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Zlobin IE. Linking the growth patterns of coniferous species with their performance under climate aridization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154971. [PMID: 35367548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree growth is highly sensitive to water deficit. At the same time, growth processes substantially influence tree performance under water stress by changing the root-absorbing surface, leaf-transpiring surface, amount of conducting xylem, etc. Drought-induced growth suppression is often higher in conifers than in broadleaf species. This review is devoted to the relations between the growth of coniferous plants and their performance under increasing climate aridization in the temperate and boreal zones of the Northern Hemisphere. For adult trees, available evidence suggests that increasing the frequency and severity of water deficit would be more detrimental to those plants that have higher growth in favorable conditions but decrease growth more prominently under water shortage, compared to trees whose growth is less sensitive to moisture availability. Not only the overall sensitivity of growth processes to water supply but also the asymmetry in response to lower-than-average and higher-than-average moisture conditions can be important for the performance of coniferous trees under upcoming adverse climate change. To fully understand the tree response under future climate change, the responses to both drier and wetter years need to be analyzed separately. In coniferous seedlings, more active growth is usually linked with better drought survival, although physiological reasons for such a link can be different. Growth stability under exacerbating summer water deficit in coniferous plants can be maintained by more active spring growth and/or by a bimodal growth pattern; each strategy has specific advantages and drawbacks. The optimal choice of growth strategy would be critical for future reforestation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E Zlobin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., Moscow 127276, Russia.
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2
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de Souza AC, Donohue K, de Mattos EA. The effect of seed-dispersal timing on seedling recruitment is modulated by environmental conditions that vary across altitude in a threatened palm. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:839-856. [PMID: 35325032 PMCID: PMC9292616 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The timing of seed dispersal determines the environmental conditions that plants face during early life stages. In seasonal environments, selection is expected to favour dispersal timing that is matched to environmental conditions suitable for successful recruitment. Our aim here was to test whether the timing of seed dispersal influences seedling establishment success in two populations of Euterpe edulis that are located at contrasting altitudes, have different seed-dispersal phenologies and are subjected to distinct climatic conditions. METHODS We sowed E. edulis seeds in contrasting altitudes on different dates, and monitored seed germination, emergence and seedling establishment at each altitude over 4 years. At the high-altitude site, five seed-dispersal cohorts were established during the natural dispersal period. At the low-altitude site, three seed-dispersal cohorts were established during natural dispersal, and two were established either before or after natural dispersal. KEY RESULTS At the high-altitude site, seed-dispersal timing did not affect seed germination, seedling emergence or seedling establishment success. In contrast, at the low-altitude site, late seed dispersal near the end of the wet season resulted in a lower probability of seedling establishment, possibly due to the exposure of seeds, germinants and seedlings to unfavourable drought conditions. In addition, at the low-altitude site, the natural seed-dispersal period was poorly matched to favourable environmental conditions for seedling establishment. CONCLUSIONS The greater effect of seed-dispersal timing on seedling establishment at the low-altitude site is probably related to a more seasonal and drought-prone environment that favours a restricted period of seed dispersal. The magnitude of the effect of dispersal timing on seedling establishment success was modulated by environmental conditions that vary across altitude. Furthermore, reproductive phenology appears to be subject to more intense selection at the lower limit of the altitudinal range, due to a more restrictive window of opportunity for successful seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo A de Mattos
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Does the Age of Pinus sylvestris Mother Trees Influence Reproductive Capacity and Offspring Seedling Survival? FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We assess how the age of Pinus sylvestris mother trees influences seed size, seed viability, germination capacity and later offspring seedling survival under greenhouse conditions. Thirty trees ranging from 30 to 219 years old were selected in the north facing slopes in the Sierra de Guadarrama, where we could find the oldest Pinus sylvestris trees in central Spain. Forty cones per tree were harvested to study cone and seed characteristics (size and weight), seed viability and germination capacity related to the mother tree age. In addition, 25 germinated seeds per tree were grown in a greenhouse to assess offspring seedling survival during a death trial, where watering was stopped. Significant differences between trees in cone and seed morphological traits were observed. The age of the mother tree had a significant effect on cone size, seed size, and seed weight, but there was no effect on seed germination capacity and seed viability. Seedling survival was mainly affected by the decrease in water availability. However, a significant effect of the tree age was found once soil moisture had reached 0%. Our results show the ability of overmature Pinus sylvestris trees to maintain a relatively high reproductive capacity that assures its persistence.
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Wang S, Zhou D. Dynamic morphological plasticity in response to emergence timing in Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae). PLANT-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2022; 3:118-129. [PMID: 37284429 PMCID: PMC10168065 DOI: 10.1002/pei3.10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Selections on emergence time might be conflicting, suggesting the existence of the optimal emergence time for plants. However, we know little about this and how morphological plasticity contributes to the strategies of plants in response to emergence timing. To better understand this issue from a dynamic perspective, we conducted a field experiment by subjecting plants of Abutilon theophrasti to four emergence treatments (ET1 ~ ET4) and measuring a number of mass and morphological traits on them at different growth stages (I ~ IV). On day 50, 70, and/or final harvest, among all ET treatments, plants germinated in late spring (ET2) performed the best in total mass, spring germinants (ET1) and ET2 performed better in stem allocation, stem, and root diameters than later germinants (ET3 and ET4); summer germinants (ET3) had the highest reproductive mass and allocation, while late-summer germinants (ET4) had the greatest leaf mass allocation, with greater or canalized leaf number, and root length traits than others. Plants that emerged in late spring can maximize their growth potential, while those with either advanced or delayed emergence are still capable of adaptation via allocation and morphological plasticity. Early germinants (ET1 and ET2) preferred stem growth to leaf and reproductive growth, due to sufficient time for reproduction in the growth season. With limited time for growth, plants that emerged late may prefer to quicken leaf growth (indicated by increased leaf mass allocation and leaf number) at the cost of stem or root growth for the complete life cycle, reflecting both positive and negative effects of delayed emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Wang
- College of Forestry, Forest Ecology Research CenterGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Dao‐Wei Zhou
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchunChina
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Callejas‐Díaz M, Chambel MR, San‐Martín‐Lorén J, Gea‐Izquierdo G, Santos‐Del‐Blanco L, Postma E, Climent JM. The role of maternal age, growth, and environment in shaping offspring performance in an aerial conifer seed bank. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2022; 109:366-376. [PMID: 34973037 PMCID: PMC9790720 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Maternal effects have been demonstrated to affect offspring performance in many organisms, and in plants, seeds are important mediators of these effects. Some woody plant species maintain long-lasting canopy seed banks as an adaptation to wildfires. Importantly, these seeds stored in serotinous cones are produced by the mother plant under varying ontogenetic and physiological conditions. METHODS We sampled the canopy seed bank of a highly serotinous population of Pinus pinaster to test whether maternal age and growth and the environmental conditions during each crop year affected seed mass and ultimately germination and early survival. After determining retrospectively the year of each seed cohort, we followed germination and early survival in a semi-natural common garden. RESULTS Seed mass was related to maternal age and growth at the time of seed production; i.e., slow-growing, older mothers had smaller seeds, and fast-growing, young mothers had larger seeds, which could be interpreted either as a proxy of senescence or as a maternal strategy. Seed mass had a positive effect on germination success, but aside from differences in seed mass, maternal age had a negative effect and diameter had a positive effect on germination timing and subsequent survival. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of maternal conditions combined with seed mass in shaping seedling establishment. Our findings open new insights in the offspring performance deriving from long-term canopy seed banks, which may have high relevance for plant adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Callejas‐Díaz
- Department of Forest Ecology and GeneticsForest Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - M. Regina Chambel
- Department of Forest Ecology and GeneticsForest Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Javier San‐Martín‐Lorén
- Department of Forest Ecology and GeneticsForest Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Guillermo Gea‐Izquierdo
- Department of Forest Ecology and GeneticsForest Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Luis Santos‐Del‐Blanco
- Department of Forest Ecology and GeneticsForest Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Erik Postma
- Centre for Ecology and ConservationUniversity of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - José M. Climent
- Department of Forest Ecology and GeneticsForest Research Centre, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA‐CSIC)MadridSpain
- Sustainable Forest Management Research InstituteUniversity of Valladolid‐National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and TechnologyPalenciaSpain
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Iler AM, CaraDonna PJ, Forrest JR, Post E. Demographic Consequences of Phenological Shifts in Response to Climate Change. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY, EVOLUTION, AND SYSTEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011921-032939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
When a phenological shift affects a demographic vital rate such as survival or reproduction, the altered vital rate may or may not have population-level consequences. We review the evidence that climate change affects populations by shifting species’ phenologies, emphasizing the importance of demographic life-history theory. We find many examples of phenological shifts having both positive and negative consequences for vital rates. Yet, few studies link phenological shifts to changes in vital rates known to drive population dynamics, especially in plants. When this link is made, results are largely consistent with life-history theory: Phenological shifts have population-level consequences when they affect survival in longer-lived organisms and reproduction in shorter-lived organisms. However, there are just as many cases in which demographic mechanisms buffer population growth from phenologically induced changes in vital rates. We provide recommendations for future research aiming to understand the complex relationships among climate, phenology, and demography, which will help to elucidate the extent to which phenological shifts actually alter population persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Iler
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Science Conservation and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, USA
| | - Paul J. CaraDonna
- Negaunee Institute for Plant Science Conservation and Action, Chicago Botanic Garden, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, USA
| | | | - Eric Post
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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Ramírez-Valiente JA, Solé-Medina A, Pyhäjärvi T, Savolainen O, Cervantes S, Kesälahti R, Kujala ST, Kumpula T, Heer K, Opgenoorth L, Siebertz J, Danusevicius D, Notivol E, Benavides R, Robledo-Arnuncio JJ. Selection patterns on early-life phenotypic traits in Pinus sylvestris are associated with precipitation and temperature along a climatic gradient in Europe. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:3009-3025. [PMID: 33098590 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of selection is key to predicting the response of tree species to new environmental conditions in the current context of climate change. However, selection patterns acting on early recruitment stages and their climatic drivers remain largely unknown in most tree species, despite being a critical period of their life cycle. We measured phenotypic selection on Pinus sylvestris seed mass, emergence time and early growth rate over 2 yr in four common garden experiments established along the latitudinal gradient of the species in Europe. Significant phenotypic plasticity and among-population genetic variation were found for all measured phenotypic traits. Heat and drought negatively affected fitness in the southern sites, but heavy rainfalls also decreased early survival in middle latitudes. Climate-driven directional selection was found for higher seed mass and earlier emergence time, while the form of selection on seedling growth rates differed among sites and populations. Evidence of adaptive and maladaptive phenotypic plasticity was found for emergence time and early growth rate, respectively. Seed mass, emergence time and early growth rate have an adaptive role in the early stages of P. sylvestris and climate strongly influences the patterns of selection on these fitness-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aida Solé-Medina
- Department of Forest Ecology & Genetics, INIA-CIFOR, Ctra. de la Coruña km 7.5, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/ Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - Tanja Pyhäjärvi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Outi Savolainen
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Sandra Cervantes
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Robert Kesälahti
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Sonja T Kujala
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Jokioinen, 90570, Finland
| | - Timo Kumpula
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, Marburg, 35043, Germany
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Jan Siebertz
- Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Strasse 8, Marburg, 35043, Germany
| | - Darius Danusevicius
- Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, Vytautas Magnus University, Studentų str. 11, Akademija, Kaunas, LT-53361, Lithuania
| | - Eduardo Notivol
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Raquel Benavides
- Department of Biogeography and Global Change, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, C/ José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, 28006, Spain
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Bianchi E, Bugmann H, Bigler C. Early emergence increases survival of tree seedlings in Central European temperate forests despite severe late frost. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8238-8252. [PMID: 31380086 PMCID: PMC6662263 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global warming is expected to result in earlier emergence of tree seedlings that may experience higher damages and mortality due to late frost in spring. We monitored emergence, characteristics, and survival of seedlings across ten tree species in temperate mixed deciduous forests of Central Europe over one and a half year. We tested whether the timing of emergence represents a trade-off for seedling survival between minimizing frost risk and maximizing the length of the growing period. Almost two-thirds of the seedlings died during the first growing period. The timing of emergence was decisive for seedling survival. Although seedlings that emerged early faced a severe late frost event, they benefited from a longer growing period resulting in increased overall survival. Larger seedling height and higher number of leaves positively influenced survival. Seedlings growing on moss had higher survival compared to mineral soil, litter, or herbaceous vegetation. Synthesis. Our findings demonstrate the importance of emergence time for survival of tree seedlings, with early-emerging seedlings more likely surviving the first growing period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Bianchi
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Christof Bigler
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Warwell MV, Shaw RG. Phenotypic selection on ponderosa pine seed and seedling traits in the field under three experimentally manipulated drought treatments. Evol Appl 2019; 12:159-174. [PMID: 30697331 PMCID: PMC6346659 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought-related selection during seedling emergence and early development may play a strong role in adaptation. Yet this process is poorly understood and particularly so in relation to ongoing climate change. To evaluate drought-induced differences in selection during early life stages, a total of 50 maternal families sampled from three climatically disparate ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug.) populations were grown from seed in two common garden field experiments at a location that was warmer and drier than seed origins. Three drought treatments were imposed experimentally. Phenotypic selection was assessed by relating plant fitness measured as survival or unconditional expected height at age 3 to seed density (mass per unit volume), date of emergence, and timing of shoot elongation. In the year of emergence from seed, differential mortality was particularly strong and clearly indicated selection. In contrast, selection in subsequent years was far less pronounced. Phenotypes with high seed density, an intermediate but relatively early emergence date, and high 2nd-year early-season shoot elongation exhibited the greatest estimated fitness under drought. The form of selection varied among seed sources in relation to drought treatment. Selection was generally more acute in the cases of greatest difference between drought treatment and climatic patterns of precipitation at the site of seed origin. These results suggest that populations of ponderosa pine are differentially adapted to drought patterns associated with the climate of their origin. To the extent that the phenotypic traits examined are heritable or correlated with heritable traits, our results provide insight into how tree populations may evolve in response to drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus V. Warwell
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research StationMoscowIdaho
| | - Ruth G. Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and BehaviorCollege of Biological SciencesUniversity of Minnesota‐Twin CitiesSaint PaulMinnesota
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Moser B, Walthert L, Metslaid M, Wasem U, Wohlgemuth T. Spring water deficit and soil conditions matter more than seed origin and summer drought for the establishment of temperate conifers. Oecologia 2016; 183:519-530. [PMID: 27832367 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-016-3766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In anticipation of more severe summer droughts, forestry in temperate Europe is searching for drought-resistant ecotypes of native tree species that might maintain ecosystem services in the future. We investigated how spring precipitation and soil conditions interact with summer drought and affect the establishment of conifer seedlings from different climatic origin. Emergence, establishment and subsequent performance of seedlings originating from autochthonous, Central Alpine, continental Eastern European, and Mediterranean Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies populations were studied in the dry Alpine Rhine valley, Switzerland, at three sites with differing soil water holding capacities and in 3 years with contrasting weather conditions. In addition to this natural inter-annual variation, precipitation was manipulated within sites with throughfall reduction roofs. Seedling establishment and growth were principally affected by the spring weather in the year of emergence. In years with average to positive spring water balance, seedlings grown at the site with the highest water holding capacity had 2-5 times more aboveground biomass than seedlings grown at sites with less favourable soils. Effects of seed origin were marginal and only detectable at the drier sites: contrary to our expectations, seedlings from the Central Alpine Rhone valley, where the climatic spring water deficit is large, outperformed those from the Mediterranean. Consequently, plantation of non-native populations from dryer origin will mitigate the effects of increased summer drought at driest sites only, while the inter-annual variability of spring precipitation will continue to enable temperate conifers to regenerate on a wide range of forest soils independent of seed origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moser
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Lorenz Walthert
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Marek Metslaid
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ulrich Wasem
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Wohlgemuth
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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11
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Mina M, Bugmann H, Cordonnier T, Irauschek F, Klopcic M, Pardos M, Cailleret M. Future ecosystem services from European mountain forests under climate change. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mina
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forest Ecology; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich; Universitätstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL; 8903 Birmensdorf Switzerland
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forest Ecology; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich; Universitätstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Cordonnier
- Irstea-EMGR; 2 Rue de la Papeterie, BP 76 38402 Saint-Martin-d'Heres Cedex France
| | - Florian Irauschek
- Institute of Silviculture; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU); Peter-Jordan-Straße 82 1190 Vienna Austria
| | - Matija Klopcic
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources; Biotechnical Faculty; University of Ljubljana; Vecna Pot 83 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Marta Pardos
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Systems Management; INIA-CIFOR; Crtra Coruña Km 7.5 28040 Madrid Spain
| | - Maxime Cailleret
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Forest Ecology; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich; Universitätstrasse 16 CH-8092 Zürich Switzerland
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Center A, Etterson JR, Deacon NJ, Cavender-Bares J. Seed production timing influences seedling fitness in the tropical live oak Quercus oleoides of Costa Rican dry forests. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:1407-19. [PMID: 27539263 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1500389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Reproductive phenology is important for tree species that occur in seasonally dry environments, particularly for those with desiccation-sensitive, nondormant seeds. In this study, we compared germination, growth, and survival of seeds of the evergreen tropical live oak Quercus oleoides produced at different times during the wet season at two sites that differ in rainfall along an elevation gradient. Our goal was to determine the effects of reproductive timing on germination and juvenile fitness for this widespread species in seasonally dry forests of northwestern Costa Rica. METHODS We collected seeds early and late in a single wet season from two populations with contrasting rainfall and reciprocally planted them into common gardens. Two watering treatments (ambient and supplemental watering) were established at the drier low-elevation garden. Seeds were exposed to ambient rainfall at the wetter high-elevation garden. We conducted selection analyses using aster models to examine variation in selection on seed size and timing of germination. KEY RESULTS Trees of Q. oleoides had higher fitness when seeds were produced, dispersed and germinated late in the wet season. Postgermination, water limitation during the dry season reduced seedling fitness by decreasing survival but not growth. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to studies in temperate climates where earlier germination is typically favored, we show that selection on days to germination is temporally and spatially heterogeneous. Selection was found to favor either rapid or delayed germination depending on seed cohort and habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Center
- Department of Plant Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Julie R Etterson
- Department of Biology, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812 USA
| | - Nicholas John Deacon
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jeannine Cavender-Bares
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 USA
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13
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Malíková L, Latzel V, Šmilauer P, Klimešová J. Local adaptation of annual weed populations to habitats differing in disturbance regime. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Mackenzie BDE, Auld TD, Keith DA, Hui FKC, Ooi MKJ. The Effect of Seasonal Ambient Temperatures on Fire-Stimulated Germination of Species with Physiological Dormancy: A Case Study Using Boronia (Rutaceae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156142. [PMID: 27218652 PMCID: PMC4878767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormancy and germination requirements determine the timing and magnitude of seedling emergence, with important consequences for seedling survival and growth. Physiological dormancy is the most widespread form of dormancy in flowering plants, yet the seed ecology of species with this dormancy type is poorly understood in fire-prone vegetation. The role of seasonal temperatures as germination cues in these habitats is often overlooked due to a focus on direct fire cues such as heat shock and smoke, and little is known about the combined effects of multiple fire-related cues and environmental cues as these are seldom assessed in combination. We aimed to improve understanding of the germination requirements of species with physiological dormancy in fire-prone floras by investigating germination responses across members of the Rutaceae from south eastern Australia. We used a fully factorial experimental design to quantify the individual and combined effects of heat shock, smoke and seasonal ambient temperatures on germination of freshly dispersed seeds of seven species of Boronia, a large and difficult-to-germinate genus. Germination syndromes were highly variable but correlated with broad patterns in seed morphology and phylogenetic relationships between species. Seasonal temperatures influenced the rate and/or magnitude of germination responses in six species, and interacted with fire cues in complex ways. The combined effects of heat shock and smoke ranged from neutral to additive, synergistic, unitive or negative and varied with species, seasonal temperatures and duration of incubation. These responses could not be reliably predicted from the effect of the application of single cues. Based on these findings, fire season and fire intensity are predicted to affect both the magnitude and timing of seedling emergence in wild populations of species with physiological dormancy, with important implications for current fire management practices and for population persistence under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berin D. E. Mackenzie
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Ecosystem Management Science, Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW), PO Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW, 2220, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Tony D. Auld
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Ecosystem Management Science, Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW), PO Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW, 2220, Australia
- Institute for Conservation Biology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - David A. Keith
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Ecosystem Management Science, Office of Environment and Heritage (NSW), PO Box 1967, Hurstville, NSW, 2220, Australia
| | - Francis K. C. Hui
- Mathematical Sciences Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mark K. J. Ooi
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Institute for Conservation Biology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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15
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Li Z, Lu W, Yang L, Kong X, Deng X. Seed weight and germination behavior of the submerged plant Potamogeton pectinatus in the arid zone of northwest China. Ecol Evol 2015; 5:1504-12. [PMID: 25897389 PMCID: PMC4395179 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Variation in seed weight is common within and among plant species, but few studies have attempted to document the pattern of seed weight and germination attributes for aquatic macrophytes at a large scale. This study examined within-species variation in seed weight and germination attributes and the effects of environmental factors on seed traits of the submerged plant Potamogeton pectinatus in the arid zone of northwest China. Our results showed that the average seed weight was 0.24 g per 100 seeds with a coefficient of variation (CV) of 28.4% among the eight P. pectinatus populations. The total germination fraction of seeds of P. pectinatus was relatively poor, less than 35% in seven P. pectinatus populations, and the lowest germination percentage found was only 2%. There were significant differences in seed weight, time to onset of germination, and total germination fraction among the eight different populations. Hierarchical partitioning analysis showed a strongly positive correlation between seed weight and water temperature and pH. Seed weight and the maternal environmental factors significantly affected both time to initiation of germination and total germination fraction. Our results suggest that (1) seed weight variation in P. pectinatus primarily is the result of temperature variation during fruit development; (2) relatively poor germination fraction suggests that seeds are relatively unimportant in the short-term survival of populations and that it may be another adaptive trait allowing plants to take place in the right place and at the right time, especially in harsh environment; and (3) variation in seed germination traits should be determined by local environmental and intrinsic factors that interact in a complex fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiang Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei UniversityWuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei UniversityWuhan, 430062, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei UniversityWuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xianghong Kong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resource and Environment, Hubei UniversityWuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xuwei Deng
- Wuhan Research Academy of Environmental Protection SciencesWuhan, 430015, China
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16
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The role of population origin and microenvironment in seedling emergence and early survival in Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton). PLoS One 2014; 9:e109132. [PMID: 25286410 PMCID: PMC4186868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding tree recruitment is needed to forecast future forest distribution. Many studies have reported the relevant ecological factors that affect recruitment success in trees, but the potential for genetic-based differences in recruitment has often been neglected. In this study, we established a semi-natural reciprocal sowing experiment to test for local adaptation and microenvironment effects (evaluated here by canopy cover) in the emergence and early survival of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton), an emblematic Mediterranean forest tree. A novel application of molecular markers was also developed to test for family selection and, thus, for potential genetic change over generations. Overall, we did not find evidence to support local adaptation at the recruitment stage in our semi-natural experiment. Moreover, only weak family selection (if any) was found, suggesting that in stressful environments with low survival, stochastic processes and among-year climate variability may drive recruitment. Nevertheless, our study revealed that, at early stages of recruitment, microenvironments may favor the population with the best adapted life strategy, irrespectively of its (local or non-local) origin. We also found that emergence time is a key factor for seedling survival in stressful Mediterranean environments. Our study highlights the complexity of the factors influencing the early stages of establishment of maritime pine and provides insights into possible management actions aimed at environmental change impact mitigation. In particular, we found that the high stochasticity of the recruitment process in stressful environments and the differences in population-specific adaptive strategies may difficult assisted migration schemes.
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17
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Cochrane JA, Hoyle GL, Yates CJ, Wood J, Nicotra AB. Climate warming delays and decreases seedling emergence in a Mediterranean ecosystem. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Anne Cochrane
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
- Science and Conservation Division; Dept of Parks and Wildlife; Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6983 Australia
| | - Gemma L. Hoyle
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Colin. J. Yates
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Jeff Wood
- Statistical Consulting Unit, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
| | - Adrienne B. Nicotra
- Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National Univ.; Canberra ACT 0200 Australia
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18
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Gibbs DC, Donohue K. Gene duplication and the environmental regulation of physiology and development. Ecol Evol 2014; 4:2202-16. [PMID: 25360261 PMCID: PMC4201434 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
When different life stages have different environmental tolerances, development needs to be regulated so that each life stage experiences environmental conditions that are suitable for it, if fitness is to be maintained. Restricting the timing of developmental transitions to occur under specific combinations of environmental conditions is therefore adaptively important. However, impeding development can itself incur demographic and fitness costs. How do organisms regulate development and physiological processes so that they occur under the broadest range of permissive conditions? Gene duplication offers one solution: Multiple genes contribute to the same downstream process, but do so under distinct combinations of environmental conditions. We present a simple model to examine how environmental sensitivities of genes and how gene duplication influence the distribution of environmental conditions under which an end process will proceed. The model shows that the duplication of genes that retain their downstream function but diverge in environmental sensitivities can allow an end process to proceed under more than one distinct combination of environmental conditions. The outcomes depend on how upstream genes regulate downstream components, which genes in the pathway have diversified in their sensitivities, and the structure of the pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Gibbs
- Department of Biology, Duke University Box 90338, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
| | - Kathleen Donohue
- Department of Biology, Duke University Box 90338, Durham, North Carolina, 27708
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19
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Matías L, Jump AS. Impacts of predicted climate change on recruitment at the geographical limits of Scots pine. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:299-310. [PMID: 24220655 PMCID: PMC3883299 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing changes in global climate are having a significant impact on the distribution of plant species, with effects particularly evident at range limits. We assessed the capacity of Pinus sylvestris L. populations at northernmost and southernmost limits of the distribution to cope with projected changes in climate. We investigated responses including seed germination and early seedling growth and survival, using seeds from northernmost (Kevo, Finland) and southernmost (Granada, Spain) populations. Seeds were grown under current climate conditions in each area and under temperatures increased by 5 °C, with changes in precipitation of +30% or -30% with reference to current values at northern and southern limits, respectively, in a fully factorial controlled-conditions experimental design. Increased temperatures reduced germination time and enhanced biomass gain at both range edges but reduced survival at the southern range edge. Higher precipitation also increased survival and biomass but only under a southern climate. Seeds from the southern origin emerged faster, produced bigger seedlings, allocated higher biomass to roots, and survived better than northern ones. These results indicate that recruitment will be reduced at the southernmost range of the species, whereas it will be enhanced at the northern limit, and that the southern seed sources are better adapted to survive under drier conditions. However, future climate will impose a trade-off between seedling growth and survival probabilities. At the southern range edge, higher growth may render individuals more susceptible to mortality where greater aboveground biomass results in greater water loss through evapotranspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Matías
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
| | - Alistair S. Jump
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
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20
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21
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Phenotypic plasticity facilitates resistance to climate change in a highly variable environment. Oecologia 2011; 169:269-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2191-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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22
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González-Muñoz N, Castro-Díez P, Fierro-Brunnenmeister N. Establishment success of coexisting native and exotic trees under an experimental gradient of irradiance and soil moisture. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2011; 48:764-773. [PMID: 21842417 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-011-9731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The exotic trees Ailanthus altissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Acer negundo and Elaeagnus angustifolia coexist with the native trees Fraxinus angustifolia and Ulmus minor in river banks of central Spain. Similarly, the exotic trees Acacia dealbata and Eucalyptus globulus co-occur with the natives Quercus pyrenaica and Pinus pinaster in Northwest Spain. We aimed to identify the environmental conditions that favour or hamper the establishment success of these species. In spring 2008, seeds of the studied species were sown under an experimental gradient of light (100, 65, 35, 7% of full sunlight) combined with three levels of soil moisture (mean soil water potential = -0.97, -1.52 and -1.77 MPa.). During the first growing season we monitored seed emergence and seedling survival. We found that the effect of light on the establishment success was stronger than the effect of soil moisture. Both exotic and native species of central Spain showed a good performance under high light, A. negundo being the most shade tolerant. Water shortage diminished E. angustifolia and A. altissima success. Among NW Spain species, A. dealbata and P. pinaster were found to be potential competitors for colonizing high-irradiance scenarios, while Q. pyrenaica and E. globulus were more successful under moderate shade. High soil moisture favoured E. globulus but not A. dealbata establishment. These results contribute to understand some of the factors controlling for spatial segregation between coexisting native and exotic tree species, and can help to take decisions orientated to the control and management of these exotic species.
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23
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Mercer KL, Alexander HM, Snow AA. Selection on seedling emergence timing and size in an annual plant, Helianthus annuus (common sunflower, Asteraceae). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2011; 98:975-985. [PMID: 21653510 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Variation in seedling emergence timing is considered adaptive over the long term in wild populations, but early emergence can result in a fitness advantage. To explore the adaptive significance of seedling emergence timing, it should be studied under realistic conditions and in the context of other traits that influence fitness. METHODS In a common garden, we monitored maternal families from seed to flowering (including over winter) with intra- and interspecific competition. We assessed the effects of emergence timing and plant size on survival to anthesis in different genetic backgrounds and under varying competition. KEY RESULTS We found genetic variation for emergence (probability and timing), size, and survival to anthesis. We also found negative selection, both phenotypic and genetic, on emergence time, such that early emergers (day 8) had almost twice as great a predicted probability of surviving as later emergers (day 28). Size had strong positive effects on survival and, furthermore, the beneficial effects of early emergence may be mediated through size. Maternal family and competitive environment can also affect selection on emergence timing. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that early emergence is related to greater survival in wild sunflower, although there may be little direct selection on this trait; rather, its importance may be mediated by its effects on highly adaptive traits associated with size. Also, the effects of early emergence may vary across genetic backgrounds and competitive conditions, facilitating the maintenance of variation for this trait across a diverse landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Mercer
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, 202 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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24
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Lin G, Fang F, Yu XJ, Yu L. Meta-analysis of the relationship between p21 Ser31Arg polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2011; 10:2449-56. [DOI: 10.4238/2011.october.13.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Donohue K, Rubio de Casas R, Burghardt L, Kovach K, Willis CG. Germination, Postgermination Adaptation, and Species Ecological Ranges. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2010. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102209-144715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 530] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Germination behavior is one of the earliest phenotypes expressed by plants. This fact has several consequences for the evolution of postgermination traits, ecological niches, and geographic ranges. By determining the conditions that plants experience after they germinate, germination influences phenotypic expression of postgermination traits, natural selection on them, and their genetic basis. The breadth of germination niches may influence the ecological breadth and geographic ranges of species. Because germination is expressed early, it is frequently subjected to natural selection before other traits are expressed. We review evidence for natural selection on and adaptation of germination and discuss how the breadth of the germination niche is associated with the ecological niche and range of plant species. We review evidence for the coevolution of germination and postgermination traits and compare germination to postgermination niches. Finally, we discuss how germination responses to altered environments can influence species distribution and the evolution of postgermination traits after environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Donohue
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | | | - Liana Burghardt
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Katherine Kovach
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
| | - Charles G. Willis
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708
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26
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Luis MD, Verdú M, Raventós J. EARLY TO RISE MAKES A PLANT HEALTHY, WEALTHY, AND WISE. Ecology 2008; 89:3061-3071. [DOI: 10.1890/07-1828.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. de Luis
- Departamento de Geografía y O.T. Universidad de Zaragoza. C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Verdú
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación (CSIC-UV-GV), Apartado Oficial 46470 Albal (Valencia), Spain
| | - J. Raventós
- Departamento de Ecología. Universidad de Alicante, Carretera S. Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03080, San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
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Gómez-Aparicio L, Pérez-Ramos IM, Mendoza I, Matías L, Quero JL, Castro J, Zamora R, Marañón T. Oak seedling survival and growth along resource gradients in Mediterranean forests: implications for regeneration in current and future environmental scenarios. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.16814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Boulant N, Kunstler G, Rambal S, Lepart J. Seed supply, drought, and grazing determine spatio-temporal patterns of recruitment for native and introduced invasive pines in grasslands. DIVERS DISTRIB 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2008.00494.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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29
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Pérez-Ramos IM, Urbieta IR, Marañón T, Zavala MA, Kobe RK. Seed removal in two coexisting oak species: ecological consequences of seed size, plant cover and seed-drop timing. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Priority effects produced by plant litter result in non-additive competitive effects. Oecologia 2008; 157:687-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Gómez-Aparicio L, Pérez-Ramos IM, Mendoza I, Matías L, Quero JL, Castro J, Zamora R, Marañón T. Oak seedling survival and growth along resource gradients in Mediterranean forests: implications for regeneration in current and future environmental scenarios. OIKOS 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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