1
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Busch C, Nyamondo K, Wheadon H. Complexities of modeling the bone marrow microenvironment to facilitate hematopoietic research. Exp Hematol 2024; 135:104233. [PMID: 38740324 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow (BM), within a specialized microenvironment referred to as the stem cell niche, where the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside and are regulated for quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation through intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. The BM contains at least two distinctive HSC-supportive niches: an endosteal osteoblastic niche that supports quiescence and self-renewal and a more vascular/perisinusoidal niche that promotes proliferation and differentiation. Both associate with supporting mesenchymal stromal cells. Within the more hypoxic osteoblastic niche, HSCs specifically interact with the osteoblasts that line the endosteal surface, which secrete several important HSC quiescence and maintenance regulatory factors. In vivo imaging indicates that the HSCs and progenitors located further away, in the vicinity of sinusoidal endothelial cells, are more proliferative. Here, HSCs interact with endothelial cells via specific cell adhesion molecules. Endothelial cells also secrete several factors important for HSC homeostasis and proliferation. In addition, HSCs and mesenchymal stromal cells are embedded within the extracellular matrix (ECM), an important network of proteins such as collagen, elastin, laminin, proteoglycans, vitronectin, and fibronectin. The ECM provides mechanical characteristics such as stiffness and elasticity important for cell behavior regulation. ECM proteins are also able to bind, sequester, display, and distribute growth factors across the BM, thus directly affecting stem cell fate and regulation of hematopoiesis. These important physical and chemical features of the BM require careful consideration when creating three-dimensional models of the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Busch
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kudzai Nyamondo
- Wellcome-Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
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2
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Chen W, Wu P, Jin C, Chen Y, Li C, Qian H. Advances in the application of extracellular vesicles derived from three-dimensional culture of stem cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:215. [PMID: 38693585 PMCID: PMC11064407 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have been used therapeutically for decades, yet their applications are limited by factors such as the risk of immune rejection and potential tumorigenicity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), a key paracrine component of stem cell potency, overcome the drawbacks of stem cell applications as a cell-free therapeutic agent and play an important role in treating various diseases. However, EVs derived from two-dimensional (2D) planar culture of SCs have low yield and face challenges in large-scale production, which hinders the clinical translation of EVs. Three-dimensional (3D) culture, given its ability to more realistically simulate the in vivo environment, can not only expand SCs in large quantities, but also improve the yield and activity of EVs, changing the content of EVs and improving their therapeutic effects. In this review, we briefly describe the advantages of EVs and EV-related clinical applications, provide an overview of 3D cell culture, and finally focus on specific applications and future perspectives of EVs derived from 3D culture of different SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230001, Anhui, China
| | - Can Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinjie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, 215300, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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3
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Kang Y, Na J, Karima G, Amirthalingam S, Hwang NS, Kim HD. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids: A Promising Tool for Vascularized Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024:10.1007/s13770-024-00636-2. [PMID: 38578424 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-024-00636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into specific cell lineages when exposed to the right conditions. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into particular cells is considered very important in biological research and clinical applications. MSC spheroids are clusters of MSCs cultured in three dimensions, which play an important role in enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. MSCs can also participate in vascular formation by differentiating into endothelial cells and secreting paracrine factors. Vascularization ability is essential in impaired tissue repair and function recovery. Therefore, the vascularization ability of MSCs, which enhances angiogenesis and accelerates tissue healing has made MSCs a promising tool for tissue regeneration. However, MSC spheroids are a relatively new research field, and more research is needed to understand their full potential. METHODS In this review, we highlight the importance of MSC spheroids' vascularization ability in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine while providing the current status of studies on the MSC spheroids' vascularization and suggesting potential future research directions for MSC spheroids. RESULTS Studies both in vivo and in vitro have demonstrated MSC spheroids' capacity to develop into endothelial cells and stimulate vasculogenesis. CONCLUSION MSC spheroids show potential to enhance vascularization ability in tissue regeneration. Yet, further research is required to comprehensively understand the relationship between MSC spheroids and vascularization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjoo Kang
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea Plus 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Na
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Gul Karima
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan D Kim
- Department of IT Convergence (Brain Korea Plus 21), Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, 50 Daehak-ro, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju, 27469, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Son B, Park S, Cho S, Kim JA, Baek SH, Yoo KH, Han D, Joo J, Park HH, Park TH. Improved Neural Inductivity of Size-Controlled 3D Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Magnetic Nanoparticles. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0011. [PMID: 38500782 PMCID: PMC10944702 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: To improve the efficiency of neural development from human embryonic stem cells, human embryoid body (hEB) generation is vital through 3-dimensional formation. However, conventional approaches still have limitations: long-term cultivation and laborious steps for lineage determination. Methods: In this study, we controlled the size of hEBs for ectodermal lineage specification using cell-penetrating magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), which resulted in reduced time required for initial neural induction. The magnetized cells were applied to concentrated magnetic force for magnet-derived multicellular organization. The uniformly sized hEBs were differentiated in neural induction medium (NIM) and suspended condition. This neurally induced MNP-hEBs were compared with other groups. Results: As a result, the uniformly sized MNP-hEBs in NIM showed significantly improved neural inductivity through morphological analysis and expression of neural markers. Signaling pathways of the accelerated neural induction were detected via expression of representative proteins; Wnt signaling, dopaminergic neuronal pathway, intercellular communications, and mechanotransduction. Consequently, we could shorten the time necessary for early neurogenesis, thereby enhancing the neural induction efficiency. Conclusion: Overall, this study suggests not only the importance of size regulation of hEBs at initial differentiation stage but also the efficacy of MNP-based neural induction method and stimulations for enhanced neural tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Son
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Cho
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific Instrumentation, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Baek
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Yoo
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Dongoh Han
- SIMPLE Planet Inc., 48 Achasan-ro 17-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04799, Korea
| | - Jinmyoung Joo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Ho Park
- Department of Bioengineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimri-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tai Hyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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5
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Smith AA, Bellows CF. Modification of the inflammatory profile of mesenchymal stem cells using different culture conditions. Regen Med 2024; 19:83-91. [PMID: 38356398 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells with significant therapeutic potential. The objective of this study was to examine the inflammatory profile of MSCs cultured under different conditions. Methods: MSCs were cultured by three strategies: seeding on an extracellular matrix (ECM), spheroids in static culture and spheroids in a bioreactor. Paracrine factors and CD206, a marker of M2 macrophage phenotype, were measured. Results: MSCs grown as spheroids in a bioreactor produced more IL-6 and IL-8 (p < 0.05). Supernatant collected from spheroids under both culture conditions increased the M2 macrophage phenotype almost twofold. Conclusion: Results indicate that the inflammatory profile of the supernatant collected from MSCs can be modified through culture conditions which has impacts for the future of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Smith
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, 1430, Tulane Ave New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Surgery, Lousiana State University, Health Sciences Center, 2021, Perdido Street New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Charles F Bellows
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, 1430, Tulane Ave New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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6
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Li J, Zhang J, Ye H, Wang Q, Ouyang Y, Luo Y, Gong Y. Pulmonary decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) modified polyethylene terephthalate three-dimensional cell carriers regulate the proliferation and paracrine activity of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1324424. [PMID: 38260733 PMCID: PMC10800494 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1324424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess a high degree of self-renewal capacity and in vitro multi-lineage differentiation potential. Decellularized materials have garnered considerable attention due to their elevated biocompatibility, reduced immunogenicity, excellent biodegradability, and the ability to partially mimic the in vivo microenvironment conducive to cell growth. To address the issue of mesenchymal stem cells losing their stem cell characteristics during two-dimensional (2D) cultivation, this study established three-dimensional cell carriers modified with lung decellularized extracellular matrix and assessed its impact on the life activities of mesenchymal stem cells. Methods: This study employed PET as a substrate material, grafting with polydopamine (PDA), and constructing a decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) coating on its surface, thus creating the PET/PDA/dECM three-dimensional (3D) composite carrier. Subsequently, material characterization of the cellular carriers was conducted, followed by co-culturing with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in vitro, aiming to investigate the material's impact on the proliferation and paracrine activity of mesenchymal stem cells. Results and Discussion: Material characterization demonstrated successful grafting of PDA and dECM materials, and it had complete hydrophilicity, high porosity, and excellent mechanical properties. The material was rich in various ECM proteins (collagen I, collagen IV , laminin, fibronectin, elastin), indicating good biocompatibility. In long-term in vitro cultivation (14 days) experiments, the PET/PDA/dECM three-dimensional composite carrier significantly enhanced adhesion and proliferation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs), with a proliferation rate 1.9 times higher than that of cells cultured on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) at day 14. Furthermore, it effectively maintained the stem cell characteristics, expressing specific antigens for HUCMSCs. Through qPCR, Western blot, and ELISA experiments, the composite carrier markedly promoted the expression and secretion of key cell factors in HUCMSCs. These results demonstrate that the PET/PDA/dECM composite carrier holds great potential for scaling up MSCs' long-term in vitro cultivation and the production of paracrine factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiali Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanran Ouyang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihong Gong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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He Y, Zhang Z, Li Z, Lin M, Ding S, Wu H, Yang F, Cai Z, Li T, Wang J, Ke C, Pan S, Li L. Three-dimensional spheroid formation of adipose-derived stem cells improves the survival of fat transplantation by enhance their therapeutic effect. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300021. [PMID: 37332233 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have important applications in basic research, especially in fat transplantation. Some studies have found that three-dimensional (3D) spheroids formed by mesenchymal stem cells have enhanced therapeutic potential. However, the fundamental basics of this effect are still being discussed. ADSCs were harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissues and 3D spheroids were formed by the automatic aggregation of ADSCs in a non-adhesive 6-well plate. Oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to simulate the transplantation microenvironment. We found that 3D culture of ADSCs triggered cell autophagy. After inhibiting autophagy by Chloroquine, the rates of apoptosis were increased. When the 3D ADSC-spheroids were re-planked, the number of senescent ADSCs decreased, and the proliferation ability was promoted. In addition, there were more cytokines secreted by 3D ADSC-spheroids including VEGF, IGF-1, and TGF-β. After adding the conditioned medium with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), 3D ADSC-spheroids were more likely to promote migration, and tube formation, stimulating the formation of new blood vessels. Fat grafting experiments in nude mice also showed that 3D ADSC-spheroids enhanced survival and neovascularization of fat grafts. These results suggested that 3D spheroids culturing of ADSCs can increase the therapeutic potential in fat transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucang He
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zikai Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Lin
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Siqi Ding
- Department of Neurology, Yiwu Central Hospital, Yiwu, China
| | - Hanwen Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhongming Cai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingping Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Ke
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shengsheng Pan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liqun Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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8
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Chae DS, An SJ, Han S, Kim SW. Synergistic Therapeutic Potential of Dual 3D Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in an Ischemic Hind Limb Mouse Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14620. [PMID: 37834069 PMCID: PMC10572732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture systems have been widely used to promote the viability and metabolic activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of this study was to explore the synergistic benefits of using dual 3D MSC culture systems to promote vascular regeneration and enhance therapeutic potential. We used various experimental assays, including dual 3D cultures of human adipose MSCs (hASCs), quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), in vitro cell migration, Matrigel tube network formation, Matrigel plug assay, therapeutic assays using an ischemic hind limb mouse model, and immunohistochemical analysis. Our qRT-PCR results revealed that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) were highly upregulated in conventional 3D-cultured hASCs (ASC-3D) than in two-dimensional (2D)-cultured hASCs. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and stromal-cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) showed higher expression levels in cytokine-cocktail-based, 3D-cultured hASCs (ASC-3Dc). A conditioned medium (CM) mixture of dual 3D ASCs (D-3D; ASC-3D + ASC-3Dc) resulted in higher migration and Matrigel tube formation than the CM of single 3D ASCs (S-3D; ASC-3D). Matrigel plugs containing D-3D contained more red blood cells than those containing S-3D. D-3D transplantation into ischemic mouse hind limbs prevented limb loss and augmented blood perfusion when compared to S-3D transplantation. Transplanted D-3D also revealed a high capillary density and angiogenic cytokine levels and transdifferentiated into endothelial-like cells in the hind limb muscle. These findings highlight the benefits of using the dual 3D culture system to optimize stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies, thereby advancing the therapeutic strategy for ischemic vascular disease and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon An
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Han
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan 49236, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
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9
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Vilar A, Hodgson-Garms M, Kusuma GD, Donderwinkel I, Carthew J, Tan JL, Lim R, Frith JE. Substrate mechanical properties bias MSC paracrine activity and therapeutic potential. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:144-158. [PMID: 37422008 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have significant therapeutic potential due to their ability to differentiate into musculoskeletal lineages suitable for tissue-engineering, as well as the immunomodulatory and pro-regenerative effects of the paracrine factors that these cells secrete. Cues from the extracellular environment, including physical stimuli such as substrate stiffness, are strong drivers of MSC differentiation, but their effects upon MSC paracrine activity are not well understood. This study, therefore sought to determine the impact of substrate stiffness on the paracrine activity of MSCs, analysing both effects on MSC fate and their effect on T-cell and macrophage activity and angiogenesis. The data show that conditioned medium (CM) from MSCs cultured on 0.2 kPa (soft) and 100 kPa (stiff) polyacrylamide hydrogels have differing effects on MSC proliferation and differentiation, with stiff CM promoting proliferation whilst soft CM promoted differentiation. There were also differences in the effects upon macrophage phagocytosis and angiogenesis, with the most beneficial effects from soft CM. Analysis of the media composition identified differences in the levels of proteins including IL-6, OPG, and TIMP-2. Using recombinant proteins and blocking antibodies, we confirmed a role for OPG in modulating MSC proliferation with a complex combination of factors involved in the regulation of MSC differentiation. Together the data confirm that the physical microenvironment has an important influence on the MSC secretome and that this can alter the differentiation and regenerative potential of the cells. These findings can be used to tailor the culture environment for manufacturing potent MSCs for specific clinical applications or to inform the design of biomaterials that enable the retention of MSC activity after delivery into the body. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • MSCs cultured on 100 kPa matrices produce a secretome that boosts MSC proliferation • MSCs cultured on 0.2 kPa matrices produce a secretome that promotes MSC osteogenesis and adipogenesis, as well as angiogenesis and macrophage phagocytosis • IL-6 secretion is elevated in MSCs on 0.2 kPa substrates • OPG, TIMP-2, MCP-1, and sTNFR1 secretion are elevated in MSCs on 100 kPa substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeolus Vilar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Margeaux Hodgson-Garms
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gina D Kusuma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ilze Donderwinkel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - James Carthew
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jean L Tan
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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10
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Urzì O, Gasparro R, Costanzo E, De Luca A, Giavaresi G, Fontana S, Alessandro R. Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures: The Bridge between In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12046. [PMID: 37569426 PMCID: PMC10419178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although historically, the traditional bidimensional in vitro cell system has been widely used in research, providing much fundamental information regarding cellular functions and signaling pathways as well as nuclear activities, the simplicity of this system does not fully reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of the in vivo systems. From this arises the need to use animals for experimental research and in vivo testing. Nevertheless, animal use in experimentation presents various aspects of complexity, such as ethical issues, which led Russell and Burch in 1959 to formulate the 3R (Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement) principle, underlying the urgent need to introduce non-animal-based methods in research. Considering this, three-dimensional (3D) models emerged in the scientific community as a bridge between in vitro and in vivo models, allowing for the achievement of cell differentiation and complexity while avoiding the use of animals in experimental research. The purpose of this review is to provide a general overview of the most common methods to establish 3D cell culture and to discuss their promising applications. Three-dimensional cell cultures have been employed as models to study both organ physiology and diseases; moreover, they represent a valuable tool for studying many aspects of cancer. Finally, the possibility of using 3D models for drug screening and regenerative medicine paves the way for the development of new therapeutic opportunities for many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Urzì
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Roberta Gasparro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Elisa Costanzo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Angela De Luca
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluca Giavaresi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, SC Scienze e Tecnologie Chirurgiche, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.L.); (G.G.)
| | - Simona Fontana
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D), Section of Biology and Genetics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (O.U.); (R.G.); (E.C.); (R.A.)
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11
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Rederer A, Rose V, Krüger R, Schmittutz L, Swierzy I, Fischer L, Thievessen I, Bauer J, Friedrich O, Schiffer M, Müller-Deile J. Partner, Neighbor, Housekeeper and Dimension: 3D versus 2D Glomerular Co-Cultures Reveal Drawbacks of Currently Used Cell Culture Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10384. [PMID: 37373531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling-pathway analyses and the investigation of gene responses to different stimuli are usually performed in 2D monocultures. However, within the glomerulus, cells grow in 3D and are involved in direct and paracrine interactions with different glomerular cell types. Thus, the results from 2D monoculture experiments must be taken with caution. We cultured glomerular endothelial cells, podocytes and mesangial cells in 2D/3D monocultures and 2D/3D co-cultures and analyzed cell survival, self-assembly, gene expression, cell-cell interaction, and gene pathways using live/dead assay, time-lapse analysis, bulk-RNA sequencing, qPCR, and immunofluorescence staining. Without any need for scaffolds, 3D glomerular co-cultures self-organized into spheroids. Podocyte- and glomerular endothelial cell-specific markers and the extracellular matrix were increased in 3D co-cultures compared to 2D co-cultures. Housekeeping genes must be chosen wisely, as many genes used for the normalization of gene expression were themselves affected in 3D culture conditions. The transport of podocyte-derived VEGFA to glomerular endothelial cells confirmed intercellular crosstalk in the 3D co-culture models. The enhanced expression of genes important for glomerular function in 3D, compared to 2D, questions the reliability of currently used 2D monocultures. Hence, glomerular 3D co-cultures might be more suitable in the study of intercellular communication, disease modelling and drug screening ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rederer
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Victoria Rose
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - René Krüger
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linda Schmittutz
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Izabela Swierzy
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena Fischer
- Center for Medicine, Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Center for Medicine, Physics and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Bauer
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Janina Müller-Deile
- Department of Nephrology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Gangadaran P, Oh EJ, Rajendran RL, Oh JM, Kim HM, Kwak S, Chung HY, Lee J, Ahn BC, Hong CM. Three-dimensional culture conditioned bone marrow MSC secretome accelerates wound healing in a burn injury mouse model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 673:87-95. [PMID: 37364390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has emerged as a promising regenerative therapeutic approach for wound healing. To determine the effects of cultured MSCs as a 2D monolayer (2D-MSCs) and 3D spheroids (3D-MSCs) on their secretomes, and to examine the effect of 3D-MSC secretomes on endothelial cells (ECs) and MSCs in a burn injury mouse model. MSCs were cultured as 2D monolayers (2D-MSCs) and 3D spheroids (3D-MSCs) and their cellular characteristics were evaluated by western blotting. 2D-MSC and 3D-MSC secretomes (condition medium: CM) were analyzed using an angiogenic array. The activation of ECs by 2D-MSC and 3D-MSC CMs was examined in cellular proliferation, migration, and tube formation assays. The wound healing effects of 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs were determined in vivo using a burn injury mouse model. 3D culture conditions altered the markers of components that regulate cell survival, cytoskeletal, adhesion, and proliferation. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), IL-8, and chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) were present at high levels in the CM of 3D-MSCs compared with 2D-MCs. 3D-MSC-CMs promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of ECs. Furthermore, 3D-MSC treatment enhanced wound healing in a burn injury mouse model. 3D culture improves proangiogenic factors in the MSC secretome and 3D-MSCs represent a new cell-based treatment strategy for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Gangadaran
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Oh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Ji Min Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Suin Kwak
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Ho Yun Chung
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, CMRI, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Ahn
- BK21 FOUR KNU Convergence Educational Program of Biomedical Sciences for Creative Future Talents, Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
| | - Chae Moon Hong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, South Korea; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, South Korea.
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13
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Ietto G, Iori V, Gritti M, Inversini D, Costantino A, Izunza Barba S, Jiang ZG, Carcano G, Dalla Gasperina D, Pettinato G. Multicellular Liver Organoids: Generation and Importance of Diverse Specialized Cellular Components. Cells 2023; 12:1429. [PMID: 37408262 PMCID: PMC10217024 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 40,000 patients in the United States are estimated to suffer from end-stage liver disease and acute hepatic failure, for which liver transplantation is the only available therapy. Human primary hepatocytes (HPH) have not been employed as a therapeutic tool due to the difficulty in growing and expanding them in vitro, their sensitivity to cold temperatures, and tendency to dedifferentiate following two-dimensional culture. The differentiation of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into liver organoids (LO) has emerged as a potential alternative to orthotropic liver transplantation (OLT). However, several factors limit the efficiency of liver differentiation from hiPSCs, including a low proportion of differentiated cells capable of reaching a mature phenotype, the poor reproducibility of existing differentiation protocols, and insufficient long-term viability in vitro and in vivo. This review will analyze various methodologies being developed to improve hepatic differentiation from hiPSCs into liver organoids, paying particular attention to the use of endothelial cells as supportive cells for their further maturation. Here, we demonstrate why differentiated liver organoids can be used as a research tool for drug testing and disease modeling, or employed as a bridge for liver transplantation following liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Ietto
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Iori
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Mattia Gritti
- Department of General Surgery, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Inversini
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Angelita Costantino
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sofia Izunza Barba
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Z. Gordon Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Giulio Carcano
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Dalla Gasperina
- Department of Medicine and Innovation Technology (DiMIT), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST-Sette Laghi, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pettinato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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14
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Ahmadi F, Lotfi AS, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Kadivar M. Trimetazidine Preconditioning Potentiates the Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome on the Preservation of Rat Pancreatic Islet Survival and Function In Vitro. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04532-8. [PMID: 37184724 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation offers improved glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, in vitro islet culture is associated with islet apoptosis and eventually will lose their functionality prior to transplantation. In this study, we examined the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) secretome preconditioned with diazoxide (DZ) and trimetazidine (TMZ) on rat islet cells during pre-transplant culture. With and without preconditioned hAD-MSCs' concentrated conditioned media (CCM) were added to the culture medium containing rat islets every 12 h for 24 and 48 h, after testing for selected cytokine concentrations (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-13). Insulin content, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, islet cell apoptosis, and mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX, BAK-1, and PUMA) and anti-apoptotic factors (BCL-2, BCL-xL, and XIAP) in rat islets were assessed after 24 and 48 h of culture. The protein level of IL-6 and IL-4 was significantly higher in TMZ-MSC-CM compared to MSC-non-CM. In rat isolated islets, normalized secreted insulin in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose was significantly higher in treated islet groups compared to control islets at both 24 and 48 h cultivation. Also, the percentage of apoptotic islet cells TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets was significantly lower compared to MSC-CM and MSC-CCM-treated islets in both 24 and 48 h cultivation. Consistent with the number of apoptotic cells, after 24 h culture, the expression of BCL-2 and BCL-xL genes in the control islets was lower than all treatment islet groups and in 48 h was lower than only TMZ-MSC-CM-treated islets. Also, the expression of the XIAP gene in control islets was significantly lower compared to the TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets at both at 24 and 48 h. In addition, mRNA level of the BAX gene in TMZ-MSC-CCM-treated islets was significantly lower compared to other groups at 48 h. Our findings revealed that TMZ proved to be more effective than DZ and could enhance the potential of hAD-MSCs-CM to improve the function and viability of islets prior to transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariborz Ahmadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kadivar
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Yen BL, Hsieh CC, Hsu PJ, Chang CC, Wang LT, Yen ML. Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Offering Therapeutic Advantages and In Vitro Glimpses of the In Vivo State. Stem Cells Transl Med 2023; 12:235-244. [PMID: 37184894 PMCID: PMC10184701 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As invaluable as the standard 2-dimensional (2D) monolayer in vitro cell culture system has been, there is increasing evidence that 3-dimensional (3D) non-adherent conditions are more relevant to the in vivo condition. While one of the criteria for human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been in vitro plastic adherence, such 2D culture conditions are not representative of in vivo cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, which may be especially important for this progenitor/stem cell of skeletal and connective tissues. The 3D spheroid, a multicellular aggregate formed under non-adherent 3D in vitro conditions, may be particularly suited as an in vitro method to better understand MSC physiological processes, since expression of ECM and other adhesion proteins are upregulated in such a cell culture system. First used in embryonic stem cell in vitro culture to recapitulate in vivo developmental processes, 3D spheroid culture has grown in popularity as an in vitro method to mimic the 3-dimensionality of the native niche for MSCs within tissues/organs. In this review, we discuss the relevance of the 3D spheroid culture for understanding MSC biology, summarize the biological outcomes reported in the literature based on such this culture condition, as well as contemplate limitations and future considerations in this rapidly evolving and exciting area.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chan Hsieh
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ju Hsu
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chang
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center (NDMC), Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University (NTU) Hospital & College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan
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16
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Gaitán-Salvatella I, González-Alva P, Montesinos JJ, Alvarez-Perez MA. In Vitro Bone Differentiation of 3D Microsphere from Dental Pulp-Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050571. [PMID: 37237641 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defects lead to the structural loss of normal architecture, and those in the field of bone tissue engineering are searching for new alternatives to aid bone regeneration. Dental pulp-mesenchymal stem cells (DP-MSC) could provide a promising alternative to repair bone defects, principally due to their multipotency and capacity to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) spheroids. The present study aimed to characterize the 3D DP-MSC microsphere and the osteogenic differentiation capacity potential cultured by a magnetic levitation system. To achieve this, the 3D DP-MSC microsphere was grown for 7, 14, and 21 days in an osteoinductive medium and compared to 3D human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) microspheres by examining the morphology, proliferation, osteogenesis, and colonization onto PLA fiber spun membrane. Our results showed good cell viability for both 3D microspheres with an average diameter of 350 μm. The osteogenesis examination of the 3D DP-MSC microsphere revealed the lineage commitment, such as the hFOB microsphere, as evidenced by ALP activity, the calcium content, and the expression of osteoblastic markers. Finally, the evaluation of the surface colonization exhibited similar patterns of cell-spreading over the fibrillar membrane. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of forming a 3D DP-MSC microsphere structure and the cell-behavior response as a strategy for the applications of bone tissue guiding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo Gaitán-Salvatella
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia González-Alva
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center (IMSS), POST, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez
- Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, Postgraduate Studies, Research Division, Faculty of Dentistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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17
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Robledo F, González-Hodar L, Tapia P, Figueroa AM, Ezquer F, Cortés V. Spheroids derived from the stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue self-organize in complex adipose organoids and secrete leptin. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:70. [PMID: 37024989 PMCID: PMC10080976 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03262-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) harbors multipotent cells with potential therapeutic relevance. We developed a method to form adipose spheroids (AS) from the SVF with complex organoid structure and enhanced leptin secretion upon insulin stimulation. METHODS SVF was generated from the interscapular brown adipose tissue of newborn mice. Immunophenotype and stemness of cultured SVF were determined by flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation, respectively. Spheroids were generated in hanging drops and non-adherent plates and compared by morphometric methods. The adipogenic potential was compared between preadipocyte monolayers and spheroids. Extracellular leptin was quantified by immunoassay. Lipolysis was stimulated with isoprenaline and quantified by colorimetric methods. AS viability and ultrastructure were determined by confocal and transmission electron microscopy analyses. RESULTS Cultured SVF contained Sca1 + CD29 + CD44 + CD11b- CD45- CD90- cells with adipogenic and chondrogenic but no osteogenic potential. Culture on non-adherent plates yielded the highest quantity and biggest size of spheroids. Differentiation of AS for 15 days in a culture medium supplemented with insulin and rosiglitazone resulted in greater Pparg, Plin1, and Lep expression compared to differentiated adipocytes monolayers. AS were viable and maintained leptin secretion even in the absence of adipogenic stimulation. Glycerol release after isoprenaline stimulation was higher in AS compared to adipocytes in monolayers. AS were composed of outer layers of unilocular mature adipocytes and an inner structure composed of preadipocytes, immature adipocytes and an abundant loose extracellular matrix. CONCLUSION Newborn mice adipose SVF can be efficiently differentiated into leptin-secreting AS. Prolonged stimulation with insulin and rosiglitazone allows the formation of structurally complex adipose organoids able to respond to adrenergic lipolytic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Robledo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lila González-Hodar
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Tapia
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana-María Figueroa
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Ezquer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes, and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Li N, Dai X, Yang F, Sun Y, Wu X, Zhou Q, Chen K, Sun J, Bi W, Shi L, Yu Y. Spontaneous spheroids from alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells maintain pluripotency of stem cells by regulating hypoxia-inducible factors. Biol Res 2023; 56:17. [PMID: 37016436 PMCID: PMC10074860 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-023-00421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous spheroid culture is a novel three-dimensional (3D) culture strategy for the rapid and efficient selection of progenitor cells. The objectives of this study are to investigate the pluripotency and differentiation capability of spontaneous spheroids from alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AB-MSCs); compare the advantages of spontaneous spheroids to those of mechanical spheroids; and explore the mechanisms of stemness enhancement during spheroid formation from two-dimensional (2D) cultured cells. METHODS AB-MSCs were isolated from the alveolar bones of C57BL/6 J mice. Spontaneous spheroids formed in low-adherence specific culture plates. The stemness, proliferation, and multi-differentiation capacities of spheroids and monolayer cultures were investigated by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and oil-red O staining. The pluripotency difference between the spontaneous and mechanical spheroids was analyzed using RT-qPCR. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIFs) inhibition experiments were performed to explore the mechanisms of stemness maintenance in AB-MSC spheroids. RESULTS AB-MSCs successfully formed spontaneous spheroids after 24 h. AB-MSC spheroids were positive for MSC markers and pluripotency markers (Oct4, KLF4, Sox2, and cMyc). Spheroids showed higher Ki67 expression and lower Caspase3 expression at 24 h. Under the corresponding conditions, the spheroids were successfully differentiated into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. AB-MSC spheroids can induce neural-like cells after neurogenic differentiation. Higher expression of osteogenic markers, adipogenic markers, and neurogenic markers (NF-M, NeuN, and GFAP) was found in spheroids than in the monolayer. Spontaneous spheroids exhibited higher stemness than mechanical spheroids did. HIF-1α and HIF-2α were remarkably upregulated in spheroids. After HIF-1/2α-specific inhibition, spheroid formation was significantly reduced. Moreover, the expression of the pluripotency genes was suppressed. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous spheroids from AB-MSCs enhance stemness and pluripotency. HIF-1/2α plays an important role in the stemness regulation of spheroids. AB-MSC spheroids exhibit excellent multi-differentiation capability, which may be a potent therapy for craniomaxillofacial tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Li
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China, 201318
- The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China, 201318
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jing'an District Dental Clinic, Shanghai, China, 15 Pingxingguan Road, 200040
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032
| | - Xingwen Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032
| | - Qianrong Zhou
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, 200072
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032
| | - Wei Bi
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032
| | - Le Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jing'an District Dental Clinic, Shanghai, China, 15 Pingxingguan Road, 200040.
| | - Youcheng Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 180 Fenglin Road, 200032.
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Dzobo K, Dandara C. The Extracellular Matrix: Its Composition, Function, Remodeling, and Role in Tumorigenesis. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:146. [PMID: 37092398 PMCID: PMC10123695 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a ubiquitous member of the body and is key to the maintenance of tissue and organ integrity. Initially thought to be a bystander in many cellular processes, the extracellular matrix has been shown to have diverse components that regulate and activate many cellular processes and ultimately influence cell phenotype. Importantly, the ECM's composition, architecture, and stiffness/elasticity influence cellular phenotypes. Under normal conditions and during development, the synthesized ECM constantly undergoes degradation and remodeling processes via the action of matrix proteases that maintain tissue homeostasis. In many pathological conditions including fibrosis and cancer, ECM synthesis, remodeling, and degradation is dysregulated, causing its integrity to be altered. Both physical and chemical cues from the ECM are sensed via receptors including integrins and play key roles in driving cellular proliferation and differentiation and in the progression of various diseases such as cancers. Advances in 'omics' technologies have seen an increase in studies focusing on bidirectional cell-matrix interactions, and here, we highlight the emerging knowledge on the role played by the ECM during normal development and in pathological conditions. This review summarizes current ECM-targeted therapies that can modify ECM tumors to overcome drug resistance and better cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- Medical Research Council, SA Wound Healing Unit, Hair and Skin Research Laboratory, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- The South African Medical Research Council-UCT Platform for Pharmacogenomics Research and Translation, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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20
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Lopes-Pacheco M, Rocco PRM. Functional enhancement strategies to potentiate the therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells for respiratory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1067422. [PMID: 37007034 PMCID: PMC10062457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1067422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases remain a major health concern worldwide because they subject patients to considerable financial and psychosocial burdens and result in a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the underlying pathologic mechanisms of severe respiratory diseases, most therapies are supportive, aiming to mitigate symptoms and slow down their progressive course but cannot improve lung function or reverse tissue remodeling. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are at the forefront of the regenerative medicine field due to their unique biomedical potential in promoting immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antimicrobial activities, and tissue repair in various experimental models. However, despite several years of preclinical research on MSCs, therapeutic outcomes have fallen far short in early-stage clinical trials for respiratory diseases. This limited efficacy has been associated with several factors, such as reduced MSC homing, survival, and infusion in the late course of lung disease. Accordingly, genetic engineering and preconditioning methods have emerged as functional enhancement strategies to potentiate the therapeutic actions of MSCs and thus achieve better clinical outcomes. This narrative review describes various strategies that have been investigated in the experimental setting to functionally potentiate the therapeutic properties of MSCs for respiratory diseases. These include changes in culture conditions, exposure of MSCs to inflammatory environments, pharmacological agents or other substances, and genetic manipulation for enhanced and sustained expression of genes of interest. Future directions and challenges in efficiently translating MSC research into clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco, ; Patricia R. M. Rocco,
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco, ; Patricia R. M. Rocco,
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21
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Susceptibility of Ovine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids to Scrapie Prion Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061043. [PMID: 36978584 PMCID: PMC10044354 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases, cellular in vitro models appear as fundamental tools for the study of pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutic compounds. Two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture systems are the most used cell-based assays, but these platforms are not able to reproduce the microenvironment of in vivo cells. This limitation can be surpassed using three-dimensional (3D) culture systems such as spheroids that more effectively mimic in vivo cell interactions. Herein, we evaluated the effect of scrapie prion infection in monolayer-cultured ovine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (oBM-MSCs) and oBM-MSC-derived spheroids in growth and neurogenic conditions, analyzing their cell viability and their ability to maintain prion infection. An MTT assay was performed in oBM-MSCs and spheroids subjected to three conditions: inoculated with brain homogenate from scrapie-infected sheep, inoculated with brain homogenate from healthy sheep, and non-inoculated controls. The 3D conditions improved the cell viability in most cases, although in scrapie-infected spheroids in growth conditions, a decrease in cell viability was observed. The levels of pathological prion protein (PrPSc) in scrapie-infected oBM-MSCs and spheroids were measured by ELISA. In neurogenic conditions, monolayer cells and spheroids maintained the levels of PrPSc over time. In growth conditions, however, oBM-MSCs showed decreasing levels of PrPSc throughout time, whereas spheroids were able to maintain stable PrPSc levels. The presence of PrPSc in spheroids was also confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Altogether, these results show that a 3D culture microenvironment improves the permissiveness of oBM-MSCs to scrapie infection in growth conditions and maintains the infection ability in neurogenic conditions, making this model of potential use for prion studies.
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22
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Kornmuller A, Cooper TT, Jani A, Lajoie GA, Flynn LE. Probing the effects of matrix-derived microcarrier composition on human adipose-derived stromal cells cultured dynamically within spinner flask bioreactors. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:415-434. [PMID: 36210786 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing the cell-instructive capacity of the extracellular matrix (ECM), this study investigated the effects of expanding human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) on ECM-derived microcarriers fabricated from decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) or decellularized cartilage tissue (DCT) within spinner flask bioreactors. Protocols were established for decellularizing porcine auricular cartilage and electrospraying methods were used to generate microcarriers comprised exclusively of DAT or DCT, which were compositionally distinct, but had matching Young's moduli. Both microcarrier types supported hASC attachment and growth over 14 days within a low-shear spinner culture system, with a significantly higher cell density observed on the DCT microcarriers at 7 and 14 days. Irrespective of the ECM source, dynamic culture on the microcarriers altered the expression of genes and proteins associated with cell adhesion and ECM remodeling. Label-free mass spectrometry analysis showed upregulation of proteins associated with cartilage development and ECM in the hASCs expanded on the DCT microcarriers. Based on Luminex analysis, the hASCs expanded on the DCT microcarriers secreted significantly higher levels of IL-8 and PDGFAA, supporting that the ECM source can modulate hASC paracrine factor secretion. Finally, the hASCs expanded on the microcarriers were extracted for analysis of adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation relative to baseline controls. The microcarrier-cultured hASCs showed enhanced intracellular lipid accumulation at 7 days post-induction of adipogenic differentiation. In the chondrogenic studies, a low level of differentiation was observed in all groups. Future studies are warranted using alternative cell sources with greater chondrogenic potential to further assess the chondro-inductive properties of the DCT microcarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kornmuller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ammi Jani
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Oka H, Ito S, Kawakami M, Sasaki H, Abe S, Matsunaga S, Morita S, Noguchi T, Kasahara N, Tokuyama A, Kasahara M, Katakura A, Yajima Y, Mizoguchi T. Subset of the periodontal ligament expressed leptin receptor contributes to part of hard tissue-forming cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3442. [PMID: 36859576 PMCID: PMC9977939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30446-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lineage of periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells contributes to alveolar bone (AB) and cementum formation, which are essential for tooth-jawbone attachment. Leptin receptor (LepR), a skeletal stem cell marker, is expressed in PDL; however, the stem cell capacity of LepR+ PDL cells remains unclear. We used a Cre/LoxP-based approach and detected LepR-cre-labeled cells in the perivascular around the root apex; their number increased with age. In the juvenile stage, LepR+ PDL cells differentiated into AB-embedded osteocytes rather than cementocytes, but their contribution to both increased with age. The frequency of LepR+ PDL cell-derived lineages in hard tissue was < 20% per total cells at 1-year-old. Similarly, LepR+ PDL cells differentiated into osteocytes following tooth extraction, but their frequency was < 9%. Additionally, both LepR+ and LepR- PDL cells demonstrated spheroid-forming capacity, which is an indicator of self-renewal. These results indicate that both LepR+ and LepR- PDL populations contributed to hard tissue formation. LepR- PDL cells increased the expression of LepR during spheroid formation, suggesting that the LepR- PDL cells may hierarchically sit upstream of LepR+ PDL cells. Collectively, the origin of hard tissue-forming cells in the PDL is heterogeneous, some of which express LepR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Oka
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Shinichirou Ito
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Mana Kawakami
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Hodaka Sasaki
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Shinichi Abe
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Satoru Matsunaga
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Sumiharu Morita
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Taku Noguchi
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Norio Kasahara
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Akihide Tokuyama
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Masataka Kasahara
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Akira Katakura
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Oral Pathobiological Science and Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan
| | - Yasutomo Yajima
- grid.265070.60000 0001 1092 3624Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Implantology, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061 Japan ,grid.411611.20000 0004 0372 3845MDU Hospital, Implant Center, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, 399-0781 Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizoguchi
- Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan. .,Tokyo Dental College Research Branding Project, Tokyo Dental College, Tokyo, 101-0061, Japan.
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Jammes M, Contentin R, Cassé F, Galéra P. Equine osteoarthritis: Strategies to enhance mesenchymal stromal cell-based acellular therapies. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1115774. [PMID: 36846261 PMCID: PMC9950114 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that eventually leads to the complete degradation of articular cartilage. Articular cartilage has limited intrinsic capacity for self-repair and, to date, there is no curative treatment for OA. Humans and horses have a similar articular cartilage and OA etiology. Thus, in the context of a One Health approach, progress in the treatment of equine OA can help improve horse health and can also constitute preclinical studies for human medicine. Furthermore, equine OA affects horse welfare and leads to significant financial losses in the equine industry. In the last few years, the immunomodulatory and cartilage regenerative potentials of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated, but have also raised several concerns. However, most of MSC therapeutic properties are contained in their secretome, particularly in their extracellular vesicles (EVs), a promising avenue for acellular therapy. From tissue origin to in vitro culture methods, various aspects must be taken into consideration to optimize MSC secretome potential for OA treatment. Immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of MSCs can also be enhanced by recreating a pro-inflammatory environment to mimic an in vivo pathological setting, but more unusual methods also deserve to be investigated. Altogether, these strategies hold substantial potential for the development of MSC secretome-based therapies suitable for OA management. The aim of this mini review is to survey the most recent advances on MSC secretome research with regard to equine OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jammes
- BIOTARGEN, UNICAEN, Normandie University, Caen, France
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25
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Dupard SJ, Garcia AG, Bourgine PE. Customizable 3D printed perfusion bioreactor for the engineering of stem cell microenvironments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1081145. [PMID: 36698631 PMCID: PMC9870251 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1081145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Faithful modeling of tissues and organs requires the development of systems reflecting their dynamic 3D cellular architecture and organization. Current technologies suffer from a lack of design flexibility and complex prototyping, preventing their broad adoption by the scientific community. To make 3D cell culture more available and adaptable we here describe the use of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology to rapid-prototype 3D printed perfusion bioreactors. Our 3D printed bioreactors are made of polylactic acid resulting in reusable systems customizable in size and shape. Following design confirmation, our bioreactors were biologically validated for the culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells under perfusion for up to 2 weeks on collagen scaffolds. Microenvironments of various size/volume (6-12 mm in diameter) could be engineered, by modulating the 3D printed bioreactor design. Metabolic assay and confocal microscopy confirmed the homogenous mesenchymal cell distribution throughout the material pores. The resulting human microenvironments were further exploited for the maintenance of human hematopoietic stem cells. Following 1 week of stromal coculture, we report the recapitulation of 3D interactions between the mesenchymal and hematopoietic fractions, associated with a phenotypic expansion of the blood stem cell populations.Our data confirm that perfusion bioreactors fit for cell culture can be generated using a 3D printing technology and exploited for the 3D modeling of complex stem cell systems. Our approach opens the gates for a more faithful investigation of cellular processes in relation to a dynamic 3D microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Dupard
- Cell, Tissue and Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Garcia Garcia
- Cell, Tissue and Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul E. Bourgine
- Cell, Tissue and Organ engineering laboratory, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Stem Cell Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden,*Correspondence: Paul E. Bourgine,
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26
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Bogers SH, Barrett JG. Three-Dimensional Culture of Equine Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhances Anti-Inflammatory Properties in a Donor-Dependent Manner. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:777-786. [PMID: 35880425 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) culture of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as spheroids enhances the production of important regulators of inflammation: prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 6 (TSG-6). The horse is a model species and suffers from musculoskeletal, ocular, and systemic inflammatory disease. It is unknown if 3D culture promotes enhanced production of immunomodulatory cytokines and regulators in equine MSCs and if there is variation between individual cell donors. We evaluated the feasibility, cell viability, and stem cell marker stability of 3D-cultured equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (eBMSCs) and determined the effect of inflammatory stimulation upon gene expression and secretion of key regulators of inflammation [PGE2, TSG-6, IL-10, IL-6, stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)]. Variations in anti-inflammatory phenotype between six donors were investigated, with and without IL-1β stimulation, in either monolayer [two-dimensional (2D)] or 3D culture. Our results showed that eBMSCs self-aggregate in 3D culture while maintaining cell viability and markers of stemness CD90, CD44, CD104, and Oct4. In addition, 3D culture enhances the anti-inflammatory phenotype regardless of inflammatory stimulation by increasing PGE2, IL-6, TSG-6, SDF-1, and IL-10. Finally, anti-inflammatory phenotype was enhanced by IL-1β exposure but showed significant variation between cell lines in the degree of gene upregulation, and what genes were expressed. We conclude that 3D culture of eBMSCs as spheroids alters their anti-inflammatory phenotype, but this effect is influenced by cytokine exposure and cell donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie H Bogers
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer G Barrett
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Leesburg, Virginia, USA
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Mohebichamkhorami F, Niknam Z, Khoramjouy M, Heidarli E, Ghasemi R, Hosseinzadeh S, Mohseni SS, Hajikarim-Hamedani A, Heidari A, Ghane Y, Mahmoudifard M, Zali H, Faizi M. Brain Homogenate of a Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease Modifies the Secretome of 3D Cultured Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: A Potential Neuroregenerative Therapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e133668. [PMID: 36896321 PMCID: PMC9990517 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-133668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to neuronal cell death and manifested by cognitive disorders and behavioral impairment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the most promising candidates to stimulate neuroregeneration and prevent disease progression. Optimization of MSC culturing protocols is a key strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of the secretome. Objectives Here, we investigated the effect of brain homogenate of a rat model of AD (BH-AD) on the enhancement of protein secretion in the secretome of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) when cultured in a 3D environment. Moreover, the effect of this modified secretome was examined on neural cells to study the impact of the conditioned medium (CM) on stimulation of regeneration or immunomodulation in AD. Methods PDLSCs were isolated and characterized. Then, the spheroids of PDLSCs were generated in a modified 3D culture plate. PDLSCs-derived CM was prepared in the presence of BH-AD (PDLSCs-HCM) and the absence of it (PDLSCs-CM). The viability of C6 glioma cells was assessed after exposure to different concentrations of both CMs. Then, a proteomic analysis was performed on the CMs. Results Differentiation into adipocytes and high expression of MSCs markers verified the precise isolation of PDLSCs. The PDLSC spheroids were formed after 7 days of 3D culturing, and their viability was confirmed. The effect of CMs on C6 glioma cell viability showed that both CMs at low concentrations (> 20 mg/mL) had no cytotoxic effect on C6 neural cells. The results showed that PDLSCs-HCM contains higher concentrations of proteins compared to PDLSCs-CM, including Src-homology 2 domain (SH2)-containing PTPs (SHP-1) and muscle glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM) proteins. SHP-1 has a role in nerve regeneration, and PYGM is involved in glycogen metabolism. Conclusions The modified secretome derived from 3D cultured spheroids of PDLSCs treated by BH-AD as a reservoir of regenerating neural factors can serve as a potential source for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Mohebichamkhorami
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Niknam
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Khoramjouy
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Heidarli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Ghasemi
- Neurophysiology Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Sarvenaz Mohseni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amirhossein Heidari
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yekta Ghane
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Matin Mahmoudifard
- Department of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hakimeh Zali
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Silva-Carvalho AÉ, da Silva IGM, Corrêa JR, Saldanha-Araujo F. Regulatory T-Cell Enhancement, Expression of Adhesion Molecules, and Production of Anti-Inflammatory Factors Are Differentially Modulated by Spheroid-Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214349. [PMID: 36430835 PMCID: PMC9695986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The culture of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as spheroids promotes a more physiological cellular behavior, as it more accurately reflects the biological microenvironment. Nevertheless, mixed results have been found regarding the immunosuppressive properties of spheroid-cultured MSCs (3D-MSCs), the mechanisms of immunoregulation of 3D-MSCs being scarcely described at this point. In the present study, we constructed spheroids from MSCs and compared their immunosuppressive potential with that of MSCs cultured in monolayer (2D-MSCs). First, we evaluated the ability of 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs to control the activation and proliferation of T-cells. Next, we evaluated the percentage of regulatory T-cells (Tregs) after the co-culturing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs. Finally, we investigated the expression of adhesion molecules, as well as the expressions of several anti-inflammatory transcripts in 2D-MSCs and 3D-MSCs maintained in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions. Interestingly, our data show that several anti-inflammatory genes are up-regulated in 3D-MSCs, and that these cells can control T-cell proliferation. Nevertheless, 2D-MSCs are more efficient in suppressing the immune cell proliferation. Importantly, contrary to what was observed in 3D-MSCs, the expressions of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are significantly upregulated in 2D-MSCs exposed to an inflammatory environment. Furthermore, only 2D-MSCs are able to promote the enhancement of Tregs. Taken together, our data clearly show that the immunosuppressive potential of MSCs is significantly impacted by their shape, and highlights the important role of cell-cell adhesion molecules for optimal MSC immunomodulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandda Évelin Silva-Carvalho
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - José Raimundo Corrêa
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Felipe Saldanha-Araujo
- Hematology and Stem Cells Laboratory, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-61-3107-2008
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Li L, Sheng K, Mannarino M, Jarzem P, Cherif H, Haglund L. o-Vanillin Modulates Cell Phenotype and Extracellular Vesicles of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Intervertebral Disc Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223589. [PMID: 36429018 PMCID: PMC9688801 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and extracellular vesicle (EV) therapy is a promising treatment for discogenic low back pain (LBP). Although promising, major obstacles remain to be overcome. Cellular senescence reduces self-renewal and multipotent potentials, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype creates an inflammatory environment negatively affecting tissue homeostasis. Reducing senescence could therefore improve regenerative approaches. Ortho-Vanillin (o-Vanillin) has senolytic activity and anti-inflammatory properties and could be a valuable supplement to MSC and EV therapy. Here, we used direct co-culture experiments to evaluate proteoglycan synthesis, inflammatory mediators, and senescent cells in the presence or absence of o-Vanillin. EV release and transfer between hMSCs and intervertebral disc cells (DCs) was examined, and the effect on hMSC differentiation and DC phenotype was evaluated in the presence and absence of o-Vanillin. This study demonstrates that o-Vanillin affects cell communication, enhances hMSC differentiation and improves DC phenotype. Co-cultures of DCs and hMSCs resulted in increased proteoglycan synthesis, a decreased number of senescent cells and decreased release of the cytokines IL6 and 8. Effects that were further enhanced by o-Vanillin. o-Vanillin profoundly increased EV release and/or uptake by hMSCs and DCs. DC markers were significantly upregulated in both cell types in response to conditioned media of o-Vanillin treated donor cells. Collectively, this study demonstrates that o-Vanillin affects hMSC and DC crosstalk and suggests that combining hMSCs and senolytic compounds may improve the outcome of cell supplementation and EV therapy for LBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Kai Sheng
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
| | - Matthew Mannarino
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Peter Jarzem
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Hosni Cherif
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1A4, Canada
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-514-934-1934 (ext. 35380)
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Huerta CT, Ortiz YY, Liu ZJ, Velazquez OC. Methods and Limitations of Augmenting Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Therapeutic Applications. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2022; 12:467-481. [DOI: 10.1089/wound.2022.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Theodore Huerta
- University of Miami Department of Surgery, 275894, Surgery, 1411 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
| | - Yulexi Y Ortiz
- University of Miami Department of Surgery, 275894, Surgery, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Zhao-Jun Liu
- University of Miami Department of Surgery, 275894, Surgery, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Omaida C. Velazquez
- University of Miami Department of Surgery, 275894, Surgery, Miami, Florida, United States
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Cho S, Choi H, Jeong H, Kwon SY, Roh EJ, Jeong KH, Baek I, Kim BJ, Lee SH, Han I, Cha JM. Preclinical Study of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using a 3-Dimensional Manufacturing Setting for Enhancing Spinal Fusion. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:1072-1088. [PMID: 36180050 PMCID: PMC9585955 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion surgery is a surgical technique that connects one or more vertebrae at the same time to prevent movement between the vertebrae. Although synthetic bone substitutes or osteogenesis-inducing recombinant proteins were introduced to promote bone union, the rate of revision surgery is still high due to pseudarthrosis. To promote successful fusion after surgery, stem cells with or without biomaterials were introduced; however, conventional 2D-culture environments have resulted in a considerable loss of the innate therapeutic properties of stem cells. Therefore, we conducted a preclinical study applying 3D-spheroids of human bone marrow-dewrived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to a mouse spinal fusion model. First, we built a large-scale manufacturing platform for MSC spheroids, which is applicable to good manufacturing practice (GMP). Comprehensive biomolecular examinations, which include liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and bioinformatics could suggest a framework of quality control (QC) standards for the MSC spheroid product regarding the identity, purity, viability, and potency. In our animal study, the mass-produced and quality-controlled MSC spheroids, either undifferentiated or osteogenically differentiated were well-integrated into decorticated bone of the lumbar spine, and efficiently improved angiogenesis, bone regeneration, and mechanical stability with statistical significance compared to 2D-cultured MSCs. This study proposes a GMP-applicable bioprocessing platform and QC directions of MSC spheroids aiming for their clinical application in spinal fusion surgery as a new bone graft substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Cho
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyundoo Jeong
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Kwon
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ji Roh
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hun Jeong
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Baek
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Dongguk University, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Inbo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University School of Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Cha
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.,3D Stem Cell Bioengineering Laboratory, Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Min Lim K, Kim S, Yeom J, Choi Y, Lee Y, An J, Gil M, Abdal Dayem A, Kim K, Kang GH, Kim A, Hong K, Kim K, Cho SG. Advanced 3D dynamic culture system with transforming growth factor-β3 enhances production of potent extracellular vesicles with modified protein cargoes via upregulation of TGF-β signaling. J Adv Res 2022; 47:57-74. [PMID: 36130685 PMCID: PMC10173176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) release extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) containing various cargoes. Although MSC-EVs show significant therapeutic effects, the low production of EVs in MSCs hinders MSC-EV-mediated therapeutic development. OBJECTIVES Here, we developed an advanced three-dimensional (a3D) dynamic culture technique with exogenous transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-β3) treatment (T-a3D) to produce potent MSC-EVs. METHODS Our system enabled preparation of a highly concentrated EV-containing medium for efficient EV isolation and purification with higher yield and efficacy. RESULTS MSC spheroids in T-a3D system (T-a3D spheroids) showed high expression of CD9 and TGF-β3, which was dependent on TGF-β signaling. Treatment with EVs produced under T-a3D conditions (T-a3D-EVs) led to significantly improved migration of dermal fibroblasts and wound closure in an excisional wound model. The relative total efficacy (relative yield of single-batch EVs (10-11-fold) × relative regeneration effect of EVs (2-3-fold)) of T-a3D-EVs was approximately up to 33-fold higher than that of 2D-EVs. Importantly the quantitative proteomic analyses of the T-a3D spheroids and T-a3D-EVs supported the improved EV production as well as the therapeutic potency of T-a3D-EVs. CONCLUSION TGF-β signalling differentially regulated by fluid shear stress produced in our system and exogenous TGF-β3 addition was confirmed to play an important role in the enhanced production of EVs with modified protein cargoes. We suggest that the T-a3D system leads to the efficient production of MSC-EVs with high potential in therapies and clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 303, Life Science Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sehee Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeonghun Yeom
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88-gil, 43 Olympic-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yujin Choi
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoonjoo Lee
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongyub An
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 303, Life Science Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Urology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwonho Hong
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Convergence Medicine Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88-gil, 43 Olympic-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, 88-gil, 43 Olympic-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88-gil, 43 Olympic-ro, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; R&D Team, StemExOne Co., Ltd., 303, Life Science Bldg, 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Fuentes P, Torres MJ, Arancibia R, Aulestia F, Vergara M, Carrión F, Osses N, Altamirano C. Dynamic Culture of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Spheroids and Secretion of Paracrine Factors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:916229. [PMID: 36046670 PMCID: PMC9421039 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.916229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, conditioned medium (CM) obtained from the culture of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to effectively promote tissue repair and modulate the immune response in vitro and in different animal models, with potential for application in regenerative medicine. Using CM offers multiple advantages over the implantation of MSCs themselves: 1) simpler storage, transport, and preservation requirements, 2) avoidance of the inherent risks of cell transplantation, and 3) potential application as a ready-to-go biologic product. For these reasons, a large amount of MSCs research has focused on the characterization of the obtained CM, including soluble trophic factors and vesicles, preconditioning strategies for enhancing paracrine secretion, such as hypoxia, a three-dimensional (3D) environment, and biochemical stimuli, and potential clinical applications. In vitro preconditioning strategies can increase the viability, proliferation, and paracrine properties of MSCs and therefore improve the therapeutic potential of the cells and their derived products. Specifically, dynamic cultivation conditions, such as fluid flow and 3D aggregate culture, substantially impact cellular behaviour. Increased levels of growth factors and cytokines were observed in 3D cultures of MSC grown on orbital or rotatory shaking platforms, in stirred systems, such as spinner flasks or stirred tank reactors, and in microgravity bioreactors. However, only a few studies have established dynamic culture conditions and protocols for 3D aggregate cultivation of MSCs as a scalable and reproducible strategy for CM production. This review summarizes significant advances into the upstream processing, mainly the dynamic generation and cultivation of MSC aggregates, for de CM manufacture and focuses on the standardization of the soluble factor production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Fuentes
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María José Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Arancibia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Francisco Aulestia
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Cellus Biomédica, Parque Tecnológico de León, León, Spain
| | - Mauricio Vergara
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavio Carrión
- Cellus Medicina Regenerativa S.A., Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Osses
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Altamirano
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- CREAS, Centro Regional de Estudios en Alimentos Saludables, Valparaíso, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia Altamirano,
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Hazrati A, Malekpour K, Soudi S, Hashemi SM. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells spheroid culture effect on the therapeutic efficacy of these cells and their exosomes: A new strategy to overcome cell therapy limitations. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113211. [PMID: 35696942 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is one of the new treatment methods in which mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSCs) transplantation is one of the cells widely used in this field. The results of MSCs application in the clinic prove their therapeutic efficacy. For this reason, many clinical trials have been designed based on the application of MSCs for various diseases, especially inflammatory disease and regenerative medicine. These cells perform their therapeutic functions through multiple mechanisms, including the differentiative potential, immunomodulatory properties, production of therapeutic exosomes, production of growth factors and cytokines, and anti-apoptotic effects. Exosomes are nanosized extracellular vesicles (EVs) that change target cell functions by transferring different cargos. The therapeutic ability of MSCs-derived exosomes has been demonstrated in many studies. However, some limitations, such as the low production of exosomes by cells and the need for large amounts of them and also their limited therapeutic ability, have encouraged researchers to find methods that increase exosomes' therapeutic potential. One of these methods is the spheroid culture of MSCs. Studies show that the three-dimensional culture (3DCC) of MSCs in the form of multicellular spheroids increases the therapeutic efficacy of these cells in laboratory and animal applications. In addition, the spheroid culture of MSCs leads to enhanced therapeutic properties of their exosomes and production rate. Due to the novelty of the field of using 3DCC MSCs-derived exosomes, examination of their properties and the results of their therapeutic application can increase our view of this field. This review discussed MSCs and their exosomes enhanced properties in spheroid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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35
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Genetically engineered and enucleated human mesenchymal stromal cells for the targeted delivery of therapeutics to diseased tissue. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:882-897. [PMID: 34931077 PMCID: PMC9207157 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the delivery of therapeutics specifically to diseased tissue enhances their efficacy and decreases their side effects. Here we show that mesenchymal stromal cells with their nuclei removed by density-gradient centrifugation following the genetic modification of the cells for their display of chemoattractant receptors and endothelial-cell-binding molecules are effective vehicles for the targeted delivery of therapeutics. The enucleated cells neither proliferate nor permanently engraft in the host, yet retain the organelles for energy and protein production, undergo integrin-regulated adhesion to inflamed endothelial cells, and actively home to chemokine gradients established by diseased tissues. In mouse models of acute inflammation and of pancreatitis, systemically administered enucleated cells expressing two types of chemokine receptor and an endothelial adhesion molecule enhanced the delivery of an anti-inflammatory cytokine to diseased tissue (with respect to unmodified stromal cells and to exosomes derived from bone-marrow-derived stromal cells), attenuating inflammation and ameliorating disease pathology. Enucleated cells retain most of the cells' functionality, yet acquire the cargo-carrying characteristics of cell-free delivery systems, and hence represent a versatile delivery vehicle and therapeutic system.
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36
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Zhao Y, Yang R, Bousraou Z, Richardson K, Wang S. Probing Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells using single cell nanobiosensor. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10315. [PMID: 35725756 PMCID: PMC9209437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have great potential in cell-based therapies for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and multipotent properties. Recent studies indicate that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is an important pathway in regulating osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. However, the fundamental mechanisms that govern osteogenic differentiation are poorly understood due to a lack of effective tools to detect gene expression at single cell level. Here, we established a double-stranded locked nucleic acid (LNA)/DNA (LNA/DNA) nanobiosensor for gene expression analysis in single hMSC in both 2D and 3D microenvironments. We first characterized this LNA/DNA nanobiosensor and demonstrated the Dll4 mRNA expression dynamics in hMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. By incorporating this nanobiosensor with live hMSCs imaging during osteogenic induction, we performed dynamic tracking of hMSCs differentiation and Dll4 mRNA gene expression profiles of individual hMSC during osteogenic induction. Our results showed the dynamic expression profile of Dll4 during osteogenesis, indicating the heterogeneity of hMSCs during this dynamic process. We further investigated the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating hMSCs during osteogenic differentiation. Pharmacological perturbation is applied to disrupt Notch1-Dll4 signaling to investigate the molecular mechanisms that govern osteogenic differentiation. In addition, the effects of Notch1-Dll4 signaling on hMSCs spheroids differentiation were also investigated. Our results provide convincing evidence supporting that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is involved in regulating hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Specifically, Notch1-Dll4 signaling is active during osteogenic differentiation. Our results also showed that Dll4 is a molecular signature of differentiated hMSCs during osteogenic induction. Notch inhibition mediated osteogenic differentiation with reduced Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity. Lastly, we elucidated the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling during osteogenic differentiation in a 3D spheroid model. Our results showed that Notch1-Dll4 signaling is required and activated during osteogenic differentiation in hMSCs spheroids. Inhibition of Notch1-Dll4 signaling mediated osteogenic differentiation and enhanced hMSCs proliferation, with increased spheroid sizes. Taken together, the capability of LNA/DNA nanobiosensor to probe gene expression dynamics during osteogenesis, combined with the engineered 2D/3D microenvironment, enables us to study in detail the role of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating osteogenesis in 2D and 3D microenvironment. These findings will provide new insights to improve cell-based therapies and organ repair techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Zoe Bousraou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kiarra Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Tagliatela College of Engineering, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA.
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37
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Spheroid-Based Tissue Engineering Strategies for Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052530. [PMID: 35269672 PMCID: PMC8910276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degenerative disc disease, a painful pathology of the intervertebral disc (IVD), often causes disability and reduces quality of life. Although regenerative cell-based strategies have shown promise in clinical trials, none have been widely adopted clinically. Recent developments demonstrated that spheroid-based approaches might help overcome challenges associated with cell-based IVD therapies. Spheroids are three-dimensional multicellular aggregates with architecture that enables the cells to differentiate and synthesize endogenous ECM, promotes cell-ECM interactions, enhances adhesion, and protects cells from harsh conditions. Spheroids could be applied in the IVD both in scaffold-free and scaffold-based configurations, possibly providing advantages over cell suspensions. This review highlights areas of future research in spheroid-based regeneration of nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF). We also discuss cell sources and methods for spheroid fabrication and characterization, mechanisms related to spheroid fusion, as well as enhancement of spheroid performance in the context of the IVD microenvironment.
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38
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Carthew J, Taylor JBJ, Garcia-Cruz MR, Kiaie N, Voelcker NH, Cadarso VJ, Frith JE. The Bumpy Road to Stem Cell Therapies: Rational Design of Surface Topographies to Dictate Stem Cell Mechanotransduction and Fate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23066-23101. [PMID: 35192344 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cells sense and respond to a variety of physical cues from their surrounding microenvironment, and these are interpreted through mechanotransductive processes to inform their behavior. These mechanisms have particular relevance to stem cells, where control of stem cell proliferation, potency, and differentiation is key to their successful application in regenerative medicine. It is increasingly recognized that surface micro- and nanotopographies influence stem cell behavior and may represent a powerful tool with which to direct the morphology and fate of stem cells. Current progress toward this goal has been driven by combined advances in fabrication technologies and cell biology. Here, the capacity to generate precisely defined micro- and nanoscale topographies has facilitated the studies that provide knowledge of the mechanotransducive processes that govern the cellular response as well as knowledge of the specific features that can drive cells toward a defined differentiation outcome. However, the path forward is not fully defined, and the "bumpy road" that lays ahead must be crossed before the full potential of these approaches can be fully exploited. This review focuses on the challenges and opportunities in applying micro- and nanotopographies to dictate stem cell fate for regenerative medicine. Here, key techniques used to produce topographic features are reviewed, such as photolithography, block copolymer lithography, electron beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, soft lithography, scanning probe lithography, colloidal lithography, electrospinning, and surface roughening, alongside their advantages and disadvantages. The biological impacts of surface topographies are then discussed, including the current understanding of the mechanotransductive mechanisms by which these cues are interpreted by the cells, as well as the specific effects of surface topographies on cell differentiation and fate. Finally, considerations in translating these technologies and their future prospects are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Carthew
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jason B J Taylor
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Maria R Garcia-Cruz
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nasim Kiaie
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Avenue, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Victor J Cadarso
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Centre to Impact Antimicrobial Resistance, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jessica E Frith
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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39
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Kusuma GD, Li A, Zhu D, McDonald H, Inocencio IM, Chambers DC, Sinclair K, Fang H, Greening DW, Frith JE, Lim R. Effect of 2D and 3D Culture Microenvironments on Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Potencies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:819726. [PMID: 35237601 PMCID: PMC8882622 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.819726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are now widely believed to come from their paracrine signalling, i.e. secreted factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Cell-free therapy using EVs is an active and emerging field in regenerative medicine. Typical 2D cultures on tissue culture plastic is far removed from the physiological environment of MSCs. The application of 3D cell culture allows MSCs to adapt to their cellular environment which, in turn, influences their paracrine signalling activity. In this study we evaluated the impact of 3D MSCs culture on EVs secretion, cargo proteome composition, and functional assessment in immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties.MSC-EVs from 2D and 3D cultures expressed classical EV markers CD81, CD63, and CD9 with particle diameter of <100 nm. There were distinct changes in immunomodulatory potencies where 3D cultures exhibited reduced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and significantly reduced macrophage phagocytosis. Administration of 2D and 3D EVs following double dose bleomycin challenge in aged mice showed a marked increase of bodyweight loss in 3D group throughout days 7–28. Histopathological observations of lung tissues in 3D group showed increased collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and leukocytes infiltrations. Assessment of lung mechanics showed 3D group did not improve lung function and instead exhibited increased resistance and tissue damping. Proteome profiling of MSC-EV composition revealed molecular enrichment of EV markers (compared to parental cells) and differential proteome between EVs from 2D and 3D culture condition associated with immune-based and fibrosis/extracellular matrix/membrane organization associated function.This study provides insight into distinct variation in EV protein composition dependent on the cellular microenvironment of the parental cells, which could have implications in their therapeutic effect and potency. Overall, this work suggests that EVs produced from 3D MSC cultures did not enhance typical MSC-EV properties expected from 2D cultures (immunomodulation, anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory). The outcome highlights critical differences between MSC-EVs obtained from different culture microenvironments, which should be considered when scaling up MSC culture for clinical manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina D. Kusuma
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gina D. Kusuma, ; Rebecca Lim,
| | - Anqi Li
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dandan Zhu
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah McDonald
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ishmael M. Inocencio
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel C. Chambers
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth Sinclair
- Queensland Lung Transplant Service, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Haoyun Fang
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W. Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Gina D. Kusuma, ; Rebecca Lim,
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40
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Nebel S, Lux M, Kuth S, Bider F, Dietrich W, Egger D, Boccaccini AR, Kasper C. Alginate Core-Shell Capsules for 3D Cultivation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9020066. [PMID: 35200419 PMCID: PMC8869374 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primary candidates in tissue engineering and stem cell therapies due to their intriguing regenerative and immunomodulatory potential. Their ability to self-assemble into three-dimensional (3D) aggregates further improves some of their therapeutic properties, e.g., differentiation potential, secretion of cytokines, and homing capacity after administration. However, high hydrodynamic shear forces and the resulting mechanical stresses within commercially available dynamic cultivation systems can decrease their regenerative properties. Cells embedded within a polymer matrix, however, lack cell-to-cell interactions found in their physiological environment. Here, we present a “semi scaffold-free” approach to protect the cells from high shear forces by a physical barrier, but still allow formation of a 3D structure with in vivo-like cell-to-cell contacts. We highlight a relatively simple method to create core–shell capsules by inverse gelation. The capsules consist of an outer barrier made from sodium alginate, which allows for nutrient and waste diffusion and an inner compartment for direct cell-cell interactions. Next to capsule characterization, a harvesting procedure was established and viability and proliferation of human adipose-derived MSCs were investigated. In the future, this encapsulation and cultivation technique might be used for MSC-expansion in scalable dynamic bioreactor systems, facilitating downstream procedures, such as cell harvest and differentiation into mature tissue grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nebel
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences BOKU Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.N.); (M.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Manuel Lux
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences BOKU Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.N.); (M.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Sonja Kuth
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (S.K.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Faina Bider
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (S.K.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Wolf Dietrich
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Alter Ziegelweg 10, 3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Dominik Egger
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences BOKU Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.N.); (M.L.); (D.E.)
| | - Aldo R. Boccaccini
- Institute of Biomaterials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; (S.K.); (F.B.); (A.R.B.)
| | - Cornelia Kasper
- Institute of Cell and Tissue Culture Technologies, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences BOKU Vienna, 1190 Vienna, Austria; (S.N.); (M.L.); (D.E.)
- Correspondence:
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41
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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy as a New Approach for the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 64:284-320. [PMID: 35031958 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an intractable autoimmune disease with unmet medical needs. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies have modest efficacy and obvious side effects. Targeted therapies with small molecules and antibodies remain under investigation in small pilot studies. The major breakthrough was the development of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) to treat refractory SSc with rapidly progressive internal organ involvement. However, AHSCT is contraindicated in patients with advanced visceral involvement. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which are characterized by immunosuppressive, antifibrotic and proangiogenic capabilities may be a promising alternative option for the treatment of SSc. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies on the use of MSCs to treat SSc are underway. However, there are several unresolved limitations and safety concerns of MSC transplantation, such as immune rejections and risks of tumour formation, respectively. Since the major therapeutic potential of MSCs has been ascribed to their paracrine signalling, the use of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs)/secretomes/exosomes as a "cell-free" therapy might be an alternative option to circumvent the limitations of MSC-based therapies. In the present review, we overview the current knowledge regarding the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs in SSc, focusing on progresses reported in preclinical and clinical studies using MSCs, as well as challenges and future directions of MSC transplantation as a treatment option for patients with SSc.
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42
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Gallo A, Cuscino N, Contino F, Bulati M, Pampalone M, Amico G, Zito G, Carcione C, Centi C, Bertani A, Conaldi PG, Miceli V. Changes in the Transcriptome Profiles of Human Amnion-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Induced by Three-Dimensional Culture: A Potential Priming Strategy to Improve Their Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020863. [PMID: 35055049 PMCID: PMC8778321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are believed to function in vivo as a homeostatic tool that shows therapeutic properties for tissue repair/regeneration. Conventionally, these cells are expanded in two-dimensional (2D) cultures, and, in that case, MSCs undergo genotypic/phenotypic changes resulting in a loss of their therapeutic capabilities. Moreover, several clinical trials using MSCs have shown controversial results with moderate/insufficient therapeutic responses. Different priming methods were tested to improve MSC effects, and three-dimensional (3D) culturing techniques were also examined. MSC spheroids display increased therapeutic properties, and, in this context, it is crucial to understand molecular changes underlying spheroid generation. To address these limitations, we performed RNA-seq on human amnion-derived MSCs (hAMSCs) cultured in both 2D and 3D conditions and examined the transcriptome changes associated with hAMSC spheroid formation. We found a large number of 3D culture-sensitive genes and identified selected genes related to 3D hAMSC therapeutic effects. In particular, we observed that these genes can regulate proliferation/differentiation, as well as immunomodulatory and angiogenic processes. We validated RNA-seq results by qRT-PCR and methylome analysis and investigation of secreted factors. Overall, our results showed that hAMSC spheroid culture represents a promising approach to cell-based therapy that could significantly impact hAMSC application in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallo
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Nicola Cuscino
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Flavia Contino
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Matteo Bulati
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Mariangela Pampalone
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Amico
- Fondazione Ri.MED, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.P.); (G.A.); (C.C.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zito
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | | | - Claudio Centi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Alessandro Bertani
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
| | - Vitale Miceli
- Research Department, IRCCS ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione), 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.G.); (N.C.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (G.Z.); (C.C.); (P.G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-09-1219-2430
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43
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Xiang XN, Zhu SY, He HC, Yu X, Xu Y, He CQ. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapy for cartilage regeneration in knee osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35012666 PMCID: PMC8751117 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis, as a degenerative disease, is a common problem and results in high socioeconomic costs and rates of disability. The most commonly affected joint is the knee and characterized by progressive destruction of articular cartilage, loss of extracellular matrix, and progressive inflammation. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has been explored as a new regenerative treatment for knee osteoarthritis in recent years. However, the detailed functions of MSC-based therapy and related mechanism, especially of cartilage regeneration, have not been explained. Hence, this review summarized how to choose, authenticate, and culture different origins of MSCs and derived exosomes. Moreover, clinical application and the latest mechanistical findings of MSC-based therapy in cartilage regeneration were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Yi Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Chen He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Qi He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,School of Rehabilitation Sciences, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Rehabilitation Medicine Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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44
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Abbas A, Zhang C, Asad M, Waqas A, Khatoon A, Hussain S, Mir SH. Recent Developments in Artificial Super-Wettable Surfaces Based on Bioinspired Polymeric Materials for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:238. [PMID: 35054645 PMCID: PMC8781395 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspired by nature, significant research efforts have been made to discover the diverse range of biomaterials for various biomedical applications such as drug development, disease diagnosis, biomedical testing, therapy, etc. Polymers as bioinspired materials with extreme wettable properties, such as superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic surfaces, have received considerable interest in the past due to their multiple applications in anti-fogging, anti-icing, self-cleaning, oil-water separation, biosensing, and effective transportation of water. Apart from the numerous technological applications for extreme wetting and self-cleaning products, recently, super-wettable surfaces based on polymeric materials have also emerged as excellent candidates in studying biological processes. In this review, we systematically illustrate the designing and processing of artificial, super-wettable surfaces by using different polymeric materials for a variety of biomedical applications including tissue engineering, drug/gene delivery, molecular recognition, and diagnosis. Special attention has been paid to applications concerning the identification, control, and analysis of exceedingly small molecular amounts and applications permitting high cell and biomaterial cell screening. Current outlook and future prospects are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Abbas
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Ahsan Waqas
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China;
| | - Asma Khatoon
- College of Business Administration, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer Hussain
- School of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (A.A.); (C.Z.)
| | - Sajjad Husain Mir
- School of Chemistry and Advanced Materials & BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Center, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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45
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Yuen JSK, Stout AJ, Kawecki NS, Letcher SM, Theodossiou SK, Cohen JM, Barrick BM, Saad MK, Rubio NR, Pietropinto JA, DiCindio H, Zhang SW, Rowat AC, Kaplan DL. Perspectives on scaling production of adipose tissue for food applications. Biomaterials 2022; 280:121273. [PMID: 34933254 PMCID: PMC8725203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising global demand for food proteins and significant environmental impact associated with conventional animal agriculture, it is important to develop sustainable alternatives to supplement existing meat production. Since fat is an important contributor to meat flavor, recapitulating this component in meat alternatives such as plant based and cell cultured meats is important. Here, we discuss the topic of cell cultured or tissue engineered fat, growing adipocytes in vitro that could imbue meat alternatives with the complex flavor and aromas of animal meat. We outline potential paths for the large scale production of in vitro cultured fat, including adipogenic precursors during cell proliferation, methods to adipogenically differentiate cells at scale, as well as strategies for converting differentiated adipocytes into 3D cultured fat tissues. We showcase the maturation of knowledge and technology behind cell sourcing and scaled proliferation, while also highlighting that adipogenic differentiation and 3D adipose tissue formation at scale need further research. We also provide some potential solutions for achieving adipose cell differentiation and tissue formation at scale based on contemporary research and the state of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S K Yuen
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - N Stephanie Kawecki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophia M Letcher
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sophia K Theodossiou
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Julian M Cohen
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Pitzer College, 925 N Mills Ave, Claremont, CA, 91711, USA
| | - Brigid M Barrick
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Natalie R Rubio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jaymie A Pietropinto
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Hailey DiCindio
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sabrina W Zhang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Terasaki Life Sciences Building, 610 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, 4 Colby St, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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46
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Camões SP, Bulut O, Yazar V, Gaspar M, Simões S, Ferreira R, Vitorino R, Santos JM, Gursel I, Miranda JP. 3D-MSCs A151 ODN-Loaded Exosomes Are Immunomodulatory And Reveal A Proteomic Cargo That Sustains Wound Resolution. J Adv Res 2022; 41:113-128. [PMID: 36328741 PMCID: PMC9637564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The MSC-derived secretome from 3D cultures enhances fibroblast and keratinocyte mitogenic and motogenic capacity in vitro, respectively. The cargo of the 3D MSC-derived exosomes (Exo3D) reveals wound healing-related proteins and promotes wound resolution in a wound healing in vivo model. Loading MSC-derived exosomes with A151 ODN further reduces the systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines at the late stage of wound healing in vivo, crucial for a full regenerated tissue. A151-loaded Exo3D have a great potential as a noncellular off-the-shelf therapy for non-healing wound treatment.
Introduction Non-healing wounds remain a major burden due to the lack of effective treatments. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) have emerged as therapeutic options given their pro-regenerative and immunomodulatory features. Still, little is known on the exact mechanisms mediated by MSC-Exo. Importantly, modulation of their efficacy through 3D-physiologic cultures together with loading strategies continues underexplored. Objectives To uncover the MSC-Exo-mediated mechanism via proteomic analyses, and to use 3D-culture and loading technologies to expand MSC-Exo efficacy for cutaneous wound healing. Methods MSC-Exo were produced in either 3D or 2D cultures (Exo3D/Exo2D) and loaded with an exogenous immunosuppressive oligodeoxynucleotide (A151 ODN). Both, loaded and naïve exosomes were characterised regarding size, morphology and the presence of specific protein markers; while IPA analyses enabled to correlate their protein content with the effects observed in vitro and in vivo. The Exo3D/Exo2D regenerative potential was evaluated in vitro by assessing keratinocyte and fibroblast mitogenicity, motogenicity, and cytokine secretion as well as using an in vivo wound splinting model. Accordingly, the modulation of inflammatory and immune responses by A151-loaded Exo3D/Exo2D was also assessed. Results Exo3D stimulated mitogenically and motogenically keratinocytes and fibroblasts in vitro, with upregulation of IL-1α and VEGF-α or increased secretion of TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-10. In vivo, Exo3D reduced the granulation tissue area and promoted complete re-epithelization of the wound. These observations were sustained by the proteomic profiling of the Exo3D cargo that identified wound healing-related proteins, such as TGF-β, ITGA1-3/5, IL-6, CDC151, S100A10 and Wnt5α. Moreover, when loaded with A151 ODN, Exo3D differentially mediated wound healing-related trophic factors reducing the systemic levels of IL-6 and TNF-α at the late stage of wound healing in vivo. Conclusion Our results support the potential of A151-loaded Exo3D for the treatment of chronic wounds by promoting skin regeneration, while modulating the systemic levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Hu X, Xia Z, Cai K. Recent advances of 3D hydrogel culture systems for mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy and cell behavior regulation. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:1486-1507. [DOI: 10.1039/d1tb02537f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been increasingly recognized as resources for disease treatments and regenerative medicine. Meanwhile, the unique chemical and physical properties of hydrogels provide innate advantages to achieve...
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Burk J, Melzer M, Hagen A, Lips KS, Trinkaus K, Nimptsch A, Leopold J. Phospholipid Profiles for Phenotypic Characterization of Adipose-Derived Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:784405. [PMID: 34926463 PMCID: PMC8672196 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.784405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have emerged as therapeutic tools for a wide range of pathological conditions. Yet, the still existing deficits regarding MSC phenotype characterization and the resulting heterogeneity of MSC used in different preclinical and clinical studies hamper the translational success. In search for novel MSC characterization approaches to complement the traditional trilineage differentiation and immunophenotyping assays reliably across species and culture conditions, this study explored the applicability of lipid phenotyping for MSC characterization and discrimination. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), human fibroblasts, and human and equine adipose-derived MSC were used to compare different mesodermal cell types and MSC from different species. For MSC, cells cultured in different conditions, including medium supplementation with either fetal bovine serum or platelet lysate as well as culture on collagen-coated dishes, were additionally investigated. After cell harvest, lipids were extracted by chloroform/methanol according to Bligh and Dyer. The lipid profiles were analysed by an untargeted approach using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) with a reversed phase column and an ion trap mass spectrometer. In all samples, phospholipids and sphingomyelins were found, while other lipids were not detected with the current approach. The phospholipids included different species of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS) in all cell types, whereas phosphatidylglycerol (PG) species were only present in MSC. MSC from both species showed a higher phospholipid species diversity than PBMC and fibroblasts. Few differences were found between MSC from different culture conditions, except that human MSC cultured with platelet lysate exhibited a unique phenotype in that they exclusively featured PE O-40:4, PG 38:6 and PG 40:6. In search for specific and inclusive candidate MSC lipid markers, we identified PE O-36:3 and PG 40:7 as potentially suitable markers across culture conditions, at which PE O-36:3 might even be used across species. On that basis, phospholipid phenotyping is a highly promising approach for MSC characterization, which might condone some heterogeneity within the MSC while still achieving a clear discrimination even from fibroblasts. Particularly the presence or absence of PG might emerge as a decisive criterion for future MSC characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Burk
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michaela Melzer
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alina Hagen
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katja Trinkaus
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ariane Nimptsch
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jenny Leopold
- Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Adapt to Chronic Tendon Disease Environment with an Initial Reduction in Matrix Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312798. [PMID: 34884602 PMCID: PMC8657831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Tendon lesions are common sporting injuries in humans and horses alike. The healing process of acute tendon lesions frequently results in fibrosis and chronic disease. In horses, local mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) injection is an accepted therapeutic strategy with positive influence on acute lesions. Concerning the use of MSCs in chronic tendon disease, data are scarce but suggest less therapeutic benefit. However, it has been shown that MSCs can have a positive effect on fibrotic tissue. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the interplay of MSCs and healthy or chronically diseased tendon matrix. Equine MSCs were cultured either as cell aggregates or on scaffolds from healthy or diseased equine tendons. Higher expression of tendon-related matrix genes and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) was found in aggregate cultures. However, the tenogenic transcription factor scleraxis was upregulated on healthy and diseased tendon scaffolds. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) expression and activity were highest in healthy scaffold cultures but showed a strong transient decrease in diseased scaffold cultures. The release of glycosaminoglycan and collagen was also higher in scaffold cultures, even more so in those with tendon disease. This study points to an early suppression of MSC matrix remodeling activity by diseased tendon matrix, while tenogenic differentiation remained unaffected.
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Zhang SY, Ren JY, Yang B. Priming strategies for controlling stem cell fate: Applications and challenges in dental tissue regeneration. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1625-1646. [PMID: 34909115 PMCID: PMC8641023 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i11.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted intense interest in the field of dental tissue regeneration. Dental tissue is a popular source of MSCs because MSCs can be obtained with minimally invasive procedures. MSCs possess distinct inherent properties of self-renewal, immunomodulation, proangiogenic potential, and multilineage potency, as well as being readily available and easy to culture. However, major issues, including poor engraftment and low survival rates in vivo, remain to be resolved before large-scale application is feasible in clinical treatments. Thus, some recent investigations have sought ways to optimize MSC functions in vitro and in vivo. Currently, priming culture conditions, pretreatment with mechanical and physical stimuli, preconditioning with cytokines and growth factors, and genetic modification of MSCs are considered to be the main strategies; all of which could contribute to improving MSC efficacy in dental regenerative medicine. Research in this field has made tremendous progress and continues to gather interest and stimulate innovation. In this review, we summarize the priming approaches for enhancing the intrinsic biological properties of MSCs such as migration, antiapoptotic effect, proangiogenic potential, and regenerative properties. Challenges in current approaches associated with MSC modification and possible future solutions are also indicated. We aim to outline the present understanding of priming approaches to improve the therapeutic effects of MSCs on dental tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jia-Yin Ren
- Department of Oral Radiology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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