1
|
Yeramilli V, Rizek CS, Graham J, Taylor C, Cheddadi R, Patterson S, Watts S, Martin C. Parental preconception stress in zebrafish induces long-lasting anxiety in offspring. Physiol Behav 2024; 277:114477. [PMID: 38301945 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The growth and function of the vertebrate brain are impacted by environmental stimuli and early life stress. Adults who experience chronic stress during early life are more likely to suffer various neurodevelopmental and health issues. However, our understanding of how these specific environmental signals at different developmental stages affect brain development is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated if stress in parents prior to conception modulates neurodevelopment in offspring. We used a chronic unpredictable stress model adapted to zebrafish, which is an increasingly popular vertebrate model in neuroscience research to investigate the effects of both maternal and paternal preconception stress on offspring behavior. We evaluated the responsiveness of three anxiety-related behavioral paradigms in zebrafish: the novel tank test, thigmotaxis, and shoaling behavior. We found larvae from stressed females exhibited anxiety-like behavior in a thigmotaxis assay. As these larvae matured into adults, they continued to exhibit anxiety-like behavior in a novel tank and shoaling behavioral assay. These studies indicate preconception stress exposure in parents can induce life-long alterations in offspring neurodevelopment. Further, these results expand the hypothesis that chronically elevated glucocorticoid signaling not only in stressed mothers, but also stressed dads can affect neurodevelopment in offspring. We propose that zebrafish may be a useful model to study the transgenerational effects of chronic stress mediated via the maternal and paternal line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Yeramilli
- Dept of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, US
| | | | - Jessica Graham
- Dept of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, US
| | - Christopher Taylor
- Dept of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, US
| | - Riadh Cheddadi
- Dept of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, US
| | - Sophie Patterson
- Dept of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, US
| | - Stephen Watts
- Dept of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, US
| | - Colin Martin
- Dept of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, US.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Printzi A, Koumoundouros G, Fournier V, Madec L, Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D. Effect of Early Peptide Diets on Zebrafish Skeletal Development. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040659. [PMID: 37189406 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of dietary peptides has been correlated with decreased presence of skeletal abnormalities in marine larvae. In an attempt to clarify the effect of smaller protein fractions on fish larval and post-larval skeleton, we designed three isoenergetic diets with partial substitution of their protein content with 0% (C), 6% (P6) and 12% (P12) shrimp di- and tripeptides. Experimental diets were tested in zebrafish under two regimes, with inclusion (ADF-Artemia and dry feed) or lack (DF-dry feed only) of live food. Results at the end of metamorphosis highlight the beneficial effect of P12 on growth, survival and early skeletal quality when dry diets are provided from first feeding (DF). Exclusive feeding with P12 also increased the musculoskeletal resistance of the post-larval skeleton against the swimming challenge test (SCT). On the contrary, Artemia inclusion (ADF) overruled any peptide effect in total fish performance. Given the unknown species' larval nutrient requirements, a 12% dietary peptide incorporation is proposed for successful rearing without live food. A potential nutritional control of the larval and post-larval skeletal development even in aquaculture species is suggested. Limitations of the current molecular analysis are discussed to enable the future identification of the peptide-driven regulatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Printzi
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Lauriane Madec
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - David Mazurais
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Green GB, Williams MB, Chehade SB, Flowers JT, Morrow CD, Lawrence AL, Bej AK, Watts SA. Body Metrics and the Gut Microbiome in Response to Macronutrient Limitation in the Zebrafish Danio rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 2023; 7:100065. [PMID: 37304849 PMCID: PMC10257228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Healthy and predictable physiologic homeostasis is paramount in animal models for biomedical research. Proper macronutrient intake is an essential and controllable environmental factor for maintaining animal health and promoting experimental reproducibility. Objective and Methods Evaluate reductions in dietary macronutrient composition on body weight metrics, composition, and gut microbiome in Danio rerio. Methods D. rerio were fed reference diets deficient in either protein or lipid content for 14 weeks. Results Diets of reduced-protein or reduced-fat resulted in lower weight gain than the standard reference diet in male and female D. rerio. Females fed the reduced-protein diet had increased total body lipid, suggesting increased adiposity compared with females fed the standard reference diet. In contrast, females fed the reduced-fat diet had decreased total body lipid compared with females fed the standard reference diet. The microbial community in male and female D. rerio fed the standard reference diet displayed high abundances of Aeromonas, Rhodobacteraceae, and Vibrio. In contrast, Vibrio spp. were dominant in male and female D. rerio fed a reduced-protein diet, whereas Pseudomonas displayed heightened abundance when fed the reduced-fat diet. Predicted functional metagenomics of microbial communities (PICRUSt2) revealed a 3- to 4-fold increase in the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) functional category of steroid hormone biosynthesis in both male and female D. rerio fed a reduced-protein diet. In contrast, an upregulation of secondary bile acid biosynthesis and synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies was concomitant with a downregulation in steroid hormone biosynthesis in females fed a reduced-fat diet. Conclusions These study outcomes provide insight into future investigations to understand nutrient requirements to optimize growth, reproductive, and health demographics to microbial populations and metabolism in the D. rerio gut ecosystem. These evaluations are critical in understanding the maintenance of steady-state physiologic and metabolic homeostasis in D. rerio. Curr Dev Nutr 20xx;x:xx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George B.H. Green
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Michael B. Williams
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sophie B. Chehade
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jonathan T. Flowers
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Casey D. Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Addison L. Lawrence
- Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Agriculture and Life Sciences, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Asim K. Bej
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- J. Frank Barefield, Jr. Department of Criminal Justice, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vivero-Lopez M, Sparacino C, Quelle-Regaldie A, Sánchez L, Candal E, Barreiro-Iglesias A, Huete-Toral F, Carracedo G, Otero A, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Pluronic®/casein micelles for ophthalmic delivery of resveratrol: In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo tests. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
5
|
Vossen LE, Brunberg R, Rådén P, Winberg S, Roman E. Sex-Specific Effects of Acute Ethanol Exposure on Locomotory Activity and Exploratory Behavior in Adult Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853936. [PMID: 35721152 PMCID: PMC9201571 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an established model organism in pharmacology and biomedicine, including in research on alcohol use disorders and alcohol-related disease. In the past 2 decades, zebrafish has been used to study the complex effects of ethanol on the vertebrate brain and behavior in both acute, chronic and developmental exposure paradigms. Sex differences in the neurobehavioral response to ethanol are well documented for humans and rodents, yet no consensus has been reached for zebrafish. Here, we show for the first time that male zebrafish of the AB strain display more severe behavioral impairments than females for equal exposure concentrations. Adult zebrafish were immersed in 0, 1 or 2% (v/v) ethanol for 30 min, after which behavior was individually assessed in the zebrafish Multivariate Concentric Square Field™ (zMCSF) arena. Males exposed to 2% ethanol showed clear signs of sedation, including reduced activity, increased shelter seeking and reduced exploration of shallow zones. The 1% male group displayed effects in the same direction but of smaller magnitude; this group also explored the shallow areas less, but did not show a general reduction in activity nor an increase in shelter seeking. By contrast, 1 and 2% exposed females showed no alterations in explorative behavior. Females exposed to 2% ethanol did not display a general reduction in activity, rather activity gradually increased from hypoactivity to hyperactivity over the course of the test. This mixed stimulatory/depressant effect was only quantifiable when locomotory variables were analyzed over time and was not apparent from averages of the whole 30-min test, which may explain why previous studies failed to detect sex-specific effects on locomotion. Our results emphasize the importance of explicitly including sex and time as factors in pharmacological studies of zebrafish behavior. We hypothesize that the lower sensitivity of female zebrafish to ethanol may be explained by their greater body weight and associated larger distribution volume for ethanol, which may render lower brain ethanol concentrations in females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Vossen
- Division of Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ronja Brunberg
- Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behavior, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pontus Rådén
- Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behavior, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Svante Winberg
- Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erika Roman
- Division of Anatomy and Physiology, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Neuropharmacology, Addiction and Behavior, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Valentine S, Kwasek K. Feeding Rate and Protein Quality Differentially Affect Growth and Feeding Efficiency Response Variables of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2022; 19:94-103. [PMID: 35527676 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2022.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulating feeding rate and protein quality may improve growth and feeding efficiency of cultured species. However, whether feeding rate, protein quality, or their interaction has a greater effect on growth and feeding efficiency response variables is unknown. To determine whether feeding rate and protein quality individually or interactively affect growth and feeding efficiency, juvenile Zebrafish (Danio rerio) were either offered nutritionally similar diet consisting of either menhaden fishmeal protein or a 100% replacement of fishmeal with soybean meal-based protein restrictively or to satiation. Total length, weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured throughout the duration of the study. Protein quality and feeding rate individually and interactively affected feed intake and FCR: Zebrafish offered feed to satiation had higher growth and FCR than those fed restrictively, and Zebrafish fed soybean meal-based diet showed lower growth and higher FCR and feed intake compared to those fed fishmeal-based diet, although magnitude of response depended on feeding rate. These findings likely indicate lower digestibility of soybean meal or the presence of antinutritional factors in soybean meal that led to impaired nutrient absorption of fish offered soybean meal-based diet. Differences in measured response variables between protein qualities and feeding rates highlight the importance of determining interactive effects in nutritional studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaley Valentine
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Karolina Kwasek
- Center for Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Žák J, Roy K, Dyková I, Mráz J, Reichard M. Starter feed for carnivorous species as a practical replacement of bloodworms for a vertebrate model organism in ageing, the turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:894-908. [PMID: 35195903 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a controlled diet is unfortunate in a promising model organism for ageing, the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri Jubb, 1971). Currently captive N. furzeri are fed bloodworms but it is not known whether this is an optimal diet. Replacing bloodworms with a practical dry feed would reduce diet variability. In the present study, we estimated the nutritional value of the diet ingested by wild fish and determined the fish-body amino acid profile as a proxy for their nutritional requirements. We compared the performance of fish fed four commercial feeds containing 46%-64% protein to that achieved with bloodworms and that of wild fish. Wild fish target a high-protein (60%) diet and this is supported by their superior performance on high-protein diets in captivity. In contrast, feeds for omnivores led to slower growth, lower fecundity and unnatural liver size. In comparison to wild fish, a bloodworm diet led to lower body condition, overfeeding and male liver enlargement. Out of the four dry feeds tested, the fish fed Aller matched wild fish in body condition and liver size, and was comparable to bloodworms in terms of growth and fecundity. A starter feed for carnivorous species appears to be a practical replacement for bloodworms for N. furzeri. The use of dry feeds improved performance in comparison to bloodworms and thus may contribute to reducing response variability and improving research reproducibility in N. furzeri research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mráz
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
University of Alabama at Birmingham Nathan Shock Center: comparative energetics of aging. GeroScience 2021; 43:2149-2160. [PMID: 34304389 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The UAB Nathan Shock Center focuses on comparative energetics and aging. Energetics, as defined for this purpose, encompasses the causes, mechanisms, and consequences of the acquisition, storage, and use of metabolizable energy. Comparative energetics is the study of metabolic processes at multiple scales and across multiple species as it relates to health and aging. The link between energetics and aging is increasingly understood in terms of dysregulated mitochondrial function, altered metabolic signaling, and aberrant nutrient responsiveness with increasing age. The center offers world-class expertise in comprehensive, integrated energetic assessment and analysis from the level of the organelle to the organism and across species from the size of worms to rats as well as state-of-the-art data analytics. The range of services offered by our three research cores, (1) The Organismal Energetics Core, (2) Mitometabolism Core, and (3) Data Analytics Core, is described herein.
Collapse
|
9
|
Del Vecchio G, Lai F, Gomes AS, Verri T, Kalananthan T, Barca A, Handeland S, Rønnestad I. Effects of Short-Term Fasting on mRNA Expression of Ghrelin and the Peptide Transporters PepT1 and 2 in Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar). Front Physiol 2021; 12:666670. [PMID: 34234687 PMCID: PMC8255630 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.666670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Food intake is a vital process that supplies necessary energy and essential nutrients to the body. Information regarding luminal composition in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) collected through mechanical and nutrient sensing mechanisms are generally conveyed, in both mammals and fish, to the hypothalamic neurocircuits. In this context, ghrelin, the only known hormone with an orexigenic action, and the intestinal peptide transporters 1 and 2, involved in absorption of dietary di- and tripeptides, exert important and also integrated roles for the nutrient uptake. Together, both are potentially involved in signaling pathways that control food intake originating from different segments of the GIT. However, little is known about the role of different paralogs and their response to fasting. Therefore, after 3 weeks of acclimatization, 12 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolt were fasted for 4 days to explore the gastrointestinal response in comparison with fed control (n = 12). The analysis covered morphometric (weight, length, condition factor, and wet content/weight fish %), molecular (gene expression variations), and correlation analyses. Such short-term fasting is a common and recommended practice used prior to any handling in commercial culture of the species. There were no statistical differences in length and weight but a significant lower condition factor in the fasted group. Transcriptional analysis along the gastrointestinal segments revealed a tendency of downregulation for both paralogous genes slc15a1a and slc15a1b and with significant lowered levels in the pyloric ceca for slc15a1a and in the pyloric ceca and midgut for slc15a1b. No differences were found for slc15a2a and slc15a2b (except a higher expression of the fasted group in the anterior midgut), supporting different roles for slc15 paralogs. This represents the first report on the effects of fasting on slc15a2 expressed in GIT in teleosts. Transcriptional analysis of ghrelin splicing variants (ghrl-1 and ghrl-2) showed no difference between treatments. However, correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression for all genes (restricted to segment with the highest levels) were affected by the residual luminal content. Overall, the results show minimal effects of 4 days of induced fasting in Atlantic salmon, suggesting that more time is needed to initiate a large GIT response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Del Vecchio
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Floriana Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana S Gomes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tiziano Verri
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Amilcare Barca
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Sigurd Handeland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brenes-Soto A, Tye M, Esmail MY. The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility. ILAR J 2020; 60:197-215. [PMID: 33094819 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed plays a central role in the physiological development of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Historically, the feeding practice of aquatic research species derived from aquaculture, farmed, or ornamental trades. These diets are highly variable, with limited quality control, and have been typically selected to provide the fastest growth or highest fecundity. These variations of quality and composition of diets may affect animal/colony health and can introduce confounding experimental variables into animal-based studies that impact research reproducibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenes-Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marc Tye
- Zebrafish Core Facility, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Y Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University Health Science Campus, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chowanadisai W, Hart MD, Strong MD, Graham DM, Rucker RB, Smith BJ, Keen CL, Messerli MA. Genetic and Genomic Advances in Developmental Models: Applications for Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:971-978. [PMID: 32135011 PMCID: PMC7360451 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that dietary components influence and interact with genes important to metabolism. How such influences impact developmental regulation and programming or risks of chronic diseases remains unclear. Nutrition is recognized to affect development and chronic diseases, but our understanding about how genes essential to nutrient metabolism regulate development and impact risks of these diseases remains unclear. Historically, mammalian models, especially rodents such as rats and mice, have been the primary models used for nutrition and developmental nutrition science, although their complexity and relatively slow rate of development often compromise rapid progress in resolving fundamental, genetic-related questions. Accordingly, the objective of this review is to highlight the opportunities for developmental models in the context of uncovering the function of gene products that are relevant to human nutrition and provide the scientific bases for these opportunities. We present recent studies in zebrafish related to obesity as applications of developmental models in nutritional science. Although the control of external factors and dependent variables, such as nutrition, can be a challenge, suggestions for standardizations related to diet are made to improve consistency in findings between laboratories. The review also highlights the need for standardized diets across different developmental models, which could improve consistency in findings across laboratories. Alternative and developmental animal models have advantages and largely untapped potential for the advancement of nutrigenomics and nutritionally relevant research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Morgan D Strong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert B Rucker
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Messerli
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lysosome-Rich Enterocytes Mediate Protein Absorption in the Vertebrate Gut. Dev Cell 2019; 51:7-20.e6. [PMID: 31474562 PMCID: PMC6783362 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The guts of neonatal mammals and stomachless fish have a limited capacity for luminal protein digestion, which allows oral acquisition of antibodies and antigens. However, how dietary protein is absorbed during critical developmental stages when the gut is still immature is unknown. Here, we show that specialized intestinal cells, which we call lysosome-rich enterocytes (LREs), internalize dietary protein via receptor-mediated and fluid-phase endocytosis for intracellular digestion and trans-cellular transport. In LREs, we identify a conserved endocytic machinery, composed of the scavenger receptor complex Cubilin/Amnionless and Dab2, that is required for protein uptake by LREs and for growth and survival of larval zebrafish. Moreover, impairing LRE function in suckling mice, via conditional deletion of Dab2, leads to stunted growth and severe protein malnutrition reminiscent of kwashiorkor, a devastating human malnutrition syndrome. These findings identify digestive functions and conserved molecular mechanisms in LREs that are crucial for vertebrate growth and survival.
Collapse
|
13
|
Fowler LA, Williams MB, Dennis-Cornelius LN, Farmer S, Barry RJ, Powell ML, Watts SA. Influence of Commercial and Laboratory Diets on Growth, Body Composition, and Reproduction in the Zebrafish Danio rerio. Zebrafish 2019; 16:508-521. [PMID: 31381491 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The value of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism continues to expand. In developing the model, current feeding practice in zebrafish laboratories includes the use of commercially available diets. In this study, we compared outcomes in growth, body composition, and reproduction among zebrafish fed five highly utilized commercial diets and one formulated chemically defined reference diet. Wild-type zebrafish larvae were raised on live feed until 21 days postfertilization and then fed diets for 16 weeks. All fish received a daily ration of >5% of body weight (adjusted biweekly). Growth varied among diets throughout the feeding trial, and at study termination (week 16), significant differences among diets were observed for terminal weight gain, body condition index, body fat deposition, and reproductive outcomes. In addition, the proportion of viable embryos produced from females fed the formulated reference diet was high relative to the commercial diets. These data suggest that metabolic profiles, most likely reflecting nutrient/energy availability, utilization, and allocation, vary relative to diet in zebrafish. Undefined differences in metabolic profiles could result in erroneous predictions of health outcomes and make comparisons among laboratories more challenging. We recommend that dietary standards should be defined for zebrafish to support their common utility in biomedical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Adele Fowler
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Susan Farmer
- Animal Resources Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R Jeff Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mickie L Powell
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Krishnan J, Rohner N. Sweet fish: Fish models for the study of hyperglycemia and diabetes. J Diabetes 2019; 11:193-203. [PMID: 30264455 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish are good for your health in more ways than you may expect. For one, eating fish is a common dietary recommendation for a healthy diet. However, fish have much more to provide than omega-3 fatty acids to your circulatory system. Some fish species now serve as important and innovative model systems for diabetes research, providing novel and unique advantages compared with classical research models. Not surprisingly, the largest share of diabetes research in fish occurs in the laboratory workhorse among fish, the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Established as a genetic model system to study development, these small cyprinid fish have eventually conquered almost every scientific discipline and, over the past decade, have emerged as an important model system for metabolic diseases, including diabetes mellitus. In this review we highlight the practicability of using zebrafish to study diabetes and hyperglycemia, and summarize some of the recent research and breakthroughs made using this model. Equally exciting is the appearance of another emerging discipline, one that is taking advantage of evolution by studying cases of naturally occurring insulin resistance in fish species. We briefly discuss two such models in this review, namely the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the cavefish (Astyanax mexicanus).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Krishnan
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Nicolas Rohner
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, KU Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kolb A, Hildebrandt F, Lawrence C. Effects of Diet and Social Housing on Reproductive Success in Adult Zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish 2018; 15:445-453. [PMID: 30102583 PMCID: PMC6198761 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have proven their efficiency as an animal model for genetics and development, but their nutrition and housing requirements continue to elude researchers. Diet and housing density were predicted to affect weight change and reproductive success in 120 days postfertilization (dpf) zebrafish, and growth performance of their progeny. Fish were fed one of four diets, each utilizing a different primary protein source (fish meal [Zeigler™], algae, or insect), while being housed 3.3 or 6.6 fish/L for 3 weeks. Clutch size, viability, and larval development of their progeny were monitored out to 10 dpf. All diets were sent out for proximate nutrient analysis and fatty acid profiles to understand how diet compositions affect reproduction. We found that diet and housing proximity affected adult fish weight and larvae growth; diets composed of higher levels of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (specifically arachidonic acid [AA] and eicosapentanoic acid) allowed fish to gain weight and produce healthy larvae. Fish housed at higher densities produced smaller embryos, but larger larvae than those housed at lower densities. These findings imply that significant effects of a modified stimulus are exhibited after relatively short periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kolb
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Christian Lawrence
- Aquatic Resources Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tsang B, Zahid H, Ansari R, Lee RCY, Partap A, Gerlai R. Breeding Zebrafish: A Review of Different Methods and a Discussion on Standardization. Zebrafish 2017; 14:561-573. [PMID: 28873037 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2017.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a rapidly increasing number of scientific papers have been published that utilize zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an alternative model organism in the study of a wide range of biological phenomena from cancer to behavior. This is, in large part, due to the prolific nature, relative ease of maintenance, and sufficiently high genetic homology of zebrafish to humans. With the surge of zebrafish use in animal research, the variations in methodologies of breeding and husbandry of this species have also increased. Investigators usually focus on the development and implementation of rigorous laboratory control that is specific to their studies. We suggest that the same scrutiny and attention may be required for the methods of breeding and housing of zebrafish. This article reviews a variety of zebrafish husbandry and breeding techniques and conditions employed around the world. It discusses factors ranging from numerous aspects of rearing/housing conditions through the sex ratio of the breeding group to the composition of the diet of zebrafish that may vary across laboratories. It provides some feedback on the potential pros and cons of the different methods. It argues that there is a substantial need for systematic analysis of these methods, that is, the effects of environmental factors on zebrafish health and breeding. It also discusses the question as to whether some degree of standardization of these methods is needed to enhance cross-laboratory comparability of results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Tsang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Canada
| | - Hifsa Zahid
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Canada
| | - Rida Ansari
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Canada
| | | | - Aman Partap
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Canada
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga , Mississauga, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gut P, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR, Arnaout R. LITTLE FISH, BIG DATA: ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:889-938. [PMID: 28468832 PMCID: PMC5817164 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases worldwide is staggering. The emergence of systems approaches in biology promises new therapies, faster and cheaper diagnostics, and personalized medicine. However, a profound understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels remains a fundamental requirement for discovery and therapeutics. Animal models of human disease are cornerstones of drug discovery as they allow identification of novel pharmacological targets by linking gene function with pathogenesis. The zebrafish model has been used for decades to study development and pathophysiology. More than ever, the specific strengths of the zebrafish model make it a prime partner in an age of discovery transformed by big-data approaches to genomics and disease. Zebrafish share a largely conserved physiology and anatomy with mammals. They allow a wide range of genetic manipulations, including the latest genome engineering approaches. They can be bred and studied with remarkable speed, enabling a range of large-scale phenotypic screens. Finally, zebrafish demonstrate an impressive regenerative capacity scientists hope to unlock in humans. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide on applications of zebrafish to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We delineate advantages and limitations of zebrafish models of human disease and summarize their most significant contributions to understanding disease progression to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taylor JC, Dewberry LS, Totsch SK, Yessick LR, DeBerry JJ, Watts SA, Sorge RE. A novel zebrafish-based model of nociception. Physiol Behav 2017; 174:83-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
19
|
Leulier F, MacNeil LT, Lee WJ, Rawls JF, Cani PD, Schwarzer M, Zhao L, Simpson SJ. Integrative Physiology: At the Crossroads of Nutrition, Microbiota, Animal Physiology, and Human Health. Cell Metab 2017; 25:522-534. [PMID: 28273475 PMCID: PMC6200423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is paramount in shaping all aspects of animal biology. In addition, the influence of the intestinal microbiota on physiology is now widely recognized. Given that diet also shapes the intestinal microbiota, this raises the question of how the nutritional environment and microbial assemblages together influence animal physiology. This research field constitutes a new frontier in the field of organismal biology that needs to be addressed. Here we review recent studies using animal models and humans and propose an integrative framework within which to define the study of the diet-physiology-microbiota systems and ultimately link it to human health. Nutritional Geometry sits centrally in the proposed framework and offers means to define diet compositions that are optimal for individuals and populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for the Genomics of Microbial Systems, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Opazo R, Fuenzalida K, Plaza-Parrochia F, Romero J. Performance of Debaryomyces hansenii as a Diet for Rotifers for Feeding Zebrafish Larvae. Zebrafish 2017; 14:187-194. [PMID: 28192066 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish larval stage is a critical moment due to high mortality rates associated with inadequate supplies of nutritional requirements. Larval feeding has important challenges associated with such factors as small mouth gape (≈100 μm), the low activity of digestive enzymes, and the intake of live food. A common zebrafish live food at the onset of exogenous feeding is rotifers, mainly Brachionus plicatilis. These rotifers should be fed with other microorganisms such as microalgae or yeast, mostly from the Saccharomyces genus. In the laboratory, the culture of microalgae is more expensive than the culture of yeast. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Debaryomyces hansenii as a diet for rotifers in comparison to a microalgae-based diet (Rotigrow®). To achieve this aim, we assessed the rotifer total protein content, the rotifers fatty acid profile, zebrafish larval growth performance, the expression of key growth, and endocrine appetite regulation genes. The total protein and fatty acids content were similar in both rotifer cultures, averaging 35% of dry matter (DM) and 18% of DM, respectively. Interestingly, the fatty acids profile showed differences between the two rotifer cultures: omega-3 fatty acids were only observed in the Microalgae/rotifer, whereas, omega-6 fatty acids presented similar levels in both rotifer cultures. No differences were observed in the larval body length distribution or mortalities between the rotifer cultures. However, gh, igf-1, and cck gene expression showed significantly higher upregulation in zebrafish fed the Microalgae/rotifer diet compared with those fed the Debaryomyces/rotifer diet. In conclusion, D. hansenii could be an alternative diet for rotifer used as a live food in zebrafish larvae at the onset of exogenous feeding. The gene responses observed in this work open up the opportunity to study the effect of omega-3 supply on growth regulation in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Opazo
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Fuenzalida
- 2 Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Di- and tripeptide transport in vertebrates: the contribution of teleost fish models. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 187:395-462. [PMID: 27803975 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-016-1044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Solute Carrier 15 (SLC15) family, alias H+-coupled oligopeptide cotransporter family, is a group of membrane transporters known for their role in the cellular uptake of di- and tripeptides (di/tripeptides) and peptide-like molecules. Of its members, SLC15A1 (PEPT1) chiefly mediates intestinal absorption of luminal di/tripeptides from dietary protein digestion, while SLC15A2 (PEPT2) mainly allows renal tubular reabsorption of di/tripeptides from ultrafiltration, SLC15A3 (PHT2) and SLC15A4 (PHT1) possibly interact with di/tripeptides and histidine in certain immune cells, and SLC15A5 has unknown function. Our understanding of this family in vertebrates has steadily increased, also due to the surge of genomic-to-functional information from 'non-conventional' animal models, livestock, poultry, and aquaculture fish species. Here, we review the literature on the SLC15 transporters in teleost fish with emphasis on SLC15A1 (PEPT1), one of the solute carriers better studied amongst teleost fish because of its relevance in animal nutrition. We report on the operativity of the transporter, the molecular diversity, and multiplicity of structural-functional solutions of the teleost fish orthologs with respect to higher vertebrates, its relevance at the intersection of the alimentary and osmoregulative functions of the gut, its response under various physiological states and dietary solicitations, and its possible involvement in examples of total body plasticity, such as growth and compensatory growth. By a comparative approach, we also review the few studies in teleost fish on SLC15A2 (PEPT2), SLC15A4 (PHT1), and SLC15A3 (PHT2). By representing the contribution of teleost fish to the knowledge of the physiology of di/tripeptide transport and transporters, we aim to fill the gap between higher and lower vertebrates.
Collapse
|
22
|
Fernandes H, Peres H, Carvalho AP. Dietary Protein Requirement During Juvenile Growth of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2016; 13:548-555. [PMID: 27642792 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A standard diet for zebrafish, based on their specific nutritional requirements, is of primary importance to improve experimental outcomes with this model organism and optimize its large-scale production. However, the main basic nutritional requirements of zebrafish are yet to be determined. This study aimed at contributing to fill this gap by evaluating the dietary protein requirement of zebrafish juvenile. Ten isoenergetic fishmeal-based diets with increasing protein levels (15%-60%) were formulated, and each diet was assigned to duplicated groups of zebrafish (53.6 mg/17.8 mm initial mean body weight/fork length), fed to apparent satiation during 8 weeks. Weight gain, protein retention, and feed efficiency significantly increased in fish fed diets with increasing protein levels up to 35%-40% and then stabilized. Based on dose-response models, the dietary protein requirement of zebrafish juvenile was estimated at 37.6% and 44.8% for maximum weight gain and maximum protein retention, respectively (with a crude protein-to-energy ratio of about 22.5 g/MJ), corresponding to a protein intake of 14 mg/g average body weight/day. Feed intake increased linearly when fish were fed diets with decreasing protein levels below the estimated requirement, suggesting that zebrafish would regulate feed intake primarily to meet protein needs. On the other hand, the efficiency of protein utilization and retention linearly decreased when fish were fed diets with increasing protein levels above the estimated requirement, indicating that the excess of dietary protein would be deaminated, contributing to increased ammonia excretion. The whole-body composition of fish was affected by the dietary protein level, with fish fed diets with higher protein levels having higher water and protein contents and lower energy content. Considering that zebrafish juveniles are often reared with diets containing excessive amounts of protein, we suggest that the estimated protein requirement should be taken into account to formulate a more suitable, cost-effective, and less pollutant diet for this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helena Fernandes
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Helena Peres
- 2 CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal .,2 CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fowler LA, Dennis LN, Barry RJ, Powell ML, Watts SA, Smith DL. In Vivo Determination of Body Composition in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) by Quantitative Magnetic Resonance. Zebrafish 2016; 13:170-6. [PMID: 26974510 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model research organism continues to expand its relevance and role in multiple research disciplines, with recent work directed toward models of metabolism, nutrition, and energetics. Multiple technologies exist to assess body composition in animal research models at various levels of detail (tissues/organs, body regions, and whole organism). The development and/or validation of body composition assessment tools can open new areas of research questions for a given organism. Using fish from a comparative nutrition study, quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) assessment of whole body fat and fat-free mass (FFM) in live fish was performed. QMR measures from two cohorts (n = 26 and n = 27) were compared with chemical carcass analysis (CCA) of FM and FFM. QMR was significantly correlated with chemical carcass values (fat, p < 0.001; lean, p = 0.002), although QMR significantly overestimated fat mass (FM) (0.011 g; p < 0.0001) and underestimated FFM (-0.024 g; p < 0.0001) relative to CCA. In a separate cross-validation group of fish, prediction equations corrected carcass values for FM (p = 0.121) and FFM (p = 0.753). These results support the utilization of QMR-a nonlethal nondestructive method-for cross-sectional or longitudinal body composition assessment outcomes in zebrafish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Adele Fowler
- 1 Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lacey N Dennis
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - R Jeff Barry
- 2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mickie L Powell
- 1 Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen A Watts
- 1 Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel L Smith
- 1 Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama.,3 Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Growth of rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus) fed different amounts of dietary protein and lipids. Lab Anim (NY) 2016; 45:105-11. [DOI: 10.1038/laban.936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Powell ML, Pegues MA, Szalai AJ, Ghanta VK, D'Abramo LR, Watts SA. Effects of the Dietary ω3:ω6 Fatty Acid Ratio on Body Fat and Inflammation in Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Med 2015; 65:289-294. [PMID: 26310458 PMCID: PMC4549674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The diets of populations in industrialized nations have shifted to dramatically increased consumption of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with a corresponding decrease in the consumption of ω3 PUFA. This dietary shift may be related to observed increases in obesity, chronic inflammation, and comorbidities in the human population. We examined the effects of ω3:ω6 fatty acid ratios in the context of constant total dietary lipid on the growth, total body fat, and responses of key inflammatory markers in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish were fed diets in which the ω3:ω6 PUFA ratios were representative of those in a purported ancestral diet (1:2) and more contemporary Western diets (1:5 and 1:8). After 5 mo, weight gain (fat free mass) of zebrafish was highest for those that received the 1:8 ratio treatment, but total body fat was lowest at this ratio. Measured by quantitative real-time RT-PCR, mRNA levels from liver samples of 3 chronic inflammatory response genes (C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, and vitellogenin) were lowest at the 1:8 ratio. These data provide evidence of the ability to alter zebrafish growth and body composition through the quality of dietary lipid and support the application of this model to investigations of human health and disease related to fat metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mickie L Powell
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Melissa A Pegues
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alexander J Szalai
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Vithal K Ghanta
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Louis R D'Abramo
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Tye M, Rider D, Duffy EA, Seubert A, Lothert B, Schimmenti LA. Nonhatching Decapsulated Artemia Cysts As a Replacement to Artemia Nauplii in Juvenile and Adult Zebrafish Culture. Zebrafish 2014; 12:457-61. [PMID: 25495227 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2014.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding Artemia nauplii as the main nutrition source for zebrafish is a common practice for many research facilities. Culturing live feed can be time-consuming and requires additional equipment to be purchased, maintained, and cleaned. Nonhatching decapsulated Artemia cysts (decaps) are a commercially available product that can be fed directly to fish. Several other ornamental fish species have been successfully cultured using decaps. Replacing Artemia nauplii with decaps could reduce the overall time and costs associated with the operation of a zebrafish facility. The objective of this study was to determine if decaps could be a suitable replacement to Artemia nauplii in juvenile and adult zebrafish culture. Wild-type zebrafish were fed one of three dietary treatments: decaps only, nauplii only, or a standard consisting of nauplii plus a commercially prepared pellet food. Survival, growth (length and weight), and embryo production were analyzed between the treatments. Fish receiving the decap diet demonstrated a significantly higher growth and embryo production when compared to the fish receiving the nauplii-only diet. When comparing the decap fish to the standard fish, no significant difference was found in mean survival, mean weight at 90 days postfertilization, or mean embryo production. It was determined that nonhatching decapsulated Artemia cysts can be used as a suitable replacement to Artemia nauplii in juvenile and adult zebrafish culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Tye
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dana Rider
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth A Duffy
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Adam Seubert
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brogen Lothert
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lisa A Schimmenti
- Zebrafish Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Paul LT, Fowler LA, Barry RJ, Watts SA. Evaluation of Moringa oleifera as a dietary supplement on growth and reproductive performance in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL ECOLOGY AND FOOD RESEARCH 2013; 1:322-328. [PMID: 27570785 PMCID: PMC4998195 DOI: 10.1166/jnef.2013.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of the Moringa oleifera (Moringa) tree contain a significant source of protein, vitamins and minerals, and are considered as an important dietary supplement in countries where chronic malnourishment is linked to poor fetal development. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Moringa leaf as a supplemental replacement for vitamins, minerals, and protein in a formulated zebrafish diet and the impact that it may have on growth and reproductive outcome. Diets included a formulated control (FC) containing an array of vitamins and mineral supplements (pre-mixes), dried ground Moringa only (M), formulated control minus vitamin and mineral pre-mixes (Fvm), and formulated control minus vitamin and mineral pre-mixes and supplemented with Moringa (FM). Juvenile zebrafish were fed experimental diets ad libitum. After a 12 week feeding period, each treatment group was evaluated based on growth and reproductive performance. The M treatment showed the least growth performance (length and weight gain) and no reproductive success (no egg production). Although small, M fish appeared otherwise healthy, with survivorship at ca. 70%, suggesting, Moringa can serve as a single ingredient source for a short period of time. FC showed the highest growth performance, and had the highest reproductive success. Growth performance and reproduction in the Fvm diet was greatly reduced. However, inclusion of Moringa (FM) promoted significant, but not total, recovery of growth and reproductive metrics. These data suggest that Moringa leaves can serve as an acceptable supplement for macro and micronutrients in the diet and could, in part, reduce problems associated with nutrient deficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Barry
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Stephen A. Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| |
Collapse
|