. Overall, all these studies suggested that the genetic basis of male BC, although similar, may differ from female BC. Evaluating the genetic component of male BC as a distinct entity from female BC is the first step to improve both personalized risk assessment and therapeutic choices of patients of both sexes in order to reach gender equality in BC care. In this review, we summarize the latest research in the field of BC genetic predisposition with a particular focus on similarities and differences in male and female BC, and we also discuss the implications, challenges, and open issues that surround the establishment of a gender-oriented clinical management for BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Valentini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Agostino Bucalo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Giulia Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Ludovica Celli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Virginia Porzio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Carlo Capalbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (V.S.)
- Medical Oncology Unit, Sant’Andrea University Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Silvestri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.V.); (A.B.); (G.C.); (L.C.); (V.P.); (C.C.); (V.S.)
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20
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Chidambaram A, Prabhakaran R, Sivasamy S, Kanagasabai T, Thekkumalai M, Singh A, Tyagi MS, Dhandayuthapani S. Male Breast Cancer: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2024; 23:15330338241261836. [PMID: 39043043 PMCID: PMC11271170 DOI: 10.1177/15330338241261836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Male breast cancer (MBC), one of the rare types of cancer among men where the global incidence rate is 1.8% of all breast cancers cases with a yearly increase in a pace of 1.1%. Since the last 10 years, the incidence has been increased from 7.2% to 10.3% and the mortality rate was decreased from 11% to 3.8%. Nevertheless, the rate of diagnoses has been expected to be around 2.6% in the near future, still there is a great lack in studies to characterize the MBC including the developed countries. Based on our search, it is evidenced from the literature that the number of risk factors for the cause of MBC are significant, which includes the increase in age, family genetic history, mutations in specific genes due to various environmental impacts, hormonal imbalance and unregulated expression receptors for specific hormones of high levels of estrogen or androgen receptors compared to females. MBCs are broadly classified into ductal and lobular carcinomas with further sub-types, with some of the symptoms including a lump or swelling in the breast, redness of flaky skin in the breast, irritation and nipple discharge that is similar to the female breast cancer (FBC). The most common diagnostic tools currently in use are the ultrasound guided sonography, mammography, and biopsies. Treatment modalities for MBC include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapies. However, the guidelines followed for the diagnosis and treatment modalities of MBC are mostly based on FBC that is due to the lack of prospective studies related to MBC. However, there are distinct clinical and molecular features of MBC, it is a need to develop different clinical methods with more multinational approaches to help oncologist to improve care for MBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Chidambaram
- Department of Biochemistry, PRIST Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, TN, India
| | - Rajkumar Prabhakaran
- Central Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Sivabalan Sivasamy
- Central Research Facility, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, India
| | - Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Malarvili Thekkumalai
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Distance Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, TN, India
| | - Ankit Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, United Institute of Medical Sciences, Prayagraj, UP, India
| | - Mayurika S. Tyagi
- Department of Immuno Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Santosh Deemed to be University, Ghaziabad, UP, India
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21
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Jovanović A, Tošić N, Marjanović I, Komazec J, Zukić B, Nikitović M, Ilić R, Grujičić D, Janić D, Pavlović S. Germline Variants in Cancer Predisposition Genes in Pediatric Patients with Central Nervous System Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17387. [PMID: 38139220 PMCID: PMC10744041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumors comprise around 20% of childhood malignancies. Germline variants in cancer predisposition genes (CPGs) are found in approximately 10% of pediatric patients with CNS tumors. This study aimed to characterize variants in CPGs in pediatric patients with CNS tumors and correlate these findings with clinically relevant data. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood of 51 pediatric patients and further analyzed by the next-generation sequencing approach. Bioinformatic analysis was done using an "in-house" gene list panel, which included 144 genes related to pediatric brain tumors, and the gene list panel Neoplasm (HP:0002664). Our study found that 27% of pediatric patients with CNS tumors have a germline variant in some of the known CPGs, like ALK, APC, CHEK2, ELP1, MLH1, MSH2, NF1, NF2 and TP53. This study represents the first comprehensive evaluation of germline variants in pediatric patients with CNS tumors in the Western Balkans region. Our results indicate the necessity of genomic research to reveal the genetic basis of pediatric CNS tumors, as well as to define targets for the application and development of innovative therapeutics that form the basis of the upcoming era of personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksa Jovanović
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Nataša Tošić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Irena Marjanović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Jovana Komazec
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Branka Zukić
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Marina Nikitović
- Pediatric Radiation Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.I.); (D.G.)
| | - Rosanda Ilić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.I.); (D.G.)
- Neurooncology Department, Neurosurgery Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Grujičić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (R.I.); (D.G.)
- Neurooncology Department, Neurosurgery Clinic, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Janić
- Pediatric Oncology Department, National Cancer Research Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.J.); (D.J.)
| | - Sonja Pavlović
- Laboratory for Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.T.); (I.M.); (J.K.); (B.Z.)
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22
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Lu M, Zhang X, Chu Q, Chen Y, Zhang P. Susceptibility Genes Associated with Multiple Primary Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5788. [PMID: 38136334 PMCID: PMC10741435 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With advancements in treatment and screening techniques, we have been witnessing an era where more cancer survivors harbor multiple primary cancers (MPCs), affecting approximately one in six patients. Identifying MPCs is crucial for tumor staging and subsequent treatment choices. However, the current clinicopathological criteria for clinical application are limited and insufficient, making it challenging to differentiate them from recurrences or metastases. The emergence of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has provided a genetic perspective for defining multiple primary cancers. Researchers have found that, when considering multiple tumor pairs, it is crucial not only to examine well-known essential mutations like MLH1/MSH2, EGFR, PTEN, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, and TP53 mutations but also to explore certain pleiotropic loci. Moreover, specific deleterious mutations may serve as regulatory factors in second cancer development following treatment. This review aims to discuss these susceptibility genes and provide an explanation of their functions based on the signaling pathway background. Additionally, the association network between genetic signatures and different tumor pairs will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; (M.L.)
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23
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Cabrera-Montes J, Aguirre DT, Viñas-López J, Lorente-Herraiz L, Recio-Poveda L, Albiñana V, Pérez-Pérez J, Botella LM, Cuesta AM. Mutation in Chek2 triggers von Hippel-Lindau hemangioblastoma growth. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2023; 165:4241-4251. [PMID: 37843608 PMCID: PMC10739370 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-023-05825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a rare inherited disease mainly characterized by the growth of tumours, predominantly hemangioblastomas (Hbs) in the CNS and retina, and renal carcinomas. The natural history of VHL disease is variable, differing in the age of onset and its penetrance, even among relatives. Unfortunately, sometimes VHL shows more severe than average: the onset starts in adolescence, and surgeries are required almost every year. In these cases, the factor that triggers the appearance and growth of Hbs usually remains unknown, although additional mutations are suspected. METHODS We present the case of a VHL patient whose first surgery was at 13 years of age. Then, along his next 8 years, he has undergone 5 surgeries for resection of 10 CNS Hbs. To clarify this severe VHL condition, DNA from a CNS Hb and white blood cells (WBC) was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology. RESULTS Massive DNA sequencing of the WBC (germ line) revealed a pathogenic mutation in CHEK2 and the complete loss of a VHL allele (both tumour suppressors). Moreover, in the tumour sample, several mutations, in BRAF1 and PTPN11 were found. Familiar segregation studies showed that CHEK2 mutation was in the maternal lineage, while VHL was inherited by paternal lineage. CONCLUSIONS Finally, clinical history correlated to the different genotypes in the family, concluding that the severity of these VHL manifestations are due to both, VHL-and-CHEK2 mutations. This case report aims to notice the importance of deeper genetic analyses, in inherited rare diseases, to uncover non-expected mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Cabrera-Montes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanitary Investigation Institute - Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel T Aguirre
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanitary Investigation Institute - Fundación Jiménez Diaz (IIS-FJD), Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Lorente-Herraiz
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Unit, 707, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Recio-Poveda
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Unit, 707, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Albiñana
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Unit, 707, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luisa M Botella
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Biological Research Margarita Salas, CIB-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Unit, 707, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel M Cuesta
- Rare Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERER), Unit, 707, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Clínico San Carlos Hospital (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Ouedraogo ZG, Ceruti F, Lepage M, Gay-Bellile M, Uhrhammer N, Ponelle-Chachuat F, Bidet Y, Privat M, Cavaillé M. Detection Rate and Spectrum of Pathogenic Variations in a Cohort of 83 Patients with Suspected Hereditary Risk of Kidney Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1991. [PMID: 38002934 PMCID: PMC10671640 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary predisposition to cancer affects about 3-5% of renal cancers. Testing criteria have been proposed in France for genetic testing of non-syndromic renal cancer. Our study explores the detection rates associated with our testing criteria. Using a comprehensive gene panel including 8 genes related to renal cancer and 50 genes related to hereditary predisposition to other cancers, we evaluated the detection rate of pathogenic variants in a cohort of 83 patients with suspected renal cancer predisposition. The detection rate was 7.2% for the renal cancer genes, which was 2.41-fold higher than the estimated 3% proportion of unselected kidney cases with inherited risk. Pathogenic variants in renal cancer genes were observed in 44.5% of syndromic cases, and in 2.7% of non-syndromic cases. Incidental findings were observed in CHEK2, MSH2, MUTYH and WRN. CHEK2 was associated with renal cancer (OR at 7.14; 95% CI 1.74-29.6; p < 0.003) in our study in comparison to the gnomAD control population. The detection rate in renal cancer genes was low in non-syndromic cases. Additional causal mechanisms are probably involved, and further research is required to find them. A study of the management of renal cancer risk for CHEK2 pathogenic variant carriers is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zangbéwendé Guy Ouedraogo
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, iGReD, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Florian Ceruti
- Service d’Urologie, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Mathis Lepage
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathilde Gay-Bellile
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nancy Uhrhammer
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Flora Ponelle-Chachuat
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yannick Bidet
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maud Privat
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathias Cavaillé
- Département d’Oncogénétique, Centre Jean Perrin, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (Z.G.O.); (M.L.); (M.G.-B.); (M.P.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1240 Imagerie Moléculaire et Stratégies Théranostiques, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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25
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Jensen MR, Jelsig AM, Gerdes AM, Hölmich LR, Kainu KH, Lorentzen HF, Hansen MH, Bak M, Johansson PA, Hayward NK, Van Overeem Hansen T, Wadt KA. TINF2 is a major susceptibility gene in Danish patients with multiple primary melanoma. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100225. [PMID: 37646013 PMCID: PMC10461021 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TINF2 encodes the TINF2 protein, which is a subunit in the shelterin complex critical for telomere regulation. Three recent studies have associated six truncating germline variants in TINF2 that have previously been associated with a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) caused by elongation of the telomeres. This has added TINF2 to the long telomere syndrome genes, together with other telomere maintenance genes such as ACD, POT1, TERF2IP, and TERT. We report a clinical study of 102 Danish patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM) in which a germline truncating variant in TINF2 (p.(Arg265Ter)) was identified in four unrelated participants. The telomere lengths of three variant carriers were >90% percentile. In a routine diagnostic setting, the variant was identified in two more families, including an additional MPM patient and monozygotic twins with thyroid cancer and other cancer types. A total of 10 individuals from six independent families were confirmed carriers, all with cancer history, predominantly melanoma. Our findings suggest a major role of TINF2 in Danish patients with MPM. In addition to melanoma, other cancers in the six families include thyroid, renal, breast, and sarcoma, supporting a CPS in which melanoma, thyroid cancer, and sarcoma predominate. Further studies are needed to establish the full spectrum of associated cancer types and characterize lifetime cancer risk in carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Richter Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kati Hannele Kainu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mads Bak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin A.W. Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Hanson H, Astiazaran-Symonds E, Amendola LM, Balmaña J, Foulkes WD, James P, Klugman S, Ngeow J, Schmutzler R, Voian N, Wick MJ, Pal T, Tischkowitz M, Stewart DR. Management of individuals with germline pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in CHEK2: A clinical practice resource of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genet Med 2023; 25:100870. [PMID: 37490054 PMCID: PMC10623578 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although the role of CHEK2 germline pathogenic variants in cancer predisposition is well known, resources for managing CHEK2 heterozygotes in clinical practice are limited. METHODS An international workgroup developed guidance on clinical management of CHEK2 heterozygotes informed by peer-reviewed publications from PubMed. RESULTS Although CHEK2 is considered a moderate penetrance gene, cancer risks may be considered as a continuous variable, which are influenced by family history and other modifiers. Consequently, early cancer detection and prevention for CHEK2 heterozygotes should be guided by personalized risk estimates. Such estimates may result in both downgrading lifetime breast cancer risks to those similar to the general population or upgrading lifetime risk to a level at which CHEK2 heterozygotes are offered high-risk breast surveillance according to country-specific guidelines. Risk-reducing mastectomy should be guided by personalized risk estimates and shared decision making. Colorectal and prostate cancer surveillance should be considered based on assessment of family history. For CHEK2 heterozygotes who develop cancer, no specific targeted medical treatment is recommended at this time. CONCLUSION Systematic prospective data collection is needed to establish the spectrum of CHEK2-associated cancer risks and to determine yet-unanswered questions, such as the outcomes of surveillance, response to cancer treatment, and survival after cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hanson
- Southwest Thames Regional Genetics Service, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esteban Astiazaran-Symonds
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine-Tucson, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | | | - Judith Balmaña
- Hereditary Cancer Genetics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William D Foulkes
- Departments of Human Genetics, Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Paul James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Susan Klugman
- Division of Reproductive & Medical Genetics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Women's Health, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Genomic Medicine, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rita Schmutzler
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicoleta Voian
- Providence Genetic Risk Clinic, Providence Cancer Institute, Portland, OR
| | - Myra J Wick
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tuya Pal
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center/Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Marc Tischkowitz
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas R Stewart
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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27
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Stolarova L, Kleiblova P, Zemankova P, Stastna B, Janatova M, Soukupova J, Achatz MI, Ambrosone C, Apostolou P, Arun BK, Auer P, Barnard M, Bertelsen B, Blok MJ, Boddicker N, Brunet J, Burnside ES, Calvello M, Campbell I, Chan SH, Chen F, Chiang JB, Coppa A, Cortesi L, Crujeiras-González A, De Leeneer K, De Putter R, DePersia A, Devereux L, Domchek S, Efremidis A, Engel C, Ernst C, Evans DGR, Feliubadaló L, Fostira F, Fuentes-Ríos O, Gómez-García EB, González S, Haiman C, Hansen TVO, Hauke J, Hodge J, Hu C, Huang H, Ishak NDB, Iwasaki Y, Konstantopoulou I, Kraft P, Lacey J, Lázaro C, Li N, Lim WK, Lindstrom S, Lori A, Martinez E, Martins A, Matsuda K, Matullo G, McInerny S, Michailidou K, Montagna M, Monteiro AN, Mori L, Nathanson K, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Olson JE, Palmer J, Pasini B, Patel A, Piane M, Poppe B, Radice P, Renieri A, Resta N, Richardson ME, Rosseel T, Ruddy KJ, Santamariña M, Dos Santos ES, Teras L, Toland AE, Trentham-Dietz A, Vachon CM, Volk AE, Weber-Lassalle N, Weitzel JN, Wiesmuller L, Winham S, Yadav S, Yannoukakos D, Yao S, Zampiga V, Zethoven M, Zhang ZW, Zima T, Spurdle AB, Vega A, Rossing M, Del Valle J, De Nicolo A, Hahnen E, Claes KB, Ngeow J, Momozawa Y, James PA, Couch FJ, Macurek L, Kleibl Z. ENIGMA CHEK2gether Project: A Comprehensive Study Identifies Functionally Impaired CHEK2 Germline Missense Variants Associated with Increased Breast Cancer Risk. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3037-3050. [PMID: 37449874 PMCID: PMC10425727 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline pathogenic variants in CHEK2 confer moderately elevated breast cancer risk (odds ratio, OR ∼ 2.5), qualifying carriers for enhanced breast cancer screening. Besides pathogenic variants, dozens of missense CHEK2 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) have been identified, hampering the clinical utility of germline genetic testing (GGT). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We collected 460 CHEK2 missense VUS identified by the ENIGMA consortium in 15 countries. Their functional characterization was performed using CHEK2-complementation assays quantifying KAP1 phosphorylation and CHK2 autophosphorylation in human RPE1-CHEK2-knockout cells. Concordant results in both functional assays were used to categorize CHEK2 VUS from 12 ENIGMA case-control datasets, including 73,048 female patients with breast cancer and 88,658 ethnicity-matched controls. RESULTS A total of 430/460 VUS were successfully analyzed, of which 340 (79.1%) were concordant in both functional assays and categorized as functionally impaired (N = 102), functionally intermediate (N = 12), or functionally wild-type (WT)-like (N = 226). We then examined their association with breast cancer risk in the case-control analysis. The OR and 95% CI (confidence intervals) for carriers of functionally impaired, intermediate, and WT-like variants were 2.83 (95% CI, 2.35-3.41), 1.57 (95% CI, 1.41-1.75), and 1.19 (95% CI, 1.08-1.31), respectively. The meta-analysis of population-specific datasets showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS We determined the functional consequences for the majority of CHEK2 missense VUS found in patients with breast cancer (3,660/4,436; 82.5%). Carriers of functionally impaired missense variants accounted for 0.5% of patients with breast cancer and were associated with a moderate risk similar to that of truncating CHEK2 variants. In contrast, 2.2% of all patients with breast cancer carried functionally wild-type/intermediate missense variants with no clinically relevant breast cancer risk in heterozygous carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Stolarova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kleiblova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Zemankova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Stastna
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Janatova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Soukupova
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Isabel Achatz
- A.C. Camargo Cancer Center and Oncology Center, Hospital Sirio-Libanes, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christine Ambrosone
- Department of Cancer Prevention & Control, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- WCHS Inc., Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Paraskevi Apostolou
- Human Molecular Genetics Laboratory, INRaSTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Banu K. Arun
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Auer
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Equity, and Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- WHI, USA
| | - Mollie Barnard
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Birgitte Bertelsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marinus J. Blok
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas Boddicker
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- CARRIERS, USA
| | - Joan Brunet
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth S. Burnside
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- WWHS, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Mariarosaria Calvello
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Ian Campbell
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sock Hoai Chan
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fei Chen
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- MEC, USA
| | - Jian Bang Chiang
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, Modena University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Ana Crujeiras-González
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kim De Leeneer
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin De Putter
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Allison DePersia
- Center for Medical Genetics, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Lisa Devereux
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Lifepool, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan Domchek
- CARRIERS, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Anna Efremidis
- Clinical Cancer Genetics and Family Consultants, CLINICAGENE, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Ernst
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D. Gareth R. Evans
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lidia Feliubadaló
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRaSTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Olivia Fuentes-Ríos
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Encarna B. Gómez-García
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christopher Haiman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- MEC, USA
| | - Thomas van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Hauke
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - James Hodge
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
- CPS3, Kennesaw, Georgia
| | - Chunling Hu
- CARRIERS, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hongyan Huang
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- NHS, Reston, Virginia
| | | | - Yusuke Iwasaki
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Irene Konstantopoulou
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRaSTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Peter Kraft
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- NHS, Reston, Virginia
| | - James Lacey
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Cancer Center, Duarte, California
- CTS, USA
| | - Conxi Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Na Li
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Sara Lindstrom
- WHI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Adriana Lori
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elana Martinez
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Alexandra Martins
- Inserm UMR1245, UNIROUEN, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone McInerny
- Parkville Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Biostatistics Unit, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marco Montagna
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua, Italy
| | - Alvaro N.A. Monteiro
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Division of Population Sciences, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Luigi Mori
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Katherine Nathanson
- CARRIERS, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janet E. Olson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- MCBCS, USA
| | - Julie Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alpa Patel
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
- CPS-II, USA
| | - Maria Piane
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruce Poppe
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paolo Radice
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicoletta Resta
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Medical Genetics Unit, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Toon Rosseel
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kathryn J. Ruddy
- MCBCS, USA
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marta Santamariña
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Lauren Teras
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
- CPS-II, USA
| | - Amanda E. Toland
- Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- WWHS, Charlotte, North Carolina
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Alexander E. Volk
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nana Weber-Lassalle
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Wiesmuller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stacey Winham
- MMHS, USA
- Department Quantitative Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Siddhartha Yadav
- CARRIERS, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRaSTES, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Song Yao
- WCHS Inc., Baltimore, Maryland
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Valentina Zampiga
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori," Meldola, Italy
| | - Magnus Zethoven
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ze Wen Zhang
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tomas Zima
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda B. Spurdle
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ana Vega
- Fundacion Publica Galega de Medicina Xenomica, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesús Del Valle
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL-IGTP-IDIBGI, L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arcangela De Nicolo
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Hahnen
- Center for Familial Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathleen B.M. Claes
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Cancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Paul A. James
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Inserm UMR1245, UNIROUEN, Normandy Centre for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- CARRIERS, USA
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Libor Macurek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Kleibl
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathophysiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Turchiano A, Piglionica M, Martino S, Bagnulo R, Garganese A, De Luisi A, Chirulli S, Iacoviello M, Stasi M, Tabaku O, Meneleo E, Capurso M, Crocetta S, Lattarulo S, Krylovska Y, Lastella P, Forleo C, Stella A, Bukvic N, Simone C, Resta N. Impact of High-to-Moderate Penetrance Genes on Genetic Testing: Looking over Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1530. [PMID: 37628581 PMCID: PMC10454640 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Since the discovery of the highly penetrant susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2, many other predisposition genes that confer a moderate risk of BC have been identified. Advances in multigene panel testing have allowed the simultaneous sequencing of BRCA1/2 with these genes in a cost-effective way. Germline DNA from 521 cases with BC fulfilling diagnostic criteria for hereditary BC were screened with multigene NGS testing. Pathogenic (PVs) and likely pathogenic (LPVs) variants in moderate penetrance genes were identified in 15 out of 521 patients (2.9%), including 2 missense, 7 non-sense, 1 indel, and 3 splice variants, as well as two different exon deletions, as follows: ATM (n = 4), CHEK2 (n = 5), PALB2 (n = 2), RAD51C (n = 1), and RAD51D (n = 3). Moreover, the segregation analysis of PVs and LPVs into first-degree relatives allowed the detection of CHEK2 variant carriers diagnosed with in situ melanoma and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), respectively. Extended testing beyond BRCA1/2 identified PVs and LPVs in a further 2.9% of BC patients. In conclusion, panel testing yields more accurate genetic information for appropriate counselling, risk management, and preventive options than assessing BRCA1/2 alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Turchiano
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Marilidia Piglionica
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefania Martino
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Rosanna Bagnulo
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Antonella Garganese
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Annunziata De Luisi
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Stefania Chirulli
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Matteo Iacoviello
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Michele Stasi
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Ornella Tabaku
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Eleonora Meneleo
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Martina Capurso
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Silvia Crocetta
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Simone Lattarulo
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Yevheniia Krylovska
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Patrizia Lastella
- Rare Disease Center, Internal Medicine Unit “C. Frugoni”, AOU Policlinico di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Cinzia Forleo
- Cardiology Unit, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Stella
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Nenad Bukvic
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Cristiano Simone
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
- Medical Genetics, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Resta
- Medical Genetic, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy; (A.T.); (M.P.); (S.M.); (R.B.); (A.G.); (A.D.L.); (S.C.); (M.I.); (M.S.); (O.T.); (E.M.); (M.C.); (S.C.); (S.L.); (Y.K.); (A.S.); (N.B.); (C.S.)
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29
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Gunawardena K, Sirisena ND, Anandagoda G, Neththikumara N, Dissanayake VHW. Germline variants of uncertain significance, their frequency, and clinico-pathological features in a cohort of Sri Lankan patients with hereditary breast cancer. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:95. [PMID: 37277882 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06365-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based testing in cancer patients has led to increased detection of variants of uncertain significance (VUS). VUS are genetic variants whose impact on protein function is unknown. VUS pose a challenge to clinicians and patients due to uncertainty regarding their cancer predisposition risk. Paucity of data exists on the pattern of VUS in under-represented populations. This study describes the frequency of germline VUS and clinico-pathological features in Sri Lankan hereditary breast cancer patients. METHODS Data of 72 hereditary breast cancer patients who underwent NGS-based testing between January 2015 and December 2021 were maintained prospectively in a database and analyzed retrospectively. Data were subjected to bioinformatics analysis and variants were classified according to international guidelines. RESULTS Germline variants were detected in 33/72(45.8%) patients, comprising 16(48.5%) pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants and 17(51.5%) VUS. Distribution of VUS in breast cancer predisposing genes were :APC:1(5.8%), ATM:2(11.7%), BRCA1:1(5.8%), BRCA2:5(29.4%), BRIP1:1(5.8%), CDKN2A:1(5.8%), CHEK2:2(11.7%), FANC1:1(5.8%), MET:1(5.8%), STK11:1(5.8%), NF2:1(5.8%). Mean age at cancer diagnosis in patients with VUS was 51.2 years. Most common tumour histopathology was ductal carcinoma 11(78.6%). 50% of tumours in patients having VUS in BRCA1/2 genes were hormone receptor negative. 73.3% patients had family history of breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS A significant portion of patients had a germline VUS. Highest frequency was in BRCA2 gene. Majority had family history of breast cancer. This highlights the need to undertake functional genomic studies to determine the biological effects of VUS and identify potentially clinically actionable variants that would be useful for decision-making and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawmadi Gunawardena
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Nirmala D Sirisena
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka.
| | - Gayani Anandagoda
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilaksha Neththikumara
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
| | - Vajira H W Dissanayake
- Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo 8, Sri Lanka
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Roloff GW, Shaw R, O’Connor TE, Hathaway F, Drazer MW. Stagnation in quality of next-generation sequencing assays for the diagnosis of hereditary hematopoietic malignancies. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:744-749. [PMID: 36642751 PMCID: PMC11310923 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary hematopoietic malignancies (HHMs) are inherited syndromes that confer the risk of blood cancer development. With the rapid acceleration of next-generation sequencing (NGS) into commercial biotechnology markets, HHMs are increasingly recognized by genetic counselors and clinicians. In 2020, it was demonstrated that most diagnostic test offerings for HHMs were insufficient for accurate diagnosis, failing to sequence the full spectrum of genetic events known to cause HHMs. We hypothesized the number of genes on commercially available HHM assay increased from 2020 to 2022, consistent with a more comprehensive sequencing approach. Here, we analyzed assays from eight commercial laboratories to determine the HHM-related genes sequenced by these assays. We compared these assays with panels from 2020 to determine trends in sequencing quality. Most HHM diagnostic assays did not change and remain insensitive for the detection of all HHM-related variants. Most (75%) HHM assays do not sequence CHEK2, the gene most frequently mutated in HHMs, and 25% of HHM assays does not sequence DDX41, the second most frequent HHM driver. The quality of HHM diagnostic assays stagnated despite the discovery of novel HHM-related genes and prior work demonstrating heterogeneity in the quality of HHM testing. Most commercially available HHM tests remain insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W. Roloff
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Reid Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Timothy E. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Feighanne Hathaway
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael W. Drazer
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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31
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Nguyen TMT, Pham HNH, Do TA, Pham KH, Van Nguyen C. Metachronous papillary thyroid carcinoma and hereditary breast carcinoma with BRCA1 mutation in a Vietnamese woman: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 106:108249. [PMID: 37094417 PMCID: PMC10149264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2023.108249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE Papillary thyroid carcinoma is the most common type of malignancy in endocrine tumor. Women with breast cancer have an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer. Especially, patients with BRCA1 germline variants, which belong to the DNA DSB repair system, there may be a genetic susceptibility to thyroid cancer. CASE PRESENTATION This study investigated a 47-year-old Vietnamese female patient with BRCA1 mutation, namely NM_007294.3 (BRCA1): c.4998insA (p. Tyr1666Terfs), who developed PTC after one year of breast cancer treatment. CLINICAL DISCUSSION Factors that are thought to increase the risk of thyroid cancer after breast cancer treatment include treatment methods, hormonal factors, genetic susceptibility, and others. A hypothesis is breast cancer with BRCA1 mutation increases the risk of thyroid cancer. CONCLUSION Understanding the relationship between breast and thyroid cancer helps clinicians for well management of both diseases and also contributes to the development of new preventive strategies, diagnostics and therapeutics as so as a new research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tu Anh Do
- National Cancer Hospital, Ha Noi, Viet Nam.
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Wagener R, Walter C, Auer F, Alzoubi D, Hauer J, Fischer U, Varghese J, Dugas M, Borkhardt A, Brozou T. The CHK2 kinase is recurrently mutated and functionally impaired in the germline of pediatric cancer patients. Int J Cancer 2023; 152:1388-1398. [PMID: 36468172 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Predisposing CHEK2 germline variants are associated with various adult-type malignancies, whereas their impact on cancer susceptibility in childhood cancer is unclear. To understand the frequency of germline variants in the CHEK2 gene and their impact on pediatric malignancies, we used whole-exome sequencing to search for CHEK2 variants in the germlines of 418 children diagnosed with cancer in our clinics. Moreover, we performed functional analysis of the pathogenic CHEK2 variants to analyze the effect of the alterations on CHK2 protein function. We detected a CHEK2 germline variant in 32/418 (7.7%) pediatric cancer patients and 46.8% of them had leukemia. Functional analysis of the pathogenic variants revealed that 5 pathogenic variants impaired CHK2 protein function. 6/32 patients carried one of these clearly damaging CHEK2 variants and two of them harbored a matching family history of cancer. In conclusion, we detected germline CHEK2 variants in 7.7% of all pediatric cancer patients, of which a minority but still relevant fraction of approximately 20% had a profound impact on protein expression or its phosphorylation after irradiation-induced DNA damage. Accordingly, we conclude that CHEK2 variants increase the risk for not only adult-onset but also pediatric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Wagener
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Walter
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Auer
- TUM School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Deya Alzoubi
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- TUM School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Germany
| | - Ute Fischer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Varghese
- Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Dugas
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arndt Borkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Triantafyllia Brozou
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Mastrodomenico L, Piombino C, Riccò B, Barbieri E, Venturelli M, Piacentini F, Dominici M, Cortesi L, Toss A. Personalized Systemic Therapies in Hereditary Cancer Syndromes. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:684. [PMID: 36980956 PMCID: PMC10048191 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hereditary cancer syndromes are inherited disorders caused by germline pathogenic variants (PVs) that lead to an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer, frequently at an earlier age than in the rest of the population. The germline PVs promote cancer development, growth and survival, and may represent an ideal target for the personalized treatment of hereditary tumors. PARP inhibitors for the treatment of BRCA and PALB2-associated tumors, immune checkpoint inhibitors for tumors associated with the Lynch Syndrome, HIF-2α inhibitor in the VHL-related cancers and, finally, selective RET inhibitors for the treatment of MEN2-associated medullary thyroid cancer are the most successful examples of how a germline PVs can be exploited to develop effective personalized therapies and improve the outcome of these patients. The present review aims to describe and discuss the personalized systemic therapies for inherited cancer syndromes that have been developed and investigated in clinical trials in recent decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Mastrodomenico
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Piombino
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Beatrice Riccò
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Marta Venturelli
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Piacentini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Angela Toss
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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CHEK2 Alterations in Pediatric Malignancy: A Single-Institution Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061649. [PMID: 36980535 PMCID: PMC10046043 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Approximately 10% of pediatric malignancies are secondary to germline alterations in cancer-predisposing genes. Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) germline loss-of-function variants have been reported in pediatric cancer patients, but clinical phenotypes and outcomes are poorly described. We present our single-institution experience of pediatric oncology patients with CHEK2 germline alterations, including clinical presentations and outcomes. Methods: Pediatric oncology patients with CHEK2 germline alterations were identified among those assessed by clinical or translational research at the Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital. A chart review of disease course was conducted on identified patients. Results: We identified 6 patients with germline CHEK2 variants from a cohort of 300 individuals, including 1 patient with concurrent presentation of Burkitt lymphoma and neuroblastoma, 3 patients with brain tumors, 1 patient with Ewing sarcoma, and 1 patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. Three patients had a family history of malignancies. Four patients were in remission; one was undergoing treatment; one patient had developed treatment-related meningiomas. We review prior data regarding CHEK2 variants in this population, challenges associated with variant interpretation, and genetic counseling for individuals with CHEK2 variants. Conclusions: CHEK2 germline loss-of-function alterations occur in patients with a variety of pediatric tumors. Larger multicenter studies will improve our understanding of the incidence, phenotype, and molecular biology of CHEK2 germline variants in pediatric cancers.
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Hosseini S, Acar A, Sen M, Meeder K, Singh P, Yin K, Sutton JM, Hughes K. Penetrance of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Susceptibility Genes: A Systematic Review. Ann Surg Oncol 2023; 30:1795-1807. [PMID: 36528743 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-12829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world, and the presence of germline pathogenic variants has been linked with approximately 5% of gastric cancer diagnoses. Multiple GAC susceptibility genes have been identified, but information regarding the risk associated with pathogenic variants in these genes remains obscure. We conducted a systematic review of existing studies reporting the penetrance of GAC susceptibility genes. METHODS A structured search query was devised to identify GAC-related papers indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed. A semi-automated natural language processing algorithm was applied to identify penetrance papers for inclusion. Original studies reporting the penetrance of GAC were included and the full-text articles were independently reviewed. Summary statistics, effect estimates, and precision parameters from these studies were compiled into a table using a predetermined format to ensure consistency. RESULTS Forty-five studies were identified reporting the penetrance of GAC among patients harboring mutations in 13 different genes: APC, ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, MUTYH-Monoallelic, NBN, and STK11. CONCLUSION Our systematic review highlights the importance of testing for germline pathogenic variants in patients before the development of GAC. Management of patients who harbor a pathogenic mutation is multifactorial, and clinicians should consider cancer risk for each applicable gene-cancer association throughout the screening and management process. The scarcity of studies we found investigating the risk of GAC among patients with pathogenic variants in GAC susceptibility genes highlights the need for more investigations that focus on producing robust risk estimates for gene-cancer associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Hosseini
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahmet Acar
- Department of Emergency, Avrupa Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meghdeep Sen
- College of Medicine, American University of Antigua, Coolidge, Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Kiersten Meeder
- Division of Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Preeti Singh
- Department of Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kanhua Yin
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Sutton
- Division of Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kevin Hughes
- Division of Oncologic and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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36
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Genetic Considerations in the Locoregional Management of Breast Cancer: a Review of Current Evidence. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-023-00478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Tavano F, Gioffreda D, Fontana A, Palmieri O, Gentile A, Latiano T, Latiano A, Latiano TP, Scaramuzzi M, Maiello E, Bazzocchi F, Perri F. Evaluation of inherited germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes among pancreatic cancer patients: a single-center study. Mol Med 2023; 29:14. [PMID: 36717774 PMCID: PMC9885574 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00600-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in cancer susceptibility genes were identified in pancreatic cancer (PanC) patients with a sporadic disease and in those unselected for family cancer history. METHODS With the aim to determine the prevalence of germline predisposition genes mutations in PanC, and to evaluate whether they were associated with the presence of PanC, we profiled a custom AmpliSeq panel of 27 cancer susceptibility genes in 47 PanC patients and 51 control subjects by using the Ion Torrent PGM system. RESULTS Multigene panel testing identified a total of 31 variants in 27 PanC (57.4%), including variants with pathogenic/likely pathogenic effect, those of uncertain significance, and variants whose clinical significance remains currently undefined. Five patients carried more than one variant in the same gene or in different genes. Eight patients (17.0%) had at least one pathogenic/likely pathogenic variant in four main genes: CFTR (10.6%), BRCA2 (8.5%), ATM and CHEK2 (2.1%). Pathogenic/likely pathogenic mutation were identified in patients with positive PanC family history (20%) or in patients without first-degree relatives affected by PanC (13.6%). All the BRCA2 mutation carriers were unselected PanC patients. The presence of mutations in BRCA2 was significantly associated with an increased occurrence of PanC and with positive family history for endometrial cancer (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the potential remarkable contribution of BRCA2 in assessing the presence of PanC. Overall our findings supported the recommendation of offering the germline testing to all the PanC patients with the intent to reduce the number of underdiagnosed carriers of mutations in predisposition genes, and not to preclude their relatives from the opportunity to benefit from surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tavano
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Domenica Gioffreda
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Unit of Biostatistics, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Orazio Palmieri
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Gentile
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Latiano
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Anna Latiano
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Tiziana Pia Latiano
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Department of Oncology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Matteo Scaramuzzi
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Department of Surgery, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Department of Oncology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesca Bazzocchi
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Department of Surgery, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- grid.413503.00000 0004 1757 9135Division of Gastroenterology, Fondazione “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” IRCCS Hospital, Viale Cappuccini 1, FG 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Ipe A, Angiolillo A, Jacobsohn D, Cheng J, Bornhorst M, Turner J, Vatsayan A. Case report: Tisagenlecleucel for treatment of relapsed B- acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a patient with CHEK2 mutation. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1067131. [PMID: 36937957 PMCID: PMC10014590 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1067131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Germline Checkpoint Kinase 2 gene (CHEK2) mutations can increase the risk of solid tumors. Recently, they have been identified as risk factors for hematologic malignancies. However, to the best of our knowledge, B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) has never been described as a presenting manifestation of germline CHEK2 mutation. Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy directed against CD19 antigen (tisagenlecleucel) is a novel cellular therapy for treatment of relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-ALL. The use of tisagenlecleucel has not been described in patients with CHEK2 mutation. Case Presentation We describe a case of a pediatric patient with a heterozygous pathogenic germline CHEK2 mutation (c.1100delC; p.Thr367Metfs*15) successfully treated with tisagenlecleucel for relapsed B-ALL to avoid hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). The twelve-year-old boy was diagnosed with National Cancer Institute (NCI) high-risk B-ALL (white blood cell count >50,000/mcL), with no extramedullary disease. Cytogenetic analysis revealed normal karyotype but fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) showed 93% positivity for CRLF2::P2RY8 rearrangement. He was treated as per Children's Oncology Group (COG) AALL1131 therapy and achieved a complete remission. Seven months after diagnosis, he was found to have papillary thyroid carcinoma with no evidence of metastatic disease. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy with central lymph node biopsy and radioactive iodine therapy. The patient's biological mother and fraternal twin brother carry the same germline CHEK2 mutation with no history of malignancy. The biological father tested negative for the familial mutation. The patient's genetic panel also identified three variants of unclear significance: CDKN2A (c.37 °C > T; p.Arg124Cys), FLCN (c.62G > A; p.Cys21Tyr) and SDHAF2 (c.139A > G; p.Met47Val). Extended family history also revealed a diagnosis of anaplastic thyroid cancer in maternal uncle at the age of 44 years. Fifteen months after diagnosis the patient had a relapse of B-ALL (both medullary and extramedullary with blasts in CSF), which was successfully treated with tisagenlecleucel. The patient remains in remission 3 years after receiving tisagenlecleucel. Conclusion As conventional chemotherapy and radiation can potentially increase the risk of DNA damage and development of secondary malignancies, CD19 CAR-T therapy (tisagenlecleucel) can be used as a substitute for intensive re-induction chemotherapy and HCT in patients with a germline CHEK2 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ipe
- Schoolof Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Correspondence: Abraham Ipe
| | - Anne Angiolillo
- Schoolof Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Leukemia/Lymphoma, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - David Jacobsohn
- Schoolof Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jinjun Cheng
- Schoolof Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Hematopathology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Miriam Bornhorst
- Schoolof Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Joyce Turner
- Schoolof Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Genetics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anant Vatsayan
- Schoolof Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
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Tlais D, Barros Guinle MI, Wheeler JR, Prolo LM, Vogel H, Partap S. CHEK2 mutations in pediatric brain tumors. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad038. [PMID: 37207118 PMCID: PMC10191190 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Tlais
- Corresponding Author: Dana Tlais, MD, Department of Neurology, Stanford University, 750 Welch Rd, Suite 317, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA ()
| | | | - Joshua Riley Wheeler
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Laura M Prolo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Sonia Partap
- Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Sokolova A, Johnstone KJ, McCart Reed AE, Simpson PT, Lakhani SR. Hereditary breast cancer: syndromes, tumour pathology and molecular testing. Histopathology 2023; 82:70-82. [PMID: 36468211 PMCID: PMC10953374 DOI: 10.1111/his.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary factors account for a significant proportion of breast cancer risk. Approximately 20% of hereditary breast cancers are attributable to pathogenic variants in the highly penetrant BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. A proportion of the genetic risk is also explained by pathogenic variants in other breast cancer susceptibility genes, including ATM, CHEK2, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D and BARD1, as well as genes associated with breast cancer predisposition syndromes - TP53 (Li-Fraumeni syndrome), PTEN (Cowden syndrome), CDH1 (hereditary diffuse gastric cancer), STK11 (Peutz-Jeghers syndrome) and NF1 (neurofibromatosis type 1). Polygenic risk, the cumulative risk from carrying multiple low-penetrance breast cancer susceptibility alleles, is also a well-recognised contributor to risk. This review provides an overview of the established breast cancer susceptibility genes as well as breast cancer predisposition syndromes, highlights distinct genotype-phenotype correlations associated with germline mutation status and discusses molecular testing and therapeutic implications in the context of hereditary breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sokolova
- Sullivan and Nicolaides PathologyBrisbane
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
| | - K J Johnstone
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - A E McCart Reed
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
| | - P T Simpson
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
| | - S R Lakhani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbane
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Clinical Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing Multi-Gene Panel Highlighting the Landscape of Germline Alterations in Ovarian Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415789. [PMID: 36555431 PMCID: PMC9779064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are the most frequently mutated genes in ovarian cancer (OC) crucial both for the identification of cancer predisposition and therapeutic choices. However, germline variants in other genes could be involved in OC susceptibility. We characterized OC patients to detect mutations in genes other than BRCA1/2 that could be associated with a high risk of developing OC and permit patients to enter the most appropriate treatment and surveillance program. Next-generation sequencing analysis with a 94-gene panel was performed on germline DNA of 219 OC patients. We identified 34 pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and 38 in other 21 genes. The patients with pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in the non-BRCA1/2 genes mainly developed OC alone compared to the other groups that also developed breast cancer or other tumors (p = 0.001). Clinical correlation analysis showed that the low-risk patients were significantly associated with platinum sensitivity (p < 0.001). Regarding PARP inhibitors (PARPi) response, the patients with pathogenic mutations in the non-BRCA1/2 genes had worse PFS and OS. Moreover, a statistically significantly worse PFS was found for every increase of one thousand platelets before PARPi treatment. To conclude, knowledge about molecular alterations in genes beyond BRCA1/2 in OC could allow for more personalized diagnostic, predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies for OC patients.
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Minor Kinases with Major Roles in Cytokinesis Regulation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223639. [PMID: 36429067 PMCID: PMC9688779 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the conclusive act of cell division, allows cytoplasmic organelles and chromosomes to be faithfully partitioned between two daughter cells. In animal organisms, its accurate regulation is a fundamental task for normal development and for preventing aneuploidy. Cytokinesis failures produce genetically unstable tetraploid cells and ultimately result in chromosome instability, a hallmark of cancer cells. In animal cells, the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin ring drive cleavage furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of a cytoplasmic intercellular bridge, which is severed during abscission, the final event of cytokinesis. Kinase-mediated phosphorylation is a crucial process to orchestrate the spatio-temporal regulation of the different stages of cytokinesis. Several kinases have been described in the literature, such as cyclin-dependent kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and Aurora B, regulating both furrow ingression and/or abscission. However, others exist, with well-established roles in cell-cycle progression but whose specific role in cytokinesis has been poorly investigated, leading to considering these kinases as "minor" actors in this process. Yet, they deserve additional attention, as they might disclose unexpected routes of cell division regulation. Here, we summarize the role of multifunctional kinases in cytokinesis with a special focus on those with a still scarcely defined function during cell cleavage. Moreover, we discuss their implication in cancer.
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Agaoglu NB, Ng OH, Unal B, Dogan OA, Amanvermez U, Yildiz J, Doganay L, Ghazani AA, Rana HQ. Concurrent Pathogenic Variants of BRCA1, MUTYH and CHEK2 in a Hereditary Cancer Family. Cancer Genet 2022; 268-269:128-136. [PMID: 36368126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Concurrent pathogenic variants (PVs) in cancer predisposition genes have been reported in 0.1-2% of hereditary cancer (HC) patients. Determining concurrent PVs is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and risk assessment of unaffected family members. Next generation sequencing based diagnostic tests, which are widely used in HCs, enable the evaluation of multiple genes in parallel. We have screened the family members of a patient with bilateral breast cancer who was found to have concurrent PVs in BRCA1 (NM_007294.3;c.5102_5103del, p.Leu1701Glnfs*14) and MUTYH (NM_001128425.1;c.884C>T, p.Pro295Leu). Further analysis revealed concurrent PVs in CHEK2 (NM_007194.4;c.1427C>T, p.Thr476Met) and MUTYH (NM_001128425.1;c.884C>T, p.Pro295Leu) in the maternal uncle of the index case. Eight additional family members were found to have PVs in BRCA1 and MUTYH among 26 tested relatives. The sister and the brother of the index case who were diagnosed with breast and colon cancers, respectively, presented with the same genotype as the index case. Each family member was evaluated individually for clinical care and surveillance. This is the first report describing a family with BRCA1, MUTYH and CHEK2 concurrent PVs. Our findings provide valuable information for the assessment and management considerations for families with concurrent PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Bugra Agaoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer Genetics, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ozden Hatirnaz Ng
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey; Acibadem University Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs Application and Research Center, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busra Unal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer Genetics, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Akgun Dogan
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Amanvermez
- Department of Genome Studies, Institute of Health Sciences, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jale Yildiz
- Department of Medical Genetics, Division of Cancer Genetics, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Levent Doganay
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Umraniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arezou A Ghazani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Huma Q Rana
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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Bychkovsky BL, Agaoglu NB, Horton C, Zhou J, Yussuf A, Hemyari P, Richardson ME, Young C, LaDuca H, McGuinness DL, Scheib R, Garber JE, Rana HQ. Differences in Cancer Phenotypes Among Frequent CHEK2 Variants and Implications for Clinical Care-Checking CHEK2. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:1598-1606. [PMID: 36136322 PMCID: PMC9501803 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.4071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Germline CHEK2 pathogenic variants (PVs) are frequently detected by multigene cancer panel testing (MGPT), but our understanding of PVs beyond c.1100del has been limited. Objective To compare cancer phenotypes of frequent CHEK2 PVs individually and collectively by variant type. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study was carried out in a single diagnostic testing laboratory from 2012 to 2019. Overall, 3783 participants with CHEK2 PVs identified via MGPT were included. Medical histories of cancer in participants with frequent PVs, negative MGPT (wild type), loss-of-function (LOF), and missense were compared. Main Outcomes and Measures Participants were stratified by CHEK2 PV type. Descriptive statistics were summarized including median (IQR) for continuous variables and proportions for categorical characteristics. Differences in age and proportions were assessed with Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher exact tests, respectively. Frequencies, odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and P values were corrected for multiple comparisons where appropriate. Results Of the 3783 participants with CHEK2 PVs, 3473 (92%) were female and most reported White race. Breast cancer was less frequent in participants with p.I157T (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.56-0.78; P<.001), p.S428F (OR, 0.59; 95% CI. 0.46-0.76; P<.001), and p.T476M (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56-0.98; P = .04) PVs compared with other PVs and an association with nonbreast cancers was not found. Following the exclusion of p.I157T, p.S428F, and p.T476M, participants with monoallelic CHEK2 PV had a younger age at first cancer diagnosis (P < .001) and were more likely to have breast (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.66-2.02; P < .001), thyroid (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.26-2.08; P < .001), and kidney cancer (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.75-3.68; P < .001) than the wild-type cohort. Participants with a CHEK2 PV were less likely to have a diagnosis of colorectal cancer (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.51-0.76; P < .001) compared with those in the wild-type cohort. There were no significant differences between frequent CHEK2 PVs and c.1100del and no differences between CHEK2 missense and LOF PVs. Conclusions and Relevance CHEK2 PVs, with few exceptions (p.I157T, p.S428F, and p.T476M), were associated with similar cancer phenotypes irrespective of variant type. CHEK2 PVs were not associated with colorectal cancer, but were associated with breast, kidney, and thyroid cancers. Compared with other CHEK2 PVs, the frequent p.I157T, p.S428F, and p.T476M alleles have an attenuated association with breast cancer and were not associated with nonbreast cancers. These data may inform the genetic counseling and care of individuals with CHEK2 PVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L. Bychkovsky
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nihat B. Agaoglu
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Jing Zhou
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rochelle Scheib
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E. Garber
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huma Q. Rana
- Division of Cancer Genetics and Prevention, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Cavazos TB, Kachuri L, Graff RE, Nierenberg JL, Thai KK, Alexeeff S, Van Den Eeden S, Corley DA, Kushi LH, Hoffmann TJ, Ziv E, Habel LA, Jorgenson E, Sakoda LC, Witte JS. Assessment of genetic susceptibility to multiple primary cancers through whole-exome sequencing in two large multi-ancestry studies. BMC Med 2022; 20:332. [PMID: 36199081 PMCID: PMC9535845 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02535-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to one of every six individuals diagnosed with one cancer will be diagnosed with a second primary cancer in their lifetime. Genetic factors contributing to the development of multiple primary cancers, beyond known cancer syndromes, have been underexplored. METHODS To characterize genetic susceptibility to multiple cancers, we conducted a pan-cancer, whole-exome sequencing study of individuals drawn from two large multi-ancestry populations (6429 cases, 165,853 controls). We created two groupings of individuals diagnosed with multiple primary cancers: (1) an overall combined set with at least two cancers across any of 36 organ sites and (2) cancer-specific sets defined by an index cancer at one of 16 organ sites with at least 50 cases from each study population. We then investigated whether variants identified from exome sequencing were associated with these sets of multiple cancer cases in comparison to individuals with one and, separately, no cancers. RESULTS We identified 22 variant-phenotype associations, 10 of which have not been previously discovered and were significantly overrepresented among individuals with multiple cancers, compared to those with a single cancer. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we describe variants and genes that may play a fundamental role in the development of multiple primary cancers and improve our understanding of shared mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor B Cavazos
- Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Alway Building, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca E Graff
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Jovia L Nierenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Khanh K Thai
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Stacey Alexeeff
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Stephen Van Den Eeden
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Laurel A Habel
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.,Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Alway Building, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Abuetabh Y, Wu HH, Chai C, Al Yousef H, Persad S, Sergi CM, Leng R. DNA damage response revisited: the p53 family and its regulators provide endless cancer therapy opportunities. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1658-1669. [PMID: 36207426 PMCID: PMC9636249 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor therapeutic strategies that fundamentally rely on the induction of DNA damage to eradicate and inhibit the growth of cancer cells are integral approaches to cancer therapy. Although DNA-damaging therapies advance the battle with cancer, resistance, and recurrence following treatment are common. Thus, searching for vulnerabilities that facilitate the action of DNA-damaging agents by sensitizing cancer cells is an active research area. Therefore, it is crucial to decipher the detailed molecular events involved in DNA damage responses (DDRs) to DNA-damaging agents in cancer. The tumor suppressor p53 is active at the hub of the DDR. Researchers have identified an increasing number of genes regulated by p53 transcriptional functions that have been shown to be critical direct or indirect mediators of cell fate, cell cycle regulation, and DNA repair. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) primarily orchestrate and direct the activity of p53 in response to DNA damage. Many molecules mediating PTMs on p53 have been identified. The anticancer potential realized by targeting these molecules has been shown through experiments and clinical trials to sensitize cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents. This review briefly acknowledges the complexity of DDR pathways/networks. We specifically focus on p53 regulators, protein kinases, and E3/E4 ubiquitin ligases and their anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Abuetabh
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - H Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Chengsen Chai
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Habib Al Yousef
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Sujata Persad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Consolato M Sergi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Roger Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Yngvadottir B, Andreou A, Bassaganyas L, Larionov A, Cornish AJ, Chubb D, Saunders CN, Smith PS, Zhang H, Cole Y, Research Consortium GE, Larkin J, Browning L, Turajlic S, Litchfield K, Houlston RS, Maher ER. Frequency of pathogenic germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes in 1336 renal cell carcinoma cases. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:3001-3011. [PMID: 35441217 PMCID: PMC9433729 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs in a number of cancer predisposition syndromes, but the genetic architecture of susceptibility to RCC is not well defined. We investigated the frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic (P/LP) germline variants in cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs) within a large series of unselected RCC participants. Whole-genome sequencing data on 1336 RCC participants and 5834 controls recruited to the UK 100 000 Genomes Project, a nationwide multicentre study, was analyzed to identify rare P/LP short variants (single nucleotide variants and insertions/deletions ranging from 1 to 50 base pairs) and structural variants in 121 CSGs. Among 1336 RCC participants [mean: 61.3 years (±12 SD), range: 13-88 years; 64% male], 85 participants [6.4%; 95% CI (5.1, 7.8)] had one or more P/LP germline variant in a wider range of CSGs than previously recognized. A further 64 intragenic variants in CSGs previously associated with RCC were classified as a variant of uncertain significance (VUS) (24 'hot VUSs') and were considered to be of potential clinical relevance as further evaluation might results in their reclassification. Most patients with P variants in well-established CSGs known to predispose to renal cell carcinoma (RCC-CSGs) were aged <50 years. Burden test analysis for filtered variants in CSGs demonstrated a significant excess of CHEK2 variants in European RCC participants compared with the healthy European controls (P = 0.0019). Approximately, 6% of the patients with RCC unselected for family history have a germline variant requiring additional follow-up analysis. To improve diagnostic yield, we suggest expanding the panel of RCC-CSGs tested to include CHEK2 and all SDHx subunits and raising the eligibility criteria for age-based testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryndis Yngvadottir
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Avgi Andreou
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laia Bassaganyas
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alexey Larionov
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Alex J Cornish
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Daniel Chubb
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Charlie N Saunders
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Philip S Smith
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Huairen Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Yasemin Cole
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Genomics England Research Consortium
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, Dawson Hall, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - James Larkin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
- Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, OX4 2PG, UK
| | - Samra Turajlic
- Department of Medical Oncology, Renal and Skin Units, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
- Melanoma and Kidney Cancer Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Department of Oncology, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O’Gorman Building, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Richard S Houlston
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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Borges Duarte D, Benido Silva V, Assunção G, Couto Carvalho A, Freitas C. Non-thyroidal second primary malignancy in papillary thyroid cancer patients. Eur Thyroid J 2022; 11:e220018. [PMID: 35900869 PMCID: PMC9346322 DOI: 10.1530/etj-22-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The occurrence of non-thyroidal second primary malignancy (NTSPM) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is well documented, but epidemiological data are conflicting. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of NTSPM in a large series of patients with PTC and to assess its potential risk factors. METHODS Single-center cohort study with retrospective data collection conducted on consecutive PTC patients diagnosed from 1988 to 2018 with a minimum follow-up time of 2 years. NTSPM was defined as any primary malignancy with histological confirmation occurring in an anatomical site other than the thyroid. According to the timing of occurrence, NTSPM were subdivided into anachronous, synchronous or metachronous (diagnosed >6 months before, within 6 months and >6 months after PTC diagnosis, respectively). RESULTS We included 773 individuals (83.3% females), median age at PTC diagnosis was 47.0 (IQR: 37.0-58.0) years and median follow-up time was 9.9 (6.2-16.3) years. Incidence of NTSPM was 15.5% (n = 120) and its standard incidence ratio (SIR) was higher when compared to the general population (SIR: 2.70). Family history of malignancy and younger age at diagnosis were associated respectively with 206 and 4% increased risk of developing metachronous neoplasia (HR: 2.06 (95% CI: 1.10-3.86) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.02-1.05), respectively). CONCLUSION In our series, the occurrence of NTSPM was not uncommon and its incidence was higher compared to the general population. First-degree family history of malignancy was a strong risk factor for multiple primary malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Borges Duarte
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Borges Duarte:
| | - Vânia Benido Silva
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Guilherme Assunção
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - André Couto Carvalho
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Freitas
- Division of Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An important fraction (>/~10%) of men with high-risk, localized prostate cancer and metastatic prostate cancer carry germline (heritable) pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (also known as mutations) in DNA repair genes. These can represent known or suspected autosomal dominant cancer predisposition syndromes. Growing evidence suggests that pathogenic variants in key genes involved in homologous recombination and mismatch DNA repair are important in prostate cancer initiation and/or the development of metastases. AIMS Here we provide a comprehensive review regarding individual genes and available literature regarding risks for developing prostate cancer, and discuss current national guidelines for germline genetic testing in the prostate cancer population and treatment implications. RESULTS The association with prostate cancer risk and treatment implications is best understood for those with germline mutations of BRCA2, with emerging data supporting associations with ATM, CHEK2, BRCA1, HOXB13, MSH2, MSH6, PALB2, TP53 and NBN. Treatment implications in the metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer setting include rucaparib and olaparib, and pembrolizumab with potential clinical trial opportunities in earlier disease settings. DISCUSSION The data summarized in this review has led to the expansion of national guidelines for germline genetic testing in prostate cancer. We review these guidelines, and discuss the importance of cascade genetic testing of relatives, diverse populations with attention to inclusion, as well as prostate cancer screening updates and clinical trial opportunities for men who carry genetic risk factors for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Heather H. Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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50
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Identifying General Tumor and Specific Lung Cancer Biomarkers by Transcriptomic Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071082. [PMID: 36101460 PMCID: PMC9313083 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The bioinformatic pipeline previously developed in our research laboratory is used to identify potential general and specific deregulated tumor genes and transcription factors related to the establishment and progression of tumoral diseases, now comparing lung cancer with other two types of cancer. Twenty microarray datasets were selected and analyzed separately to identify hub differentiated expressed genes and compared to identify all the deregulated genes and transcription factors in common between the three types of cancer and those unique to lung cancer. The winning DEGs analysis allowed to identify an important number of TFs deregulated in the majority of microarray datasets, which can become key biomarkers of general tumors and specific to lung cancer. A coexpression network was constructed for every dataset with all deregulated genes associated with lung cancer, according to DAVID’s tool enrichment analysis, and transcription factors capable of regulating them, according to oPOSSUM´s tool. Several genes and transcription factors are coexpressed in the networks, suggesting that they could be related to the establishment or progression of the tumoral pathology in any tissue and specifically in the lung. The comparison of the coexpression networks of lung cancer and other types of cancer allowed the identification of common connectivity patterns with deregulated genes and transcription factors correlated to important tumoral processes and signaling pathways that have not been studied yet to experimentally validate their role in lung cancer. The Kaplan–Meier estimator determined the association of thirteen deregulated top winning transcription factors with the survival of lung cancer patients. The coregulatory analysis identified two top winning transcription factors networks related to the regulatory control of gene expression in lung and breast cancer. Our transcriptomic analysis suggests that cancer has an important coregulatory network of transcription factors related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer. Moreover, lung cancer has a group of genes and transcription factors unique to pulmonary tissue that are coexpressed during tumorigenesis and must be studied experimentally to fully understand their role in the pathogenesis within its very complex transcriptomic scenario. Therefore, the downstream bioinformatic analysis developed was able to identify a coregulatory metafirm of cancer in general and specific to lung cancer taking into account the great heterogeneity of the tumoral process at cellular and population levels.
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