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de França DA, Kmetiuk LB, Panazzolo GAK, Domingues OJ, da Silva FP, Biondo LM, de Souza Ribeiro Mioni M, Possebon FS, de Lima Duré AÍ, Silva MVF, Duarte MM, Fávero GM, Biondo AW, Langoni H. Serosurvey of Coxiella burnetii in Descendants of Former Black Slaves (Quilombola Communities) of Southern Brazil. Microorganisms 2024; 12:92. [PMID: 38257919 PMCID: PMC10819991 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazilian descendants of former Black-slave (quilombola) communities have been predisposed to several zoonotic diseases due to social vulnerability, characterized by subsistence and close contact with livestock and companion animals. Accordingly, the present study has assessed anti-Coxiella burnetii antibodies in 200 individuals and 20 dogs from four quilombola communities located in Paraná State, southern Brazil. Serum samples were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using in-house and commercial diagnostic protocols, with analysis of seropositive titers and antibody type. Fisher's exact test was used to compare seropositivity to C. burnetti with binary variables, with variables with three or more possible responses submitted to logistic regression. In total, 44/200 (22%; 95% CI 16.82-28.24) people tested positive, and 4.5% had titers higher than 128, indicating a recent onset of C. burnetii infection. Seropositive individuals were statistically associated with the Limitão community (p = 0.0013), urban workers as occupations (p = 0.0475), consumption of undercooked meat (p = 0.0159), and contact with animal abortion (p = 0.0276). No seropositivity association was found for age, sex, education, habit of entering forest areas, consumption of game meat, consumption of raw milk, flea and tick bites, dog contact, or history of female miscarriage. Only one of 20 dogs was seropositive with a titer of 128, probably related to an acute animal infection. Despite the prevalence here being higher than previous Brazilian reports, including with symptomatic populations, the results were within range for worldwide outbreaks and occupational risk populations. To the reader's knowledge, this is the first human survey of Q fever in southern Brazil and should be considered a warning for C. burnetii in vulnerable populations, particularly Quilombola communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Alves de França
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (D.A.d.F.); (F.S.P.)
| | - Louise Bach Kmetiuk
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil; (L.B.K.); (A.W.B.)
| | - Giovanni Augusto Kalempa Panazzolo
- Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (G.A.K.P.); (O.J.D.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Orlei José Domingues
- Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (G.A.K.P.); (O.J.D.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Filipe Pereira da Silva
- Service of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Octavio Magalhaes Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (A.Í.d.L.D.); (M.V.F.S.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Leandro Meneguelli Biondo
- National Institute of the Atlantic Forest (INMA), Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Santa Teresa 29650-000, ES, Brazil;
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Studies, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni
- Department of Pathology, Reproduction and One Health, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil;
| | - Fábio Sossai Possebon
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (D.A.d.F.); (F.S.P.)
| | - Ana Íris de Lima Duré
- Service of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Octavio Magalhaes Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (A.Í.d.L.D.); (M.V.F.S.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Marcos Vinicius Ferreira Silva
- Service of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Octavio Magalhaes Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (A.Í.d.L.D.); (M.V.F.S.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Myrian Morato Duarte
- Service of Virology and Rickettsiosis, Octavio Magalhaes Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte 30510-010, MG, Brazil; (F.P.d.S.); (A.Í.d.L.D.); (M.V.F.S.); (M.M.D.)
| | - Giovani Marino Fávero
- Graduate College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa 84030-900, PR, Brazil; (G.A.K.P.); (O.J.D.); (G.M.F.)
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil; (L.B.K.); (A.W.B.)
| | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animals Science, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil; (D.A.d.F.); (F.S.P.)
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Souza EARD, André MR, Labruna MB, Horta MC. Q fever and coxiellosis in Brazil: an underestimated disease? A brief review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e009822. [PMID: 36169506 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Q fever, caused by the γ-proteobacterium Coxiella burnetii, is a zoonosis of great importance and global impact. This agent has high transmissibility and can spread over long distances via wind, in which a small number of aerosolized particles are needed to infect susceptible hosts. The clinical diagnosis of Q fever is difficult owing to the variety of clinical signs shared with other diseases. In Brazil, studies related to C. burnetii are constantly being conducted, and this review aims to increase the number of approaches already studied, leading to the following question: is Q fever an unknown, neglected disease, or does it have a focal occurrence in certain areas (exotic/rare) in the country?
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Almeida Rodrigues de Souza
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCA, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Claudio Horta
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco - UNIVASF, Petrolina, PE, Brasil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE, Recife, PE, Brasil
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de França DA, Mioni MDSR, Fornazari F, Duré AÍDL, Silva MVF, Possebon FS, Richini-Pereira VB, Langoni H, Megid J. Seropositivity for Coxiella burnetii in suspected patients with dengue in São Paulo state, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010392. [PMID: 35536865 PMCID: PMC9122222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Q fever and brucellosis are zoonoses that cause fever and other systemic clinical signs in humans; their occurrences are neglected and the differential diagnosis for some diseases is disregarded. This study aimed to investigate the seropositivity for Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. antibodies in patients suspected of dengue from 38 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The samples (n = 604) were obtained by convenience from the Adolfo Lutz Institute serum bank. Sera were subjected to an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using in-house and commercial diagnostic protocols to evaluate C. burnetii positivity. For Brucella spp., sera were subjected to rapid plate serum agglutination with buffered acidified antigen (AAT), slow tube serum agglutination (SAL), and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) techniques. Associations and statistical inferences of the results were performed by logistic regression according to the clinical and demographic variables collected from the patients. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) and associations were considered when p value was <0.05. In all, 129 patients showed positive results for Q fever, indicating a seropositivity of 21.4% (95% CI 18.15–24.85). Patients with 14–20 days of symptoms had 2.12 (95% CI 1.34–3.35) times more chances of being seropositive for Q fever than patients with 7–13 days, and patients with 21–27 days of fever had 2.62 (95% CI 1.27–5.41) times more chances of being seropositive for Q fever than patients with 7–13 days. For the other variables analyzed, there were no significant associations between the groups. No positivity for brucellosis was observed. This is the most comprehensive study of people seropositive for Q fever in São Paulo state and provides additional data for the medical community in Brazil. It is suggested that Q fever may be an important differential diagnosis of febrile illnesses in the region, demanding the government’s attention and investment in health. Brazil is a tropical country with a warm climate and large animal herds that favor many zoonotic agents that circulate in the territory. Due to the high prevalence of some tropical diseases, such as dengue, malaria, and chikungunya, important zoonoses have been neglected during the clinical evaluation of patients, resulting in misdiagnosis. Examples include Q fever and brucellosis, zoonoses that occur in animals in Brazil and are easily transmitted to humans through contaminated air and food products. There is not much data on these diseases in humans in the country representing their actual health situation. The current knowledge is supported by a few serological surveys developed by research groups and case reports. In this study, sera from patients with fever of unknown origin were positive for Q fever and brucellosis. The authors found that, contrary to brucellosis, Q fever has affected many people in São Paulo, the most populous state in the country. In addition, other findings regarding patient profile and disease behavior have been established. This research highlights the need for surveillance and control of Q fever in humans and animals to prevent acute cases and treat chronic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Alves de França
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MM); (JM)
| | - Felipe Fornazari
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Íris de Lima Duré
- Octávio Magalhães Institute, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Sossai Possebon
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Helio Langoni
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jane Megid
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Paulista State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail: (MM); (JM)
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Noguera Zayas LP, Rüegg S, Torgerson P. The burden of zoonoses in Paraguay: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009909. [PMID: 34727113 PMCID: PMC8589157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Underestimation of zoonoses is exacerbated in low and middle-income countries due mainly to inequalities with serious consequences in healthcare. This is difficult to gauge and reduce the impact of those diseases. Our study focuses on Paraguay, where the livestock industry is one of the major components of the country's economy. Therefore, the rationale of this study was to develop a case study in Paraguay to estimate the dual impact of zoonotic diseases on both the human health and animal health sector and thus determine the societal burden of such diseases. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a systemic review (including a meta-analysis) to assess the burden of zoonoses in Paraguay, including official reports and grey literature of disease incidence and prevalence. We estimated the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and Zoonosis Disability Adjusted Life Years (zDALYs) to measure the difference between the current health status and the desired health situation of animals and the Paraguayan population based on 50 zoonotic diseases suggested by the WHO (World Health Organization), OIE (World Organization for Animal Health) and the National Health in Paraguay. The total DALYs represent 19,384 (95% CI: from 15,805 to 29,733), and zDALYs, 62,178 (95% CI: from 48,696 to 77,188). According to the results, the priority pathogens for DALYs are E. coli, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania spp, and Toxoplasma gondii. When we include the additional animal health burden, the most important pathogens are Brucella spp, E. coli, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Fasciola hepatica for zDALYs. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE This is the first study to integrate DALYs and zDALYs with important clues related to the health status of Paraguay. Through DALYs and zDALYs, our perspective becomes more complete because we consider not only human health but also animal health. This is important for setting priorities in disease control, especially in a society where livestock contribute significantly to the economy and to human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Paola Noguera Zayas
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Life Science Zürich Graduate School, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Rüegg
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Torgerson
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Meurer IR, Silva MR, Silva MVF, de Lima Duré AÍ, Adelino TÉR, da Costa AVB, Vanelli CP, de Paula Souza E Guimarães RJ, Rozental T, de Lemos ERS, Corrêa JODA. Seroprevalence estimate and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii infections among humans in a highly urbanised Brazilian state. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 116:261-269. [PMID: 34308483 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trab113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Q fever is among the top 13 global priority zoonoses, however, it is still neglected and under-reported in most of the world, including Brazil. Thus, we evaluated the seroprevalence of and the risk factors for Coxiella burnetii infections in humans from Minas Gerais, a highly urbanised Brazilian state. METHODS Coxiella burnetii was searched for patient samples (n=437), which were suspected of then later confirmed as negative for dengue fever, by the indirect immunofluorescence technique and real-time PCR. Risk factors for infections and spatial clusters for both C. burnetii-seropositive individuals and livestock concentration were evaluated. RESULTS We found that 21 samples (4.8%; 95% CI 3.0 to 7.2%) were reactive for at least one class of anti-C. burnetii antibodies (titer of ≥64), with rural residence (p=0.036) being a risk factor. Also, two spatial clusters of seropositivity were found within a significant area by Scan, and a probable relationship between the Scan result and the livestock concentration by area was found. CONCLUSIONS Seropositive individuals were associated with rural residence, with a likely relationship with the livestock concentration. Thus, this study establishes baseline figures for C. burnetii seroprevalence in humans in a state of Brazil, allowing the monitoring of trends and setting of control targets, as well as more representative longitudinal and risk analysis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Rosa Meurer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Vinícius Ferreira Silva
- Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Minas Gerais, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Íris de Lima Duré
- Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Minas Gerais, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Talita Émile Ribeiro Adelino
- Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Minas Gerais, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alana Vitor Barbosa da Costa
- Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Minas Gerais, Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Chislene Pereira Vanelli
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health of Juiz de Fora - Suprema, 36033-003 Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Rozental
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratory of Hantaviruses and Rickettsiosis, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Epelboin L, Eldin C, Thill P, de Santi VP, Abboud P, Walter G, Melzani A, Letertre-Gibert P, Perez L, Demar M, Boutrou M, Fernandes J, Cermeño JR, Panizo MM, Vreden SG, Djossou F, Beillard E, de Waard JH, de Lemos ERS. Human Q Fever on the Guiana Shield and Brazil: Recent Findings and Remaining Questions. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2021; 8:173-182. [PMID: 34094813 PMCID: PMC8169413 DOI: 10.1007/s40475-021-00243-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review In this review, we report on the state of knowledge about human Q fever in Brazil and on the Guiana Shield, an Amazonian region located in northeastern South America. There is a contrast between French Guiana, where the incidence of this disease is the highest in the world, and other countries where this disease is practically non-existent. Recent Findings Recent findings are essentially in French Guiana where a unique strain MST17 has been identified; it is probably more virulent than those usually found with a particularly marked pulmonary tropism, a mysterious animal reservoir, a geographical distribution that raises questions. Summary Q fever is a bacterial zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii that has been reported worldwide. On the Guiana Shield, a region mostly covered by Amazonian forest, which encompasses the Venezuelan State of Bolivar, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and the Brazilian State of Amapá, the situation is very heterogeneous. While French Guiana is the region reporting the highest incidence of this disease in the world, with a single infecting clone (MST 117) and a unique epidemiological cycle, it has hardly ever been reported in other countries in the region. This absence of cases raises many questions and is probably due to massive under-diagnosis. Studies should estimate comprehensively the true burden of this disease in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Epelboin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique (CIC INSERM 1424), Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Équipe EA 3593, Écosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPAT), Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Carole Eldin
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Centre de référence pour la prise en charge des maladies vectorielles à tiques, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Thill
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Service Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et du Voyageur, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France
| | - Vincent Pommier de Santi
- Aix-Marseille Université, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,French Military Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Abboud
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Gaëlle Walter
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Alessia Melzani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Paule Letertre-Gibert
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Lucas Perez
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Mathilde Boutrou
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jorlan Fernandes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Julman Rosiris Cermeño
- Departamento de Tuberculosis, Instituto de Biomedicina, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Maria Mercedes Panizo
- Mycology Department, National Institute of Hygiene Rafael Rangel, Caracas, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Stephen Gs Vreden
- Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Félix Djossou
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana.,Équipe EA 3593, Écosystèmes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPAT), Université de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Emmanuel Beillard
- Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Jacobus H de Waard
- Departamento de Parasitología y Microbiología, Escuela de Ciencias de la Salud "Dr. Francisco Battistini Casalta" - Universidad de Oriente, Núcleo Bolívar, Venezuela
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Lemtudo AP, Mutai BK, Mwamburi L, Waitumbi JN. Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in patients presenting with acute febrile illness at Marigat District Hospital, Baringo County, Kenya. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:2093-2099. [PMID: 33955713 PMCID: PMC8464244 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Q fever is not routinely diagnosed in Kenyan hospitals. This study reports on Q fever in patients presenting at Marigat District Hospital, Kenya, with febrile illness. ELISA was used to detect Coxiella burnetii phase antigens. Of 406 patients, 45 (11.1%) were judged to have acute disease (phase II IgM or IgG > phase I IgG), 2 (0.5%) were chronic (phase I IgG titer >800 or phase I IgG > phase II IgG), while 26 (6.4%) had previous exposure (phase I IgG titer <800). Age (6–10 years, p = 0.002) and contact with goats (p = 0.014) were significant risk factors. Compared to immunofluorescence antibody test, the sensitivity and specificity for phase I IgG were 84% and 98%, respectfully, 46% and 100% for phase II IgG and 35% and 89% for phase II IgM. It is concluded that the low sensitivity of phase II ELISA underestimated the true burden of acute Q fever in the study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan P. Lemtudo
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate‐Africa/KenyaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research/Kenya Medical Research InstituteKisumuKenya
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of ScienceUniversity of EldoretEldoretKenya
| | - Beth K. Mutai
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate‐Africa/KenyaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research/Kenya Medical Research InstituteKisumuKenya
| | - Lizzy Mwamburi
- Department of Biological SciencesSchool of ScienceUniversity of EldoretEldoretKenya
| | - John N. Waitumbi
- United States Army Medical Research Directorate‐Africa/KenyaWalter Reed Army Institute of Research/Kenya Medical Research InstituteKisumuKenya
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Mioni MDSR, Costa FB, Ribeiro BLD, Teixeira WSR, Pelicia VC, Labruna MB, Rousset É, Sidi-Boumedine K, Thiéry R, Megid J. Coxiella burnetii in slaughterhouses in Brazil: A public health concern. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241246. [PMID: 33125388 PMCID: PMC7598456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Q fever is an important zoonosis, yet it is often neglected and can present large outbreaks, as observed in the Netherlands. In the past few years, cases of Q fever have been described in Brazil; however, the epidemiological situation of Q fever in ruminants, the main reservoir of the pathogen, is unknown in this country. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of C. burnetii in cattle sent to slaughterhouses using an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). From 1515 cattle serum samples collected from nine slaughterhouses, 23.8% (360/1515) were serologically positive by IFA (cutoff titer>1:64), indicating past or recent exposure to C. burnetii infection. Among the 54 cities sampled during the study, 83.3% (45/54) had at least one seropositive animal. Subsequently, all seropositive samples were submitted to qPCR for C. burnetii DNA, and 12.2% (44/360) of the sera were qPCR positive, which indicates bacteremia and suggests active or recent infection. The results highlight the risk for abattoir workers that results from exposure to contaminated aerosols produced during slaughter procedures. Moreover, the heat maps that were construction from the positive samples demonstrate the widespread distribution of C. burnetii in the State of São Paulo, Brazil and denotes the need for surveillance and preventive measures to reduce the prevalence in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Borges Costa
- Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Bruna Letícia Devidé Ribeiro
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Sirley Reis Teixeira
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Pelicia
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Élodie Rousset
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Sophia Antipolis laboratory, Animal Q Fever Unit, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Karim Sidi-Boumedine
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Sophia Antipolis laboratory, Animal Q Fever Unit, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Richard Thiéry
- Anses, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health Safety, Sophia Antipolis laboratory, Animal Q Fever Unit, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jane Megid
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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9
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Colle AC, Mendonça RFBD, Maia MO, Freitas LDC, Witter R, Marcili A, Aguiar DMD, Muñoz-Leal S, Labruna MB, Rossi RV, Pacheco RDC. Molecular survey of tick-borne pathogens in small mammals from Brazilian Amazonia. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2019; 28:592-604. [PMID: 31800885 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Small non-volant mammals (marsupials and small rodents) were captured at three different timepoints from 23 forest fragments across three municipalities (Alta Floresta, Sinop and Cláudia) covering the Amazonian biome of the Mato Grosso State in Midwestern Brazil. The animal tissues (liver and spleen) and blood were screened using molecular tools for the detection of Babesia, Coxiella, Cytauxzoon, Hepatozoon, Theileria, and Anaplasmataceae agents. A total of 230 specimens (78 rodents and 152 marsupials) were trapped. Hepatozoon and Piroplasmorida agents were detected in the common opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). In turn, all samples (blood, liver, or spleen) collected from the small mammals were negative for the genus Coxiella and the family Anaplasmataceae, as detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Phylogenetic analyses inferred from partial sequences of the 18S rRNA gene highlighted the occurrence of new Hepatozoon and Piroplasmorida haplotypes. Future studies determining the role of common opossum (D. marsupialis) in the epidemiological cycles of Hepatozoon and Babesia under natural conditions in the Amazonian biome are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cláudia Colle
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias - PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Ravena Fernanda Braga de Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade - PPG-ECB, Instituto de Biociências - IB, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Maerle Oliveira Maia
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias - PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Leodil da Costa Freitas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias - PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Rute Witter
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias - PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Arlei Marcili
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Bem-Estar Animal, Universidade de Santo Amaro - UNISA, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniel Moura de Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias - PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Sebastián Muñoz-Leal
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal - VPS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal - VPS, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - FMVZ, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rogério Vieira Rossi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade - PPG-ECB, Instituto de Biociências - IB, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil.,Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Instituto de Biociências - IB, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
| | - Richard de Campos Pacheco
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias - PPGVET, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - FAVET, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Cuiabá, MT, Brasil
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10
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Zanatto DCS, Gatto IRH, Labruna MB, Jusi MMG, Samara SI, Machado RZ, André MR. Coxiella burnetii associated with BVDV (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus), BoHV (Bovine Herpesvirus), Leptospira spp., Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma vivax in reproductive disorders in cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 28:245-257. [PMID: 31215610 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of antibodies in ruminants against selected pathogens associated with reproductive disorders in cattle in four Brazilian states, including the zoonotic agent Coxiella burnetii. The used tests were Virus Neutralization Assay for IBR and BVD, Microscopic Agglutination Test for Leptospira spp., Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for C. burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Neospora caninum and Trypanosoma vivax. Seropositivity for C. burnetii was 13.7% with titers from 128 to 131,072; 57.8% for BoHV-1, with titers between 2 and 1,024; 47.1% for BVDV-1a, with titers from 10 to 5,120; 89.2% for N. caninum; 50% for T. vivax; and 52.0% for Leptospira spp., with titers between 100 to 800 (the following serovars were found: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae); 19.6% for T. gondii with titer of 40. This is the first study that has identified C. burnetii in cattle associated with BoHV and BVDV, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii and T. vivax. Thus, future studies should be conducted to investigate how widespread this pathogen is in Brazilian cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carlos Souza Zanatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Samir Issa Samara
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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11
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de Souza Ribeiro Mioni M, Ribeiro BLD, Peres MG, Teixeira WSR, Pelícia VC, Motta RG, Labruna MB, Ribeiro MG, Sidi-Boumedine K, Megid J. Real-time quantitative PCR-based detection of Coxiella burnetii in unpasteurized cow's milk sold for human consumption. Zoonoses Public Health 2019; 66:695-700. [PMID: 31173477 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen with a worldwide distribution that is responsible for Q fever in humans. It is a highly infectious bacterium that can be transmitted from cattle to humans through the consumption of unpasteurized milk. We report the molecular identification of C. burnetii in raw cow's milk being sold directly for human consumption in Brazil without official inspection or pasteurization. One hundred and twelve samples of raw milk were analysed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), and C. burnetii was detected in 3.57% (4/112) of the samples at a concentration ranging from 125 to 404 bacteria per millilitre. The identification of this zoonotic pathogen in raw milk sold directly for human consumption is a public health concern since C. burnetii can be transmitted through the oral route. This result indicates that health education and other preventive measures should be officially implemented in Brazil to prevent the spread of infection. To our knowledge, this is the first qPCR-based detection of C. burnetii in raw milk samples from cows sold in Brazil that do not undergo official inspection or pasteurization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus de Souza Ribeiro Mioni
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Bruna Letícia Devidé Ribeiro
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Marina Gea Peres
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Sirley Reis Teixeira
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Pelícia
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Karim Sidi-Boumedine
- Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation, de l'Environnement et du Travail, Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Jane Megid
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, Brazil
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12
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Damasceno IADM, Guerra RC. [Coxiella burnetii and Q fever in Brazil: a public health issue]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2019; 23:4231-4239. [PMID: 30540006 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182312.27772016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Q fever is a zoonosis that is broadly distributed worldwide, despite few reports associated with its occurrence in Brazil. Coxiella burnetii, namely the causative agent of Q fever is a gram-negative coccobacillus and an obligate intracellular bacterial parasite of the order of Legionellales. The microorganism is generally present in the urine and feces of infected animals and can be found in large quantities in placental membranes of at-term or aborted animals. The inhalation of particles suspended in the air or contaminated aerosols is the most common form of bacterial contact. Q Fever is a self-limited disease, and often progresses in a benign way. In cases where the disease progresses to the chronic form, endocarditis is the most prevalent manifestation. Clinical diagnosis is difficult since the symptoms are similar to many other diseases. In confirmed cases, antibiotic therapy is the treatment indicated. Given the lack of knowledge about the disease and the difficulty of diagnosis, it is believed that Q fever is more common than generally believed in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iangla Araujo de Melo Damasceno
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Econômicas e da Saúde de Araguaína, Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos. Av. Filadélfia 568, Setor Oeste. 77816-540 Araguaína TO Brasil.
| | - Ricardo Consigliero Guerra
- Faculdade de Ciências Humanas, Econômicas e da Saúde de Araguaína, Instituto Tocantinense Presidente Antônio Carlos. Av. Filadélfia 568, Setor Oeste. 77816-540 Araguaína TO Brasil.
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13
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Souza EARD, Castro EMSD, Oliveira GMBD, Azevedo SS, Peixoto RDM, Labruna MB, Horta MC. Serological diagnosis and risk factors for Coxiella burnetii in goats and sheep in a semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2018; 27:514-520. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic agent transmitted mainly by small ruminants. In Brazil the disease has been classified as a notifiable disease since 2013, when human cases were reported. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with the presence of anti- Coxiella burnetii antibodies in goats and sheep in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Sera of 412 goats and 403 sheep from municipality of Petrolina, Pernambuco, were examined by the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) against antigens of C. burnetii. Information about management variables (independent variables) that could be associated with the presence of the microorganism (dependent variables) were obtained from the supervisor of each farm. It was determined that 2.2% (9/412) of the goats and 2.1% (9/403) of the sheep had antibodies reactive to C. burnetii. The presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies was associated with the dry area of the Sequeiro (a region in the northern part of the municipality of Petrolina) (P = 0.025), male sheep (P = 0.020), and intensive goat breeding (P = 0.005). This study therefore showed the presence of anti-C. burnetii antibodies in goat and sheep, confirming for the first time that this agent is likely circulating among goat herds in the Caatinga Biome, semi-arid of Brazil.
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14
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Khamesipour F, Dida GO, Anyona DN, Razavi SM, Rakhshandehroo E. Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006722. [PMID: 30204754 PMCID: PMC6181433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales cause infections that often manifest as undifferentiated fevers that are not easy to distinguish from other causes of acute febrile illnesses clinically. This is partly attributed to difficulty in laboratory confirmation since convalescent sera, specific diagnostic reagents, and the required expertise may not be readily available. As a result, a number of tick-borne zoonoses are underappreciated resulting in unnecessary morbidity, mortality and huge economic loses. In Iran, a significant proportion of human infectious diseases are tick-borne, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that tick-borne zoonoses are widespread but underreported in the country. Epidemiological review is therefore necessary to aid in the effective control and prevention of tick-borne zonooses in Iran. The aim of this review is to provide an in-depth and comprehensive overview of anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, spotted fever group rickettsioses and coxiellosis in Iran. METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, all relevant publications on tick-borne zoonoses in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales in Iran were searched using a number of search terms. The search was confined to authentic resources from repositories of popular data bases among them PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Science Direct, SpringerLink and SCOPUS. The search items included peer reviewed journals, books and book chapters published between 1996 and 2017. RESULTS A total of 1 205 scientific publications and reports were sourced, of which 63 met the search criteria and were reviewed. Of the 63 articles reviewed, 36 (57.1%) reported on coxiellosis, 15 (23.8%) on anaplasmosis, 11 (17.5%) on ehrlichiosis and 1(1.6%) on spotted fever group rickettsiae in a large scale study involving four countries, among them Iran. The existence of tick-borne pathogens in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales was confirmed by molecular, serological and microscopic techniques conducted on samples obtained from sheep, cattle, goats, camels, poultry, animal products (milk and eggs), dogs, ticks and even human subjects in different parts of the country; pointing to a countrywide distribution. DISCUSSION Based on the review, coxiellosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and SFG rickettsiae can be categorized as emerging tick-borne zoonotic diseases in Iran given the presence of their causiative agents (C. burnetii, A. phagocytophilum, A. marginale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. central, E. canis, E. ewingii, E. chaffeensis and R. conorii) collectively reported in a variety of domestic animals, animal products, arthropods and human beings drawn from 22 provinces in Iran. CONCLUSION Given the asymptomatic nature of some of these zoonoses, there is a high likelihood of silent transmission to humans in many parts of the country, which should be considered a public health concern. Presently, information on the transmission intensity of tick-borne zoonoses caused by pathogens in the Order Rickettsiales and Legionellales to humans and its public health impact in Iran is scanty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faham Khamesipour
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gabriel O. Dida
- School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
- Department of Community and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Douglas N. Anyona
- School of Environment and Earth Sciences, Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - S. Mostafa Razavi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ehsan Rakhshandehroo
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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15
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Rozental T, Silva ASVD, Oliveira RCD, Favacho ARDM, Oliveira MDLA, Bastos FI, Lemos ERSD. Seroprevalence of Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Hantavirus among people who inject drugs in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a retrospective assessment of a biobank. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018; 60:e31. [PMID: 30043935 PMCID: PMC6056887 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201860031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing use of illicit drugs imposes a public health challenge worldwide.
People who inject drugs (PWID) are more susceptible to health complications due
to immunosuppression associated with drug use and non-hygienic
self-administration of substances, contaminants, and liquids. PWID are subjected
to increased risk of acquiring and transmitting different pathogens (frequently
functioning as sentinel cases for (re)emerging pathogens), including those
transmitted by arthropods and vertebrate reservoirs in unhealthy environments. A
clear association between injection drug use and HIV, HBV, and HCV infections
has been described; however, other infectious viral and bacterial agents have
been seldomly assessed. In this study, we investigated the seroprevalence of
Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, and
Hantavirus among 300 randomly selected PWIDs from Rio de
Janeiro, as part of a multi-city cross-sectional study carried out in the 1990s.
Point seroprevalences and respective 95% CIs are as follows: 9.3% for C.
burnetii (95% CI: 6.0%-13.0%), 1.0% for Bartonella
spp. (95% CI: 0.0%-3.0%), and 4.0% for
Hantavirus (95% CI: 2.0%-7.0%). In addition to the
blood-borne pathogens, the results of this study increase our knowledge on other
transmissible infectious agents in PWID. The high seroprevalence of C.
burnetii and Hantavirus found among PWID is
intriguing and suggests the need to carry out prospective studies, including
molecular analyses, to confirm these findings and allow a better understanding
of the putative relevance of these zoonotic infectious agents among PWID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Rozental
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anamaria Szrajbman Vaz da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Carvalho de Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Francisco Inácio Bastos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Departamento de Informações em Saúde, Centro de Informação Científica e Tecnológica, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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16
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de Oliveira JMB, Rozental T, de Lemos ERS, Forneas D, Ortega-Mora LM, Porto WJN, da Fonseca Oliveira AA, Mota RA. Coxiella burnetii in dairy goats with a history of reproductive disorders in Brazil. Acta Trop 2018; 183:19-22. [PMID: 29621535 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, an intracellular bacterium, is the agent of Q fever/coxiellosis, a worldwide zoonosis. Dairy animals are the primary reservoirs of C. burnetii, and although the disease is usually asymptomatic or subclinical, abortion is a serious clinical outcome among small ruminants. This study was conducted to investigate C. burnetii seroprevalence and infection In a flock of dairy goats in Brazil. Serum samples from 312 goats collected from a dairy goat flock with a history of reproductive failure were tested by a commercial ELISA (LSIVet Ruminant Q Fever - Serum/Milk; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Lissieu, France) for anti-C. burnetii IgG antibodies. Samples of cotyledons from 23 placentas were analyzed by nested PCR for the presence of the bacterial DNA. ELISA seroreactivity was found in 55.1% (172/312; 95% CI = 49.4%-60.7%) of the serum samples analyzed. C. burnetii DNA was detected in 8.7% (2/23) of the placental samples tested, where both animals were also seropositive. This study reports the first description of C. burnetii infection in an abortion outbreak in goats in Brazil. The results point out to the importance of including this disease in animal and public health surveillance programs as well as into the list of abortive diseases in goats in Brazil.
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17
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Mares-Guia MAMM, Guterres A, Rozental T, Ferreira MDS, Lemos ERS. Clinical and epidemiological use of nested PCR targeting the repetitive element IS1111 associated with the transposase gene from Coxiella burnetii. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 49:138-143. [PMID: 28899604 PMCID: PMC5790644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii-a small obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium found in a variety of animals. It is transmitted to humans by inhalation of contaminated aerosols from urine, feces, milk, amniotic fluid, placenta, abortion products, wool, and rarely by ingestion of raw milk from infected animals. Nested PCR can improve the sensitivity and specificity of testing while offering a suitable amplicon size for sequencing. Serial dilutions were performed tenfold to test the limit of detection, and the result was 10× detection of C. burnetti DNA with internal nested PCR primers relative to trans-PCR. Different biological samples were tested and identified only in nested PCR. This demonstrates the efficiency and effectiveness of the primers. Of the 19 samples, which amplify the partial sequence of C. burnetii, 12 were positive by conventional PCR and nested PCR. Seven samples-five spleen tissue samples from rodents and two tick samples-were only positive in nested PCR. With these new internal primers for trans-PCR, we demonstrate that our nested PCR assay for C. burnetii can achieve better results than conventional PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Hantavirus and Rickettsioses, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rozental
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Hantavirus and Rickettsioses, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Elba R S Lemos
- Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Laboratory of Hantavirus and Rickettsioses, Fiocruz, RJ, Brazil.
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Zoonotic pathogens in Atlantic Forest wild rodents in Brazil: Bartonella and Coxiella infections. Acta Trop 2017; 168:64-73. [PMID: 28077317 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens comprise a significant and increasing fraction of all emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases that plague humans. Identifying host species is one of the keys to controlling emerging infectious diseases. From March 2007 until April 2012, we collected a total of 131 wild rodents in eight municipalities of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We investigated these rodents for infection with Coxiella burnetii, Bartonella spp. and Rickettsia spp. In total, 22.1% (29/131) of the rodents were infected by at least one pathogen; co-infection was detected in 1.5% (2/131) of rodents. Coxiella burnetii was detected in 4.6% (6/131) of the wild animals, 17.6% of the rodents harbored Bartonella spp. No cases of Rickettsia were identified. Bartonella doshiae and Bartonella vinsonii were the species found on the wild mammals. This report is the first to note C. burnetii, B. doshiae and B. vinsonii natural infections in Atlantic Forest wild rodents in Brazil. Our work highlights the potential risk of transmission to humans, since most of the infected specimens belong to generalist species that live near human dwellings.
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Mares-Guia MAMM, Rozental T, Guterres A, Ferreira MDS, Botticini RDG, Terra AKC, Marraschi S, Bochner R, Lemos ERS. Molecular Identification of Q Fever in Patients with a Suspected Diagnosis of Dengue in Brazil in 2013-2014. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1090-4. [PMID: 26928831 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Q fever is an important cause of undifferentiated fever that is rarely recognized or reported in Brazil. The objective of this study was to look for the presence of Coxiella burnetii during a dengue fever outbreak in the municipality of Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, where this bacterium had previously infected humans and domesticated animals. Blood samples from clinically suspected dengue fever patients were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for C. burnetii; the DNA was detected in nine (3.3%) of 272 patients. One was coinfected with dengue virus, which was also detected in another 166 (61.3%) patients. The nucleotide sequence of PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of the IS1111 transposase elements in the genome of C. burnetii exhibited 99% identity with the sequence in GenBank. The detection of C. burnetii in patients suspected of dengue fever indicates that awareness and knowledge of Q fever should be strengthened and that this bacterium is present in Brazil. Finally, because a negative molecular result does not completely rule out the diagnosis of Q fever and the serological assay based on seroconversion was not available, the actual number of this zoonosis is likely to be much higher than that reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angélica M M Mares-Guia
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Rozental
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michelle Dos Santos Ferreira
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato De Gasperis Botticini
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Kely Carolina Terra
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandro Marraschi
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rosany Bochner
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elba R S Lemos
- Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Clínicas, Hospital Municipal Desembargador Leal Junior, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Vigilância Epidemiológica Municipal de Itaboraí, Município de Itaboraí, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Noda AA, Rodríguez I, Miranda J, Contreras V, Mattar S. First molecular evidence of Coxiella burnetii infecting ticks in Cuba. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2015; 7:68-70. [PMID: 26372520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii is the causative agent of Q fever. In order to explore the occurrence of C. burnetii in ticks, samples were collected from horses, dogs and humans living in a Cuban occidental community. The species most commonly recovered were Amblyomma mixtum (67%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (27%) and Dermacentor nitens (6%). Specific IS1111 PCR and amplicon sequencing allowed the identification of C. burnetii DNA in A. mixtum collected from a domestic horse. These findings, for first time in Cuba, indicate the need for an in-depth assessment of the C. burnetii occurrence in hosts and humans at risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel A Noda
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical "Pedro Kourí", Habana, Cuba.
| | | | - Jorge Miranda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Verónica Contreras
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
| | - Salim Mattar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería, Colombia
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Mares-Guia MAMDM, Rozental T, Guterres A, Gomes R, Almeida DND, Moreira NS, Barreira JD, Favacho AR, Santana AL, Lemos ERSD. Molecular identification of the agent of Q fever - Coxiella burnetii - in domestic animals in State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2014; 47:231-4. [PMID: 24861300 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0076-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the last recent years, the number of Q fever cases have has increased throughout the world. An epidemiological investigation was performed in the area in which the first molecular documentation of Q fever in Brazil was previously reported. METHODS Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and PCR of Coxiella burnetii targeting the htpAB gene were performed in samples from 14 dogs (blood); 1 cat (blood); 10 goats (blood, milk, vaginal swab and anal swab); 3 sheep (blood); and 2 horses (blood). RESULTS Two dogs, two sheep and five goats were seroreactive. DNA was amplified from 6 milk and 2 blood samples from goats and from dogs, respectively. The sequence of the amplicons exhibited 99% sequence similarity with the homologous sequence of the htpAB gene of C. burnetii RSA 331 (GenBank - CP000890). CONCLUSIONS The results confirm C. burnetii infection in animals in Rio de Janeiro and reinforce the need for the surveillance of Q fever in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tatiana Rozental
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Raphael Gomes
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Daniele Nunes de Almeida
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Namir Santos Moreira
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jairo Dias Barreira
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Alexsandra Rodrigues Favacho
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Elba Regina Sampaio de Lemos
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Eldin C, Mahamat A, Demar M, Abboud P, Djossou F, Raoult D. Q fever in French Guiana. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:771-6. [PMID: 25092817 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is present worldwide. Recent studies have shown that this bacterium is an emerging pathogen in French Guiana and has a high prevalence (24% of community-acquired pneumonia). In this review, we focus on the peculiar epidemiology of Q fever in French Guiana. We place it in the context of the epidemiology of the disease in the surrounding countries of South America. We also review the clinical features of Q fever in this region, which has severe initial presentation but low mortality rates. These characteristics seem to be linked to a unique genotype (genotype 17). Finally, we discuss the issue of the animal reservoir of C. burnetii in French Guiana, which is still unknown. Further studies are necessary to identify this reservoir. Identification of this reservoir will improve the understanding of the Q fever epidemic in French Guiana and will provide new tools to control this public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Eldin
- Unité de Recherche sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Ttropicales Émergentes, Unités Mxtes de Rcherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite 1095, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Aba Mahamat
- Unité de Recherche sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Ttropicales Émergentes, Unités Mxtes de Rcherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite 1095, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Magalie Demar
- Unité de Recherche sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Ttropicales Émergentes, Unités Mxtes de Rcherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite 1095, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Philippe Abboud
- Unité de Recherche sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Ttropicales Émergentes, Unités Mxtes de Rcherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite 1095, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Félix Djossou
- Unité de Recherche sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Ttropicales Émergentes, Unités Mxtes de Rcherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite 1095, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Didier Raoult
- Unité de Recherche sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Ttropicales Émergentes, Unités Mxtes de Rcherche, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 198, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unite 1095, Faculté de Médecine, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Unité de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Meredith AL, Cleaveland SC, Denwood MJ, Brown JK, Shaw DJ. Coxiella burnetii (Q-Fever) Seroprevalence in Prey and Predators in the United Kingdom: Evaluation of Infection in Wild Rodents, Foxes and Domestic Cats Using a Modified ELISA. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 62:639-49. [PMID: 24479951 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Coxiella burnetii, the agent of Q-fever, is recognized as a worldwide zoonosis with a wide host range and potentially complex reservoir systems. Infected ruminants are the main source of infection for humans, but cats and other mammals, including wild rodents, also represent potential sources of infection. There has been a recent upsurge of reported cases in humans, domestic ruminants and wildlife in many parts of the world, and studies have indicated that wild brown rats may act as true reservoirs for C. burnetii and be implicated in outbreaks in livestock and humans. However, investigation of reservoir systems is limited by lack of validated serological tests for wildlife or other non-target species. In this study, serum samples from 796 wild rodents (180 bank voles, 309 field voles, 307 wood mice) 102 wild foxes and 26 domestic cats from three study areas in the UK were tested for the presence of antibodies to C. burnetii using a commercial indirect ELISA kit modified for use in multiple wildlife species. Test thresholds were determined for each species in the absence of species-specific reference sera using a bi-modal latent class mixture model to discriminate between positive from negative results. Based on the thresholds determined, seroprevalence in the wild rodents ranged from 15.6% to 19.1% depending on species (overall 17.3%) and was significantly higher in both foxes (41.2%) and cats (61.5%) than in rodents. This is the first report to quantify seroprevalence to C. burnetii in bank voles, field voles, wood mice, foxes and cats in the UK and provides evidence that predator species could act as indicators for the presence of C. burnetii in rodents. The study demonstrates that wildlife species could be significant reservoirs of infection for both livestock and humans, and the high seroprevalence in domestic cats highlights the potential zoonotic risk from this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Meredith
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
| | - S C Cleaveland
- Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - M J Denwood
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J K Brown
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D J Shaw
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies & The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, UK
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Pacheco RC, Echaide IE, Alves RN, Beletti ME, Nava S, Labruna MB. Coxiella burnetii in ticks, Argentina. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:344-6. [PMID: 23343647 PMCID: PMC3559035 DOI: 10.3201/eid1902.120362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Coxiella symbiont in the tick Ornithodoros rostratus (Acari: Argasidae). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2012; 3:203-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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