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Fleck SJ, Jobson RW. Molecular Phylogenomics Reveals the Deep Evolutionary History of Carnivory across Land Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3356. [PMID: 37836100 PMCID: PMC10574757 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastid molecular phylogenies that broadly sampled angiosperm lineages imply that carnivorous plants evolved at least 11 times independently in 13 families and 6 orders. Within and between these clades, the different prey capture strategies involving flypaper and pitfall structures arose in parallel with the subsequent evolution of snap traps and suction bladders. Attempts to discern the deep ontological history of carnivorous structures using multigene phylogenies have provided a plastid-level picture of sister relationships at the family level. Here, we present a molecular phylogeny of the angiosperms based on nuclear target sequence capture data (Angiosperms-353 probe set), assembled by the Kew Plant Trees of Life initiative, which aims to complete the tree of life for plants. This phylogeny encompasses all carnivorous and protocarnivorous families, although certain genera such as Philcoxia (Plantaginaceae) are excluded. This study offers a novel nuclear gene-based overview of relationships within and between carnivorous families and genera. Consistent with previous broadly sampled studies, we found that most carnivorous families are not affiliated with any single family. Instead, they emerge as sister groups to large clades comprising multiple non-carnivorous families. Additionally, we explore recent genomic studies across various carnivorous clades that examine the evolution of the carnivorous syndrome in relation to whole-genome duplication, subgenome dominance, small-scale gene duplication, and convergent evolution. Furthermore, we discuss insights into genome size evolution through the lens of carnivorous plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Fleck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Richard W. Jobson
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Botanic Gardens of Sydney, Locked Bag 6002, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia
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2
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Yudaputra A, Astuti IP, Handayani T, Siregar H, Robiansyah I, Wahyuni S, Rachmadiyanto AN, Purnomo DW, Kurniawan V, Isnaini Y, Damayanti F, Zulkarnaen RN, Witono JR, Fijridiyanto IA, Yuzammi, Hidayat A, Siregar M, Munawaroh E, Wardhani FA, Raharjo PD, Widiana A, Cropper Jr WP. Comprehensive approaches for assessing extinction risk of endangered tropical pitcher plant Nepenthes talangensis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289722. [PMID: 37549156 PMCID: PMC10406325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been 23 years since the conservation status of highland tropical pitcher plant Nepenthes talangensis was assessed in 2000. A number of existing threats (anthropogenic and environmental) may be increasing the risk of extinction for the species. A better understanding of the ecology and conservation needs of the species is required to manage the wild populations. Specifically, better information related to population distributions, ecological requirements, priority conservation areas, the impact of future climate on suitable habitat, and current population structure is needed to properly assess extinction risks. A better understanding of the requirements of the species in its natural habitat would benefit for successfully securing the species at Botanic Gardens. We have identified 14 new occurrence records of N. talangensis in Mount Talang. Study on the ecological requirement using Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) suggested that elevation, canopy cover, soil pH, and slope are four important variables. The population of N. talangensis was dominated by juvenile and mature (sterile) individuals, we found only a few mature males (7 individuals) and females (4 individuals) in the sampled areas. Our modelling of current conditions predicted that there were 1,076 ha of suitable habitat to very highly suitable habitat in Mount Talang, which is 14.7% of the total area. Those predicted habitats ranged in elevation from 1,740-2,558 m. Suitable habitat in 2100 was predicted to decrease in extent and be at higher elevation in the less extreme climate change scenario (SSP 1-2.6) and extreme climate change scenario (SSP 5-8.5). We projected larger habitat loss in the SSP 5-8.5 compared to the SSP 1-2.6 climate change scenario.. We proposed the category CR B1ab(iii,v), C2a(ii) as the new conservation status of N. talangensis. The status is a higher category of threat compared to the current status of the species (EN C2b, ver 2.3). Nepenthes talangensis seedlings and cuttings established in a Botanic Garden have relatively high survival rate at about 83.4%. Sixty percent of the seeds germinated in growth media successfully grew to become seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angga Yudaputra
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Inggit Puji Astuti
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Tri Handayani
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Hartutiningsih Siregar
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Iyan Robiansyah
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sri Wahyuni
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Arief Noor Rachmadiyanto
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Danang Wahyu Purnomo
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Vandra Kurniawan
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yupi Isnaini
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Frisca Damayanti
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Joko Ridho Witono
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Izu Andry Fijridiyanto
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yuzammi
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Arief Hidayat
- Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Mustaid Siregar
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Esti Munawaroh
- Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Fitriany Amalia Wardhani
- Research Center for Limnology and Water Resources–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Puguh Dwi Raharjo
- Research Center for Geological Resources–National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ana Widiana
- Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Wendell P. Cropper Jr
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL United States of America
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Hesselberg T, Boyd KM, Styrsky JD, Gálvez D. Host Plant Specificity in Web-Building Spiders. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14030229. [PMID: 36975914 PMCID: PMC10051880 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Spiders are ubiquitous generalist predators playing an important role in regulating insect populations in many ecosystems. Traditionally they have not been thought to have strong influences on, or interactions with plants. However, this is slowly changing as several species of cursorial spiders have been reported engaging in either herbivory or inhabiting only one, or a handful of related plant species. In this review paper, we focus on web-building spiders on which very little information is available. We only find well-documented evidence from studies of host plant specificity in orb spiders in the genus Eustala, which are associated with specific species of swollen thorn acacias. We review what little is known of this group in the context of spider-plant interactions generally, and focus on how these interactions are established and maintained while providing suggestions on how spiders may locate and identify specific species of plants. Finally, we suggest ideas for future fruitful research aimed at understanding how web-building spiders find and utilise specific plant hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hesselberg
- Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JA, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Kieran M. Boyd
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - John D. Styrsky
- Department of Biology, University of Lynchburg, Lynchburg, VA 24501, USA
| | - Dumas Gálvez
- Coiba Scientific Station, Panama City 0843-01853, Panama
- Programa Centroamericano de Maestría en Entomología, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City 0824, Panama
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City P.O. Box 0843-03092, Panama
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4
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Freund M, Graus D, Fleischmann A, Gilbert KJ, Lin Q, Renner T, Stigloher C, Albert VA, Hedrich R, Fukushima K. The digestive systems of carnivorous plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:44-59. [PMID: 35604105 PMCID: PMC9434158 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To survive in the nutrient-poor habitats, carnivorous plants capture small organisms comprising complex substances not suitable for immediate reuse. The traps of carnivorous plants, which are analogous to the digestive systems of animals, are equipped with mechanisms for the breakdown and absorption of nutrients. Such capabilities have been acquired convergently over the past tens of millions of years in multiple angiosperm lineages by modifying plant-specific organs including leaves. The epidermis of carnivorous trap leaves bears groups of specialized cells called glands, which acquire substances from their prey via digestion and absorption. The digestive glands of carnivorous plants secrete mucilage, pitcher fluids, acids, and proteins, including digestive enzymes. The same (or morphologically distinct) glands then absorb the released compounds via various membrane transport proteins or endocytosis. Thus, these glands function in a manner similar to animal cells that are physiologically important in the digestive system, such as the parietal cells of the stomach and intestinal epithelial cells. Yet, carnivorous plants are equipped with strategies that deal with or incorporate plant-specific features, such as cell walls, epidermal cuticles, and phytohormones. In this review, we provide a systematic perspective on the digestive and absorptive capacity of convergently evolved carnivorous plants, with an emphasis on the forms and functions of glands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Fleischmann
- Botanische Staatssammlung München and GeoBio-Center LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kadeem J Gilbert
- Department of Plant Biology & W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060, USA
| | - Qianshi Lin
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Tanya Renner
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Christian Stigloher
- Imaging Core Facility of the Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Victor A Albert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Lin Q, Ané C, Givnish TJ, Graham SW. A new carnivorous plant lineage ( Triantha) with a unique sticky-inflorescence trap. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022724118. [PMID: 34373325 PMCID: PMC8379919 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022724118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnivorous plants consume animals for mineral nutrients that enhance growth and reproduction in nutrient-poor environments. Here, we report that Triantha occidentalis (Tofieldiaceae) represents a previously overlooked carnivorous lineage that captures insects on sticky inflorescences. Field experiments, isotopic data, and mixing models demonstrate significant N transfer from prey to Triantha, with an estimated 64% of leaf N obtained from prey capture in previous years, comparable to levels inferred for the cooccurring round-leaved sundew, a recognized carnivore. N obtained via carnivory is exported from the inflorescence and developing fruits and may ultimately be transferred to next year's leaves. Glandular hairs on flowering stems secrete phosphatase, as seen in all carnivorous plants that directly digest prey. Triantha is unique among carnivorous plants in capturing prey solely with sticky traps adjacent to its flowers, contrary to theory. However, its glandular hairs capture only small insects, unlike the large bees and butterflies that act as pollinators, which may minimize the conflict between carnivory and pollination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianshi Lin
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
- UBC Botanical Garden, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Cécile Ané
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53706
| | - Thomas J Givnish
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sean W Graham
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- UBC Botanical Garden, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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A metabolomic study of Gomphrena agrestis in Brazilian Cerrado suggests drought-adaptive strategies on metabolism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12933. [PMID: 34155311 PMCID: PMC8217525 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is the main factor that limits the distribution and productivity of plant species. In the Brazilian Cerrado, the vegetation is adapted to a seasonal climate with long- and short-term periods of drought. To analyze the metabolic strategies under such conditions, a metabolomic approach was used to characterize Gomphrena agrestis Mart. (Amaranthaceae) a native species that grows under natural conditions, in a rock-field area. Roots and leaves material from native specimens were sampled along different seasons of the year and LC–MS and GC–MS analyzed for multiple chemical constituents. The datasets derived from the different measurements were combined and evaluated using multivariate analysis. Principal component analysis was used to obtain an overview of the samples and identify outliers. Later, the data was analyzed with orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis to obtain valid models that could explain the metabolite variations in the different seasons. Two hundred and eighty metabolites were annotated, generating a unique database to characterize metabolic strategies used to cope with the effects of drought. The accumulation of fructans in the thickened roots is consistent with the storage of carbons during the rainy season to support the energy demand during a long period of drought. The accumulation of Abscisic acid, sugars and sugar alcohols, phenolics, and pigment in the leaves suggests physiological adaptations. To cope with long-term drought, the data suggests that tissue water status and storage of reserves are important to support plant survival and regrowth. However, during short-term drought, osmoregulation and oxidative protection seems to be essential, probably to support the maintenance of active photosynthesis.
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7
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Cross AT, Krueger TA, Gonella PM, Robinson AS, Fleischmann AS. Conservation of carnivorous plants in the age of extinction. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Maurer D, Weber D, Ballering E, Alfarraj S, Albasher G, Hedrich R, Werner C, Rennenberg H. Photosynthetic cyclic electron transport provides ATP for homeostasis during trap closure in Dionaea muscipula. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 125:485-494. [PMID: 31711177 PMCID: PMC7061167 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The processes connected with prey capture and the early consumption of prey by carnivorous Dionaea muscipula require high amounts of energy. The aim of the present study was to identify processes involved in flytrap energy provision and ATP homeostasis under these conditions. METHODS We determined photosynthetic CO2 uptake and chlorophyll fluorescence as well as the dynamics of ATP contents in the snap traps upon closure with and without prey. KEY RESULTS The results indicate that upon prey capture, a transient switch from linear to cyclic electron transport mediates a support of ATP homeostasis. Beyond 4 h after prey capture, prey resources contribute to the traps' ATP pool and, 24 h after prey capture, export of prey-derived resources to other plant organs may become preferential and causes a decline in ATP contents. CONCLUSIONS Apparently, the energy demand of the flytrap for prey digestion and nutrient mining builds on both internal and prey-derived resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maurer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Weber
- Phytoprove Plant Analytics UG, Senckenberg Biodiversity & Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Ballering
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Salah Alfarraj
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gada Albasher
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Werner
- Chair of Ecosystem Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Abrahão A, de Britto Costa P, Teodoro GS, Lambers H, Nascimento DL, Adrián López de Andrade S, Ryan MH, Silva Oliveira R. Vellozioid roots allow for habitat specialization among rock‐ and soil‐dwelling Velloziaceae in
campos rupestres. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Abrahão
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Institute of Biology University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
- Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany
| | - Patricia de Britto Costa
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Institute of Biology University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
| | | | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
| | - Diego L. Nascimento
- Geosciences Institute Universidade Estadual de Campinas Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Campinas Brazil
| | | | - Megan H. Ryan
- School of Agriculture and Environment University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
| | - Rafael Silva Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Institute of Biology University of Campinas – UNICAMP Campinas Brazil
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley (Perth) WA Australia
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10
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Bernabé TN, de Omena PM, Santos VPD, de Siqueira VM, de Oliveira VM, Romero GQ. Warming weakens facilitative interactions between decomposers and detritivores, and modifies freshwater ecosystem functioning. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:3170-3186. [PMID: 29485732 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Warming is among the major drivers of changes in biotic interactions and, in turn, ecosystem functioning. The decomposition process occurs in a chain of facilitative interactions between detritivores and microorganisms. It remains unclear, however, what effect warming may have on the interrelations between detritivores and microorganisms, and the consequences for the functioning of natural freshwater ecosystems. To address these gaps, we performed a field experiment using tank bromeliads and their associated aquatic fauna. We manipulated the presence of bacteria and detritivorous macroinvertebrates (control, "bacteria," and "bacteria + macroinvertebrates") under ambient and warming scenarios, and analyzed the effects on the microorganisms and ecosystem functioning (detritus mass loss, colored dissolved organic matter, and nitrogen flux). We applied antibiotic solution to eliminate or reduce bacteria from control bromeliads. After 60 days incubation, bacterial density was higher in the presence than in the absence of macroinvertebrates. In the absence of macroinvertebrates, temperature did not influence bacterial density. However, in the presence of macroinvertebrates, bacterial density decreased by 54% with warming. The magnitude of the effects of organisms on ecosystem functioning was higher in the combined presence of bacteria and macroinvertebrates. However, warming reduced the overall positive effects of detritivores on bacterial density, which in turn, cascaded down to ecosystem functioning by decreasing decomposition and nitrogen flux. These results show the existence of facilitative mechanisms between bacteria and detritivores in the decomposition process, which might collapse due to warming. Detritivores seem to contribute to nutrient cycling as they facilitate bacterial populations, probably by increasing nutrient input (feces) in the ecosystem. However, increased temperature mitigated these beneficial effects. Our results add to a growing research body that shows that warming can affect the structure of aquatic communities, and highlight the importance of considering the interactive effects between facilitation and climatic drivers on the functioning of freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago N Bernabé
- Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity (LIMBIO), Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Paula M de Omena
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity (LIMBIO), Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Viviane Piccin Dos Santos
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Virgínia M de Siqueira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Valéria M de Oliveira
- Microbial Resources Division, Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture (CPQBA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q Romero
- Laboratory of Multitrophic Interactions and Biodiversity (LIMBIO), Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Brazilian Research Network on Climate Change (Rede Clima), São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Yilamujiang A, Zhu A, Ligabue-Braun R, Bartram S, Witte CP, Hedrich R, Hasabe M, Schöner CR, Schöner MG, Kerth G, Carlini CR, Mithöfer A. Coprophagous features in carnivorous Nepenthes plants: a task for ureases. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11647. [PMID: 28912541 PMCID: PMC5599630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Most terrestrial carnivorous plants are specialized on insect prey digestion to obtain additional nutrients. Few species of the genus Nepenthes developed mutualistic relationships with mammals for nitrogen supplementation. Whether dietary changes require certain enzymatic composition to utilize new sources of nutrients has rarely been tested. Here, we investigated the role of urease for Nepenthes hemsleyana that gains nitrogen from the bat Kerivoula hardwickii while it roosts inside the pitchers. We hypothesized that N. hemsleyana is able to use urea from the bats’ excrements. In fact, we demonstrate that 15N-enriched urea provided to Nepenthes pitchers is metabolized and its nitrogen is distributed within the plant. As ureases are necessary to degrade urea, these hydrolytic enzymes should be involved. We proved the presence and enzymatic activity of a urease for Nepenthes plant tissues. The corresponding urease cDNA from N. hemsleyana was isolated and functionally expressed. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis for eukaryotic ureases, including Nepenthes and five other carnivorous plants’ taxa, identified them as canonical ureases and reflects the plant phylogeny. Hence, this study reveals ureases as an emblematic example for an efficient, low-cost but high adaptive plasticity in plants while developing a further specialized lifestyle from carnivory to coprophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayufu Yilamujiang
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Anting Zhu
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Stefan Bartram
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Caroline R Schöner
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael G Schöner
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gerald Kerth
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Célia R Carlini
- Center of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Brain Institute (BRAINS-InsCer), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Plank Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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12
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Selosse MA, Charpin M, Not F. Mixotrophy everywhere on land and in water: thegrand écarthypothesis. Ecol Lett 2016; 20:246-263. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution; Biodiversité (ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS; MNHN; UPMC; EPHE); Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle; Sorbonne Universités; 57 rue Cuvier CP50 75005 Paris France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation; University of Gdansk; Wita Stwosza 59 80-308 Gdansk Poland
| | - Marie Charpin
- Université Blaise Pascal; Clermont-Ferrand; CNRS Laboratoire micro-organismes: Génome et Environnement; UMR 6023 1 Impasse Amélie Murat 63178 Aubière France
| | - Fabrice Not
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Université Paris 06; CNRS; Laboratoire Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin UMR7144; Station Biologique de Roscoff; 29680 Roscoff France
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Lymbery SJ, Didham RK, Hopper SD, Simmons LW. Mutualists or parasites? Context-dependent influence of symbiotic fly larvae on carnivorous investment in the Albany pitcher plant. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160690. [PMID: 28018659 PMCID: PMC5180157 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carnivorous plants allocate more resources to carnivorous structures under nutrient-limited conditions, and relative investment can also be influenced by animals (infauna) that live in association with these plants and feed on their prey. We investigated these effects within a population of the pitcher plant Cephalotus follicularis containing varying densities of larvae of the fly Badisis ambulans. For plants with a relatively high proportion of adult pitchers, increasing larval density was associated with lower relative leaf allocation to new pitcher buds. For plants with relatively few adult pitchers, however, there was greater relative leaf allocation to pitcher buds with increasing larval density. In a field experiment, there was no significant effect of experimental larval presence or absence on the change in carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio of plants. Although the direction of the correlation between B. ambulans larvae and relative investment in carnivorous and non-carnivorous structures depends on the relative number of mature structures, whether the larvae enhance or reduce nutrient stress under different conditions remains unclear. The change in C/N was, however, less variable for pitchers that contained larvae, suggesting a stabilizing effect. Eighteen of 52 experimental pitchers were damaged by an unknown species, causing the pitcher fluid to drain. These pitchers were significantly more likely to survive if they contained larvae. These results suggest that the relationship between infauna and host varies with the initial resource status and environmental context of the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. Lymbery
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Raphael K. Didham
- School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, CSIRO Land and Water, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia
| | - Stephen D. Hopper
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management, and School of Plant Biology, The University of Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia
| | - Leigh W. Simmons
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Pavlovič A, Saganová M. A novel insight into the cost-benefit model for the evolution of botanical carnivory. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:1075-92. [PMID: 25948113 PMCID: PMC4648460 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cost-benefit model for the evolution of botanical carnivory provides a conceptual framework for interpreting a wide range of comparative and experimental studies on carnivorous plants. This model assumes that the modified leaves called traps represent a significant cost for the plant, and this cost is outweighed by the benefits from increased nutrient uptake from prey, in terms of enhancing the rate of photosynthesis per unit leaf mass or area (AN) in the microsites inhabited by carnivorous plants. SCOPE This review summarizes results from the classical interpretation of the cost-benefit model for evolution of botanical carnivory and highlights the costs and benefits of active trapping mechanisms, including water pumping, electrical signalling and accumulation of jasmonates. Novel alternative sequestration strategies (utilization of leaf litter and faeces) in carnivorous plants are also discussed in the context of the cost-benefit model. CONCLUSIONS Traps of carnivorous plants have lower AN than leaves, and the leaves have higher AN after feeding. Prey digestion, water pumping and electrical signalling represent a significant carbon cost (as an increased rate of respiration, RD) for carnivorous plants. On the other hand, jasmonate accumulation during the digestive period and reprogramming of gene expression from growth and photosynthesis to prey digestion optimizes enzyme production in comparison with constitutive secretion. This inducibility may have evolved as a cost-saving strategy beneficial for carnivorous plants. The similarities between plant defence mechanisms and botanical carnivory are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Pavlovič
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic and Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic and Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Saganová
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic and Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, SK-842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Oliveira RS, Galvão HC, de Campos MCR, Eller CB, Pearse SJ, Lambers H. Mineral nutrition of campos rupestres plant species on contrasting nutrient-impoverished soil types. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1183-1194. [PMID: 25425486 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In Brazil, the campos rupestres occur over the Brazilian shield, and are characterized by acidic nutrient-impoverished soils, which are particularly low in phosphorus (P). Despite recognition of the campos rupestres as a global biodiversity hotspot, little is known about the diversity of P-acquisition strategies and other aspects of plant mineral nutrition in this region. To explore nutrient-acquisition strategies and assess aspects of plant P nutrition, we measured leaf P and nitrogen (N) concentrations, characterized root morphology and determined the percentage arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization of 50 dominant species in six communities, representing a gradient of soil P availability. Leaf manganese (Mn) concentration was measured as a proxy for carboxylate-releasing strategies. Communities on the most P-impoverished soils had the highest proportion of nonmycorrhizal (NM) species, the lowest percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, and the greatest diversity of root specializations. The large spectrum of leaf P concentration and variation in root morphologies show high functional diversity for nutritional strategies. Higher leaf Mn concentrations were observed in NM compared with AM species, indicating that carboxylate-releasing P-mobilizing strategies are likely to be present in NM species. The soils of the campos rupestres are similar to the most P-impoverished soils in the world. The prevalence of NM strategies indicates a strong global functional convergence in plant mineral nutrition strategies among severely P-impoverished ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hugo C Galvão
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mariana C R de Campos
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Cleiton B Eller
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 255, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Stuart J Pearse
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
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Convergence of a specialized root trait in plants from nutrient-impoverished soils: phosphorus-acquisition strategy in a nonmycorrhizal cactus. Oecologia 2014; 176:345-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-014-3033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gonçalves AZ, Hoffmann FL, Mercier H, Mazzafera P, Romero GQ. Phyllosphere Bacteria Improve Animal Contribution to Plant Nutrition. Biotropica 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Z. Gonçalves
- Pós-graduação em Ecologia; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); CP 6109 CEP 13083-970 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando L. Hoffmann
- Departamento de Engenharia e Tecnologia de Alimentos; IBILCE; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265 CEP 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Helenice Mercier
- Departamento de Botânica; Instituto de Biociências; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Rua do Matão 277 CEP 05508-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Paulo Mazzafera
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); CP 6109 CEP 13083-970 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
| | - Gustavo Q. Romero
- Departamento de Biologia Animal; Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); CP 6109 CEP 13083-970 Campinas São Paulo Brazil
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