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Amini E, Sattarian A, Nasrollahi F, Daneshvar A, Esmaeili MM, Sani LH, Haghighi S. Micromorphological study of some Salsola species (Amaranthaceae) in Iran and its systematic significance using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2024. [PMID: 38923179 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), six Salsola species from Iran were examined for their epidermis, seed, and fruit micromorphology. Among them were S. brachiata from section Heterotricha, S dendroides, S. incanescens, and S. orientalis from section Caroxylon, S. kali from section Kali, and S. turcomanica from section Physurus. Epidermal cells are divided into three types. There were diamond, irregular, and polygonal cells, as well as straight and undulated walls. Studied species of Salsola have smooth or sculptured fruit surfaces, and there are three main types of fruit surface ornamentation. There is a significant difference between these species based on the type of hair and density of the fruit. Seed shape and color have little systematic significance. The seed epidermis is composed of polygonal, elongated polygonal, irregular, and diamond cells. Although polygonal and irregular testa cells are most common, their size and shape can provide additional information and useful diagnostic characteristics at both specific and infraspecific levels. For taxonomic separation, the current study provides novel insights at micromorphological levels. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This article reports halophyte are shown as models for adaptation to extreme habitats. These plants are placed among the ecological communities of xerophytes. Here, for the first time, the microstructural analysis of Salsola has been investigated. Additionally, it provides new insights into plant species' response to extreme conditions, as well as possible adaptation strategies at the micromorphological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Amini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran
| | - Ali Sattarian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nasrollahi
- Center of Environmental Research, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Daneshvar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran
| | - Majid Mohammad Esmaeili
- Department of Range and Watershed Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran
| | | | - Sona Haghighi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad, Iran
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Liu S, Veranso-Libalah MC, Sukhorukov AP, Sun X, Nilova MV, Kushunina M, Mamut J, Wen Z. Phylogenetic placement of the monotypic Baolia (Amaranthaceae s.l.) based on morphological and molecular evidence. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:456. [PMID: 38789931 PMCID: PMC11127444 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05164-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Baolia H.W.Kung & G.L.Chu is a monotypic genus only known in Diebu County, Gansu Province, China. Its systematic position is contradictory, and its morphoanatomical characters deviate from all other Chenopodiaceae. Recent study has regarded Baolia as a sister group to Corispermoideae. We therefore sequenced and compared the chloroplast genomes of this species, and resolved its phylogenetic position based on both chloroplast genomes and marker sequences. RESULTS We sequenced 18 chloroplast genomes of 16 samples from two populations of Baolia bracteata and two Corispermum species. These genomes of Baolia ranged in size from 152,499 to 152,508 bp. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were primarily located in the LSC region of Baolia chloroplast genomes, and most of them consisted of single nucleotide A/T repeat sequences. Notably, there were differences in the types and numbers of SSRs between the two populations of B. bracteata. Our phylogenetic analysis, based on both complete chloroplast genomes from 33 species and a combination of three markers (ITS, rbcL, and matK) from 91 species, revealed that Baolia and Corispermoideae (Agriophyllum, Anthochlamys, and Corispermum) form a well-supported clade and sister to Acroglochin. According to our molecular dating results, a major divergence event between Acroglochin, Baolia, and Corispermeae occurred during the Middle Eocene, approximately 44.49 mya. Ancestral state reconstruction analysis showed that Baolia exhibited symplesiomorphies with those found in core Corispermoideae characteristics including pericarp and seed coat. CONCLUSIONS Comparing the chloroplast genomes of B. bracteata with those of eleven typical Chenopodioideae and Corispermoideae species, we observed a high overall similarity and a one notable noteworthy case of inversion of approximately 3,100 bp. of DNA segments only in two Atriplex and four Chenopodium species. We suggest that Corispermoideae should be considered in a broader sense, it includes Corispermeae (core Corispermoideae: Agriophyllum, Anthochlamys, and Corispermum), as well as two new monotypic tribes, Acroglochineae (Acroglochin) and Baolieae (Baolia).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Marie Claire Veranso-Libalah
- Biodiversität und Evolution der Pflanzen, Prinzessin Therese von Bayern-Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Str. 67, 830052, München, Germany
| | - Alexander P Sukhorukov
- Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation.
- Laboratory Herbarium (TK), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050,, Russian Federation.
| | - Xuegang Sun
- College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Maya V Nilova
- Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Kushunina
- Laboratory Herbarium (TK), Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050,, Russian Federation
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Jannathan Mamut
- College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Zhibin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Xinjiang Key Lab of Conservation and Utilization of Plant Gene Resources, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- Sino-Tajikistan Joint Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources, Urumqi, 830011, China.
- The Specimen Museum of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
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Ramírez E, Rodríguez N, de la Fuente V. Arthrocnemum Moq.: Unlocking Opportunities for Biosaline Agriculture and Improved Human Nutrition. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:496. [PMID: 38498449 PMCID: PMC10892625 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study provides novel insights into the elemental content and biomineralization processes of two halophytic species of the genus Arthrocnemum Moq. (A. macrostachyum and A. meridionale). (2) Methods: Elemental content was analyzed using ICP-MS, while biominerals were detected through electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and X-ray diffraction. (3) Results: The elemental content showed significant concentrations of macronutrients (sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium) and micronutrients, especially iron. Iron was consistently found as ferritin in A. macrostachyum chloroplasts. Notably, A. macrostachyum populations from the Center of the Iberian Peninsula exhibited exceptionally high magnesium content, with values that exceeded 40,000 mg/kg d.w. Succulent stems showed elemental content consistent with the minerals identified through X-ray diffraction analysis (halite, sylvite, natroxalate, and glushinskite). Seed analysis revealed elevated levels of macro- and micronutrients and the absence of heavy metals. Additionally, the presence of reduced sodium chloride crystals in the seed edges suggested a mechanism to mitigate potential sodium toxicity. (4) Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential of Arthrocnemum species as emerging edible halophytes with nutritional properties, particularly in Western European Mediterranean territories and North Africa. They offer promising prospects for biosaline agriculture and biotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Rodríguez
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vicenta de la Fuente
- Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain;
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Aghaei M, Hassani A, Nazemiyeh H, Mandoulkani BA, Saadatian M. Analysis of population structure and genetic diversity of Iranian Wild Salicornia (Salicornia iranica Akhani) population. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:61. [PMID: 35445892 PMCID: PMC9023625 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicornia is a halophyte plant capable of being irrigated with seawater, which can be used as an alternative food. Given this, it is necessary to study the potentials of this plant's morphological diversity in the natural environment. In this study, 33 wild populations of Salicornia were collected from different geographical areas around Urmia Lake during the flowering stage, and 55 morphological traits and 25 ISSR loci of the plant were analyzed. Based on morphological and molecular traits and the cluster analysis, Salicornia populations were divided into four and two groups, respectively. RESULTS Overall, the high percentage of polymorphic loci (65.69%), the average number of effective alleles per locus (1.63), and the Shannon data index (0.540) indicate that ISSR markers was used to identify genetic diversity. Molecular data cluster analysis divided the studied populations into two main groups, which included 12.12% and 87.88% of the populations, respectively. Based on the effective analysis of the population's genetic structure and the precise classification of individuals into suitable sub-populations, the value of K=2 was calculated. CONCLUSIONS The research findings indicated that the populations of Salicornia have a considerable diversity in morphological traits. Furthermore, markers UBC823, B, A7, and K, as well as markers with the Shannon index, effective allele, and large heterozygosis values, are the most effective markers in comparison with other markers used in this study. The findings of this study will aid in parental selection studies for breeding programs of Salicornia in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aghaei
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Abbas Hassani
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Hosein Nazemiyeh
- Pharmaceutical Microtechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Saadatian
- General Science Department, Faculty of Education, Soran University, Soran, Erbil, Iraq
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Vandelook F, Newton RJ, Bobon N, Bohley K, Kadereit G. Evolution and ecology of seed internal morphology in relation to germination characteristics in Amaranthaceae. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 127:799-811. [PMID: 33534902 PMCID: PMC8103812 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Internal seed morphological traits such as embryo characteristics and nutritive tissue can vary considerably within a plant lineage. These traits play a prominent role in germination processes and the success of seedling establishment, and are therefore under high selective pressure, especially in environments hostile to seedlings, such as arid, saline or highly dynamic habitats. We investigated the relationships of seed internal morphology and germination characteristics of 84 species of Amaranthaceae s.l., a family with numerous lineages that have adapted to stressful growing conditions. METHODS We used seed cross-sections to assess embryo type and the ratios of embryo to seed surface and radicle to cotyledon length. Furthermore, seed mass, mean time to germination, habitat preferences and further plant traits such as C3 or C4 photosynthesis and life form were compiled for each species. Data were analysed using phylogenetic comparative methods. KEY RESULTS We found embryo type (λ = 1), log seed mass (λ = 0.86) and the ratio of embryo to seed size (λ = 0.78) to be evolutionarily stable, with an annular embryo as ancestral in the family. Linked to shifts to the three derived embryos types (spiral, horseshoe-shaped and curved) is an increase in the ratio of root to cotyledon length and a reduction of nutritive tissue. We observed stabilizing selection towards seeds with relatively large embryos with longer radicles and less nutritive tissue that are able to germinate faster, especially in lineages with C4 photosynthesis and/or salt tolerance. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the evolutionary shift of nutrient storage from perisperm to embryo provides an ecological advantage in extreme environments, because it enables faster germination and seedling establishment. Furthermore, the evolutionary shift towards a higher ratio of root to cotyledon length especially in small-seeded Amaranthaceae growing in saline habitats can provide an ecological advantage for fast seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vandelook
- Living Collections Department, Meise Botanic Garden, Belgium, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium
| | - Rosemary J Newton
- Conservation Science Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst Place, Ardingly, West Sussex RH17 6TN, UK
| | - Nadine Bobon
- Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80638 München, Germany
| | - Katharina Bohley
- Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80638 München, Germany
| | - Gudrun Kadereit
- Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80638 München, Germany
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Abdollahzadeh T, Niazi A, Moghadam A, Heydarian Z, Ghasemi-Fasaei R, Kaviani E, Pourdad N. Phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil by Salicornia: from PSY activity to physiological and morphological communications. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2019; 40:2789-2801. [PMID: 29558271 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1453551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum is one of the critical environmental pollutants. Salicornia can grow in petroleum-contaminated soil. Therefore, the potential of two Iranian Salicornia species, S. persica Akhani and S. iranica Akhani, for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with 0.2% or 2% petroleum was evaluated over short (1 and 10 h) and long (100 days) periods of time. In addition, some key factors including the expression analysis of phytoene synthase, physiological and morphological factors were studied. Both species reduced the petroleum in 0.2% and 2% petroleum-contaminated soils to 40% and 60% of the initial amount, respectively. The expression of PSY increased twice more than the control 10 h after 0.2% petroleum stress and the carotenoid content increased twice more than the control. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll decreased three times less than the control in both contamination levels, while chlorophyll b decreased three times less than the control only in 2% contamination. The proline content peaked 10 h after 2% stress as it was 10 times more than the control. Promoter analysis of PSY showed the existence of responsive cis-acting elements to abscisic acid suggesting the key role of this gene in abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebe Abdollahzadeh
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Ali Niazi
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Ali Moghadam
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Zohreh Heydarian
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Reza Ghasemi-Fasaei
- b Department of soil science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Elina Kaviani
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Neda Pourdad
- a Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University , Shiraz , Iran
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El-Tarabily KA, AlKhajeh AS, Ayyash MM, Alnuaimi LH, Sham A, ElBaghdady KZ, Tariq S, AbuQamar SF. Growth Promotion of Salicornia bigelovii by Micromonospora chalcea UAE1, an Endophytic 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Deaminase-Producing Actinobacterial Isolate. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1694. [PMID: 31396194 PMCID: PMC6668420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicornia bigelovii is a promising halophytic crop for saline soils in semi-arid regions. This study was designed to characterize isolates of endophytic actinobacteria from S. bigelovii roots and evaluate the effects associated with plant growth promotion. Twenty-eight endophytic isolates obtained from surface-sterilized roots of S. bigelovii were initially selected based on their production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase in vitro in a chemically defined medium. Application of Micromonospora chalcea UAE1, possessing the highest ACC deaminase activity, to S. bigelovii seedlings significantly enhanced the plant growth under gnotobiotic and greenhouse conditions. This was clear from the increases in the dry weight and length of both shoot and root, and seed yield compared to the non-ACC deaminase-producing isolate Streptomyces violaceorectus, or control treatment. The growth promotion was also supported by significant increases in the content of photosynthetic pigments and the levels of auxins, but significant decreases in the levels of ACC in planta. Under greenhouse conditions, M. chalcea recovered from inside the inoculated roots in all samplings (up to 12 weeks post inoculation), suggesting that the roots of healthy S. bigelovii are a suitable habitat for the endophytic actinobacterial isolates. Pure cultures of M. chalcea were not capable of producing auxins, gibberellic acid, cytokinins or polyamines in vitro. This indicates that the growth promotion is most likely to be due to the reduction of the endogenous levels of the stress hormone ethylene. Our findings suggest that growth and yields of S. bigelovii can be enhanced by the field application of the endophyte M. chalcea UAE1. This study is the first to report potential endophytic non-streptomycete actinobacteria to promote the growth of halophytic plants in semi-arid zones under greenhouse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Abdulmajeed S. AlKhajeh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed M. Ayyash
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Latifa H. Alnuaimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled Z. ElBaghdady
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Liu R, Wang L, Tanveer M, Song J. Seed Heteromorphism: An Important Adaptation of Halophytes for Habitat Heterogeneity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1515. [PMID: 30386364 PMCID: PMC6199896 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a very critical and important step for seedling establishment under saline environments, as high level of salinity in the soil can prevent seed germination. However halophytes exhibit an interesting mechanism to cope with salt stress. Many halophytes produce heteromorphic seeds, which have different dormancy and germination behavior under saline conditions. This characteristic is related to the structural and physiological differences among heteromorphic seeds. It was unclear that how heteromorphic seeds differently accumulate organic and inorganic substances under saline conditions, and what are the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in the production of heteromorphic seeds, and in the development of transgenerational plasticity in heteromorphic seeds. In the current brief review, dormancy and germination and the possible role of seed coat and storage compounds in this process of heteromorphic seeds development have been discussed. Moreover, the role of maternal effects on heteromorphic seeds production under saline environments and growth and reproduction capability of the descendants from them have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ürümqi, China
| | - Mohsin Tanveer
- School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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López-Fernández MP, Maldonado S. Programmed cell death in seeds of angiosperms. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:996-1002. [PMID: 25953251 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
During the diversification of angiosperms, seeds have evolved structural, chemical, molecular and physiologically developing changes that specially affect the nucellus and endosperm. All through seed evolution, programmed cell death (PCD) has played a fundamental role. However, examples of PCD during seed development are limited. The present review examines PCD in integuments, nucellus, suspensor and endosperm in those representative examples of seeds studied to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Paula López-Fernández
- Laboratory of Plant Development, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council of Argentine (CONICET)
| | - Sara Maldonado
- Laboratory of Plant Development, Department of Biodiversity and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Research Council of Argentine (CONICET)
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Rozentsvet OA, Nesterov VN, Bogdanova ES. Membrane-forming lipids of wild halophytes growing under the conditions of Prieltonie of South Russia. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 105:37-42. [PMID: 24890389 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The composition of membrane-forming lipids has been examined for 10 wild halophyte species growing in southern Russian on alkaline soil. The plants belong to seven taxa of family rank: by their life form, which are semi-shrubs, herbaceous annuals, and perennial plants; their salt tolerance, which are classified as the euhalophytes, crynohalophytes, and glycohalophytes; and by their sensitivity to water, classifications of mesoxerophytes and xeromesophytes. Parallels have been found between the lipid composition and the ecological status of the plants. It has also been revealed that the similarity in the glyco- and phospholipid composition of different plant groups relates to the water factor and the type of salt accumulation, respectively. The fatty acid compositions of the examined plants is determined at the species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Rozentsvet
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin Russian Academy of Science, 10 Komzin St., Togliatti 445003, Russia.
| | - Victor N Nesterov
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin Russian Academy of Science, 10 Komzin St., Togliatti 445003, Russia
| | - Elena S Bogdanova
- Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin Russian Academy of Science, 10 Komzin St., Togliatti 445003, Russia
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D'oca MGM, Morón-Villarreyes JA, Lemões JS, Costa CSB. Fatty acids composition in seeds of the South American glasswort Sarcocornia ambigua. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2012; 84:865-70. [PMID: 22801376 DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652012005000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcocornia ambigua (Michx.) M.A. Alonso & M.B. Crespo is the most widely distributed species of the perennial genus of glasswort in South America, and it shows great biotechnological potential as a salt-water irrigated crop. Qualitative and quantitative compositions of fatty acids were determined in the seeds of S. ambigua that were cultivated in southern Brazil. Hexane extraction of the seed oil from S. ambigua yielded 13% of total lipids. The GC-FID (Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector) analysis of the hexane extracts showed five prominent peaks for the seed oil: 42.9 wt.% linoleic-ω6 acid (18:2), 20.4 wt.% palmitic acid (16:0), 18.5 wt.% oleic acid (18:1), 4.5 wt.% stearic acid (18:0) and 4.0 wt.% linolenic-ω3 acid (18:3). The sum of the saturated palmitic and stearic acids (24.8%) in S. ambigua seed oil exceeded values cited for commercial oils use, as well as the seed oil from the cultivated annual glasswort Salicornia bigelovii. No undesirable fatty acid components were found in S. ambigua seed oil, and it could be recommended for animal consumption or biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G M D'oca
- Laboratório Kolbe de Síntese Orgânica, Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
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Soriano D, Orozco-Segovia A, Márquez-Guzmán J, Kitajima K, Gamboa-de Buen A, Huante P. Seed reserve composition in 19 tree species of a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico and its relationship to seed germination and seedling growth. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 107:939-51. [PMID: 21385781 PMCID: PMC3080624 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The size and composition of seed reserves may reflect the ecological strategy and evolutionary history of a species and also temporal variation in resource availability. The seed mass and composition of seed reserves of 19 co-existing tree species were studied, and we examined how they varied among species in relation to germination and seedling growth rates, as well as between two years with contrasting precipitation (652 and 384 mm). METHODS Seeds were collected from a tropical deciduous forest in the northwest of Mexico (Chamela Biological Station). The seed dry mass, with and without the seed coat, and the concentrations of lipids, nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrates for the seed minus seed coat were determined. The anatomical localization of these reserves was examined using histochemical analysis. The germination capacity, rate and lag time were determined. The correlations among these variables, and their relationship to previously reported seedling relative growth rates, were evaluated with and without phylogenetic consideration. KEY RESULTS There were interannual differences in seed mass and reserve composition. Seed was significantly heavier after the drier year in five species. Nitrogen concentration was positively correlated with seed coat fraction, and was significantly higher after the drier year in 12 species. The rate and lag time of germination were negatively correlated with each other. These trait correlations were also supported for phylogenetic independent contrasts. Principal component analysis supported these correlations, and indicated a negative association of seedling relative growth rate with seed size, and a positive association of germination rate with nitrogen and lipid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Nitrogen concentration tended to be higher after the drier year and, while interannual variations in seed size and reserve composition were not sufficient to affect interspecific correlations among seed and seedling traits, some of the reserves were related to germination variables and seedling relative growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Soriano
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF México
| | - Alma Orozco-Segovia
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF México
| | - Judith Márquez-Guzmán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF México
| | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alicia Gamboa-de Buen
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF México
| | - Pilar Huante
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, DF México
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13
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Wetson AM, Cassaniti C, Flowers TJ. Do conditions during dormancy influence germination of Suaeda maritima? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2008; 101:1319-27. [PMID: 18369238 PMCID: PMC2710252 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2007] [Revised: 01/14/2008] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Seeds of annual halophytes such as Suaeda maritima experience fluctuating salinity, hydration, hypoxia and temperature during dormancy. Germination then occurs in one flush of 2-3 weeks after about 5 months of winter dormancy during which time the seeds can remain in saline, often waterlogged soil. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of simulated natural conditions during dormancy on germination and to compare this with germination following the usual conditions of storing seeds dry. The effects of hydration, salinity, hypoxia and temperature regimes imposed during dormancy on germination were investigated. Also looked at were the effects of seed size on germination and the interaction between salinity during dormancy and salinity at the time of germination. METHODS Various pre-treatments were imposed on samples of seeds that had been stored dry or wet for different periods of time during the 5 months of natural dormancy. Subsequent germination tests were carried out in conditions that simulated those found in the spring when germination occurs naturally. Various salinities were imposed at germination for a test of interaction between storage salinity and salinity at germination. KEY RESULTS A temperature of about 15 degrees C was needed for germination and large seeds germinated earlier and better than small seeds. Cold seawater pre-treatment was necessary for good germination; the longer the saline pre-treatment during the natural dormancy period the better the germination. There appeared to be no effect of any specific ion of the seawater pre-treatment on germination and severe hypoxia did not prevent good germination. A short period of freezing stimulated early germination in dry-stored seed. Storage in cold saline or equivalent osmotic medium appeared to inhibit germination during the natural dormancy period and predispose the seed to germinate when the temperature rose and the salinity fell. Seeds that were stored in cold wet conditions germinated better in saline conditions than those stored dry. CONCLUSIONS The conditions under which seeds of S. maritima are stored affect their subsequent germination. Under natural conditions seeds remain dormant in highly saline, anoxic mud and then germinate when the temperature rises above about 15 degrees C and the salinity is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Wetson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9QG, UK.
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14
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Voznesenskaya EV, Akhani H, Koteyeva NK, Chuong SDX, Roalson EH, Kiirats O, Franceschi VR, Edwards GE. Structural, biochemical, and physiological characterization of photosynthesis in two C4 subspecies of Tecticornia indica and the C3 species Tecticornia pergranulata (Chenopodiaceae). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2008; 59:1715-34. [PMID: 18390850 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ern028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Among dicotyledon families, Chenopodiaceae has the most C(4) species and the greatest diversity in structural forms of C(4). In subfamily Salicornioideae, C(4) photosynthesis has, so far, only been found in the genus Halosarcia which is now included in the broadly circumscribed Tecticornia. Comparative anatomical, cytochemical, and physiological studies on these taxa, which have near-aphyllous photosynthetic shoots, show that T. pergranulata is C(3), and that two subspecies of T. indica (bidens and indica) are C(4) (Kranz-tecticornoid type). In T. pergranulata, the stems have two layers of chlorenchyma cells surrounding the centrally located water storage tissue. The two subspecies of T. indica have Kranz anatomy in reduced leaves and in the fleshy stem cortex. They are NAD-malic enzyme-type C(4) species, with mesophyll chloroplasts having reduced grana, characteristic of this subtype. The Kranz-tecticornoid-type anatomy is unique among C(4) types in the family in having groups of chlorenchymatous cells separated by a network of large colourless cells (which may provide mechanical support or optimize the distribution of radiation in the tissue), and in having peripheral vascular bundles with the phloem side facing the bundle sheath cells. Also, the bundle sheath cells have chloroplasts in a centrifugal position, which is atypical for C(4) dicots. Fluorescence analyses in fresh sections indicate that all non-lignified cell walls have ferulic acid, a cell wall cross-linker. Structural-functional relationships of C(4) photosynthesis in T. indica are discussed. Recent molecular studies show that the C(4) taxa in Tecticornia form a monophyletic group, with incorporation of the Australian endemic genera of Salicornioideae, including Halosarcia, Pachycornia, Sclerostegia, and Tegicornia, into Tecticornia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Voznesenskaya
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, V. L. Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popov Street 2, 197376, St Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Abstract
The tribe Salicornieae Dum. belonging to the subfamily Salicornioideae Kostel (Chenopodiaceae Vent.) includes halophyte plants. These 5 genera and 6 species are distributed in different habitats of Iran. Members of this tribe have reduced vegetative parts, scale like leaves and articulated stems. In this study quantitative and qualitative morphological characters for 46 accessions of Salicornieae were evaluated. Vegetative characters are not sufficient to distinguish these taxa. Our results indicated that vegetative form, globular buds, plant color, stem base disarticulation and presence of node at the base of inflorescence are diagnostic character in this tribe. Besides floral arrangement in inflorescences, bracts shape, color and shape of seeds are important key features in members of Salicornieae in Iran. Seed coat ornamentations and its hairs and color are found to be helpful in distinguishing these taxa. Quantitative characters show variation too, but as they were not significant, they can not help to resolve the taxonomic problems of this tribe in Iran. Based on studied morphological characters, an identification key for members of this tribe in Iran is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golshan Zare
- Department of Biology, Alzahra University, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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