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Paul ALD, Isnard S, Wawryk CM, Erskine PD, Echevarria G, Baker AJM, Kirby JK, van der Ent A. Intensive cycling of nickel in a New Caledonian forest dominated by hyperaccumulator trees. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1040-1055. [PMID: 34053139 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The hyperaccumulator Pycnandra acuminata is a New Caledonian rainforest tree known to have the highest concentration of nickel in any living organism, with 25 wt% nickel in its latex. All trees (with a diameter of >10 cm) and soil profiles in a 0.25-hectare permanent plot were sampled to assess the biogeochemical compartmentalisation of nickel in a dense stand of P. acuminata trees. Nickel stable isotope analysis permitted insights into the cycling of nickel in this ecosystem. The total tree biomass of the plot was calculated to be 281 tonnes ha-1 , which contained 0.44 kg of cobalt, 49.1 kg of manganese, 257 kg of nickel and 6.76 kg of zinc. Nickel stable isotope analysis identified the biotic origin of the nickel in the soil upper layers, with P. acuminata shoots enriched in lighter nickel isotopes. The δ60 Ni latex signature suggests that long-distance transport, radial xylem and phloem loading are at play in P. acuminata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian L D Paul
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- AMAP, University of Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, 34980, France
- AMAP, Herbier de Nouvelle-Calédonie, IRD, Nouméa, 98848, Nouvelle Calédonie
| | - Christine M Wawryk
- Land and Water Business Unit, Industry Environments Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Peter D Erskine
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Guillaume Echevarria
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France
| | - Alan J M Baker
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jason K Kirby
- Land and Water Business Unit, Industry Environments Program, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Antony van der Ent
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, Université de Lorraine-INRAE, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, 54500, France
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Pillon Y, Jaffré T, Birnbaum P, Bruy D, Cluzel D, Ducousso M, Fogliani B, Ibanez T, Jourdan H, Lagarde L, Léopold A, Munzinger J, Pouteau R, Read J, Isnard S. Infertile landscapes on an old oceanic island: the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The OCBIL theory comprises a set of hypotheses to comprehend the biota of old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs). Here, we review evidence from the literature to evaluate the extent to which this theory could apply to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia. We present geological, pedological and climatic evidence suggesting how the island might qualify as an OCBIL. The predictions of OCBIL theory are then reviewed in the context of New Caledonia. There is evidence for a high rate of micro-endemism, accumulation of relict lineages, a high incidence of dioecy, myrmecochory and nutritional specializations in plants. New Caledonian vegetation also exhibits several types of monodominant formations that reveal the importance of disturbances on the island. Fires and tropical storms are likely to be important factors that contribute to the dynamic of New Caledonian ecosystems. Although naturally infertile, there is archaeological evidence that humans developed specific horticultural practices in the ultramafic landscapes of New Caledonia. Further comparisons between New Caledonia and other areas of the world, such as South Africa and Southwest Australia, are desirable, to develop the OCBIL theory into a more robust and generalized, testable framework and to determine the most efficient strategies to preserve their outstanding biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Pillon
- LSTM, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Tanguy Jaffré
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, Herbier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Philippe Birnbaum
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, Herbier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), équipe SolVeg, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - David Bruy
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, Herbier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Dominique Cluzel
- ISEA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Marc Ducousso
- LSTM, IRD, INRAE, CIRAD, Institut Agro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Fogliani
- ISEA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Thomas Ibanez
- Department of Biology, University of Hawai′i at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Hervé Jourdan
- IMBE, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Louis Lagarde
- TROCA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Audrey Léopold
- Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), équipe SolVeg, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - Jérôme Munzinger
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Robin Pouteau
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
| | - Jennifer Read
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandrine Isnard
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, IRD, CIRAD, Herbier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, New Caledonia
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Ibanez T, Blanchard E, Hequet V, Keppel G, Laidlaw M, Pouteau R, Vandrot H, Birnbaum P. High endemism and stem density distinguish New Caledonian from other high-diversity rainforests in the Southwest Pacific. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 121:25-35. [PMID: 29077788 PMCID: PMC5786226 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia is globally renowned for the diversity and endemism of its flora. New Caledonia's tropical rainforests have been reported to have higher stem densities, higher concentrations of relictual lineages and higher endemism than other rainforests. This study investigates whether these aspects differ in New Caledonian rainforests compared to other high-diversity rainforests in the Southwest Pacific. METHODS Plants (with a diameter at breast height ≥10 cm) were surveyed in nine 1-ha rainforest plots across the main island of New Caledonia and compared with 14 1-ha plots in high-diversity rainforests of the Southwest Pacific (in Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands). This facilitated a comparison of stem densities, taxonomic composition and diversity, and species turnover among plots and countries. KEY RESULTS The study inventoried 11 280 stems belonging to 335 species (93 species ha-1 on average) in New Caledonia. In comparison with other rainforests in the Southwest Pacific, New Caledonian rainforests exhibited higher stem density (1253 stems ha-1 on average) including abundant palms and tree ferns, with the high abundance of the latter being unparalleled outside New Caledonia. In all plots, the density of relictual species was ≥10 % for both stems and species, with no discernible differences among countries. Species endemism, reaching 89 % on average, was significantly higher in New Caledonia. Overall, species turnover increased with geographical distance, but not among New Caledonian plots. CONCLUSIONS High stem density, high endemism and a high abundance of tree ferns with stem diameters ≥10 cm are therefore unique characteristics of New Caledonian rainforests. High endemism and high spatial species turnover imply that the current system consisting of a few protected areas is inadequate, and that the spatial distribution of plant species needs to be considered to adequately protect the exceptional flora of New Caledonian rainforests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ibanez
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Diversité biologique et fonctionnelle des écosystèmes terrestres, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- For correspondence. Email
| | - E Blanchard
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Diversité biologique et fonctionnelle des écosystèmes terrestres, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - V Hequet
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR AMAP, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - G Keppel
- School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia, GPO, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - M Laidlaw
- Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Toowong, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Pouteau
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Diversité biologique et fonctionnelle des écosystèmes terrestres, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - H Vandrot
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Diversité biologique et fonctionnelle des écosystèmes terrestres, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - P Birnbaum
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Diversité biologique et fonctionnelle des écosystèmes terrestres, Nouméa, New Caledonia
- Cirad, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France
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Schmitt S, Pouteau R, Justeau D, Boissieu F, Birnbaum P. ssdm
: An
r
package to predict distribution of species richness and composition based on stacked species distribution models. Methods Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Schmitt
- Botany and Applied Plant Ecology LaboratoryNew Caledonian Agronomic Institute (IAC) Nouméa New Caledonia
| | - Robin Pouteau
- Botany and Applied Plant Ecology LaboratoryNew Caledonian Agronomic Institute (IAC) Nouméa New Caledonia
| | - Dimitri Justeau
- Botany and Applied Plant Ecology LaboratoryNew Caledonian Agronomic Institute (IAC) Nouméa New Caledonia
| | - Florian Boissieu
- Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) Noumea New Caledonia
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Fois M, Fenu G, Cañadas EM, Bacchetta G. Disentangling the influence of environmental and anthropogenic factors on the distribution of endemic vascular plants in Sardinia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182539. [PMID: 28767717 PMCID: PMC5540478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the impelling urgency of plant conservation and the increasing availability of high resolution spatially interpolated (e.g. climate variables) and categorical data (e.g. land cover and vegetation type), many recent studies have examined relationships among plant species distributions and a diversified set of explanatory factors; nevertheless, global and regional patterns of endemic plant richness remain in many cases unexplained. One such pattern is the 294 endemic vascular plant taxa recorded on a 1 km resolution grid on the environmentally heterogeneous island of Sardinia. Sixteen predictors, including topographic, geological, climatic and anthropogenic factors, were used to model local (number of taxa inside each 1 km grid cell) Endemic Vascular Plant Richness (EVPR). Generalized Linear Models were used to evaluate how each factor affected the distribution of local EVPR. Significant relationships with local EVPR and topographic, geological, climatic and anthropogenic factors were found. In particular, elevation explained the larger fraction of variation in endemic richness but other environmental factors (e.g. precipitation seasonality and slope) and human-related factors (e.g. the Human Influence Index (HII) and the proportion of anthropogenic land uses) were, respectively, positively and negatively correlated with local EVPR. Regional EVPR (number of endemic taxa inside each 100 m elevation interval) was also measured to compare local and regional EVPR patterns along the elevation gradient. In contrast to local, regional EVPR tended to decrease with altitude partly due to the decreasing area covered along altitude. The contrasting results between local and regional patterns suggest that local richness increases as a result of increased interspecific aggregation along altitude, whereas regional richness may depend on the interaction between area and altitude. This suggests that the shape and magnitude of the species-area relationship might vary with elevation. This work provides-for the first time in Sardinia-a comprehensive analysis of the influence of environmental factors on the pattern of EVPR in the entire territory, from sea level to the highest peaks. Elevation, as well as other environmental and human-related variables, were confirmed to be influencing factors. In addition, variations of EVPR patterns at regional-to-local spatial scales inspire next investigations on the possible interaction between elevation and area in explaining patterns of plant species richness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Fois
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
- Dipartimento di Biologia Ambientale, ‘Sapienza’ Università di Roma, Roma, Italia
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Maria Cañadas
- Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gianluigi Bacchetta
- Centro Conservazione Biodiversità (CCB), Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italia
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Trueba S, Pouteau R, Lens F, Feild TS, Isnard S, Olson ME, Delzon S. Vulnerability to xylem embolism as a major correlate of the environmental distribution of rain forest species on a tropical island. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:277-289. [PMID: 27862015 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Increases in drought-induced tree mortality are being observed in tropical rain forests worldwide and are also likely to affect the geographical distribution of tropical vegetation. However, the mechanisms underlying the drought vulnerability and environmental distribution of tropical species have been little studied. We measured vulnerability to xylem embolism (P50 ) of 13 woody species endemic to New Caledonia and with different xylem conduit morphologies. We examined the relation between P50 , along with other leaf and xylem functional traits, and a range of habitat variables. Selected species had P50 values ranging between -4.03 and -2.00 MPa with most species falling in a narrow range of resistance to embolism above -2.7 MPa. Embolism vulnerability was significantly correlated with elevation, mean annual temperature and percentage of species occurrences located in rain forest habitats. Xylem conduit type did not explain variation in P50 . Commonly used functional traits such as wood density and leaf traits were not related to embolism vulnerability. Xylem embolism vulnerability stands out among other commonly used functional traits as a major driver of species environmental distribution. Drought-induced xylem embolism vulnerability behaves as a physiological trait closely associated with the habitat occupation of rain forest woody species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Pouteau
- Institut Agronomique néo-Calédonien (IAC), Diversité biologique et fonctionnelle des écosystèmes terrestes, 98848, Noumea, New Caledonia
| | - Frederic Lens
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden University, PO Box 9517, 2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Taylor S Feild
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | | | - Mark E Olson
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n de Ciudad Universitaria, México DF, 04510, Mexico
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Traveset A, Fernández-Palacios JM, Kueffer C, Bellingham PJ, Morden C, Drake DR. Introduction to the Special Issue: Advances in island plant biology since Sherwin Carlquist's Island Biology. AOB PLANTS 2015; 8:plv148. [PMID: 26722109 PMCID: PMC4740358 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Sherwin Carlquist's seminal publications-in particular his classic Island Biology, published in 1974-formulated hypotheses specific to island biology that remain valuable today. This special issue brings together some of the most interesting contributions presented at the First Island Biology Symposium hosted in Honolulu on 7-11 July 2014. We compiled a total of 18 contributions that present data from multiple archipelagos across the world and from different disciplines within the plant sciences. In this introductory paper, we first provide a short overview of Carlquist's life and work and then summarize the main findings of the collated papers. A first group of papers deals with issues to which Carlquist notably contributed: long-distance dispersal, adaptive radiation and plant reproductive biology. The findings of such studies demonstrate the extent to which the field has advanced thanks to (i) the increasing availability and richness of island data, covering many taxonomic groups and islands; (ii) new information from the geosciences, phylogenetics and palaeoecology, which allows us a more realistic understanding of the geological and biological development of islands and their biotas; and (iii) the new theoretical and methodological advances that allow us to assess patterns of abundance, diversity and distribution of island biota over large spatial scales. Most other papers in the issue cover a range of topics related to plant conservation on islands, such as causes and consequences of mutualistic disruptions (due to pollinator or disperser losses, introduction of alien predators, etc.). Island biologists are increasingly considering reintroducing ecologically important species to suitable habitats within their historic range and to neighbouring islands with depauperate communities of vertebrate seed dispersers, and an instructive example is given here. Finally, contributions on ecological networks demonstrate the usefulness of this methodological tool to advancing conservation management and better predicting the consequences of disturbances on species and interactions in the fragile insular ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Traveset
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), C/Miquel Marqués 21, 07190 Esporles, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - José María Fernández-Palacios
- Island Ecology and Biogeography Research Group, Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna 38206, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Christoph Kueffer
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Clifford Morden
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Donald R Drake
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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