1
|
Parodi L, Comeau ME, Georgakis MK, Mayerhofer E, Chung J, Falcone GJ, Malik R, Demel SL, Worrall BB, Koch S, Testai FD, Kittner SJ, McCauley JL, Hall CE, Mayson DJ, Elkind MSV, James ML, Woo D, Rosand J, Langefeld CD, Anderson CD. Deep Resequencing of the 1q22 Locus in Non-Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:325-337. [PMID: 37787451 PMCID: PMC10843118 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genome-wide association studies have identified 1q22 as a susceptibility locus for cerebral small vessel diseases, including non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and lacunar stroke. In the present study, we performed targeted high-depth sequencing of 1q22 in ICH cases and controls to further characterize this locus and prioritize potential causal mechanisms, which remain unknown. METHODS A total of 95,000 base pairs spanning 1q22, including SEMA4A, SLC25A44, and PMF1/PMF1-BGLAP were sequenced in 1,055 spontaneous ICH cases (534 lobar and 521 non-lobar) and 1,078 controls. Firth regression and Rare Variant Influential Filtering Tool analysis were used to analyze common and rare variants, respectively. Chromatin interaction analyses were performed using Hi-C, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing, and chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag databases. Multivariable Mendelian randomization assessed whether alterations in gene-specific expression relative to regionally co-expressed genes at 1q22 could be causally related to ICH risk. RESULTS Common and rare variant analyses prioritized variants in SEMA4A 5'-UTR and PMF1 intronic regions, overlapping with active promoter and enhancer regions based on ENCODE annotation. Hi-C data analysis determined that 1q22 is spatially organized in a single chromatin loop, and that the genes therein belong to the same topologically associating domain. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing and chromatin interaction analysis with paired-end tag data analysis highlighted the presence of long-range interactions between the SEMA4A-promoter and PMF1-enhancer regions prioritized by association testing. Multivariable Mendelian randomization analyses demonstrated that PMF1 overexpression could be causally related to non-lobar ICH risk. INTERPRETATION Altered promoter-enhancer interactions leading to PMF1 overexpression, potentially dysregulating polyamine catabolism, could explain demonstrated associations with non-lobar ICH risk at 1q22, offering a potential new target for prevention of ICH and cerebral small vessel disease. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:325-337.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia Parodi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary E Comeau
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Marios K Georgakis
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Mayerhofer
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaeyoon Chung
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guido J Falcone
- Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rainer Malik
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sebastian Koch
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fernando D Testai
- Department of Neurology & Neurorehabilitation, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven J Kittner
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacob L McCauley
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christiana E Hall
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Douglas J Mayson
- Division of Stroke, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mitchell S V Elkind
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Daniel Woo
- Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan Rosand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Parodi L, Comeau ME, Georgakis MK, Mayerhofer E, Chung J, Falcone GJ, Malik R, Demel SL, Worrall BB, Koch S, Testai FD, Kittner SJ, McCauley JL, Hall CE, Mayson DJ, Elkind MS, James ML, Woo D, Rosand J, Langefeld CD, Anderson CD. Deep resequencing of the 1q22 locus in non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.04.18.23288754. [PMID: 37162822 PMCID: PMC10168419 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.23288754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective Genome-wide association studies have identified 1q22 as a susceptibility locus for cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVDs), including non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and lacunar stroke. In the present study we performed targeted high-depth sequencing of 1q22 in ICH cases and controls to further characterize this locus and prioritize potential causal mechanisms, which remain unknown. Methods 95,000 base pairs spanning 1q22 , including SEMA4A, SLC25A44 and PMF1 / PMF1-BGLAP were sequenced in 1,055 spontaneous ICH cases (534 lobar and 521 non-lobar) and 1,078 controls. Firth regression and RIFT analysis were used to analyze common and rare variants, respectively. Chromatin interaction analyses were performed using Hi-C, ChIP-Seq and ChIA-PET databases. Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) assessed whether alterations in gene-specific expression relative to regionally co-expressed genes at 1q22 could be causally related to ICH risk. Results Common and rare variant analyses prioritized variants in SEMA4A 5'-UTR and PMF1 intronic regions, overlapping with active promoter and enhancer regions based on ENCODE annotation. Hi-C data analysis determined that 1q22 is spatially organized in a single chromatin loop and that the genes therein belong to the same Topologically Associating Domain. ChIP-Seq and ChIA-PET data analysis highlighted the presence of long-range interactions between the SEMA4A -promoter and PMF1 -enhancer regions prioritized by association testing. MVMR analyses demonstrated that PMF1 overexpression could be causally related to non-lobar ICH risk. Interpretation Altered promoter-enhancer interactions leading to PMF1 overexpression, potentially dysregulating polyamine catabolism, could explain demonstrated associations with non-lobar ICH risk at 1q22 , offering a potential new target for prevention of ICH and CSVD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Nam Hoang N, Kodama T, Nwet Win N, Prema, Minh Do K, Abe I, Morita H. A New Monoterpene from the Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga and Its Anti-Vpr Activity. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100401. [PMID: 34415099 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new menthane-type monoterpene, alpigalanol (1), together with four known terpenes (2-5) were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the 70 % ethanol extract of the Alpinia galanga rhizomes. The structure of 1 was determined by spectroscopic analyses, including 1D- and 2D-NMR. The extract of the A. galanga rhizomes and all isolated compounds (1-5) possessed Vpr inhibitory activities against the TREx-HeLa-Vpr cells at a concentration of 1.25 μM without showing any cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nhat Nam Hoang
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kodama
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Nwet Nwet Win
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Prema
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, University of Yangon, Yangon, 11041, Myanmar
| | - Kiep Minh Do
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi 1-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630-Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kojima-Yuasa A, Matsui-Yuasa I. Pharmacological Effects of 1'-Acetoxychavicol Acetate, a Major Constituent in the Rhizomes of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera. J Med Food 2020; 23:465-475. [PMID: 32069429 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is found in the rhizomes or seeds of Alpinia galanga and Alpinia conchigera, which are used as traditional spices in cooking and traditional medicines in Southeast Asia. ACA possesses numerous medicinal properties. Those include anticancer, antiobesity, antiallergy, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities. ACA is also observed to exhibit antidementia activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that combining ACA with other substances results in synergistic anticancer effects. The structural factors that regulate the activity of ACA include (1) the acetyl group at position 1', (2) the acetyl group at position 4, and (3) the unsaturated double bond between positions 2' and 3'. ACA induces the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which regulates the signal transduction pathways, and has an important role in the prevention of diseases, including cancer, obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Such findings suggest that AMPK has a central role in different pharmacological functions of ACA, and ACA is useful for the prevention of life-threatening diseases. However, more studies should be performed to evaluate the clinical effects of ACA and to better understand its potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Seifi HS, Shelp BJ. Spermine Differentially Refines Plant Defense Responses Against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:117. [PMID: 30800140 PMCID: PMC6376314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Roles of the major polyamines (mPA), putrescine, spermidine, and spermine (Spm), in various developmental and physiological processes in plants have been well documented. Recently, there has been increasing focus on the link between mPA metabolism and defense response during plant-stress interactions. Empirical evidence is available for a unique role of Spm, distinct from the other mPA, in eliciting an effective defense response to (a)biotic stresses. Our understanding of the precise molecular mechanism(s) by which Spm modulates these defense mechanisms is limited. Further analysis of recent studies indicates that plant Spm functions differently during biotic and abiotic interactions in the regulation of oxidative homeostasis and phytohormone signaling. Here, we summarize and integrate current knowledge about Spm-mediated modulation of plant defense responses to (a)biotic stresses, highlighting the importance of Spm as a potent plant defense activator with broad-spectrum protective effects. A model is proposed to explain how Spm refines defense mechanisms to tailor an optimal resistance response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liew SK, Azmi MN, In LLA, Awang K, Nagoor NH. Anti-proliferative, apoptotic induction, and anti-migration effects of hemi-synthetic 1' S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate analogs on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:2763-2776. [PMID: 29075101 PMCID: PMC5609789 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s130349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine analogs of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) were hemi-synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activities against seven human cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative, apoptotic, and anti-migration effects of these compounds and to explore the plausible underlying mechanisms of action. We found that ACA and all nine analogs were non toxic to human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) used as normal control cells, and only ACA, 1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate (AEA), and 1'-acetoxy-3,5-dimethoxychavicol acetate (AMCA) inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of <30.0 μM based on 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay results, and were selected for further investigation. DNA fragmentation assays showed that these three compounds markedly induced apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. Western blot analysis revealed increased expression levels of cleaved PARP, p53, and Bax, while decreased expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL were seen after treatment, indicating that apoptosis was induced via the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, ACA, AEA, and AMCA effectively inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. They also downregulated the expression levels of pFAK/FAK and pAkt/Akt via the integrin β1-mediated signaling pathway. Collectively, ACA and its hemi-synthetic analogs, AEA and AMCA are seen as potential anticancer agents following their abilities to suppress growth, induce apoptosis, and inhibit migration of breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Ki Liew
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
| | | | - Lionel LA In
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate ameliorates age-related spatial memory deterioration by increasing serum ketone body production as a complementary energy source for neuronal cells. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 257:101-9. [PMID: 27481192 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) is naturally obtained from the rhizomes and seeds of Alpinia galangal. Here, we examined the effect of ACA on learning and memory in senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8). In mice that were fed a control diet containing 0.02% ACA for 25 weeks, the learning ability in the Morris water maze test was significantly enhanced in comparison with mice that were fed the control diet alone. In the Y-maze test, SAMP8 mice showed decreased spontaneous alterations in comparison with senescence-accelerated resistant/1 (SAMR1) mice, a homologous control, which was improved by ACA pretreatment. Serum metabolite profiles were obtained by GC-MS analysis, and each metabolic profile was plotted on a 3D score plot. Based upon the diagram, it can be seen that the distribution areas for the three groups were completely separate. Furthermore, the contents of β-hydroxybutyric acid and palmitic acid in the serum of SAMP8-ACA mice were higher than those of SAMP8-control mice and SAMR1-control mice. We also found that SAMR1 mice did not show histological abnormalities, whereas histological damage in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in SAMP8-control mice was observed. However, SAMP8-ACA mice were observed in a similar manner as SAMR1 mice. These findings confirm that ACA increases the serum concentrations of β-hydroxybutyric acid and palmitic acid levels and thus these fuels might contribute to the maintenance of the cognitive performance of SAMP8 mice.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kojima-Yuasa A, Huang X, Matsui-Yuasa I. Synergistic Anticancer Activities of Natural Substances in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Diseases 2015; 3:260-281. [PMID: 28943624 PMCID: PMC5548258 DOI: 10.3390/diseases3040260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly resistant to currently available chemotherapeutic agents. The clinical outcome of HCC treatment remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, new effective and well-tolerated therapy strategies are needed. Natural products are excellent sources for the development of new medications for disease treatment. Recently, we and other researchers have suggested that the combined effect of natural products may improve the effect of chemotherapy treatments against the proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, many combination treatments with natural products augmented intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review we will demonstrate the synergistic anticancer effects of a combination of natural products with chemotherapeutic agents or natural products against human HCC and provide new insight into the development of novel combination therapies against HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Kojima-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | - Xuedan Huang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, 5-9-1 Shirogane, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan.
| | - Isao Matsui-Yuasa
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effects of 4-nonylphenol on oxidant/antioxidant balance system inducing hepatic steatosis in male rat. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1423-1433. [PMID: 28962484 PMCID: PMC5598540 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal administration of 4-NP induces hepatic steatosis in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatocytes apoptosis is highly implicated in the occurrence and development of NAFLD. Hepatic mitochondrial disturbance promotes deleterious consequences, such as OS and accumulation of triglycerides (steatosis).
An emerging literature suggests that early life exposure to 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), a widespread endocrine disrupting chemical, may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that intraperitoneal administration of 4-NP induces hepatic steatosis in rat. 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 4-NP (0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg b.wt) in corn oil for 30 days. Liver histology, biochemical analysis and gene expression profiling were examined. After treatment, abnormal liver morphology and function were observed in the 4-NP-treated rat, and significant changes in gene expression an indicator of hepatic steatosis and apoptosis were observed compared with controls. Up-regulated genes involved in apoptosis, hepatotoxity and oxidative stress, increased ROS and decrease of antioxidant enzyme were observed in the 4-NP exposed rat. Extensive fatty accumulation in liver section and elevated serum GOT, GPT, LDH and γ-GT were also observed. Incidence and severity of liver steatosis was scored and taken into consideration (steatosis, ballooning and lobular inflammation). Hepatocytes apoptosis could promote NAFLD progression; Fas/FasL, TNF-α and Caspase-9 mRNA activation were important contributing factors to hepatic steatosis. These findings provide the first evidence that 4-NP affects the gene expression related to liver hepatotoxicity, which is correlated with hepatic steatosis.
Collapse
Key Words
- 4-NP, 4-nonylphenol
- 4-Nonylphenol
- 4-Nonylphenol (PubChem CID: 1752)
- APNEIs, alkylphenol polyethoxylates
- AhR, aril hydrocarbon receptor
- Apoptosis
- Aprotinin (PubChem CID: 22833874)
- Bouin's fluid (PubChem CID: 124013)
- Collagenase (PubChem CID: 5046512)
- Cyt c, cytochrome c
- Diamninobenzidine Tetrahydrochloride (PubChem CID: 23892)
- FAO, fatty acid oxidation
- FFA, free fatty acid
- GOT, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase
- GPT, glutamate pyruvate transaminase
- Genes
- HSC, hepatic stellate cell
- Hematoxylin Eosin (PubChem CID: 86598188)
- Hepatic steatosis
- Hydrogen peroxide (PubChem CID: 784)
- IR, insulin resistance
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- Liver
- Malondialdehyde (PubChem CID: 10964)
- NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH, non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis
- Nitrotetrazolium Blue chloride (PubChem CID: 9281)
- OS, oxidative stress
- Oxidative stress
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor
- Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PubChem CID: 4784)
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Sodium chloride (PubChem CID: 5234)
- Superoxide (PubChem CID: 5359597)
- TAG, triacylglycerol
- Thiobarbituric Acid (PubChem CID: 2723628)
- Trizol (PubChem CID: 378478)
- Tromethamine (Tris) (PubChem CID: 6503)
- Xylene (PubChem CID: 6850715)
- γ-GT, gamma glutamyltransferase
Collapse
|
10
|
Linares DM, Del Rio B, Redruello B, Ladero V, Martin MC, de Jong A, Kuipers OP, Fernandez M, Alvarez MA. AguR, a Transmembrane Transcription Activator of the Putrescine Biosynthesis Operon in Lactococcus lactis, Acts in Response to the Agmatine Concentration. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:6145-57. [PMID: 26116671 PMCID: PMC4542264 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00959-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy industry fermentative processes mostly use Lactococcus lactis as a starter. However, some dairy L. lactis strains produce putrescine, a biogenic amine that raises food safety and spoilage concerns, via the agmatine deiminase (AGDI) pathway. The enzymatic activities responsible for putrescine biosynthesis in this bacterium are encoded by the AGDI gene cluster. The role of the catabolic genes aguB, aguD, aguA, and aguC has been studied, but knowledge regarding the role of aguR (the first gene in the cluster) remains limited. In the present work, aguR was found to be a very low level constitutively expressed gene that is essential for putrescine biosynthesis and is transcribed independently of the polycistronic mRNA encoding the catabolic genes (aguBDAC). In response to agmatine, AguR acts as a transcriptional activator of the aguB promoter (PaguB), which drives the transcription of the aguBDAC operon. Inverted sequences required for PaguB activity were identified by deletion analysis. Further work indicated that AguR is a transmembrane protein which might function as a one-component signal transduction system that senses the agmatine concentration of the medium and, accordingly, regulates the transcription of the aguBDAC operon through a C-terminal cytoplasmic DNA-binding domain typically found in LuxR-like proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Linares
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Beatriz Del Rio
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Begoña Redruello
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Victor Ladero
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - M Cruz Martin
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Anne de Jong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Fernandez
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Miguel A Alvarez
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, IPLA-CSIC, Villaviciosa, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Arisan ED, Akkoç Y, Akyüz KG, Kerman EM, Obakan P, Çoker-Gürkan A, Palavan Ünsal N. Polyamines modulate the roscovitine-induced cell death switch decision autophagy vs. apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4532-40. [PMID: 25650699 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Current clinical strategies against breast cancer mainly involve the use of anti‑hormonal agents to decrease estrogen production; however, development of resistance is a major problem. The resistance phenotype depends on the modulation of cell‑cycle regulatory proteins, cyclins and cyclin‑dependent kinases. Roscovitine, a selective inhibitor of cyclin‑dependent kinases, shows high therapeutic potential by causing cell‑cycle arrest in various cancer types. Autophagy is a type of cell death characterized by the enzymatic degradation of macromolecules and organelles in double‑ or multi‑membrane autophagic vesicles. This process has important physiological functions, including the degradation of misfolded proteins and organelle turnover. Recently, the switch between autophagy and apoptosis has been proposed to constitute an important regulator of cell death in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. The process is regulated by several proteins, such as the proteins of the Atg family, essential for the initial formation of the autophagosome, and PI3K, important at the early stages of autophagic vesicle formation. Polyamines (PAs) are small aliphatic amines that play major roles in a number of eukaryotic processes, including cell proliferation. The PA levels are regulated by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate‑limiting enzyme in PA biosynthesis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PAs in roscovitine‑induced autophagic/apoptotic cell death in estrogen receptor‑positive MCF‑7 and estrogen receptor‑negative MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells. We show that MDA‑MB‑231 cells are more resistant to roscovitine than MCF‑7 cells. This difference was related to the regulation of autophagic key molecules in MDA‑MB‑231 cells. In addition, we found that exogenous PAs have a role in the cell death decision between roscovitine‑induced apoptosis or autophagy in MCF‑7 and MDA‑MB‑231 breast cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Damla Arisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul Kültür University, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Yunus Akkoç
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul Kültür University, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Kaan Gencer Akyüz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul Kültür University, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Melek Kerman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul Kültür University, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Pinar Obakan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul Kültür University, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Ajda Çoker-Gürkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul Kültür University, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| | - Narçin Palavan Ünsal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, İstanbul Kültür University, Atakoy Campus, Istanbul 34156, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
An extract of pomegranate fruit and galangal rhizome increases the numbers of motile sperm: a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded trial. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108532. [PMID: 25275520 PMCID: PMC4190413 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum) and galangal (Alpinia galanga) have separately been shown to stimulate spermatogenesis and to increase sperm counts and motility in rodents. Within traditional medicine, pomegranate fruit has long been used to increase fertility, however studies on the effect on spermatogenesis in humans have never been published. With this study we investigated whether oral intake of tablets containing standardised amounts of extract of pomegranate fruit and powder of greater galangal rhizome (Punalpin) would increase the total number of motile spermatozoa. The study was designed as a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blinded trial. Enrolment was based on the mean total number of motile spermatozoa of two ejaculates. The participants delivered an ejaculate after 4–8 days of tablet intake and two ejaculates just before they stopped taking the tablets. Seventy adult men with a semen quality not meeting the standards for commercial application at Nordic Cryobank, but without azoospermia, were included in the study. Participants were randomized to take tablets containing extract of pomegranate fruit (standardised with respect to punicalagin A+B, punicalin and ellagic acid) and freeze-dried rhizome of greater galangal (standardised with respect to 1′S-1′-acetoxychavicol acetate) or placebo on a daily basis for three months. Sixty-six participants completed the intervention (active treatment: n = 34; placebo: n = 32). After the intervention the total number of motile spermatozoa was increased in participants treated with plant extracts compared with the placebo group (p = 0.026). After three months of active treatment, the average total number of motile sperm increased by 62% (from 23.4 to 37.8 millions), while for the placebo group, the number of motile sperm increased by 20%. Sperm morphology was not affected by the treatment. Our findings may help subfertile men to gain an improved amount of motile ejaculated sperm by taking tablets containing preparations of pomegranate fruit extract and rhizome of greater galangal.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kato R, Matsui-Yuasa I, Azuma H, Kojima-Yuasa A. The synergistic effect of 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate and sodium butyrate on the death of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 212:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
14
|
Yasuda M, Kawabata K, Miyashita M, Okumura M, Yamamoto N, Takahashi M, Ashida H, Ohigashi H. Inhibitory effects of 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264 macrophages. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:462-467. [PMID: 24369884 DOI: 10.1021/jf404175t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese herb, Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei Koidzumi), contains two prenylated chalcones, 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol, which are considered to be the major active compounds of Ashitaba. However, their effects on inflammatory responses are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264 mouse macrophages. LPS-mediated production of nitric oxide (NO) was markedly reduced by 4-hydroxyderricin (10 μM) and xanthoangelol (5 μM) compared with their parent compound, chalcone (25 μM). They also inhibited LPS-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Although chalcone decreased the DNA-binding activity of both activator protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), 4-hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol suppressed only AP-1 and had no effect on NF-κB. On the other hand, all of the tested chalcones reduced the phosphorylation (at serine 536) level of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. 4-Hydroxyderricin and xanthoangelol may be promising for the prevention of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Yasuda
- Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University , 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Obakan P, Arısan ED, Özfiliz P, Çoker-Gürkan A, Palavan-Ünsal N. Purvalanol A is a strong apoptotic inducer via activating polyamine catabolic pathway in MCF-7 estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:145-54. [PMID: 24190492 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purvalanol A is a specific CDK inhibitor which triggers apoptosis by causing cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Although it has strong apoptotic potential, the mechanistic action of Purvalanol A on significant cell signaling targets has not been clarified yet. Polyamines are crucial metabolic regulators affected by CDK inhibition because of their role in cell cycle progress as well. In addition, malignant cells possess impaired polyamine homeostasis with high level of intracellular polyamines. Especially induction of polyamine catabolic enzymes spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT), polyamine oxidase (PAO) and spermine oxidase (SMO) induced toxic by-products in correlation with the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. In this study, we showed that Purvalanol A induced apoptosis in caspase- dependent manner in MCF-7 ER(+) cells, while MDA-MB-231 (ER-) cells were less sensitive against drug. In addition Bcl-2 is a critical target for Purvalanol A, since Bcl-2 overexpressed cells are more resistant to Purvalanol A-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, exposure of MCF-7 cells to Purvalanol A triggered SSAT and PAO upregulation and the presence of PAO/SMO inhibitor, MDL 72,527 prevented Purvalanol A-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Obakan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Science and Literature Faculty, Istanbul Kultur University, Atakoy Campus, 34156, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chourasiya SS, Sreedhar E, Babu KS, Shankaraiah N, Nayak VL, Ramakrishna S, Sravani S, Rao MB. Isolation, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Phenylpropanoids from the Rhizomes of Alpania galanga. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300801222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactivity guided investigation of the DCM: MeOH (1:1) extract from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga led to the isolation of phenylpropanoids (1–9) and their structures were established by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and LC-MS/MS. These compounds have been evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against the human cancer cell lines A549 (lung cancer), Colo-205 (colon cancer), A431 (skin cancer), NCI H460 (lung cancer), PC-3 (prostate cancer), and HT-29 (colon cancer). Compounds 4 and 9 showed potent anticancer activity (ranging from 1.3–19.7 μg/mL) against all the tested cancer cell lines. In addition, an asymmetric synthesis of acetoxychavicol acetate (1) and trans-p-coumaryl alcohol (4) has been accomplished in six steps starting from readily available p-hydroxybenzaldehyde for the first time. Grignard reaction and Sharpless kinetic resolution reactions were utilized as the key steps to install the basic core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit S Chourasiya
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India
| | - Eppakayala Sreedhar
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - K. Suresh Babu
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500007, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India
| | - V. Lakshma Nayak
- Division of Medicnal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 607, India
| | - S. Ramakrishna
- Division of Medicnal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 607, India
| | - S. Sravani
- Pharmacognosy Division, Manipal University, Manipal-576 104, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
The putrescine biosynthesis pathway in Lactococcus lactis is transcriptionally regulated by carbon catabolic repression, mediated by CcpA. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Ohnishi R, Matsui-Yuasa I, Deguchi Y, Yaku K, Tabuchi M, Munakata H, Akahoshi Y, Kojima-Yuasa A. 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high fat-fed rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2013; 40:1189-204. [PMID: 23227791 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpinia galanga and Languas galanga, which are plants belonging to the ginger family, are frequently used for cooking, especially in Thai and Indonesian cuisine. The compound 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), which is naturally obtained from the rhizomes and seeds of these gingers, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the anti-obesity effects of ACA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in high fat diet (HFD)-induced rat models of obesity. ACA caused a significant decrease in the activity of GPDH in 3T3-L1 adipocytes without eliciting cell cytotoxicity, and it inhibited cellular lipid accumulation through the down-regulation of transcription factors such as PPARγ and C/EBPα. ACA also induced a dose-dependent phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In the animal model, rats fed an HFD containing 0.05% ACA gained less weight than rats fed an HFD alone. The visceral fat mass in rats fed an HFD containing 0.05% ACA tended to be lower than that in rats fed an HFD alone. Furthermore, a histological examination of livers from rats fed an HFD showed steatohepatitis. However, rats fed an HFD containing 0.05% ACA showed no histopathological changes in the liver tissue. Our results show that ACA exerts anti-obesity activities both in vitro and in vivo and suggests that ACA may have a novel preventive activity against obesity and possibly other metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rie Ohnishi
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Williams M, Tietzel I, Quick QA. 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate promotes caspase 3-activated glioblastoma cell death by overcoming enhanced cytokine expression. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1968-1972. [PMID: 23833677 PMCID: PMC3700938 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain consumes ∼20% of the oxygen utilized in the human body, meaning that brain tumors are vulnerable to paradoxical physiological effects from free radical generation. In the present study, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), a naturally derived antioxidant that inhibits xanthine oxidase, was evaluated for its role as an anti-tumorigenic agent in glioblastomas. The study revealed that ACA inhibited glioblastoma cell proliferation as a consequence of promoting apoptotic cell death by enhancing caspase 3 activity. It was also shown that ACA impaired the migratory ability of glioblastoma cells by decreasing their adhesive properties. Additionally, ACA increased the protein expression levels of the pro-survival signaling cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1α, established cell protectors and survival molecules in brain tumors. Together, these results demonstrate that, despite enhanced expression of compensatory signaling molecules that contribute to tumor cell survival, ACA is an effective pro-apoptotic inducing agent in glioblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Musa Williams
- Department of Biology, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70126, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yaku K, Matsui-Yuasa I, Konishi Y, Kojima-Yuasa A. AMPK synergizes with the combined treatment of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and sodium butyrate to upregulate phase II detoxifying enzyme activities. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1198-208. [PMID: 23559539 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Phase II enzymes play important roles in detoxifying xenobiotics. We previously reported that both 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) and sodium butyrate individually increased phase II enzyme activities. Here, we determined the combined action of ACA and sodium butyrate on phase II enzyme activities in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC 6). METHODS AND RESULTS ACA and sodium butyrate synergistically increased phase II enzyme activities. Protein levels of intranuclear transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were increased by ACA or sodium butyrate treatment, but treatment with both did not produce a synergistic effect. Intranuclear p53 protein levels were increased by ACA but decreased by sodium butyrate alone or combined treatment with ACA and sodium butyrate. In contrast, p53 acetylation was promoted by sodium butyrate and the ACA and sodium butyrate combination. Inhibition of AMPK activity decreased phase II enzyme activities that were upregulated by treatment with ACA plus sodium butyrate or other phytochemicals, including kaempferol, quercetin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Combined treatment with ACA and sodium butyrate increased phosphorylated AMPK levels. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ACA and sodium butyrate synergistically contribute to xenobiotics metabolism. The combined ACA and sodium butyrate treatment synergistically upregulated phase II enzyme activities through AMPK activation and p53 acetylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Phuah NH, In LLA, Azmi MN, Ibrahim H, Awang K, Nagoor NH. Alterations of microRNA expression patterns in human cervical carcinoma cells (Ca Ski) toward 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and cisplatin. Reprod Sci 2012; 20:567-78. [PMID: 23012319 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112459220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to investigate the combined effects of a natural compound 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) with cisplatin (CDDP) on HPV-positive human cervical carcinoma cell lines (Ca Ski-low cisplatin sensitivity and HeLa-high cisplatin sensitivity), and to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) modulated in response toward ACA and/or CDDP. It was revealed that both ACA and CDDP induced dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity when used as a stand-alone agent, while synergistic effects were observed when used in combination with a combination index (CI) value of 0.74 ± 0.01 and 0.85 ± 0.01 in Ca Ski and HeLa cells, respectively. A total of 25 miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed in response to ACA and/or CDDP. These include hsa-miR-138, hsa-miR-210, and hsa-miR-744 with predicted gene targets involved in signaling pathways regulating apoptosis and cell cycle progression. In conclusion, ACA acts as a chemosensitizer which synergistically potentiates the cytotoxic effect of CDDP in cervical cancer cells. The altered miRNA expression upon administration of ACA and/or CDDP suggests that miRNAs play an important role in anticancer drug responses, which can be manipulated for therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neoh Hun Phuah
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Batra V, Syed Z, Gill JN, Coburn MA, Adegboyega P, DiGiovanni J, Mathis JM, Shi R, Clifford JL, Kleiner-Hancock HE. Effects of the tropical ginger compound,1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, against tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C transgenic mice. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2012; 31:57. [PMID: 22704648 PMCID: PMC3511812 DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-31-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a tropical ginger derived compound 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), suppresses skin tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C mice. In a two-week study in which wild-type (WT) and K5.Stat3C mice were co-treated with either vehicle, ACA, galanga extract, or fluocinolone acetonide (FA) and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), only the galanga extract and FA suppressed TPA-induced skin hyperproliferation and wet weight. None of these agents were effective at suppressing p-Tyr705Stat3 expression. However, ACA and FA showed promising inhibitory effects against skin tumorigenesis in K5.Stat3C mice. ACA also suppressed phospho-p65 NF-κB activation, suggesting a potential mechanism for its action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Batra
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Zanobia Syed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Jennifer N Gill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Malari A Coburn
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Patrick Adegboyega
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- School of Human Ecology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - J Michael Mathis
- Department of Cellular Biology & Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Runhua Shi
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - John L Clifford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Heather E Kleiner-Hancock
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yaku K, Matsui-Yuasa I, Azuma H, Kojima-Yuasa A. 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate enhances the phase II enzyme activities via the increase in intranuclear Nrf2 level and cytosolic p21 level. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2011; 39:789-802. [PMID: 21721157 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x11009196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
(1'S)-acetoxychavicol acetate ((S)-ACA) exhibits chemopreventive effects on chemically induced tumor formation. It has been shown that ACA inhibited the development of azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis through its suppression of cell proliferation in the colonic mucosa and its induction of glutathione S-transferase and quinone oxidoreductase 1 in vivo. In this study, we investigated how ACA induced these enzymes by using rat intestine epithelial cells (IEC6) in vitro. ACA induced glutathione S-transferase (GST) and NAD (P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) activities, increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) level, and upregulated intranuclear Nrf2 and cytosolic p21. It suggested that activation of phase II enzymes via Nrf2 associated with p21 is one of possible mechanisms of ACA to prevent advance of carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yaku
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Biological activity of water-soluble inclusion complexes of 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate with cyclodextrins. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3855-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
Ali MA, Poortvliet E, Strömberg R, Yngve A. Polyamines: total daily intake in adolescents compared to the intake estimated from the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations Objectified (SNO). Food Nutr Res 2011; 55:5455. [PMID: 21249160 PMCID: PMC3022765 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v55i0.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary polyamines have been shown to give a significant contribution to the body pool of polyamines. Knowing the levels of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) in different foods and the contribution of daily food choice to polyamine intake is of interest, due to the association of these bioactive amines to health and disease. OBJECTIVE To estimate polyamine intake and food contribution to this intake in adolescents compared to a diet fulfilling the Swedish Nutrition Recommendations. DESIGN A cross-sectional study of dietary intake in adolescents and an 'ideal diet' (Swedish nutrition recommendations objectified [SNO]) list of foods was used to compute polyamine intake using a database of polyamine contents of foods. For polyamine intake estimation, 7-day weighed food records collected from 93 adolescents were entered into dietetic software (Dietist XP) including data on polyamine contents of foods. The content of polyamines in foods recommended according to SNO was entered in the same way. RESULTS The adolescents' mean daily polyamine intake was 316±170 µmol/day, while the calculated contribution according to SNO was considerably higher with an average polyamine intake of 541 µmol/day. In both adolescent's intake and SNO, fruits contributed to almost half of the total polyamine intake. The reason why the intake among the adolescents was lower than the one calculated from SNO was mainly due to the low vegetable consumption in the adolescents group. CONCLUSIONS The average daily total polyamine intake was similar to that previously reported in Europe. With an 'ideal' diet according to Swedish nutrition recommendations, the intake of this bioactive non-nutrient would be higher than that reported by our adolescents and also higher than that previously reported from Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Atiya Ali
- Unit for Public health Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Niyomkam P, Kaewbumrung S, Kaewnpparat S, Panichayupakaranant P. Antibacterial activity of Thai herbal extracts on acne involved microorganism. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2010; 48:375-80. [PMID: 20645714 DOI: 10.3109/13880200903150443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of 18 Thai medicinal plants were investigated for their antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes, Stapylococcus aureus, and S. epidermidis. Thirteen plant extracts were capable of inhibiting the growth of P. acnes and S. epidermidis, while 14 plant extracts exhibited an inhibitory effect on S. aureus. Based on the broth dilution method, the ethyl acetate extract of Alpinia galanga (L.) Wild. (Zingiberaceae) rhizome showed the strongest antibacterial effect against P. acnes, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 156.0 and 312.0 microg/mL, respectively. On the basis of bioassay-guided purification, the ethyl acetate extract was isolated to afford the antibacterial active compound, which was identified as 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1'-ACA). 1'-ACA had a strong inhibitory effect on P. acnes with MIC and MBC values of 62.0 and 250.0 microg/mL, respectively. Thus, 1'-ACA was used as an indicative marker for standardization of A. galanga extract using high performance liquid chromatography. These results suggest that A. galanga extract could be an interesting agent for further studies on an alternative treatment of acne.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Niyomkam
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu S, Kojima-Yuasa A, Azuma H, Kennedy DO, Konishi Y, Matsui-Yuasa I. Comparison of glutathione reductase activity and the intracellular glutathione reducing effects of 13 derivatives of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 185:235-40. [PMID: 20230805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Revised: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study, we showed that (1'S)-acetoxychavicol acetate ((S)-ACA) caused a rapid decrease in glutathione (GSH) levels less than 15 min after exposure. (S)-ACA-induced cell death was reversed by the addition of N-acetylcysteine. In the current study, we investigated the inhibitory activities of 13 derivatives of (S)-ACA on tumor cell viability, intracellular GSH level and GR activity. Correlations were found among a decrease in cell viability, intracellular GSH levels and the activity of GR in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells treated with the various ACA analogues. A test of the 13 derivatives revealed that the structural factors regulating activity were as follows: (1) the para or 1'-position of acetoxyl group (or other acyl group) was essential, (2) the presence of a C2'-C3' double or triple bond was essential, and (3) the S configuration of the 1'-acetoxyl group was preferable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Xu
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Yasuhara T, Manse Y, Morimoto T, Qilong W, Matsuda H, Yoshikawa M, Muraoka O. Acetoxybenzhydrols as highly active and stable analogues of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol, a potent antiallergic principal from Alpinia galanga. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2944-6. [PMID: 19414259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Through SAR studies on 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (1) against Type I antiallergic activity by indexing release of beta-hexosaminidase, a marker of antigen-IgE-mediated degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells, more stable and potent analogue, 4-(methoxycarbonyloxyphenylmethyl)phenyl acetate (16), has been developed. The compound 16 also strongly inhibited the antigen-IgE-mediated TNF-alpha and IL-4 production.
Collapse
|
29
|
Min HJ, Nam JW, Yu ES, Hong JH, Seo EK, Hwang ES. Effect of naturally occurring hydroxychavicol acetate on the cytokine production in T helper cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:448-54. [PMID: 19208458 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring phenolic compounds, such as chavicol analogues, have been shown to have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We have previously isolated two chavicol acetate analogues, acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) and hydroxychavicol acetate (HCA) from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga. Although the function of ACA has been studied in many systems, the function of HCA has yet to be systemically examined. In this study, we have comparably examined the functions of ACA and HCA on the cytokine production in Th cells. ACA exhibited potent antioxidant activity and increased cell apoptosis; therefore, cytokine production by Th cells was diminished. Although HCA had neither antioxidant activity nor pro-apoptotic function, it was shown to increase IL-2 production and attenuate IFNgamma expression in Th cells. In addition, we demonstrated that HCA suppressed T-bet expression, which is responsible for IL-2 suppression and IFNgamma induction in Th cells and inhibited T-bet-mediated Th1 cell differentiation. Therefore, we suggest that HCA may be beneficial as therapeutics for treating inflammatory immune disorders caused by extravagant activation of Th1-mediated immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Min
- College of Pharmacy and Division of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Higashida M, Xu S, Kojima-Yuasa A, Kennedy DO, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Matsui-Yuasa I. 1′-Acetoxychavicol acetate-induced cytotoxicity is accompanied by a rapid and drastic modulation of glutathione metabolism. Amino Acids 2008; 36:107-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0038-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
31
|
(1'S)-Acetoxychavicol acetate and its enantiomer inhibit tumor cells proliferation via different mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2008; 172:216-23. [PMID: 18281026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2007] [Revised: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 01/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying potential anticancer drugs continues and unraveling these mechanisms would not only provide a conceptual framework for drug design but also promote use of natural products for chemotherapy. The biological effects of (1'S)-acetoxychavicol acetate ((S)-ACA) have been widely investigated. However, in most cases, a natural product or synthetic racemic compound was used in the study. In this study, we prepared (S)-ACA and its enantiomer (R)-ACA by a lipase-catalyzed esterification method and sought to determine the mechanisms of action of (S)-ACA and (R)-ACA in the growth inhibitory effect in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC). (S)-ACA caused an accumulation of tumor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, which was accompanied by a decrease in phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (Rb), an increase in Rb and a decrease in the phosphorylation of p27kip1. However, (R)-ACA caused an accumulation of tumor cells in the G2 phase of the cell cycle, an increase in hyperphosphorylated Rb and an increase in the phosphorylation of p27kip1. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that both (S)-ACA and (R)-ACA caused the inhibition of tumor cells growth but the inhibition was caused via different mechanisms.
Collapse
|
32
|
Campbell CT, Prince M, Landry GM, Kha V, Kleiner HE. Pro-apoptotic effects of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate in human breast carcinoma cells. Toxicol Lett 2007; 173:151-60. [PMID: 17766064 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The tropical ginger compound, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) possesses cancer chemopreventive properties in several models but its effects on breast cancer have not been fully evaluated. In this study, the effects of ACA on human breast carcinoma-derived MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell viability were assessed using trypan blue exclusion analysis. ACA significantly decreased cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with effective concentrations 10-50 microM. Apoptosis was confirmed by morphological examination of cells through light microscopy, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride staining, and annexin V/Alexa Fluor 488 staining visualized using flow cytometry. ACA also increased protein expression of the activated form of caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Addition of antioxidants N-acetylcysteine, ascorbic acid, or trolox prevented the loss of viability caused by ACA using trypan blue uptake as a marker. These results suggest ACA may have potential anticancer effects against breast carcinoma cells by inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl T Campbell
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Neuroscience, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Unahara Y, Kojima-Yuasa A, Higashida M, Kennedy DO, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Matsui-Yuasa I. Cellular thiol status-dependent inhibition of tumor cell growth via modulation of p27kip1 translocation and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation by 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate. Amino Acids 2006; 33:469-76. [PMID: 17031475 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-006-0437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2006] [Accepted: 09/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) has been shown to inhibit tumor cell growth, but there is limited information on its effects on cell signaling and the cell cycle control pathway. In this study, we sought to determine how ACA alters cell cycle and its related control factors in its growth inhibitory effect in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (EATC). ACA caused an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase and an inhibition of DNA synthesis, which were reversed by supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or glutathione ethyl ester (GEE). Furthermore, ACA decreased hyperphosphorylated Rb levels and increased hypophosphorylated Rb levels. NAC and GEE also abolished the decease in Rb phosphorylation by ACA. As Rb phosphorylation is regulated by G1 cyclin dependent kinase and CDK inhibitor p27(kip1), which is an important regulator of the mammalian cell cycle, we estimated the amount of p27(kip1) levels by western blotting. Treatment with ACA had virtually no effect on the amount of p27(kip1) levels, but caused a decrease in phosphorylated p27(kip1) and an increase in unphosphorylated p27(kip1) as well as an increase in the nuclear localization of p27(kip1). These events were abolished in the presence of NAC or GEE. These results suggest that in EATC, cell growth inhibition elicited by ACA involves decreases in Rb and p27(kip1) phosphorylation and an increase in nuclear localization of p27(kip1), and these events are dependent on the cellular thiol status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Unahara
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kizaki M. New Therapeutic Approach for Myeloid Leukemia: Induction of Apoptosis via Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Natural Compounds. Int J Hematol 2006; 83:283-8. [PMID: 16757425 DOI: 10.1532/ijh97.06022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic approach to acute myeloid leukemia is based on chemotherapy, but the side effects of the drugs used and various complications, including infections and bleedings, are sometimes fatal. Recently, imatinib mesylate has shown remarkable efficacy and less toxicity as a molecularly targeted therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Natural products appear to be safer than the current chemotherapeutic drugs, and we have therefore sought out new potential agents from various natural compounds with the ability to induce the apoptosis of myeloid leukemic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kizaki
- Division of Hematology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Azuma H, Miyasaka K, Yokotani T, Tachibana T, Kojima-Yuasa A, Matsui-Yuasa I, Ogino K. Lipase-catalyzed preparation of optically active 1′-acetoxychavicol acetates and their structure–activity relationships in apoptotic activity against human leukemia HL-60 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:1811-8. [PMID: 16288877 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) for apoptotic activity against human leukemia HL-60 cells were investigated using optically active ACA and various racemic ACA analogues. Natural-type (or with different acyl group) ACA showed a high apoptotic activity, but the ortho or meta isomers, 4-deacetoxy analogue, and the 2'-3' dehydrogenated derivative had no effect, or a weak activity. Optically active (R)- and (S)-ACA were prepared by a lipase-catalyzed esterification. Using a mixture of vinyl acetate-tetrahydrofuran (1:1 v/v) as a solvent at refluxing temperature, optically pure (R)- and (S)-ACA were obtained (99.7% ee and 99.1% ee, respectively). The apoptosis-inducing effects of both enantiomers were compared by means of an MTT assay and the detection of typical apoptotic phenomena (DNA fragmentation, caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage) and these two activities were almost equal. These results indicate that the essential moieties of ACA for apoptotic activity against HL-60 cells are both the presence of a 4-acetoxyl group and an unsaturated double bond between C-2' and C-3', and that the configuration at the 1'-position is unrelated to activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Azuma
- Department of Applied and Bioapplied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Osaka 558-8585, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Prabhakar BT, Khanum SA, Jayashree K, Salimath BP, Shashikanth S. Anti-tumor and proapoptotic effect of novel synthetic benzophenone analogues in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:435-46. [PMID: 16214348 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 08/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted benzophenone analogues, (2-aroyl-4-methylphenoxy)acetamides 4a-e, have been synthesized via three-step synthesis sequence beginning with the 2-hydroxybenzophenones 1a-e in excellent yield. 1a-e on reaction with ethyl chloroacetate afford ethyl (2-aroyl-4-methylphenoxy)acetates 2a-e which on alkaline hydrolysis afforded (2-aroyl-4-methylphenoxy)ethanoic acid 3a-e. Compounds 3a-e on condensation with p-chloroaniline furnished benzophenone analogues 4a-e. In the present report, we investigated the anti-tumor and proapoptotic effect of benzophenones in Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells. Treatment of benzophenones in vivo resulted in inhibition of proliferation of EAT cells and ascites formation. Further, we demonstrate that the induction of apoptosis in EAT cells is mediated through activation of caspase-3. These results suggest a further possible clinical application of these synthetic compounds as potent anti-tumor and proapoptotic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B T Prabhakar
- Department of Studies in Applied Botany and Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570 006, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Au A, Ha J, Hernandez M, Polotsky A, Hungerford DS, Frondoza CG. Nickel and vanadium metal ions induce apoptosis of T-lymphocyte Jurkat cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2006; 79:512-21. [PMID: 16788973 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Metal alloys are used as prosthetic components in the orthopaedic and dental field. However, there is growing concern over the reported leaching of metal ions from implants. Ions released from metals have been thought to be associated with local immune dysfunction, inflammation, and tissue cell death. The objective of our study was to investigate whether nickel(II) and vanadium(V), present at a smaller percentage in most alloys, are cytotoxic to T-lymphocyte cell models. Jurkat T cells possess characteristics similar to human T-lymphocytes and proliferate at a faster rate. Jurkat T cells were incubated with control media alone or with concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 microg/mL of Ni(II) or V(V) for 24 h. Both types of metal ions reduced cell viability and proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Ni(II) at 10 microg/mL and V(V) at 100 microg/mL activated Caspase-3 expression. Hoechst 33258 staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed chromatin condensation, as well as nuclear blebbing and fragmentation. Induction of DNA fragmentation by Ni(II) at 100 microg/mL was also indicated by agarose electrophoresis. Our observations indicate that Ni and V ions kill T cells via apoptotic and nonapoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Au
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, 5601 Loch Raven Blvd., Baltimore, Maryland 21239, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ito K, Nakazato T, Xian MJ, Yamada T, Hozumi N, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Ikeda Y, Kizaki M. RUNX3, a novel tumor suppressor, is frequently inactivated in gastric cancer by protein mislocalization. Cancer Res 2005; 65:4417-24. [PMID: 15899834 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of RUNX3 expression is suggested to be causally related to gastric cancer as 45% to 60% of gastric cancers do not express RUNX3 mainly due to hypermethylation of the RUNX3 promoter. Here, we examined for other defects in the properties of RUNX3 in gastric cancers that express RUNX3. Ninety-seven gastric cancer tumor specimens and 21 gastric cancer cell lines were examined by immunohistochemistry using novel anti-RUNX3 monoclonal antibodies. In normal gastric mucosa, RUNX3 was expressed most strongly in the nuclei of chief cells as well as in surface epithelial cells. In chief cells, a significant portion of the protein was also found in the cytoplasm. RUNX3 was not detectable in 43 of 97 (44%) cases of gastric cancers tested and a further 38% showed exclusive cytoplasmic localization, whereas only 18% showed nuclear localization. Evidence is presented suggesting that transforming growth factor-beta is an inducer of nuclear translocation of RUNX3, and RUNX3 in the cytoplasm of cancer cells is inactive as a tumor suppressor. RUNX3 was found to be inactive in 82% of gastric cancers through either gene silencing or protein mislocalization to the cytoplasm. In addition to the deregulation of mechanisms controlling gene expression, there would also seem to be at least one other mechanism controlling nuclear translocation of RUNX3 that is impaired frequently in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ito
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ito K, Nakazato T, Murakami A, Ohigashi H, Ikeda Y, Kizaki M. 1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate induces apoptosis of myeloma cells via induction of TRAIL. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 338:1702-10. [PMID: 16289031 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.10.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/24/2005] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A component of a traditional Thai condiment, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), is a natural compound, and it is obtained from rhizomes of the ethno-medicinal plant Languas galanga (Zingiberaceae). Our previous studies showed that ACA dramatically inhibited cellular growth of multiple myeloma cells in vivo and in vitro through the induction of apoptosis in association with the activation of caspase-8, inactivation of NF-kappaB, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Subsequently, we investigated the detailed apoptotic pathway of ACA and further demonstrated that ACA up-regulates the expression of both TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand/Apo2 ligand (TRAIL/Apo2L) and TRAIL receptor death receptor 5 (DR5). In addition, TRAIL/R-Fc chimera neutralizes the ACA-induced apoptosis. These results suggest that the death signaling of TRAIL is involved in the ACA-induced apoptosis of myeloma cells, and provide a rationale for the induction of TRAIL/Apo2L by ACA, which could potentially be used as a novel therapeutic agent in patients with multiple myeloma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ito
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ichikawa H, Takada Y, Murakami A, Aggarwal BB. Identification of a novel blocker of I kappa B alpha kinase that enhances cellular apoptosis and inhibits cellular invasion through suppression of NF-kappa B-regulated gene products. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:7383-92. [PMID: 15905586 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.7383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), extracted from rhizomes of the commonly used ethno-medicinal plant Languas galanga, has been found to suppress chemical- and virus-induced tumor initiation and promotion through a poorly understood mechanism. Because several genes that regulate cellular proliferation, carcinogenesis, metastasis, and survival are regulated by activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, we postulated that ACA might mediate its activity through modulation of NF-kappaB activation. For this report, we investigated the effect of ACA on NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression activated by various carcinogens. We found that ACA suppressed NF-kappaB activation induced by a wide variety of inflammatory and carcinogenic agents, including TNF, IL-1beta, PMA, LPS, H(2)O(2), doxorubicin, and cigarette smoke condensate. Suppression was not cell type specific, because both inducible and constitutive NF-kappaB activations were blocked by ACA. ACA did not interfere with the binding of NF-kappaB to the DNA, but, rather, inhibited IkappaBalpha kinase activation, IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, IkappaBalpha degradation, p65 phosphorylation, and subsequent p65 nuclear translocation. ACA also inhibited NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression activated by TNF, TNFR1, TNFR-associated death domain protein, TNFR-associated factor-2, and IkappaBalpha kinase, but not that activated by p65. Consequently, ACA suppressed the expression of TNF-induced NF-kappaB-regulated proliferative (e.g., cyclin D1 and c-Myc), antiapoptotic (survivin, inhibitor of apoptosis protein-1 (IAP1), IAP2, X-chromosome-linked IAP, Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bfl-1/A1, and FLIP), and metastatic (cyclooxygenase-2, ICAM-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloprotease-9) gene products. ACA also enhanced the apoptosis induced by TNF and chemotherapeutic agents and suppressed invasion. Overall, our results indicate that ACA inhibits activation of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression, which may explain the ability of ACA to enhance apoptosis and inhibit invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruyo Ichikawa
- Cytokine Research Section, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ito K, Nakazato T, Murakami A, Yamato K, Miyakawa Y, Yamada T, Hozumi N, Ohigashi H, Ikeda Y, Kizaki M. Induction of apoptosis in human myeloid leukemic cells by 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate through a mitochondrial- and Fas-mediated dual mechanism. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:2120-30. [PMID: 15041733 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-1142-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to determine the antileukemic effects of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) obtained from rhizomes of the commonly used ethno-medicinal plant Languas galanga (Zingiberaceae). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We evaluated the effects of ACA on various myeloid leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo. We further examined the molecular mechanisms of ACA-induced apoptosis in myeloid leukemic cells. RESULTS Low-dose ACA dramatically inhibited cellular growth of leukemic cells by inducing apoptosis. Because NB4 promyelocytic leukemic cells were most sensitive to ACA, we used NB4 cells for further analyses. Production of reactive oxygen species triggered ACA-induced apoptosis. ACA-induced apoptosis in NB4 cells was in association with the loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim) and activation of caspase-9, suggesting that ACA-induced death signaling is mediated through a mitochondrial oxygen stress pathway. In addition, ACA activated Fas-mediated apoptosis by inducing of casapse-8 activity. Pretreatment with the thiol antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) did not inhibit caspase-8 activation, and the antagonistic anti-Fas antibody ZB4 did not block generation of reactive oxygen species, indicating that both pathways were involved independently in ACA-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, ACA had a survival advantage in vivo in a nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice leukemia model without any toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ACA induces apoptosis in myeloid leukemic cells via independent dual pathways. In addition, ACA has potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of myeloid leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Ito
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Akerman GS, Rosenzweig BA, Domon OE, McGarrity LJ, Blankenship LR, Tsai CA, Culp SJ, MacGregor JT, Sistare FD, Chen JJ, Morris SM. Gene expression profiles and genetic damage in benzo(a)pyrene diol epoxide-exposed TK6 cells. Mutat Res 2004; 549:43-64. [PMID: 15120962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2003] [Revised: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Microarray analysis is a powerful tool to identify the biological effects of drugs or chemicals on cellular gene expression. In this study, we compare the relationships between traditional measures of genetic toxicology and mutagen-induced alterations in gene expression profiles. TK6 cells were incubated with 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 microM +/-anti-benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (BPDE) for 4 h and then cultured for an additional 20 h. Aliquots of the exposed cells were removed at 4 and 24 h in order to quantify DNA adduct levels by 32P post-labeling and measure cell viability by cloning efficiency and flow cytometry. Gene expression profiles were developed by extracting total RNA from the control and exposed cells at 4 and 24 h, labeling with Cy3 or Cy5 and hybridizing to a human 350 gene array. Mutant frequencies in the Thymidine Kinase and Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyl Transferase genes were also determined. The 10alpha-(deoxyguanosin-N(2)-yl)-7alpha,8beta,9beta-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (dG-N(2)-BPDE) adduct increased as a function of dose and was the only adduct identified. A dose-related decrease in cell viability was evident at 24 h, but not at 4 h. Cell death occurred by apoptosis. At 4 h, analysis of the gene expression profiles revealed that Glutathione Peroxidase and Gadd45 were consistently upregulated (greater than 1.5-fold and significantly (P < 0.001) greater than the control in two experiments) in response to 1.0 microM BPDE exposure. Fifteen genes were consistently down-regulated (less than 0.67-fold and significantly (P < 0.001) lower than the control in two experiments) at 4 h in cultures exposed to 1.0 microM BPDE. Genes with altered expression at 4 h included genes important in the progression of the cell-cycle and those that inhibit apoptosis. At 24 h post-exposure, 16 genes, involved in cell-cycle control, detoxification, and apoptosis were consistently upregulated; 10 genes were repressed in cultures exposed to the high dose of BPDE. Real-time quantitative PCR confirmed the differential expression of selected genes. These data suggest that changes in gene expression will help to identify effects of drugs and chemicals on molecular pathways in cells, and will provide useful information about the molecular responses associated with DNA damage. Of the endpoints evaluated, DNA adduct formation was the most sensitive indicator of DNA damage. DNA adduct formation was clearly evident at low doses, but the number of genes with significantly altered expression (P < 0.001) was minimal. Alterations in gene expression were more robust at doses associated with cellular toxicity and induction of mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G S Akerman
- Division of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Takahashi Y, Berberich T, Miyazaki A, Seo S, Ohashi Y, Kusano T. Spermine signalling in tobacco: activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases by spermine is mediated through mitochondrial dysfunction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2003; 36:820-9. [PMID: 14675447 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01923.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) play important roles in cell proliferation, growth and environmental stress responses of all living organisms. In this study, we examine whether these compounds act as signal mediators. Spermine (Spm) specifically activated protein kinases of tobacco leaves, which were identified as salicylic acid (SA)-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wound-induced protein kinase (WIPK), using specific antibodies. Upon Spm treatment, upregulation of WIPK, but not SIPK, was observed. Spm-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation and WIPK upregulation were prevented upon pre-treatment with antioxidants and Ca2+ channel blockers. Additionally, Spm specifically stimulated expression of the alternative oxidase (AOX) gene, which was disrupted by these antioxidants and Ca2+ channel blockers. Bongkrekic acid (BK), an inhibitor of the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) pores, suppressed MAPKs activation and accumulation of WIPK and AOX mRNA. Our data collectively suggest that Spm causes mitochondrial dysfunction via a signalling pathway in which reactive oxygen species and Ca2+ influx are involved. As a result, the phosphorylation activities of the two MAPK enzymes SIPK and WIPK are stimulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Matsuda H, Morikawa T, Managi H, Yoshikawa M. Antiallergic principles from Alpinia galanga: structural requirements of phenylpropanoids for inhibition of degranulation and release of TNF-alpha and IL-4 in RBL-2H3 cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:3197-202. [PMID: 12951092 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 80% aqueous acetone extract of the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga was found to inhibit release of beta-hexosaminidase, as a marker of antigen-IgE-mediated degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells. Nine known phenylpropanoids and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde were isolated from the extract. Among them, 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate exhibited potent inhibitory activity with IC(50) values of 15 and 19 microM. From the effects of various related compounds, both the 1'- and 4-acetoxyl groups of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate were essential for their strong activity, and the 2'-3' double bond enhanced the activity. In addition, 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate inhibited ear passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reactions in mice and the antigen-IgE-mediated TNF-alpha and IL-4 production, both of which participate in the late phase of type I allergic reactions, in RBL-2H3 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Matsuda
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Matsuda H, Pongpiriyadacha Y, Morikawa T, Ochi M, Yoshikawa M. Gastroprotective effects of phenylpropanoids from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga in rats: structural requirements and mode of action. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 471:59-67. [PMID: 12809953 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and related phenylpropanoids isolated from the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats were examined. Among them, 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate markedly inhibited the ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions (ED(50)=0.61 and ca. 0.90 mg/kg). In addition, 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate inhibited the lesions induced by 0.6 M HCl (ED(50)=0.73 mg/kg) and aspirin (ED(50)=0.69 mg/kg) but it did not show a significant effect on indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and acid output in pylorus-ligated rats at doses of 0.5-5.0 mg/kg. From the gastroprotective effects of various related compounds, the 1'-acetoxyl group of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate and 1'S-1'-acetoxyeugenol acetate was found to be essential for their strong activity. With regard to the mode of action, the gastroprotective effects of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate were attenuated by pretreatment with indomethacin and N-ethylmaleimide, and 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate significantly increased the glutathione levels of gastric mucosa in rats. These findings suggest that endogenous prostaglandins and sulfhydryl compounds are involved in the protective effect of 1'S-1'-acetoxychavicol acetate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Matsuda
- Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zahedi K, Wang Z, Barone S, Prada AE, Kelly CN, Casero RA, Yokota N, Porter CW, Rabb H, Soleimani M. Expression of SSAT, a novel biomarker of tubular cell damage, increases in kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2003; 284:F1046-55. [PMID: 12554636 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00318.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the major cause of acute renal failure in native and allograft kidneys. Identifying the molecules and pathways involved in the pathophysiology of renal IRI will yield valuable new diagnostic and therapeutic information. To identify differentially regulated genes in renal IRI, RNA from rat kidneys subjected to an established renal IRI protocol (bilateral occlusion of renal pedicles for 30 min followed by reperfusion) and time-matched kidneys from sham-operated animals was subjected to suppression subtractive hybridization. The level of spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) mRNA, an essential enzyme for the catabolism of polyamines, increased in renal IRI. SSAT expression was found throughout normal kidney tubules, as detected by nephron segment RT-PCR. Northern blots demonstrated that the mRNA levels of SSAT are increased by greater than threefold in the renal cortex and by fivefold in the renal medulla at 12 h and returned to baseline at 48 h after ischemia. The increase in SSAT mRNA was paralleled by an increase in SSAT protein levels as determined by Western blot analysis. The concentration of putrescine in the kidney increased by approximately 4- and approximately 7.5-fold at 12 and 24 h of reperfusion, respectively, consistent with increased functional activity of SSAT. To assess the specificity of SSAT for tubular injury, a model of acute renal failure from Na(+) depletion (without tubular injury) was studied; SSAT mRNA levels remained unchanged in rats subjected to Na(+) depletion. To distinguish SSAT increases from the effects of tubular injury vs. uremic toxins, SSAT was increased in cis-platinum-treated animals before the onset of renal failure. The expression of SSAT mRNA and protein increased by approximately 3.5- and >10-fold, respectively, in renal tubule epithelial cells subjected to ATP depletion and metabolic poisoning (an in vitro model of kidney IRI). Our results suggest that SSAT is likely a new marker of tubular cell injury that distinguishes acute prerenal from intrarenal failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Zahedi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nitta T, Igarashi K, Yamamoto N. Polyamine depletion induces apoptosis through mitochondria-mediated pathway. Exp Cell Res 2002; 276:120-8. [PMID: 11978014 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2002.5517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines, namely putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are essential for cell survival and proliferation. A decrease in intracellular polyamine levels is associated with apoptosis. In this study, we used inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis to examine the effect of polyamine depletion. A combination of inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase, S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, or spermidine synthase decreased intracellular polyamine levels and induced cell death in a WEHI231 murine B cell line. These cells exhibited apoptotic features including chromatin condensation and oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Addition of exogenous polyamines reversed the observed features of apoptotic cell death. Similar effects were also observed in other cell lines: a human B cell line Ramos and a human T cell line Jurkat. Depletion of polyamines induced activation of caspase-3 and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta psi m). Inhibition of caspase activities by an inhibitor prevented the apoptotic nuclear changes but not Delta psi m disruption induced by polyamine depletion. Overexpression of Bcl-xl, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, completely inhibited Delta psi m disruption, caspase activation, and cell death. These results indicate that the depletion of intracellular polyamines triggers the mitochondria-mediated pathway for apoptosis, resulting in caspase activation and apoptotic cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nitta
- Department of Molecular Virology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Moffatt J, Kennedy DO, Kojima A, Hasuma T, Yano Y, Otani S, Murakami A, Koshimizu K, Ohigashi H, Matsui-Yuasa I. Involvement of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and reduction of cellular sulfhydryl groups in cell death induced by 1' -acetoxychavicol acetate in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Chem Biol Interact 2002; 139:215-30. [PMID: 11823008 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(01)00301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying potential anticancer drugs continues and unraveling these mechanisms would not only provide a conceptual framework for drug design but also promote use of natural products for chemotherapy. To further evaluate the efficacy of the anticancer activity of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), this study investigates the underlying mechanisms by which ACA induces death of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. ACA treatment induced loss of cell viability, and Western blotting analysis revealed that the compound stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins with 27 and 70 kDa proteins being regulated in both dose- and time-dependent manner prior to loss of viability. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin A moderately protected cells from ACA-induced toxicity. In addition, cellular glutathione and protein sulfydryl groups were also significantly reduced both dose- and time-dependently during evidence of cell death. Replenishing thiol levels by antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an excellent supplier of glutathione and precursor of glutathione, substantially recovered the viability loss, but the recovery being time-dependent, as late addition of NAC (at least 30 min after ACA addition to cultures) was, however, ineffective. Addition of NAC to ACA treated cultures also abolished tyrosine phosphorylation of the 27 kDa protein. These results, at least partly, identify cellular sulfhydryl groups and protein tyrosine phosphorylation as targets of ACA cytotoxicity in tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Moffatt
- Department of Food and Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Singh R, Pervin S, Wu G, Chaudhuri G. Activation of caspase-3 activity and apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 cells by N(omega)-hydroxy-L-arginine, an inhibitor of arginase, is not solely dependent on reduction in intracellular polyamines. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22:1863-9. [PMID: 11698350 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/22.11.1863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have shown previously that (NOHA) an intermediate in the nitric oxide (NO) synthetic pathway and an inhibitor of arginase significantly reduced intracellular polyamines, activated caspase-3 and induced apoptosis in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-468. These actions of NOHA were abolished in the presence of exogenous L-ornithine suggesting that a reduction in the intracellular polyamine content might be responsible for the activation of caspase-3 and apoptotic actions of NOHA. In order to further explore this possibility, we used SAM-486A and alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), which are inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), respectively, either alone or in combination to reduce the intracellular polyamine levels. We then assessed whether a reduction in polyamine levels by these two compounds to a similar degree to that produced by NOHA activated caspase-3 which occurs prior to the onset of apoptosis. We observed that both SAM-486A and DFMO, either alone or in combination, inhibited cell proliferation, induced p21 and arrested cells in the G(0)-G(1) phase of the cell cycle but failed to activate caspase-3 as assessed by enzymatic assay of caspase-3, western blot analysis of the proteolytic cleavage of caspase-3 protein as well as TUNEL assay. Furthermore, pre-incubation of the cells with SAM-486A and DFMO for 4 days, either alone or in combination significantly inhibited the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis by NOHA when compared with that observed with cells treated with NOHA alone. Our results, therefore, indicate that the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis observed with NOHA cannot be solely explained by a reduction in intracellular polyamine levels and that other mechanisms need to be also considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Singh
- Department of Obstetrics, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Maccarrone M, Bari M, Battista N, Di Rienzo M, Falciglia K, Finazzi Agrò A. Oxidation products of polyamines induce mitochondrial uncoupling and cytochrome c release. FEBS Lett 2001; 507:30-4. [PMID: 11682054 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spermine is shown to uncouple isolated mitochondria and to trigger the selective release of cytochrome c. Pargyline, an inhibitor of amine oxidase (AO), fully prevented these effects of spermine, which instead were potentiated by exogenous AO. Hydrogen peroxide, an oxidation product of spermine, mimicked the effects of spermine on mitochondria, while the addition of catalase prevented them. Spermidine and putrescine also caused mitochondrial uncoupling and triggered cytochrome c release, with a potency which correlated with the substrate preference of mitochondrial AO. Pargyline protected human lymphoma U937 cells against UVB-induced apoptosis, by reducing AO activity, mitochondrial uncoupling and cytochrome c release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Maccarrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via di Tor Vergata 135, I-00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|