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Oaknin A, Moore K, Meyer T, López-Picazo González J, Devriese LA, Amin A, Lao CD, Boni V, Sharfman WH, Park JC, Tahara M, Topalian SL, Magallanes M, Molina Alavez A, Khan TA, Copigneaux C, Lee M, Garnett-Benson C, Wang X, Naumann RW. Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (CheckMate 358): a phase 1-2, open-label, multicohort trial. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:588-602. [PMID: 38608691 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In preliminary findings from the recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer cohort of CheckMate 358, nivolumab showed durable anti-tumour responses, and the combination of nivolumab plus ipilimumab showed promising clinical activity. Here, we report long-term outcomes from this cohort. METHODS CheckMate 358 was a phase 1-2, open-label, multicohort trial. The metastatic cervical cancer cohort enrolled patients from 30 hospitals and cancer centres across ten countries. Female patients aged 18 years or older with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix with recurrent or metastatic disease, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1, and up to two previous systemic therapies were enrolled into the nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks group, the randomised groups (nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks plus ipilimumab 1 mg/kg every 6 weeks [NIVO3 plus IPI1] or nivolumab 1 mg/kg every 3 weeks plus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg every 3 weeks for four cycles then nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks [NIVO1 plus IPI3]), or the NIVO1 plus IPI3 expansion group. All doses were given intravenously. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to NIVO3 plus IPI1 or NIVO1 plus IPI3 via an interactive voice response system. Treatment continued until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or consent withdrawal, or for up to 24 months. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate. Anti-tumour activity and safety were analysed in all treated patients. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02488759) and is now completed. FINDINGS Between October, 2015, and March, 2020, 193 patients were recruited in the recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer cohort of CheckMate 358, of whom 176 were treated. 19 patients received nivolumab monotherapy, 45 received NIVO3 plus IPI1, and 112 received NIVO1 plus IPI3 (45 in the randomised group and 67 in the expansion group). Median follow-up times were 19·9 months (IQR 8·2-44·8) with nivolumab, 12·6 months (7·8-37·1) with NIVO3 plus IPI1, and 16·7 months (7·2-27·5) with pooled NIVO1 plus IPI3. Objective response rates were 26% (95% CI 9-51; five of 19 patients) with nivolumab, 31% (18-47; 14 of 45 patients) with NIVO3 plus IPI1, 40% (26-56; 18 of 45 patients) with randomised NIVO1 plus IPI3, and 38% (29-48; 43 of 112 patients) with pooled NIVO1 plus IPI3. The most common grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events were diarrhoea, hepatic cytolysis, hyponatraemia, pneumonitis, and syncope (one [5%] patient each; nivolumab group), diarrhoea, increased gamma-glutamyl transferase, increased lipase, and vomiting (two [4%] patients each; NIVO3 plus IPI1 group), and increased lipase (nine [8%] patients) and anaemia (seven [6%] patients; pooled NIVO1 plus IPI3 group). Serious treatment-related adverse events were reported in three (16%) patients in the nivolumab group, 12 (27%) patients in the NIVO3 plus IPI1 group, and 47 (42%) patients in the pooled NIVO1 plus IPI3 group. There was one treatment-related death due to immune-mediated colitis in the NIVO1 plus IPI3 group. INTERPRETATION Nivolumab monotherapy and nivolumab plus ipilimumab combination therapy showed promise in the CheckMate 358 study as potential treatment options for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Future randomised controlled trials of nivolumab plus ipilimumab or other dual immunotherapy regimens are warranted to confirm treatment benefit in this patient population. FUNDING Bristol Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oaknin
- Medical Oncology Service, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kathleen Moore
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tim Meyer
- University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Lot A Devriese
- Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Asim Amin
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Valentina Boni
- Medical Oncology, START Madrid, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, Hospital Madrid Norte Sanchinarro, Madrid, Spain
| | - William H Sharfman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Makoto Tahara
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Suzanne L Topalian
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy and Kimmel Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Lee
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA; Syneos Health, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | | | - Xuya Wang
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Petre I, Vernic C, Petre I, Vlad CS, Sipos SI, Bordianu A, Luciana M, Dragomir RD, Fizedean CM, Daliborca CV. Systematic Review on the Effectiveness and Outcomes of Nivolumab Treatment Schemes in Advanced and Metastatic Cervical Cancer. Diseases 2024; 12:77. [PMID: 38667535 PMCID: PMC11049060 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12040077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Advanced and metastatic cervical cancer remains a formidable challenge in oncology, with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as the PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab emerging as a potential therapeutic option. This systematic review rigorously assesses the effectiveness and outcomes of various nivolumab treatment regimens within this patient cohort, drawing from clinical trials and real-world evidence up to December 2023. Following a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, four studies were deemed eligible, involving a collective total of 80 patients. One preliminary trial data were excluded from the final analysis, as well as four other proceedings and abstracts on the efficacy and safety of nivolumab on advanced cervical cancer. The patients' average age across these studies was 48 years, with an average of 38% having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 1. Notably, 64% of all patients were positive for high-risk HPV, and 71% exhibited PD-L1 positivity, indicating a substantial target population for nivolumab. The analysis revealed a pooled objective response rate (ORR) of 48%, with a disease control rate (DCR) averaging 71%. Moreover, progression-free survival (PFS) at 6 months was observed at an average rate of 50%, reflecting the significant potential of nivolumab in managing advanced stages of the disease. The review highlights the influence of PD-L1 status on response rates and underscores the enhanced outcomes associated with combination therapy approaches. By delineating the variability in treatment efficacy and pinpointing key factors affecting therapeutic response and survival, this systematic review calls for further investigations to refine nivolumab's clinical application, aiming to improve patient outcomes in advanced and metastatic cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ion Petre
- Doctoral School, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
- Department of Functional Sciences, Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Discipline, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Corina Vernic
- Department of Functional Sciences, Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Discipline, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Izabella Petre
- Department XII of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Cristian Sebastian Vlad
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.V.); (S.I.S.); (C.V.D.)
| | - Simona Ioana Sipos
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.V.); (S.I.S.); (C.V.D.)
| | - Anca Bordianu
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Reconstructive Microsurgery Bagdasar-Arseni, Emergency Hospital Bucharest, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marc Luciana
- Department VII of Internal Medicine II, Division of Nephrology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Radu Dumitru Dragomir
- Department of Oncology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Camelia Melania Fizedean
- Methodological and Infectious Diseases Research Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Vlad Daliborca
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Eftimie Murgu Square 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.S.V.); (S.I.S.); (C.V.D.)
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Oaknin A, Ghamande SA, Kasamatsu Y, Gil-Martin M, Grau-Bejar JF, Garcia-Duran C, Sato M, Siddiqui A, Chaudhary SP, Vugmeyster Y, Hasegawa K. Phase I Trial of First-line Bintrafusp Alfa in Patients with Locally Advanced or Persistent/Recurrent/Metastatic Cervical Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:975-983. [PMID: 38165683 PMCID: PMC10905521 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bintrafusp alfa, a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of TGFβ receptor II (a TGFβ "trap") fused to a human IgG1 mAb blocking programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), was evaluated as treatment in patients with locally advanced or persistent, recurrent, or metastatic (P/R/M) cervical cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this multicenter, open-label, phase Ib trial (NCT04551950), patients with P/R/M cervical cancer received bintrafusp alfa 2,400 mg once every 3 weeks plus cisplatin or carboplatin plus paclitaxel with (Cohort 1A; n = 8) or without (Cohort 1B; n = 9) bevacizumab; patients with locally advanced cervical cancer received bintrafusp alfa 2,400 mg every 3 weeks plus cisplatin plus radiation, followed by bintrafusp alfa monotherapy maintenance (Cohort 2; n = 8). The primary endpoint was safety; secondary endpoints included efficacy (including objective response rate) and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS At the data cutoff of April 27, 2022, patients in Cohorts 1A, 1B, and 2 had received bintrafusp alfa for a median duration of 37.9, 31.1, and 16.7 weeks, respectively. Two dose-limiting toxicities (grade 4 amylase elevation and grade 3 menorrhagia) unrelated to bintrafusp alfa were observed in Cohort 1B and none in other cohorts. Most treatment-emergent adverse events of special interest were grades 1-2 in severity, most commonly anemia (62.5%-77.8%) and bleeding events (62.5%-77.8%). Objective response rate was 75.0% [95% confidence interval (CI), 34.9-96.8], 44.4% (95% CI, 13.7-78.8), and 62.5% (95% CI, 24.5-91.5) in Cohorts 1A, 1B, and 2, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Bintrafusp alfa had manageable safety and demonstrated clinical activity, further supporting the investigation of TGFβ/PD-L1 inhibition in human papillomavirus-associated cancers, including cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oaknin
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta Gil-Martin
- Institut Català d'Oncologia-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Grau-Bejar
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Duran
- Gynaecologic Cancer Programme, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Masashi Sato
- the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Abdul Siddiqui
- the healthcare business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | | | - Kosei Hasegawa
- Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
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Crafton SM, Venkat PS, Salani R. A review of the state of cervical cancer: updates from prevention to recurrent disease. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2024; 36:28-33. [PMID: 37873756 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent updates in cervical cancer from prevention and early detection to the management of early stage and recurrent disease as well as future areas of exploration. RECENT FINDINGS The importance of the human papilloma virus vaccine and screening continue to make an impact in reducing the global burden of cervical cancer. In early-stage, low risk disease, new studies have demonstrated the role of less radical surgery with similar disease related outcomes. Efforts to improve outcomes in locally advanced cervical cancer have been reported. The incorporation of adjuvant chemotherapy, novel agents and checkpoint inhibitors, with the latter impacting disease free survival. In advanced/recurrent disease, the role of immunotherapy continues to make an impact and, in addition to recurrent disease, has now moved to the frontline for patients with programmed cell death ligand 1 expression. Tisotumab vedotin, an antibody drug conjugate, and other novel agents continue to be studied in this setting. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss prevention measures and the outcomes of recent trials in all stages of cervical cancer. As therapies continue to evolve, ongoing trials and new areas of exploration will continue to identify opportunities to improve survival in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Crafton
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Puja S Venkat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California
| | - Ritu Salani
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Bello Roufai D. [Place of innovative therapies in the management of cervical cancer]. Bull Cancer 2024; 111:51-61. [PMID: 38087730 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Despite optimized screening and prevention strategies, cervical cancer remains a major public health problem, even in developed countries. In France, the incidence is estimated at 3159 cases per year in 2023. While the management of early-stage cases is now highly standardized, few therapeutic advances were made in the treatment of metastatic stages before 2021, before the therapeutic arsenal that we know today took off. The aim of this review is to summarize these advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bello Roufai
- Département d'oncologie médicale, Institut Curie, 35, rue Dailly, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France.
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D'Oria O, Bogani G, Cuccu I, D'Auge TG, Di Donato V, Caserta D, Giannini A. Pharmacotherapy for the treatment of recurrent cervical cancer: an update of the literature. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:55-65. [PMID: 38159033 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2298329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. High-risk locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic cervical cancers have a poor prognosis with routine treatments. The objective of this study is to analyze the data available in the literature on therapies and molecules currently in use to improve the prognosis of recurrent cervical cancer. AREAS COVERED An extensive literature search was conducted by authors to identify relevant trials on various databases. Articles in English published until September 2023 that investigate different pharmacotherapy strategies for the treatment of recurrent cervical cancer, were included. Results of various pharmacological regimens including different combinations of chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, DNA damage repair inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates were analyzed. EXPERT OPINION In recent years, there have been significant improvements in the outcomes of recurrent/metastatic cervical cancer. However, these improvements do not address the unmet need in terms of oncological outcomes. The introduction of immunotherapy and targeted therapies showed advantages in cervical cancer patients. New therapies and combination strategies must be implemented. Centralization of care and enrollment in clinical trials are of paramount importance. Primary and secondary prevention remains the fundamental goal to reduce the burden of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ottavia D'Oria
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Course in "Translational Medicine and Oncology", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Obstetrics and Gynecological Unit, Department of Woman's and Child's Health, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bogani
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cuccu
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tullio Golia D'Auge
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Violante Di Donato
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Caserta
- Gynecology Division, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea University Hospital Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giannini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Course in "Translational Medicine and Oncology", Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Gynecological, Obstetrical and Urological Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Friedman CF, Ravichandran V, Miller K, Vanderbilt C, Zhou Q, Iasonos A, Vivek M, Mishra P, Leitao MM, Broach V, Sonoda Y, Kyi C, Zamarin D, O'Cearbhaill RE, Konner J, Berger MF, Weigelt B, Momeni Boroujeni A, Park KJ, Aghajanian C, Solit DB, Donoghue MT. Assessing the Genomic Landscape of Cervical Cancers: Clinical Opportunities and Therapeutic Targets. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4660-4668. [PMID: 37643132 PMCID: PMC10644000 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor genomic profiling is increasingly used to guide treatment strategy in patients with cancer. We integrated tumor genomic, clinical demographic, and treatment response data to assess how prospective tumor-normal sequencing impacted treatment selection in patients with cervical cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cervical cancers were prospectively analyzed using the MSK-IMPACT (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center - Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets) next-generation sequencing panel. Clinical data, including histology, stage at diagnosis, treatment history, clinical trial enrollment and outcomes, date of last follow-up, and survival status were obtained from medical records. RESULTS A total of 177 patients with cervical cancer (squamous, 69; endocervical adenocarcinoma, 50; gastric type, 22; adenosquamous, 21; and other, 15) underwent MSK-IMPACT testing. The most prevalent genomic alterations were somatic mutations or amplifications in PIK3CA (25%), ERBB2 (12%), KMT2C (10%), and KMT2D (9%). Furthermore, 13% of patients had high tumor mutational burden (TMB >10 mut/Mb), 3 of which were also microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Thirty-seven percent of cases had at least one potentially actionable alteration designated as a level 3B mutational event according to the FDA-recognized OncoKB tumor mutation database and treatment classification system. A total of 30 patients (17%) were enrolled on a therapeutic clinical trial, including 18 (10%) who were matched with a study based on their MSK-IMPACT results. Twenty patients (11%) participated in an immune checkpoint inhibition study for metastatic disease; 2 remain progression free at >5 years follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Tumor genomic profiling can facilitate the selection of targeted/immunotherapies, as well as clinical trial enrollment, for patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire F. Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Vignesh Ravichandran
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathryn Miller
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chad Vanderbilt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexia Iasonos
- Department of Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Malavika Vivek
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pamela Mishra
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mario M. Leitao
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Vance Broach
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Yukio Sonoda
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of OB/GYN, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Chrisann Kyi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Roisin E. O'Cearbhaill
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jason Konner
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Amir Momeni Boroujeni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kay J. Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Carol Aghajanian
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David B. Solit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mark T.A. Donoghue
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Jou J, Kato S, Miyashita H, Thangathurai K, Pabla S, DePietro P, Nesline MK, Conroy JM, Rubin E, Eskander RN, Kurzrock R. Cancer-Immunity Marker RNA Expression Levels across Gynecologic Cancers: Implications for Immunotherapy. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:1352-1362. [PMID: 37619986 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to characterize cancer-immunity marker expression in gynecologic cancers and compare immune landscapes between gynecologic tumor subtypes and with nongynecologic solid tumors. RNA expression levels of 51 cancer-immunity markers were analyzed in patients with gynecologic cancers versus nongynecologic cancers, and normalized to a reference population of 735 control cancers, ranked from 0 to 100, and categorized as low (0-24), moderate (25-74), or high (75-100) percentile rank. Of the 72 patients studied, 43 (60%) had ovarian, 24 (33%) uterine, and 5 (7%) cervical cancer. No two immune profiles were identical according to expression rank (0-100) or rank level (low, moderate, or high). Patients with cervical cancer had significantly higher expression level ranks of immune activating, proinflammatory, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte markers, and checkpoints than patients with uterine or ovarian cancer (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). However, there were no significant differences in immune marker expression between uterine and ovarian cancers. Tumors with PD-L1 tumor proportional score (TPS) ≥1% versus 0% had significantly higher expression levels of proinflammatory markers (58 vs. 49%, P = 0.0004). Compared to patients with nongynecologic cancers, more patients with gynecologic cancers express high levels of IDO-1 (44 vs. 13%, P < 0.001), LAG3 (35 vs. 21%, P = 0.008), and IL10 (31 vs. 15%, P = 0.002.) Patients with gynecologic cancers have complex and heterogeneous immune landscapes that are distinct from patient to patient and from other solid tumors. High levels of IDO1 and LAG3 suggest that clinical trials with IDO1 inhibitors or LAG3 inhibitors, respectively, may be warranted in gynecologic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Jou
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, Oregon
| | - Shumei Kato
- Division of Hematology & Oncology and Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Hirotaka Miyashita
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | | | | | - Paul DePietro
- OmniSeq, Inc. (a Labcorp subsidiary), Buffalo, New York
| | | | | | - Eitan Rubin
- The Shraga Segal Department for Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ramez N Eskander
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of California San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, California
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- WIN Consortium and Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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9
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Yadav A, Yadav S, Alam MA. Immunotherapies landscape and associated inhibitors for the treatment of cervical cancer. Med Oncol 2023; 40:328. [PMID: 37815596 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02188-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common form of cancer worldwide. There is a large number of situations that may be examined in the developing world. The risk of contracting HPV (Human Papillomavirus) due to poor sanitation and sexual activity is mostly to blame for the disease's alarming rate of expansion. Immunotherapy is widely regarded as one of the most effective medicines available. The immunotherapy used to treat cervical cancer cells relies on inhibitors that block the immune checkpoint. The poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymer inhibited cervical cancer cells by activating both the programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (CTLA-1) checkpoints, a strategy that has been shown to have impressive effects. Yet, immunotherapy directed towards tumors that have already been invaded by lymphocytes leaves a positive imprint on the healing process. Immunotherapy is used in conjunction with other treatments, including chemotherapy and radiation, to provide faster and more effective outcomes. In this combination therapy, several medications such as Pembrolizumab, Durvalumab, Atezolizumab, and so on are employed in clinical trials. Recent developments and future predictions suggest that vaccinations will soon be developed with the dual goal of reducing the patient's susceptibility to illness while simultaneously strengthening their immune system. Many clinical and preclinical studies are now investigating the effectiveness of immunotherapy in slowing the progression of cervical cancer. The field of immunotherapy is expected to witness more progress toward improving outcomes. Immunotherapies landscape and associated inhibitors for the treatment of Cervical Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agrima Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Yadav
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Plot No. 2, Sector 17-A, Yamuna Expressway, Gautam Buddh Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India.
| | - Md Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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10
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Gao X, Xu N, Li Z, Shen L, Ji K, Zheng Z, Liu D, Lou H, Bai L, Liu T, Li Y, Li Y, Fan Q, Feng M, Zhong H, Huang Y, Lou G, Wang J, Lin X, Chen Y, An R, Li C, Zhou Q, Huang X, Guo Z, Wang S, Li G, Fei J, Zhu L, Zhu H, Li X, Li F, Liao S, Min Q, Tang L, Shan F, Gong J, Gao Y, Zhou J, Lu Z, Li X, Li J, Ren H, Liu X, Yang H, Li W, Song W, Wang ZM, Li B, Xia M, Wu X, Ji J. Safety and antitumour activity of cadonilimab, an anti-PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific antibody, for patients with advanced solid tumours (COMPASSION-03): a multicentre, open-label, phase 1b/2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2023; 24:1134-1146. [PMID: 37797632 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting PD-1 or CTLA-4 individually have shown substantial clinical benefits in the treatment of malignancies. We aimed to assess the safety and antitumour activity of cadonilimab monotherapy, a bispecific PD-1/CTLA-4 antibody, in patients with advanced solid tumours. METHODS This multicentre, open-label, phase 1b/2 trial was conducted across 30 hospitals in China. Patients aged 18 years or older with histologically or cytologically confirmed, unresectable advanced solid tumours, unsuccessful completion of at least one previous systemic therapy, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0 or 1 were eligible for inclusion. Patients who had previously received anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-CTLA-4 treatment were not eligible for inclusion. In the dose escalation phase of phase 1b, patients received intravenous cadonilimab at 6 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks. In the dose expansion phase of phase 1b, cadonilimab at 6 mg/kg and a fixed dose of 450 mg were given intravenously every 2 weeks. In phase 2, cadonilimab at 6 mg/kg was administered intravenously every 2 weeks in three cohorts: patients with cervical cancer, oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The primary endpoints were the safety of cadonilimab in phase 1b and objective response rate in phase 2, based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), version 1.1. The safety analysis was done in all patients who received at least one dose of cadonilimab. Antitumour activity was assessed in the full analysis set for the cervical cancer cohort, and in all patients with measurable disease at baseline and who received at least one dose of cadonilimab in the oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cohorts. The study is registered on ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT03852251, and closed to new participants; follow-up has been completed. FINDINGS Between Jan 18, 2019, and Jan 8, 2021, 240 patients (83 [43 male and 40 female] in phase 1b and 157 in phase 2) were enrolled. Phase 2 enrolled 111 female patients with cervical cancer, 22 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (15 male and seven female), and 24 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (17 male and seven female). During dose escalation, no dose-limiting toxicities occurred. Grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 67 (28%) of 240 patients; the most frequent grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events were anaemia (seven [3%]), increased lipase (four [2%]), decreased bodyweight (three [1%]), decreased appetite (four [2%]), decreased neutrophil count (three [1%]), and infusion-related reaction (two [1%]). 17 (7%) patients discontinued treatment due to treatment-related adverse events. 54 (23%) of 240 patients reported serious treatment-related adverse events, including five patients who died (one due to myocardial infarction; cause unknown for four). In phase 2, in the cervical cancer cohort, with a median follow-up of 14·6 months (IQR 13·1-17·5), the objective response rate was 32·3% (32 of 99; 95% CI 23·3-42·5). In the oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cohort, with a median follow-up of 17·9 months (IQR 4·0-15·1), the objective response rate was 18·2% (four of 22; 95% CI 5·2-40·3). In the hepatocellular carcinoma cohort, with a median follow-up of 19·6 months (IQR 8·7-19·8), the objective response rate was 16·7% (four of 24; 95% CI 4·7-37·4). INTERPRETATION Cadonilimab showed an encouraging tumour response rate, with a manageable safety profile, suggesting the potential of cadonilimab for the treatment of advanced solid tumours. FUNDING Akeso Biopharma. TRANSLATION For the Chinese translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Nong Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Department of GI Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of GI Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hanmei Lou
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Bai
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yunxia Li
- General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuzhi Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qingxia Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Yi Huang
- Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Science and Technology University, Luoyang, China
| | - Ruifang An
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | - Qi Zhou
- Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengqing Guo
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guiling Li
- Union Hospital Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junwei Fei
- The First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijing Zhu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Fenghu Li
- Guizhou Cancer Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Sihai Liao
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qinghua Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jifang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of GI Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yunong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of GI Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of GI Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of GCP center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Ministry of Education, Department of GCP center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiaohua Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiafu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China.
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11
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Watkins DE, Craig DJ, Vellani SD, Hegazi A, Fredrickson KJ, Walter A, Stanbery L, Nemunaitis J. Advances in Targeted Therapy for the Treatment of Cervical Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5992. [PMID: 37762931 PMCID: PMC10531664 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is an international public health crisis, affecting several hundred thousand women annually. While not universally protective due to other risk factors, many such cases are preventable with vaccination against high-risk serotypes of the human papilloma virus (HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 53, 58). Advanced-stage and recurrent cervical cancers are typically lethal and have been the focus in recent years of the integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) to improve survival. We have consolidated information regarding the role of the immune system in both disease progression and disease clearance with the aid of targeted therapies and immunotherapeutic agents. Additionally, we have characterized the treatment modalities currently indicated as the standard of care-such as bevacizumab and the immune CPIs-and those recently approved or in development, including Tivdak, Vigil, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean E. Watkins
- University of Toledo Medical Center, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Daniel J. Craig
- University of Toledo Medical Center, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Shahnaz D. Vellani
- University of Toledo Medical Center, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Ahmad Hegazi
- University of Toledo Medical Center, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kaylee J. Fredrickson
- University of Toledo Medical Center, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Adam Walter
- ProMedica Toledo Hospital, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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12
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Sausen DG, Shechter O, Gallo ES, Dahari H, Borenstein R. Herpes Simplex Virus, Human Papillomavirus, and Cervical Cancer: Overview, Relationship, and Treatment Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3692. [PMID: 37509353 PMCID: PMC10378257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a significant body of research examining the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, with a particular emphasis on the oncogenic proteins E5, E6, and E7. What is less well explored, however, is the relationship between cervical cancer and herpes simplex virus (HSV). To date, studies examining the role of HSV in cervical cancer pathogenesis have yielded mixed results. While several experiments have determined that HPV/HSV-2 coinfection results in a higher risk of developing cervical cancer, others have questioned the validity of this association. However, clarifying the potential role of HSV in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer may have significant implications for both the prevention and treatment of this disease. Should this relationship be clarified, treating and preventing HSV could open another avenue with which to prevent cervical cancer. The importance of this is highlighted by the fact that, despite the creation of an effective vaccine against HPV, cervical cancer still impacts 604,000 women and is responsible for 342,000 deaths annually. This review provides an overview of HSV and HPV infections and then delves into the possible links between HPV, HSV, and cervical cancer. It concludes with a summary of preventive measures against and recent treatment advances in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Sausen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA; (D.G.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Oren Shechter
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23501, USA; (D.G.S.); (O.S.)
| | - Elisa S. Gallo
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
| | - Harel Dahari
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
| | - Ronen Borenstein
- The Program for Experimental and Theoretical Modeling, Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA;
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13
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Kumar V, Bauer C, Stewart JH. TIME Is Ticking for Cervical Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:941. [PMID: 37508372 PMCID: PMC10376148 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a major health problem among reproductive-age females and comprises a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major risk factor associated with CC incidence. However, lifestyle is also a critical factor in CC pathogenesis. Despite HPV vaccination introduction, the incidence of CC is increasing worldwide. Therefore, it becomes critical to understand the CC tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) to develop immune cell-based vaccination and immunotherapeutic approaches. The current article discusses the immune environment in the normal cervix of adult females and its role in HPV infection. The subsequent sections discuss the alteration of different immune cells comprising CC TIME and their targeting as future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
| | - Caitlin Bauer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
| | - John H Stewart
- Department of Interdisciplinary Oncology, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
- Louisiana Children's Medical Center Cancer Center, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Science Center (LSUHSC), 1700 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70012, USA
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14
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Disis ML, Adams SF, Bajpai J, Butler MO, Curiel T, Dodt SA, Doherty L, Emens LA, Friedman CF, Gatti-Mays M, Geller MA, Jazaeri A, John VS, Kurnit KC, Liao JB, Mahdi H, Mills A, Zsiros E, Odunsi K. Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of gynecologic cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006624. [PMID: 37295818 PMCID: PMC10277149 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced gynecologic cancers have historically lacked effective treatment options. Recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cervical cancer and endometrial cancer, offering durable responses for some patients. In addition, many immunotherapy strategies are under investigation for the treatment of earlier stages of disease or in other gynecologic cancers, such as ovarian cancer and rare gynecologic tumors. While the integration of ICIs into the standard of care has improved outcomes for patients, their use requires a nuanced understanding of biomarker testing, treatment selection, patient selection, response evaluation and surveillance, and patient quality of life considerations, among other topics. To address this need for guidance, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts to develop a clinical practice guideline. The Expert Panel drew on the published literature as well as their own clinical experience to develop evidence- and consensus-based recommendations to provide guidance to cancer care professionals treating patients with gynecologic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Disis
- Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah F Adams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Jyoti Bajpai
- Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Marcus O Butler
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Hospital Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tyler Curiel
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock's Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Laura Doherty
- Program in Women's Oncology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Leisha A Emens
- Department of Medicine, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claire F Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Margaret Gatti-Mays
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa A Geller
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Jazaeri
- Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Veena S John
- Department of Medical Oncology & Hematology, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Lake Success, New York, USA
| | - Katherine C Kurnit
- University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John B Liao
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Haider Mahdi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anne Mills
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Emese Zsiros
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kunle Odunsi
- The University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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Lee JY, Lee YY, Park JY, Shim SH, Kim SI, Kong TW, Lim CK, Cho HW, Suh DH. Major clinical research advances in gynecologic cancer in 2022: highlight on late-line PARP inhibitor withdrawal in ovarian cancer, the impact of ARIEL-4, and SOLO-3. J Gynecol Oncol 2023; 34:e51. [PMID: 36890294 PMCID: PMC9995865 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2023.34.e51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the 2022 series, we summarized the major clinical research advances in gynecologic oncology based on communications at the conference of Asian Society of Gynecologic Oncology Review Course. The review consisted of 1) Ovarian cancer: long-term follow-up data, new poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, overall survival (OS) issues with PARP inhibitor monotherapy, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and antibody-drug conjugate; 2) Cervical cancer: surgery in early stage disease, therapy for locally advanced stage and advanced, metastatic, or recurrent setting; and 3) Corpus cancer: follow-up regimen, immune checkpoint inhibitor, WEE1 inhibitor, selective inhibitor of nuclear export. A special note was made on the withdrawal of PARP inhibitor from the market for heavily pretreated ovarian cancer patients based on the final OS results of ARIEL-4 and SOLO-3 due to concerns of increased risk of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yun Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeol Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyuk Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Ik Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Chul Kwon Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun Woong Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
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16
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Paulino E, de Melo AC, de Andrade DAP, de Almeida MS. Systemic therapy for advanced cervical cancer: Leveraging the historical threshold of overall survival. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 183:103925. [PMID: 36696932 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is a worldwide problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries, where patients are often diagnosed with locally advanced disease. Until recently, all chemotherapy drugs achieved low ORR and 12-month overall survival (12- month OS) for advanced CC after failure for platinum compounds. Advances in systemic therapy with immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have leveraged the 12-month OS limit. Recently, immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) has become the standard of care in first-line advanced CC combined with platinum and taxane and in second-line after platinum doublet failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Paulino
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Oncologia D'or, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Andreia Cristina de Melo
- Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Grupo Oncoclínicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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17
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McNamara B, Chang Y, Mutlu L, Harold J, Santin AD. Pembrolizumab with chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:227-233. [PMID: 36800548 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2182679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite progress on prevention and treatment of cervical cancer, global morbidity and mortality remain high. Immunotherapy, in conjunction with standard chemotherapy, presents an opportunity for further benefit. AREAS COVERED Here we report the pharmacologic properties, evidence for clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of pembrolizumab in addition to standard chemotherapy with and without bevacizumab for treatment of advanced or recurrent cervical cancer. EXPERT OPINION In patients with progressive, recurrent, or metastatic PD-L1 expressing cervical cancer, without contraindication to anti-VEGF therapy, the use of pembrolizumab with bevacizumab and standard chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel is warranted. There is no evidence to support the use of pembrolizumab for this population broadly, and no evidence to support its use in PD-L1 non-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair McNamara
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yifan Chang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Levent Mutlu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Justin Harold
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alessandro D Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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De Jaeghere EA, Tuyaerts S, Van Nuffel AMT, Belmans A, Bogaerts K, Baiden-Amissah R, Lippens L, Vuylsteke P, Henry S, Trinh XB, van Dam PA, Aspeslagh S, De Caluwé A, Naert E, Lambrechts D, Hendrix A, De Wever O, Van de Vijver KK, Amant F, Vandecasteele K, Denys HG. Pembrolizumab, radiotherapy, and an immunomodulatory five-drug cocktail in pretreated patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical or endometrial carcinoma: Results of the phase II PRIMMO study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:475-491. [PMID: 35960332 PMCID: PMC9870976 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A phase II study (PRIMMO) of patients with pretreated persistent/recurrent/metastatic cervical or endometrial cancer is presented. Patients received an immunomodulatory five-drug cocktail (IDC) consisting of low-dose cyclophosphamide, aspirin, lansoprazole, vitamin D, and curcumin starting 2 weeks before radioimmunotherapy. Pembrolizumab was administered three-weekly from day 15 onwards; one of the tumor lesions was irradiated (8Gyx3) on days 15, 17, and 19. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate per immune-related response criteria (irORR) at week 26 (a lower bound of the 90% confidence interval [CI] of > 10% was considered efficacious). The prespecified 43 patients (cervical, n = 18; endometrial, n = 25) were enrolled. The irORR was 11.1% (90% CI 2.0-31.0) in cervical cancer and 12.0% (90% CI 3.4-28.2) in endometrial cancer. Median duration of response was not reached in both cohorts. Median interval-censored progression-free survival was 4.1 weeks (95% CI 4.1-25.7) in cervical cancer and 3.6 weeks (95% CI 3.6-15.4) in endometrial cancer; median overall survival was 39.6 weeks (95% CI 15.0-67.0) and 37.4 weeks (95% CI 19.0-50.3), respectively. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events were reported in 10 (55.6%) cervical cancer patients and 9 (36.0%) endometrial cancer patients. Health-related quality of life was generally stable over time. Responders had a significantly higher proportion of peripheral T cells when compared to nonresponders (p = 0.013). In conclusion, PRIMMO did not meet its primary objective in both cohorts; pembrolizumab, radiotherapy, and an IDC had modest but durable antitumor activity with acceptable but not negligible toxicity.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03192059) and EudraCT Registry (number 2016-001569-97).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiel A. De Jaeghere
- Department of Medical Oncology (Route 535), Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sandra Tuyaerts
- Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory for Medical and Molecular Oncology (LMMO), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ann Belmans
- Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre (L-BioStat), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kris Bogaerts
- Biostatistics and Statistical Bioinformatics Centre (L-BioStat), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Regina Baiden-Amissah
- Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Lippens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vuylsteke
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain Namur (Sainte-Elisabeth), Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Henry
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Catholique de Louvain Namur (Sainte-Elisabeth), Namur, Belgium
| | - Xuan Bich Trinh
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Senology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Peter A. van Dam
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Senology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Centre Antwerp (MOCA), University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Aspeslagh
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alex De Caluwé
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Jules Bordet Institute, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, General Hospital Sint-Maarten, Mechlin, Belgium
| | - Eline Naert
- Department of Medical Oncology (Route 535), Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - An Hendrix
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier De Wever
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen K. Van de Vijver
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute and Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Amant
- Gynaecologic Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute and Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vandecasteele
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannelore G. Denys
- Department of Medical Oncology (Route 535), Ghent University Hospital, C. Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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19
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Miller KM, Friedman CF. Bifunctional Blockade: A Novel Immunotherapy Approach for Cervical Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:5238-5240. [PMID: 35947045 PMCID: PMC10018812 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SHR-1701, a bispecific fusion protein directed against PD-L1 and TGFβ, demonstrates promising clinical activity in advanced/recurrent cervical cancer. A recent study serves as a proof of principle that the TGFβ pathway may be successfully targeted, and that bispecific antibodies offer a novel therapeutic approach to do so. See related article by Feng et al., p. 5297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Miller
- Gynecology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Claire F Friedman
- Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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20
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A multicenter phase 2 trial of camrelizumab plus famitinib for women with recurrent or metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7581. [PMID: 36481736 PMCID: PMC9732039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase 2 study assesses the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) plus famitinib (anti-angiogenic agent) in women with pretreated recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03827837). Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed cervical squamous cell carcinoma experiencing relapse or progression during or after 1-2 lines of systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic disease are enrolled. Eligible patients receive camrelizumab 200 mg intravenously on day 1 of each 3-week cycle plus famitinib 20 mg orally once daily. The primary endpoint is the objective response rate. Secondary endpoints are duration of response, disease control rate, time to response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. The trial has met pre-specified endpoint. Thirty-three patients are enrolled; median follow-up lasts for 13.6 months (interquartile range: 10.0-23.6). Objective responses are observed in 13 (39.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.9-57.9) patients; the 12-month duration of response rate is 74.1% (95% CI: 39.1-90.9). Median progression-free survival is 10.3 months (95% CI: 3.5-not reached) and the 12-month overall survival rate is 77.7% (95% CI: 58.9-88.7). All patients experience treatment-related adverse events; grade ≥3 events occur in 26 (78.8%) patients. Treatment-related serious adverse events and deaths are observed in 9 (27.3%) and 2 (6.1%) patients, respectively. Camrelizumab plus famitinib shows promising antitumor activity with a manageable and tolerable safety profile in patients with pretreated recurrent or metastatic cervical squamous cell carcinoma. This combination may represent a treatment option for this population.
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21
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Reduced MHC Class I and II Expression in HPV-Negative vs. HPV-Positive Cervical Cancers. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233911. [PMID: 36497170 PMCID: PMC9741043 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated death in women. Although human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with nearly all CC, it has recently become clear that HPV-negative (HPV-) CC represents a distinct disease phenotype with increased mortality. HPV-positive (HPV+) and HPV- CC demonstrate different molecular pathology, prognosis, and response to treatment. Furthermore, CC caused by HPV α9 types (HPV16-like) often have better outcomes than those caused by HPV α7 types (HPV18-like). This study systematically and comprehensively compared the expression of genes involved in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II presentation within CC caused by HPV α9 types, HPV α7 types, and HPV- CC. We observed increased expression of MHC class I and II classical and non-classical genes in HPV+ CC and overall higher expression of genes involved in their antigen loading and presentation apparatus as well as transcriptional regulation. Increased expression of MHC I-related genes differs from previous studies using cell culture models. These findings identify crucial differences between antigen presentation within the tumor immune microenvironments of HPV+ and HPV- CC, as well as modest differences between HPV α9 and α7 CC. These differences may contribute to the altered patient outcomes and responses to immunotherapy observed between these distinct cancers.
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22
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Liu Y, Zhang N, Xie C, Jiang Y, Qin Y, Zhou L, Fan Y, Ren L, Yin C, Yang H, Xie W, Zhai Q, Li G, Chen H, Chen X. Evolution of drug regulations and regulatory innovation for anticancer drugs in China. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4365-4377. [PMID: 36561995 PMCID: PMC9764065 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, China has introduced significant changes to drug regulations through regulatory innovations to accelerate drug review and approvals, keeping in line with the rapidly growing scientific innovation in drug research and development (R&D). In this study, we outlined the revolution of drug regulation in China since the establishment of the State Drug Administration in 1998. More particularly, we performed a comprehensive analysis of newly approved anticancer drugs in China from the year 2005 to May 2021, as a powerful illustration of how the revolution has changed the drug R&D landscape. Innovative drug development in China has boomed, benefiting in particular from pro-innovation policies as well as expedited program designations by the authority. We found a significant increase in the number of both imported and domestic new anticancer drugs from 2005 to 2021, with the emergence of drugs with novel mechanisms of action, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and cell therapy products. Drug lag has also been dramatically shortened by more than 70% for imported drugs in years 2016-2020 compared to years 2006-2010. Furthermore, we provide an insight into the potential approaches to further optimize the science-based and clinical value-based regulatory and R&D drug ecosystem in China. This review provides evidence of significant impacts of regulations and policies on drug R&D and suggests that the constantly adapting regulatory ecosystem will speed up drug development in China and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Tsinghua Clinical Research Institute (TCRI), School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Cuicui Xie
- Pharmcube (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yale Jiang
- Tsinghua Clinical Research Institute (TCRI), School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunhe Qin
- Pharmcube (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Liyun Zhou
- Pharmcube (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Lianjie Ren
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Chen Yin
- Tsinghua Clinical Research Institute (TCRI), School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Pharmcube (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100102, China
| | - Qing Zhai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guanqiao Li
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China,Corresponding authors.
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Tsinghua Clinical Research Institute (TCRI), School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China,Office of Clinical Trial Institute, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing 102218, China,Corresponding authors.
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23
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Pretreatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Lactate Dehydrogenase Predict the Prognosis of Metastatic Cervical Cancer Treated with Combination Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1828473. [PMID: 36304986 PMCID: PMC9596258 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1828473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors have considerably changed the treatment paradigm for metastatic cervical cancer; nonetheless, only a proportion of patients achieve a durable response. Therefore, exploring the predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response is of crucial importance. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive and prognostic value of hematological parameters in patients with metastatic cervical cancer treated with combination immunotherapy. Methods Clinical data of patients with metastatic cervical cancer treated with combination immunotherapy between June 2019 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the cut-off values of continuous variables, and binary logistic analysis was conducted to compare the treatment response between groups. The Kaplan–Meier method was applied for survival analysis. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS). Results Seventy patients were included in this study. The cut-off values for the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were 5.33 and 195.00 U/L, respectively. High pretreatment NLR (≥5.33) was correlated with decreased objective response rate (53.19% vs. 78.26%, p = 0.048). The survival analysis revealed that high pretreatment NLR (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.401, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.151–5.009, p = 0.020) and LDH level (HR = 1.987, 95% CI: 1.029–3.835, p = 0.041) were independent prognostic factors associated with short PFS. Conclusions Our study suggested that high pretreatment NLR and LDH values were independently correlated with poor survival in patients with metastatic cervical cancer treated with combination immunotherapy. Pretreatment NLR and LDH values could serve as potential biomarkers that may aid in the selection of patients who would benefit from combination immunotherapy. Further prospective studies investigating the prognostic value of NLR and LDH are warranted. Trial registration number: UHCT22008.
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24
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Capistrano I R, Paul S, Boere I, Pantziarka P, Chopra S, Nout RA, Bouche G. Drug repurposing as a potential source of innovative therapies in cervical cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022; 32:ijgc-2022-003585. [PMID: 36137575 PMCID: PMC9664115 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2022-003585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug repurposing is an alternative development pathway that utilizes the properties of drugs approved for other diseases and builds on available safety and pharmacological data to develop the drug as a potential treatment for other diseases. A literature-based approach was performed to identify drug repurposing opportunities in cervical cancer to inform future research and trials. METHODS We queried PubMed for each drug included in two databases (ReDO_DB and CDcervix_DB, which include 300+ non-cancer drugs and 200+ cancer drugs not used in cervical cancer, respectively) and manually assessed all abstracts for relevance and activity in cervix cancer, and type of evidence. Subsequently, we also performed a search of clinical trial databases where we generated a list of registered trials in cervical cancer with all drugs from our databases. RESULTS Of the 534 drugs from both databases, 174 (33%) had at least one relevant abstract or registered trial in cervical cancer. 94 (18%) drugs had at least human data available, and 52 (10%) drugs were evaluated in registered trials. To prioritize drugs to consider for future trials, all 174 drugs were further assessed for strength of scientific rationale, feasibility for integration in cervical cancer standard of care, evidence of radiosensitization, and potential mechanism of action. Out of the 174 drugs, 38 (22%) potential drug candidates were selected. CONCLUSION This study resulted in a list of candidate drugs for potential evaluation in cervical cancer. Many drugs might warrant additional (pre)clinical investigation, which could be done in a coordinated manner using platform trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonz Paul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Ingrid Boere
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pan Pantziarka
- Anticancer Fund, Meise, Belgium
- The George Pantziarka TP53 Trust, London, UK
| | - Supriya Chopra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Remi A Nout
- Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Gennigens C, Jerusalem G, Lapaille L, De Cuypere M, Streel S, Kridelka F, Ray-Coquard I. Recurrent or primary metastatic cervical cancer: current and future treatments. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100579. [PMID: 36108558 PMCID: PMC9588874 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite screening programs for early detection and the approval of human papillomavirus vaccines, around 6% of women with cervical cancer (CC) are discovered with primary metastatic disease. Moreover, one-third of the patients receiving chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy for locally advanced disease will have a recurrence. At the end, the vast majority of recurrent or metastatic CC not amenable to locoregional treatments are considered incurable disease with very poor prognosis. Historically, cisplatin monotherapy, then a combination of cisplatin and paclitaxel were considered the standard of care. Ten years ago, the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy demonstrated favorable data in terms of response rate and overall survival. Even with this improvement, novel therapies are needed for the treatment of recurrent CC in first as well as later lines. In the last decades, a better understanding of the interactions between human papillomavirus infection and the host immune system response has focused interest on the use of immunotherapeutic drugs in CC patients. Indeed, immune checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, cemiplimab, and others) have recently emerged as novel therapeutic pillars that could provide durable responses with impact on overall survival in patients in the primary (in addition to chemotherapy) or recurrent (monotherapy) settings. Tisotumab vedotin, an antibody–drug conjugate targeting the tissue factor, is another emerging drug. Several trials in monotherapy or in combination with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or bevacizumab showed very promising results. There is a high need for more potent biomarkers to better accurately determine which patients would receive the greatest benefit from all these aforementioned drugs, but also to identify patients with specific molecular characteristics that could benefit from other targeted therapies. The Cancer Genome Atlas Research Network identified several genes significantly mutated, potentially targetable. These molecular data have highlighted the molecular heterogeneity of CC. The majority of recurrent or metastatic CCs are considered incurable disease. Combination of chemotherapy with bevacizumab and pembrolizumab (PD-L1 CPS ≥1) is the new standard of care in first line. Tisotumab vedotin, an antibody–drug conjugate targeting the tissue factor, is another emerging drug. Need for more potent biomarkers to accurately determine which patients would receive the greatest benefit from these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gennigens
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - G Jerusalem
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - L Lapaille
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - M De Cuypere
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - S Streel
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - F Kridelka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - I Ray-Coquard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
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26
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Review of the Standard and Advanced Screening, Staging Systems and Treatment Modalities for Cervical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122913. [PMID: 35740578 PMCID: PMC9220913 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review discusses the timeline and development of the recommended screening tests, diagnosis system, and therapeutics implemented in clinics for precancer and cancer of the uterine cervix. The incorporation of the latest automation, machine learning modules, and state-of-the-art technologies into these aspects are also discussed. Abstract Cancer arising from the uterine cervix is the fourth most common cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Almost 90% of cervical cancer mortality has occurred in low- and middle-income countries. One of the major aetiologies contributing to cervical cancer is the persistent infection by the cancer-causing types of the human papillomavirus. The disease is preventable if the premalignant lesion is detected early and managed effectively. In this review, we outlined the standard guidelines that have been introduced and implemented worldwide for decades, including the cytology, the HPV detection and genotyping, and the immunostaining of surrogate markers. In addition, the staging system used to classify the premalignancy and malignancy of the uterine cervix, as well as the safety and efficacy of the various treatment modalities in clinical trials for cervical cancers, are also discussed. In this millennial world, the advancements in computer-aided technology, including robotic modules and artificial intelligence (AI), are also incorporated into the screening, diagnostic, and treatment platforms. These innovations reduce the dependence on specialists and technologists, as well as the work burden and time incurred for sample processing. However, concerns over the practicality of these advancements remain, due to the high cost, lack of flexibility, and the judgment of a trained professional that is currently not replaceable by a machine.
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Mutlu L, Tymon-Rosario J, Harold J, Menderes G. Targeted treatment options for the management of metastatic/persistent and recurrent cervical cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2022; 22:633-645. [PMID: 35533682 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2022.2075348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cervical cancer is the overall fourth most common malignancy and the fourth most common cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Despite vaccination and screening programs, many women continue to present with advanced stage cervical cancer, wherein the treatment options have been limited. AREAS COVERED In this review, immunotherapy and the potential targeted therapies that have demonstrated promise in the treatment of persistent, recurrent, and metastatic cervical cancer are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Our global goal in the gynecologic oncology community is to eliminate cervical cancer, by increasing the uptake of preventive vaccination and screening programs. For unfortunate patients who present with metastatic, persistent, and recurrent cervical cancer, pembrolizumab with chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab is the new first line therapy for PD-L1 positive patients. For this patient population as a second line therapy, tisotumab vedotin (i.e. ADC) has shown significant efficacy in Phase II trials, leading to FDA approval. Combination regimens inclusive of immune checkpoint inhibitors, DNA damage repair inhibitors, antibody drug conjugates are potential breakthrough treatment strategies and are currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Mutlu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University, School of Medicine
| | - Joan Tymon-Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University, School of Medicine
| | - Justin Harold
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University, School of Medicine
| | - Gulden Menderes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Smilow Cancer Hospital, Yale University, School of Medicine
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28
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Monk BJ, Enomoto T, Kast WM, McCormack M, Tan DSP, Wu X, González-Martín A. Integration of immunotherapy into treatment of cervical cancer: Recent data and ongoing trials. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 106:102385. [PMID: 35413489 PMCID: PMC10697630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer constitutes a significant health burden for women globally. While most patients with early-stage disease can be cured with radical surgery or chemoradiotherapy, patients with high-risk locally advanced disease or with recurrent/metastatic disease have a poor prognosis with standard treatments. Immunotherapies are a rational treatment for this HPV-driven cancer that commonly expresses programmed cell death ligand-1. Before 2021, pembrolizumab was the only United States Food and Drug Administration-approved immunotherapy in cervical cancer, specifically for the second-line recurrent or metastatic (r/m) setting. In late 2021, the antibody-drug conjugate tisotumab vedotin was approved for second-line r/m cervical cancer and pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy ± bevacizumab was approved for first-line r/m disease based on results from KEYNOTE-826. Moreover, with at least 2 dozen additional immunotherapy clinical trials in the second-line and first-line r/m setting, as well as in locally advanced disease, the treatment landscape for cervical cancer may eventually encounter a potential paradigm shift. Pivotal trials of immunotherapies for cervical cancer that were recently approved or with the potential for regulatory consideration through 2024 are reviewed. As immunotherapy has the opportunity to establish new standards of care in the treatment of cervical cancers, new biomarkers to identify the ideal patient populations for these therapies may also become important. However, issues with access, affordability, and compliance in low- and middle-income countries are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley J Monk
- HonorHealth Research Institute, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | - W Martin Kast
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Mary McCormack
- Department of Oncology, University College Hospital London, London NW1 2BU, UK.
| | - David S P Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, NUHS Tower Block, Level 7, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong-an Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Antonio González-Martín
- Medical Oncology Department, University of Navarra Clinic, 28027 Madrid, Spain; Program for Translational Research in Solid Tumors at Center for Applied Medical Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Burmeister CA, Khan SF, Schäfer G, Mbatani N, Adams T, Moodley J, Prince S. Cervical cancer therapies: current challenges and future perspectives. Tumour Virus Res 2022; 13:200238. [PMID: 35460940 PMCID: PMC9062473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2022.200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common female cancer worldwide and results in over 300 000 deaths globally. The causative agent of cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk subtypes of the human papillomavirus and the E5, E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins cooperate with host factors to induce and maintain the malignant phenotype. Cervical cancer is a largely preventable disease and early-stage detection is associated with significantly improved survival rates. Indeed, in high-income countries with established vaccination and screening programs it is a rare disease. However, the disease is a killer for women in low- and middle-income countries who, due to limited resources, often present with advanced and untreatable disease. Treatment options include surgical interventions, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy either alone or in combination. This review describes the initiation and progression of cervical cancer and discusses in depth the advantages and challenges faced by current cervical cancer therapies, followed by a discussion of promising and efficacious new therapies to treat cervical cancer including immunotherapies, targeted therapies, combination therapies, and genetic treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Burmeister
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Saif F Khan
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Georgia Schäfer
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa; Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Nomonde Mbatani
- South African Medical Research Council Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Cape Town,Observatory. Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracey Adams
- South African Medical Research Council Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Faculty of Health Sciences. University of Cape Town,Observatory. Cape Town, South Africa; UCT Global Surgery, Department of Surgery, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Moodley
- Women's Health Research Unit, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town; Observatory, Cape, Town, South Africa; Cancer Research Initiative, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town; Observatory, Cape, Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Turinetto M, Valsecchi AA, Tuninetti V, Scotto G, Borella F, Valabrega G. Immunotherapy for Cervical Cancer: Are We Ready for Prime Time? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073559. [PMID: 35408919 PMCID: PMC8999051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of invasive cervical cancer (CC) remains poor, with a treatment approach that has remained the same for several decades. Lately, a better understanding of the interactions between the disease and the host immune system has allowed researchers to focus on the employment of immune therapy in various clinical settings. The most advanced strategy is immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with numerous phase II and III trials recently concluded with very encouraging results, assessing single agent therapy, combinations with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Apart from ICIs, several other compounds have gained the spotlight. Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) due to their highly selective tumoricidal effect and manageable adverse effect profile have received the FDA’s Breakthrough Therapy designation in 2019. The antibody drug conjugate (ADC) Tisotumab-Vedotin has shown activity in metastatic CC relapsed after at least one line of chemotherapy, with a phase III trial currently actively enrolling patients. Moreover, the deeper understanding of the ever-changing immune landscape of CC carcinogenesis has resulted in the development of active therapeutic vaccines. This review highlights the different immunotherapeutic strategies being explored reflects on what role immunotherapy might have in therapeutic algorithms of CC and addresses the role of predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Turinetto
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy; (A.A.V.); (V.T.); (G.S.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna A. Valsecchi
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy; (A.A.V.); (V.T.); (G.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Valentina Tuninetti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy; (A.A.V.); (V.T.); (G.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Giulia Scotto
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy; (A.A.V.); (V.T.); (G.S.); (G.V.)
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10100 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Valabrega
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, 10128 Turin, Italy; (A.A.V.); (V.T.); (G.S.); (G.V.)
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Birrer MJ, Fujiwara K, Oaknin A, Randall L, Ojalvo LS, Valencia C, Ray-Coquard I. The Changing Landscape of Systemic Treatment for Cervical Cancer: Rationale for Inhibition of the TGF-β and PD-L1 Pathways. Front Oncol 2022; 12:814169. [PMID: 35280818 PMCID: PMC8905681 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.814169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the most common and lethal cancers among women worldwide. Treatment options are limited in patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer, with <20% of women living >5 years. Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated in almost all cases of cervical cancer. HPV infection not only causes normal cervical cells to transform into cancer cells, but also creates an immunosuppressive environment for cancer cells to evade the immune system. Recent clinical trials of drugs targeting the PD-(L)1 pathway have demonstrated improvement in overall survival in patients with cervical cancer, but only 20% to 30% of patients show overall survival benefit beyond 2 years, and resistance to these treatments remains common. Therefore, novel treatment strategies targeting HPV infection-associated factors are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. Bintrafusp alfa is a first-in-class bifunctional fusion protein composed of the extracellular domain of the TGF-βRII receptor (a TGF-β "trap") fused to a human immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that blocks PD-L1. Early clinical trials of bintrafusp alfa have shown promising results in patients with advanced cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Birrer
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas Medical School, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ana Oaknin
- Gynaecological Cancer Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leslie Randall
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Laureen S Ojalvo
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Christian Valencia
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Isabelle Ray-Coquard
- GINECO Group & Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Leon Berard, University Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France
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O'Malley DM, Neffa M, Monk BJ, Melkadze T, Huang M, Kryzhanivska A, Bulat I, Meniawy TM, Bagameri A, Wang EW, Doger de Speville Uribe B, Hegg R, Ortuzar Feliu W, Ancukiewicz M, Lugowska I. Dual PD-1 and CTLA-4 Checkpoint Blockade Using Balstilimab and Zalifrelimab Combination as Second-Line Treatment for Advanced Cervical Cancer: An Open-Label Phase II Study. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:762-771. [PMID: 34932394 PMCID: PMC8887945 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Balstilimab (antiprogrammed death-1) and zalifrelimab (anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4) are two new checkpoint inhibitors emerging as promising investigational agents for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. This phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03495882) evaluated the combination of balstilimab plus zalifrelimab in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic cervical cancer who relapsed after prior platinum-based therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were intravenously dosed with balstilimab 3 mg/kg once every 2 weeks and zalifrelimab 1 mg/kg once every 6 weeks, for up to 24 months. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR, RECIST version 1.1, assessed by independent central review). Secondary end points included duration of response, safety and tolerability, and survival. RESULTS In total, 155 women (median age, 50 years [range, 24-76 years]) were enrolled and treated with balstilimab plus zalifrelimab; 125 patients had measurable disease at baseline and one prior line of platinum-based therapy in the advanced setting, and these patients constituted the efficacy-evaluable population. The median follow-up was 21 months. The confirmed ORR was 25.6% (95% CI, 18.8 to 33.9), including 10 complete responders and 22 partial responders, with median duration of response not reached (86.5%, 75.5%, and 64.2% at 6, 9, and 12 months, respectively). The ORRs were 32.8% and 9.1% in patients with programmed death ligand-1-positive and programmed death ligand-1-negative tumors, respectively. For patients with squamous cell carcinoma, the ORR was 32.6%. The overall disease control rate was 52% (95% CI, 43.3 to 60.6). Hypothyroidism (14.2%) and hyperthyroidism (7.1%) were the most common immune-mediated adverse events. CONCLUSION Promising and durable clinical activity, with favorable tolerability, was seen in this largest trial to date evaluating dual programmed death-1/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 blockade in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic cervical cancer. Further investigation of the balstilimab and zalifrelimab combination in this setting is continuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. O'Malley
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, The Ohio State University/James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH,David M. O'Malley, MD, The Ohio State University and James Comprehensive Cancer Center, 320 W 10th St, Columbus, OH 43210; e-mail: David.O'
| | - Maryna Neffa
- CI of Healthcare Regional Clinical Specialized Dispensary of the Radiation Protection, Kharvik, Ukraine
| | - Bradley J. Monk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Arizona Oncology (US Oncology Network), University of Arizona, Creighton University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Tamar Melkadze
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Marilyn Huang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Miami School of Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, FL
| | - Anna Kryzhanivska
- Regional Clinical Oncology Center, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
| | - Iurie Bulat
- ARENSIA Exploratory Medicine Unit, Institute of Oncology, Chisinau, Moldova
| | | | | | - Edward W. Wang
- Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Roberto Hegg
- Clínica de Pesquisa e Centro de Estudos em Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Iwona Lugowska
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Unit of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
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Xu Q, Wang J, Sun Y, Lin Y, Liu J, Zhuo Y, Huang Z, Huang S, Chen Y, Chen L, Ke M, Li L, Li Z, Pan J, Song Y, Liu R, Chen C. Efficacy and Safety of Sintilimab Plus Anlotinib for PD-L1-Positive Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical Cancer: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Prospective Phase II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:1795-1805. [PMID: 35192397 PMCID: PMC9148684 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
No combined immunotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy have been investigated in exclusively programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)–positive advanced cervical cancer (CA). We investigated the efficacy and safety of sintilimab plus anlotinib as second-line or later therapy for PD-L1–positive recurrent or metastatic (R/M) CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xu
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yibin Lin
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanhong Zhuo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhangzhou Hospital, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhangzhou Huang
- Departments of Physicians, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Songhua Huang
- Department of Oncology, Sanming Second Hospital, Yongan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Meifang Ke
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zirong Li
- Deparment of Radiation Oncology, Longyan First Hospital, Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan, Fujian Province, China
| | - Junping Pan
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanwen Song
- Departments of Gynecology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Rongqiang Liu
- Department of Radiation, Nanping First Hospital, Yanping District, Nanping, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuanben Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Jinan District, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Rafael TS, Rotman J, Brouwer OR, van der Poel HG, Mom CH, Kenter GG, de Gruijl TD, Jordanova ES. Immunotherapeutic Approaches for the Treatment of HPV-Associated (Pre-)Cancer of the Cervix, Vulva and Penis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041101. [PMID: 35207374 PMCID: PMC8876514 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives tumorigenesis in almost all cervical cancers and a fraction of vulvar and penile cancers. Due to increasing incidence and low vaccination rates, many will still have to face HPV-related morbidity and mortality in the upcoming years. Current treatment options (i.e., surgery and/or chemoradiation) for urogenital (pre-)malignancies can have profound psychosocial and psychosexual effects on patients. Moreover, in the setting of advanced disease, responses to current therapies remain poor and nondurable, highlighting the unmet need for novel therapies that prevent recurrent disease and improve clinical outcome. Immunotherapy can be a useful addition to the current therapeutic strategies in various settings of disease, offering relatively fewer adverse effects and potential improvement in survival. This review discusses immune evasion mechanisms accompanying HPV infection and HPV-related tumorigenesis and summarizes current immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of HPV-related (pre-)malignant lesions of the uterine cervix, vulva, and penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tynisha S. Rafael
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Jossie Rotman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Oscar R. Brouwer
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Henk G. van der Poel
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
| | - Constantijne H. Mom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Gemma G. Kenter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
| | - Tanja D. de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ekaterina S. Jordanova
- Department of Urology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.S.R.); (O.R.B.); (H.G.v.d.P.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Gynecological Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.R.); (C.H.M.); (G.G.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Manrriquez EN, Zakhour M, Salani R. Precision medicine for cervical cancer. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2022; 34:1-5. [PMID: 34596094 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the data on precision medicine for cervical cancer including the use of potential biomarkers. We also review ongoing areas of research in cervical cancer therapeutics. RECENT FINDINGS In the current clinical practice, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is used to select patients with cervical cancer for treatment with checkpoint inhibitors. However, more recently presented data suggest that PD-L1 may not be a fully accurate biomarker for selection and further analysis is warranted. With the publication of the molecular landscape of cervical cancer, tumor profile-based therapy selection is of greater interest (i.e. targeting PI3K and HER2). SUMMARY In this review, we discuss the role of potential biomarkers for cervical cancer that may assist with the selection of precision therapies. Enrolling patients on active clinical trials will help clarify the role of targeting specific mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N Manrriquez
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Pirš B, Škof E, Smrkolj V, Smrkolj Š. Overview of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Gynecological Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030631. [PMID: 35158899 PMCID: PMC8833536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, cancer treatment has been revolutionized by introduction of immunotherapy—drugs that target body’s immune system to attack cancer. Most clinically used drugs stop the mechanisms that dampen immune response. These drugs are called immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). ICIs in gynecological cancers are most effective for treating uterine endometrial cancer, but less so far ovarian, uterine cervical or vulvar cancer. However, combining ICIs with other drugs has yielded good results in some studies in these cancers. Stopping mechanisms that dampen immune response can produce severe side effects, as has been seen with the use of ICIs. Therefore, selection of patients that would benefit the most from ICI therapy is of paramount importance. This can be done by analysing tumour characteristics either by looking at protein expression, genetic changes and even constitution of faecal microbiota, these properties are called biomarkers. It is not entirely known which biomarkers predict response most accurately, and this varies by cancer type. In this article, we review mechanisms of action of ICIs, selected biomarkers and latest clinical trials of ICIs in gynecological cancers. Abstract In the last ten years, clinical oncology has been revolutionized by the introduction of oncological immunotherapy, mainly in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) that transformed the standard of care of several advanced solid malignancies. Using ICIs for advanced gynecological cancers has yielded good results, especially for endometrial cancer. In ovarian or cervical cancer, combining ICIs with other established agents has shown some promise. Concurrently with the clinical development of ICIs, biomarkers that predict responses to such therapy have been discovered and used in clinical trials. The translation of these biomarkers to clinical practice was somewhat hampered by lacking assay standardization and non-comprehensive reporting of biomarker status in trials often performed on a small number of gynecological cancer patients. We can expect increased use of ICIs combined with other agents in gynecological cancer in the near future. This will create a need for reliable response prediction tools, which we believe will be based on biomarker, clinical, and tumor characteristics. In this article, we review the basic biology of ICIs and response prediction biomarkers, as well as the latest clinical trials that focus on subgroup effectiveness based on biomarker status in gynecological cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boštjan Pirš
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (E.Š.); (V.S.)
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Erik Škof
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (E.Š.); (V.S.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Smrkolj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (E.Š.); (V.S.)
| | - Špela Smrkolj
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (E.Š.); (V.S.)
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Schmidt MW, Battista MJ, Schmidt M, Garcia M, Siepmann T, Hasenburg A, Anic K. Efficacy and Safety of Immunotherapy for Cervical Cancer—A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020441. [PMID: 35053603 PMCID: PMC8773848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To systematically review the current body of evidence on the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for cervical cancer (CC). Material and Methods: Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science were searched for prospective trials assessing immunotherapy in CC patients in compliance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Full-text articles in English and German reporting outcomes of survival, response rates or safety were eligible. Results: Of 4655 screened studies, 51 were included (immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) n=20; therapeutic vaccines n = 25; adoptive cell transfer therapy n=9). Of these, one qualified as a phase III randomized controlled trial and demonstrated increased overall survival following treatment with pembrolizumab, chemotherapy and bevacizumab. A minority of studies included a control group (n = 7) or more than 50 patients (n = 15). Overall, response rates were low to moderate. No response to ICIs was seen in PD-L1 negative patients. However, few remarkable results were achieved in heavily pretreated patients. There were no safety concerns in any of the included studies. Conclusion: Strong evidence on the efficacy of strategies to treat recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer is currently limited to pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy and bevacizumab, which substantiates an urgent need for large confirmatory trials on alternative immunotherapies. Overall, there is sound evidence on the safety of immunotherapy in CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona W. Schmidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.J.B.); (M.S.); (A.H.); (K.A.)
- Division of Health Care Sciences Center for Clinical Research and Management Education Dresden, Dresden International University, 01067 Dresden, Germany; (M.G.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-0
| | - Marco J. Battista
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.J.B.); (M.S.); (A.H.); (K.A.)
| | - Marcus Schmidt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.J.B.); (M.S.); (A.H.); (K.A.)
| | - Monique Garcia
- Division of Health Care Sciences Center for Clinical Research and Management Education Dresden, Dresden International University, 01067 Dresden, Germany; (M.G.); (T.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais (PUC MG), Betim 32604-115, Brazil
| | - Timo Siepmann
- Division of Health Care Sciences Center for Clinical Research and Management Education Dresden, Dresden International University, 01067 Dresden, Germany; (M.G.); (T.S.)
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annette Hasenburg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.J.B.); (M.S.); (A.H.); (K.A.)
| | - Katharina Anic
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (M.J.B.); (M.S.); (A.H.); (K.A.)
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Immuno-Oncology for Gynecologic Malignancies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1342:193-232. [PMID: 34972966 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79308-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced and/or recurrent gynecologic cancers derive limited benefit from currently available cytotoxic and targeted therapies. Successes of immunotherapy in other difficult-to-treat malignancies such as metastatic melanoma and advanced lung cancer have led to intense interest in clinical testing of these treatments in patients with gynecologic cancers. Currently, in the realm of gynecologic oncology, the FDA-approved use of immune checkpoint inhibitors is limited to microsatellite instability-high cancers, cancers with high tumor mutational burden, and PD-L1-positive cervical cancer. However, there has been an exponential growth of clinical trials testing immunotherapy approaches both alone and in combination with chemotherapy and/or targeted agents in patients with gynecologic cancers. This chapter will review some of the major reported and ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials in patients with endometrial, cervical, and epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Colombo N, Dubot C, Lorusso D, Caceres MV, Hasegawa K, Shapira-Frommer R, Tewari KS, Salman P, Hoyos Usta E, Yañez E, Gümüş M, Olivera Hurtado de Mendoza M, Samouëlian V, Castonguay V, Arkhipov A, Toker S, Li K, Keefe SM, Monk BJ. Pembrolizumab for Persistent, Recurrent, or Metastatic Cervical Cancer. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:1856-1867. [PMID: 34534429 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2112435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pembrolizumab has efficacy in programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive metastatic or unresectable cervical cancer that has progressed during chemotherapy. We assessed the relative benefit of adding pembrolizumab to chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. METHODS In a double-blind, phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer in a 1:1 ratio to receive pembrolizumab (200 mg) or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles plus platinum-based chemotherapy and, per investigator discretion, bevacizumab. The dual primary end points were progression-free survival and overall survival, each tested sequentially in patients with a PD-L1 combined positive score of 1 or more, in the intention-to-treat population, and in patients with a PD-L1 combined positive score of 10 or more. The combined positive score is defined as the number of PD-L1-staining cells divided by the total number of viable tumor cells, multiplied by 100. All results are from the protocol-specified first interim analysis. RESULTS In 548 patients with a PD-L1 combined positive score of 1 or more, median progression-free survival was 10.4 months in the pembrolizumab group and 8.2 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.50 to 0.77; P<0.001). In 617 patients in the intention-to-treat population, progression-free survival was 10.4 months and 8.2 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.79; P<0.001). In 317 patients with a PD-L1 combined positive score of 10 or more, progression-free survival was 10.4 months and 8.1 months, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.77; P<0.001). Overall survival at 24 months was 53.0% in the pembrolizumab group and 41.7% in the placebo group (hazard ratio for death, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.81; P<0.001), 50.4% and 40.4% (hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.84; P<0.001), and 54.4% and 44.6% (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.84; P = 0.001), respectively. The most common grade 3 to 5 adverse events were anemia (30.3% in the pembrolizumab group and 26.9% in the placebo group) and neutropenia (12.4% and 9.7%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Progression-free and overall survival were significantly longer with pembrolizumab than with placebo among patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer who were also receiving chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab. (Funded by Merck Sharp and Dohme; KEYNOTE-826 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03635567.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Colombo
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Coraline Dubot
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Domenica Lorusso
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - M Valeria Caceres
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Kosei Hasegawa
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Ronnie Shapira-Frommer
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Krishnansu S Tewari
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Pamela Salman
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Edwin Hoyos Usta
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Eduardo Yañez
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Mahmut Gümüş
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Mivael Olivera Hurtado de Mendoza
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Vanessa Samouëlian
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Vincent Castonguay
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Alexander Arkhipov
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Sarper Toker
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Kan Li
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Stephen M Keefe
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
| | - Bradley J Monk
- From the University of Milan-Bicocca and European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan (N.C.), and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome (D.L.) - both in Italy; Institut Curie Saint-Cloud, Group d'Investigateurs Nationaux pour l'Etude des Cancers Ovariens, Saint-Cloud, France (C.D.); Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo, Buenos Aires (M.V.C.); Saitama Medical University International Medical Center, Hidaka, Japan (K.H.); Ella Lemelbaum Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel (R.S.-F.); the University of California, Irvine, Orange (K.S.T.); Oncovida Cancer Center, Providencia (P.S.), and Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco (E.Y.) - both in Chile; IMAT (Instituto Médico de Alta Tecnología) Oncomedica, Monteria, Colombia (E.H.U.); Istanbul Medeniyet University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey (M.G.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (M.O.H.M.); Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Centre de Recherche de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montreal (V.S.), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Quebec (V.C.) - both in Quebec, Canada; the Medical Rehabilitation Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow (A.A.); Merck, Kenilworth, NJ (S.T., K.L., S.M.K.); and Arizona Oncology (U.S. Oncology Network), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Creighton University School of Medicine, Phoenix (B.J.M.)
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40
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Walsh RJ, Tan DSP. The Role of Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Cervical Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194523. [PMID: 34640541 PMCID: PMC8509251 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains one of the most common cancers in women around the world however therapeutic options in the advanced and recurrent setting are limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been considered an attractive option given the viral etiology of cervical cancer although the majority of patients do not benefit from their use. This review summarises current knowledge and use of immune checkpoint blockade in cervical cancer as well as discussing the challenges faced in their clinical application, namely, the role of biomarker-driven ICI use, potential mechanisms of resistance, strategies to overcome such resistance and additional immunotherapy options beyond ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Walsh
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - David S. P. Tan
- National University Cancer Institute, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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41
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Shieh KR, Huang A, Xu Y. Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment in Advanced Cervical Cancer and Biomarker Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:669587. [PMID: 34458284 PMCID: PMC8387671 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.669587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy or immuno-oncology (IO) treatment in refractory cervical cancer yielded an objective response rate (ORR) of 12% in tumors expressing the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) in the KEYNOTE-158 phase II study. We hypothesized that the positive response might be associated with the level of PD-L1 expression and/or the tumor mutation burden (TMB). We also aimed to analyze if responses could be associated with platinum sensitivity. Methods: This is a retrospective study of all consecutive patients with cervical cancer who received pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Results: Ten patients were identified. Median age was 64.5 years old (range 48-80). The response rate was 70% and the median duration of response was 21.0 months (range 1.8-26.7) after 20.7 months of follow-up (range 2.0-31.0). The response rate was 80% in patients with PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 10, and 75% in patients with tumor mutation burden (TMB) ≥ 10 mut/Mb. The mean progression-free survival (PFS) for the entire cohort was 20.2 months (95% CI 12.0-28.5). Seven patients had treatment for >12 months (range 14.6-31.0). Five patients were platinum-sensitive and 5 patients were platinum-resistant at the time of immunotherapy, and the response rate was similar regardless of platinum sensitivity. Conclusions: The positive response to IO treatment in advanced cervical cancer in this study was higher than published, and a possible association with the level of PD-L1 expression and the TMB level was suggested. A PD-L1 CPS score ≥ 10 or TMB ≥ 10 may be biomarkers to correlate with response, which should be explored in large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R. Shieh
- Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Anna Huang
- Comparative Effectiveness Outcomes Research, Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States
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42
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Shamseddine AA, Burman B, Lee NY, Zamarin D, Riaz N. Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy for HPV-Related Cancers. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:1896-1912. [PMID: 33990345 PMCID: PMC8338882 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection drives tumorigenesis in the majority of cervical, oropharyngeal, anal, and vulvar cancers. Genetic and epidemiologic evidence has highlighted the role of immunosuppression in the oncogenesis of HPV-related malignancies. Here we review how HPV modulates the immune microenvironment and subsequent therapeutic implications. We describe the landscape of immunotherapies for these cancers with a focus on findings from early-phase studies exploring antigen-specific treatments, and discuss future directions. Although responses across these studies have been modest to date, a deeper understanding of HPV-related tumor biology and immunology may prove instrumental for the development of more efficacious immunotherapeutic approaches. SIGNIFICANCE: HPV modulates the microenvironment to create a protumorigenic state of immune suppression and evasion. Our understanding of these mechanisms has led to the development of immunomodulatory treatments that have shown early clinical promise in patients with HPV-related malignancies. This review summarizes our current understanding of the interactions of HPV and its microenvironment and provides insight into the progress and challenges of developing immunotherapies for HPV-related malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf A Shamseddine
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bharat Burman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nancy Y Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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43
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Lima J, Ali Z, Banerjee S. Immunotherapy and Systemic Therapy in Metastatic/Recurrent Endometrial and Cervical Cancers. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:608-615. [PMID: 34312021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of gynaecological malignancies, both recurrent endometrial and cervical cancers when not amenable to localised therapy (surgery or radiotherapy), remain incurable with limited prognosis and effective treatment options. Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for women with metastatic endometrial or cervical cancers. The addition of bevacizumab to first-line chemotherapy for metastatic cervical cancer patients represents a significant step forward in improving survival. More recently, immunotherapeutic strategies targeting the PD-1/-L1 pathway have shown clinical activity in both endometrial and cervical cancers. The increased understanding of the molecular biology of these cancers is shaping target-specific treatments. Here we summarise current treatment options and results from clinical trials of immunotherapy and other targeted therapies that have already changed, or have the potential to change, clinical practice in metastatic/recurrent endometrial and cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lima
- The Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Z Ali
- The Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Banerjee
- The Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
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44
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Crusz SM, El-Shakankery K, Miller RE. Targeting HPV in gynaecological cancers - Current status, ongoing challenges and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 16:1745506520961709. [PMID: 33296284 PMCID: PMC7731692 DOI: 10.1177/1745506520961709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of preventive vaccination, the Human Papilloma Virus still accounts for 266,000 deaths annually, as the main causative factor of cervical, vaginal, anal, penile and oropharyngeal cancers. Human Papilloma Virus infects epithelial cells, driving tumourigenesis primarily from incorporation of DNA into the host cellular genome. Translation of two particular Human Papilloma Virus-specific oncoproteins, E6 and E7, are the key drivers of malignancy. If diagnosed early cervical, vaginal and vulval cancers have good prognosis and are treated with curative intent. However, metastatic disease carries a poor prognosis, with first-line systemic treatment providing only modest increase in outcome. Having shown promise in other solid malignancies, immune checkpoint inhibition and therapeutic cancer vaccines have been directed towards Human Papilloma Virus-associated gynaecological cancers, mindful that persistent Human Papilloma Virus infection drives malignancy and is associated with immunosuppression and lack of T-cell immunity. In this review, we discuss novel therapeutic approaches for targeting Human Papilloma Virus-driven gynaecological malignancies including vaccination strategies, use of immunomodulation, immune checkpoint inhibitors and agents targeting Human Papilloma Virus-specific oncoproteins. We also highlight the evolving focus on exciting new treatments including adoptive T-cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthini M Crusz
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Rowan E Miller
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
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45
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Kelley RK, Sangro B, Harris W, Ikeda M, Okusaka T, Kang YK, Qin S, Tai DWM, Lim HY, Yau T, Yong WP, Cheng AL, Gasbarrini A, Damian S, Bruix J, Borad M, Bendell J, Kim TY, Standifer N, He P, Makowsky M, Negro A, Kudo M, Abou-Alfa GK. Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacodynamics of Tremelimumab Plus Durvalumab for Patients With Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Randomized Expansion of a Phase I/II Study. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:2991-3001. [PMID: 34292792 PMCID: PMC8445563 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This phase I/II study evaluated tremelimumab (anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen-4 monoclonal antibody) and durvalumab (antiprogrammed death ligand-1 monoclonal antibody) as monotherapies and in combination for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including a novel regimen featuring a single, priming dose of tremelimumab (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02519348).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Sangro
- Liver Unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA and CIBEREHD, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center (AMC), University of Ulsan, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shukui Qin
- Cancer Center of Nanjing, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Samsung Medical Center (SMC), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Thomas Yau
- Queen Mary Hospital, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Wei-Peng Yong
- National University Cancer Institute Singapore (NCIS), Singapore
| | | | | | - Silvia Damian
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Jordi Bruix
- Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC), Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Johanna Bendell
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, Nashville, TN
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY
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Paulino E, Melo ACD. Advanced Cervical Cancer: Leveraging the Historical Threshold of Overall Survival. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRÍCIA 2021; 43:235-237. [PMID: 33860508 PMCID: PMC10183907 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1728662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Paulino
- Insituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Grupo Oncoclínicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Andreia Cristina de Melo
- Insituto Nacional do Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Grupo Oncoclínicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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47
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Randall LM, Walker AJ, Jia AY, Miller DT, Zamarin D. Expanding Our Impact in Cervical Cancer Treatment: Novel Immunotherapies, Radiation Innovations, and Consideration of Rare Histologies. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2021; 41:252-263. [PMID: 34010052 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_320411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a socially and scientifically distinguishable disease. Its pathogenesis, sexual transmission of high-risk HPV to a metaplastic portion of the uterine cervix, makes cervical cancer preventable by safe and effective HPV vaccines commercially available since 2006. Despite this, cervical cancer remains the deadliest gynecologic cancer in the world. Regrettably, global incidence and mortality rates disproportionately affect populations where women are marginalized, where HIV infection is endemic, and where access to preventive vaccination and screening for preinvasive disease are limited. In the United States, cervical cancer incidence has gradually declined over the last 25 years, but mortality rates remain both constant and disparately higher among communities of color because of the adverse roles that racism and poverty play in outcome. Until these conditions improve and widespread prevention is possible, treatment innovations are warranted. The last standard-of-care treatment changes occurred in 1999 for locally advanced disease and in 2014 for metastatic and recurrent disease. The viral and immunologic nature of HPV-induced cervical cancer creates opportunities for both radiation and immunotherapy to improve outcomes. With the advent of T cell-directed therapy, immune checkpoint inhibition, and techniques to increase the therapeutic window of radiation treatment, an overdue wave of innovation is currently emerging in cervical cancer treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the contemporary developmental therapeutic landscape for cervical cancer that applies to most tumors and to discuss notable rare histologic subtypes that will not be adequately addressed with these treatment innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Randall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Amanda J Walker
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Angela Y Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Devin T Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Gynecologic Medical Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.,Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Strickler JH, Hanks BA, Khasraw M. Tumor Mutational Burden as a Predictor of Immunotherapy Response: Is More Always Better? Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:1236-1241. [PMID: 33199494 PMCID: PMC9912042 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including antibodies that block programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and PD-L1, have transformed the management of many cancers. However, the majority of patients have primary or acquired resistance to these immunotherapies. There is a significant unmet need for predictive biomarkers that can reliably identify patients who derive a clinically meaningful response from PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. High tumor mutational burden (TMB-H) has shown promise as a biomarker in lung cancer, but the broad applicability of TMB-H as a biomarker of response across all solid tumors is unclear. The FDA has approved the PD-1 inhibitor, pembrolizumab, as a therapy for all solid tumors with TMB equal to or greater than 10 mutations/megabase as measured by the FoundationOne CDx assay. This approval was based on an exploratory analysis of the KEYNOTE-158 study, which was a single-arm, phase II multi-cohort study of pembrolizumab for select, previously treated advanced solid tumors. Here, we elucidate the caveats of using TMB as a biomarker with a universal threshold across all solid tumors. While we recognize the importance of this and other FDA pan-cancer approvals, several questions about TMB as a predictive biomarker remain unanswered. In this perspective, we discuss clinical trial evidence in this area. We review the relationship between TMB and the tumor immune microenvironment. We highlight the risks of extrapolating evidence from a limited number of tumor histologies to all solid tumors, and we propose avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent A. Hanks
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Durham, North Carolina.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina. .,Duke Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Durham, North Carolina
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Lorusso D, Ceni V, Daniele G, Pietragalla A, Salutari V, Muratore M, Nero C, Ciccarone F, Scambia G. Immunotherapy in gynecological cancers. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:48-64. [PMID: 36046088 PMCID: PMC9400773 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has changed the natural history of several malignancies that, a decade ago, had a very poor prognosis, such as lung cancer and melanoma. Consequently, many attempts have been done to expand the indications of immunotherapy agents, predominantly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), in other cancers, including gynecological malignancies. Alongside promising results in cervical and endometrial neoplasms, there are not clear data on the benefit of ICIs as single agent or in combination with antiangiogenic agents in ovarian cancer (OC) and ongoing trials are focusing on combining ICIs with standard chemotherapy or PARP inhibitors. This chapter summarized the evidences of ICIs in gynecological malignancies and report the ongoing trials in cervical, endometrial and OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica Lorusso
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy 2Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ceni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Gennaro Daniele
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Pietragalla
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanda Salutari
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Muratore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Nero
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ciccarone
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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PI3KCA Mutations in Uterine Cervix Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10020220. [PMID: 33435133 PMCID: PMC7827547 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Squamous cervical carcinoma represents an infection-associated malignancy that produces a high mortality when metastatic or recurrent after primary local treatment. There is an urgent need for new therapies for this cancer. Molecular lesions in cervical cancer may provide opportunities for targeted therapies development. Methods: Publicly available data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed to define the molecular landscape of squamous cervical carcinomas with and without mutations of PIK3CA, the gene encoding the alpha catalytic subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). Associations with alterations in other critical genes and pathways of cancer and the total mutation burden and copy number alteration burden of cervical cancers were examined. Results: Mutations in PIK3CA are observed in 27.1% of squamous cervical cancers. PIK3CA represents the most frequently mutated gene in these cancers. Mutations in PIK3CA are associated with higher rates of mutations in other genes of important cancer-associated pathways such as the tyrosine kinase receptors/K-Ras/BRAF/MAPK and the Wnt/β catenin pathway. In addition, PIK3CA mutated cervical cancers display a higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) than non-mutated cancers. Conclusion: Frequent mutations of PIK3CA gene in squamous cervical carcinomas may represent an opportunity for targeted therapies development both inhibiting the PI3K kinase and associated pathway defects. Increased TMB may additionally confer immunotherapy sensitivity.
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