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Kloog I, Zhang X. Methods to Advance Climate Science in Respiratory Health: Satellite-Based Environmental Modeling for Temperature Exposure Assessment in Epidemiological Studies. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2024; 44:97-107. [PMID: 37973263 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major concern with significant impacts on human health including respiratory outcomes, particularly through changes in air temperature. The rise in global temperature has led to an increase in heat waves and extreme weather events, which pose serious risks to respiratory health. Accurately assessing the effects of air temperature on respiratory health requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates fine-scale exposure assessment to characterize the geospatial environment impacting population health. Recent advances in open-source earth observation data have allowed for improved exposure assessment through temperature modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Kravis Children's Hospital, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Zafeiratou S, Samoli E, Analitis A, Dimakopoulou K, Giannakopoulos C, Varotsos KV, Schneider A, Stafoggia M, Aunan K, Katsouyanni K. Modification of heat-related effects on mortality by air pollution concentration, at small-area level, in the Attica prefecture, Greece. Environ Health 2024; 23:10. [PMID: 38267931 PMCID: PMC10809516 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The independent effects of short-term exposure to increased air temperature and air pollution on mortality are well-documented. There is some evidence indicating that elevated concentrations of air pollutants may lead to increased heat-related mortality, but this evidence is not consistent. Most of these effects have been documented through time-series studies using city-wide data, rather than at a finer spatial level. In our study, we examined the possible modification of the heat effects on total and cause-specific mortality by air pollution at municipality level in the Attica region, Greece, during the warm period of the years 2000 to 2016. METHODS A municipality-specific over-dispersed Poisson regression model during the warm season (May-September) was used to investigate the heat effects on mortality and their modification by air pollution. We used the two-day average of the daily mean temperature and daily mean PM10, NO2 and 8 hour-max ozone (O3), derived from models, in each municipality as exposures. A bivariate tensor smoother was applied for temperature and each pollutant alternatively, by municipality. Α random-effects meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled estimates of the heat effects at different pollution levels. Heterogeneity of the between-levels differences of the heat effects was evaluated with a Q-test. RESULTS A rise in mean temperature from the 75th to the 99th percentile of the municipality-specific temperature distribution resulted in an increase in total mortality of 12.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI):7.76-17.24) on low PM10 days, and 21.25% (95% CI: 17.83-24.76) on high PM10 days. The increase on mortality was 10.09% (95% CI: - 5.62- 28.41) on low ozone days, and 14.95% (95% CI: 10.79-19.27) on high ozone days. For cause-specific mortality an increasing trend of the heat effects with increasing PM10 and ozone levels was also observed. An inconsistent pattern was observed for the modification of the heat effects by NO2, with higher heat effects estimated in the lower level of the pollutant. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the evidence of elevated heat effects on mortality at higher levels of PM10 and 8 h max O3. Under climate change, any policy targeted at lowering air pollution levels will yield significant public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Zafeiratou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Analitis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Dimakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Giannakopoulos
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos V Varotsos
- Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology of the Lazio Region Health Service (ASL ROMA 1), Rome, Italy
| | - Kristin Aunan
- CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Environmental Research Group, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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3
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Ozdemir C, Kucuksezer UC, Ogulur I, Pat Y, Yazici D, Agache I, Jutel M, Nadeau KC, Akdis M, Akdis CA. How does global warming contribute to disorders originating from an impaired epithelial barrier? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2023; 131:703-712. [PMID: 37619777 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial barrier represents the point of contact between the host and the external environment. It is the first line of defense against external insults in the skin and in the gastrointestinal and upper and lower respiratory tracts. The steep increase in chronic disorders in recent decades, including allergies and autoimmune disorders, has prompted studies to investigate the immune mechanisms of their underlying pathogeneses, all of which point to a thought-provoking shared finding: disrupted epithelial barriers. Climate change with global warming has increased the frequency of unpredictable extreme weather events, such as wildfires, droughts, floods, and aberrant and longer pollination seasons, among many others. These increasingly frequent natural disasters can synergistically damage the epithelial barrier integrity in the presence of environmental pollution. A disrupted epithelial barrier induces proinflammatory activation of epithelial cells and alarmin production, namely, epithelitis. The "opened" epithelial barrier facilitates the entry of the external exposome into and underneath the epithelium, triggering an expulsion response driven by inflammatory cells in the area and chronic inflammation. These changes are associated with microbial dysbiosis with colonizing opportunistic pathogens and decreased commensals. These cellular and molecular events are key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic inflammatory disorders. This review summarizes the impact of global warming on epithelial barrier functions in the context of allergic diseases. Further studies in the impact of climate change on the dysfunction of the epithelial barriers are warranted to improve our understanding of epithelial barrier-related diseases and raise awareness of the environmental insults that pose a threat to our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child Health, Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye; Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Umut Can Kucuksezer
- Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Department of Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wroclaw Medical University, and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland.
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Caldeira D, Dores H, Franco F, Bravo Baptista S, Cabral S, Cachulo MDC, Peixeiro A, Rodrigues R, Santos M, Timóteo AT, Campos L, Vasconcelos J, Nogueira PJ, Gonçalves L. Global warming and heat wave risks for cardiovascular diseases: A position paper from the Portuguese Society of Cardiology. Rev Port Cardiol 2023; 42:1017-1024. [PMID: 36758747 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is a result of the increased emission of greenhouse gases. The consequences of this climate change threaten society, biodiversity, food and resource availability. The consequences include an increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease and cardiovascular mortality. In this position paper, we summarize the data from the main studies that assess the risks of a temperature increase or heat waves in CV events (CV mortality, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and CV hospitalizations), as well as the data concerning air pollution as an enhancer of temperature-related CV risks. The data currently support global warming/heat waves (extreme temperatures) as cardiovascular threats. Achieving neutrality in emissions to prevent global warming is essential and it is likely to have an effect in the global health, including the cardiovascular health. Simultaneously, urgent steps are required to adapt the society and individuals to this new climatic context that is potentially harmful for cardiovascular health. Multidisciplinary teams should plan and intervene healthcare related to temperature changes and heat waves and advocate for a change in environmental health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Caldeira
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria - CHULN, Portugal; Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL@RISE), CEMBE, CAML, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Hélder Dores
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fátima Franco
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Unidade Tratamento IC Avançada (UTICA), Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Bravo Baptista
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, EPE, Cardiology Department, Amadora, Portugal; Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL@RISE), CAML, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia Cabral
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Cachulo
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, ICBR - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Peixeiro
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Serviço de Cardiologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário da Cova da Beira (CHUCB), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rui Rodrigues
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Santos
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal; UMIB - Unidade Multidisciplinar de Investigação Biomédica, ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Teresa Timóteo
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; NOVA Medical School, Lisbon, Portugal; Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Santa Marta, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital CUF Tejo, Portuguese Council for Health and Environment, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Vasconcelos
- Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território (Centro de Estudos Geográficos), Portugal; Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Portugal
| | - Paulo Jorge Nogueira
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Lisbon, Portugal; Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; CIDNUR - Centro de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento em Enfermagem de Lisboa, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lino Gonçalves
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, Lisboa, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, ICBR - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Abed Al Ahad M. The association of long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution with all-cause GP visits and hospital admissions by ethnicity and country of birth in the United Kingdom. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0275414. [PMID: 37819897 PMCID: PMC10566689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is associated with poor health. Yet, more research is needed to reveal the association of long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution with less studied health outcomes like hospital admissions and general-practitioner (GP) visits and whether this association is stronger for ethnic minorities compared to the rest of population. This study investigates the association between air pollution and all-cause GP visits and hospital admissions by ethnicity in the United-Kingdom (UK). METHODS We used individual-level longitudinal data from the "UK Household Longitudinal Study" including 46,442 adult individuals who provided 140,466 responses across five years (2015-2019). This data was linked to yearly concentrations of NO2, SO2, and particulate-matter (PM10, PM2.5) outdoor pollution using the Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence for each individual. Multilevel mixed-effects ordered logistic models were used to assess the association between air pollution and all-cause GP visits and hospital admissions. RESULTS We found higher odds of hospital admissions per 1 μg/m3 increase in annual concentrations of NO2 (OR = 1.008; 95%CI = 1.004-1.012), SO2 (OR = 1.048; 95%CI = 1.014-1.083), PM10 (OR = 1.011; 95%CI = 1.003-1.018), and PM2.5 (OR = 1.018; 95%CI = 1.007-1.029) pollutants. Higher odds of GP visits were also observed with increased exposure to NO2 (OR = 1.010; 95%CI = 1.006-1.014) and SO2 (OR = 1.114; 95%CI = 1.077-1.152) pollutants. The observed associations did not differ across ethnic groups, but by country of birth, they were more pronounced in individuals born outside UK than those born in UK. CONCLUSION This study supports an association between higher exposure to outdoor air pollution and increased all-cause hospital admissions and GP visits. Further longitudinal studies with longer follow-up time periods may be able to reveal more definite conclusions on the influence of ethnicity on the association between long-term outdoor air pollution and both hospital admissions and GP visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Abed Al Ahad
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Yu D, Lee SB, Chen S, Kim SW, Xi S. Coupling the effects of extreme temperature and air pollution on non-accidental mortality in Rencheng, China. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1241385. [PMID: 37601203 PMCID: PMC10435991 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Extreme temperatures and air pollution have raised widespread concerns about their impact on population health. Aim To explore the quantitative exposure risks of high/low temperatures and types of air pollutants on the health of various populations in urban areas in China, this study assessed the effects of temperature and air pollutants on daily non-accidental deaths in Rencheng District, Jining City, China from 2019 to 2021. Methods A combination of Poisson regression models and distributed lag non-linear models was used to examine the relationships between temperature, air pollutants, and daily non-accidental deaths. We found that temperature and air pollutants had a significant non-linear effect on non-accidental mortality. Both high and low temperatures had a noticeable impact on non-accidental deaths, with heat effects occurring immediately and lasting 2-3 days, while cold effects lasted for 6-12 days. The relative risks of non-accidental deaths from PM2.5, NO2, and SO2 were highest in winter and lowest in autumn. The relative risk of non-accidental deaths from O3 was highest in spring, with no significant variations in other seasons. Older adults (≥75) and outdoor workers were at the greatest risk from temperature and air pollutant exposure. Conclusions/interpretation Exposure to extreme temperatures and air pollutants in the Rencheng District was associated with an increased mortality rate. Under the influence of climate change, it is necessary for policymakers to take measures to reduce the risk of non-accidental deaths among residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daozheng Yu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Soo-Beom Lee
- Department of Transportation Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Chen
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Seong Wook Kim
- Department of Mathematical Data Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shuaishuai Xi
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Rengcheng, Jining, China
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Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Melén E, Forastiere F, Gehring U, Katsouyanni K, Yorgancioglu A, Ulrik CS, Hansen K, Powell P, Ward B, Hoffmann B, Andersen ZJ. Climate change and respiratory health: a European Respiratory Society position statement. Eur Respir J 2023; 62:2201960. [PMID: 37661094 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01960-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesco Forastiere
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
- Science Policy and Epidemiology Environmental Research Group King's College London, London UK
| | - Ulrike Gehring
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Arzu Yorgancioglu
- Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty Department of Pulmonology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hansen
- European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK
- Kristiania University College, Technology, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Brian Ward
- European Respiratory Society, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Andersen ZJ, Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Hoffmann B, Melén E. Climate change and respiratory disease: clinical guidance for healthcare professionals. Breathe (Sheff) 2023; 19:220222. [PMID: 37492343 PMCID: PMC10365076 DOI: 10.1183/20734735.0222-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of the major public health emergencies with already unprecedented impacts on our planet, environment and health. Climate change has already resulted in substantial increases in temperatures globally and more frequent and extreme weather in terms of heatwaves, droughts, dust storms, wildfires, rainstorms and flooding, with prolonged and altered allergen and microbial exposure as well as the introduction of new allergens to certain areas. All these exposures may have a major burden on patients with respiratory conditions, which will pose increasing challenges for respiratory clinicians and other healthcare providers. In addition, complex interactions between these different factors, along with other major environmental risk factors (e.g. air pollution), will exacerbate adverse health effects on the lung. For example, an increase in heat and sunlight in urban areas will lead to increases in ozone exposure among urban populations; effects of very high exposure to smoke and pollution from wildfires will be exacerbated by the accompanying heat and drought; and extreme precipitation events and flooding will increase exposure to humidity and mould indoors. This review aims to bring respiratory healthcare providers up to date with the newest research on the impacts of climate change on respiratory health. Respiratory clinicians and other healthcare providers need to be continually educated about the challenges of this emerging and growing public health problem and be equipped to be the key players in solutions to mitigate the impacts of climate change on patients with respiratory conditions. Educational aims To define climate change and describe major related environmental factors that pose a threat to patients with respiratory conditions.To provide an overview of the epidemiological evidence on climate change and respiratory diseases.To explain how climate change interacts with air pollution and other related environmental hazards to pose additional challenges for patients.To outline recommendations to protect the health of patients with respiratory conditions from climate-related environmental hazards in clinical practice.To outline recommendations to clinicians and patients with respiratory conditions on how to contribute to mitigating climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Section of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Erik Melén
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shen J, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang W, Qin P, Yang L. Temperature modifies the effects of air pollutants on respiratory diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:61778-61788. [PMID: 36933135 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing studies have reported temperature modification effects on air pollutants-induced respiratory diseases. In the current study, daily data of respiratory emergency room visits (ERVs), meteorological factors, and concentrations of air pollutants were collected from 2013 to 2016 in Lanzhou, a northwest city in China. Daily average temperature was stratified into low (≤ 25 percentile, P25), medium (25-75 percentile, P25-P75) and high (≥ 75 percentile, P75) to explore how temperature modifies the effects of air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and NO2) on respiratory ERVs by using generalized additive Poisson regression model (GAM). Seasonal modification was also investigated. Results showed that (a) PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 had the strongest effects on respiratory ERVs in low temperature; (b) males and 15-and-younger were more vulnerable in low temperature while females and those older than 46 years were highly affected in high temperature; (c) PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 were mostly associated with the total and both males and females in winter, while SO2 resulted in the highest risk for the total and males in autumn and females in spring. In conclusion, this study found significant temperature modification effects and seasonal differences on the risks of respiratory ERVs due to air pollutants in Lanzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Shen
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuxia Ma
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Dingxi, Dingxi, 743000, China.
| | - Wanci Wang
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengpeng Qin
- College of Atmospheric Sciences, Key Laboratory of Semi-Arid Climate Change, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lijie Yang
- Qingyang Meteorological Bureau, Qingyang, 745000, China
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Villeneuve PJ, Huynh D, Lavigne É, Colman I, Anisman H, Peters C, Rodríguez-Villamizar LA. Daily changes in ambient air pollution concentrations and temperature and suicide mortality in Canada: Findings from a national time-stratified case-crossover study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115477. [PMID: 36781013 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Worldwide, approximately 1900 people die by suicide daily. Daily elevations in air pollution and temperature have previously been linked to a higher risk of death from suicide. To date, there have been relatively few studies of air pollution and suicide, particularly at a national level. National analyses play an important role in shaping health policy to mitigate against adverse health outcomes. METHODS We used a time-stratified case-crossover study design to investigate the influence of short-term (i.e., day to day) interquartile range (IQR) increases in air pollutants (nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], and fine particulate matter [PM2.5]) and temperature on suicide mortality in Canada between 2002 and 2015. For air pollution models, odds ratios (ORs) derived from conditional logistic regression models were adjusted for average daily temperature, and holidays. For temperature models, ORs were adjusted for holidays. Stratified analyses were undertaken by suicide type (non-violent and violent), sex, age, and season. RESULTS Analyses are based on 50,800 suicide deaths. Overall, temperature effects were stronger than those for air pollution. A same day IQR increase in temperature (9.6 °C) was associated with a 10.1% increase (95% confidence interval (CI): 9.0%-11.2%) of death from suicide. For 3-day average increase of O3 (IQR = 14.1 ppb), PM2.5 (IQR = 5.6 μg/m3) and NO2 (IQR = 9.7 ppb) the corresponding risks were 4.7% (95% CI: 3.9, 5.6), 3.4% (95% CI: 3.0, 3.8), and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.1, 2.8), respectively. All pollutants showed stronger associations with suicide during the warmer season (April-September). Stratified analyses revealed stronger associations for both temperature and air pollution in women. CONCLUSIONS Daily increases in air pollution and temperature were found to increase the risk of death from suicide. Females, particularly during warmer season, were most vulnerable to these exposures. Policy decisions related to air pollution and climate change should consider effects on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David Huynh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Éric Lavigne
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Colman
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hymie Anisman
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cheryl Peters
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, Canada; BC Cancer, Vancouver, Canada; School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Laura A Rodríguez-Villamizar
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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11
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Rai M, Stafoggia M, de'Donato F, Scortichini M, Zafeiratou S, Vazquez Fernandez L, Zhang S, Katsouyanni K, Samoli E, Rao S, Lavigne E, Guo Y, Kan H, Osorio S, Kyselý J, Urban A, Orru H, Maasikmets M, Jaakkola JJK, Ryti N, Pascal M, Hashizume M, Fook Sheng Ng C, Alahmad B, Hurtado Diaz M, De la Cruz Valencia C, Nunes B, Madureira J, Scovronick N, Garland RM, Kim H, Lee W, Tobias A, Íñiguez C, Forsberg B, Åström C, Maria Vicedo-Cabrera A, Ragettli MS, Leon Guo YL, Pan SC, Li S, Gasparrini A, Sera F, Masselot P, Schwartz J, Zanobetti A, Bell ML, Schneider A, Breitner S. Heat-related cardiorespiratory mortality: Effect modification by air pollution across 482 cities from 24 countries. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 174:107825. [PMID: 36934570 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the potential interactive effects of heat and ambient air pollution on cause-specific mortality is inconclusive and limited to selected locations. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of heat on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and its modification by air pollution during summer months (six consecutive hottest months) in 482 locations across 24 countries. METHODS Location-specific daily death counts and exposure data (e.g., particulate matter with diameters ≤ 2.5 µm [PM2.5]) were obtained from 2000 to 2018. We used location-specific confounder-adjusted Quasi-Poisson regression with a tensor product between air temperature and the air pollutant. We extracted heat effects at low, medium, and high levels of pollutants, defined as the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile of the location-specific pollutant concentrations. Country-specific and overall estimates were derived using a random-effects multilevel meta-analytical model. RESULTS Heat was associated with increased cardiorespiratory mortality. Moreover, the heat effects were modified by elevated levels of all air pollutants in most locations, with stronger effects for respiratory than cardiovascular mortality. For example, the percent increase in respiratory mortality per increase in the 2-day average summer temperature from the 75th to the 99th percentile was 7.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 7.6-7.7), 11.3% (95%CI 11.2-11.3), and 14.3% (95% CI 14.1-14.5) at low, medium, and high levels of PM2.5, respectively. Similarly, cardiovascular mortality increased by 1.6 (95%CI 1.5-1.6), 5.1 (95%CI 5.1-5.2), and 8.7 (95%CI 8.7-8.8) at low, medium, and high levels of O3, respectively. DISCUSSION We observed considerable modification of the heat effects on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality by elevated levels of air pollutants. Therefore, mitigation measures following the new WHO Air Quality Guidelines are crucial to enhance better health and promote sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masna Rai
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Munich, - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology - IBE, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca de'Donato
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scortichini
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Zafeiratou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Munich, - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klea Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Shilpa Rao
- Department of Air Pollution and Noise, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eric Lavigne
- School of Epidemiology & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada and Environmental Health Science & Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Haidong Kan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Samuel Osorio
- Department of Environmental Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Orru
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niilo Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mathilde Pascal
- Santé Publique France, Department of Environmental Health, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chris Fook Sheng Ng
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magali Hurtado Diaz
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - César De la Cruz Valencia
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Madureira
- Department of Environmental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Noah Scovronick
- Department of Environmental Health. Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Rebecca M Garland
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ho Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Whanhee Lee
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan, South Korea
| | - Aurelio Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Íñiguez
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research. Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Christofer Åström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | | | - Yue-Liang Leon Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chun Pan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Antonio Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications "G. Parenti", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierre Masselot
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven CT, USA
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Munich, - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Munich, - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology - IBE, Pettenkofer School of Public Health, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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12
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Psistaki K, Achilleos S, Middleton N, Paschalidou AK. Exploring the impact of particulate matter on mortality in coastal Mediterranean environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161147. [PMID: 36587685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is one of the most important problems the world is facing nowadays, adversely affecting public health and causing millions of deaths every year. Particulate matter is a criteria pollutant that has been linked to increased morbidity, as well as all-cause and cause-specific mortality. However, this association remains under-investigated in smaller-size cities in the Eastern Mediterranean, which are also frequently affected by heat waves and dust storms. This study explores the impact of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular, respiratory) in two coastal cities in the Eastern Mediterranean; Thessaloniki, Greece and Limassol, Cyprus. Generalized additive Poisson models were used to explore overall and gender-specific associations, controlling for long- and short-term patterns, day of week and the effect of weather variables. Moreover, the effect of different lags, season, co-pollutants and dust storms on primary associations was investigated. A 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 resulted in 1.10 % (95 % CI: -0.13, 2.34) increase in cardiovascular mortality in Thessaloniki, and in 3.07 % (95 % CI: -0.90, 7.20) increase in all-cause mortality in Limassol on the same day. Additionally, significant positive associations were observed between PM2.5 as well as PM10 and mortality at different lags up to seven days. Interestingly, an association with dust storms was observed only in Thessaloniki, having a protective effect, while the gender-specific analysis revealed significant associations only for the males in both cities. The outcome of this study highlights the need of city- or county-specific public health interventions to address the impact of climate, population lifestyle behaviour and other socioeconomic factors that affect the exposure to air pollution and other synergistic effects that alter the effect of PM on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Psistaki
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada 68200, Greece
| | - S Achilleos
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - N Middleton
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - A K Paschalidou
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada 68200, Greece.
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13
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Li H, Ma H, Li J, Li X, Huang K, Cao J, Li J, Yan W, Chen X, Zhou X, Cui C, Yu X, Liu F, Huang J. Hourly personal temperature exposure and heart rate variability: A multi-center panel study in populations at intermediate to high-risk of cardiovascular disease. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160983. [PMID: 36535481 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies reported temperature exposure was associated with altered cardiac automatic function, while this effect of temperature on hourly heart rate variability (HRV) among populations with cardiovascular risks was seldom addressed. METHODS We conducted this panel study in four Chinese cities with three repeated visits among 296 participants at intermediate to high-risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Real-time temperature level and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram were monitored during each seasonal visit. Linear mixed-effects models were used to investigate associations between individual temperature and HRV parameters, and the seasonal effects and circadian effect were also evaluated. RESULTS We found the overall downward trend of hourly HRV associated with acute exposure to higher temperature. For each 1 °C increment in temperature of 1-3 h prior to HRV measurements (lag 1-3 h), hourly standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) decreased by 0.38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22, 0.54), 0.28% (95% CI: 0.12, 0.44), and 0.20% (95% CI: 0.04, 0.36), respectively. Similar inverse associations between temperature and HRV were observed in stratified analyses by temperature level. Inverse associations for cold and warm seasons were also observed, despite some effects gradually decreased and reversed in the warm season as lag times extended. Moreover, HRV showed a more significant reduction with increased temperature during daytime than nighttime. Percent change of hourly SDNN was -0.41% (95% CI: -0.62, -0.21) with 1 °C increment of lag 1 h during daytime, while few obvious changes were revealed during nighttime. CONCLUSIONS Generally, increasing temperature was significantly associated with reduced HRV. Inverse relationships for cold and warm seasons were also observed. Associations during daytime were much more prominent than nighttime. Our findings clarified the relationship of temperature with HRV and provided evidence for prevention approaches to alleviate cardiac automatic dysfunction among populations at intermediate to high-risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Han Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jinyue Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiahua Li
- Function Test Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Jianxin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Weili Yan
- Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiaotian Chen
- Clinical Epidemiology & Clinical Trial Unit, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chun Cui
- Primary Health Professional Committee, Shaanxi Province Health Care Association, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xianglai Yu
- Beilin District Dongguannanjie Community Health Service Center, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100037, China.
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14
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Zhao Y, An X, Sun Z, Li Y, Hou Q. Identification of Health Effects of Complex Air Pollution in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12652. [PMID: 36231950 PMCID: PMC9566804 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
After the Chinese government introduced a series of policies to strengthen the control of air pollution, the concentration of particulate matter has decreased, but the concentration of ozone has increased, and the problem of complex air pollution still exists, posing a serious threat to public health. Therefore, disentangling the health effect of multi-pollutants has been a long-discussed challenge in China. To evaluate the adverse effects of complex air pollution, a generalized additive model was used to assess the health risks of different pollution types in eight metropolises in different climates in China from 2013 to 2016. Instead of directly introducing multiple pollutant concentrations, we integrated the concentration levels of PM2.5, NO2, and O3 into a set of predictors by grouping methods and divided air pollution into three high single-pollutant types and four high multi-pollutant types to calculate mortality risk in different types. The comprehensive results showed that the impact of high multi-pollutant types on mortality risk was greater than that of high single-pollutant types. Throughout the study period, the high multi-pollutant type with high PM2.5, NO2, and O3 and the high multi-pollutant type with high PM2.5 and NO2 were more associated with death, and the highest RRs were 1.129 (1.080, 1.181) and 1.089 (1.066, 1.113), respectively. In addition, the pollution types that most threaten people are different in different cities. These differences may be related to different pollution conditions, pollutant composition, and indoor-outdoor activity patterns in different cities. Seasonally, the risk of complex air pollution is greater in most cities in the warm season than in the cold season. This may be caused by the modifying effects of high temperature on pollutants in addition to different indoor-outdoor activity patterns in different seasons. The results also show that calculating the effect of individual air pollutants separately and adding them together may lead to an overestimation of the combined effect. It further highlights the urgency and need for air pollution health research to move towards a multi-pollutant approach that considers air pollution as a whole in the context of atmospheric abatement and global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xingqin An
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhaobin Sun
- Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Braun RA, Hondula DM, Fraser MP. Impact of environmental factors on heat-associated mortalities in an urban desert region. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:2133-2146. [PMID: 36088401 PMCID: PMC9463968 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02346-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The troubling trend of rising heat-associated mortalities in an urban desert region (Maricopa County, AZ, USA) has motivated us to explore the extent to which environmental factors may contribute to increased heat-health risks. Summertime data from 2010 to 2019 were used to construct a suite of models for daily heat-associated mortalities. The best-performing full model included the following predictors, ordered from strongest to weakest influence: daily average air temperature, average of previous 5 days daily average air temperature, year, day of year, average of previous 5 days daily average dew point temperature, average of previous 5 days daily average PM2.5, and daily average PM10. This full model exhibited a 5.39% reduction in mean absolute error in daily heat-associated mortalities as compared to the best-performing model that included only air temperature as an environmental predictor. The extent to which issued and modeled excessive heat warnings (from both the temperature only and full models) corresponded with heat-associated mortalities was also examined. Model hindcasts for 2020 and 2021 showed that the models were able to capture the high number of heat-associated mortalities in 2020, but greatly undercounted the highest yet observed number of heat-associated mortalities in 2021. Results from this study lend insights into environmental factors corresponding to an increased number of heat-associated mortalities and can be used for informing strategies towards reducing heat-health risks. However, as the best-performing model was unable to fully capture the observed number of heat-associated mortalities, continued scrutiny of both environmental and non-environmental factors affecting these observations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Braun
- Healthy Urban Environments Initiative, Global Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
| | - David M Hondula
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Matthew P Fraser
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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16
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Chen PC, Mou CH, Chen CW, Hsieh DPH, Tsai SP, Wei CC, Sung FC. Roles of Ambient Temperature and PM 2.5 on Childhood Acute Bronchitis and Bronchiolitis from Viral Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14091932. [PMID: 36146739 PMCID: PMC9503275 DOI: 10.3390/v14091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have associated the human respiratory syncytial virus which causes seasonal childhood acute bronchitis and bronchiolitis (CABs) with climate change and air pollution. We investigated this association using the insurance claims data of 3,965,560 children aged ≤ 12 years from Taiwan from 2006−2016. The monthly average incident CABs increased with increasing PM2.5 levels and exhibited an inverse association with temperature. The incidence was 1.6-fold greater in January than in July (13.7/100 versus 8.81/100), declined during winter breaks (February) and summer breaks (June−August). The highest incidence was 698 cases/day at <20 °C with PM2.5 > 37.0 μg/m3, with an adjusted relative risk (aRR) of 1.01 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.97−1.04) compared to 568 cases/day at <20 °C with PM2.5 < 15.0 μg/m3 (reference). The incidence at ≥30 °C decreased to 536 cases/day (aRR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.85−1.06) with PM2.5 > 37.0 μg/m3 and decreased further to 392 cases/day (aRR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.58−0.65) when PM2.5 was <15.0 μg/m3. In conclusion, CABs infections in children were associated with lowered ambient temperatures and elevated PM2.5 concentrations, and the high PM2.5 levels coincided with low temperature levels. The role of temperature should be considered in the studies of association between PM2.5 and CABs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Chen
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Mou
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chao W. Chen
- University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Dennis P. H. Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shan P. Tsai
- School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chang-Ching Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, China Medical University College of Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University College of Public Health, Taichung 406, Taiwan
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2296-7979 (ext. 6220); Fax: +886-4-2299-0245
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Tian Y, Xiang M, Peng J, Duan Y, Wen Y, Huang S, Li L, Yu S, Cheng J, Zhang X, Wang P. Modification effects of seasonal and temperature variation on the association between exposure to nitrogen dioxide and ischemic stroke onset in Shenzhen, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2022; 66:1747-1758. [PMID: 35750990 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-022-02315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The independent associations of extreme temperature and ambient air pollutant with the admission to hospital and mortality of ischemic stroke have been widely investigated. However, knowledge about the modification effects of variation in season and temperature on the association between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ischemic stroke onset is still limited. This study purposed to explore the effect of NO2 on daily ischemic stroke onset modified by season and ambient temperature, and identify the potential population that susceptible to ischemic stroke onset connected with NO2 and ambient temperature. Data on daily ischemic stroke counts, weather conditions, and ambient air pollutant concentrations in Shenzhen were collected between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. The seasonal effect on the NO2-associated onset was measured by a distributed-lag linear model. Furthermore, a generalized additive model that incorporated with stratification analyses was used to calculate the interactive effects between NO2 and ambient temperature. During the winter, the average percentage increase in daily ischemic stroke onset for each 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2 concentration on lagged 2 days was 3.05% (95% CI: 1.31-4.82%), while there was no statistically significant effect of NO2 during summer. And the low-temperature days ([Formula: see text] mean temperature), with a 2.23% increase in incidence (95% CI: 1.18-3.29%) for the same concentration increase in NO2, were significant higher than high temperature days ([Formula: see text] mean temperature). The modification effects of temperature on the study association were more pronounced in individuals aged 65 years or more and in males. The adverse health effects of NO2 on ischemic stroke are more pronounced during winter or low temperature periods. Elderly adults or males presented higher risks with these exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital (Wuhan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ji Peng
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, 2021 Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanran Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Suli Huang
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Rd, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, 40 Daqing Rd, Jingzhou, 434000, Hubei, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Koo GPY, Zheng H, Pek PP, Hughes F, Lim SL, Yeo JW, Ong MEH, Ho AFW. Clustering of Environmental Parameters and the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148476. [PMID: 35886328 PMCID: PMC9318360 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The association between days with similar environmental parameters and cardiovascular events is unknown. We investigate the association between clusters of environmental parameters and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) risk in Singapore. Using k-means clustering and conditional Poisson models, we grouped calendar days from 2010 to 2015 based on rainfall, temperature, wind speed and the Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) and compared the incidence rate ratios (IRR) of AMI across the clusters using a time-stratified case-crossover design. Three distinct clusters were formed with Cluster 1 having high wind speed, Cluster 2 high rainfall, and Cluster 3 high temperature and PSI. Compared to Cluster 1, Cluster 3 had a higher AMI incidence with IRR 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.01–1.07), but no significant difference was found between Cluster 1 and Cluster 2. Subgroup analyses showed that increased AMI incidence was significant only among those with age ≥65, male, non-smokers, non-ST elevation AMI (NSTEMI), history of hyperlipidemia and no history of ischemic heart disease, diabetes or hypertension. In conclusion, we found that AMI incidence, especially NSTEMI, is likely to be higher on days with high temperature and PSI. These findings have public health implications for AMI prevention and emergency health services delivery during the seasonal Southeast Asian transboundary haze.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huili Zheng
- National Registry of Diseases Office, Health Promotion Board, Singapore 168937, Singapore;
| | - Pin Pin Pek
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.P.P.); (M.E.H.O.)
| | - Fintan Hughes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Hospital, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Shir Lynn Lim
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Department of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Jun Wei Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Marcus E. H. Ong
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (P.P.P.); (M.E.H.O.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Andrew F. W. Ho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Pre-Hospital and Emergency Research Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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19
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Tateo F, Fiorino S, Peruzzo L, Zippi M, De Biase D, Lari F, Melucci D. Effects of environmental parameters and their interactions on the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in North Italy under different social restrictions. A new approach based on multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112921. [PMID: 35150709 PMCID: PMC8828377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 North Italy suffered the SARS-CoV-2-related pandemic with a high number of deaths and hospitalization. The effect of atmospheric parameters on the amount of hospital admissions (temperature, solar radiation, particulate matter, relative humidity and wind speed) is studied through about 8 months (May-December). Two periods are considered depending on different conditions: a) low incidence of COVID-19 and very few regulations concerning personal mobility and protection ("free/summer period"); b) increasing incidence of disease, social restrictions and use of personal protections ("confined/autumn period"). The "hospitalized people in medical area wards/100000 residents" was used as a reliable measure of COVID-19 spreading and load on the sanitary system. We developed a chemometric approach (multiple linear regression analysis) using the daily incidence of hospitalizations as a function of the single independent variables and of their products (interactions). Eight administrative domains were considered (altogether 26 million inhabitants) to account for relatively homogeneous territorial and social conditions. The obtained models very significantly match the daily variation of hospitalizations, during the two periods. Under the confined/autumn period, the effect of non-pharmacologic measures (social distances, personal protection, etc.) possibly attenuates the virus diffusion despite environmental factors. On the contrary, in the free/summer conditions the effects of atmospheric parameters are very significant through all the areas. Particulate matter matches the growth of hospitalizations in areas with low chronic particulate pollution. Fewer hospitalizations strongly correspond to higher temperature and solar radiation. Relative humidity plays the same role, but with a lesser extent. The interaction between solar radiation and high temperature is also highly significant and represents surprising evidence. The solar radiation alone and combined with high temperature exert an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect, via both the direct inactivation of virions and the stimulation of vitamin D synthesis, improving immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Tateo
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Gradenigo, 6, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Azienda USL, Via Benni, 44, 40054, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Peruzzo
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Gradenigo, 6, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Via dei Monti Tiburtini 385, 00157, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Lari
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Azienda USL, Via Benni, 44, 40054, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dora Melucci
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Aboubakri O, Ballester J, Shoraka HR, Karamoozian A, Golchini E. Ambient temperature and Covid-19 transmission: An evidence from a region of Iran based on weather station and satellite data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112887. [PMID: 35134377 PMCID: PMC8817761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic is primarily transmitted by direct contact between infected and uninfected people, though, there are still many unknown factors influencing the survival and transmission of the virus. Air temperature is one of the main susceptible factors. This study aimed to explore the impact of air and land surface temperatures on Covid-19 transmission in a region of Iran. METHOD Daily Land Surface Temperature (LST) measured by satellite and Air Temperature measured by weather station were used as the predictors of Covid-19 transmission. The data were obtained from February 2020 to April 2021. Spatio-temporal kriging was used in order to predict LST in some days in which no image was recorded by the satellite. The validity of the predicted values was assessed by Bland-Altman technique. The impact of the predictors was analyzed by Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM). In addition to main effect of temperature, its linear as well as non-linear interaction effect with relative humidity were considered using Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and a bivariate response surface model. Sensitivity analyses were done to select models' parameters, autocorrelation model and function of associations. RESULTS The dose-response curve revealed that the impact of both predictors was not obvious, though, the risk of transmission tended to be positive due to low values of temperatures. Although the linear interaction effect was not statistically significant, but joint patterns showed that the impact of both LST and AT tended to be different when humidity values were changed. CONCLUSION However the findings suggested that both LST and AT were not statistically important predictors, but they tended to predict the Covid-19 transmission in some lags. Because of local based evidence, the wide confidence intervals and then non-significant values should be cautiously interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Aboubakri
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Joan Ballester
- Climate and Health Program (CLIMA), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hamid Reza Shoraka
- Department of Public Health, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Science, Esfarayen, Iran; Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, North Khorasan, Iran
| | - Ali Karamoozian
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ehsan Golchini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
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21
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Beaupied BL, Martinez H, Martenies S, McConnel CS, Pollack IB, Giardina D, Fischer EV, Jathar S, Duncan CG, Magzamen S. Cows as canaries: The effects of ambient air pollution exposure on milk production and somatic cell count in dairy cows. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112197. [PMID: 34699758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution, including criteria pollutants such as fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), has been associated with morbidity and mortality in mammals. As a genetically homogenous population that is closely monitored for health, dairy cattle present a unique opportunity to assess the association between changes in air pollution and mammalian health. Milk yield decreases in the summer if temperature and humidity, measured by the Temperature Humidity Index (THI). As O3 levels increase with warmer temperatures, and summer PM2.5 may increase with wildfire smoke, dairy cows may serve as a useful sentinel species to evaluate subacute markers of inflammation and metabolic output and ambient pollution. Over two years, we assessed summertime O3 and PM2.5 concentrations from local US EPA air quality monitors into an auto-regressive mixed model of the association between THI and daily milk production data and bulk tank somatic cell count (SCC). In unadjusted models, a 10 unit increase THI was associated with 28,700 cells/mL (95% CI: 17,700, 39,690) increase in SCC. After controlling for ambient air pollutants, THI was associated with a 14,500 SCC increase (95% CI: 3,400, 25,680), a 48% decrease in effect compared to the crude model. Further, in fully adjusted models, PM2.5 was associated with a 105,500 cells/mL (95% CI: 90,030, 121,050) increase in SCC. Similar results were found for milk production. Results were amplified when high PM2.5 days (95th percentile of observed values) associated with wildfire smoke were removed from the analyses. Our results support the hypothesis that PM2.5 confounds the relationships between THI and milk yield and somatic cell count. The results of this study can be used to inform strategies for intervention to mitigate these impacts at the dairy level and potentially contribute to a model where production animals can act as air quality sentinels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonni L Beaupied
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Heather Martinez
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheena Martenies
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Craig S McConnel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ilana B Pollack
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Dylan Giardina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Emily V Fischer
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Shantanu Jathar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Colleen G Duncan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
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22
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Lim NO, Hwang J, Lee SJ, Yoo Y, Choi Y, Jeon S. Spatialization and Prediction of Seasonal NO 2 Pollution Due to Climate Change in the Korean Capital Area through Land Use Regression Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095111. [PMID: 35564506 PMCID: PMC9104140 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urbanization is causing an increase in air pollution leading to serious health issues. However, even though the necessity of its regulation is acknowledged, there are relatively few monitoring sites in the capital metropolitan city of the Republic of Korea. Furthermore, a significant relationship between air pollution and climate variables is expected, thus the prediction of air pollution under climate change should be carefully attended. This study aims to predict and spatialize present and future NO2 distribution by using existing monitoring sites to overcome deficiency in monitoring. Prediction was conducted through seasonal Land use regression modeling using variables correlated with NO2 concentration. Variables were selected through two correlation analyses and future pollution was predicted under HadGEM-AO RCP scenarios 4.5 and 8.5. Our results showed a relatively high NO2 concentration in winter in both present and future predictions, resulting from elevated use of fossil fuels in boilers, and also showed increments of NO2 pollution due to climate change. The results of this study could strengthen existing air pollution management strategies and mitigation measures for planning concerning future climate change, supporting proper management and control of air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- No Ol Lim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (N.O.L.); (J.H.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinhoo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (N.O.L.); (J.H.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Sung-Joo Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (N.O.L.); (J.H.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Environmental Assessment Group, Korea Environment Institute, Sejong 30147, Korea
| | - Youngjae Yoo
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (N.O.L.); (J.H.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuyoung Choi
- Ojeong Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Seongwoo Jeon
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (N.O.L.); (J.H.); (S.-J.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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23
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Remigio RV, He H, Raimann JG, Kotanko P, Maddux FW, Sapkota AR, Liang XZ, Puett R, He X, Sapkota A. Combined effects of air pollution and extreme heat events among ESKD patients within the Northeastern United States. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152481. [PMID: 34921874 PMCID: PMC8962569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing number of studies have linked air pollution exposure with renal function decline and disease. However, there is a lack of data on its impact among end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients and its potential modifying effect from extreme heat events (EHE). METHODS Fresenius Kidney Care records from 28 selected northeastern US counties were used to pool daily all-cause mortality (ACM) and all-cause hospital admissions (ACHA) counts. County-level daily ambient PM2.5 and ozone (O3) were estimated using a high-resolution spatiotemporal coupled climate-air quality model and matched to ESKD patients based on ZIP codes of treatment sites. We used time-stratified case-crossover analyses to characterize acute exposures using individual and cumulative lag exposures for up to 3 days (Lag 0-3) by using a distributed lag nonlinear model framework. We used a nested model comparison hypothesis test to evaluate for interaction effects between air pollutants and EHE and stratification analyses to estimate effect measures modified by EHE days. RESULTS From 2001 to 2016, the sample population consisted of 43,338 ESKD patients. We recorded 5217 deaths and 78,433 hospital admissions. A 10-unit increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with a 5% increase in ACM (rate ratio [RRLag0-3]: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00-1.10) and same-day O3 (RRLag0: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03) after adjusting for extreme heat exposures. Mortality models suggest evidence of interaction and effect measure modification, though not always simultaneously. ACM risk increased up to 8% when daily ozone concentrations exceeded National Ambient Air Quality Standards established by the United States, but the increases in risk were considerably higher during EHE days across lag periods. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest interdependent effects of EHE and air pollution among ESKD patients for all-cause mortality risks. National level assessments are needed to consider the ESKD population as a sensitive population and inform treatment protocols during extreme heat and degraded pollution episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard V Remigio
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hao He
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Peter Kotanko
- Research Division, Renal Research Institute, New York, NY, USA; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amy Rebecca Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xin-Zhong Liang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Robin Puett
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amir Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
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24
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Areal AT, Zhao Q, Wigmann C, Schneider A, Schikowski T. The effect of air pollution when modified by temperature on respiratory health outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152336. [PMID: 34914983 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, and are exacerbated by air pollution and temperature. AIM To assess published literature on the effect of air pollution modified by temperature on respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. METHODS We identified 26,656 papers in PubMed and Web of Science, up to March 2021, and selected for analysis; inclusion criteria included observational studies, short-term air pollution, and temperature exposure. Air pollutants considered were particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 μg/m3, and 10 μg/m3 (PM2.5, and PM10), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). A random-effects model was used for our meta-analysis. RESULTS For respiratory mortality we found that when the effect PM10 is modified by high temperatures there is an increased pooled Odds Ratio [OR, 95% Confidence Interval (CI)] of 1.021 (1.008 to 1.034) and for the effect of O3 the pooled OR is 1.006 (1.001-1.012) during the warm season. For hospital admissions, the effects of PM10 and O3 respectively, during the warm season found an increased pooled OR of 1.011 (0.999-1.024), and 1.015 (0.995-1.036). In our analysis for low temperatures, results were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to air pollution when modified by high temperature is likely to increase the odds of respiratory mortality and hospital admissions. Analysis on the interaction effect of air pollution and temperature on health outcomes is a relatively new research field and results are largely inconsistent; therefore, further research is encouraged to establish a more conclusive conclusion on the strength and direction of this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashtyn Tracey Areal
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Claudia Wigmann
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- Department of Epidemiology, IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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25
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Simmons W, Lin S, Luben TJ, Sheridan SC, Langlois PH, Shaw GM, Reefhuis J, Romitti PA, Feldkamp ML, Nembhard WN, Desrosiers TA, Browne ML, Stingone JA. Modeling complex effects of exposure to particulate matter and extreme heat during pregnancy on congenital heart defects: A U.S. population-based case-control study in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152150. [PMID: 34864029 PMCID: PMC8758551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Research suggests gestational exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) and extreme heat may independently increase risk of birth defects. We investigated whether duration of gestational extreme heat exposure modifies associations between PM2.5 exposure and specific congenital heart defects (CHDs). We also explored nonlinear exposure-outcome relationships. METHODS We identified CHD case children (n = 2824) and non-malformed live-birth control children (n = 4033) from pregnancies ending between 1999 and 2007 in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a U.S. population-based multicenter case-control study. We assigned mothers 6-week averages of PM2.5 exposure during the cardiac critical period (postconceptional weeks 3-8) using the closest monitor within 50 km of maternal residence. We assigned a count of extreme heat days (EHDs, days above the 90th percentile of daily maximum temperature for year, season, and weather station) during this period using the closest weather station. Using generalized additive models, we explored logit-nonlinear exposure-outcome relationships, concluding logistic models were reasonable. We estimated joint effects of PM2.5 and EHDs on six CHDs using logistic regression models adjusted for mean dewpoint and maternal age, education, and race/ethnicity. We assessed multiplicative and additive effect modification. RESULTS Conditional on the highest observed EHD count (15) and at least one critical period day during spring/summer, each 5 μg/m3 increase in average PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDpm; OR: 1.54 [95% CI: 1.01, 2.41]). High EHD counts (8+) in the same population were positively, but non-significantly, associated with both overall septal defects and VSDpm. Null or inverse associations were observed for lower EHD counts. Multiplicative and additive effect modification estimates were consistently positive in all septal models. CONCLUSIONS Results provide limited evidence that duration of extreme heat exposure modifies the PM2.5-septal defects relationship. Future research with enhanced exposure assessment and modeling techniques could clarify these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Simmons
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168(th) Street, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Shao Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA
| | - Thomas J Luben
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, RTP, NC 27711, USA
| | - Scott C Sheridan
- Department of Geography, Kent State University, 325 S. Lincoln Street, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Peter H Langlois
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Science, University of Texas School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe Street, Austin, TX 78701, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Stanford School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jennita Reefhuis
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Paul A Romitti
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, 145 N. Riverside Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marcia L Feldkamp
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham Street, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Tania A Desrosiers
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marilyn L Browne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, 1 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA; Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Corning Tower, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY 12237, USA
| | - Jeanette A Stingone
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, 722 West 168(th) Street, NY, New York 10032, USA.
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Shoraka HR, Aboubakri O, Ballester J, Sharafkhani R. Heat and cold-related morbidity risk in north-east of Iran: a time-stratified case crossover design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:2664-2671. [PMID: 34374019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to estimate morbidity risk/number attributed to air extreme temperatures using time-stratified case crossover study and distributed lag non-linear model in a region of Iran during 2015-2019. A time-stratified case crossover design based on aggregated exposure data was used in this study. In order to have no overlap bias in the estimations, a fixed and disjointed window by using 1-month strata was used in the design. A conditional Poisson regression model allowing for over dispersion (Quasi-Poisson) was applied into Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM). Different approaches were applied to estimate Optimum Temperature (OT). In the model, the interaction effect between temperature and humidity was assessed to see if the impact of heat or cold on Hospital Admissions (HAs) are different between different levels of humidity. The cumulative effect of heat during 21 days was not significant and it was the cold that had significant cumulative adverse effect on all groups. While the number of HAs attributed to any ranges of heat, including medium, high, extreme, and even all values were negligible, but a large number was attributable to cold values; about 10000 HAs were attributable to all values of cold temperature, of which about 9000 were attributed to medium range and about 1000 and less than 500 were attributed to high and extreme values of cold, respectively. This study highlights the need for interventions in cold seasons by policymakers. The results inform researchers as well as policy makers to address both men and women and elderly when any plan or preventive program is developed in the area under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Shoraka
- Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, North Khorasan, Iran
| | - Omid Aboubakri
- Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.
| | - Joan Ballester
- Climate and Health Program (CLIMA), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rahim Sharafkhani
- School of Public Health, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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Yatim ANM, Latif MT, Sofwan NM, Ahamad F, Khan MF, Mahiyuddin WRW, Sahani M. The association between temperature and cause-specific mortality in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60209-60220. [PMID: 34156627 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between daily temperature and mortality in the Klang Valley, Malaysia, over the period 2006-2015. A quasi-Poisson generalized linear model combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the association between the mean temperature and mortality categories (natural n=69,542, cardiovascular n= 15,581, and respiratory disease n=10,119). Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter below 10 μm (PM10) and surface ozone (O3) was adjusted as a potential confounding factor. The relative risk (RR) of natural mortality associated with extreme cold temperature (1st percentile of temperature, 25.2 °C) over lags 0-28 days was 1.26 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.60), compared with the minimum mortality temperature (28.2 °C). The relative risk associated with extremely hot temperature (99th percentile of temperature, 30.2 °C) over lags 0-3 days was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.17). Heat effects were immediate whereas cold effects were delayed and lasted longer. People with respiratory diseases, the elderly, and women were the most vulnerable groups when it came to the effects of extremely high temperatures. Extreme temperatures did not dramatically change the temperature-mortality risk estimates made before and after adjustments for air pollutant (PM10 and O3) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Norazhar Mohd Yatim
- Space Science Centre (ANGKASA), Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurzawani Md Sofwan
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Sarawak Branch, Samarahan Campus, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Ahamad
- AQ Expert Solutions, Jalan Dato Muda Linggi, 70100, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Md Firoz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin
- Climate Change Unit, Environmental Health Research Center, Institute for Medical Research, Level 2, Block C6, National Institute of Health, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mazrura Sahani
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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The Potential Impact of Smog Spell on Humans' Health Amid COVID-19 Rages. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111408. [PMID: 34769924 PMCID: PMC8583367 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and unchecked industrialization and the combustion of fossil fuels have engendered a state of fear in urban settlements. Smog is a visible form of air pollution that arises due to the over-emissions of some primary pollutants like volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrocarbons, SO2, NO, and NO2 which further react in the atmosphere and give rise to toxic and carcinogenic secondary smog components. Smog reduces the visibility on roads and results in road accidents and cancellation of flights. Uptake of primary and secondary pollutants of smog is responsible for several deleterious diseases of which respiratory disorders, cardiovascular dysfunction, neurological disorders, and cancer are discussed here. Children and pregnant women are more prone to the hazards of smog. The worsening menace of smog on one hand and occurrence of pandemic i.e., COVID-19 on the other may increase the mortality rate. But the implementation of lockdown during pandemics has favored the atmosphere in some ways, which will be highlighted in the article. On the whole, the focus of this article will be on the dubious relationship between smog and coronavirus.
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Suicide and Associations with Air Pollution and Ambient Temperature: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147699. [PMID: 34300149 PMCID: PMC8303705 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Given health threats of climate change, a comprehensive review of the impacts of ambient temperature and ar pollution on suicide is needed. We performed systematic literature review and meta-analysis of suicide risks associated with short-term exposure to ambient temperature and air pollution. Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for English-language publications using relevant keywords. Observational studies assessing risks of daily suicide and suicide attempts associated with temperature, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) and ≤2.5 mm (PM2.5), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) were included. Data extraction was independently performed in duplicate. Random-effect meta-analysis was applied to pool risk ratios (RRs) for increases in daily suicide per interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure. Meta-regression analysis was applied to examine effect modification by income level based on gross national income (GNI) per capita, national suicide rates, and average level of exposure factors. In total 2274 articles were screened, with 18 studies meeting inclusion criteria for air pollution and 32 studies for temperature. RRs of suicide per 7.1 °C temperature was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.13). RRs of suicide per IQR increase in PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 were 1.02 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.05), 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.03), and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.07). O3, SO2, and CO were not associated with suicide. RR of suicide was significantly higher in higher-income than lower-income countries (1.09, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.11 and 1.20, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.26 per 7.1 °C increased temperature, respectively). Suicide risks associated with air pollution did not significantly differ by income level, national suicide rates, or average exposure levels. Research gaps were found for interactions between air pollution and temperature on suicide risks.
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Combined Effect of Hot Weather and Outdoor Air Pollution on Respiratory Health: Literature Review. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and respiratory health is well documented. At the same time, it is widely known that extreme weather events intrinsically exacerbate air pollution impact. Particularly, hot weather and extreme temperatures during heat waves (HW) significantly affect human health, increasing risks of respiratory mortality and morbidity. Concurrently, a synergistic effect of air pollution and high temperatures can be combined with weather–air pollution interaction during wildfires. The purpose of the current review is to summarize literature on interplay of hot weather, air pollution, and respiratory health consequences worldwide, with the ultimate goal of identifying the most dangerous pollution agents and vulnerable population groups. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus, focusing only on peer-reviewed journal articles published in English from 2000 to 2021. The main findings demonstrate that the increased level of PM10 and O3 results in significantly higher rates of respiratory and cardiopulmonary mortality. Increments in PM2.5 and PM10, O3, CO, and NO2 concentrations during high temperature episodes are dramatically associated with higher admissions to hospital in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, daily hospital emergency transports for asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, and premature mortality caused by respiratory disease. Excessive respiratory health risk is more pronounced in elderly cohorts and small children. Both heat waves and outdoor air pollution are synergistically linked and are expected to be more serious in the future due to greater climate instability, being a crucial threat to global public health that requires the responsible involvement of researchers at all levels. Sustainable urban planning and smart city design could significantly reduce both urban heat islands effect and air pollution.
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Short-term exposure to air pollution and hospital admission for heart failure among older adults in metropolitan cities: a time-series study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2021; 94:1605-1615. [PMID: 34089350 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-021-01724-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate the association between air pollution concentration levels and hospital admissions for heart failure (HF) among older adults in metropolitan cities in South Korea. METHODS We used hospital admission data of 1.8 million older adults in seven metropolitan cities from 2008 to 2016, derived from the National Health Insurance Service of South Korea. Daily HF admission data were linked to air pollutants concentrations for the respective dates, including particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in size (PM2.5), 10 μm (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone. We estimated the association between air pollutants and daily HF admissions using quasi-Poisson generalized additive models for each city. RESULTS During the study period, 142,490 hospital admissions for HF were noted. Increases of 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5 and PM10, and 10 ppb of SO2, NO2, and CO were associated with an increased risk of HF admission by 0.93% ([95% confidence intervals 0.51-1.36], 0.55% [0.31-0.80], 6.04% [2.15-10.08], 1.10% [0.38-1.82], and 0.05% [0.01-0.09]), respectively, on the same day. Increases in mean exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 for 8 days from the concurrent day were also significantly associated with HF admissions. During the warm season, the risk of HF admissions increased shortly after an increase in PM2.5, whereas prolonged effects were observed during the cold season. CONCLUSION Our study suggests the adverse effects of air pollution on HF. Moreover, the evidence of seasonality may help tailor protection guidelines for older adults.
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Guo H, Li X, Li W, Wu J, Wang S, Wei J. Climatic modification effects on the association between PM1 and lung cancer incidence in China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:880. [PMID: 33962607 PMCID: PMC8106137 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nationwide studies that examine climatic modification effects on the association between air pollution and health outcome are limited in developing countries. Moreover, few studies focus on PM1 pollution despite its greater health effect. Objectives This study aims to determine the modification effects of climatic factors on the associations between PM1 and the incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. Methods We conducted a nationwide analysis in 345 Chinese counties (districts) from 2014 to 2015. Mean air temperature and relative humidity over the study period were used as the proxies of climatic conditions. In terms of the multivariable linear regression model, we examined climatic modification effects in the stratified and combined datasets according to the three-category and binary divisions of climatic factors. Moreover, we performed three sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of climatic modification effects. Results We found a stronger association between PM1 and the incidence rate of male lung cancer in counties with high levels of air temperature or relative humidity. If there is a 10 μg/m3 shift in PM1, then the change in male incidence rate relative to its mean was higher by 4.39% (95% CI: 2.19, 6.58%) and 8.37% (95% CI: 5.18, 11.56%) in the middle and high temperature groups than in the low temperature group, respectively. The findings of climatic modification effects were robust in the three sensitivity analyses. No significant modification effect was discovered for female incidence rate. Conclusions Male residents in high temperature or humidity counties suffer from a larger effect of PM1 on the incidence rate of lung cancer in China. Future research on air pollution-related health impact assessment should consider the differential air pollution effects across different climatic conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10912-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Guo
- School of Architecture and Urban-rural Planning, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Anenberg SC, Haines S, Wang E, Nassikas N, Kinney PL. Synergistic health effects of air pollution, temperature, and pollen exposure: a systematic review of epidemiological evidence. Environ Health 2020; 19:130. [PMID: 33287833 PMCID: PMC7720572 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to heat, air pollution, and pollen are associated with health outcomes, including cardiovascular and respiratory disease. Studies assessing the health impacts of climate change have considered increased exposure to these risk factors separately, though they may be increasing simultaneously for some populations and may act synergistically on health. Our objective is to systematically review epidemiological evidence for interactive effects of multiple exposures to heat, air pollution, and pollen on human health. METHODS We systematically searched electronic literature databases (last search, April 29, 2019) for studies reporting quantitative measurements of associations between at least two of the exposures and mortality from any cause and cardiovascular and respiratory morbidity and mortality specifically. Following the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology, we evaluated the risk of bias of individual studies and the overall quality and strength of evidence. RESULTS We found 56 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, six measured air pollution, heat, and pollen; 39 measured air pollution and heat; 10 measured air pollution and pollen; and one measured heat and pollen. Nearly all studies were at risk of bias from exposure assessment error. However, consistent exposure-response across studies led us to conclude that there is overall moderate quality and sufficient evidence for synergistic effects of heat and air pollution. We concluded that there is overall low quality and limited evidence for synergistic effects from simultaneous exposure to (1) air pollution, pollen, and heat; and (2) air pollution and pollen. With only one study, we were unable to assess the evidence for synergistic effects of heat and pollen. CONCLUSIONS If synergistic effects between heat and air pollution are confirmed with additional research, the health impacts from climate change-driven increases in air pollution and heat exposure may be larger than previously estimated in studies that consider these risk factors individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C. Anenberg
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Shannon Haines
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA
- Now at: American Lung Association, Springfield, IL USA
| | - Elizabeth Wang
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Nicholas Nassikas
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI 02903 USA
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Mokoena KK, Ethan CJ, Yu Y, Quachie AT. Interaction Effects of Air Pollution and Climatic Factors on Circulatory and Respiratory Mortality in Xi'an, China between 2014 and 2016. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17239027. [PMID: 33287400 PMCID: PMC7729743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17239027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have reported that air pollution and climatic factors are major contributors to human morbidity and mortality globally. However, the combined interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on human health remain largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the interactive effects of air pollution and climatic factors on circulatory and respiratory mortality in Xi’an, China. Time-series analysis and the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) were employed as the study design and core statistical method. The interaction relative risk (IRR) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) for temperature and Air Quality Index (AQI) interaction on circulatory mortality were 0.973(0.969, 0.977) and −0.055(−0.059, −0.048), respectively; while for relative humidity and AQI interaction, 1.098(1.011, 1.072) and 0.088(0.081, 0.107) respectively, were estimated. Additionally, the IRR and RERI for temperature and AQI interaction on respiratory mortality were 0.805(0.722, 0.896) and −0.235(−0.269, −0.163) respectively, while 1.008(0.965, 1.051) and −0.031(−0.088, 0.025) respectively were estimated for relative humidity and AQI interaction. The interaction effects of climatic factors and AQI were synergistic and antagonistic in relation to circulatory and respiratory mortality, respectively. Interaction between climatic factors and air pollution contributes significantly to circulatory and respiratory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingsley Katleho Mokoena
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
- Correspondence: (K.K.M.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-(13)-201561959 (K.K.M.); +86-(13)-087506658 (Y.Y.)
| | - Crystal Jane Ethan
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Health Science Center, Xi’an 710061, China;
- Correspondence: (K.K.M.); (Y.Y.); Tel.: +86-(13)-201561959 (K.K.M.); +86-(13)-087506658 (Y.Y.)
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Augusto S, Ratola N, Tarín-Carrasco P, Jiménez-Guerrero P, Turco M, Schuhmacher M, Costa S, Teixeira JP, Costa C. Population exposure to particulate-matter and related mortality due to the Portuguese wildfires in October 2017 driven by storm Ophelia. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 144:106056. [PMID: 32866734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In October 2017, hundreds of wildfires ravaged the forests of the north and centre of Portugal. The fires were fanned by strong winds as tropical storm Ophelia swept the Iberian coast, dragging up smoke (together with Saharan dust from north-western Africa) into higher western European latitudes. Here we analyse the long-range transport of particulate matter (PM10) and study associations between PM10 and short-term mortality in the Portuguese population exposed to PM10 due to the October 2017 wildfires, the worst fire sequence in the country over the last decades. We analysed space- and ground-level observations to track the smoke plume and dust trajectory over Portugal and Europe, and to access PM10 concentrations during the wildfires. The effects of PM10 on mortality were evaluated using satellite data for exposure and Poisson regression models. The smoke plume covered most western European countries (including Spain, France, Belgium and the Netherlands), and reached the United Kingdom, where the population was exposed in average to an additional PM10 level of 11.7 µg/m3 during seven smoky days (three with dust) in relation to the reference days (days without smoke or dust), revealing the impact of the wildfires on distant populations. In Portugal, the population was exposed in average to additional PM10 levels that varied from 16.2 to 120.6 µg/m3 in smoky days with dust and from 6.1 to 20.9 µg/m3 in dust-free smoky days. Results suggest that PM10 had a significant effect on the same day natural and cardiorespiratory mortalities during the month of October 2017. For every additional 10 µg/m3 of PM10, there was a 0.89% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0-1.77%) increase in the number of natural deaths and a 2.34% (95% CI, 0.99-3.66%) increase in the number of cardiorespiratory-related deaths. With rising temperatures and a higher frequency of storms due to climate change, PM from Iberian wildfires together with NW African dust will tend to be more often transported into Northern European countries, which may carry health threats to areas far from the ignition sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Augusto
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Nuno Ratola
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Tarín-Carrasco
- Physics of the Earth, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro Jiménez-Guerrero
- Physics of the Earth, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marco Turco
- Physics of the Earth, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Campus de Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Solange Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - J P Teixeira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal; Department of Environmental Health, Portuguese National Institute of Health, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Porto, Portugal
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Liu S, Chan EYY, Goggins WB, Huang Z. The Mortality Risk and Socioeconomic Vulnerability Associated with High and Low Temperature in Hong Kong. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197326. [PMID: 33036459 PMCID: PMC7579344 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The adverse health effect associated with extreme temperature has been extensively reported in the current literature. Some also found that temperature effect may vary among the population with different socioeconomic status (SES), but found inconsistent results. Previous studies on the socioeconomic vulnerability of temperature effect were mainly achieved by multi-city or country analysis, but the large heterogeneity between cities may introduce additional bias to the estimation. The linkage between death registry and census in Hong Kong allows us to perform a city-wide analysis in which the study population shares virtually the same cultural, lifestyle and policy environment. This study aims to examine and compare the high and low temperature on morality in Hong Kong, a city with a subtropical climate and address a key research question of whether the extreme high and low temperature disproportionally affects population with lower SES. (2) Methods: Poisson-generalized additive models and distributed-lagged nonlinear models were used to examine the association between daily mortality and daily mean temperature between 2007–2015 with other meteorological and confounding factors controlled. Death registry was linked with small area census and area-level median household income was used as the proxy for socioeconomic status. (3) Results: 362,957 deaths during the study period were included in the analysis. The minimum mortality temperature was found to be 28.9 °C (82nd percentile). With a subtropical climate, the low temperature has a stronger effect than the high temperature on non-accidental, cardiovascular, respiratory and cancer deaths in Hong Kong. The hot effect was more pronounced in the first few days, while cold effect tended to last up to three weeks. Significant heat effect was only observed in the lower SES groups, whilst the extreme low temperature was associated with significantly higher mortality risk across all SES groups. The older population were susceptible to extreme temperature, especially for cold. (4) Conclusions: This study raised the concern of cold-related health impact in the subtropical region. Compared with high temperature, low temperature may be considered a universal hazard to the entire population in Hong Kong rather than only disproportionally affecting people with lower SES. Future public health policy should reconsider the strategy at both individual and community levels to reduce temperature-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Liu
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (Z.H.)
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Emily Yang Ying Chan
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (Z.H.)
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - William Bernard Goggins
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Zhe Huang
- Collaborating Centre for Oxford University and CUHK for Disaster and Medical Humanitarian Response (CCOUC), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (S.L.); (Z.H.)
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
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Land Cover Change Dynamics and their Impacts on Thermal Environment of Dadri Block, Gautam Budh Nagar, India. JOURNAL OF LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/jlecol-2020-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Land use / land cover (LULC) has been considered as one of the important bio-physical parameters and have significant affect on local environmental change, particularly increasing anthropogenic temperature. Remote sensing images from Landsat series satellites are a major information source for LULC change analysis. In the present investigation, long term changes in LULC and its negative impact on land surface temperature (LST) were analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat satellite images between 2000 to 2016. firstly LULC of the study area has been classified and temporal changes in land use classes were quantify, and observed that in most of the land use classes such as vegetation (-1.28 %), water bodies (-1.65 %), agriculture (-3.52) and open land (-2.43 %) have shown negative change, however large scale positive changes in built-up area (+8.87 %) has been observed during the analysis, which is mainly due to continuous urbanization and growth of population in the area. The classified thermal images from the same period also show mean temperature of the area has increased by 1.60 °C since last 16 years. The observation from the present study reveals that due to the large-scale land use change practices in urban and peri-urban area witnessed for the rising temperature due to loss natural vegetation and other natural resources.
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Xu H, Yan C, Fu Q, Xiao K, Yu Y, Han D, Wang W, Cheng J. Possible environmental effects on the spread of COVID-19 in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:139211. [PMID: 32402910 PMCID: PMC7204718 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus, designated as SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China and was identified as the causal pathogen of COVID-19. The epidemic scale of COVID-19 has increased dramatically, with confirmed cases increasing across China and globally. Understanding the potential affecting factors involved in COVID-19 transmission will be of great significance in containing the spread of the epidemic. Environmental and meteorological factors might impact the occurrence of COVID-19, as these have been linked to various diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), whose causative pathogens belong to the same virus family as SARS-CoV-2. We collected daily data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, air quality and meteorological variables of 33 locations in China for the outbreak period of 29 January 2020 to 15 February 2020. The association between air quality index (AQI) and confirmed cases was estimated through a Poisson regression model, and the effects of temperature and humidity on the AQI-confirmed cases association were analyzed. The results show that the effect of AQI on confirmed cases associated with an increase in each unit of AQI was statistically significant in several cities. The lag effect of AQI on the confirmed cases was statistically significant on lag day 1 (relative risk (RR) = 1.0009, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0004, 1.0013), day 2 (RR = 1.0007, 95% CI: 1.0003, 1.0012) and day 3 (RR = 1.0008, 95% CI: 1.0003, 1.0012). The AQI effect on the confirmed cases might be stronger in the temperature range of 10 °C ≤ T < 20 °C than in other temperature ranges, while the RR of COVID-19 transmission associated with AQI was higher in the relative humidity (RH) range of 10% ≤ RH < 20%. Results may suggest an enhanced impact of AQI on the COVID-19 spread under low RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chonghuai Yan
- Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Wuhan Environmental Protection Science Academy, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Yamei Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Deming Han
- School of Environmental, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinping Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Ji S, Zhou Q, Jiang Y, He C, Chen Y, Wu C, Liu B. The Interactive Effects between Particulate Matter and Heat Waves on Circulatory Mortality in Fuzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165979. [PMID: 32824676 PMCID: PMC7459691 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interactive effects between particulate matter (PM) and heat waves on circulatory mortality are under-researched in the context of global climate change. We aimed to investigate the interaction between heat waves and PM on circulatory mortality in Fuzhou, a city characterized by a humid subtropical climate and low level of air pollution in China. We collected data on deaths, pollutants, and meteorology in Fuzhou between January 2016 and December 2019. Generalized additive models were used to examine the effect of PM on circulatory mortality during the heat waves, and to explore the interaction between different PM levels and heat waves on the circulatory mortality. During heat waves, circulatory mortality was estimated to increase by 8.21% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.32–16.72) and 3.84% (95% CI: 0.28–7.54) per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, compared to non-heat waves. Compared with low-level PM2.5 concentration on non-heat waves layer, the high level of PM2.5 concentration on heat waves layer has a significant effect on the cardiovascular mortality, and the effect value was 48.35% (95% CI: 6.37–106.89). Overall, we found some evidence to suggest that heat waves can significantly enhance the impact of PM on circulatory mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumi Ji
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (S.J.); (Y.J.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Quan Zhou
- Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350000, China;
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (S.J.); (Y.J.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Chenzhou He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (S.J.); (Y.J.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (S.J.); (Y.J.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Chuancheng Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (S.J.); (Y.J.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Baoying Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (S.J.); (Y.J.); (C.H.); (Y.C.); (B.L.)
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, Fuzhou 350108, China
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Interactive Effect of Diurnal Temperature Range and Temperature on Mortality, Northeast Asia. Epidemiology 2020; 30 Suppl 1:S99-S106. [PMID: 31181012 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000000997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diurnal temperature range (DTR) represents temperature variability within a day and has been reported as a potential risk factor for mortality. Previous studies attempted to identify the role of temperature in the DTR-mortality association, but results are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effect of temperature and DTR on mortality using a multicountry time series analysis. METHODS We collected time series data for mortality and weather variables for 57 communities of three countries (Taiwan, Korea, and Japan) in Northeast Asia (1972-2012). Two-stage time series regression with a distributed lag nonlinear model and meta-analysis was used to estimate the DTR-mortality association changing over temperature strata (six strata were defined based on community-specific temperature percentiles). We first investigated the whole population and then, the subpopulations defined by temperature distribution (cold and warm regions), sex, and age group (people <65 and ≥65 years of age), separately. RESULTS The DTR-mortality association changed over temperature strata. The relative risk (RR) of mortality for 10°C increase in DTR was larger for high-temperature strata compared with cold-temperature strata (e.g., = 1.050; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.040, 1.060 at extreme-hot stratum and RR = 1.040; 95% CI = 1.031, 1.050 at extreme-cold stratum); extreme-hot and -cold strata were defined as the days with daily mean temperature above 90th and below 10th percentiles each community's temperature distribution. Such increasing pattern was more pronounced in cold region and in people who were 65 years or older. CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that the DTR-related mortality may increase as temperature increases.
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Ottone M, Broccoli S, Parmagnani F, Giannini S, Scotto F, Bonvicini L, Luberto F, Bacco D, Trentini A, Poluzzi V, Angelini P, Colacci A, Giorgi Rossi P, Ranzi A. Source-related components of fine particulate matter and risk of adverse birth outcomes in Northern Italy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109564. [PMID: 32668539 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the present study was to assess the association between PM2.5, its sources, and preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA) in a large open residential cohort (Supersito Project in the Emilia-Romagna Region - Northern Italy). METHODS We collected 2012-2014 pregnancy and childbirth data from Birth Assistance Certificates and selected the pregnancies of interest. PTBs (gestational age < 37 weeks), LBW (weight < 2500 g), and SGA (newborns weighing ≤ 10th age and pregnancy week-specific percentile) were considered. Three-year measurements of daily concentrations and constituents of PM2.5 were available at four sites and were analyzed through a source apportionment approach identifying 6 sources (traffic, biomass burning, oil combustion, anthropogenic mix, and two secondary factors). Exposure to PM2.5 and sources was calculated at address level. Using logistic regression models, associations between exposure and outcomes were derived, applying single-pollutant and two-pollutant models, to verify the independent effect of each source. RESULTS The study included 23,708 neonates born to 23,415 women, among whom 1,311 PTB, 424 LBW, and 1,354 SGA occurred. PTB was the only outcome associated with PM2.5 mass (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.002-1.058 per 1 μg/m3). Traffic, oil combustion and secondary sulfates and organics showed independent effects on PTB. Exposure to secondary nitrates was associated with a lower risk of PTB. There was no association between LBW or SGA and source-specific PM2.5 components or the residual PM2.5 related to all other sources. CONCLUSION This study found an association between PTB and PM2.5. Traffic, secondary sulfates, and organic and oil combustion were the sources with most consistent association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ottone
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Serena Broccoli
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Federica Parmagnani
- Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy
| | - Simone Giannini
- Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabiana Scotto
- Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonvicini
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Luberto
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Dimitri Bacco
- Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Trentini
- Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vanes Poluzzi
- Regional Centre for Urban Areas, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Angelini
- Public Health Service, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colacci
- Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgi Rossi
- Epidemiology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Andrea Ranzi
- Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention, Regional Agency for Prevention, Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna, Modena, Italy.
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Developing Vulnerability Index to Quantify Urban Heat Islands Effects Coupled with Air Pollution: A Case Study of Camden, NJ. ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijgi9060349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Extreme heat events at urban centers in combination with air pollution pose a serious risk to human health. Among these are financially distressed cities and neighborhoods that are facing enormous challenges without the scientific and technical capacity for planning and mitigation. The city of Camden is one of those economically distressed areas with a predominantly minority population, a high unemployment rate, high poverty rates, and poor air quality (PM2.5 and ozone), and it remains vulnerable to heat events. This paper focuses on studying a coupled effect of Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) and Ozone-PM2.5 pollution at the neighborhood-scale in the city of Camden, using fine scale remotely sensed land-surface temperature and air quality data from the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modelling System in the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) platform. To assess the impact of urban microclimate on the city of Camden, NJ, residents’ health, we identified several environmental and social parameters as the root causes of vulnerability imposed by extreme-heat and poor air quality. Vulnerability in terms of environment and social wellbeing was spatially quantified as two conceptual vulnerability-index models (i.e., environmental vulnerability index (EVI) and a social vulnerability index (SVI)) using multiple linear regression algorithm. Factors such as remotely sensed earth surface properties, built-environment components, air quality, and socio-economic data were incorporated in a holistic geographic approach to quantify the combined effect. Surface temperature gradient and Proportional Vegetation (Pv) generated from 30 m resolution Landsat 8 were sampled along with other variables in the city of Camden, NJ. Models incorporating Pv suggest better fit than models with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Water fraction (33.5%, 32.4%), percentage imperviousness (32.5%, 32%), Pv (20.5%, 19.6%), and digital elevation model (DEM) (9%, 8%) have the highest contributions in both models. Two output maps identified the vulnerable neighborhoods in the city through comprehensive GIS analysis: Lanning Square, Bergen Square, Central Waterfront, Gateway, Liberty Park, and Parkside. This can provide useful information for planners and health officials in targeting areas for future interventions and mitigations.
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Lokotola CL, Wright CY, Wichmann J. Temperature as a modifier of the effects of air pollution on cardiovascular disease hospital admissions in Cape Town, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:16677-16685. [PMID: 32133609 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and air pollution are two independent risk factors to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Few studies investigated their interaction and potential effect modification of one another in developing countries. Individual level CVD hospital admission (ICD10: I00-I99) data for 1 January 2011 to 31 October 2016 were obtained from seven private hospitals in Cape Town. NO2, SO2, PM10, temperature and relative humidity data were obtained from the South African Weather Services and the City of Cape Town. A case-crossover epidemiological study design and conditional logistic regression model were applied. Various cut-off values were applied to classify cold and warm days. In total, 54,818 CVD hospital admissions were included in the study. In general, on warm and cold days the 15-64 years old group was more at risk for CVD hospitalization with increasing air pollution levels compared to all ages combined or the ≥ 65 years old group. Females appeared to be more at risk than males with increasing PM10 levels. In contrast, males were more vulnerable to the effects of NO2 and SO2 than females. The study showed the modification effect of temperature on air pollution associated with CVD hospital admissions. The consideration of such interaction will help in policy making and public health interventions dealing with climate change-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Lokotola
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Caradee Y Wright
- South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Janine Wichmann
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Izquierdo R, García Dos Santos S, Borge R, Paz DDL, Sarigiannis D, Gotti A, Boldo E. Health impact assessment by the implementation of Madrid City air-quality plan in 2020. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109021. [PMID: 32044574 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Air pollutant concentrations in many urban areas are still above the legal and recommended limits that are set to protect the citizens' health. Madrid is one of the cities where traffic causes high NO2 levels. In this context, Madrid City Council launched the Air Quality and Climate Change Plan for the city of Madrid (Plan A), a local strategy approved by the previous government in 2017. The aim of this study was to conduct a quantitative health impact assessment to evaluate the number of premature deaths that could potentially be prevented by the implementation of Plan A in Madrid in 2020, at both citywide and within-city level. The main purpose was to support decision-making processes in order to maximize the positive health impacts from the implementation of Plan A measures. METHODS The Regional Statistical Office provided information on population and daily mortality in Madrid. For exposure assessment, we estimated PM2.5, NO2 and O3 concentration levels for Madrid city in 2012 (baseline air-quality scenario) and 2020 (projected air-quality scenario based on the implementation of Plan A), by means of an Eulerian chemical-transport model with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km and 30 vertical levels. We used the concentration-response functions proposed by two relevant WHO projects to calculate the number of attributable annual deaths corresponding to all non-accidental causes (ICD-10: A00-R99) among all-ages and the adult population (>30 years old) for each district and for Madrid city overall. This health impact assessment was conducted dependant on health-data availability. RESULTS In 2020, the implementation of Plan A would imply a reduction in the Madrid citywide annual mean PM2.5 concentration of 0.6 μg/m3 and 4.0 μg/m3 for NO2. In contrast, an increase of 1 μg/m3 for O3 would be expected. The annual number of all-cause deaths from long-term exposure (95% CI) that could be postponed in the adult population by the expected air-pollutant concentration reduction was 88 (57-117) for PM2.5 and 519 (295-750) for NO2; short-term exposure accounted for 20 (7-32) for PM2.5 and 79 (47-111) for NO2 in the total population. According to the spatial distribution of air pollutants, the highest mortality change estimations were for the city centre - including Madrid Central and mainly within the M-30 ring road -, as compared to peripheral districts. The positive health impacts from the reductions in PM2.5 and NO2 far exceeded the adverse mortality effects expected from the increase in O3. CONCLUSIONS Effective implementation of Plan A measures in Madrid city would bring about an appreciable decline in traffic-related air-pollutant concentrations and, in turn, would lead to significant health-related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Izquierdo
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Environmental Health Centre), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Road Majadahonda-Pozuelo km. 2.2, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Saul García Dos Santos
- Department of Atmospheric Pollution, National Environmental Health Centre), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Road Majadahonda-Pozuelo km. 2.2, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Borge
- Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - David de la Paz
- Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Denis Sarigiannis
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Department of Chemical Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University Campus, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece; HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Center, Bldg. B, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001, Greece; University School of Advanced Study IUSS, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Gotti
- European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE), Via Ferrata, 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Boldo
- Cancer and Environmental Epidemiology Unit, National Epidemiology Centre, Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Avenida Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Kim SY, Min C, Choi J, Park B, Choi HG. Air pollution by NO 2 is associated with the risk of Bell's palsy: A nested case-controlled study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4221. [PMID: 32144358 PMCID: PMC7060183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61232-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of weather and air pollution with the onset of Bell’s palsy. The Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Sample Cohort (HIRA-NSC) data from 2002 through 2013 were used. The 3,935 Bell’s palsy patients were matched with 15,740 control participants. The meteorological data, including daily mean temperature (°C), daily mean highest temperature (°C), daily mean lowest temperature (°C), daily mean temperature difference (°C), relative humidity (%), spot atmospheric pressure (hPa), sulfur dioxide (SO2) (ppm), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (ppm), ozone (O3) (ppm), carbon monoxide (CO) (ppm), and PM10 (particulate matter ≤ 10 μg/m3) for 60 days, 30 days, 14 days, 7 days, and 3 days prior to the index date were analyzed for Bell’s palsy cases and controls. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of the association between the meteorological data and Bell’s palsy. The mean NO2 and PM10 concentrations for 60 days were higher, while that of O3 was lower in the Bell’s palsy group than in the control group (both P < 0.001). The Bell’s palsy group showed 16.63-fold higher odds of NO2 for 60 days (0.1 ppm) than the control group (95% CI = 10.18–27.16, P < 0.001). The ORs of PM10, and O3 for 60 days showed inconsistent results according to the included variables. Bell’s palsy was related to high concentrations of NO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Chanyang Min
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.,Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jay Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Bumjung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea. .,Hallym Convergence Research Institute for Environmental Diseases, Anyang, Korea.
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Guo H, Li W, Wu J. Ambient PM2.5 and Annual Lung Cancer Incidence: A Nationwide Study in 295 Chinese Counties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17051481. [PMID: 32106556 PMCID: PMC7084498 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17051481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Most studies have examined PM2.5 effects on lung cancer mortalities, while few nationwide studies have been conducted in developing countries to estimate the effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidences. To fill this gap, this work aims to examine the effects of PM2.5 exposure on annual incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. We performed a nationwide analysis in 295 counties (districts) from 2006 to 2014. Two regression models were employed to analyse data controlling for time, location and socioeconomic characteristics. We also examined whether the estimates of PM2.5 effects are sensitive to the adjustment of health and behaviour covariates, and the issue of the changing cancer registries each year. We further investigated the modification effects of region, temperature and precipitation. Generally, we found significantly positive associations between PM2.5 and incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females. If concurrent PM2.5 changes by 10 g/m3, then the incidence rate relative to its baseline significantly changes by 4.20% (95% CI: 2.73%, 5.88%) and 2.48% (95% CI: 1.24%, 4.14%) for males and females, respectively. The effects of exposure to PM2.5 were still significant when further controlling for health and behaviour factors or using 5 year consecutive data from 91 counties. We found the evidence of long-term lag effects of PM2.5. We also found that temperature appeared to positively modify the effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for males. In conclusion, there were significantly adverse effects of PM2.5 on the incidence rates of lung cancer for both males and females in China. The estimated effect sizes might be considerably lower than those reported in developed countries. There were long-term lag effects of PM2.5 on lung cancer incidence in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Guo
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-(852)-39172566
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Ambulance Services Associated with Extreme Temperatures and Fine Particles in a Subtropical Island. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2855. [PMID: 32071336 PMCID: PMC7029034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59294-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the association between the risk of events requiring ambulance services and the ambient temperature and particulate matter of 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) for populations living in subtropical Taiwan. We used a distributed lag nonlinear model with a quasi-Poisson function to assess the roles of ambient temperature, PM10 and PM2.5 in the use of ambulance services for respiratory distress, coma and unconsciousness, chest pain, lying down in public, headaches/dizziness/vertigo/fainting/syncope and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each specific event were calculated in association with the ambient conditions. In general, the events that required ambulance services had a V-shaped or J-shaped association with the temperature, where the risks were higher at extreme temperatures. The RR of each event was significant when the patients were exposed to temperatures in the 5th percentile (<15 °C); patients with OHCA had the highest adjusted RR of 1.61 (95% CI = 1.47–1.77). The risks were also significant for coma/unconsciousness, headaches/dizziness/vertigo/fainting/syncope, and OHCA but not for respiratory distress, chest pain and lying down in public, after exposure to the 99th percentile temperatures of >30 °C. The risks for use of ambulance services increased with PM exposure and were significant for events of respiratory distress, chest pain and OHCA after exposure to the 99th percentile PM2.5 after controlling for temperatures. Events requiring ambulance services were more likely to occur when the ambient temperature was low than when it was high for the population on the subtropical island of Taiwan. The association of the risk of events requiring ambulance services with PM were not as strong as the association with low temperatures.
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Yao C, Wang Y, Williams C, Xu C, Kartsonaki C, Lin Y, Zhang P, Yin P, Lam KBH. The association between high particulate matter pollution and daily cause-specific hospital admissions: a time-series study in Yichang, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:5240-5250. [PMID: 31848968 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in China. In this study, we estimated the short-term effects of PM on cause-specific hospitalization in Yichang, China. Daily data for PM level, meteorological factors, and hospital admissions (total hospitalization counts = 391,960) in Yichang between 2015 and 2017 were collected. We conducted a time-series study and applied a generalized additive model to evaluate the association between every 10 μg/m3 increment of PM and percent increase of hospitalization. We found positive and statistically significant associations between PM and hospital admissions for multiple outcomes, including all-cause, total respiratory, total cardiovascular diseases, and disease subcategories (hypertensive disease, coronary heart disease, stroke and the stroke subtype, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infection). Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 at Lag01 (a moving average of Lag0 to Lag1), was significantly associated with an increase of 1.31% (95% CI: 0.79%, 1.83%), 1.12% (95% CI: 0.40%, 1.84%), and 1.14% (95% CI: 0.53%, 1.75%) in hospitalizations for all-cause, CVD, and respiratory, respectively. The association for PM10 with all-cause, CVD, and respiratory admissions was similar but weaker than PM2.5. The effect on admissions persisted for up to 7 days, and peaked at Lag01. The associations between PM and all-cause hospitalizations were stronger among older individuals and in cold seasons. It is therefore important to continue implementation of emission abatement and other effective measures in Yichang and other cities in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengye Yao
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | | | - Chengzhong Xu
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Dalian Road, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No.1277, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Pei Zhang
- Yichang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 Dalian Road, Yichang, 443000, China.
| | - Peng Yin
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, China
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Duan Y, Liao Y, Li H, Yan S, Zhao Z, Yu S, Fu Y, Wang Z, Yin P, Cheng J, Jiang H. Effect of changes in season and temperature on cardiovascular mortality associated with nitrogen dioxide air pollution in Shenzhen, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 697:134051. [PMID: 31487586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intricate association of mortality risk with ambient air pollution and temperature is of growing concern. Little is known regarding effect of changes in season and temperature on daily cardiovascular mortality associated with air pollutant nitrogen dioxide (NO2). OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to assess the effect of NO2 on cardiovascular mortality modified by season and daily air temperature in the effect, and further to identify the population highly susceptible to cardiovascular mortality associated with NO2 and air temperature. METHODS We collected daily cause-specific death data, weather conditions, and air pollutant concentrations in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2017. Distributed-lag linear models were employed to analyze the effect of season on the NO2-associated mortality. Furthermore, generalized additive models were combined with stratification parametric analysis to estimate the interaction effect of NO2 with air temperature on cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS In the cold season, the percentage increase in daily mortality for every 10 μg/m3 increment in NO2 concentration over lags of 0-2 days was 4.45% (95% CI: 2.71-6.21%). However, no statistically significant effect of NO2 was observed in the warm season. Compared with high-temperature days (>median temperature), a 3.51% increase in mortality (95% CI: 2.04-5.01%) over low-temperature days (≤median temperature) for the same increase in NO2 was significant. Air temperature modified the effect of NO2 on daily mortality by 4.08% (95% CI: 2.28-5.91%) for the elderly (age ≥ 65 years) on low-temperature days vs. -0.82% (95% CI: -3.88-2.34%) on high-temperature days, and 3.38% (95% CI: 1.50-5.29%) for males on low-temperature days vs. -0.73% (95% CI: -3.83-2.47%) on high air temperature days. CONCLUSIONS The cold season and low temperatures could significantly enhance the effect of NO2 on cardiovascular mortality. The elderly and males suffering from cardiovascular disease should take precautions against low temperature and NO2 air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Duan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Siyu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhao
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuyuan Yu
- Department of environment and health, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingbin Fu
- Department of Public Health Promotion, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jinquan Cheng
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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50
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Borge R, Requia WJ, Yagüe C, Jhun I, Koutrakis P. Impact of weather changes on air quality and related mortality in Spain over a 25 year period [1993-2017]. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105272. [PMID: 31675571 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a major public health concern. In addition to its direct impacts on temperature patterns and extreme weather events, climate change affects public health indirectly through its influence on air quality. Pollution trends are not only affected by emissions changes but also by weather changes. In this paper we analyze air quality trends in Spain of important air pollutants (C6H6, CO, NO2, NOx, O3, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2) recorded during the last 25 years, from 1993 to 2017. We found substantial reductions in ambient concentration levels for all the pollutants studied except for O3. To assess the influence of recent weather changes on air quality trends we applied generalized additive models (GAMs) using nonparametric smoothing; with and without adjusting for weather parameters including temperature, wind speed, humidity and precipitation frequency. The difference of annual slopes estimated by the models without and with adjusting for these meteorological variables represents the impact of weather changes on pollutant trends, i.e. the 'weather penalty'. The analyses were seasonally and geographically stratified to account for temporal and regional differences across Spain. The results were meta-analyzed to estimate weather penalties on ambient concentration trends at a national level as well as the impact on mortality for the most relevant pollutants. We found significant penalties for most pollutants, implying that air quality would have improved even more during our study period if weather conditions had remained constant. The largest weather influences were found for PM10, with seasonal penalties up to 22 μg⋅m-3 accumulated over the 25-year period in some regions. The national meta-analysis shows penalties of 0.060 μg⋅m-3 per year (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 0.004, 0.116) in cold months and 0.127 μg⋅m-3 per year (95% CI: 0.089, 0.164) in warm months. Penalties of this magnitude would correspond to 129 annual deaths (95% CI: 25, 233), i.e. approximately 3200 deaths over the 25-year period in Spain. According to our results, the health benefits of recent emission abatements for this pollutant in Spain would have been up to 10% greater if weather conditions had remained constant during the last 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Borge
- Harvard University, School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center 4th Floor West, Boston, MA 02115, United States; Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Environmental Modelling Laboratory, Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Weeberb J Requia
- Harvard University, School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center 4th Floor West, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Carlos Yagüe
- Department of Earth Physics and Astrophysics, University Complutense of Madrid, Faculty of Physical Sciences, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iny Jhun
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Harvard University, School of Public Health, 401 Park Drive, Landmark Center 4th Floor West, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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