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Cargnin Faccin F, Perez DR. Pandemic preparedness through vaccine development for avian influenza viruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2347019. [PMID: 38807261 PMCID: PMC11141480 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2347019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses pose a significant threat to global health, impacting both humans and animals. Zoonotic transmission, particularly from swine and avian species, is the primary source of human influenza outbreaks. Notably, avian influenza viruses of the H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 subtypes are of pandemic concern through their global spread and sporadic human infections. Preventing and controlling these viruses is critical due to their high threat level. Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for influenza prevention and control in humans, despite varying vaccine efficacy across strains. This review focuses specifically on pandemic preparedness for avian influenza viruses. We delve into vaccines tested in animal models and summarize clinical trials conducted on H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 vaccines in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Cargnin Faccin
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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2
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Lin X, Yang F, Yan S, Wu H, Wang P, Zhao Y, Shi D, Yao H, Wu H, Li L. Preparation and characterization of mouse-derived monoclonal antibodies against the hemagglutinin of the H1N1 influenza virus. Virus Res 2024; 345:199402. [PMID: 38772446 PMCID: PMC11156778 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
H1N1 influenza virus is a significant global public health concern. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting specific viral proteins such as hemagglutinin (HA) have become an important therapeutic strategy, offering highly specific targeting to block viral transmission and infection. This study focused on the development of mAbs targeting HA of the A/Victoria/2570/2019 (H1N1pdm09, VIC-19) strain by utilizing hybridoma technology to produce two mAbs with high binding capacity. Notably, mAb 2B2 has demonstrated a strong affinity for HA proteins in recent H1N1 influenza vaccine strains. In vitro assessments showed that both mAbs exhibited broad-spectrum hemagglutination inhibition and potent neutralizing effects against various vaccine strains of H1N1pdm09 viruses. 2B2 was also effective in animal models, offering both preventive and therapeutic protection against infections caused by recent H1N1 strains, highlighting its potential for clinical application. By individually co-cultivating each of the aforementioned mAbs with the virus in chicken embryos, four amino acid substitution sites in HA (H138Q, G140R, A141E/V, and D187E) were identified in escape mutants, three in the antigenic site Ca2, and one in Sb. The identification of such mutations is pivotal, as it compels further investigation into how these alterations could undermine the binding efficacy and neutralization capacity of antibodies, thereby impacting the design and optimization of mAb therapies and influenza vaccines. This research highlights the necessity for continuous exploration into the dynamic interaction between viral evolution and antibody response, which is vital for the formulation of robust therapeutic and preventive strategies against influenza.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Mice
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests
- Humans
- Chick Embryo
- Female
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiantian Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Sijing Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Han Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Danrong Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Hangping Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine,79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou City 310003, China.
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Feng J, Du Y, Chen L, Su W, Wei H, Liu A, Jiang X, Guo J, Dai C, Xu Y, Peng T. A quadrivalent recombinant influenza Hemagglutinin vaccine induced strong protective immune responses in animal models. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00624-8. [PMID: 38834431 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Globally, influenza poses a substantial threat to public health, serving as a major contributor to both morbidity and mortality. The current vaccines for seasonal influenza are not optimal. A novel recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) protein-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, SCVC101, has been developed. SCVC101-S contains standard dose protein (15μg of rHA per virus strain) and an oil-in-water adjuvant, CD-A, which enhances the immunogenicity and cross-protection of the vaccine. Preclinical studies in mice, rats, and rhesus macaques demonstrate that SCVC101-S induces robust humoral and cellular immune responses, surpassing those induced by commercially available vaccines. Notably, a single injection with SCVC101-S can induce a strong immune response in macaques, suggesting the potential for a standard-dose vaccination with a recombinant protein influenza vaccine. Furthermore, SCVC101-S induces cross-protection immune responses against heterologous viral strains, indicating broader protection than current vaccines. In conclusion, SCVC101-S has demonstrated safety and efficacy in preclinical settings and warrants further investigation in human clinical trials. Its potential as a valuable addition to the vaccines against seasonal influenza, particularly for the elderly population, is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Feng
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou Bio-Island, Guangzhou 510005, China; Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yingying Du
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Liyun Chen
- Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Wenhan Su
- Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Hailiu Wei
- Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Aijiao Liu
- Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaojun Jiang
- Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- Guangzhou Bay Area Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Cailing Dai
- Guangzhou Bay Area Institute of Biomedicine, Guangdong Lewwin Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Yuhua Xu
- Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Tao Peng
- Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Guangdong South China Vaccine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China.
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Tian Y, Deng Z, Chuai Z, Li C, Chang L, Sun F, Cao R, Yu H, Xiao R, Lu S, Xu Y, Yang P. A combination influenza mRNA vaccine candidate provided broad protection against diverse influenza virus challenge. Virology 2024; 596:110125. [PMID: 38805804 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Influenza viruses present a significant threat to global health. The production of a universal vaccine is considered essential due to the ineffectiveness of current seasonal influenza vaccines against mutant strains. mRNA technology offers new prospects in vaccinology, with various candidates for different infectious diseases currently in development and testing phases. In this study, we encapsulated a universal influenza mRNA vaccine. The vaccine encoded influenza hemagglutinin (HA), nucleoprotein (NP), and three tandem repeats of matrix protein 2 (3M2e). Twice-vaccinated mice exhibited strong humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in vivo. Notably, these immune responses led to a significant reduction in viral load of the lungs in challenged mice, and also conferred protection against future wild-type H1N1, H3N2, or H5N1 influenza virus challenges. Our findings suggest that this mRNA-universal vaccine strategy for influenza virus may be instrumental in mitigating the impact of future influenza pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Tian
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhuoya Deng
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhengran Chuai
- The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Cong Li
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Liangzheng Chang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fang Sun
- The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hongyu Yu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruixue Xiao
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Penghui Yang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China; School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China.
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5
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Jansen JM, Meineke R, Molle A, van de Sandt CE, Saletti G, Rimmelzwaan GF. Selective pressure mediated by influenza virus M1 58-66 epitope-specific CD8 +T cells promotes accumulation of extra-epitopic amino acid substitutions associated with viral resistance to these T cells. Virus Res 2024; 343:199355. [PMID: 38490580 PMCID: PMC10955411 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are notorious for their capacity to evade host immunity. Not only can they evade recognition by virus-neutralizing antibodies, there is also evidence that they accumulate mutations in epitopes recognized by virus-specific CD8+T cells. In addition, we have shown previously that human influenza A viruses were less well recognized than avian influenza viruses by CD8+T cells directed to the highly conserved, HLA-A*02:01 restricted M158-66 epitope located in the Matrix 1 (M1) protein. Amino acid differences at residues outside the epitope were responsible for the differential recognition, and it was hypothesized that this reflected immune adaptation of human influenza viruses to selective pressure exerted by M158-66-specific CD8+T cells in the human population. In the present study, we tested this hypothesis and investigated if selective pressure exerted by M158-66 epitope-specific CD8+T cells could drive mutations at the extra-epitopic residues in vitro. To this end, isogenic influenza A viruses with the M1 gene of a human or an avian influenza virus were serially passaged in human lung epithelial A549 cells that transgenically express the HLA-A*02:01 molecule or not, in the presence or absence of M158-66 epitope-specific CD8+T cells. Especially in the virus with the M1 gene of an avian influenza virus, variants emerged with mutations at the extra-epitopic residues associated with reduced recognition by M158-66-specific T cells as detected by Next Generation Sequencing. Although the emergence of these variants was observed in the absence of selective pressure exerted by M158-66 epitope-specific CD8+T cells, their proportion was much larger in the presence of this selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina M Jansen
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Meineke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Antonia Molle
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Giulietta Saletti
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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Sanchez PL, Andre G, Antipov A, Petrovsky N, Ross TM. Advax-SM™-Adjuvanted COBRA (H1/H3) Hemagglutinin Influenza Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:455. [PMID: 38793706 PMCID: PMC11125990 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants enhance immune responses stimulated by vaccines. To date, many seasonal influenza vaccines are not formulated with an adjuvant. In the present study, the adjuvant Advax-SM™ was combined with next generation, broadly reactive influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccines that were designed using a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) methodology. Advax-SM™ is a novel adjuvant comprising inulin polysaccharide and CpG55.2, a TLR9 agonist. COBRA HA vaccines were combined with Advax-SM™ or a comparator squalene emulsion (SE) adjuvant and administered to mice intramuscularly. Mice vaccinated with Advax-SM™ adjuvanted COBRA HA vaccines had increased serum levels of anti-influenza IgG and IgA, high hemagglutination inhibition activity against a panel of H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses, and increased anti-influenza antibody secreting cells isolated from spleens. COBRA HA plus Advax-SM™ immunized mice were protected against both morbidity and mortality following viral challenge and, at postmortem, had no detectable lung viral titers or lung inflammation. Overall, the Advax-SM™-adjuvanted COBRA HA formulation provided effective protection against drifted H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro L. Sanchez
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Greiciely Andre
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Adelaide, SA 5046, Australia; (G.A.); (A.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Anna Antipov
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Adelaide, SA 5046, Australia; (G.A.); (A.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- Vaxine Pty Ltd., Adelaide, SA 5046, Australia; (G.A.); (A.A.); (N.P.)
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Infection Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Jangra S, Lamoot A, Singh G, Laghlali G, Chen Y, Ye T, García-Sastre A, De Geest BG, Schotsaert M. Lipid nanoparticle composition for adjuvant formulation modulates disease after influenza virus infection in quadrivalent influenza vaccine vaccinated mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370564. [PMID: 38711520 PMCID: PMC11070541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
There are considerable avenues through which currently licensed influenza vaccines could be optimized. We tested influenza vaccination in a mouse model with two adjuvants: Sendai virus-derived defective interfering (SDI) RNA, a RIG-I agonist; and an amphiphilic imidazoquinoline (IMDQ-PEG-Chol), a TLR7/8 agonist. The negatively charged SDI RNA was formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) facilitating direct delivery of SDI RNA to the cytosol, where RIG-I sensing induces inflammatory and type I interferon responses. We previously tested SDI RNA and IMDQ-PEG-Chol as standalone and combination adjuvants for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here, we tested two different ionizable lipids, K-Ac7-Dsa and S-Ac7-Dog, for LNP formulations. The LNPs were incorporated with SDI RNA to determine its potential as a combination adjuvant with IMDQ-PEG-Chol by evaluating the host immune response to vaccination and infection in immunized BALB/c mice. Adjuvanticity of IMDQ-PEG-Chol with and without empty or SDI-loaded LNPs was validated with quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV), showing robust induction of antibody titers and T-cell responses. Depending on the adjuvant combination and LNP formulation, humoral and cellular vaccine responses could be tailored towards type 1 or type 2 host responses with specific cytokine profiles that correlated with the protective responses to viral infection. The extent of protection conferred by different vaccine/LNP/adjuvant combinations was tested by challenging mice with a vaccine-matched strain of influenza A virus A/Singapore/gp1908/2015 IVR-180 (H1N1). Groups that received either LNP formulated with SDI or IMDQ-PEG-Chol, or both, showed very low levels of viral replication in their lungs at 5 days post-infection (DPI). These studies provide evidence that the combination of vaccines with LNPs and/or adjuvants promote antigen-specific cellular responses that can contribute to protection upon infection. Interestingly, we observed differences in humoral and cellular responses to vaccination between different groups receiving K-Ac7-Dsa or S-Ac7-Dog lipids in LNP formulations. The differences were also reflected in inflammatory responses in lungs of vaccinated animals to infection, depending on LNP formulations. Therefore, this study suggests that the composition of the LNPs, particularly the ionizable lipid, plays an important role in inducing inflammatory responses in vivo, which is important for vaccine safety and to prevent adverse effects upon viral exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gabriel Laghlali
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tingting Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Kasten-Jolly J, Lawrence DA. Cellular and Molecular Immunity to Influenza Viruses and Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:389. [PMID: 38675771 PMCID: PMC11154265 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune responses to influenza (flu) antigens reflect memory of prior infections or vaccinations, which might influence immunity to new flu antigens. Memory of past antigens has been termed "original antigenic sin" or, more recently, "immune imprinting" and "seniority". We have researched a comparison between the immune response to live flu infections and inactivated flu vaccinations. A brief history of antibody generation theories is presented, culminating in new findings about the immune-network theory and suggesting that a network of clones exists between anti-idiotypic antibodies and T cell receptors. Findings regarding the 2009 pandemic flu strain and immune responses to it are presented, including memory B cells and conserved regions within the hemagglutinin protein. The importance of CD4+ memory T cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells responding to both infections and vaccinations are discussed and compared. Innate immune cells, like natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages, are discussed regarding their roles in adaptive immune responses. Antigen presentation via macroautophagy processes is described. New vaccines in development are mentioned along with the results of some clinical trials. The manuscript concludes with how repeated vaccinations are impacting the immune system and a sketch of what might be behind the imprinting phenomenon, including future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kasten-Jolly
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
| | - David A. Lawrence
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA;
- Departments of Biomedical Science and Environmental Health Science, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
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Finn CM, McKinstry KK. Ex Pluribus Unum: The CD4 T Cell Response against Influenza A Virus. Cells 2024; 13:639. [PMID: 38607077 PMCID: PMC11012043 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Current Influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines, which primarily aim to generate neutralizing antibodies against the major surface proteins of specific IAV strains predicted to circulate during the annual 'flu' season, are suboptimal and are characterized by relatively low annual vaccine efficacy. One approach to improve protection is for vaccines to also target the priming of virus-specific T cells that can protect against IAV even in the absence of preexisting neutralizing antibodies. CD4 T cells represent a particularly attractive target as they help to promote responses by other innate and adaptive lymphocyte populations and can also directly mediate potent effector functions. Studies in murine models of IAV infection have been instrumental in moving this goal forward. Here, we will review these findings, focusing on distinct subsets of CD4 T cell effectors that have been shown to impact outcomes. This body of work suggests that a major challenge for next-generation vaccines will be to prime a CD4 T cell population with the same spectrum of functional diversity generated by IAV infection. This goal is encapsulated well by the motto 'ex pluribus unum': that an optimal CD4 T cell response comprises many individual specialized subsets responding together.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Kai McKinstry
- Immunity and Pathogenesis Division, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA;
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10
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Dos Santos G, Devadiga R, Kim CS, Bang J. An 8-Year Prospective, Observational, Multi-centre Post-Marketing Safety Surveillance Study Conducted in South Korea (2014-2022) Following the Introduction of GSK's Inactivated Quadrivalent Seasonal Influenza Vaccine (Fluarix Tetra) for Subjects Aged 6 Months and Older. Drug Saf 2024; 47:365-375. [PMID: 38483767 PMCID: PMC10955014 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-024-01395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Seasonal influenza is associated with substantial public health burden. The objective of this study was to assess the safety of inactivated quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (IIV4, Fluarix Tetra, GSK, Belgium) in subjects aged ≥ 6 months in Korea. METHODS This prospective, observational, non-comparative, multi-centre post-marketing surveillance study was conducted in Korea in subjects aged ≥ 3 years for 6 years (2014-2020) and extended to subjects aged 6-35 months for 4 years (2018-2022). Subjects received IIV4 in routine clinical practice according to local prescribing information. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded over 21 days post-vaccination. RESULTS The group aged ≥ 3 years included 701 subjects (mean 31.97 years, range 3-86 years, 46.36% male), and the group aged 6-35 months included 687 subjects (mean 16.31 months, 47.02% male). In the group aged ≥ 3 years, 98 subjects (13.98%) reported 140 AEs, of which 42 events in 34 subjects (4.85%) were adverse reactions to vaccine (ARVs). Most of the ARVs were expected, mainly administration site reactions. There were seven mild unexpected ARVs. In the group aged 6-35 months, 248 AEs were reported in 149/687 subjects (21.69%). ARVs were reported in 25/687 subjects (3.64%, 29 events); one was considered unexpected. There were five serious AEs overall, none of which were considered related. CONCLUSION No safety concerns were found during this surveillance study of IIV4 in subjects aged ≥ 6 months in Korea. The findings of this study suggest IIV4 is safe and well tolerated for use in all age groups with a vaccine indication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun Soo Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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11
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Youhanna J, Tran V, Hyer R, Domnich A. Immunogenicity of Enhanced Influenza Vaccines Against Mismatched Influenza Strains in Older Adults: A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13286. [PMID: 38594827 PMCID: PMC11004266 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigenic drift is a major driver of viral evolution and a primary reason why influenza vaccines must be reformulated annually. Mismatch between vaccine and circulating viral strains negatively affects vaccine effectiveness and often contributes to higher rates of influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths, particularly in years dominated by A(H3N2). Several countries recommend enhanced influenza vaccines for older adults, who are at the highest risk of severe influenza complications and mortality. The immunogenicity of enhanced vaccines against heterologous A(H3N2) strains has been examined in nine studies to date. In six studies, an enhanced, licensed MF59-adjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (aIIV3) consistently increased heterologous antibody titers relative to standard influenza vaccine, with evidence of a broad heterologous immune response across multiple genetic clades. In one study, licensed high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (HD-IIV3) also induced higher heterologous antibody titers than standard influenza vaccine. In a study comparing a higher dose licensed quadrivalent recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4) with HD-IIV3 and aIIV3, no significant differences in antibody titers against a heterologous strain were observed, although seroconversion rates were higher with RIV4 versus comparators. With the unmet medical need for improved influenza vaccines, the paucity of studies especially with enhanced vaccines covering mismatched strains highlights a need for further investigation of cross-protection in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vy Tran
- CSL Seqirus LtdSummitNew JerseyUSA
| | - Randall Hyer
- Baruch S. Blumberg InstituteDoylestownPennsylvaniaUSA
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12
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White CL, Glover MA, Gandhapudi SK, Richards KA, Sant AJ. Flublok Quadrivalent Vaccine Adjuvanted with R-DOTAP Elicits a Robust and Multifunctional CD4 T Cell Response That Is of Greater Magnitude and Functional Diversity Than Conventional Adjuvant Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:281. [PMID: 38543915 PMCID: PMC10975948 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
It is clear that new approaches are needed to promote broadly protective immunity to viral pathogens, particularly those that are prone to mutation and escape from antibody-mediated immunity. CD4+ T cells, known to target many viral proteins and highly conserved peptide epitopes, can contribute greatly to protective immunity through multiple mechanisms. Despite this potential, CD4+ T cells are often poorly recruited by current vaccine strategies. Here, we have analyzed a promising new adjuvant (R-DOTAP), as well as conventional adjuvant systems AddaVax with or without an added TLR9 agonist CpG, to promote CD4+ T cell responses to the licensed vaccine Flublok containing H1, H3, and HA-B proteins. Our studies, using a preclinical mouse model of vaccination, revealed that the addition of R-DOTAP to Flublok dramatically enhances the magnitude and functionality of CD4+ T cells specific for HA-derived CD4+ T cell epitopes, far outperforming conventional adjuvant systems based on cytokine EliSpot assays and multiparameter flow cytometry. The elicited CD4+ T cells specific for HA-derived epitopes produce IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4/5, and granzyme B and have multifunctional potential. Hence, R-DOTAP, which has been verified safe by human studies, can offer exciting opportunities as an immune stimulant for next-generation prophylactic recombinant protein-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantelle L. White
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Maryah A. Glover
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Siva K. Gandhapudi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40508, USA;
| | - Katherine A. Richards
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
| | - Andrea J. Sant
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (C.L.W.); (M.A.G.); (K.A.R.)
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13
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Okoli GN, Righolt CH, Zhang G, Alessi-Severini S, Van Caeseele P, fan Kuo I, Mahmud SM. Characteristics and determinants of seasonal influenza vaccination in Manitoba, Canada: A population-wide record-linkage study. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100435. [PMID: 38299203 PMCID: PMC10825609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) uptake (receipt of vaccine) in Manitoba, Canada is consistently low notwithstanding vaccine availability and free-of-charge vaccination. Despite, there is a lack of published evidence on the determinants of uptake of the vaccine. We sought to assess the association between SIV uptake and certain population and primary care physician (PCP) characteristics in Manitoba. Methods We conducted a longitudinal study utilizing Manitoba administrative health databases. We summarized SIV uptake from 2000/01-2019/20 influenza seasons across subpopulations defined by socioeconomic, health-related and PCP characteristics. Utilizing multivariable generalized estimating equation logistic regression models, we assessed the association between SIV uptake and the socioeconomic, health-related and PCP characteristics, stratified by age group (<5-, 5-17-, 18-44-, 45-64-, ≥65-year-olds) and sex. Results are adjusted odds ratios with associated 95 % confidence intervals. Results SIV uptake percentage increased over time with 4.4 %, 13.1 %, 17.5 % and 21.7 % of < 5-year-olds, 2 %, 4.9 %, 9.7 % and 13.1 % of 5-17-year-olds, 5.4 %, 8.8 %, 10.7 % and 13.5 % of 18-44-year-olds, 16.8 %, 21.3 %, 23.6 % and 24.6 % of 45-64-year-olds receiving the SIV in 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014 and 2015-2019, respectively. There was a decline among ≥ 65-year-olds from 58.5 % to 53.5 %. We observed a similar pattern across subpopulations. There were significantly increased odds of SIV uptake among females within the age groups ≥ 18 years, in higher income quintiles, mostly with increased contact with a PCP/hospitalization within age groups ≥ 18 years, among those who had older or female PCPs (the opposite observation among ≥ 65-year-olds) and whose PCP administered at least one SIV in prior influenza season. These observations were largely consistent irrespective of sex. Conclusion SIV uptake in Manitoba appears to increase with age, and many socioeconomic, health-related and PCP characteristics appear to be associated with it. These findings may inform targeted vaccination programs to optimize influenza vaccination in Manitoba and similar Canadian jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N. Okoli
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Christiaan H. Righolt
- Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Geng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Silvia Alessi-Severini
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Paul Van Caeseele
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Cadham Provincial Public Health Laboratories, Manitoba Health and Seniors Care, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - I fan Kuo
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Optimal Use and Evaluation, Ministry of Health, Government of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Salaheddin M. Mahmud
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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14
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Lim CML, Komarasamy TV, Adnan NAAB, Radhakrishnan AK, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Recent Advances, Approaches and Challenges in the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13276. [PMID: 38513364 PMCID: PMC10957243 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Every year, influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. They pose a substantial burden of disease, in terms of not only health but also the economy. Owing to the ability of influenza viruses to continuously evolve, annual seasonal influenza vaccines are necessary as a prophylaxis. However, current influenza vaccines against seasonal strains have limited effectiveness and require yearly reformulation due to the virus undergoing antigenic drift or shift. Vaccine mismatches are common, conferring suboptimal protection against seasonal outbreaks, and the threat of the next pandemic continues to loom. Therefore, there is a great need to develop a universal influenza vaccine (UIV) capable of providing broad and durable protection against all influenza virus strains. In the quest to develop a UIV that would obviate the need for annual vaccination and formulation, a multitude of strategies is currently underway. Promising approaches include targeting the highly conserved epitopes of haemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), M2 extracellular domain (M2e) and internal proteins of the influenza virus. The identification and characterization of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting conserved regions of the viral HA protein, in particular, have provided important insight into novel vaccine designs and platforms. This review discusses universal vaccine approaches presently under development, with an emphasis on those targeting the highly conserved stalk of the HA protein, recent technological advancements used and the future prospects of a UIV in terms of its advantages, developmental obstacles and potential shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn Myn Li Lim
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Thamil Vaani Komarasamy
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Nur Amelia Azreen Binti Adnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
| | - Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health SciencesMonash University MalaysiaBandar SunwayMalaysia
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15
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Hendy DA, Pena ES, Ontiveros‐Padilla L, Dixon TA, Middleton DD, Williamson GL, Lukesh NR, Simpson SR, Stiepel RT, Islam MJ, Carlock MA, Ross TM, Bachelder EM, Ainslie KM. Immunogenicity of an adjuvanted broadly active influenza vaccine in immunocompromised and diverse populations. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10634. [PMID: 38435811 PMCID: PMC10905549 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus outbreaks are a major burden worldwide each year. Current vaccination strategies are inadequate due to antigenic drift/shift of the virus and the elicitation of low immune responses. The use of computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA) hemagglutinin (HA) immunogens subvert the constantly mutating viruses; however, they are poorly immunogenic on their own. To increase the immunogenicity of subunit vaccines such as this, adjuvants can be delivered with the vaccine. For example, agonists of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) have proven efficacy as vaccine adjuvants. However, their use in high-risk populations most vulnerable to influenza virus infection has not been closely examined. Here, we utilize a vaccine platform consisting of acetalated dextran microparticles loaded with COBRA HA and the STING agonist cyclic GMP-AMP. We examine the immunogenicity of this platform in mouse models of obesity, aging, and chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. Further, we examine vaccine efficacy in collaborative cross mice, a genetically diverse population that mimics human genetic heterogeneity. Overall, this vaccine platform had variable efficacy in these populations supporting work to better tailor adjuvants to specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A. Hendy
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Erik S. Pena
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State UniversityChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Luis Ontiveros‐Padilla
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Timothy A. Dixon
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Denzel D. Middleton
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Grace L. Williamson
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nicole Rose Lukesh
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sean R. Simpson
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Rebeca T. Stiepel
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Md Jahirul Islam
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Ted M. Ross
- Florida Research and Innovation CenterPort St. LucieFloridaUSA
- Center for Vaccines and ImmunologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Eric M. Bachelder
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Kristy M. Ainslie
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of PharmacyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Joint Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State UniversityChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UNC School of MedicineUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
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16
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Platas-Abenza G, Guerrero-Soler M, Silva-Afonso RDF, Gallardo-Rodriguez P, Gil-Sánchez F, Escribano-Cañadas I, Benito-Miralles CM, Solis-Aniorte N, Carnicer-Bueno R, Esclapez-Martínez A, Chico-Sánchez P, Sánchez-Payá J, Gras-Valentí P. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing severe cases of influenza: Season 2022/2023. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2024; 42:140-145. [PMID: 38342648 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza poses a significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality, with vaccination being one of the most effective measures for its prevention. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine in preventing cases of severe influenza in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital during the 2022/23 season. METHODS Case-control study. All hospitalised patients with a positive result in an RT-PCR for influenza were included. Those who met the criteria for a severe case (pneumonia, sepsis, multi-organ failure, admission to ICU or exitus) were considered cases. Those who did not meet these criteria were considered controls. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) to prevent severe cases and its 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS A total of 403 patients were admitted with confirmed influenza. Of these, 98 (24.3%) developed severe influenza. Of the total, 50.6% were men and 47.1% were over 65 years of age. VE adjusted for influenza type, age and certain comorbidities was 40.6% (-21.9 to 71.1). In a segmented analysis, influenza vaccine was effective in preventing severe cases in all categories. It was particularly relevant in the 65+ age group (VEa = 60.9%; -2.0 to 85.0) and in patients with influenza A (VEa = 56.7%; 1.5-80.9). CONCLUSION Influenza vaccination markedly reduced the occurrence of severe cases of influenza in hospitalised patients, therefore, it remains the main strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality and associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Platas-Abenza
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - María Guerrero-Soler
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Raissa de Fatima Silva-Afonso
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Pilar Gallardo-Rodriguez
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Francisco Gil-Sánchez
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Isabel Escribano-Cañadas
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Carmen M Benito-Miralles
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Noemi Solis-Aniorte
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Rocio Carnicer-Bueno
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Ana Esclapez-Martínez
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Chico-Sánchez
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
| | - José Sánchez-Payá
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
| | - Paula Gras-Valentí
- Unidad de Epidemiología, Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General Universitario Dr. Balmis, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain
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17
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Leong SL, Gras S, Grant EJ. Fighting flu: novel CD8 + T-cell targets are required for future influenza vaccines. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1491. [PMID: 38362528 PMCID: PMC10867544 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza viruses continue to cause severe medical and financial complications annually. Although there are many licenced influenza vaccines, there are billions of cases of influenza infection every year, resulting in the death of over half a million individuals. Furthermore, these figures can rise in the event of a pandemic, as seen throughout history, like the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic (50 million deaths) and the 1968 Hong Kong influenza pandemic (~4 million deaths). In this review, we have summarised many of the currently licenced influenza vaccines available across the world and current vaccines in clinical trials. We then briefly discuss the important role of CD8+ T cells during influenza infection and why future influenza vaccines should consider targeting CD8+ T cells. Finally, we assess the current landscape of known immunogenic CD8+ T-cell epitopes and highlight the knowledge gaps required to be filled for the design of rational future influenza vaccines that incorporate CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Liwei Leong
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Emma J Grant
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
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18
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Husain M. Influenza A Virus and Acetylation: The Picture Is Becoming Clearer. Viruses 2024; 16:131. [PMID: 38257831 PMCID: PMC10820114 DOI: 10.3390/v16010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is one of the most circulated human pathogens, and influenza disease, commonly known as the flu, remains one of the most recurring and prevalent infectious human diseases globally. IAV continues to challenge existing vaccines and antiviral drugs via its ability to evolve constantly. It is critical to identify the molecular determinants of IAV pathogenesis to understand the basis of flu severity in different populations and design improved antiviral strategies. In recent years, acetylation has been identified as one of the determinants of IAV pathogenesis. Acetylation was originally discovered as an epigenetic protein modification of histones. But, it is now known to be one of the ubiquitous protein modifications of both histones and non-histone proteins and a determinant of proteome complexity. Since our first observation in 2007, significant progress has been made in understanding the role of acetylation during IAV infection. Now, it is becoming clearer that acetylation plays a pro-IAV function via at least three mechanisms: (1) by reducing the host's sensing of IAV infection, (2) by dampening the host's innate antiviral response against IAV, and (3) by aiding the stability and function of viral and host proteins during IAV infection. In turn, IAV antagonizes the host deacetylases, which erase acetylation, to facilitate its replication. This review provides an overview of the research progress made on this subject so far and outlines research prospects for the significance of IAV-acetylation interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matloob Husain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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19
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Jangra S, Lamoot A, Singh G, Laghlali G, Chen Y, Yz T, García-Sastre A, De Geest BG, Schotsaert M. Lipid nanoparticle composition for adjuvant formulation modulates disease after influenza virus infection in QIV vaccinated mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.14.575599. [PMID: 38293047 PMCID: PMC10827098 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.14.575599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants can enhance vaccine effectiveness of currently licensed influenza vaccines. We tested influenza vaccination in a mouse model with two adjuvants: Sendai virus derived defective interfering (SDI) RNA, a RIG-I agonist, and an amphiphilic imidazoquinoline (IMDQ-PEG-Chol), TLR7/8 adjuvant. The negatively charged SDI RNA was formulated into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) facilitating the direct delivery of a RIG-I agonist to the cytosol. We have previously tested SDI and IMDQ-PEG-Chol as standalone and combination adjuvants for influenza and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Here we tested two different ionizable lipids, K-Ac7-Dsa and S-Ac7-Dog, for LNP formulations. The adjuvanticity of IMDQ-PEG-Chol with and without empty or SDI-loaded LNPs was validated in a licensed vaccine setting (quadrivalent influenza vaccine or QIV) against H1N1 influenza virus, showing robust induction of antibody titres and T cell responses. Depending on the adjuvant combination and LNP lipid composition (K-Ac7-Dsa or S-Ac7-Dog lipids), humoral and cellular vaccine responses could be tailored towards type 1 or type 2 host responses with specific cytokine profiles that correlated with protection during viral infection. The extent of protection conferred by different vaccine/LNP/adjuvant combinations was examined against challenge with the vaccine-matching strain of H1N1 influenza A virus. Groups that received either LNP formulated with SDI, IMDQ-PEG-Chol or both showed very low levels of viral replication in their lungs at five days post virus infection. LNP ionizable lipid composition as well as loading (empty versus SDI) also skewed host responses to infection, as reflected in the cytokine and chemokine levels in lungs of vaccinated animals upon infection. These studies show the potential of LNPs as adjuvant delivery vehicles for licensed vaccines and illustrate the importance of LNP composition for subsequent host responses to infection, an important point of consideration for vaccine safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Jangra
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel Laghlali
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent Belgium
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent Belgium
| | - Tingting Yz
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent Belgium
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York, NY, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Khalil AM, Martinez-Sobrido L, Mostafa A. Zoonosis and zooanthroponosis of emerging respiratory viruses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1232772. [PMID: 38249300 PMCID: PMC10796657 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1232772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung infections in Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) are triggered by a variety of respiratory viruses. All human pandemics have been caused by the members of two major virus families, namely Orthomyxoviridae (influenza A viruses (IAVs); subtypes H1N1, H2N2, and H3N2) and Coronaviridae (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). These viruses acquired some adaptive changes in a known intermediate host including domestic birds (IAVs) or unknown intermediate host (SARS-CoV-2) following transmission from their natural reservoirs (e.g. migratory birds or bats, respectively). Verily, these acquired adaptive substitutions facilitated crossing species barriers by these viruses to infect humans in a phenomenon that is known as zoonosis. Besides, these adaptive substitutions aided the variant strain to transmit horizontally to other contact non-human animal species including pets and wild animals (zooanthroponosis). Herein we discuss the main zoonotic and reverse-zoonosis events that occurred during the last two pandemics of influenza A/H1N1 and SARS-CoV-2. We also highlight the impact of interspecies transmission of these pandemic viruses on virus evolution and possible prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Based on information available and presented in this review article, it is important to close monitoring viral zoonosis and viral reverse zoonosis of pandemic strains within a One-Health and One-World approach to mitigate their unforeseen risks, such as virus evolution and resistance to limited prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Luis Martinez-Sobrido
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Disease Intervention & Prevention and Host Pathogen Interactions Programs, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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21
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de Waure C, Gärtner BC, Lopalco PL, Puig-Barbera J, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Real world evidence for public health decision-making on vaccination policies: perspectives from an expert roundtable. Expert Rev Vaccines 2024; 23:27-38. [PMID: 38084895 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2290194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza causes significant morbidity and mortality, but influenza vaccine uptake remains below most countries' targets. Vaccine policy recommendations vary, as do procedures for reviewing and appraising the evidence. AREAS COVERED During a series of roundtable discussions, we reviewed procedures and methodologies used by health ministries in four European countries to inform vaccine recommendations. We review the type of evidence currently recommended by each health ministry and the range of approaches toward considering randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and real-world evidence (RWE) studies when setting influenza vaccine recommendations. EXPERT OPINION Influenza vaccine recommendations should be based on data from both RCTs and RWE studies of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety. Such data should be considered alongside health-economic, cost-effectiveness, and budgetary factors. Although RCT data are more robust and less prone to bias, well-designed RWE studies permit timely evaluation of vaccine benefits, effectiveness comparisons over multiple seasons in large populations, and detection of rare adverse events, under real-world conditions. Given the variability of vaccine effectiveness due to influenza virus mutations and increasing diversification of influenza vaccines, we argue that consideration of both RWE and RCT evidence is the best approach to more nuanced and timely updates of influenza vaccine recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara de Waure
- Public Health, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara C Gärtner
- Department and Institute of Microbiology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Joan Puig-Barbera
- Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of the Valencian Region, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Braz Gomes K, Zhang YN, Lee YZ, Eldad M, Lim A, Ward G, Auclair S, He L, Zhu J. Single-Component Multilayered Self-Assembling Protein Nanoparticles Displaying Extracellular Domains of Matrix Protein 2 as a Pan-influenza A Vaccine. ACS NANO 2023; 17:23545-23567. [PMID: 37988765 PMCID: PMC10722606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of a cross-protective pan-influenza A vaccine remains a significant challenge. In this study, we designed and evaluated single-component self-assembling protein nanoparticles (SApNPs) presenting the conserved extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) as vaccine candidates against influenza A viruses. The SApNP-based vaccine strategy was first validated for human M2e (hM2e) and then applied to tandem repeats of M2e from human, avian, and swine hosts (M2ex3). Vaccination with M2ex3 displayed on SApNPs demonstrated higher survival rates and less weight loss compared to the soluble M2ex3 antigen against the lethal challenges of H1N1 and H3N2 in mice. M2ex3 I3-01v9a SApNPs formulated with a squalene-based adjuvant were retained in the lymph node follicles over 8 weeks and induced long-lived germinal center reactions. Notably, a single low dose of M2ex3 I3-01v9a SApNP formulated with a potent adjuvant, either a Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist or a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist, conferred 90% protection against a lethal H1N1 challenge in mice. With the ability to induce robust and durable M2e-specific functional antibody and T cell responses, the M2ex3-presenting I3-01v9a SApNP provides a promising pan-influenza A vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan Braz Gomes
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yi-Nan Zhang
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Yi-Zong Lee
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Mor Eldad
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexander Lim
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Garrett Ward
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Sarah Auclair
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Linling He
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department
of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department
of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps
Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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23
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Palyanov AY, Palyanova NV. On the space of SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequence variants. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2023; 27:839-850. [PMID: 38213712 PMCID: PMC10777302 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-23-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which humanity resisted using the latest advances in science, left behind, among other things, extensive genetic data. Every day since the end of 2019, samples of the virus genomes have been collected around the world, which makes it possible to trace its evolution in detail from its emergence to the present. The accumulated statistics of testing results showed that the number of confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection was at least 767.5 million (9.5 % of the current world population, excluding asymptomatic people), and the number of sequenced virus genomes is more than 15.7 million (which is over 2 % of the total number of infected people). These new data potentially contain information about the mechanisms of the variability and spread of the virus, its interaction with the human immune system, the main parameters characterizing the mechanisms of the development of a pandemic, and much more. In this article, we analyze the space of possible variants of SARS-CoV-2 genetic sequences both from a mathematical point of view and taking into account the biological limitations inherent in this system, known both from general biological knowledge and from the consideration of the characteristics of this particular virus. We have developed software capable of loading and analyzing SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide sequences in FASTA format, determining the 5' and 3' UTR positions, the number and location of unidentified nucleotides ("N"), performing alignment with the reference sequence by calling the program designed for this, determining mutations, deletions and insertions, as well as calculating various characteristics of virus genomes with a given time step (days, weeks, months, etc.). The data obtained indicate that, despite the apparent mathematical diversity of possible options for changing the virus over time, the corridor of the evolutionary trajectory that the coronavirus has passed through seems to be quite narrow. Thus it can be assumed that it is determined to some extent, which allows us to hope for a possibility of modeling the evolution of the coronavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yu Palyanov
- A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N V Palyanova
- Research Institute of Virology, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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24
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Zafarani A, Razizadeh MH, Haghi A. Neutrophil extracellular traps in influenza infection. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23306. [PMID: 38144312 PMCID: PMC10746519 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in developing novel therapeutic approaches and vaccines, influenza is still considered a global health threat, with about half a million mortality worldwide. This disease is caused by Influenza viruses, which are known for their rapid evolution due to different genetical mechanisms that help them develop new strains with the ability to evade therapies and immunization. Neutrophils are one of the first immune effectors that act against pathogens. They use multiple mechanisms, including phagocytosis, releasing the reactive oxygen species, degranulation, and the production of neutrophil extracellular traps. Neutrophil extracellular traps are used to ensnare pathogens; however, their dysregulation is attributed to inflammatory and infectious diseases. Here, we discuss the effects of these extracellular traps in the clinical course of influenza infection and their ability to be a potential target in treating influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zafarani
- Department of Hematology & Blood Banking, School of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atousa Haghi
- Young Researchers & Elite Club, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Gupta D, Mohan S. Influenza vaccine: a review on current scenario and future prospects. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:154. [PMID: 38030859 PMCID: PMC10686931 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a crucial tool in preventing influenza, but it requires annual updates in vaccine composition due to the ever-changing nature of the flu virus. While healthcare and economic burdens have reduced, the virus remains a challenge. Research conducted over the past decade has revealed pathways for improvement through both basic and clinical studies. Viral surveillance plays a vital role in the better selection of candidate viruses for vaccines and the early detection of drug-resistant strains.This page offers a description of future vaccine developments and an overview of current vaccine options. In the coming years, we anticipate significant changes in vaccine production, moving away from traditional egg-based methods towards innovative technologies such as DNA and RNA vaccines. These newer approaches offer significant advantages over traditional egg-based and cell culture-based influenza vaccine manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanshi Gupta
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Sumedha Mohan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India.
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26
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Emami A, Pirbonyeh N, Moattari A, Javanmardi F. A decade genetic diversity in Circulating influenza B virus in Iran (2010-2019): Divergence from WHO-recommended vaccine strains. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:385-393. [PMID: 38156573 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the disease burden and circulation patterns of influenza B virus lineages for Iran are limited. OBJECTIVE This review aims to describe the pattern of influenza B occurrence in Iran, comparing it with the proposed vaccine strains and determining the match and mismatch with the prescribed vaccine annually. METHODS Various sources were used to retrieve information of the data; such as information from an online search of databases such as FluNet, GISAID, and NCBI. After extracting protein sequence records in GISAID, sequence alignment with vaccine strain and construction of a phylogenetic tree were performed. Subsequently, categories of the registered circulating strains were evaluated for matching with the vaccine strains. RESULTS Of the total registered influenza-positive samples, 20.21% were related to influenza B virus. The phylogenic tree was designed based on 43 samples registered in the GISAID database; 76.74 and 23.25% sequences were of Yamagata and Victoria lineages, respectively. The most prevalent influenza B virus strains circulating during the study years belonged to the Yamagata lineage. In general, the match of the influenza B virus predominant circulating strains with administrated vaccines was observed in Iran. However, a high level of mismatch between the vaccine strain and Iranian isolates was identified in 2016‒2017. CONCLUSION The review of match and mismatch in influenza vaccine in order to improve the composition of the prescribed vaccine in each region is very important because the vaccine efficacy decreased when the strain included in vaccine did not match the circulating epidemic strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Emami
- Shiraz University of medical sciences
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27
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Miwa H, Antao OQ, Kelly‐Scumpia KM, Baghdasarian S, Mayer DP, Shang L, Sanchez GM, Archang MM, Scumpia PO, Weinstein JS, Di Carlo D. Improved Humoral Immunity and Protection against Influenza Virus Infection with a 3d Porous Biomaterial Vaccine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302248. [PMID: 37750461 PMCID: PMC10625058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
New vaccine platforms that activate humoral immunity and generate neutralizing antibodies are required to combat emerging pathogens, including influenza virus. A slurry of antigen-loaded hydrogel microparticles that anneal to form a porous scaffold with high surface area for antigen uptake by infiltrating immune cells as the biomaterial degrades is demonstrated to enhance humoral immunity. Antigen-loaded-microgels elicited a robust cellular humoral immune response, with increased CD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and prolonged germinal center (GC) B cells comparable to the commonly used adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide (Alum). Increasing the weight fraction of polymer material led to increased material stiffness and antigen-specific antibody titers superior to Alum. Vaccinating mice with inactivated influenza virus loaded into this more highly cross-linked formulation elicited a strong antibody response and provided protection against a high dose viral challenge. By tuning physical and chemical properties, adjuvanticity can be enhanced leading to humoral immunity and protection against a pathogen, leveraging two different types of antigenic material: individual protein antigen and inactivated virus. The flexibility of the platform may enable design of new vaccines to enhance innate and adaptive immune cell programming to generate and tune high affinity antibodies, a promising approach to generate long-lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Miwa
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Olivia Q. Antao
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Kindra M. Kelly‐Scumpia
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Sevana Baghdasarian
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Daniel P. Mayer
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Lily Shang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Gina M. Sanchez
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Maani M. Archang
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- MSTP ProgramDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Philip O. Scumpia
- Division of DermatologyDepartment of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of DermatologyVA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare SystemLos AngelesCA90073USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
| | - Jason S Weinstein
- Center for Immunity and InflammationRutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkNJ07103USA
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
- California Nano Systems Institute (CNSI)University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA90095USA
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28
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Okoli GN, Righolt CH, Zhang G, Alessi-Severini S, Van Caeseele P, Kuo IF, Mahmud SM. Impact of the universal seasonal influenza vaccination policy in the province of Manitoba, Canada: A population-based, province-wide record-linkage study. Vaccine 2023; 41:6679-6689. [PMID: 37778900 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2010, the government of the province of Manitoba, Canada introduced universal seasonal influenza vaccination policy (USIVP), providing free-of-charge vaccination to all registered residents of the province at least six months of age. Impact of the policy on seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) uptake (receipt of vaccine) in Manitoba remains unclear, as there is a lack of published evaluations. METHODS We conducted an ecological study, utilizing population-wide data from several linked de-identified Manitoba Health and Seniors Care administrative health databases. The study period was from 2000/01-2019/20 influenza seasons. The primary exposure was USIVP (five influenza seasons pre-policy [2005/06-2009/10] compared with post-policy [2010/11-2014/15]). The outcome was SIV uptake. We conducted pre/post logistic regression analysis stratified by age group (<5-, 5-17-, 18-44-, 45-64-, ≥65-year-olds) and certain population socioeconomic and health-related characteristics. Results are adjusted odds ratios with associated 95 % confidence intervals. RESULTS We observed significantly increased adjusted odds of SIV uptake post-policy relative to pre-policy in all age groups except ≥65-year-olds already covered from inception of the vaccination programme. The adjusted odds ratios ranged from 0.76 (0.75-0.76) among ≥65-year-olds to 2.15 (2.13-2.18) among 5-17-year-olds, and were largely homogeneous within age groups across sex, income quintiles, regions of residence, and categories of number of visits to primary care physician/hospitalization one year prior to an influenza season except among <5- and 5-17-year-olds. These findings were mostly consistent irrespective of sex and region of residence although there was variability across income quintiles in Northern Manitoba region. CONCLUSIONS Introduction of the USIVP in Manitoba was followed by a significant increase in SIV uptake in the five years post policy among <65-year-olds, with similar increased relative odds of vaccination observed within age groups across subpopulations. The observed variations in the relative odds of vaccination across income quintiles in Northern Manitoba region requires administrative attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Okoli
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; George and Fay Yee Centre for Healthcare Innovation, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Christiaan H Righolt
- Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Geng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Silvia Alessi-Severini
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Paul Van Caeseele
- Departments of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, and Pediatrics and Child Health, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Cadham Provincial Public Health Laboratories, Manitoba Health and Seniors Care, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - I Fan Kuo
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Optimal Use and Evaluation, Ministry of Health, Government of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Salaheddin M Mahmud
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Vaccine and Drug Evaluation Centre, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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29
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Zhang R, Duan X, Liu Y, Xu J, Al-bashari AAG, Ye P, Ye Q, He Y. The Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Future Vaccine Synthesis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1631. [PMID: 38005963 PMCID: PMC10675160 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have significant potential in treating and/or preventing diseases, yet there remain challenges in developing effective vaccines against some diseases, such as AIDS and certain tumors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a subset of cells with low immunogenicity, high proliferation potential, and an abundant source of extracellular vesicles (EVs), represent one of the novel and promising vaccine platforms. This review describes the unique features and potential mechanisms of MSCs as a novel vaccine platform. We also cover aspects such as the safety and stability of MSCs that warrant future in-depth studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (R.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (A.A.G.A.-b.)
| | - Xingxiang Duan
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (R.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (A.A.G.A.-b.)
| | - Ye Liu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (R.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (A.A.G.A.-b.)
| | - Jia Xu
- Australian Rivers Institute and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia;
| | - Abdullkhaleg Ali Ghaleb Al-bashari
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (R.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (A.A.G.A.-b.)
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China;
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine & Department of Stomatology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (R.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (A.A.G.A.-b.)
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Department of Stomatology, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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He X, Zhang T, Huan S, Yang Y. Novel Influenza Vaccines: From Research and Development (R&D) Challenges to Regulatory Responses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1573. [PMID: 37896976 PMCID: PMC10610648 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza vaccines faced significant challenges in achieving sufficient protective efficacy and production efficiency in the past. In recent decades, novel influenza vaccines, characterized by efficient and scalable production, advanced platforms, and new adjuvant technologies, have overcome some of these weaknesses and have been widely licensed. Furthermore, researchers are actively pursuing the development of next-generation and universal influenza vaccines to provide comprehensive protection against potential pandemic subtypes or strains. However, new challenges have emerged as these novel vaccines undergo evaluation and authorization. In this review, we primarily outline the critical challenges and advancements in research and development (R&D) and highlight the improvements in regulatory responses for influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchuan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.H.); (T.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.H.); (T.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shitong Huan
- China Office, The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.H.); (T.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100084, China
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Dieng I, Balde D, Talla C, Camara D, Barry MA, Sagne SN, Gueye K, Dia CAKM, Sambe BS, Fall G, Sall AA, Faye O, Loucoubar C, Faye O. Molecular Evolution of Dengue Virus 3 in Senegal between 2009 and 2022: Dispersal Patterns and Implications for Prevention and Therapeutic Countermeasures. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1537. [PMID: 37896941 PMCID: PMC10610876 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most prevalent arboviral disease worldwide. Dengue virus (DENV), the etiological agent, is known to have been circulating in Senegal since 1970, though for a long time, virus epidemiology was restricted to the circulation of sylvatic DENV-2 in south-eastern Senegal (the Kedougou region). In 2009 a major shift was noticed with the first urban epidemic, which occurred in the Dakar region and was caused by DENV-3. Following the notification by Senegal, many other West African countries reported DENV-3 epidemics. Despite these notifications, there are scarce studies and data about the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of DENV-3 in West Africa. Using nanopore sequencing, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic approaches on historic strains and 36 newly sequenced strains, we studied the molecular evolution of DENV-3 in Senegal between 2009 and 2022. We then assessed the impact of the observed genetic diversity on the efficacy of preventive countermeasures and vaccination by mapping amino acid changes against vaccine strains. The results showed that the DENV-3 strains circulating in Senegal belong to genotype III, similarly to strains from other West African countries, while belonging to different clades. Phylogeographic analysis based on nearly complete genomes revealed three independent introduction events from Asia and Burkina Faso. Comparison of the amino acids in the CprM-E regions of genomes from the Senegalese strains against the vaccine strains revealed the presence of 22 substitutions (7 within the PrM and 15 within the E gene) when compared to CYD-3, while 23 changes were observed when compared to TV003 (6 within the PrM and 17 within the E gene). Within the E gene, most of the changes compared to the vaccine strains were located in the ED-III domain, which is known to be crucial in neutralizing antibody production. Altogether, these data give up-to-date insight into DENV-3 genomic evolution in Senegal which needs to be taken into account in future vaccination strategies. Additionally, they highlight the importance of the genomic epidemiology of emerging pathogens in Africa and call for the implementation of a pan-African network for genomic surveillance of dengue virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrissa Dieng
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Diamilatou Balde
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Cheikh Talla
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (C.T.); (M.A.B.); (S.N.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Diogop Camara
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Mamadou Aliou Barry
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (C.T.); (M.A.B.); (S.N.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Samba Niang Sagne
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (C.T.); (M.A.B.); (S.N.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Khadim Gueye
- EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK;
| | - Cheikh Abdou Khadre Mbacké Dia
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science et Technics, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), BP 5005 Fann, Dakar, Senegal; (C.A.K.M.D.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Babacar Souleymane Sambe
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science et Technics, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), BP 5005 Fann, Dakar, Senegal; (C.A.K.M.D.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Gamou Fall
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Amadou Alpha Sall
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Ousmane Faye
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
| | - Cheikh Loucoubar
- Epidemiology, Clinical Research and Data Science Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (C.T.); (M.A.B.); (S.N.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Oumar Faye
- Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar 220, Senegal; (D.B.); (D.C.); (G.F.); (A.A.S.); (O.F.); (O.F.)
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Sessions Z, Bobrowski T, Martin HJ, Beasley JMT, Kothari A, Phares T, Li M, Alves VM, Scotti MT, Moorman NJ, Baric R, Tropsha A, Muratov EN. Praemonitus praemunitus: can we forecast and prepare for future viral disease outbreaks? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad048. [PMID: 37596064 PMCID: PMC10532129 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origins of past and present viral epidemics is critical in preparing for future outbreaks. Many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, have led to significant consequences not only due to their virulence, but also because we were unprepared for their emergence. We need to learn from large amounts of data accumulated from well-studied, past pandemics and employ modern informatics and therapeutic development technologies to forecast future pandemics and help minimize their potential impacts. While acknowledging the complexity and difficulties associated with establishing reliable outbreak predictions, herein we provide a perspective on the regions of the world that are most likely to be impacted by future outbreaks. We specifically focus on viruses with epidemic potential, namely SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, DENV, ZIKV, MAYV, LASV, noroviruses, influenza, Nipah virus, hantaviruses, Oropouche virus, MARV, and Ebola virus, which all require attention from both the public and scientific community to avoid societal catastrophes like COVID-19. Based on our literature review, data analysis, and outbreak simulations, we posit that these future viral epidemics are unavoidable, but that their societal impacts can be minimized by strategic investment into basic virology research, epidemiological studies of neglected viral diseases, and antiviral drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Sessions
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Tesia Bobrowski
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Holli-Joi Martin
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Jon-Michael T Beasley
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Aneri Kothari
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Trevor Phares
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S Brook St, Louisville, KY 40208, United States
| | - Michael Li
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Vinicius M Alves
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Marcus T Scotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I Lot. Cidade Universitaria, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, 401 Pittsboro St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Eugene N Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Blacksell SD, Dhawan S, Kusumoto M, Le KK, Summermatter K, O'Keefe J, Kozlovac J, Almuhairi SS, Sendow I, Scheel CM, Ahumibe A, Masuku ZM, Bennett AM, Kojima K, Harper DR, Hamilton K. The Biosafety Research Road Map: The Search for Evidence to Support Practices in the Laboratory-Zoonotic Avian Influenza and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. APPLIED BIOSAFETY 2023; 28:135-151. [PMID: 37736423 PMCID: PMC10510692 DOI: 10.1089/apb.2022.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The Biosafety Research Road Map reviewed the scientific literature on a viral respiratory pathogen, avian influenza virus, and a bacterial respiratory pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This project aims at identifying gaps in the data required to conduct evidence-based biorisk assessments, as described in Blacksell et al. One significant gap is the need for definitive data on M. tuberculosis sample aerosolization to guide the selection of engineering controls for diagnostic procedures. Methods The literature search focused on five areas: routes of inoculation/modes of transmission, infectious dose, laboratory-acquired infections, containment releases, and disinfection and decontamination methods. Results The available data regarding biosafety knowledge gaps and existing evidence have been collated and presented in Tables 1 and 2. The guidance sources on the appropriate use of biosafety cabinets for specific procedures with M. tuberculosis require clarification. Detecting vulnerabilities in the biorisk assessment for respiratory pathogens is essential to improve and develop laboratory biosafety in local and national systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sandhya Dhawan
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marina Kusumoto
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kim Khanh Le
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Research Medicine Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Joseph O'Keefe
- Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Kozlovac
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Indrawati Sendow
- Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency, Indonesia
| | - Christina M. Scheel
- WHO Collaborating Center for Biosafety and Biosecurity, Office of the Associate Director for Laboratory Science, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anthony Ahumibe
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Zibusiso M. Masuku
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Kazunobu Kojima
- Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Preparedness and Prevention, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David R. Harper
- The Royal Institute of International Affairs, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Hamilton
- World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), Paris, France
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Murdoch L, Quan K, Baber JA, Ho AWY, Zhang Y, Xu X, Lu C, Cooper D, Koury K, Lockhart SP, Anderson AS, Türeci Ö, Şahin U, Swanson KA, Gruber WC, Kitchin N. Safety and Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 Vaccine Coadministered with Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Adults. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2241-2258. [PMID: 37698774 PMCID: PMC10581992 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00863-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination is a critical tool for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and influenza illnesses. Coadministration of the COVID-19 vaccine, BNT162b2, with seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (SIIV) can provide substantial benefits, including streamlining vaccine delivery. METHODS In this phase 3 study, healthy 18- to 64-year-olds who had received three previous doses of BNT162b2 were randomized (1:1) to the coadministration group (month 0, BNT162b2 + SIIV; month 1, placebo) or the separate-administration group (month 0, placebo + SIIV; month 1, BNT162b2). The primary immunogenicity objective was to demonstrate that the immune responses elicited by BNT162b2 and SIIV [measured by full-length S-binding immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) titers against four influenza strains 1 month post-vaccination, respectively] when coadministered were noninferior to those elicited by either vaccine administered alone, based on a prespecified 1.5-fold noninferiority margin [lower bound 95% CI for geometric mean ratio (GMR) > 0.67]. Reactogenicity and adverse event (AE) rates were evaluated. RESULTS Randomized participants who received study vaccination (N = 1128; coadministration group, n = 564; separate-administration group, n = 564) had a median age of 39 years. Model-adjusted GMRs for coadministration to separate administration were 0.83 (95% CI 0.77, 0.89) for full-length S-binding IgG levels and 0.89-1.00 (lower bound of all 95% CIs > 0.67) for the four influenza strain-specific HAI titers, with all endpoints achieving the prespecified noninferiority criterion. Reactogenicity events were mostly mild or moderate when BNT162b2 was coadministered with SIIV. Serious AEs were reported in < 1% of participants within 1 month after any vaccination; none were considered vaccine-related. CONCLUSIONS BNT162b2 coadministered with SIIV elicited immune responses that were noninferior to those elicited by BNT162b2 alone and SIIV alone, and BNT162b2 had an acceptable safety profile when coadministered with SIIV. The results of this study support the coadministration of BNT162b2 and SIIV in adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05310084.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen Quan
- Vaccine Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - James A Baber
- Vaccine Clinical Research and Development, Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Agnes W Y Ho
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Xia Xu
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Claire Lu
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - David Cooper
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Koury
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kena A Swanson
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - William C Gruber
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer Inc, Pearl River, NY, USA
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Chicoye A, Crépey P, Nguyen VH, Márquez-Peláez S, Postma M, Pugliese A, Ruiz-Aragón J, Mould-Quevedo J. Contributions of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) to influenza vaccination policy for older adults in Europe. Vaccine 2023; 41:5518-5524. [PMID: 37550142 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the importance of economic evaluations and real-world evidence (RWE) for the assessment of enhanced influenza vaccines for older adults in Europe. Individuals ≥65 years of age are at increased risk of severe influenza outcomes and many countries in Europe recommend enhanced vaccines for this population to mitigate immunosenescence. Some National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) may preferentially recommend a specific enhanced vaccine, necessitating comparative economic evaluation and estimation of relative vaccine effectiveness between enhanced vaccine options in the absence of direct head-to-head efficacy data. Distinct approaches to economic modeling and cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) guide national vaccination policies in Europe, including how underlying data, such as RWE, are used in these models. RWE is an important evidence source for input into CEA models based on disease factors (e.g., antigenic shift and seasonal variation) and practical factors (e.g., limitations of performing multiple randomized clinical trials to capture seasonal variation; the need to obtain relevant patient-oriented, real-world endpoints, such as hospitalizations). CEA is considered crucial to vaccine assessment among certain countries in Europe, but further harmonization of economic evaluations, including the use of RWE, across NITAGs in Europe may be of benefit, alongside standardized approaches for vaccine appraisal. In the future, more countries may use RWE as an input in CEA models to support NITAG recommendations for enhanced influenza vaccines in older populations, especially considering the value of RWE for the assessment of influenza epidemiology and vaccine effectiveness as stated by the World Health Organization, and the availability of a broad RWE base for certain enhanced vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Chicoye
- Sciences Po Paris, 27 Rue Saint-Guillaume, 75007 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Crépey
- EHESP School of Public Health, University of Rennes, CNRS, Arènes - UMR 6051, RSMS - Inserm U 1309, Rennes, France
| | | | - Sergio Márquez-Peláez
- Department of Economics, Economic Analysis, Faculty of Business Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Maarten Postma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, P.O. Box 72, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Economics, Econometrics & Finance, Faculty of Economics & Business, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; Centre of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor 45363, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Andrea Pugliese
- Department of Mathematics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Jesús Ruiz-Aragón
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Lab. Clinical Analysis, Hospital de la Línea, Cádiz, Spain
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Su J, Lai J, Li J, Liu X, Chen H, Li C, Zhu B, Jia X, Li Y. Carambolaside W Inhibited H1N1 Influenza Virus-Induced Oxidative Stress through STAT-3/BCL-XL Signaling Pathway. Viruses 2023; 15:1858. [PMID: 37766266 PMCID: PMC10534857 DOI: 10.3390/v15091858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The H1N1 influenza virus is highly infectious and pathogenic, and in recent years, it has often presented seasonal mass outbreaks of infection. People infected with H1N1 will develop a high fever and other respiratory infection symptoms. If not treated in time, complications such as pneumonia may occur. In this study, we focused on developing drugs that can effectively fight against with H1N1 virus. A flavonoid glycoside was extracted from the carambola, then characterized by HR-ESI-MS with the molecular formula C47H58O2, and named carambolaside W. The flavonoid glycosides were found to have good anti-H1N1 influenza virus effects. In this study, we verified that carambolaside W has low toxicity and can effectively inhibit influenza virus replication in vitro. H1N1 virus infection induces intracellular oxidative stress damage to accelerate disease progression. The results showed that carambolaside W effectively inhibited the oxidative stress caused by H1N1 infection. The Western blot assay also revealed that carambolaside W alters the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in vitro and exerts a good anti-H1N1 influenza virus effect. In summary, carambolaside W is a low-toxicity natural flavonoid that can effectively treat the H1N1 influenza virus as a potential anti-H1N1 virus agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Su
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jia Lai
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiali Li
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Xia Liu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Haitian Chen
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Chuqing Li
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Bing Zhu
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuchao Jia
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Yinghua Li
- Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 318 Renminzhong Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510120, China; (J.S.); (J.L.)
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Jiang H, Zhang Z. Immune response in influenza virus infection and modulation of immune injury by viral neuraminidase. Virol J 2023; 20:193. [PMID: 37641134 PMCID: PMC10463456 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02164-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses cause severe respiratory illnesses in humans and animals. Overreaction of the innate immune response to influenza virus infection results in hypercytokinemia, which is responsible for mortality and morbidity. The influenza A virus surface glycoprotein neuraminidase (NA) plays a vital role in viral attachment, entry, and virion release from infected cells. NA acts as a sialidase, which cleaves sialic acids from cell surface proteins and carbohydrate side chains on nascent virions. Here, we review progress in understanding the role of NA in modulating host immune response to influenza virus infection. We also discuss recent exciting findings targeting NA protein to interrupt influenza-induced immune injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Jiang
- The People's Hospital of Dayi Country, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zongde Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Dayi Country, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
- Inflammation and Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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Nesovic LD, Roach CJ, Joshi G, Gill HS. Delivery of gold nanoparticle-conjugated M2e influenza vaccine in mice using coated microneedles. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:5859-5871. [PMID: 37455612 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As a prospective influenza vaccination platform, a microneedle patch offers advantages such as self-administration and reduction of needle-phobia-associated vaccination avoidance. In an effort to design a broadly protective influenza vaccine we have previously developed a vaccine formulation containing the highly conserved ectodomain sequence of the M2 influenza protein (M2e) attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with CpG as a soluble adjuvant (AuNP-M2e + sCpG). Our previous studies have used the intranasal route for vaccination and demonstrated broad protection from this vaccine. Here we asked the question whether the same formulation can be effective when administered to mice using microneedles. We demonstrate that the microneedles can be coated with AuNP-M2e + sCpG formulation, and the AuNPs from the coating can be readily resuspended without aggregation. The AuNPs were delivered with high efficiency into murine skin, and the AuNPs cleared the skin within 12 h of microneedle treatment. After vaccination, strong M2e-specific humoral and cellular responses were stimulated, and the vaccinated mice were 100% protected following a lethal challenge with influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lazar D Nesovic
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University, 8th and Canton, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Carsen J Roach
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University, 8th and Canton, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University, 8th and Canton, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
| | - Harvinder Singh Gill
- Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University, 8th and Canton, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA.
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Lee UJ, Oh Y, Kwon OS, Shin YB, Kim M. Highly Sensitive and Specific Detection of Influenza A Viruses Using Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) Reporter System. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:782. [PMID: 37622868 PMCID: PMC10452828 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a highly sensitive and specific bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC)-based influenza A virus (IAV)-sensing system by combining a galactose/glucose-binding protein (GGBP) with an N-terminal large domain (YN1-172) and a C-terminal small domain (YC173-239) made up of enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (eYFP). The GGBP-based BiFC reporter exhibits the fluorescence reconstitution as a result of conformational changes in GGBP when lactose, which was derived from 6'-silalyllactose and used as a substrate for neuraminidase (NA), binds to GGBP in the presence of IAV. The system showed a linear dynamic range extending from 1 × 100 to 1 × 107 TCID50/mL, and it had a detection limit of 1.1 × 100 TCID50/mL for IAV (H1N1), demonstrating ultra-high sensitivity. Our system exhibited fluorescence intensity enhancements in the presence of IAV, while it displayed weak fluorescence signals when exposed to NA-deficient viruses, such as RSV A, RSV B, adenovirus and rhinovirus, thereby indicating selective responses for IAV detection. Overall, our system provides a simple, highly sensitive and specific IAV detection platform based on BiFC that is capable of detecting ligand-induced protein conformational changes, obviating the need for virus culture or RNA extraction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ui Jin Lee
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Yunkwang Oh
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
| | - Oh Seok Kwon
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Nano Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Shin
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- BioNano Health Guard Research Center (H-GUARD), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonil Kim
- Critical Diseases Diagnostics Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahang-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (U.J.L.); (Y.O.)
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
- KRIBB School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Basso CR, Crulhas BP, Castro GR, Pedrosa VA. Recent Advances in Functional Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Sensing Using Self-Assembled Monolayers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10819. [PMID: 37445998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional nanomaterials have attracted attention by producing different structures in any field. These materials have several potential applications, including medicine, electronics, and energy, which provide many unique properties. These nanostructures can be synthesized using various methods, including self-assembly, which can be used for the same applications. This unique nanomaterial is increasingly being used for biological detection due to its unique optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which provide sensitive and specific sensors for detecting biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. This review highlights recent advances in the field and discusses the fabrication and characterization of the corresponding materials, which can be further applied in optical, magnetic, electronic, and sensor fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno P Crulhas
- Institute of Bioscience, UNESP, Botucatu 18618-000, SP, Brazil
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Langenmayer MC, Luelf-Averhoff AT, Marr L, Jany S, Freudenstein A, Adam-Neumair S, Tscherne A, Fux R, Rojas JJ, Blutke A, Sutter G, Volz A. Newly Designed Poxviral Promoters to Improve Immunogenicity and Efficacy of MVA-NP Candidate Vaccines against Lethal Influenza Virus Infection in Mice. Pathogens 2023; 12:867. [PMID: 37513714 PMCID: PMC10383309 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza, a respiratory disease mainly caused by influenza A and B, viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae, is still a burden on our society's health and economic system. Influenza A viruses (IAV) circulate in mammalian and avian populations, causing seasonal outbreaks with high numbers of cases. Due to the high variability in seasonal IAV triggered by antigenic drift, annual vaccination is necessary, highlighting the need for a more broadly protective vaccine against IAV. The safety tested Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is licensed as a third-generation vaccine against smallpox and serves as a potent vector system for the development of new candidate vaccines against different pathogens. Here, we generated and characterized recombinant MVA candidate vaccines that deliver the highly conserved internal nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV under the transcriptional control of five newly designed chimeric poxviral promoters to further increase the immunogenic properties of the recombinant viruses (MVA-NP). Infections of avian cell cultures with the recombinant MVA-NPs demonstrated efficient synthesis of the IAV-NP which was expressed under the control of the five new promoters. Prime-boost or single shot immunizations in C57BL/6 mice readily induced circulating serum antibodies' binding to recombinant IAV-NP and the robust activation of IAV-NP-specific CD8+ T cell responses. Moreover, the MVA-NP candidate vaccines protected C57BL/6 mice against lethal respiratory infection with mouse-adapted IAV (A/Puerto Rico/8/1934/H1N1). Thus, further studies are warranted to evaluate the immunogenicity and efficacy of these recombinant MVA-NP vaccines in other IAV challenge models in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Langenmayer
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Marr
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Hygiene, Medical Microbiology and Infectiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Klinikum Nürnberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Jany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Freudenstein
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Silvia Adam-Neumair
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alina Tscherne
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Fux
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Juan J Rojas
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapies, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, LMU Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- German Center of Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Moianos D, Prifti GM, Makri M, Zoidis G. Targeting Metalloenzymes: The "Achilles' Heel" of Viruses and Parasites. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:901. [PMID: 37375848 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloenzymes are central to the regulation of a wide range of essential viral and parasitic functions, including protein degradation, nucleic acid modification, and many others. Given the impact of infectious diseases on human health, inhibiting metalloenzymes offers an attractive approach to disease therapy. Metal-chelating agents have been expansively studied as antivirals and antiparasitics, resulting in important classes of metal-dependent enzyme inhibitors. This review provides the recent advances in targeting the metalloenzymes of viruses and parasites that impose a significant burden on global public health, including influenza A and B, hepatitis B and C, and human immunodeficiency viruses as well as Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Moianos
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia-Myrto Prifti
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Makri
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Alotaibi BS, Tantry BA, Bandy A, Ahmad R, Khursheed SQ, Ahmad A, Hakami MA, Shah NN. Simultaneous Detection of Influenza A/B, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and SARS-CoV-2 in Nasopharyngeal Swabs by One-Tube Multiplex Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:326. [PMID: 37368744 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment and outcome of respiratory virus infections differ. SARS-CoV-2, as well as other respiratory viruses such as influenza virus (A and B) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), require simultaneous, cost-effective, and rapid differential detection. We used a gold standard five-target single-step RT-PCR to detect influenza viruses, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2, and this method can be extended to detect influenza virus subtypes. As a result, this five-target single-step RT-PCR method is ideal for differentiating respiratory viruses. The 5' nuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase is used in the real-time reverse transcription PCR assay. The Taq man fast viral 1-step enzyme is a 4× Master mix and five-target primer probe mix that detects influenza A, influenza B, SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab, respiratory syncytial viruses A/B and actin. When compared with TaqMan TM and Invitrogen superscript TM III Platinum and the Meril Kit for SARS-CoV-2, the assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity, specificity, and amplification efficiency of 90.1% for target genes. In conclusion, our one-tube multiplex RT-PCR assay offers a rapid and reliable method for the simultaneous detection of influenza A/B, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 from nasopharyngeal swabs. This assay has the potential to enhance diagnostic capabilities and improve public health responses during respiratory outbreaks, enabling timely interventions and informed decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader S Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bilal Ahmad Tantry
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190010, India
| | - Altaf Bandy
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 15273, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reyaz Ahmad
- Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190010, India
| | | | - Arshid Ahmad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190001, India
| | - Mohammed Ageeli Hakami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Alquwayiyah 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Nazir Shah
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar 190001, India
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Wang F, Kong BLH, Tang YS, Lee HK, Shaw PC. Bioassay guided isolation of caffeoylquinic acids from the leaves of Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. and investigation of their anti-influenza mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 309:116322. [PMID: 36868436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn. (Maodongqing, MDQ) is a common herbal tea ingredient in Southern China for heat clearance and anti-inflammation. Our preliminary screening showed that 50% ethanol extract of its leaves has anti-influenza virus activity. In this report, we proceed to identify the active components and clarify the related anti-influenza mechanisms. AIM We aim to isolate and identify the anti-influenza virus phytochemicals from the extract of the MDQ leaves, and study their anti-influenza virus mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plaque reduction assay was used to test the anti-influenza virus activity of fractions and compounds. Neuraminidase inhibitory assay was used to confirm the target protein. Molecular docking and reverse genetics were used to confirm the acting site of caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) on viral neuraminidase. RESULTS Eight CQAs, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (Me 3,5-DCQA), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (Me 3,4-DCQA), 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid methyl ester (Me 3,4,5-TCQA), 3,4,5-tri-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4,5-TCQA), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4,5-DCQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3,4-DCQA), and 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl-epi-quinic acid (3,5-epi-DCQA) were identified from the MDQ leaves, in which Me 3,5-DCQA, 3,4,5-TCQA and 3,5-epi-DCQA were isolated for the first time. All these eight compounds were found to inhibit neuraminidase (NA) of influenza A virus. The results of molecular docking and reverse genetics indicated that 3,4,5-TCQA interacted with Tyr100, Gln412 and Arg419 of influenza NA, and a novel NA binding groove was found. CONCLUSION Eight CQAs isolated from the leaves of MDQ were found to inhibit influenza A virus. 3,4,5-TCQA was found to interact with Tyr100, Gln412 and Arg419 of influenza NA. This study provided scientific evidence on the use of MDQ for treating influenza virus infection, and laid the foundation for the development of CQA derivatives as potential antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bobby Lim-Ho Kong
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Sang Tang
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Kay Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants (CUHK) and Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Mirska B, Woźniak T, Lorent D, Ruszkowska A, Peterson JM, Moss WN, Mathews DH, Kierzek R, Kierzek E. In vivo secondary structural analysis of Influenza A virus genomic RNA. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:136. [PMID: 37131079 PMCID: PMC10153785 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a respiratory virus that causes epidemics and pandemics. Knowledge of IAV RNA secondary structure in vivo is crucial for a better understanding of virus biology. Moreover, it is a fundament for the development of new RNA-targeting antivirals. Chemical RNA mapping using selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) coupled with Mutational Profiling (MaP) allows for the thorough examination of secondary structures in low-abundance RNAs in their biological context. So far, the method has been used for analyzing the RNA secondary structures of several viruses including SARS-CoV-2 in virio and in cellulo. Here, we used SHAPE-MaP and dimethyl sulfate mutational profiling with sequencing (DMS-MaPseq) for genome-wide secondary structure analysis of viral RNA (vRNA) of the pandemic influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) strain in both in virio and in cellulo environments. Experimental data allowed the prediction of the secondary structures of all eight vRNA segments in virio and, for the first time, the structures of vRNA5, 7, and 8 in cellulo. We conducted a comprehensive structural analysis of the proposed vRNA structures to reveal the motifs predicted with the highest accuracy. We also performed a base-pairs conservation analysis of the predicted vRNA structures and revealed many highly conserved vRNA motifs among the IAVs. The structural motifs presented herein are potential candidates for new IAV antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mirska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Woźniak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszynska 32, 60-479, Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagny Lorent
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ruszkowska
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jake M Peterson
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Walter N Moss
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - David H Mathews
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics and Center for RNA Biology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 712, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Ryszard Kierzek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kierzek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland.
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Kumar R, Srivastava Y, Muthuramalingam P, Singh SK, Verma G, Tiwari S, Tandel N, Beura SK, Panigrahi AR, Maji S, Sharma P, Rai PK, Prajapati DK, Shin H, Tyagi RK. Understanding Mutations in Human SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2023; 15:856. [PMID: 37112836 PMCID: PMC10142771 DOI: 10.3390/v15040856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variant(s) of concern (VoC) of SARS-CoV-2 have been emerging worldwide due to mutations in the gene encoding spike glycoprotein. We performed comprehensive analyses of spike protein mutations in the significant variant clade of SARS-CoV-2, using the data available on the Nextstrain server. We selected various mutations, namely, A222V, N439K, N501Y, L452R, Y453F, E484K, K417N, T478K, L981F, L212I, N856K, T547K, G496S, and Y369C for this study. These mutations were chosen based on their global entropic score, emergence, spread, transmission, and their location in the spike receptor binding domain (RBD). The relative abundance of these mutations was mapped with global mutation D614G as a reference. Our analyses suggest the rapid emergence of newer global mutations alongside D614G, as reported during the recent waves of COVID-19 in various parts of the world. These mutations could be instrumentally imperative for the transmission, infectivity, virulence, and host immune system's evasion of SARS-CoV-2. The probable impact of these mutations on vaccine effectiveness, antigenic diversity, antibody interactions, protein stability, RBD flexibility, and accessibility to human cell receptor ACE2 was studied in silico. Overall, the present study can help researchers to design the next generation of vaccines and biotherapeutics to combat COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetesh Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
- Department of Biotherapeutics, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Yogesh Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Geetika Verma
- Department of Biotherapeutics, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Savitri Tiwari
- Division of Life Sciences, Department of Biosciences, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Galgotias University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida 201310, India
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG Highway, Gujarat 382481, India
| | - Samir Kumar Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | | | - Somnath Maji
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Prakriti Sharma
- Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-Immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, IIET, Invertis University, Bareilly 243001, India
| | | | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-Immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh 160036, India
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Dos Santos G, Eckermann T, Martínez‐Gómez X, Parra J, Nwoji U, Salamanca de la Cueva I. Enhanced safety surveillance of GSK's quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine in Germany and Spain (2021/2022 season) using an electronic patient‐reported outcome system for vaccine safety remote monitoring. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13098. [PMID: 36991538 PMCID: PMC10040952 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seasonal influenza epidemics are managed through vaccination each winter in the European Union, to prevent infections, complications, and deaths. As circulating virus strains vary unpredictably, vaccines are reformulated annually, and their safety monitored rapidly and continuously at the start of each season, following European Medicines Agency guidelines.Seasonal influenza epidemics are managed through vaccination each winter in the European Union, to prevent infections, complications, and deaths. As circulating virus strains vary unpredictably, vaccines are reformulated annually, and their safety monitored rapidly and continuously at the start of each season, following European Medicines Agency guidelines. Methods This enhanced safety surveillance study assessed pre‐specified and other adverse events (AEs) occurring within 7 days of GSK's inactivated quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (IIV4) in children and adults in Spain and Germany. As the study was conducted during the COVID‐19 pandemic (2021/2022 season), data were collected electronically, using a web portal or call center. Results Safety was assessed in 737 participants (median age 49 and 9 years in Germany and Spain, respectively, 19.3% with a chronic medical condition). After Dose 1 and Dose 2, respectively, 332 (45.1%) and 5 (26.3%) participants reported at least one AE, primarily pre‐specified AEs. The most common AEs after Dose 1 (adults and children) were injection site pain, swelling or erythema, headache, and fatigue. After Dose 2 (in children), the most common AEs were injection site pain, rhinorrhea, fatigue, and decreased appetite. No new or unexpected safety issues were identified. Conclusion This study supports and confirms the safety profile of GSK's IIV4 in all age groups with a vaccine indication. The new electronic safety reporting method (with response rates of 75.4% following Dose 1 and 100% following Dose 2) provides an alternative for future studies to reduce the burden on sites or in case site visits are not feasible.
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Martina CE, Crowe JE, Meiler J. Glycan masking in vaccine design: Targets, immunogens and applications. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126034. [PMID: 37033915 PMCID: PMC10076883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan masking is a novel technique in reverse vaccinology in which sugar chains (glycans) are added on the surface of immunogen candidates to hide regions of low interest and thus focus the immune system on highly therapeutic epitopes. This shielding strategy is inspired by viruses such as influenza and HIV, which are able to escape the immune system by incorporating additional glycosylation and preventing the binding of therapeutic antibodies. Interestingly, the glycan masking technique is mainly used in vaccine design to fight the same viruses that naturally use glycans to evade the immune system. In this review we report the major successes obtained with the glycan masking technique in epitope-focused vaccine design. We focus on the choice of the target antigen, the strategy for immunogen design and the relevance of the carrier vector to induce a strong immune response. Moreover, we will elucidate the different applications that can be accomplished with glycan masking, such as shifting the immune response from hyper-variable epitopes to more conserved ones, focusing the response on known therapeutic epitopes, broadening the response to different viral strains/sub-types and altering the antigen immunogenicity to elicit higher or lower immune response, as desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina E. Martina
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Drug Discovery, Leipzig University Medical School, Leipzig, Germany
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Hemagglutinin Antibodies in the Polish Population during the 2019/2020 Epidemic Season. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030760. [PMID: 36992469 PMCID: PMC10052160 DOI: 10.3390/v15030760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the level of antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the serum of subjects belonging to seven different age groups in the 2019/2020 epidemic season. The level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was tested using the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test. The tests included 700 sera from all over Poland. Their results confirmed the presence of antibodies against the following influenza virus antigens: A/Brisbane/02/2018 (H1N1)pdm09 (48% of samples), A/Kansas/14/2017/ (H3N2) (74% of samples), B/Colorado/06/ 2017 Victoria line (26% of samples), and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata line (63% of samples). The level of antibodies against hemagglutinin varied between the age groups. The highest average (geometric mean) antibody titer (68.0) and the highest response rate (62%) were found for the strain A/Kansas/14/2017/ (H3N2). During the epidemic season in Poland, only 4.4% of the population was vaccinated.
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Rhodes ER, Faris JG, Petersen BM, Sprenger KG. Common framework mutations impact antibody interfacial dynamics and flexibility. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1120582. [PMID: 36911727 PMCID: PMC9996335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction With the flood of engineered antibodies, there is a heightened need to elucidate the structural features of antibodies that contribute to specificity, stability, and breadth. While antibody flexibility and interface angle have begun to be explored, design rules have yet to emerge, as their impact on the metrics above remains unclear. Furthermore, the purpose of framework mutations in mature antibodies is highly convoluted. Methods To this end, a case study utilizing molecular dynamics simulations was undertaken to determine the impact framework mutations have on the VH-VL interface. We further sought to elucidate the governing mechanisms by which changes in the VH-VL interface angle impact structural elements of mature antibodies by looking at root mean squared deviations, root mean squared fluctuations, and solvent accessible surface area. Results and discussion Overall, our results suggest framework mutations can significantly shift the distribution of VH-VL interface angles, which leads to local changes in antibody flexibility through local changes in the solvent accessible surface area. The data presented herein highlights the need to reject the dogma of static antibody crystal structures and exemplifies the dynamic nature of these proteins in solution. Findings from this work further demonstrate the importance of framework mutations on antibody structure and lay the foundation for establishing design principles to create antibodies with increased specificity, stability, and breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kayla G. Sprenger
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States
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