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Zhou T, Qian H, Zhang D, Fang W, Yao M, Shi H, Chen T, Chai C, Guo B. PGRN inhibits CD8 +T cell recruitment and promotes breast cancer progression by up-regulating ICAM-1 on TAM. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:76. [PMID: 38554213 PMCID: PMC10981592 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03655-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor microenvironment actually reduces antitumor effect against the immune attack by exclusion of CD8+T cells. Progranulin (PGRN) is a multifunctional growth factor with significant pathological effects in multiple tumors; however, its role in immunity evasion of breast cancer (BCa) is not completely understood. METHODS We depleted GRN (PGRN gene) genetically in mice or specifically in PY8119 murine BCa cell line, and mouse models of orthotopic or subcutaneous transplantation were used. Chimeric mice-deficient of PGRN (Grn-/-) in bone marrow (BM) compartment was also generated. Association of PGRN expression with chemokine production or BCa development was investigated by histological and immunological assays. RESULTS We found PGRN was involved in exhaustion of cytotoxic CD8+T cell in BCa with the increasing expressions of M2 markers and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on macrophages. Specifically, ablation of PGRN in PY8119 cells reduced tumor burden, accompanied by the infiltrating of cytotoxic CD8+T cells into tumor nests. Moreover, our result revealed that blockade of PD-1 in PGRN-depleted tumors exhibited better antitumor effect in vivo and significantly decreased tumor burden. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that inhibition of PGRN may act as a potential immune-therapeutic strategy by recovering infiltration of CD8+T cell in BCa tissue and thereby enhancing the response to anti-PD-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Fang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - MengLi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - He Shi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bianqin Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
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Liao Q, Zhang R, Ou Z, Ye Y, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Wang A, Chen T, Chai C, Guo B. TROP2 is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer CTCs and is a potential marker for epithelial mesenchymal CTCs. Mol Ther Oncol 2024; 32:200762. [PMID: 38596285 PMCID: PMC10869581 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the seeds of distant metastases of malignant tumors and are associated with malignancy and risk of metastasis. However, tumor cells undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) during metastasis, leading to the emergence of different types of CTCs. Real-time dynamic molecular and functional typing of CTCs is necessary to precisely guide personalized treatment. Most CTC detection systems are based on epithelial markers that may fail to detect EMT CTCs. Therefore, it is clinically important to identify new markers of different CTC types. In this study, bioinformatics analysis and experimental assays showed that trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2), a target molecule for advanced palliative treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), was highly expressed in TNBC tissues and tumor cells. Furthermore, TROP2 can promote the migration and invasion of TNBC cells by upregulating EMT markers. The specificity and potential of TROP2 as an EMT-associated marker of TNBC CTCs were evaluated by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, spiking experiments, and a well-established CTC assay. The results indicated that TROP2 is a potential novel CTC marker associated with EMT, providing a basis for more efficacious markers that encompass CTC heterogeneity in patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zuli Ou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Anqi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing100190, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bianqin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 40030, China
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3
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Yuan R, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Zhang R, Hu Z, Chai C, Chen T. GNPNAT1 is a potential biomarker correlated with immune infiltration and immunotherapy outcome in breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1152678. [PMID: 37215111 PMCID: PMC10195997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1152678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glucosamine 6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase (GNPNAT1) is a crucial enzyme involving hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and is upregulated in breast cancer (BRCA). However, its biological function and mechanism on patients in BRCA have not been investigated. Methods In this study, the differential expression of GNPNAT1 was analyzed between BRCA tissues and normal breast tissues using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, which was validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Then, the potential clinical value of GNPNAT1 in BRCA was investigated based on TCGA database. Functional enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes, Gene Set Variation Analysis, were performed to explore the potential signaling pathways and biological functions involved in GNPNAT1 in BRCA. Tumor immune infiltration was analyzed using ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT and TISIDB database; and immune therapy response scores were assessed using TIDE. Finally, Western blot, Cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assay were used to determine the proliferation and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells with GNPNAT1 knockdown. Results GNPNAT1 was up-regulated in BRCA tissues compared with normal tissues which was subsequently verified in different cell lines and clinical tissue samples. Based on TCGA and GEO, the overexpression of GNPNAT1 in BRCA contributed to a significant decline in overall survive and disease specific survive. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that the enriched pathways in high GNPNAT1 expression group included citrate cycle, N-glycan biosynthesis, DNA repair, and basal transcription factors. Moreover, the overexpression of GNPNAT1 was negatively correlated with immunotherapy response and the levels of immune cell infiltration of CD8+ T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. Knockdown of GNPNAT1 impairs the proliferation and invasion abilities of breast cancer cells. Conclusion GNPNAT1 is a potential diagnostic, prognostic biomarker and novel target for intervention in BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Yuan R, Wang Y, Zhang D, Zeng Q, Jiang W, Zhang R, Chen T, Chai C, Guo B. PDK1-stabilized LncRNA SPRY4-IT1 promotes breast cancer progression via activating NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Carcinog 2023. [PMID: 37042573 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) is a widely known glycolytic enzyme, and some evidence showed that PDK1 promoted breast cancer by multiple approaches. However, very few lncRNAs have been identified to be associated with PDK1 in breast cancer in previous research. In this study, we found that lncRNA sprouty4-intron transcript 1 (SPRY4-IT1) was regulated by PDK1 with correlation analysis, and PDK1 upregulated SPRY4-IT1 remarkably in breast cancer cells, as PDK1 interacted with SPRY4-IT1 in the nucleus and significantly enhanced the stability of SRPY4-IT1. Furthermore, SPRY4-IT1 was highly expressed in breast cancer, significantly promoted the proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of breast cancer cells. In terms of mechanism, SPRY4-IT1 inhibited the transcription of NFKBIA and the expression of IκBα, thus promoting the formation of p50/p65 complex and activating NF-κB signaling pathway, which facilitated survival of breast cancer cells. Therefore, our finding reveals that PDK1/SPRY4-IT1/NFKBIA axis plays a crucial role that promoting tumor progression, and SPRY4-IT1 knockdown incombined with PDK1 inhibitor is promising to be a new therapeutic strategy in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Renjie Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiqian Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bianqin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
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5
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Qian H, Fu Y, Guo M, Chen Y, Zhang D, Wei Y, Jin F, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Chai C, Ding S, Cheng W, Chen T. Dual Aptamers Engineering M1 Macrophage with Enhanced Specific Targeting and Checkpoint Blocking for Solid Tumor Immunotherapy. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2817-2827. [PMID: 35450820 PMCID: PMC9372320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) therapy has faced a series of challenges and shown very little efficacy in solid tumors to date. Although genetically engineered macrophages have achieved the definite therapeutic effect in solid tumors, heterogeneous expression of engineered proteins and potential for toxicity limit further applications. Herein, we proposed a nongenetic and simple macrophage cell engineering strategy through glycan metabolic labeling and click reaction for treatment of solid tumors. The aptamers-engineered M1 macrophage (ApEn-M1) showed enhanced active targeting ability for tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting in significantly cytotoxicity effect. Moreover, ApEn-M1 exhibited superior antitumor efficacy in breast cancer xenograft mouse model and lung metastasis mouse model of breast cancer. Interestingly, the ApEn-M1 could reprogram the immunity microenvironment by increasing the T cells infiltration and enhancing T cells activity in tumor region. Additionally, the administration of ApEn-M1 showed no obvious systemic side effects. With glycan metabolic labeling, the macrophages could be efficiently labeled with aptamers on the cell surface via click reaction without genetic alteration or cell damage. Hence, this study serves as a proof of concept for cell-surface anchor-engineering and expands the range of nongenetic macrophage cell engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Minkang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China.
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Jin F, Zeng Q, Qian H, Zhang D, Wei Y, Wang Y, Chai C, Cheng W, Ding S, Chen T. Dual-Targeted Self-Assembled DNA Hydrogels Decorated With Multivalent Aptamers Loaded With DOX for Anticancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:807498. [PMID: 35281887 PMCID: PMC8905714 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.807498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy, as one of the principal modalities for cancer therapy, is limited by its non-specific and inefficient delivery to tumors. To overcome these limitations, we report herein a dual-targeted aptamer-decorated DNA hydrogel system (DTA-H) to achieve efficient, stable, and targeted delivery of drugs. Firstly, DNA hydrogel was formed by the rolling circle amplification. By reasonable design, double target and multivalent aptamers were decorated on DNA hydrogel to load DOX. The results confirmed that DTA-H can deliver chemotherapy drugs and aptamer nucleic acids drugs to target cells, inducing degradation of HER2 protein while chemotherapy is synergistic to inhibit HER2-positive breast cancer growth. The proposed drug delivery system has significant potential to achieve efficient, stable, and targeted delivery of drugs and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Wang Y, Shi H, Zhang Y, Zeng Q, Chen T, Chai C. Identification of Differentially Expressed Hub Genes Associated With Immune Cell Recruitment in Claudin-Low Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848206. [PMID: 35359417 PMCID: PMC8963482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) is the most common malignancy in women and claudin-low breast cancer (CL-BCa) is a newly identified BCa subtype characterized by low expression of claudin 3&4&7. However, the hub genes associated with the recruitment of immune cells into CL-BCa were rarely described. This study aimed at exploring the differentially expressed hub genes associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in CL-BCa by a multi-approach bioinformatics analysis. The top 200 genes associated with CL-BCa were screened in the METABRIC dataset; the PPI network was constructed using STRING and Cytoscape; tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed by TIMER 2.0; and the correlation of feature cytokines and claudins on survival was examined in METABRIC and TCGA datasets. Consequently, we found that the fraction of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially CD8+T cells and macrophages, increased in the CL-BCa. Differentially expressed cytokines (CCL5, CCL19, CXCL9 and CXCL10) and claudins (CLDN8, CLDN11 and CLDN19) were related to the overall survival, and their expression levels were also examined both in tumor tissues of CL-BCa patients by IHC and in typical CL-BCa cell lines by qPCR. Finally, the BCa patients with high expression of these DEGs (CCL5, CCL19, CXCL9, CLDN8 and CLDN11) showed a better overall survival. This study sheds light on molecular features of CL-BCa on immune microenvironments and contributes to identification of prognosis biomarkers for the CL-BCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Qian H, Zhou T, Fu Y, Guo M, Yang W, Zhang D, Fang W, Yao M, Shi H, Chai C, Cheng W, Ding S, Chen T. Self-assembled tetrahedral framework nucleic acid mediates tumor-associated macrophage reprogramming and restores antitumor immunity. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2022; 27:763-773. [PMID: 35116188 PMCID: PMC8783116 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in depleting or repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) to generate a proinflammatory effect. However, TAMs usually display an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype in the tumor microenvironment. Apparently, developing a macrophage-targeting delivery system with immunomodulatory agents is urgent. In this study, an efficient siRNA and CpG ODNs delivery system (CpG-siRNA-tFNA) was prepared with nucleic acid stepwise self-assembled. The tFNA composed of CpG ODNs and siRNA showed a higher stability and an enhanced cellular uptake efficiency. Moreover, the CpG-siRNA-tFNA effectively reprogrammed TAMs toward M1 phenotype polarization with increased proinflammatory cytokine secretion and NF-κB signal pathway activation, which triggers dramatic antitumor immune responses. Additionally, the CpG-siRNA-tFNA exhibited superior antitumor efficacy in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model without obvious systemic side effects. Taken together, CpG-siRNA-tFNA displayed greatly antitumor effect by facilitating TAM polarization toward M1 phenotypes in favor of immunotherapy. Hence, we have developed an efficient therapeutic strategy with immunomodulatory agents for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yixin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Minkang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wenli Fang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Mengli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - He Shi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cheng
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical Detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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9
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Wu G, Wang H, Zhao C, Cao C, Chai C, Huang L, Guo Y, Gong Z, Tirschwell D, Zhu C, Xia S. Large Culprit Plaque and More Intracranial Plaques Are Associated with Recurrent Stroke: A Case-Control Study Using Vessel Wall Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:207-215. [PMID: 35058299 PMCID: PMC8985671 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Intracranial atherosclerotic plaque features are potential factors associated with recurrent stroke, but previous studies only focused on a single lesion, and few studies investigated them with perfusion impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association among whole-brain plaque features, perfusion deficit, and stroke recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with ischemic stroke due to intracranial atherosclerosis were retrospectively collected and categorized into first-time and recurrent-stroke groups. Patients underwent high-resolution vessel wall imaging and DSC-PWI. Intracranial plaque number, culprit plaque features (such as plaque volume/burden, degree of stenosis, enhancement ratio), and perfusion deficit variables were recorded. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent factors associated with recurrent stroke. RESULTS One hundred seventy-five patients (mean age, 59 [SD, 12] years; 115 men) were included. Compared with the first-time stroke group (n = 100), the recurrent-stroke group (n = 75) had a larger culprit volume (P = .006) and showed more intracranial plaques (P < .001) and more enhanced plaques (P = .003). After we adjusted for other factors, culprit plaque volume (OR, 1.16 per 10-mm3 increase; 95% CI, 1.03-1.30; P = .015) and total plaque number (OR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.13-1.52; P < .001) were independently associated with recurrent stroke. Combining these factors increased the area under the curve to 0.71. CONCLUSIONS Large culprit plaque and more intracranial plaques were independently associated with recurrent stroke. Performing whole-brain vessel wall imaging may help identify patients with a higher risk of recurrent stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Wu
- From The School of Medicine (G.W., H.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - H. Wang
- From The School of Medicine (G.W., H.W.), Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - C. Zhao
- Department of Radiology (C. Zhao), First Central Clinical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - C. Cao
- Department of Radiology (C. Cao), Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - C. Chai
- Department of Radiology (C. Chai, L.H., Y.G., S.X.)
| | - L. Huang
- Department of Radiology (C. Chai, L.H., Y.G., S.X.)
| | - Y. Guo
- Department of Radiology (C. Chai, L.H., Y.G., S.X.)
| | - Z. Gong
- Neurology (Z.G.), Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - C. Zhu
- Radiology (C. Zhu), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - S. Xia
- Department of Radiology (C. Chai, L.H., Y.G., S.X.)
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10
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Zeng Q, Jin F, Qian H, Chen H, Wang Y, Zhang D, Wei Y, Chen T, Guo B, Chai C. The miR-345-3p/PPP2CA signaling axis promotes proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 43:150-159. [PMID: 34922339 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Functional studies have demonstrated that miRNA dysregulation in many cases of cancer, in which miRNAs acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor. Here we report that miR-345-3p is generally upregulated in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Overexpression and inhibition of miR-345-3p revealed its capacity in regulating proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Further research identified protein phosphatase 2 catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA), a suppressor of AKT phosphorylation, as a candidate target of miR-345-3p. In vitro, miR-345-3p mimics promoted AKT phosphorylation by targeting its negative regulator, PPP2CA. Blocking miR-345-3p relieves its inhibition of PPP2CA, which attenuated PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. In vivo, inhibiting miR-345-3p with miR-345-3p-inhibition lentivirus suppressed tumor growth and invasiveness in mice. Together, the miR-345-3p/PPP2CA signaling axis exhibits tumor promoting functions by regulating proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. These data provide a clue to novel therapeutic approaches for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Bianqin Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
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11
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Fang W, Zhou T, Shi H, Yao M, Zhang D, Qian H, Zeng Q, Wang Y, Jin F, Chai C, Chen T. Progranulin induces immune escape in breast cancer via up-regulating PD-L1 expression on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and promoting CD8 + T cell exclusion. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:4. [PMID: 33390170 PMCID: PMC7780622 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Progranulin (PGRN), as a multifunctional growth factor, is overexpressed in multiple tumors, but the role of PGRN on tumor immunity is still unclear. Here, we studied the effect of PGRN on breast cancer tumor immunity and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods The changes of macrophage phenotypes after PGRN treatment were detected by western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry. Western blot was used to study the signal molecular mechanism of PGRN regulating this process. The number and localization of immune cells in Wild-type (WT) and PGRN−/− breast cancer tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence techniques. The activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry. Results After being treated with PGRN, the expressions of M2 markers and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on macrophages increased significantly. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway inhibitor Stattic significantly inhibited the expression of PD-L1 and M2 related markers induced by PGRN. In WT group, CD8 were co-localized with macrophages and PD-L1, but not tumor cells. The number of immune cells in PGRN−/− breast cancer tissue increased, and their infiltration into tumor parenchyma was also enhanced. Moreover, in the co-culture system, WT peritoneal macrophages not only reduced the ratio of activated CD8+ T cells but also reduced the proportion of proliferating CD8+ T cells. The addition of programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) and PD-L1 neutralizing antibodies effectively reversed this effect and restored the immune function of CD8+ T cells. Conclusion These results demonstrate that PGRN promotes M2 polarization and PD-L1 expression by activating the STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, through PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, PGRN can promote the breast tumor immune escape. Our research may provide new ideas and targets for clinical breast cancer immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01786-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Fang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - He Shi
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengli Yao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Dian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Husun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yange Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangfang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Chai C, Wu H, Wang B, Eisenstat DD, Leng RP. MicroRNA-498 promotes proliferation and migration by targeting the tumor suppressor PTEN in breast cancer cells. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1185-1196. [PMID: 29985991 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) plays an important role in cell proliferation and cell migration by negatively regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. PTEN is downregulated by microRNAs in multiple cancers. However, few microRNAs have been reported to directly target PTEN in TNBC. In this study, microRNAs predicted to target PTEN were screened by immunoblotting and luciferase reporter assays. Expression levels of microRNA-498 (miR-498) were measured by TaqMan microRNA assays. We performed clonogenic, cell cycle and scratch wound assays to examine the oncogenic role of miR-498. We demonstrated that miR-498 directly targeted the 3'untranslated region of PTEN mRNA and reduced PTEN protein levels in TNBC cells. Compared with the non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A, TNBC cell lines overexpressed miR-498. Moreover, miR-498 promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in TNBC cells in a PTEN-dependent manner. Suppressing miR-498 overexpression impaired the oncogenic effects of miR-498 on cell proliferation and cell migration. This study identified a novel microRNA (miR-498) overexpressed in TNBC cells and its oncogenic role in suppressing PTEN. These results provide new insight into the downregulation of PTEN and indicate a potential therapeutic target for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengsen Chai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benfan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University Ave., University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger P Leng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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13
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Liam C, Ho G, Chai C, Bt Alip A, Pang Y. P3.13-15 First-Line Afatinib Dose Initiation and Adjustment in Patients with EGFR Mutant Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Liam C, Ho G, Chai C, Bt Alip A, Pang Y. P3.15-21 Real-World Experience of First-Line Afatinib Treatment in Patients with EGFR Mutant Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Liam C, Ho G, Chai C, Bt Alip A, Pang Y. P1.15-15 Real-world Experience with Afatinib after Failure of First-Generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Li Q, Wang B, Yang L, Peng C, Ma L, Chai C. Assessment of adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin as predictors of mortality in septic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Shi X, Wong YD, Li MZF, Chai C. Key risk indicators for accident assessment conditioned on pre-crash vehicle trajectory. Accid Anal Prev 2018; 117:346-356. [PMID: 29772388 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accident events are generally unexpected and occur rarely. Pre-accident risk assessment by surrogate indicators is an effective way to identify risk levels and thus boost accident prediction. Herein, the concept of Key Risk Indicator (KRI) is proposed, which assesses risk exposures using hybrid indicators. Seven metrics are shortlisted as the basic indicators in KRI, with evaluation in terms of risk behaviour, risk avoidance, and risk margin. A typical real-world chain-collision accident and its antecedent (pre-crash) road traffic movements are retrieved from surveillance video footage, and a grid remapping method is proposed for data extraction and coordinates transformation. To investigate the feasibility of each indicator in risk assessment, a temporal-spatial case-control is designed. By comparison, Time Integrated Time-to-collision (TIT) performs better in identifying pre-accident risk conditions; while Crash Potential Index (CPI) is helpful in further picking out the severest ones (the near-accident). Based on TIT and CPI, the expressions of KRIs are developed, which enable us to evaluate risk severity with three levels, as well as the likelihood. KRI-based risk assessment also reveals predictive insights about a potential accident, including at-risk vehicles, locations and time. Furthermore, straightforward thresholds are defined flexibly in KRIs, since the impact of different threshold values is found not to be very critical. For better validation, another independent real-world accident sample is examined, and the two results are in close agreement. Hierarchical indicators such as KRIs offer new insights about pre-accident risk exposures, which is helpful for accident assessment and prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Shi
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Y D Wong
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - M Z F Li
- Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - C Chai
- College of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, 201804, China.
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18
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Chai C, Song LJ, Yang B, Han SY, Li XQ, Li M. Circulating miR-199a-3p in plasma and its potential diagnostic and prognostic value in glioma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:4885-4890. [PMID: 27981547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to examine the possibility of using plasma miR-199a-3p as a biomarker for glioma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Plasma miR-199a-3p expression glioma patients and normal healthy controls were quantified by Quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Then, the associations of serum miR-199a-3p level with clinicopathological factors or survival of glioma patients were further evaluated. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to validate the diagnostic value of miR-199a-3p. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were finally performed to analyze the independent factors for overall survival. RESULTS The qRT-PCR results showed that the miR-199a-3p expression was significantly downregulated in glioma tissues compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues (p<0.01). Furthermore, plasma miR-199a-3p level was significantly lower in glioma patients when compared with healthy controls (p<0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that plasma miR-199a-3p was a useful marker for discriminating cases from healthy controls, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.8466 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.772 to 0.9211, p<0.001). Moreover, miR-199a-3p expression was associated with various clinicopathological parameters, including WHO grade (p=0.001) and KPS score (p=0.008). We found that glioma patients with low miR-199a-3p expression level had distinctly shorter overall survival than patients with high miR-199a-3p expression level (p=0.0067). Univariate and multivariate analysis suggested that miR-199a-3p expression was an independent predictor of poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicated that the circulating miR-199a-3p could be used as a promising novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.
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19
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Ding J, Chai C, Pui A, Ho B. Expression of full length and deletion homologues of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda Factor C in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: immunoreactivity and endotoxin binding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/096805199700400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Deletion homologues of the cloned Factor C cDNAs from the horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda were engineered to express in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under the regulation of a galactose-inducible promoter. Expression cassettes were constructed in the vectors: pEMBLyex4 and YEpsec1 to direct, respectively, the intracellular expression, and the secretion of the protein into the culture medium using a heterologous signal sequence. The effect of insert size on the efficiency of expression and the functionality of the resulting recombinant Factor C (rFC) were studied by creating expression constructs bearing various deletion and/or hybrid fragments of Factor C. Removal of the long 5' UTR from the Factor C cDNA improved expression of the rFC. 3' Deletions of up to 84%, or internal deletions of 65% of the Factor C cDNA resulted in either the lack of detectable amounts of Factor C or loss of immunoreactivity. Depending on the construct, full length or partial rFC-related proteins were correspondingly expressed intracellularly, regardless of the vector. The rFC partitioned with the insoluble cell fraction, was solubilised with either SDS or Triton X-100, and found to be immunoreactive. The rFCs were functionally active, being able to bind Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin, provided critical regions of the endotoxin-binding domain were preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.L. Ding
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory and BioScience Centre,
| | - C. Chai
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - A.W.M. Pui
- Marine Biotechnology Laboratory and BioScience Centre
| | - B. Ho
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Chai
- Ph.D. Candidate, Center for Infrastructure Systems, Nanyang Technological Univ., 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore (corresponding author)
| | - Y. D. Wong
- Associate Professor, Center Director, Center for Infrastructure Systems, Nanyang Technological Univ., 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study applies a simulation technique to evaluate the hypothesis that red light cameras (RLCs) exert important effects on accident risks. Conflict occurrences are generated by simulation and compared at intersections with and without RLCs to assess the impact of RLCs on several conflict types under various traffic conditions. METHOD Conflict occurrences are generated through simulating vehicular interactions based on an improved cellular automata (CA) model. The CA model is calibrated and validated against field observations at approaches with and without RLCs. Simulation experiments are conducted for RLC and non-RLC intersections with different geometric layouts and traffic demands to generate conflict occurrences that are analyzed to evaluate the hypothesis that RLCs exert important effects on road safety. RESULTS The comparison of simulated conflict occurrences show favorable safety impacts of RLCs on crossing conflicts and unfavorable impacts for rear-end conflicts during red/amber phases. Corroborative results are found from broad analysis of accident occurrence. CONCLUSIONS RLCs are found to have a mixed effect on accident risk at signalized intersections: crossing collisions are reduced, whereas rear-end collisions may increase. The specially developed CA model is found to be a feasible safety assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- a Centre for Infrastructure Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , Singapore
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22
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Chai C, Wong YD. Micro-simulation of vehicle conflicts involving right-turn vehicles at signalized intersections based on cellular automata. Accid Anal Prev 2014; 63:94-103. [PMID: 24275720 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
At intersection, vehicles coming from different directions conflict with each other. Improper geometric design and signal settings at signalized intersection will increase occurrence of conflicts between road users and results in a reduction of the safety level. This study established a cellular automata (CA) model to simulate vehicular interactions involving right-turn vehicles (as similar to left-turn vehicles in US). Through various simulation scenarios for four case cross-intersections, the relationships between conflict occurrences involving right-turn vehicles with traffic volume and right-turn movement control strategies are analyzed. Impacts of traffic volume, permissive right-turn compared to red-amber-green (RAG) arrow, shared straight-through and right-turn lane as well as signal setting are estimated from simulation results. The simulation model is found to be able to provide reasonable assessment of conflicts through comparison of existed simulation approach and observed accidents. Through the proposed approach, prediction models for occurrences and severity of vehicle conflicts can be developed for various geometric layouts and traffic control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Centre for Infrastructure Systems, Nanyang Technological University, 40 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Y D Wong
- Centre for Infrastructure Systems, Nanyang Technological University, 40 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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23
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Huang M, Lian S, Wu H, Chai C. Effects of zinc supplementation on the radiation-induced damage in mouse intestine. Acta Alimentaria 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/aalim.42.2013.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Huang W, He T, Chai C, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Zhou P, Qiao X, Zhang B, Liu Z, Wang J, Shi C, Lei L, Gao K, Li H, Zhong S, Yao L, Huang ME, Lei M. Triptolide inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells and down-regulates SUMO-specific protease 1 expression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37693. [PMID: 22666381 PMCID: PMC3364364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, traditional Chinese medicine and medicinal herbs have attracted more attentions worldwide for its anti-tumor efficacy. Celastrol and Triptolide, two active components extracted from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (known as Lei Gong Teng or Thunder of God Vine), have shown anti-tumor effects. Celastrol was identified as a natural 26 s proteasome inhibitor which promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits tumor growth. The effect and mechanism of Triptolide on prostate cancer (PCa) is not well studied. Here we demonstrated that Triptolide, more potent than Celastrol, inhibited cell growth and induced cell death in LNCaP and PC-3 cell lines. Triptolide also significantly inhibited the xenografted PC-3 tumor growth in nude mice. Moreover, Triptolide induced PCa cell apoptosis through caspases activation and PARP cleavage. Unbalance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation was reported to play an important role in PCa progression. SUMO-specific protease 1 (SENP1) was thought to be a potential marker and therapeutical target of PCa. Importantly, we observed that Triptolide down-regulated SENP1 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in dose-dependent and time-dependent manners, resulting in an enhanced cellular SUMOylation in PCa cells. Meanwhile, Triptolide decreased AR and c-Jun expression at similar manners, and suppressed AR and c-Jun transcription activity. Furthermore, knockdown or ectopic SENP1, c-Jun and AR expression in PCa cells inhibited the Triptolide anti-PCa effects. Taken together, our data suggest that Triptolide is a natural compound with potential therapeutic value for PCa. Its anti-tumor activity may be attributed to mechanisms involving down-regulation of SENP1 that restores SUMOylation and deSUMOyaltion balance and negative regulation of AR and c-Jun expression that inhibits the AR and c-Jun mediated transcription in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian He
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- UMR3348 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Chengsen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhong Shi
- State Key laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Lei
- Xi'an San-Yao Bio-pharmaceutical Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hewei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sue Zhong
- Xi'an San-Yao Bio-pharmaceutical Corporation, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Libo Yao
- State Key laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- UMR3348 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Sud 11, Orsay, France
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Liu WQ, Chai C, Li XY, Yuan WJ, Wang WZ, Lu Y. The cardiovascular effects of central hydrogen sulfide are related to K(ATP) channels activation. Physiol Res 2011; 60:729-38. [PMID: 21812514 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), an endogenous "gasotransmitter", exists in the central nervous system. However, the central cardiovascular effects of endogenous H(2)S are not fully determined. The present study was designed to investigate the central cardiovascular effects and its possible mechanism in anesthetized rats. Intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of NaHS (0.17~17 microg) produced a significant and dose-dependent decrease in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) (P < 0.05) compared to control. The higher dose of NaHS (17 microg, n = 6) decreased BP and HR quickly of rats and 2 of them died of respiratory paralyse. Icv injection of the cystathionine beta-synthetase (CBS) activator s-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM, 26 microg) also produced a significant hypotension and bradycardia, which were similar to the results of icv injection of NaHS. Furthermore, the hypotension and bradycardia induced by icv NaHS were effectively attenuated by pretreatment with the K(ATP) channel blocker glibenclamide but not with the CBS inhibitor hydroxylamine. The present study suggests that icv injection of NaHS produces hypotension and bradycardia, which is dependent on the K(ATP) channel activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Q Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, San Ai Tang Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Wang AQ, Guo LX, Chai C. Fast numerical method for electromagnetic scattering from an object above a large-scale layered rough surface at large incident angle: vertical polarization. Appl Opt 2011; 50:500-508. [PMID: 21283241 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.000500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A fast numerical method has been proposed in this paper for calculating the electromagnetic scattering from a perfectly electric conducting object above a two-layered dielectric rough surface. The focus in this study is large incidence. The parallel fast multipole method is combined with the method of moments for fast implementation of the scattering from this composite model. The biconjugate gradient method is adopted to solve the unsymmetrical matrix equation and parallelized. The simulating time and parallel speedup ratio with different processors are provided. Several numerical results are shown and analyzed to discuss the influences of the parameters of the rough surface, the object, and the intermediate medium on the bistatic scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Q Wang
- School of Science, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Li W, Wu W, Wei Y, Chai C, Li C, Huang C. MP-5.21: Overexpression of HER-2 is a Prognostic Factor in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Post-Radical Nephroureterectomy. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Liu J, Qu K, Chai C, Li H, Sferruzza A, Bender RA. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection of SYT-SSX translocation in synovial sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.9553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9553 Background: Synovial sarcoma is the most common non-rhabdomyosarcomatous soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. A specific translocation, t(X;18), induces fusion of the SYT gene on chromosome 18 to an SSX gene on chromosome X. The resulting fusion gene consists of at least 2 subtypes with different breakpoints: SYT-SSX1(X;18)(p11.23;q11.2) and SYT-SSX2 (X;18)(p11.21;q11.2). Because t(X;18) transcripts occur in >90% of synovial sarcoma subtypes, this marker may be useful for diagnosis. We evaluated the accuracy of a multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for detection of the primary SYT-SSX fusion transcript types in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and frozen tissues. Methods: 17 tumors (7 synovial sarcomas, 4 Ewing’s sarcomas, 5 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 small round blue-cell tumor), 4 normal tissues, and 4 control samples were tested for SYT-SSX translocations using real-time RT-PCR. Results were compared to those obtained with gel electrophoresis detection of amplified transcripts; discrepant results were confirmed by sequencing. Results: Concordance between real time RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis was 100% (25/25) for internal control genes and SYT-SSX1, and 92% (23/25) for SYT-SSX2. Of the 2 samples with discordant SYT-SSX2 results, 1 was positive by real-time RT-PCR but not gel electrophoresis and 1 was positive by electrophoresis but not real-time RT-PCR; in both cases, DNA sequencing confirmed the real-time RT-PCR results. The minimum percentage of tumor to normal cells required for detection of SYT-SSX fusion transcripts by real-time RT-PCR was 6.25%. Conclusions: This real-time RT-PCR assay appears to provide greater accuracy than gel electrophoresis for identification of SYT-SSX translocation and fusion types. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Liu
- Quest Diagnostics Inc, San Juan Capistrano, CA
| | - K. Qu
- Quest Diagnostics Inc, San Juan Capistrano, CA
| | - C. Chai
- Quest Diagnostics Inc, San Juan Capistrano, CA
| | - H. Li
- Quest Diagnostics Inc, San Juan Capistrano, CA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To increase cytodiagnostic accuracy for women with spontaneous nipple discharge using a simple intraductal aspiration method. STUDY DESIGN We compared the cytodiagnostic accuracy of the conventional squeezing collection method and intraductal aspiration by intravenous catheter in a total of 146 women with spontaneous nipple discharge in a single duct without a mass; they had been pathologically identified at Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. RESULTS Adequate specimens were collected in 96.6% (141/146 cases) of the sample by the intraductal aspiration method as compared to 76.0% collected by the conventional squeezing method (P < .05). An adequate specimen should consist, at a minimum, of six cohesive clusters of well-preserved epithelial cells, with each cluster composed of at least five cells other than foam cells. The cytologic diagnosis was divided into five categories: positive in 9 cases, suspicious in 10, negative with atypical findings in 59, negative in 33 and inadequate specimens in 35 cases that employed the squeezing method. These results were less satisfactory than with the intraductal aspiration method: the smears were positive in 17 cases, suspicious in 14, negative with atypical findings in 78, negative in 32 and inadequate specimens in 5. Our results showed a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 93.9% for the intraductal aspiration method as compared to a sensitivity of 52.9% and specificity of 89.3% for the squeezing method. Among the 27 cancers in this series, correct cytodiagnosis, including suspicious cases, was made in 24 cases by intraductal aspiration, with an accuracy of 88.9%, as compared to the 33.3% (9/27) accuracy of the squeezing method (P < 0.5). CONCLUSION For patients with spontaneous nipple discharge, the intraductal aspiration method provides much more accurate cytodiagnosis than does the conventional squeezing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hou
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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Chai C, Blackington E. Colorectal cancer. Prevention through nutrition counseling. Adv Nurse Pract 2000; 8:34-9; quiz 40-1. [PMID: 11146946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Boston University Student Health Services, Boston, USA
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Abstract
The Ftz-F1 genes encode orphan receptors of the nuclear receptor superfamily. The mammalian Ftz-F1 homologue, SF-1, has been found to be essential for the proper development of the adrenal-gonadal axis and it also plays a critical role in mammalian sex-determination. We report here the isolation and characterisation of a novel zebrafish Ftz-F1 gene, ff1b. Whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed onset of expression in the developing rostral diencephalon at 22 h post-fertilization (h.p.f.). Later, at 30 h.p.f., transcripts could be detected in the anterior regions of the pancreatic anlagen. Expression in both locations peaks at 36 h.p.f. and disappears at around 48 h.p.f.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Laboratory of Fish Biology, Institute of Molecular Agrobiology, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
The distribution and chemical species of iodine in various subcellular fractions of human liver were studied by using epithermal neutron activation analysis combined with chemical and biochemical separation techniques, such as gradient centrifugation and gel chromatography. It was found that the total iodine content orders in various subcellular fractions is as follows: nuclei > cytosol > mitochondria > lysosome > microsome. In the lysosomal fraction, iodine is mainly bound to macromolecules, whereas in the nuclei and mitochondrial fractions, mainly with lower-molecular-weight organic compounds. In the cytosol fraction, iodine is combined with three proteins, in which iodine is chiefly bound with mid- and high-molecular-weight proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hou
- Institute of High Energy Physics and Nuclear Analysis Techniques Laboratory, Academia Sinica, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
In cases of solid organ or bone marrow transplantation, up to 2 to 10% of patients may develop lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD), often induced by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Despite a morphology mimicking malignant lymphoma, in some cases the lesions will disappear completely after the degree of immunosuppression is lowered. Lately, similar processes have been described in non-transplant, immunosuppressed patients. A SNOMED search was performed on the database of three hospitals between 1990 and 1997, to identify patients with immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative disorders (IR-LPD) involving primarily the skin. Two patients were identified. One was 2 years after kidney transplantation, and the other was being treated with methotrexate for dermatomyositis. In both biopsies, there was a diffuse perivascular proliferation of large lymphocytes with ample cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei, associated with extensive dermal and subcutaneous necrosis. Immunohistochemical studies revealed expression of CD20, CD45RO, CD43, CD30, EBV-LMP1, and EBV-NA2 by the atypical lymphocytes in both cases and, in one case, of the EBV-transcriptional replication activation protein. In both cases the lesions completely disappeared and have not recurred. Primary involvement of the skin by IR-LPD is very rare. Based on our results, it is possible that some of these cases in the skin contain EBV and co-express CD30 and T- and B-cell markers. The diagnosis of IR-LPD should be considered in cutaneous lymphoid proliferations in immunosuppressed patients. Before rendering an unequivocal diagnosis of malignant lymphoma, reduction of immunosuppression and follow-up of 4-8 weeks should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenic sarcoma (OGS) is a relatively rare, highly malignant neoplasm of bone with a tendency to metastasize to the lung. Resection of pulmonary metastases in selected instances can increase survival and likelihood of a cure. To date, fine needle aspiration (FNA) of OGS had been well characterized in primary sites of bone and soft tissue. CASES Four patients with a history of OGS presented with lung nodules suspected to be metastatic disease. All were evaluated initially by radiographically assisted FNA. In all cases FNA showed spindled or osteoblastlike cells. Two cases demonstrated stromal elements: chondroid or osteoid matrix in one case each of chondroblastic and conventional OGS. All four cases had histologic confirmation of metastatic OGS in the form of subsequent surgical resection of the lung nodules. CONCLUSION New pulmonary nodules in a patient with known malignancy is almost always metastatic disease. In a patient with a history of OGS, the diagnosis is extremely likely to be metastatic OGS, but a few other entities may occur. Although these entities are rare, their occasional occurrence could argue for preoperative confirmation of the lung lesion as malignant prior to subjecting the patient to pulmonary resection. Our findings show FNA features of OGS that have been previously observed in primary sites. These findings are specific enough to diagnose metastases if the patient has known primary OGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Dodd
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Chai C, Dodd LG, Glasgow BJ, Layfield LJ. Salivary gland lesions with a prominent lymphoid component: cytologic findings and differential diagnosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Diagn Cytopathol 1997; 17:183-90. [PMID: 9285189 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0339(199709)17:3<183::aid-dc3>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is an accepted technique for the preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland nodules. The majority of salivary gland nodules are pleomorphic adenomas and offer little difficulty in diagnosis. Most diagnostically difficult lesions fall into one of four morphologic categories represented by squamous-cell-containing lesions, clear cell neoplasms, neoplasms with a prominence of stromal material, and lymphocyte-containing lesions. Herein, we describe our experience with a series of 61 histologically confirmed cases in which the smears contained a prominent or predominant number of lymphocytes. The differential diagnosis is discussed and points of diagnostic aid enumerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Abstract
The contents of bromine and iodine in samples of heart, liver, spleen, lung, muscle, and hair from healthy adults living in Beijing, China, were determined using epithermal neutron activation analysis. The results indicate that the contents of bromine in lung and iodine in liver are higher than those in other tissues, except human hair. The bromine contents in Beijing human tissues are significantly lower than those in other countries. The contents of iodine are slightly lower than those in other countries, but the difference is not significant. Three biological standard reference materials were simultaneously determined with the samples, and our results agree well with the certified values.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, P.R. China
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Abstract
In this work, China was divided into four area groups according to their geographical positions and dietary habits. All foods were divided into 12 types and the iodine contents in various diets were determined using epithermal neutron activation analysis (NAA). The intakes for China were evaluated. The results indicate that the intakes of iodine in northern areas are slightly higher and in south areas lower than the lowest recommended intake, and the average intake in China is 166 micrograms/person per day, which is within the recommended range. In addition, one province were chosen from each area groups. The dietary intakes of iodine were investigated in different ages and sex using total mixed diet method. Our results indicate that the average iodine intake of four provinces was lower than the recommended value, which suggests that it is necessary to supplement iodine in foods in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hou
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Roopashree SD, Chai C, Ho B, Ding JL. Expression of Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda factor C cDNA. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1995; 35:841-849. [PMID: 7627133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The cDNA encoding Factor C (FC) from the Singaporean horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda has been studied for in vitro coupled transcription-translation (TnT) under the T7 promoter. Two species of full length cDNA, CrFC26 and CrFC21 which differ in length and nucleotide sequence at their 5' untranslated regions (UTR) were used in this study. Wild type CrFC26 with a long 5' UTR containing multiple "false" ATGs failed to generate a translated product. With a more accessible ATG codon in CrFC21, the recombinant construct gave a high yield of FC when transcribed and translated in vitro. CrFC26 deletion mutants which lack the entire 5' UTR and portions of the putative leader peptide were translatable, albeit at lower efficiency as compared to CrFC21. In vitro and in vivo expression of truncated portions of the CrFC21-T7 gene 10 fusions have been compared. In vitro reactions yielded single gene products from each of the expression constructs whereas E. coli produced three major immunoreactive bands of FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Roopashree
- Department of Zoology, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge Crescent
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Abstract
The measurement of carbamazepine (CBZ) in samples from the emergency room (ER) raises several issues for drug monitoring. First, the ER frequently requires rapid turnaround time for clinical samples; this need may be more conveniently met by automated immunoassays than by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the other major analytical technique for measurement of carbamazepine. On the other hand, immunoassays often do not completely measure the pharmacologically active carbamazepine epoxide metabolite and therefore may not indicate the full extent of serum anticonvulsant activity. Second, patients may be admitted to the ER specifically because of seizure activity, which may be an indication of under- or overmedication with carbamazepine and which, if due in large part to high levels of the epoxide metabolite, may not be fully assessed by immunoassay. We examined the results of carbamazepine determination in 102 consecutive samples sent from an ER. Each sample was analyzed by a fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) and by HPLC. There were good correlations between the FPIA and the HPLC for the parent drug and for the sum of the parent drug plus metabolite (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, CBZ-E) with these regression equations: FPIA = 1.13 (HPLC CBZ) + 0.09 (r2 = 0.93) and FPIA = 0.93 (HPLC CBZ+CBZ-E)-0.55 (r2 = 0.89), respectively. There were weak correlations between the FPIA and the epoxide and between the parent drug and the epoxide. Based on the FPIA and HPLC results, we classified each value relative to the therapeutic range, i.e., supratherapeutic, subtherapeutic, or therapeutic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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Chai C, Feng W, Qian Q, Guan M, Li X, Lu Y, Zhang X. Total and methyl mercury levels in human scalp hairs of typical populations in China by NAA, GC(EC), and other techniques. Biol Trace Elem Res 1994; 43-45:423-33. [PMID: 7710857 DOI: 10.1007/bf02917344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The contents of total and methyl mercury in scalp hair samples of 1179 fishermen living in a typical Hg-polluted region in northeast China and 27 lying-in women and their newborns in Beijing have been determined by INAA, GC(EC), and other techniques. Only 18 of all fishermen had Hg contents above 5 micrograms/g, which indicates that the Hg pollution there has been substantially alleviated. The longitudinal Hg patterns of the lying-in women showed a gradually lowering tendency during pregnant period. Further, the Hg contents of the newborn babies generally were above or close to those of their mothers, confirming the mechanism that the methyl Hg, an organic species of Hg with high toxicity, is readily able to penetrate the placental barrier and to accumulate in the fetus. Thus, the mercury poison has occurred at the early stage of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
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Abstract
The neutron activation analysis, gamma coincidence spectroscopy, nondispersive hydrogen flame atomic fluorescence spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectrometry were used to study the low-selenium environment of the Exi Autonomous Prefecture, a well-known Keshan disease region. The Se contents in the soil samples there range from 0.075-0.18 mg/kg with the average of 0.13 mg/kg, whereas in the maize from 0.001-0.018 mg/kg with the average of 0.0099 mg/kg. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of the soil indicates an anoxic environment. In addition to the FE3+ species the compounds containing low-valence iron e.g., goethite, and so forth, also exist. The rare earth element (REE) pattern obtained by NAA further confirms the reductive soil environment, which causes the selenium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chai
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China
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Turner A, Woodcock J, Ozsan M, Summers J, Barker J, Binns S, Buchanan K, Chai C, Dennison S, Hart R, Johnson D, Marshall R, Oktik S, Patterson M, Perks R, Roberts S, Sadeghi M, Sherborne J, Szubert J, Webster S. Stable, high efficiency thin film solar cells produced by electrodeposition of cadmium telluride. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-1633(91)90145-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Prusoff WH, Ward DC, Lin TS, Chen MS, Shaiu GT, Chai C, Lentz E, Capizzi R, Idriss J, Ruddle NH, Black FL, Kumari HL, Albert D, Bhatt PN. Recent studies on the antiviral and biochemical properties of 5-halo-5'-amino-deoxyribonucleosides. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1977; 284:335-41. [PMID: 212979 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb21968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Lin TS, Chai C, Prusoff WH. Synthesis and biological activities of 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-azido-2',5'-dideoxyuridine and 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine. J Med Chem 1976; 19:915-8. [PMID: 181578 DOI: 10.1021/jm00229a011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5-Trifluoromethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (1) was tosylated with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in dry pyridine at 3 degrees to give 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-O-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (2), which was converted to 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-azido-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (3) by reacting with lithium azide in N,N-dimethylformamide at 85-90 degrees for 2 h. Compound 3 was then hydrogenated in ethanol-water (1:1, v/v) at room temperature and 35 psi of hydrogen pressure, using 10% palladium on charcoal as cstalyst, to yield 5-trifluoromethyl-5'-amino-2',5'-dideoxyuridine (4). Compound 4 is about fourfold less potent than compound 1 as an antiviral agent but is about 40-fold less toxic to the host Vero cells. Thus the therapeutic index of compound 1 has been improved by a factor of 10 by replacement of the 5'-hydroxyl with an amino group. Compound 1, however, is more than 100-fold more inhibitory to Sarcoma 180 cells in culture relative to compound 4. Compound 3 is markedly less potent than compound 1 or 4 as either an antiviral or an antineoplastic compound.
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