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Li G, Zhao X, Yang J, Hu S, Ponnu J, Kimura S, Hwang I, Torii KU, Hou H. Water wisteria genome reveals environmental adaptation and heterophylly regulation in amphibious plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39076061 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Heterophylly is a phenomenon whereby an individual plant dramatically changes leaf shape in response to the surroundings. Hygrophila difformis (Acanthaceae; water wisteria), has recently emerged as a model plant to study heterophylly because of its striking leaf shape variation in response to various environmental factors. When submerged, H. difformis often develops complex leaves, but on land it develops simple leaves. Leaf complexity is also influenced by other factors, such as light density, humidity, and temperature. Here, we sequenced and assembled the H. difformis chromosome-level genome (scaffold N50: 60.43 Mb, genome size: 871.92 Mb), which revealed 36 099 predicted protein-coding genes distributed over 15 pseudochromosomes. H. difformis diverged from its relatives during the Oligocene climate-change period and expanded gene families related to its amphibious habit. Genes related to environmental stimuli, leaf development, and other pathways were differentially expressed in submerged and terrestrial conditions, possibly modulating morphological and physiological acclimation to changing environments. We also found that auxin plays a role in H. difformis heterophylly. Finally, we discovered candidate genes that respond to different environmental conditions and elucidated the role of LATE MERISTEM IDENTITY 1 (LMI1) in heterophylly. We established H. difformis as a model for studying interconnections between environmental adaptation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaojie Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyao Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Development and Utilization, Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jathish Ponnu
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
- Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Inhwan Hwang
- Department of Life Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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van Veen H, Müller JT, Bartylla MM, Akman M, Sasidharan R, Mustroph A. Phylotranscriptomics provides a treasure trove of flood-tolerance mechanisms in the Cardamineae tribe. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39012097 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Flooding events are highly detrimental to most terrestrial plant species. However, there is an impressive diversity of plant species that thrive in flood-prone regions and represent a treasure trove of unexplored flood-resilience mechanisms. Here we surveyed a panel of four species from the Cardamineae tribe representing a broad tolerance range. This included the flood-tolerant Cardamine pratensis, Rorippa sylvestris and Rorippa palustris and the flood-sensitive species Cardamine hirsuta. All four species displayed a quiescent strategy, evidenced by the repression of shoot growth underwater. Comparative transcriptomics analyses between the four species and the sensitive model species Arabidopsis thaliana were facilitated via de novo transcriptome assembly and identification of 16 902 universal orthogroups at a high resolution. Our results suggest that tolerance likely evolved separately in the Cardamine and Rorippa species. While the Rorippa response was marked by a strong downregulation of cell-cycle genes, Cardamine minimized overall transcriptional regulation. However, a weak starvation response was a universal trait of tolerant species, potentially achieved in multiple ways. It could result from a strong decline in cell-cycle activity, but is also intertwined with autophagy, senescence, day-time photosynthesis and night-time fermentation capacity. Our data set provides a rich source to study adaptational mechanisms of flooding tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans van Veen
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Evolutionary Plant Ecophysiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jana T Müller
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Malte M Bartylla
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Melis Akman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Stress Resilience, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Song H, Kuang L, Wang L, Yu W, Wu Y, An J, Wu X. Potential ecological risks of heavy metals and Cd accumulation characteristics of Suaeda salsa under different Cd input and water logging conditions in the Yellow River estuary, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85170-85183. [PMID: 37380856 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
To improve the remediation of heavy metal pollution by typical wetland vegetation and maintain the health of wetland ecosystems under the water-sediment regulation scheme (WSRS) application, we evaluated the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in surface sediment in the Yellow River estuary affected by the WSRS. The ranges of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb content in surface sediment were 52.44-100.80 mg·kg-1 dry weight (DW), 16.38-21.19 mg·kg-1 DW, 64.77-255.50 mg·kg-1 DW, 0.12-0.24 mg·kg-1 DW, and 5.40-8.63 mg·kg-1 DW, respectively, and potential ecological risk coefficients showed that Cd was associated with moderate potential risk. We further examined effects of Cd in a greenhouse experiment to explore the influence of short-term Cd input and water logging condition changes induced by WSRS on the Cd absorption characteristics of Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall in the Yellow River estuary. The results showed that total biomass decreased but Cd content in tissue of S. salsa increased with increasing Cd input and the accumulation factor reached maximum values at 100 μg·L-1 of Cd, indicating that S. salsa efficiently accumulated Cd. Water logging depth significantly affected S. salsa growth and Cd absorption with deeper water logging being detrimental to growth. The interaction effect of Cd input and water logging depth on Cd content and accumulation factor was significant. These results suggest that WSRS caused short-term heavy metal input and changes in water conditions affect wetland vegetation growth and heavy metal absorption in the downstream estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276037, Shandong, China.
| | - Lin Kuang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276037, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276037, Shandong, China
| | - Wanni Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276037, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanzhi Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276037, Shandong, China
| | - Juan An
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276037, Shandong, China
| | - Xiyuan Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276037, Shandong, China
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Ikematsu S, Umase T, Shiozaki M, Nakayama S, Noguchi F, Sakamoto T, Hou H, Gohari G, Kimura S, Torii KU. Rewiring of hormones and light response pathways underlies the inhibition of stomatal development in an amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica underwater. Curr Biol 2023; 33:543-556.e4. [PMID: 36696900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Land plants have evolved the ability to cope with submergence. Amphibious plants are adapted to both aerial and aquatic environments through phenotypic plasticity in leaf form and function, known as heterophylly. In general, underwater leaves of amphibious plants are devoid of stomata, yet their molecular regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Using the emerging model of the Brassicaceae amphibious species Rorippa aquatica, we lay the foundation for the molecular physiological basis of the submergence-triggered inhibition of stomatal development. A series of temperature shift experiments showed that submergence-induced inhibition of stomatal development is largely uncoupled from morphological heterophylly and likely regulated by independent pathways. Submergence-responsive transcriptome analysis revealed rapid reprogramming of gene expression, exemplified by the suppression of RaSPEECHLESS and RaMUTE within 1 h and the involvement of light and hormones in the developmental switch from terrestrial to submerged leaves. Further physiological studies place ethylene as a central regulator of the submergence-triggered inhibition of stomatal development. Surprisingly, red and blue light have opposing functions in this process: blue light promotes, whereas red light inhibits stomatal development, through influencing the ethylene pathway. Finally, jasmonic acid counteracts the inhibition of stomatal development, which can be attenuated by the red light. The actions and interactions of light and hormone pathways in regulating stomatal development in R. aquatica are different from those in the terrestrial species, Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, our work suggests that extensive rewiring events of red light to ethylene signaling might underlie the evolutionary adaption to water environment in Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuka Ikematsu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Umase
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Mako Shiozaki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Sodai Nakayama
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Fuko Noguchi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Jing S, Zhang X, Niu H, Lin F, Ayi Q, Wan B, Ren X, Su X, Shi S, Liu S, Zeng B. Differential Growth Responses of Alternanthera philoxeroides as Affected by Submergence Depths. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:883800. [PMID: 35720589 PMCID: PMC9201830 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.883800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has resulted in an increase in intensity and frequency of flooding, plants living in lowlands, and shore areas have to confront submergence caused by flooding, submergence-tolerant plants usually respond by adopting either escape or quiescence strategies. While certain plants exhibit a changeover from escape strategy upon partial submergence to quiescence strategy under complete shallow submergence, it remains unknown whether plants completely submerged at different water depths would adjust their strategies to cope with the change in submergence depth. Alternanthera philoxeroides is an ideal species to explore this adjustment as it is widely distributed in flood-disturbed habitats and exhibits an escape strategy when completely submerged in shallow waters. We investigated the responses of A. philoxeroides in terms of morphology, anatomy, and non-structural carbohydrate metabolism by conducting experiments using a series of submergence depths (0, 2, 5, and 9 m). During the submergence treatment, environmental factors such as light, dissolved oxygen, and temperature for submerged plants were kept constant. The results showed that A. philoxeroides plants submerged at depth of 2 m presented an escape strategy via fast stem elongation, extensive pith cavity development, and small biomass loss. However, the retarded stem elongation, reduced pith cavity transverse area, and increased biomass loss along the water depth gradient indicated that A. philoxeroides altered its growth response as water depth increased from 2 to 9 m. It is found that the changeover of response strategies occurred at higher submergence depths (5-9 m). Based on the results of our experiments, we demonstrated that water depth played an important role in driving the change in strategy. The water-depth-dependent growth performance of A. philoxeroides would benefit the species in habit exploration and exploitation. Further studies should focus on the performances of plants when submerged at varied water depths with different light climates and dissolved oxygen content, and how water depths drive the response behaviors of the submerged plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Jing
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- School of Art and Design, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hangang Niu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiaoli Ayi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binna Wan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaolei Su
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaohua Shi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Songping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Bispo TM, Vieira EA. Assimilatory deficit and energy regulation in young Handroanthus chrysotrichus plants under flooding stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:323-336. [PMID: 35050423 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-022-01370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flooding negatively influences the growth and development of several plant species. Here, we show that the flood tolerance of young Handroanthus chrysotrichus plants involves growth deficit, carbon assimilation reductions, starch remobilization, and energy regulation. The effect of hypoxia was evaluated in a controlled experiment consisting of plants subjected to normoxia and water-logging, with later recovery. We measured morphological changes, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates and starch contents, the activity of the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC), and ATP and ADP levels. While control plants showed normal appearance and growth, flooded plants exhibited a drastic decrease in growth, necrosis of some root tips, hypertrophic lenticels on the stems, and foliar chlorosis. Oxygen deprivation in root cells led to a significant decrease in stomatal conductance. The low Amax rates caused a decline in foliar soluble sugar content at 20 days and a subsequent increase in the leaves and roots, coinciding with starch degradation at 40 days. We also observed increases of 220.5% in ADH and 292% in PDC activities in the roots at 20 and 40 days of flooding. The activation of anaerobic metabolism in stressed plants was an essential mechanism for ATP regulation in both tissues used to maintain a minimal metabolism to cope with hypoxia to the detriment of growth. The post-stress recovery process in H. chrysotrichus occurred slowly, with gas exchange gradually resumed and anaerobic metabolism and sugar content maintained to improve energy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tailysa Morais Bispo
- Laboratory of Biology, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UEMS, Coxim, Brazil
| | - Evandro Alves Vieira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
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Chen Y, Yang J, Guo H, Du Y, Liu G, Yu C, Zhong F, Lian B, Zhang J. Comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals potential mechanisms for high tolerance to submergence in arbor willows. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12881. [PMID: 35186476 PMCID: PMC8818271 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Submergence threatens plant growth and survival by decreasing or eliminating oxygen supply. Uncovering the complex regulatory network underlying the tolerance of Salix to submergence and identifying the key regulators are important for molecular-assisted breeding of Salix. METHODS In this study, we screened germplasm resources of arbor willows and discovered both submergence-tolerant and submergence-sensitive varieties. Then, by performing RNA-seq, we compared the differences between the transcriptomes of two varieties, i.e., the submergence-tolerant variety "Suliu 795" and the submergence-sensitive variety "Yanliu No. 1," and the different submergence treatment time points to identify the potential mechanisms of submergence in Salix and the unique approaches by which the variety "Suliu 795" possessed a higher tolerance compared to "Yanliu No. 1". RESULTS A total of 22,790 differentially expressed genes were identified from 25 comparisons. Using gene ontology annotation and pathway enrichment analysis, the expression pattern of transcriptional factors, important players in hormone signaling, carbohydrate metabolism, and the anaerobic respiration pathway were found to differ significantly between the two varieties. The principal component analysis and qRT-PCR results verified the reliability of the RNA sequencing data. The results of further analysis indicated that "Suliu 795" had higher submergence tolerant activity than "Yanliu No. 1" because of three characteristics: (1) high sensitivity to the probable low oxygen stress and initiation of appropriate responding mechanisms in advance; (2) maintenance of energy homeostasis to prevent energy depletion under hypoxic stress; and (3) keep "quiescence" through fine-tuning the equilibrium between phytohormones GA, SA and ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Chen
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Hongyi Guo
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Yawen Du
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Life Science, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China,Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, Nantong, China
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Toulotte JM, Pantazopoulou CK, Sanclemente MA, Voesenek LACJ, Sasidharan R. Water stress resilient cereal crops: Lessons from wild relatives. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:412-430. [PMID: 35029029 PMCID: PMC9255596 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cereal crops are significant contributors to global diets. As climate change disrupts weather patterns and wreaks havoc on crops, the need for generating stress-resilient, high-yielding varieties is more urgent than ever. One extremely promising avenue in this regard is to exploit the tremendous genetic diversity expressed by the wild ancestors of current day crop species. These crop wild relatives thrive in a range of environments and accordingly often harbor an array of traits that allow them to do so. The identification and introgression of these traits into our staple cereal crops can lessen yield losses in stressful environments. In the last decades, a surge in extreme drought and flooding events have severely impacted cereal crop production. Climate models predict a persistence of this trend, thus reinforcing the need for research on water stress resilience. Here we review: (i) how water stress (drought and flooding) impacts crop performance; and (ii) how identification of tolerance traits and mechanisms from wild relatives of the main cereal crops, that is, rice, maize, wheat, and barley, can lead to improved survival and sustained yields in these crops under water stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M. Toulotte
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
| | - Chrysoula K. Pantazopoulou
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
| | - Maria Angelica Sanclemente
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
| | - Laurentius A. C. J. Voesenek
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Department of Biology, Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
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9
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Zhao J, Malone SL, Staudhammer CL, Starr G, Hartmann H, Oberbauer SF. Freshwater wetland plants respond nonlinearly to inundation over a sustained period. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2021; 108:1917-1931. [PMID: 34617586 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Wetland plants regularly experience physiological stresses resulting from inundation; however, plant responses to the interacting effects of water level and inundation duration are not fully understood. METHODS We conducted a mesocosm experiment on two wetland species, sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense) and muhly grass (Muhlenbergia filipes), that co-dominate many freshwater wetlands in the Florida Everglades. We tracked photosynthesis, respiration, and growth at water levels of -10 (control), 10 (shallow), and 35 cm (deep) with reference to soil surface over 6 months. RESULTS The response of photosynthesis to inundation was nonlinear. Specifically, photosynthetic capacity (Amax ) declined by 25% in sawgrass and by 70% in muhly grass after 1-2 months of inundation. After 4 months, Amax of muhly grass in the deep-water treatment declined to near zero. Inundated sawgrass maintained similar leaf respiration and growth rates as the control, whereas inundated muhly grass suppressed both respiration and growth. At the end of the experiment, sawgrass had similar nonstructural carbohydrate pools in all treatments. By contrast, muhly grass in the deep-water treatment had largely depleted sugar reserves but maintained a similar starch pool as the control, which is critical for post-stress recovery. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the two species exhibited nonlinear and contrasting patterns of carbon uptake and use under inundation stress, which ultimately defines their strategies of surviving regularly flooded habitats. The results suggest that a future scenario with more intensive inundation, due to the water management and climate change, may weaken the dominance of muhly grass in many freshwater wetlands of the Everglades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Quality, Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Sparkle L Malone
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Gregory Starr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str 10, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Steven F Oberbauer
- Department of Biological Sciences and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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10
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Li Z, Zhang M, Chow WS, Chen F, Xie Z, Fan D. Carbohydrate saving or biomass maintenance: which is the main determinant of the plant's long-term submergence tolerance? PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 149:155-170. [PMID: 33131005 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that plant submergence tolerance could be assessed from the decline of plant biomass due to submergence, as biomass integrates all eco-physiological processes leading to fitness. An alternative hypothesis stated that the consumption rate of carbohydrate is essential in differing tolerance to submergence. In the present study, the responses of biomass, biomass allocation, and carbohydrate content to simulated long-term winter submergence were assessed in four tolerant and four sensitive perennials. The four tolerant perennials occur in a newly established riparian ecosystem created by The Three Gorges Dam, China. They had 100% survival after 120 days' simulated submergence, and had full photosynthesis recovery after 30 days' re-aeration, and the photosynthetic rate was positively related to the growth during the recovery period. Tolerant perennials were characterized by higher carbohydrate levels, compared with the four sensitive perennials (0% survival) at the end of submergence. Additionally, by using a method which simulates posterior estimates, and bootstraps the confidence interval for the difference between strata means, it was found that the biomass response to post-hypoxia, rather than that to submergence, could be a reliable indicator to assess submergence tolerance. Interestingly, the differences of changes in carbohydrate content between tolerant and sensitive perennials during submergence were significant, which were distinct from the biomass response, supporting the hypothesis that tolerant perennials could sacrifice non-vital components of biomass to prioritize the saving of carbohydrates for later recovery. Our study provides some insight into the underlying mechanism(s) of perennials' tolerance to submergence in ecosystems such as temperate wetland and reservoir riparian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojia Li
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Tropical Forestry Research, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, 510520, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Heilongjiang University, Ha'erbin, 150080, China
| | - Wah Soon Chow
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Fangqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443000, Hubei, China
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Dayong Fan
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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11
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Basu S, Kumari S, Kumar P, Kumar G, Rajwanshi R. Redox imbalance impedes photosynthetic activity in rice by disrupting cellular membrane integrity and induces programmed cell death under submergence. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1764-1778. [PMID: 33751571 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change negatively impacts the global hydrological resources leading to detrimental flood events. Submergence impedes the cellular membrane integrity, consequently affecting the membrane fluidity. Different abiotic stresses influence membrane lipid composition. Therefore, the remodeling of membrane lipids plays a major role in stress adaptation. Submergence-induced membrane lipid peroxidation is well established in plants. However, dynamic changes in lipid composition for regulating submergence tolerance in rice remain so far unexplored. The present study explored the effect of submergence on the lipidomic profile of the Sub1 near-isogenic lines (NILs) of rice, viz. Swarna, and Swarna Sub1 with contrasting submergence tolerance. The study also examined the association of lipidomic alteration with the membrane integrity and submergence tolerance. Submergence caused increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was significantly higher in Swarna than Swarna Sub1. The lipid profile was also considerably altered under submergence. Following submergence, Swarna exhibited a significant decrease in phospholipid content accompanied by increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Furthermore, the disintegration of the thylakoid membrane resulted in a significant decrease in the chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate under submergence. Submergence-induced hypoxic condition also promoted starch depletion to fulfill the energy requirement. In contrast, submergence acclimation in Swarna Sub1 was associated with the shift to anaerobic respiration mediated by increased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. Effective ROS detoxification in Swarna Sub1 facilitated by increased antioxidant enzyme activities contributed to the submergence tolerance by maintaining membrane integrity and photosynthetic activity. The present study established the direct association of lipid remodeling with membrane integrity, cell viability, and photosynthesis and also devised a crop model to reveal the molecular background of submergence tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Surbhi Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Ravi Rajwanshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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12
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Peng X, Yang Y, Yan X, Li H. The effects of water control on the survival and growth of Alternanthera philoxeroides in the vegetative reproduction and seedling stages. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13556. [PMID: 34193895 PMCID: PMC8245590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92674-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternanthera philoxeroides (Martius) is an infamous invasive alien plant that is widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial habitats. To investigate the vegetative reproduction, growth, survival strategy, and the function of leaves in fragment of A. philoxeroides under different water conditions, two water control experiments were conducted with different leaf treatments: (1) water control with stolon fragments, and (2) water control with plants. The water control was subjected to five levels: I 30% soil water content, II 70% soil water content, III 97% soil water content, IV water depth of 5 cm, and V water depth of 10 cm in combination with the two leaf treatments, fragments with two leaves and fragments without leaves. Based on the results, A. philoxeroides produced a significantly higher stem length, node number, leaf number, stem biomass, leaf biomass, and total biomass in the 97% soil water content and in treatments with leaves. Additionally, the stem mass ratio increased and the root mass ratio decreased with the increase of the water content. In Exp. 1, the survival rate was the highest in the 97% water content and was 0 in the 30% water content. Therefore, the leaves of stolon fragments contribute to the vegetative reproduction and growth of A. philoxeroides. In response to different water conditions, A. philoxeroides adopts different strategies according to the resource reserves by itself, which are conducive to its survival and widespread occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Peng
- grid.494625.80000 0004 1771 8625School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiumin Yan
- grid.494625.80000 0004 1771 8625School of Geography and Resources, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, 550018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Li
- grid.27446.330000 0004 1789 9163Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024 People’s Republic of China
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13
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Müller JT, van Veen H, Bartylla MM, Akman M, Pedersen O, Sun P, Schuurink RC, Takeuchi J, Todoroki Y, Weig AR, Sasidharan R, Mustroph A. Keeping the shoot above water - submergence triggers antithetical growth responses in stems and petioles of watercress (Nasturtium officinale). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:140-155. [PMID: 31792981 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling underwater elongation are based extensively on studies on internode elongation in the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and petiole elongation in Rumex rosette species. Here, we characterize underwater growth in the dicot Nasturtium officinale (watercress), a wild species of the Brassicaceae family, in which submergence enhances stem elongation and suppresses petiole growth. We used a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed antithetical growth responses. Though submergence caused a substantial reconfiguration of the petiole and stem transcriptome, only little qualitative differences were observed between both tissues. A core submergence response included hormonal regulation and metabolic readjustment for energy conservation, whereas tissue-specific responses were associated with defense, photosynthesis, and cell wall polysaccharides. Transcriptomic and physiological characterization suggested that the established ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and GA growth regulatory module for underwater elongation could not fully explain underwater growth in watercress. Petiole growth suppression is likely attributed to a cell cycle arrest. Underwater stem elongation is driven by an early decline in ABA and is not primarily mediated by ethylene or GA. An enhanced stem elongation observed in the night period was not linked to hypoxia and suggests an involvement of circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana T Müller
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Malte M Bartylla
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Melis Akman
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 361 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pulu Sun
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Alfons R Weig
- Genomics & Bioinformatics, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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14
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Betti F, Ladera-Carmona MJ, Perata P, Loreti E. RNAi Mediated Hypoxia Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9394. [PMID: 33321742 PMCID: PMC7764064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs regulate various biological process involved in genome stability, development, and adaptive responses to biotic or abiotic stresses. Small RNAs include microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression that affect the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation in plants and animals through RNA interference (RNAi). miRNAs are endogenous small RNAs that originate from the processing of non-coding primary miRNA transcripts folding into hairpin-like structures. The mature miRNAs are incorporated into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and drive the Argonaute (AGO) proteins towards their mRNA targets. siRNAs are generated from a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of cellular or exogenous origin. siRNAs are also involved in the adaptive response to biotic or abiotic stresses. The response of plants to hypoxia includes a genome-wide transcription reprogramming. However, little is known about the involvement of RNA signaling in gene regulation under low oxygen availability. Interestingly, miRNAs have been shown to play a role in the responses to hypoxia in animals, and recent evidence suggests that hypoxia modulates the expression of various miRNAs in plant systems. In this review, we describe recent discoveries on the impact of RNAi on plant responses to hypoxic stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Betti
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56010 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.J.L.-C.); (P.P.)
| | - Maria José Ladera-Carmona
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56010 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.J.L.-C.); (P.P.)
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Sant’Anna School of Advanced Studies, 56010 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.J.L.-C.); (P.P.)
| | - Elena Loreti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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15
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Akman M, Carlson JE, Latimer AM. Climate explains population divergence in drought-induced plasticity of functional traits and gene expression in a South African Protea. Mol Ecol 2020; 30:255-273. [PMID: 33098695 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term environmental variation often drives local adaptation and leads to trait differentiation across populations. Additionally, when traits change in an environment-dependent way through phenotypic plasticity, the genetic variation underlying plasticity will also be under selection. These processes could create a landscape of differentiation across populations in traits and their plasticity. Here, we performed a dry-down experiment under controlled conditions to measure responses in seedlings of a shrub species from the Cape Floristic Region, the common sugarbush (Protea repens). We measured morphological and physiological traits, and sequenced whole transcriptomes of leaf tissues from eight populations that represent both the climatic and the geographical distribution of this species. We found that there is substantial variation in how populations respond to drought, but we also observed common patterns such as reduced leaf size and leaf thickness, and up-regulation of stress-related and down-regulation of growth-related gene groups. Both high environmental heterogeneity and milder source site climates were associated with higher plasticity in various traits and co-expression gene networks. Associations between traits, trait plasticity, gene networks and the source site climate suggest that temperature may play a greater role in shaping these patterns when compared to precipitation, in line with recent changes in the region due to climate change. We also found that traits respond to climatic variation in an environment-dependent manner: some associations between traits and climate were apparent only under certain growing conditions. Together, our results uncover common responses of P. repens populations to drought, and climatic drivers of population differentiation in functional traits, gene expression and their plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Akman
- Department of Plant Sciences, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jane E Carlson
- Department of Biology, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA, USA.,Gulf Coast Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, National Park Services, Washington, DC, USA
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16
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Di Bella CE, Kotula L, Striker GG, Colmer TD. Submergence tolerance and recovery in Lotus: Variation among fifteen accessions in response to partial and complete submergence. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 249:153180. [PMID: 32422486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Several Lotus species are perennial forage legumes which tolerate waterlogging, but knowledge of responses to partial or complete shoot submergence is scant. We evaluated the responses of 15 Lotus accessions to partial and complete shoot submergence and variations in traits associated with tolerance and recovery after de-submergence. Accessions of Lotus tenuis, L. corniculatus, L. pedunculatus and L. japonicus were raised for 43 d and then subjected to aerated root zone (control), deoxygenated stagnant root zone with shoots in air (stagnant), stagnant root zone with partial (75 %) and complete submergence of shoots, for 7 d. The recovery ability from complete submergence was also assessed. We found inter- and intra-specific variations in the stem extension responses (i.e. promoted or restricted compared to controls) depending on water depth. Eight of 15 accessions promoted the stem extension when in partial submergence, while three of those eight (all L. tenuis accessions) had a restricted stem extension when under complete submergence. Two accessions (belonging to L. corniculatus and L. penduculatus species) also promoted the stem extension under complete submergence. The accessions that attained better recovery in terms of leaves produced after de-submergence, were those that had high leaf and root sugar concentration at de-submergence, and high thickness and persistence of gas films on leaves during submergence (all L. tenuis accessions). We conclude that all Lotus accessions were able to tolerate 7 d of partial and complete shoot submergence, despite adopting different stem extension responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla E Di Bella
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Lukasz Kotula
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Timothy D Colmer
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia; ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub on Legumes for Sustainable Agriculture, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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17
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Fukushima A, Kuroha T, Nagai K, Hattori Y, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Kojima M, Utsumi Y, Oikawa A, Seki M, Sakakibara H, Saito K, Ashikari M, Kusano M. Metabolite and Phytohormone Profiling Illustrates Metabolic Reprogramming as an Escape Strategy of Deepwater Rice during Partially Submerged Stress. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020068. [PMID: 32075002 PMCID: PMC7074043 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice varieties that can survive under submergence conditions respond to flooding either by enhancing internode elongation or by quiescence of shoot elongation. Despite extensive efforts to identify key metabolites triggered by complete submergence of rice possessing SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1) locus, metabolic responses of internode elongation of deepwater rice governed by the SNORKEL 1 and 2 genes remain elusive. This study investigated specific metabolomic responses under partial submergence (PS) to deepwater- (C9285) and non-deepwater rice cultivars (Taichung 65 (T65)). In addition, we examined the response in a near-isogenic line (NIL-12) that has a C9285 genomic fragment on chromosome 12 introgressed into the genetic background of T65. Under short-term submergence (0-24 h), metabolite profiles of C9285, NIL-12, and T65 were compared to extract significantly changed metabolites in deepwater rice under PS conditions. Comprehensive metabolite and phytohormone profiling revealed increases in metabolite levels in the glycolysis pathway in NIL-12 plants. Under long-term submergence (0-288 h), we found decreased amino acid levels. These metabolomic changes were opposite when compared to those in flood-tolerant rice with SUB1 locus. Auxin conjugate levels related to stress response decreased in NIL-12 lines relative to T65. Our analysis helped clarify the complex metabolic reprogramming in deepwater rice as an escape strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (Y.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Keisuke Nagai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (Y.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Yoko Hattori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (Y.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (Y.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Correspondence:
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18
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Sperling O, Karunakaran R, Erel R, Yasuor H, Klipcan L, Yermiyahu U. Excessive nitrogen impairs hydraulics, limits photosynthesis, and alters the metabolic composition of almond trees. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 143:265-274. [PMID: 31525604 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Horticulture nitrogen (N) runoffs are major environmental and health concerns, but current farming practices cannot detect ineffective N applications. Hence, we set to recognize high N conditions and characterize their effects on the physiology of almond trees grown in drainage lysimeters. Water and nutrients mass balances exhibited that N benefitted almond trees in a limited range (below 60 mg N L-1 in irrigation), while higher N conditions (over a 100 mg N L-1) reduced evapotranspiration (ET) by 50% and inherently constrained N uptake. Respectively, whole-tree hydraulic conductance reduced by 37%, and photosynthesis by 17%, which implied that high N concentrations could damage trees. Through gas-chromatography, we realized that high N conditions also affected components of the citric acid cycle (TCA) and carbohydrates availability. Such changes in the metabolic composition of roots and leaves probably interfered with N assimilation and respiration. It also determined the proportions between N and starch in almond leaves, which formed a new index (N:ST) that starts at 0.4 in N deficiency and reaches 0.6-0.8 in optimal N conditions. Importantly, this index continues to increase in higher N conditions (as starch reduces) and essentially indicates to excessive N applications when it exceeds 1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Sperling
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, Gilat, Israel.
| | | | - Ran Erel
- Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, ARO, Gilat, Israel
| | | | | | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Institute of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, ARO, Gilat, Israel
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19
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Chen XS, Li YF, Cai YH, Xie YH, Deng ZM, Li F, Hou ZY. Differential Strategies to Tolerate Flooding in Polygonum hydropiper Plants Originating From Low- and High-Elevation Habitats. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1970. [PMID: 30687365 PMCID: PMC6333866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In species that occur over a wide range of flooding conditions, plant populations may have evolved divergent strategies as a consequence of long-term adaptation to local flooding conditions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a flooding gradient on the growth and carbohydrate reserves of Polygonum hydropiper plants originating from low- and high-elevation habitats in the Dongting Lake wetlands. The results indicated that shoot length did not differ, whereas the total biomass and carbohydrate reserves were reduced under flooded compared to well-drained conditions for plants originating from both habitat types. However, shoot length, shoot mass, rhizome mass, and total biomass were lower in plants from low-elevation habitats than in those from high-elevation habitats in the flooded condition. Soluble sugar and starch contents in belowground biomass were higher in plants from low-elevation habitats than in those from high-elevation habitats independently of the water level. Therefore, P. hydropiper plants from low-elevation habitats exhibit a lower growth rate and more conservative energy strategy to cope with flooding in comparison with plants from high-elevation habitats. Differential strategies to cope with flooding among P. hydropiper populations are most likely a response to the flooding pressures of the habitat of origin and may potentially drive ecotype differentiation within species along flooding gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Sheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ya-Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-He Cai
- The Faculty of Geography and Resources Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Hong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Miao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Abstract
A major problem of climate change is the increasing duration and frequency of heavy rainfall events. This leads to soil flooding that negatively affects plant growth, eventually leading to death of plants if the flooding persists for several days. Most crop plants are very sensitive to flooding, and dramatic yield losses occur due to flooding each year. This review summarizes recent progress and approaches to enhance crop resistance to flooding. Most experiments have been done on maize, barley, and soybean. Work on other crops such as wheat and rape has only started. The most promising traits that might enhance crop flooding tolerance are anatomical adaptations such as aerenchyma formation, the formation of a barrier against radial oxygen loss, and the growth of adventitious roots. Metabolic adaptations might be able to improve waterlogging tolerance as well, but more studies are needed in this direction. Reasonable approaches for future studies are quantitative trait locus (QTL) analyses or genome-wide association (GWA) studies in combination with specific tolerance traits that can be easily assessed. The usage of flooding-tolerant relatives or ancestral cultivars of the crop of interest in these experiments might enhance the chances of finding useful tolerance traits to be used in breeding.
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Saptiningsih E, Dewi K, Santosa S, Purwestri YA. Clonal integration of the invasive plant Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitch in stress of flooding type combination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.4081/pb.2018.7526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The clonal invasion of Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitch has spread to edges of mangrove areas, which leads to the formation of flooding-stressed areas such as waterlogged and submergence. This study purpose to investigate the clonal integration mechanism of W. trilobata in stress of flooding type combination. This study was conducted in greenhouse with four combinations of flooding treatment on mother ramet (MR) and daughter ramet (DR) for 25 days. Several parameters were measured are shoot growth, relative growth rate (RGR), biomass, biomass allocation, adventitious root growth, and lenticel hypertrophy. The highest clonal performance was observed for the combination of field capacity (MR)- waterlogged (DR). The lowest performance was observed for the combination of waterlogged (MR)-submergence (DR). There were decreases in the shoot growth, RGR, and biomass allocation in mother ramet. However, adventitious root growth and lenticel hypertrophic increased in daughter ramet. The increase of flooding pressure suppresses the performance of clonal plants. Clonal integration buffered clonal plants by improving the performance of daughter ramet in the combination of flooding type. The clonal integration has facilitated W. trilobata invasion in inundated areas.
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Ye XQ, Meng JL, Zeng B, Wu M. Improved flooding tolerance and carbohydrate status of flood-tolerant plant Arundinella anomala at lower water temperature. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192608. [PMID: 29561845 PMCID: PMC5862403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR, China) imposes a new water fluctuation regime, including a prolonged winter submergence in contrast to the natural short summer flooding of the rivers. The contrasting water temperature regimes may remarkably affect the survival of submerged plants in the TGR. Plant survival in such prolonged flooding might depend on the carbohydrate status of the plants. Therefore, we investigated the effects of water temperature on survival and carbohydrate status in a flood-tolerant plant species and predicted that both survival and carbohydrate status would be improved by lower water temperatures. METHODOLOGY A growth chamber experiment with controlled water temperature were performed with the flood-tolerant species Arundinella anomala from the TGR region. The plants were submerged (80 cm deep water above soil surface) with a constant water temperature at 30°C, 20°C or 10°C. The water temperature effects on survival, plant biomass and carbohydrate content (glucose, fructose and sucrose and starch) in the viable and dead tissues were investigated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The results showed that the survival percentage of A.anomala plants was greatly dependent on water temperature. The two-month submergence survival percentage was 100% at 10°C, 40% at 20°C and 0% at 30°C. Decreasing the water temperature led to both later leaf death and slower biomass loss. Temperature decrease also induced less reduction in glucose, fructose and sucrose in the roots and leaves (before decay, p < 0.05), but only marginally significant in the stems (p < 0.05). However, the starch content level did not differ significantly between the water temperature treatments (p > 0.05). Different water temperatures did not alter the carbon pool size in the stems, leaves and whole plants (p > 0.05), but a clear difference was found in the roots (p < 0.05), with a larger pool size at a lower temperature. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE We concluded that (1) A. anomala is characterized by high flooding tolerance and sustained capability to mobilize carbohydrate pool. (2) The survival percentage and carbohydrate status of submerged A. anomala plants were remarkably improved by lower water temperatures. The survival of submergence seemed to be closely associated with the sugar content and carbohydrate pool size of the roots, which contained the lowest amount of carbohydrates. Three Gorges reservoir impoundment in winter is beneficial to the survival of submerged A. anomala in riparian area of the reservoir due to the low water temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao qi Ye
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/ Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin liu Meng
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/ Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Ming Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/ Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
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Ye XQ, Zeng B, Meng JL, Wu M, Zhang XP. Responses in shoot elongation, carbohydrate utilization and growth recovery of an invasive species to submergence at different water temperatures. Sci Rep 2018; 8:306. [PMID: 29321607 PMCID: PMC5762630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Widely distributed amphibious exotic plant species may respond plastically to water temperatures when submerged. Alternanthera philoxeroides, a highly flood-tolerant species, originates from tropical regions and has successfully invaded temperate regions. The wide distribution of this species suggests it can respond to flooding at different water temperatures. In this study, the plastic responses of A. philoxeroides plants to submergence at water temperatures of 10 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C were investigated. The A. philoxeroides plants had large pools of non-structural carbohydrates, which were readily mobilized upon submergence. Submergence hindered biomass accumulation and decreased the carbohydrate content level and respiration rate (P < 0.05). Water temperature had remarkable effects on shoot elongation, carbohydrate utilization and recovery growth. With decreasing water temperature, the respiration rate was lower and carbohydrate content decreased more slowly, but the post-submergence biomass accumulation was faster (P < 0.05), indicating a beneficial effect of low water temperature for recovery. However, high water temperatures accelerated shoot elongation (P < 0.05), which benefitted the submerged plants more if contact with air was restored. These results suggest that the species can respond to different water temperatures plastically, which may provide hints for its invasion success in regions with diverse climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Qi Ye
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Liu Meng
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Research Station of Hangzhou Bay Wetlands Ecosystem, National Forestry Bureau, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiao Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Striker GG, Casas C, Kuang X, Grimoldi AA. No escape? Costs and benefits of leaf de-submergence in the pasture grass Chloris gayana under different flooding regimes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2017; 44:899-906. [PMID: 32480618 DOI: 10.1071/fp17128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Elongation-induced leaf emergence is one way for plants to deal with complete submergence by 'escaping' from water. This growth strategy is hypothesised to be more beneficial under single long-term submergence than under repeated short-term submergence events (i.e. fluctuating environment), as costs of repeated plant 'adjustment' would exceed the initial benefits of shoot elongation. To test this idea, 2-week-old plants of Chloris gayana Kunth. cv. Fine Cut (a submergence-tolerant cultivar first selected by a screening experiment) were grown for 4 weeks under (i) control conditions, (ii) two 1-week submergence cycles, or (iii) one 2-week submergence cycle. Additionally, a set of plants were placed below nettings to assess the cost of remaining forcedly submerged. Impeding leaves emergence through nettings did not compromise survival when submergence was 1-week long, but determined the death of all plants when extended to 2 weeks. Growth as affected by flooding regime revealed that under one 2-week submergence event, plants accumulated a 2.9-fold higher dry mass than when they experienced the same submergence duration in separate events along 1week. The 'escape' strategy in the grass C. gayana, by which leaf contact with air is re-established, is essential for its survival, and it is more beneficial for plant growth under long-term submergence than under repeated short-term submergence cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo G Striker
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenuenida San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Casas
- Cátedra de Edafología, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Av. San Martín 4453 (CPA 1417 DSE) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Xiaolin Kuang
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenuenida San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín A Grimoldi
- IFEVA, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Facultad de Agronomía, Avenuenida San Martín 4453, CPA 1417, DSE Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Böckelmann J, Tremetsberger K, Šumberová K, Grausgruber H, Bernhardt KG. Fitness and growth of the ephemeral mudflat species Cyperus fuscus in river and anthropogenic habitats in response to fluctuating water-levels. FLORA 2017; 234:135-149. [PMID: 31719726 PMCID: PMC6850911 DOI: 10.1016/j.flora.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cyperus fuscus is a representative of threatened ephemeral wetland plant communities in summer-dry shoreline habitats. We compared variation and plasticity in traits related to fitness and growth of plants germinating from the soil seed bank and established plants from river and secondary anthropogenic habitats. Plants from sites at rivers, fishponds and fish storage ponds were cultivated and selfed to get homogenous seed material for a germination and an environmental manipulation experiment involving three different water regimes. Differences in traits and their plasticities were evaluated by means of linear mixed models. Cyperus fuscus followed a low-oxygen escape strategy when flooded. Seeds of plants derived from the soil seed bank germinated faster than seeds of plants derived from established plants suggesting that short-term selection of genotypes is mediated by the particular conditions on the site during germination. The experiment revealed significant differences between river and secondary habitats as well as between the soil seed bank and established plants. For example, plants from river habitats produced the highest number of culms with inflorescences. The difference was most evident under partial submergence. Plants from fish storage ponds rapidly reached the reproductive phase, but produced less culms with inflorescences. This seemingly allows them to cope with numerous and irregular disturbances and intensive substrate moisture changes. Our results suggest that populations have adapted to conditions at secondary habitats provided by fish farming during the last centuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Böckelmann
- Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel-Straβe 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karin Tremetsberger
- Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel-Straβe 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kateřina Šumberová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Lidická 25/27, CZ-602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Heinrich Grausgruber
- Division of Plant Breeding, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz-Straβe 24, A-3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Karl-Georg Bernhardt
- Institute of Botany, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor Mendel-Straβe 33, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
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Sperling O, Silva LCR, Tixier A, Théroux-Rancourt G, Zwieniecki MA. Temperature gradients assist carbohydrate allocation within trees. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3265. [PMID: 28607358 PMCID: PMC5468369 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trees experience two distinct environments: thermally-variable air and thermally-buffered soil. This generates intra-tree temperature gradients, which can affect carbon metabolism and water transport. In this study, we investigated whether carbohydrate allocation within trees is assisted by temperature gradients. We studied pistachio (Pistacia integerrima) to determine: (1) temperature-induced variation in xylem sugar concentration in excised branches; (2) changes in carbon allocation in young trees under simulated spring and fall conditions; and (3) seasonal variability of starch levels in mature orchard trees under field conditions. We found that warm branches had less sugar in perfused sap than cold branches due to increasing parenchyma storage. Simulated spring conditions promoted allocation of carbohydrates from cold roots to warm canopy and explained why starch levels surged in canopies of orchard trees during early spring. This driving force of sugar transport is interrupted in fall when canopies are colder than roots and carbohydrate redistribution is compartmentalized. On the basis of these findings, we propose a new mechanistic model of temperature-assisted carbohydrate allocation that links environmental cues and tree phenology. This data-enabled model provides insights into thermal "fine-tuning" of carbohydrate metabolism and a warning that the physiological performance of trees might be impaired by climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Or Sperling
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, 85280 Negev Israel
| | - Lucas C. R. Silva
- Environmental Studies Program, Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
| | - Aude Tixier
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | | | - Maciej A. Zwieniecki
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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27
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Akman M, Kleine R, van Tienderen PH, Schranz EM. Identification of the Submergence Tolerance QTL Come Quick Drowning1 (CQD1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Hered 2017; 108:308-317. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Loreti E, van Veen H, Perata P. Plant responses to flooding stress. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 33:64-71. [PMID: 27322538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Most plant species cannot survive prolonged submergence or soil waterlogging. Crops are particularly intolerant to the lack of oxygen arising from submergence. Rice can instead germinate and grow even if submerged. The molecular basis for rice tolerance was recently unveiled and will contribute to the development of better rice varieties, well adapted to flooding. The oxygen sensing mechanism was also recently discovered. This system likely operates in all plant species and relies on the oxygen-dependent destabilization of the group VII ethylene response factors (ERFVIIs), a cluster of ethylene responsive transcription factors. An homeostatic mechanism that controls gene expression in plants subjected to hypoxia prevents excessive activation of the anaerobic metabolism that could be detrimental to surviving the stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Loreti
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | - Hans van Veen
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pierdomenico Perata
- PlantLab, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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29
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Sasidharan R, Voesenek LACJ. Ethylene-Mediated Acclimations to Flooding Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 169:3-12. [PMID: 25897003 PMCID: PMC4577390 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Flooding is detrimental for plants, primarily because of restricted gas exchange underwater, which leads to an energy and carbohydrate deficit. Impeded gas exchange also causes rapid accumulation of the volatile ethylene in all flooded plant cells. Although several internal changes in the plant can signal the flooded status, it is the pervasive and rapid accumulation of ethylene that makes it an early and reliable flooding signal. Not surprisingly, it is a major regulator of several flood-adaptive plant traits. Here, we discuss these major ethylene-mediated traits, their functional relevance, and the recent progress in identifying the molecular and signaling events underlying these traits downstream of ethylene. We also speculate on the role of ethylene in postsubmergence recovery and identify several questions for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584-CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurentius A C J Voesenek
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584-CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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30
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Zhang Q, Visser EJW, de Kroon H, Huber H. Life cycle stage and water depth affect flooding-induced adventitious root formation in the terrestrial species Solanum dulcamara. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:279-90. [PMID: 26105188 PMCID: PMC4512197 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Flooding can occur at any stage of the life cycle of a plant, but often adaptive responses of plants are only studied at a single developmental stage. It may be anticipated that juvenile plants may respond differently from mature plants, as the amount of stored resources may differ and morphological changes can be constrained. Moreover, different water depths may require different strategies to cope with the flooding stress, the expression of which may also depend on developmental stage. This study investigated whether flooding-induced adventitious root formation and plant growth were affected by flooding depth in Solanum dulcamara plants at different developmental stages. METHODS Juvenile plants without pre-formed adventitious root primordia and mature plants with primordia were subjected to shallow flooding or deep flooding for 5 weeks. Plant growth and the timing of adventitious root formation were monitored during the flooding treatments. KEY RESULTS Adventitious root formation in response to shallow flooding was significantly constrained in juvenile S. dulcamara plants compared with mature plants, and was delayed by deep flooding compared with shallow flooding. Complete submergence suppressed adventitious root formation until up to 2 weeks after shoots restored contact with the atmosphere. Independent of developmental stage, a strong positive correlation was found between adventitious root formation and total biomass accumulation during shallow flooding. CONCLUSIONS The potential to deploy an escape strategy (i.e. adventitious root formation) may change throughout a plant's life cycle, and is largely dependent on flooding depth. Adaptive responses at a given stage of the life cycle thus do not necessarily predict how the plant responds to flooding in another growth stage. As variation in adventitious root formation also correlates with finally attained biomass, this variation may form the basis for variation in resistance to shallow flooding among plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidrun Huber
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Nakayama H, Nakayama N, Seiki S, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Sinha N, Kimura S. Regulation of the KNOX-GA gene module induces heterophyllic alteration in North American lake cress. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:4733-48. [PMID: 25516600 PMCID: PMC4311196 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.130229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants show leaf form alteration in response to changes in the surrounding environment, and this phenomenon is called heterophylly. Although heterophylly is seen across plant species, the regulatory mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying heterophylly in Rorippa aquatica (Brassicaceae), also known as North American lake cress. R. aquatica develops pinnately dissected leaves in submerged conditions, whereas it forms simple leaves with serrated margins in terrestrial conditions. We found that the expression levels of KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) orthologs changed in response to changes in the surrounding environment (e.g., change of ambient temperature; below or above water) and that the accumulation of gibberellin (GA), which is thought to be regulated by KNOX1 genes, also changed in the leaf primordia. We further demonstrated that exogenous GA affects the complexity of leaf form in this species. Moreover, RNA-seq revealed a relationship between light intensity and leaf form. These results suggest that regulation of GA level via KNOX1 genes is involved in regulating heterophylly in R. aquatica. The mechanism responsible for morphological diversification of leaf form among species may also govern the variation of leaf form within a species in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Nakayama
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Naomi Nakayama
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, United Kingdom
| | - Sumer Seiki
- Teacher Education Department, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94117-1080
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Neelima Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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van Veen H, Akman M, Jamar DCL, Vreugdenhil D, Kooiker M, van Tienderen P, Voesenek LACJ, Schranz ME, Sasidharan R. Group VII ethylene response factor diversification and regulation in four species from flood-prone environments. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2421-2432. [PMID: 24548060 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Flooding events negatively affect plant performance and survival. Flooding gradients thereby determine the dynamics in vegetation composition and species abundance. In adaptation to flooding, the group VII Ethylene Response Factor genes (ERF-VIIs) play pivotal roles in rice and Arabidopsis through regulation of anaerobic gene expression and antithetical survival strategies. We investigated if ERF-VIIs have a similar role in mediating survival strategies in eudicot species from flood-prone environments. Here, we studied the evolutionary origin and regulation of ERF-VII transcript abundance and the physiological responses in species from two genera of divergent taxonomic lineages (Rumex and Rorippa). Synteny analysis revealed that angiosperm ERF-VIIs arose from two ancestral loci and that subsequent diversification and duplication led to the present ERF-VII variation. We propose that subtle variation in the regulation of ERF-VII transcript abundance could explain variation in tolerance among Rorippa species. In Rumex, the main difference in flood tolerance correlated with the genetic variation in ERF-VII genes. Large transcriptional differences were found by comparing the two genera: darkness and dark submergence-induced Rumex ERF-VIIs, whereas HRE2 expression was increased in submerged Rorippa roots. We conclude that the involvement of ERF-VIIs in flooding tolerance developed in a phylogenetic-dependent manner, with subtle variations within taxonomic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Voesenek LACJ, van Veen H, Sasidharan R. Learning from nature: the use of non-model species to identify novel acclimations to flooding stress. AOB PLANTS 2014; 6:plu016. [PMID: 24876298 PMCID: PMC4011469 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plu016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Excess water in the form of waterlogged soil or deeper submergence (generically termed 'flooding') influences plant growth, survival and species distribution in many natural ecosystems. It also has a negative impact on crop growth and yield since many agricultural species are flooding intolerant. The often devastating effect of flooding on plant performance is related to its interference with gas exchange between the plant and its environment. This results in energy deficiency and carbohydrate starvation. In the near future, flooding frequency is expected to increase due to global climate change and the human population is expected to increase to ∼9 billion people by 2050. The need for increased agricultural productivity is self-evident and this will require a better mechanistic understanding of the interaction between plants and abiotic stresses such as flooding. We argue that, in seeking this understanding, we should not restrict the research to model species such as rice (Oryza sativa) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This is because some stress-tolerance mechanisms are not found in these species. Examples are given of how flooding tolerance is achieved by non-model species of Rumex and Rorippa that have evolved to cope with flooding in natural environments. These findings will add usefully to the spread of resources available to plant breeding programmes aimed at improving flooding tolerance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A C J Voesenek
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H van Veen
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Sasidharan
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Mustroph A, Hess N, Sasidharan R. Hypoxic Energy Metabolism and PPi as an Alternative Energy Currency. LOW-OXYGEN STRESS IN PLANTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1254-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Akman M, Bhikharie A, Mustroph A, Sasidharan R. Extreme flooding tolerance in Rorippa. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e27847. [PMID: 24525961 PMCID: PMC4091424 DOI: 10.4161/psb.27847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen stress imposed by floods creates a strong selection force shaping plant ecosystems in flood-prone areas. Plants inhabiting these environments adopt various adaptations and survival strategies to cope with increasing water depths. Two Rorippa species, R. sylvestris and R. amphibia that grow in naturally flooded areas, have high submergence tolerance achieved by the so-called quiescence and escape strategies, respectively. In order to dissect the molecular mechanisms involved in these strategies, we investigated submergence-induced changes in gene expression in flooded roots of Rorippa species. There was a higher induction of glycolysis and fermentation genes and faster carbohydrate reduction in R. amphibia, indicating a higher demand for energy potentially leading to faster mortality by starvation. Moreover, R. sylvestris showed induction of genes improving submergence tolerance, potentially enhancing survival in prolonged floods. Additionally, we compared transcript profiles of these 2 tolerant species to relatively intolerant Arabidopsis and found that only Rorippa species induced various inorganic pyrophosphate dependent genes, alternatives to ATP demanding pathways, thereby conserving energy, and potentially explaining the difference in flooding survival between Rorippa and Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melis Akman
- Department of Plant Sciences; University of California; Davis, CA USA
| | - Amit Bhikharie
- Experimental Plant Systematics; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology; Institute for Environmental Biology; Utrecht University; Utrecht, The Netherlands
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van Veen H, Mustroph A, Barding GA, Vergeer-van Eijk M, Welschen-Evertman RA, Pedersen O, Visser EJ, Larive CK, Pierik R, Bailey-Serres J, Voesenek LA, Sasidharan R. Two Rumex species from contrasting hydrological niches regulate flooding tolerance through distinct mechanisms. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4691-707. [PMID: 24285788 PMCID: PMC3875744 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.119016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has increased flooding events, which affect both natural vegetation dynamics and crop productivity. The flooded environment is lethal for most plant species because it restricts gas exchange and induces an energy and carbon crisis. Flooding survival strategies have been studied in Oryza sativa, a cultivated monocot. However, our understanding of plant adaptation to natural flood-prone environments remains scant, even though wild plants represent a valuable resource of tolerance mechanisms that could be used to generate stress-tolerant crops. Here we identify mechanisms that mediate the distinct flooding survival strategies of two related wild dicot species: Rumex palustris and Rumex acetosa. Whole transcriptome sequencing and metabolite profiling reveal flooding-induced metabolic reprogramming specific to R. acetosa. By contrast, R. palustris uses the early flooding signal ethylene to increase survival by regulating shade avoidance and photomorphogenesis genes to outgrow submergence and by priming submerged plants for future low oxygen stress. These results provide molecular resolution of flooding survival strategies of two species occupying distinct hydrological niches. Learning how these contrasting flood adaptive strategies evolved in nature will be instrumental for the development of stress-tolerant crop varieties that deliver enhanced yields in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans van Veen
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Department of Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Gregory A. Barding
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Marleen Vergeer-van Eijk
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A.M. Welschen-Evertman
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Eric J.W. Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cynthia K. Larive
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Bailey-Serres
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Laurentius A.C.J. Voesenek
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Biosystems Genomics, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Sasidharan R, Mustroph A, Boonman A, Akman M, Ammerlaan AM, Breit T, Schranz ME, Voesenek LA, van Tienderen PH. Root transcript profiling of two Rorippa species reveals gene clusters associated with extreme submergence tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 163:1277-92. [PMID: 24077074 PMCID: PMC3813650 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.222588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Complete submergence represses photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, causing rapid mortality in most terrestrial plants. However, some plants have evolved traits allowing them to survive prolonged flooding, such as species of the genus Rorippa, close relatives of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We studied plant survival, changes in carbohydrate and metabolite concentrations, and transcriptome responses to submergence of two species, Rorippa sylvestris and Rorippa amphibia. We exploited the close relationship between Rorippa species and the model species Arabidopsis by using Arabidopsis GeneChip microarrays for whole-genome transcript profiling of roots of young plants exposed to a 24-h submergence treatment or air. A probe mask was used based on hybridization of genomic DNA of both species to the arrays, so that weak probe signals due to Rorippa species/Arabidopsis mismatches were removed. Furthermore, we compared Rorippa species microarray results with those obtained for roots of submerged Arabidopsis plants. Both Rorippa species could tolerate deep submergence, with R. sylvestris surviving much longer than R. amphibia. Submergence resulted in the induction of genes involved in glycolysis and fermentation and the repression of many energy-consuming pathways, similar to the low-oxygen and submergence response of Arabidopsis and rice (Oryza sativa). The qualitative responses of both Rorippa species to submergence appeared roughly similar but differed quantitatively. Notably, glycolysis and fermentation genes and a gene encoding sucrose synthase were more strongly induced in the less tolerant R. amphibia than in R. sylvestris. A comparison with Arabidopsis microarray studies on submerged roots revealed some interesting differences and potential tolerance-related genes in Rorippa species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ankie M.H. Ammerlaan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute for Environmental Biology, Utrecht University 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands (R.S., A.M.H.A., L.A.C.J.V.)
- Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University 95447, Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); and
- Experimental Plant Systematics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (A.B., M.A., M.E.S., P.H.v.T.), and Microarray Department Amsterdam and Integrative Bioinformatics Unit, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (T.B.), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo Breit
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute for Environmental Biology, Utrecht University 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands (R.S., A.M.H.A., L.A.C.J.V.)
- Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University 95447, Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); and
- Experimental Plant Systematics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (A.B., M.A., M.E.S., P.H.v.T.), and Microarray Department Amsterdam and Integrative Bioinformatics Unit, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (T.B.), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Laurentius A.C.J. Voesenek
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute for Environmental Biology, Utrecht University 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands (R.S., A.M.H.A., L.A.C.J.V.)
- Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University 95447, Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); and
- Experimental Plant Systematics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (A.B., M.A., M.E.S., P.H.v.T.), and Microarray Department Amsterdam and Integrative Bioinformatics Unit, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (T.B.), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. van Tienderen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute for Environmental Biology, Utrecht University 3584CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands (R.S., A.M.H.A., L.A.C.J.V.)
- Plant Physiology, Bayreuth University 95447, Bayreuth, Germany (A.M.); and
- Experimental Plant Systematics, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (A.B., M.A., M.E.S., P.H.v.T.), and Microarray Department Amsterdam and Integrative Bioinformatics Unit, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (T.B.), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Voesenek LACJ, Bailey-Serres J. Flooding tolerance: O2 sensing and survival strategies. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:647-653. [PMID: 23830867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of flooding survival strategies in model, crop and wild plant species has yielded insights into molecular, physiological and developmental mechanisms of soil flooding (waterlogging) and submergence survival. The antithetical flooding escape and quiescence strategies of deepwater and submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa), respectively, are regulated by members of a clade of ethylene responsive factor transcriptional activators. This knowledge paved the way for the discovery that these proteins are targets of a highly conserved O2-sensing protein turnover mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Further examples of genes that regulate transcription, root and shoot metabolism or development during floods have emerged. With the rapid advancement of genomic technologies, the mining of natural genetic variation in flooding tolerant wild species may ultimately benefit crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A C J Voesenek
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Bailey-Serres J, Lee SC, Brinton E. Waterproofing crops: effective flooding survival strategies. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1698-709. [PMID: 23093359 PMCID: PMC3510103 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.208173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bailey-Serres
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Science, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0124, USA.
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Fukao T, Yeung E, Bailey-Serres J. The submergence tolerance gene SUB1A delays leaf senescence under prolonged darkness through hormonal regulation in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1795-807. [PMID: 23073696 PMCID: PMC3510111 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.207738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a natural age-dependent process that is induced prematurely by various environmental stresses. Typical alterations during leaf senescence include breakdown of chlorophyll, a shift to catabolism of energy reserves, and induction of senescence-associated genes, all of which can occur during submergence, drought, and constant darkness. Here, we evaluated the influence of the submergence tolerance regulator, SUBMERGENCE1A (SUB1A), in the acclimation responses during leaf senescence caused by prolonged darkness in rice (Oryza sativa). SUB1A messenger RNA was highly induced by prolonged darkness in a near-isogenic line containing SUB1A. Genotypes with conditional and ectopic overexpression of SUB1A significantly delayed loss of leaf color and enhanced recovery from dark stress. Physiological analysis revealed that SUB1A postpones dark-induced senescence through the maintenance of chlorophyll and carbohydrate reserves in photosynthetic tissue. This delay allowed leaves of SUB1A genotypes to recover photosynthetic activity more quickly upon reexposure to light. SUB1A also restricted the transcript accumulation of representative senescence-associated genes. Jasmonate and salicylic acid are positive regulators of leaf senescence, but ectopic overexpression of SUB1A dampened responsiveness to both hormones in the context of senescence. We found that ethylene accelerated senescence stimulated by darkness and jasmonate, although SUB1A significantly restrained dark-induced ethylene accumulation. Overall, SUB1A genotypes displayed altered responses to prolonged darkness by limiting ethylene production and responsiveness to jasmonate and salicylic acid, thereby dampening the breakdown of chlorophyll, carbohydrates, and the accumulation of senescence-associated messenger RNAs. A delay of leaf senescence conferred by SUB1A can contribute to the enhancement of tolerance to submergence, drought, and oxidative stress.
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