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Favor OK, Rajasinghe LD, Wierenga KA, Maddipati KR, Lee KSS, Olive AJ, Pestka JJ. Crystalline silica-induced proinflammatory eicosanoid storm in novel alveolar macrophage model quelled by docosahexaenoic acid supplementation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274147. [PMID: 38022527 PMCID: PMC10665862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Phagocytosis of inhaled crystalline silica (cSiO2) particles by tissue-resident alveolar macrophages (AMs) initiates generation of proinflammatory eicosanoids derived from the ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) arachidonic acid (ARA) that contribute to chronic inflammatory disease in the lung. While supplementation with the ω-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may influence injurious cSiO2-triggered oxylipin responses, in vitro investigation of this hypothesis in physiologically relevant AMs is challenging due to their short-lived nature and low recovery numbers from mouse lungs. To overcome these challenges, we employed fetal liver-derived alveolar-like macrophages (FLAMs), a self-renewing surrogate that is phenotypically representative of primary lung AMs, to discern how DHA influences cSiO2-induced eicosanoids. Methods We first compared how delivery of 25 µM DHA as ethanolic suspensions or as bovine serum albumin (BSA) complexes to C57BL/6 FLAMs impacts phospholipid fatty acid content. We subsequently treated FLAMs with 25 µM ethanolic DHA or ethanol vehicle (VEH) for 24 h, with or without LPS priming for 2 h, and with or without cSiO2 for 1.5 or 4 h and then measured oxylipin production by LC-MS lipidomics targeting for 156 oxylipins. Results were further related to concurrent proinflammatory cytokine production and cell death induction. Results DHA delivery as ethanolic suspensions or BSA complexes were similarly effective at increasing ω-3 PUFA content of phospholipids while decreasing the ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) and the ω-9 monounsaturated fatty acid oleic acid. cSiO2 time-dependently elicited myriad ARA-derived eicosanoids consisting of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids in unprimed and LPS-primed FLAMs. This cSiO2-induced eicosanoid storm was dramatically suppressed in DHA-supplemented FLAMs which instead produced potentially pro-resolving DHA-derived docosanoids. cSiO2 elicited marked IL-1α, IL-1β, and TNF-α release after 1.5 and 4 h of cSiO2 exposure in LPS-primed FLAMs which was significantly inhibited by DHA. DHA did not affect cSiO2-triggered death induction in unprimed FLAMs but modestly enhanced it in LPS-primed FLAMs. Discussion FLAMs are amenable to lipidome modulation by DHA which suppresses cSiO2-triggered production of ARA-derived eicosanoids and proinflammatory cytokines. FLAMs are a potential in vitro alternative to primary AMs for investigating interventions against early toxicant-triggered inflammation in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Favor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Lichchavi D. Rajasinghe
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Wierenga
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Andrew J. Olive
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Zhang J, Shi Y. In Search of the Holy Grail: Toward a Unified Hypothesis on Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121906. [PMID: 35741033 PMCID: PMC9221202 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial dynamics, membrane structure, oxidative phosphorylation, mtDNA bioenergetics, and mitophagy. The depletion or abnormal acyl composition of CL causes mitochondrial dysfunction, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of aging and age-related disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction causes age-related diseases remain poorly understood. Recent development in the field has identified acyl-CoA:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 (ALCAT1), an acyltransferase upregulated by oxidative stress, as a key enzyme that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases. ALCAT1 catalyzes CL remodeling with very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Enrichment of DHA renders CL highly sensitive to oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidized CL becomes a new source of ROS in the form of lipid peroxides, leading to a vicious cycle of oxidative stress, CL depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Consequently, ablation or the pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 have been shown to mitigate obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, fatty liver diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The findings suggest that age-related disorders are one disease (aging) manifested by different mitochondrion-sensitive tissues, and therefore should be treated as one disease. This review will discuss a unified hypothesis on CL remodeling by ALCAT1 as the common denominator of mitochondrial dysfunction, linking mitochondrial dysfunction to the development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-210-450-1363; Fax: +1-210-562-6150
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3
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Ding Q, Hao Q, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Olsen RE, Ringø E, Ran C, Zhang Z, Zhou Z. Excess DHA Induces Liver Injury via Lipid Peroxidation and Gut Microbiota-Derived Lipopolysaccharide in Zebrafish. Front Nutr 2022; 9:870343. [PMID: 35571918 PMCID: PMC9096794 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.870343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Being highly unsaturated, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are prone to lipid peroxidation. In this study, zebrafish were fed with low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), or 2% DHA-supplemented HFD (HFDHA2.0). To study the possible negative effects of the high level of dietary DHA, growth rates, blood chemistry, liver histology, hepatic oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory processes were assessed. The cell studies were used to quantify the effects of DHA and antioxidant on cellular lipid peroxidation and viability. The possible interaction between gut microbiota and zebrafish host was evaluated in vitro. HFDHA2.0 had no effect on hepatic lipid level but induced liver injury, oxidative stress, and hepatocellular apoptosis, including intrinsic and death receptor-induced apoptosis. Besides, the inclusion of 2% DHA in HFD increased the abundance of Proteobacteria in gut microbiota and serum endotoxin level. In the zebrafish liver cell model, DHA activated intrinsic apoptosis while the antioxidant 4-hydroxy-Tempo (tempo) inhibited the pro-apoptotic negative effects of DHA. The apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was unaffected by the addition of tempo. In conclusion, the excess DHA supplementation generates hepatocellular apoptosis-related injury to the liver. The processes might propagate along at least two routes, involving lipid peroxidation and gut microbiota-generated LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Ding
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Qiang Hao
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshuang Zhang
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Einar Ringø
- Norway-China Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Turner ND, Chapkin RS. Biography of Joanne R Lupton (1944-2020). J Nutr 2022; 152:914-916. [PMID: 35091750 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy D Turner
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Nagata S, Tatematsu K, Yamaguchi H, Inoue Y, Tanaka K, Tasaki H, Shirasuna K, Iwata H. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on in vitro growth of bovine oocytes. Reprod Med Biol 2021; 20:485-493. [PMID: 34646077 PMCID: PMC8499585 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study investigated the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the growth of bovine oocytes. METHODS Oocytes and granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were collected from early antral follicles (0.4-0.7 mm) on the surface of ovaries harvested from a slaughterhouse. The OGCs were cultured with 0, 1, and 10 μmol/L docosahexanoic acid (DHA) for 16 days. RESULTS Antrum formation of the OGCs and the number of granulosa cells (GCs) surrounding the oocytes were comparable among groups, whereas supplementation of 0.1 μmol/L of DHA significantly improved oocyte growth. Oocytes grown with DHA had a higher fertilization rate, acetylation levels of H4K12, and ATP contents, as well as a lower lipid content compared with those grown without DHA. In addition, GCs surrounding OGCs grown with DHA had low lipid content compared with vehicle counterparts. Furthermore, when GCs were cultured in vitro, DHA increased ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduced lipid content and levels of reactive oxygen species. RNA-seq of GCs revealed that DHA increased CPT1A expression levels and affect genes associated with focal adhesion, oxidative phosphorylation, and PI3K-AKT etc. CONCLUSION The results suggest that DHA supplementation affects granulosa cell characteristics and supports oocyte growth in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Nagata
- Department of Animal ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureAtsugiJapan
| | - Kaoru Tatematsu
- Department of Animal ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureAtsugiJapan
| | - Hitoki Yamaguchi
- Department of Animal ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureAtsugiJapan
| | - Yuki Inoue
- Department of Animal ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureAtsugiJapan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- NODAI Genome Research CenterTokyo University of AgricultureTokyoJapan
| | - Hidetaka Tasaki
- Assisted Reproductive Technology CenterOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life ScienceOkayama UniversityOkayamaJapan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Department of Animal ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureAtsugiJapan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Department of Animal ScienceTokyo University of AgricultureAtsugiJapan
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Jia D, Zhang J, Nie J, Andersen JP, Rendon S, Zheng Y, Liu X, Tian Z, Shi Y. Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links hypoxia to coronary artery disease by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction. Mol Ther 2021; 29:3498-3511. [PMID: 34111561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial signature phospholipid that plays a pivotal role in maintaining cardiac health. A loss of tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (TLCL), the predominant cardiolipin species in the healthy mammalian heart, is implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease (CHD) through poorly defined mechanisms. Here, we identified acyl-coenzyme A:lysocardiolipin acyltransferase-1 (ALCAT1) as the missing link between hypoxia and CHD in an animal model of myocardial infarction (MI). ALCAT1 is an acyltransferase that promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in aging-related diseases by catalyzing pathological remodeling of cardiolipin. In support of a causative role of ALCAT1 in CHD, we showed that ALCAT1 expression was potently upregulated by MI, linking myocardial hypoxia to oxidative stress, TLCL depletion, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accordingly, ablation of the ALCAT1 gene or pharmacological inhibition of the ALCAT1 enzyme by Dafaglitapin (Dafa), a potent and highly specific ALCAT1 inhibitor, not only restored TLCL levels but also mitochondrial respiration by attenuating signal transduction pathways mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Consequently, ablation or pharmacological inhibition of ALCAT1 by Dafa effectively mitigated CHD and its underlying pathogenesis, including dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricle dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. Together, the findings have provided the first proof-of-concept studies for targeting ALCAT1 as an effective treatment for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Jia
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China; Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Perenna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 14785 Omicron Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Jia Nie
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - John-Paul Andersen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Samantha Rendon
- Perenna Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 14785 Omicron Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xueling Liu
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, School of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
| | - Yuguang Shi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Xu X, Wang Y, Choi WS, Sun X, Godbout R. Super resolution microscopy reveals DHA-dependent alterations in glioblastoma membrane remodelling and cell migration. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:9706-9722. [PMID: 34018532 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr02128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Brain fatty acid binding protein (FABP7; B-FABP) promotes glioblastoma (GBM) cell migration and is associated with tumor infiltration, properties associated with a poor prognosis in GBM patients. FABP7-expressing neural stem-like cells are known to drive tumor migration/infiltration and resistance to treatment. We have previously shown that FABP7's effects on cell migration can be reversed when GBM cells are cultured in medium supplemented with the omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Here, we use super-resolution imaging on patient-derived GBM stem-like cells to examine the importance of FABP7 and its fatty acid ligands in mitigating GBM cell migration. As FABPs are involved in fatty acid transport from membrane to cytosol, we focus on the effect of FABP7 and its ligand DHA on GBM membrane remodeling, as well as FABP7 nanoscale domain formation on GBM membrane. Using quantitative plasma membrane lipid order imaging, we show that FABP7 expression in GBM cells correlates with increased membrane lipid order, with DHA dramatically decreasing lipid order. Using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, we observe non-uniform distribution of FABP7 on the surface of GBM cells, with FABP7 forming punctate nanoscale domains of ∼100 nm in diameter. These nanodomains are particularly enriched at the migrating front of GBM cells. Interestingly, FABP7 nanodomains are disrupted when GBM cells are cultured in DHA-supplemented medium. We demonstrate a tight link between cell migration, a higher membrane lipid order and increased FABP7 nanoscale domains. We propose that DHA-mediated disruption of membrane lipid order and FABP7 nanodomains forms the basis of FABP7/DHA-mediated inhibition of cell migration in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xu
- Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Department of Oncology, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Zaloga GP. Narrative Review of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation upon Immune Functions, Resolution Molecules and Lipid Peroxidation. Nutrients 2021; 13:662. [PMID: 33670710 PMCID: PMC7922327 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil supplementation is commonplace in human nutrition and is being used in both enteral and parenteral formulations during the treatment of patients with a large variety of diseases and immune status. The biological effects of fish oil are believed to result from their content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). These fatty acids are known to have numerous effects upon immune functions and are described as immunomodulatory. However, immunomodulatory is a nondescript term that encompasses immunostimulation and immunosuppression. The primary goal of this review is to better describe the immune effects of n-3 PUFA as they relate to immunostimulatory vs. immunosuppressive effects. One mechanism proposed for the immune effects of n-3 PUFA relates to the production of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs). A second goal of this review is to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation upon production of SPMs. Although n-3 PUFA are stated to possess anti-oxidative properties, these molecules are highly oxidizable due to multiple double bonds and may increase oxidative stress. Thus, the third goal of this review is to evaluate the effects of n-3 PUFA upon lipid oxidation. We conclude, based upon current scientific evidence, that n-3 PUFA suppress inflammatory responses and most cellular immune responses such as chemotaxis, transmigration, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte functions and should be considered immunosuppressive. n-3 PUFA induced production of resolution molecules is inconsistent with many resolution molecules failing to respond to n-3 PUFA supplementation. n-3 PUFA supplementation is associated with increased lipid peroxidation in most studies. Vitamin E co-administration is unreliable for prevention of the lipid peroxidation. These effects should be considered when administering n-3 PUFA to patients that may be immunosuppressed or under high oxidative stress due to illness or other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Zaloga
- MedSciHealth Consultants, 12931 Sorrento Way, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA
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Di L, Maiseyeu A. Low-density lipoprotein nanomedicines: mechanisms of targeting, biology, and theranostic potential. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:408-421. [PMID: 33594923 PMCID: PMC7894439 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1886199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Native nanostructured lipoproteins such as low- and high-density lipoproteins (LDL and HDL) are powerful tools for the targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents. While the cellular recognition of well-known HDL-based carriers occurs via interactions with an HDL receptor, the selective delivery and uptake of LDL particles by target cells are more complex. The most well-known mode of LDL-based delivery is via the interaction between apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) - the main protein of LDL - and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR). LDLR is expressed in the liver, adipocytes, and macrophages, and thus selectively delivers LDL carriers to these cells and tissues. Moreover, the elevated expression of LDLR in tumor cells indicates a role for LDL in the targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs. In addition, chronic inflammation associated with hypercholesterolemia (i.e., high levels of endogenous LDL) can be abated by LDL carriers, which outcompete the deleterious oxidized LDL for uptake by macrophages. In this case, synthetic LDL nanocarriers act as 'eat-me' signals and exploit mechanisms of native LDL uptake for targeted drug delivery and imaging. Lastly, recent studies have shown that the delivery of LDL-based nanocarriers to macrophages via fluid-phase pinocytosis is a promising tool for atherosclerosis imaging. Hence, the present review summarizes the use of natural and synthetic LDL-based carriers for drug delivery and imaging and discusses various mechanisms of targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Di
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Clevehand, OH, USA
| | - Andrei Maiseyeu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Clevehand, OH, USA
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Allegra AG, Mannino F, Innao V, Musolino C, Allegra A. Radioprotective Agents and Enhancers Factors. Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Oxidative Induced Radiotherapy Damages in Hematological Malignancies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111116. [PMID: 33198328 PMCID: PMC7696711 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the management of a wide range of hematologic malignancies. It is well known that the post-irradiation damages both in the bone marrow and in other organs are the main causes of post-irradiation morbidity and mortality. Tumor control without producing extensive damage to the surrounding normal cells, through the use of radioprotectors, is of special clinical relevance in radiotherapy. An increasing amount of data is helping to clarify the role of oxidative stress in toxicity and therapy response. Radioprotective agents are substances that moderate the oxidative effects of radiation on healthy normal tissues while preserving the sensitivity to radiation damage in tumor cells. As well as the substances capable of carrying out a protective action against the oxidative damage caused by radiotherapy, other substances have been identified as possible enhancers of the radiotherapy and cytotoxic activity via an oxidative effect. The purpose of this review was to examine the data in the literature on the possible use of old and new substances to increase the efficacy of radiation treatment in hematological diseases and to reduce the harmful effects of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gaetano Allegra
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, University of Florence, 50100 Florence, Italy;
| | - Federica Mannino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, c/o AOU Policlinico G. Martino, Via C. Valeria Gazzi, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Innao
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Haematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (V.I.); (C.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-221-2364
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The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer Development and Therapy Response. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061406. [PMID: 32486066 PMCID: PMC7352899 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota can alter CRC susceptibility and progression by modulating mechanisms such as inflammation and DNA damage, and by producing metabolites involved in tumor progression or suppression. Dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been observed in patients with CRC, with a decrease in commensal bacterial species (butyrate-producing bacteria) and an enrichment of detrimental bacterial populations (pro-inflammatory opportunistic pathogens). CRC is characterized by altered production of bacterial metabolites directly involved in cancer metabolism including short-chain fatty acids and polyamines. Emerging evidence suggests that diet has an important impact on the risk of CRC development. The intake of high-fiber diets and the supplementation of diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols and probiotics, which are known to regulate gut microbiota, could be not only a potential mechanism for the reduction of CRC risk in a primary prevention setting, but may also be important to enhance the response to cancer therapy when used as adjuvant to conventional treatment for CRC. Therefore, a personalized modulation of the pattern of gut microbiome by diet may be a promising approach to prevent the development and progression of CRC and to improve the efficacy of antitumoral therapy.
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Abstract
Diet is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC), and several dietary constituents implicated in CRC are modified by gut microbial metabolism. Microbial fermentation of dietary fiber produces short-chain fatty acids, e.g., acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Dietary fiber has been shown to reduce colon tumors in animal models, and, in vitro, butyrate influences cellular pathways important to cancer risk. Furthermore, work from our group suggests that the combined effects of butyrate and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may enhance the chemopreventive potential of these dietary constituents. We postulate that the relatively low intakes of n-3 PUFA and fiber in Western populations and the failure to address interactions between these dietary components may explain why chemoprotective effects of n-3 PUFA and fermentable fibers have not been detected consistently in prospective cohort studies. In this review, we summarize the evidence outlining the effects of n-3 long-chain PUFA and highly fermentable fiber with respect to alterations in critical pathways important to CRC prevention, particularly intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated programmed cell death resulting from the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ferroptosis), and epigenetic programming related to lipid catabolism and beta-oxidation-associated genes.
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Huang Q, Mo M, Zhong Y, Yang Q, Zhang J, Ye X, Zhang L, Cai C. The Anticancer Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids was Closely Associated with the Increase in Genomic DNA Hydroxymethylation. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:330-336. [PMID: 30338745 DOI: 10.2174/1871520618666181018143026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) have significant multiple antitumor roles. However, whether epigenetic DNA hydroxymethylation enrolls in the anticancer process of omega- 3 PUFAs is still not clear yet. OBJECTIVE To expound the interaction between the anti-tumor role of omega-3 PUFAs and the DNA demethylation pathway and thus provide a firm foundation for deepening our understanding on anticancer mechanism of omega-3 PUFAs. METHODS Colorectal Cancer (CRC) model rats were induced to generate tumor by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and their counterparts treated with omega-3 PUFAs during the induction. The blood samples from different treatment groups of rats [Normal Control group (NC), colorectal cancer model group (CRC) and omega-3 PUFAs Medication Group (MG)] were used as experimental materials. Genomic 5-hydroxymethylocytosine (5hmC) content was quantified using LC-MS/MS, and the expression of ten-eleven translocation dioxygenase 1 (TET1), catalyzing the generation of 5hmC, was also evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS We observed lower tumor incidence and small tumor size in MG group when compared with CRC group, supporting the effective anticancer role of omega-3 PUFAs. Due to the formation of CRC, 5hmC level was dramatically dropped in CRC group when compared with the NC group. Notably, 5hmC percentage in MG group remarkably increased close to NC group and was significantly higher than that in the CRC group. Consistent alteration pattern of TET1 expressions in mRNA was also observed in the tested groups of rats. CONCLUSION The anticancer effect of omega-3 PUFAs was positively correlated with global 5hmC accumulation and TET1 expression, suggesting DNA hydroxymethylation pathway was factually involved in the anticancer process of omega-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionglin Huang
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingming Mo
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingjin Yang
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Lijian Zhang
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun Cai
- Analysis Center, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
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Dick MF, Guglielmo CG. Flight muscle protein damage during endurance flight is related to energy expenditure but not dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in a migratory bird. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:222/5/jeb187708. [PMID: 30824569 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.187708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Migration poses many physiological challenges for birds, including sustaining high intensity aerobic exercise for hours or days. A consequence of endurance flight is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS production may be influenced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which, although prone to oxidative damage, may limit mitochondrial ROS production and increase antioxidant capacity. We examined how flight muscles manage oxidative stress during flight, and whether dietary long-chain PUFA influence ROS management or damage. Yellow-rumped warblers were fed diets low in PUFA, or high in long-chain n-3 or n-6 PUFA. Flight muscle was sampled from birds in each diet treatment at rest or immediately after flying for up to a maximum of 360 min in a wind tunnel. Flight increased flight muscle superoxide dismutase activity but had no effect on catalase activity. The ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulphide decreased during flight. Oxidative protein damage, indicated by protein carbonyls, increased with flight duration (Pearson r=0.4). Further examination of just individuals that flew for 360 min (N=15) indicates that oxidative damage was related more to total energy expenditure (Pearson r=0.86) than to flight duration itself. This suggests that high quality individuals with higher flight efficiency have not only lower energy costs but also potentially less oxidative damage to repair after arrival at the destination. No significant effects of dietary long-chain PUFA were observed on antioxidants or damage. Overall, flight results in oxidative stress and the degree of damage is likely driven more by energy costs than fatty acid nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag F Dick
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Christopher G Guglielmo
- Department of Biology, Advanced Facility for Avian Research, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 5B7
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15
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Sullivan EM, Pennington ER, Green WD, Beck MA, Brown DA, Shaikh SR. Mechanisms by Which Dietary Fatty Acids Regulate Mitochondrial Structure-Function in Health and Disease. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:247-262. [PMID: 29767698 PMCID: PMC5952932 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles within a cell. Furthermore, mitochondria have a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper calcium concentrations, building critical components of hormones and other signaling molecules, and controlling apoptosis. Structurally, mitochondria are unique because they have 2 membranes that allow for compartmentalization. The composition and molecular organization of these membranes are crucial to the maintenance and function of mitochondria. In this review, we first present a general overview of mitochondrial membrane biochemistry and biophysics followed by the role of different dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in modulating mitochondrial membrane structure-function. We focus extensively on long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and their underlying mechanisms of action. Finally, we discuss implications of understanding molecular mechanisms by which dietary n-3 fatty acids target mitochondrial structure-function in metabolic diseases such as obesity, cardiac-ischemia reperfusion injury, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and select cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Madison Sullivan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Edward Ross Pennington
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William D Green
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Melinda A Beck
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech Corporate Research Center, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
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16
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Fuentes NR, Kim E, Fan YY, Chapkin RS. Omega-3 fatty acids, membrane remodeling and cancer prevention. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:79-91. [PMID: 29627343 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are often credited as the macromolecule responsible for performing critical cellular functions, however lipids have recently garnered more attention as our understanding of their role in cell function and human health becomes more apparent. Although cellular membranes are the lipid environment in which many proteins function, it is now apparent that protein and lipid assemblies can be organized to form distinct micro- or nanodomains that facilitate signaling events. Indeed, it is now appreciated that cellular function is partly regulated by the specific spatiotemporal lipid composition of the membrane, down to the nanosecond and nanometer scale. Furthermore, membrane composition is altered during human disease processes such as cancer and obesity. For example, an increased rate of lipid/cholesterol synthesis in cancerous tissues has long been recognized as an important aspect of the rewired metabolism of transformed cells. However, the contribution of lipids/cholesterol to cellular function in disease models is not yet fully understood. Furthermore, an important consideration in regard to human health is that diet is a major modulator of cell membrane composition. This can occur directly through incorporation of membrane substrates, such as fatty acids, e.g., n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and cholesterol. In this review, we describe scenarios in which changes in membrane composition impact human health. Particular focus is placed on the importance of intrinsic lipid/cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism and extrinsic dietary modification in cancer and its effect on plasma membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad R Fuentes
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, USA; Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Eunjoo Kim
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, USA; Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, USA
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, USA; Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, USA; Department of Nutrition & Food Science, Texas A&M University, USA; Center for Translational Environmental Health Research, Texas A&M University, USA.
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Dietary fat and fiber interactively modulate apoptosis and mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles in mouse colon in a site-specific manner. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 26:301-308. [PMID: 27167153 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated that the combination of bioactive components generated by fish oil (containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) and fermentable fiber (leading to butyrate production) act coordinately to protect against colon cancer. This is, in part, the result of an enhancement of apoptosis at the base of the crypt across all stages (initiation, promotion, and progression) of colon tumorigenesis. As mitochondria are key organelles capable of regulating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway and mediating programmed cell death, we investigated the effects of diet on mitochondrial function by measuring mucosal cardiolipin composition, mitochondrial respiratory parameters, and apoptosis in isolated crypts from the proximal and distal colon. C57BL/6 mice (n=15/treatment) were fed one of two dietary fats (corn oil and fish oil) and two fibers (pectin and cellulose) for 4 weeks in a 2×2 factorial design. In general, diet modulated apoptosis and the mucosal bioenergetic profiles in a site-specific manner. The fish/pectin diet promoted a more proapoptotic phenotype - for example, increased proton leak (Pinteraction=0.002) - compared with corn/cellulose (control) only in the proximal colon. With respect to the composition of cardiolipin, a unique phospholipid localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane where it mediates energy metabolism, fish oil feeding indirectly influenced its molecular species with a combined carbon number of C68 or greater, suggesting compensatory regulation. These data indicate that dietary fat and fiber can interactively modulate the mitochondrial metabolic profile and thereby potentially modulate apoptosis and subsequent colon cancer risk.
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18
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de Oliveira MR, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Jardim FR. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mitochondria, back to the future. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Seidel DV, Azcárate-Peril MA, Chapkin RS, Turner ND. Shaping functional gut microbiota using dietary bioactives to reduce colon cancer risk. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:191-204. [PMID: 28676459 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a multifactorial disease associated with a variety of lifestyle factors. Alterations in the gut microbiota and the intestinal metabolome are noted during colon carcinogenesis, implicating them as critical contributors or results of the disease process. Diet is a known determinant of health, and as a modifier of the gut microbiota and its metabolism, a critical element in maintenance of intestinal health. This review summarizes recent evidence demonstrating the role and responses of the intestinal microbiota during colon tumorigenesis and the ability of dietary bioactive compounds and probiotics to impact colon health from the intestinal lumen to the epithelium and systemically. We first describe changes to the intestinal microbiome, metabolome, and epithelium associated with colon carcinogenesis. This is followed by a discussion of recent evidence indicating how specific classes of dietary bioactives, prebiotics, or probiotics affect colon carcinogenesis. Lastly, we briefly address the prospects of using multiple 'omics' techniques to integrate the effects of diet, host, and microbiota on colon tumorigenesis with the goal of more fully appreciating the interconnectedness of these systems and thus, how these approaches can be used to advance personalized nutrition strategies and nutrition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek V Seidel
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
| | - M Andrea Azcárate-Peril
- Department of Medicine GI Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7555, USA.
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
| | - Nancy D Turner
- Nutrition and Food Science Department, and Faculty of Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA.
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20
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Wang C, Xia W, Jiang Q, Xu Y, Yu P. Protective effects of lipid extract from brains of silver carp against oxidative damage in HEK-293 cells. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids extracted form silver carp brain effectively resisted H2O2-induced oxidative injury in HEK-293 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- College of Food Science
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Yaan 625014
- China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Wenshui Xia
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Qixing Jiang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Yanshun Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
| | - Peipei Yu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- China
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21
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Activation of autophagy and PPARγ protect colon cancer cells against apoptosis induced by interactive effects of butyrate and DHA in a cell type-dependent manner: The role of cell differentiation. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 39:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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23
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Navarro SL, Neuhouser ML, Cheng TYD, Tinker LF, Shikany JM, Snetselaar L, Martinez JA, Kato I, Beresford SAA, Chapkin RS, Lampe JW. The Interaction between Dietary Fiber and Fat and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative. Nutrients 2016; 8:E779. [PMID: 27916893 PMCID: PMC5188434 DOI: 10.3390/nu8120779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined intakes of specific dietary fiber and fat subtypes protect against colon cancer in animal models. We evaluated associations between self-reported individual and combinations of fiber (insoluble, soluble, and pectins, specifically) and fat (omega-6, omega-3, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), specifically) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in the Women's Health Initiative prospective cohort (n = 134,017). During a mean 11.7 years (1993-2010), 1952 incident CRC cases were identified. Cox regression models computed multivariate adjusted hazard ratios to estimate the association between dietary factors and CRC risk. Assessing fiber and fat individually, there was a modest trend for lower CRC risk with increasing intakes of total and insoluble fiber (p-trend 0.09 and 0.08). An interaction (p = 0.01) was observed between soluble fiber and DHA + EPA, with protective effects of DHA + EPA with lower intakes of soluble fiber and an attenuation at higher intakes, however this association was no longer significant after correction for multiple testing. These results suggest a modest protective effect of higher fiber intake on CRC risk, but not in combination with dietary fat subtypes. Given the robust results in preclinical models and mixed results in observational studies, controlled dietary interventions with standardized intakes are needed to better understand the interaction of specific fat and fiber subtypes on colon biology and ultimately CRC susceptibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi L Navarro
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Ting-Yuan David Cheng
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Lesley F Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
| | - James M Shikany
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Linda Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jessica A Martinez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
| | - Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Shirley A A Beresford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Robert S Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
| | - Johanna W Lampe
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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Das M, Das S. Identification of cytotoxic mediators and their putative role in the signaling pathways during docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. Apoptosis 2016; 21:1408-1421. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Tan JWS, Ho CFY, Ng YK, Ong WY. Docosahexaenoic acid and L-Carnitine prevent ATP loss in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells after exposure to silver nanoparticles. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:224-232. [PMID: 25146533 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most commonly used nanomaterials, but thus far, little is known about ways to mitigate against potential toxic effects of exposure. In this study, we examined the potential effects of AgNPs on mitochondrial function and cellular ATP levels, and whether these could be prevented by treatment with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and L-carnitine (LC). Acute exposure of AgNPs for 1 h to SH-SY5Y cells resulted in decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased ATP and ADP levels, indicating mitochondrial damage and reduced production of ATP. Incubation of cells with DHA partially reduced, while treatment with LC and DHA completely abolished the AgNP induced decreases in ATP and ADP levels. This could be due to a LC-facilitated entry of DHA to mitochondria, for repair of damaged phospholipids. It is postulated that DHA and LC may be useful for treatment of accidental environmental exposure to AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joey Wee-Shan Tan
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | | | - Yee-Kong Ng
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
| | - Wei-Yi Ong
- Department of Anatomy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- Neurobiology and Ageing Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119260, Singapore
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Saric A, Andreau K, Armand AS, Møller IM, Petit PX. Barth Syndrome: From Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Associated with Aberrant Production of Reactive Oxygen Species to Pluripotent Stem Cell Studies. Front Genet 2016; 6:359. [PMID: 26834781 PMCID: PMC4719219 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the enzyme tafazzin, TAZ, cause Barth syndrome (BTHS). Individuals with this X-linked multisystem disorder present cardiomyopathy (CM) (often dilated), skeletal muscle weakness, neutropenia, growth retardation, and 3-methylglutaconic aciduria. Biopsies of the heart, liver and skeletal muscle of patients have revealed mitochondrial malformations and dysfunctions. It is the purpose of this review to summarize recent results of studies on various animal or cell models of Barth syndrome, which have characterized biochemically the strong cellular defects associated with TAZ mutations. Tafazzin is a mitochondrial phospholipidlysophospholipid transacylase that shuttles acyl groups between phospholipids and regulates the remodeling of cardiolipin (CL), a unique inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipid dimer consisting of two phosphatidyl residues linked by a glycerol bridge. After their biosynthesis, the acyl chains of CLs may be modified in remodeling processes involving up to three different enzymes. Their characteristic acyl chain composition depends on the function of tafazzin, although the enzyme itself surprisingly lacks acyl specificity. CLs are crucial for correct mitochondrial structure and function. In addition to their function in the basic mitochondrial function of ATP production, CLs play essential roles in cardiac function, apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle regulation and Fe-S cluster biosynthesis. Recent developments in tafazzin research have provided strong insights into the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). An important tool has been the generation of BTHS-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from BTHS patients. In a complementary approach, disease-specific mutations have been introduced into wild-type iPSC lines enabling direct comparison with isogenic controls. iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes were then characterized using biochemical and classical bioenergetic approaches. The cells are tested in a "heart-on-chip" assay to model the pathophysiology in vitro, to characterize the underlying mechanism of BTHS deriving from TAZ mutations, mitochondrial deficiencies and ROS production and leading to tissue defects, and to evaluate potential therapies with the use of mitochondrially targeted antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Saric
- INSERM U 1124 "Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire" and "FR 3567" CNRS Chimie, Toxicologie, Signalisation Cellulaire et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes - Centre Universitaire des Saints-PèresParis, France; Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković InstituteZagreb, Croatia
| | - Karine Andreau
- INSERM U 1124 "Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire" and "FR 3567" CNRS Chimie, Toxicologie, Signalisation Cellulaire et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes - Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Paris, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Armand
- INSERM U 1124 "Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire" and "FR 3567" CNRS Chimie, Toxicologie, Signalisation Cellulaire et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes - Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Paris, France
| | - Ian M Møller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Patrice X Petit
- INSERM U 1124 "Toxicologie, Pharmacologie et Signalisation Cellulaire" and "FR 3567" CNRS Chimie, Toxicologie, Signalisation Cellulaire et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Université Paris Descartes - Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères Paris, France
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Antineoplastic impact of leishmanial sphingolipid in tumour growth with regulation of angiogenic event and inflammatory response. Apoptosis 2015; 20:869-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-015-1121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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Das S, Chatterjee N, Bose D, Banerjee S, Jha T, Saha KD. Leishmanial sphingolipid induces apoptosis in Sarcoma 180 cancer cells through regulation of tumour growth via angiogenic switchover. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3109-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2947-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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29
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Shichiri M, Adkins Y, Ishida N, Umeno A, Shigeri Y, Yoshida Y, Fedor DM, Mackey BE, Kelley DS. DHA concentration of red blood cells is inversely associated with markers of lipid peroxidation in men taking DHA supplement. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 55:196-202. [PMID: 25411526 PMCID: PMC4227822 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in the proportion of fatty acids with higher numbers of double bonds is believed to increase lipid peroxidation, which augments the risk for many chronic diseases. (n-3) Polyunsaturated fatty acids provide various health benefits, but there is a concern that they might increase lipid peroxidation. We examined the effects of docosahexaenoic acid [22:6 (n-3)] supplementation on lipid peroxidation markers in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) and their associations with red blood cell and plasma fatty acids. Hypertriglyceridemic men (n = 17 per group) aged 39–66 years participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel study. They received no supplements for the first 8 days and then received 7.5 g/day docosahexaenoic acid oil (3 g/day docosahexaenoic acid) or olive oil (placebo) for 90 days. Fasting blood samples were collected 0, 45, and 91 days after supplementation. Docosahexaenoic acid supplementation did not change plasma or RBC concentrations of lipid peroxidation markers (total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, total hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, total 8-isoprostaglandin F2α, 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol) when pre- and post-supplement values were compared. However, the post-supplement docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration was inversely associated with RBC concentrations of ZE-HODE, EE-HODE, t-HODE, and total 8-isoprostaglandin F2α, (p<0.05). RBC concentration of hydroxycholesterol was also inversely associated with DHA but it did not attain significance (p = 0.07). Our results suggest that increased concentration of DHA in RBC lipids reduced lipid peroxidation. This may be another health benefit of DHA in addition to its many other health promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototada Shichiri
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yuriko Adkins
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Noriko Ishida
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Aya Umeno
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shigeri
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- Health Research Institute (HRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan
| | - Dawn M Fedor
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce E Mackey
- Western Regional Research Center, ARS, USDA, Albany, CA 94710, USA
| | - Darshan S Kelley
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, ARS, USDA and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Skender B, Hofmanová J, Slavík J, Jelínková I, Machala M, Moyer MP, Kozubík A, Hyršlová Vaculová A. DHA-mediated enhancement of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells is associated with engagement of mitochondria and specific alterations in sphingolipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:1308-17. [PMID: 24953781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid present in fish oil, may exert cytotoxic and/or cytostatic effects on colon cancer cells when applied individually or in combination with some anticancer drugs. Here we demonstrate a selective ability of subtoxic doses of DHA to enhance antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of clinically useful cytokine TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand) in cancer but not normal human colon cells. DHA-mediated stimulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis was associated with extensive engagement of mitochondrial pathway (Bax/Bak activation, drop of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release), activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress response (CHOP upregulation, changes in PERK level), decrease of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP, cIAP1) levels and significant changes in sphingolipid metabolism (intracellular levels of ceramides, hexosyl ceramides, sphingomyelines, sphingosines; HPLC/MS/MS). Interestingly, we found significant differences in representation of various classes of ceramides (especially C16:0, C24:1) between the cancer and normal colon cells treated with DHA and TRAIL, and suggested their potential role in the regulation of the cell response to the drug combination. These study outcomes highlight the potential of DHA for a new combination therapy with TRAIL for selective elimination of colon cancer cells via simultaneous targeting of multiple steps in apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Skender
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Hofmanová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Slavík
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jelínková
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Machala
- Department of Toxicology, Pharmacology and Immunotherapy, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alois Kozubík
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Hyršlová Vaculová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zarepoor L, Lu JT, Zhang C, Wu W, Lepp D, Robinson L, Wanasundara J, Cui S, Villeneuve S, Fofana B, Tsao R, Wood GA, Power KA. Dietary flaxseed intake exacerbates acute colonic mucosal injury and inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 306:G1042-55. [PMID: 24763556 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00253.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Flaxseed (FS), a dietary oilseed, contains a variety of anti-inflammatory bioactives, including fermentable fiber, phenolic compounds (lignans), and the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) α-linolenic acid. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of FS and its n-3 PUFA-rich kernel or lignan- and soluble fiber-rich hull on colitis severity in a mouse model of acute colonic inflammation. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a basal diet (negative control) or a basal diet supplemented with 10% FS, 6% kernel, or 4% hull for 3 wk prior to and during colitis induction via 5 days of 2% (wt/vol) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in their drinking water (n = 12/group). An increase in anti-inflammatory metabolites (hepatic n-3 PUFAs, serum mammalian lignans, and cecal short-chain fatty acids) was associated with consumption of all FS-based diets, but not with anti-inflammatory effects in DSS-exposed mice. Dietary FS exacerbated DSS-induced acute colitis, as indicated by a heightened disease activity index and an increase in colonic injury and inflammatory biomarkers [histological damage, apoptosis, myeloperoxidase, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β), and NF-κB signaling-related genes (Nfkb1, Ccl5, Bcl2a1a, Egfr, Relb, Birc3, and Atf1)]. Additionally, the adverse effect of the FS diet was extended systemically, as serum cytokines (IL-6, IFNγ, and IL-1β) and hepatic cholesterol levels were increased. The adverse effects of FS were not associated with alterations in fecal microbial load or systemic bacterial translocation (endotoxemia). Collectively, this study demonstrates that although consumption of a 10% FS diet enhanced the levels of n-3 PUFAs, short-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and lignans in mice, it exacerbated DSS-induced colonic injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zarepoor
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenifer T Lu
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Zhang
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenqing Wu
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dion Lepp
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lindsay Robinson
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Steve Cui
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Bourlaye Fofana
- Crops and Livestock Research Centre, AAFC, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada; and
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krista A Power
- Guelph Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Human Health and Nutritional Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;
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Serini S, Fasano E, Celleno L, Cittadini A, Calviello G. Potential of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in melanoma prevention. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:255-66. [PMID: 24665956 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible antineoplastic activity of dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) has been supported by ample preclinical studies that have identified a number of molecular factors and pathways affected by these fatty acids and involved in cell growth, apoptosis, invasion, and angiogenesis. The aim of this critical review is to assess the current state of knowledge on the potential anticancer effects of LC n-3 PUFAs against malignant melanoma, one of the most common cancers among Western populations. The results of preclinical as well as human observational and interventional studies investigating the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs in melanoma were examined. Overall, the analysis of the literature reveals that, even though a large body of information is available, further effort is needed to identify the main molecular targets of LC n-3 PUFAs in melanoma. Moreover, additional well-designed human observational studies are essential to shed further light on the issue. The results of these studies could provide support and specific information for the development of clinical studies, especially those performed in combination with conventional or innovative antineoplastic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Serini
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Piazzi G, D'Argenio G, Prossomariti A, Lembo V, Mazzone G, Candela M, Biagi E, Brigidi P, Vitaglione P, Fogliano V, D'Angelo L, Fazio C, Munarini A, Belluzzi A, Ceccarelli C, Chieco P, Balbi T, Loadman PM, Hull MA, Romano M, Bazzoli F, Ricciardiello L. Eicosapentaenoic acid free fatty acid prevents and suppresses colonic neoplasia in colitis-associated colorectal cancer acting on Notch signaling and gut microbiota. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2004-13. [PMID: 24676631 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Epidemiological data show that the consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) decreases the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Importantly, recent data have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid-free fatty acid (EPA-FFA) reduces polyp formation and growth in models of familial adenomatous polyposis. However, the effects of dietary EPA-FFA are unknown in CAC. We tested the effectiveness of substituting EPA-FFA, for other dietary fats, in preventing inflammation and cancer in the AOM-DSS model of CAC. The AOM-DSS protocols were designed to evaluate the effect of EPA-FFA on both initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis. We found that EPA-FFA diet strongly decreased tumor multiplicity, incidence and maximum tumor size in the promotion and initiation arms. Moreover EPA-FFA, in particular in the initiation arm, led to reduced cell proliferation and nuclear β-catenin expression, whilst it increased apoptosis. In both arms, EPA-FFA treatment led to increased membrane switch from ω-6 to ω-3 PUFAs and a concomitant reduction in PGE2 production. We observed no significant changes in intestinal inflammation between EPA-FFA treated arms and AOM-DSS controls. Importantly, we found that EPA-FFA treatment restored the loss of Notch signaling found in the AOM-DSS control and resulted in the enrichment of Lactobacillus species in the gut microbiota. Taken together, our data suggest that EPA-FFA is an excellent candidate for CRC chemoprevention in CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Piazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Wang S, Hannafon BN, Wolf RF, Zhou J, Avery JE, Wu J, Lind SE, Ding WQ. Characterization of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in human cancer cells: the importance of enhanced BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) degradation. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:515-25. [PMID: 24613086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in cancer cells has never been characterized. This study examines DHA-induced HO-1 expression in human cancer cell model systems. DHA enhanced HO-1 gene expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, with maximal induction at 21 h of treatment. This induction of HO-1 expression was confirmed in vivo using a xenograft nude mouse model fed a fish-oil-enriched diet. The increase in HO-1 gene transcription induced by DHA was significantly attenuated by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress. This was supported by direct measurement of lipid peroxide levels after DHA treatment. Using a human HO-1 gene promoter reporter construct, we identified two antioxidant response elements (AREs) that mediate the DHA-induced increase in HO-1 gene transcription. Knockdown of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) expression compromised the DHA-induced increase in HO-1 gene transcription, indicating the importance of the Nrf2 pathway in this event. However, the nuclear protein levels of Nrf2 remained unchanged upon DHA treatment. Further studies demonstrated that DHA reduces nuclear Bach1 protein expression by promoting its degradation and attenuates Bach1 binding to the AREs in the HO-1 gene promoter. In contrast, DHA enhanced Nrf2 binding to the AREs without affecting nuclear Nrf2 expression levels, indicating a new cellular mechanism that mediates DHA's induction of HO-1 gene transcription. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of DHA-induced HO-1 expression in human malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 411A, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bethany N Hannafon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 411A, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Roman F Wolf
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 411A, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jundong Zhou
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jori E Avery
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 411A, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Jinchang Wu
- Department of Radio-Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Stuart E Lind
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, BRC 411A, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid DHA induces simultaneous apoptosis and autophagy via mitochondrial ROS-mediated Akt-mTOR signaling in prostate cancer cells expressing mutant p53. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:568671. [PMID: 23841076 PMCID: PMC3691929 DOI: 10.1155/2013/568671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) induces autophagy-associated apoptotic cell death in wild-type p53 cancer cells via regulation of p53. The present study investigated the effects of DHA on PC3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines harboring mutant p53. Results show that, in addition to apoptosis, DHA increased the expression levels of lipidated form LC3B and potently stimulated the autophagic flux, suggesting that DHA induces both autophagy and apoptosis in cancer cells expressing mutant p53. DHA led to the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), as shown by the mitochondrial ROS-specific probe mitoSOX. Similarly, pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) markedly inhibited both the autophagy and the apoptosis triggered by DHA, indicating that mitochondrial ROS mediate the cytotoxicity of DHA in mutant p53 cells. Further, DHA reduced the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-mTOR in a concentration-dependent manner, while NAC almost completely blocked that effect. Collectively, these findings present a novel mechanism of ROS-regulated apoptosis and autophagy that involves Akt-mTOR signaling in prostate cancer cells with mutant p53 exposed to DHA.
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Sharma G, Rani I, Kansal S, Bhatnagar A, Agnihotri N. Alterations in Mitochondrial Membrane in Chemopreventive Action of Fish Oil. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:231-40. [DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.780076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Patil VA, Greenberg ML. Cardiolipin-mediated cellular signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 991:195-213. [PMID: 23775697 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-6331-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on recent studies showing that cardiolipin (CL), a unique mitochondrial phospholipid, regulates many cellular functions and signaling pathways, both inside and outside the mitochondria. Inside the mitochondria, CL is a critical target of mitochondrial generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulates signaling events related to apoptosis and aging. CL deficiency causes perturbation of signaling pathways outside the mitochondria, including the PKC-Slt2 cell integrity pathway and the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, and is a key player in the cross-talk between the mitochondria and the vacuole. Understanding these connections may shed light on the pathology of Barth syndrome, a disorder of CL remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay A Patil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Raza Shaikh S, Brown DA. Models of plasma membrane organization can be applied to mitochondrial membranes to target human health and disease with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:21-5. [PMID: 22464052 PMCID: PMC3391319 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), abundant in fish oil, have potential for treating symptoms associated with inflammatory and metabolic disorders; therefore, it is essential to determine their fundamental molecular mechanisms. Recently, several labs have demonstrated the n-3 PUFA docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exerts anti-inflammatory effects by targeting the molecular organization of plasma membrane microdomains. Here we briefly review the evidence that DHA reorganizes the spatial distribution of microdomains in several model systems. We then emphasize how models on DHA and plasma membrane microdomains can be applied to mitochondrial membranes. We discuss the role of DHA acyl chains in regulating mitochondrial lipid-protein clustering, and how these changes alter several aspects of mitochondrial function. In particular, we summarize effects of DHA on mitochondrial respiration, electron leak, permeability transition, and mitochondrial calcium handling. Finally, we conclude by postulating future experiments that will augment our understanding of DHA-dependent membrane organization in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 28590, USA.
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Al-Gubory KH. Mitochondria: Omega-3 in the route of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:1569-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Colon cancer cell chemosensitisation by fish oil emulsion involves apoptotic mitochondria pathway. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:1188-95. [PMID: 22874769 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200308x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adjuvant use of safe compounds with anti-tumour properties has been proposed to improve cancer chemotherapy outcome. We aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil emulsion (FOE) rich in n-3 PUFA with the standard chemotherapeutic agents 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (OX) or irinotecan (IRI) on two human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells with different genetic backgrounds. The HT-29 (Bax+/+) and LS174T (Bax-/-) cells were co-treated for 24-72 h with 1 μm-5-FU, 1 μm-OX or 10 μm-IRI and/or FOE dilution corresponding to 24 μm-EPA and 20·5 μm-DHA. Soyabean oil emulsion (SOE) was used as isoenergetic and isolipid control. Cell viability, apoptosis and nuclear morphological changes were evaluated by cytotoxic colorimetric assay, flow cytometry analysis with annexin V and 4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, respectively. A cationic fluorescent probe was used to evaluate mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein expression involved in mitochondrial apoptosis was determined by Western blot. In contrast to SOE, co-treatment with FOE enhanced significantly the pro-apoptotic and cytotoxic effects of 5-FU, OX or IRI in HT-29 but not in LS174T cells (two-way ANOVA, P <0.01). These results were confirmed by the formation of apoptotic bodies in HT-29 cells. A significant increase in mitochondrial membrane depolarisation was observed after the combination of 5-FU or IRI with FOE in HT-29 but not in LS174T cells (P <0.05). Co-administration of FOE with the standard agents, 5-FU, OX and IRI, could be a good alternative to increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic protocols through a Bax-dependent mitochondrial pathway.
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Kim PY, Zhong M, Kim YS, Sanborn BM, Allen KGD. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids alter oxytocin signaling and receptor density in cultured pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41708. [PMID: 22848573 PMCID: PMC3406084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies and interventional clinical trials indicate that consumption of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) lengthen gestational duration. Although the mechanisms are not well understood, prostaglandins (PG) of the 2-series are known to play a role in the initiation and progress of labor. In animal studies, modest DHA provision has been shown to reduce placental and uterine PGE(2) and PGF(2α), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression, and placental collagenase activity. However, modulation of PG biosynthesis may not account for all the effects of LC n-3 PUFAs in labor. We investigated one potential PG-independent mechanism of LC PUFA action using cultured pregnant human myometrial smooth muscle cells. Our goal was to characterize the effect of LC PUFA treatment on oxytocin signaling, a potent uterotonic hormone involved in labor. The addition of 10 µM-100 µM DHA or arachidonic acid (AA) to the culture media for 48 h resulted in dose dependent enrichment of these fatty acids in membrane lipid. DHA and AA significantly inhibited phosphatidylinositol turnover and [Ca(2+)](i) mobilization with oxytocin stimulation compared to bovine serum albumin control and equimolar oleic acid. DHA and AA significantly reduced oxytocin receptor membrane concentration without altering binding affinity or rate of receptor internalization. These findings demonstrate a role for LC n-3 PUFAs in regulation of oxytocin signaling and provide new insight into additional mechanisms pertaining to reports of dietary fish and fish oil consumption prolonging gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Y. Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Miao Zhong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Yoon-Sun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Barbara M. Sanborn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kenneth G. D. Allen
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Hofmanová J, Ciganek M, Slavík J, Kozubík A, Stixová L, Vaculová A, Dušek L, Machala M. Lipid alterations in human colon epithelial cells induced to differentiation and/or apoptosis by butyrate and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:539-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Kachroo P, Ivanov I, Davidson LA, Chowdhary BP, Lupton JR, Chapkin RS. Classification of diet-modulated gene signatures at the colon cancer initiation and progression stages. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:2595-604. [PMID: 21409376 PMCID: PMC3139012 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-011-1652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of dietary polyunsaturated (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on intestinal cytokinetics within the context of colon cancer initiation and progression have been extensively studied. n-3 PUFAs have received the most attention due to their potential protective role. However, further investigation of the epigenetic perturbations caused by fatty acids in the context of colon cancer development is needed. METHODS We used DNA microarrays to identify discriminative gene signatures (gene combinations) for the purpose of classifying n-3 PUFA-fed, carcinogen-injected, Sprague-Dawley rats at the initiation and progression stages. Animals were assigned to three dietary treatments differing only in the type of fat (corn oil/n-6 PUFA, fish oil/n-3 PUFA, or olive oil/n-9 monounsaturated fatty acid). RESULTS The effects of diet on colonic mucosal gene expression signatures during tumor initiation and progression were subsequently compared (12 h and 10 weeks after azoxymethane injection). Microarray analysis revealed that the number of differentially expressed (DE) genes in each of the three diet comparisons increased with the progression of colon cancer. Each dietary lipid source exhibited its own unique transcriptional profile, as assessed by linear discriminant analysis. Applying this novel approach, we identified the single genes and the two- to three-gene combinations that best distinguished the dietary treatment groups. For the chemoprotective (fish oil) diet, mediators of stem cell homeostasis, e.g., ephrin B1 and bone morphogenic protein 4, were the top-performing gene classifiers. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that dietary chemoprotective n-3 PUFA impact genes that regulate the colon stem cell niche and tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kachroo
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, 422C VMR Bldg, College Station, TX 77843-4466, USA
| | - Laurie A. Davidson
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Kleberg Center, Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
| | - Bhanu P. Chowdhary
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4458, USA
| | - Joanne R. Lupton
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Kleberg Center, Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Kleberg Center, Center for Environmental and Rural Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2253, USA
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Dyck MC, Ma DWL, Meckling KA. The anticancer effects of Vitamin D and omega-3 PUFAs in combination via cod-liver oil: One plus one may equal more than two. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:326-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are naturally occurring omega (ω)-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which are found in highest quantities in oily fish such as sardines and mackerel. Epidemiological studies of the association between fish intake, ω-3 PUFA intake or blood ω-3 PUFA levels and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have not consistently suggested beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs on CRC (and other gastrointestinal cancer) risk. However, dietary administration of one or both of the main ω-3 PUFAs in rodent models of colorectal carcinogenesis has been demonstrated to reduce colorectal tumour size and multiplicity, compatible with CRC chemopreventative activity. EPA has now been demonstrated to reduce rectal polyp number and size in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. A randomized polyp prevention trial of EPA is underway in order to test chemopreventative efficacy against 'sporadic' colorectal neoplasia.
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Novel Anticancer Platinum(IV) Complexes with Adamantylamine: Their Efficiency and Innovative Chemotherapy Strategies Modifying Lipid Metabolism. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2008:417897. [PMID: 18414587 PMCID: PMC2291354 DOI: 10.1155/2008/417897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2007] [Revised: 10/08/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The impressive impact of cisplatin on cancer on one side and severe side effects, as well as the development of drug resistance during treatment on the other side, were the factors motivating scientists to design and synthesize new more potent analogues lacking disadvantages of cisplatin. Platinum(IV) complexes represent one of the perspective groups of platinum-based drugs. In this review, we summarize recent findings on both in vitro and in vivo effects of platinum(IV) complexes with adamantylamine. Based on a literary overview of the mechanisms of activity of platinum-based cytostatics, we discuss opportunities for modulating the effects of novel platinum complexes through interactions with apoptotic signaling pathways and with cellular lipids, including modulations of the mitochondrial cell death pathway, oxidative stress, signaling of death ligands, lipid metabolism/signaling, or intercellular communication. These approaches might significantly enhance the efficacy of both novel and established platinum-based cytostatics.
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Cho Y, Kim H, Turner ND, Mann JC, Wei J, Taddeo SS, Davidson LA, Wang N, Vannucci M, Carroll RJ, Chapkin RS, Lupton JR. A chemoprotective fish oil- and pectin-containing diet temporally alters gene expression profiles in exfoliated rat colonocytes throughout oncogenesis. J Nutr 2011; 141:1029-35. [PMID: 21508209 PMCID: PMC3095137 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.134973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that fish oil- and pectin-containing (FO/P) diets protect against colon cancer compared with corn oil and cellulose (CO/C) by upregulating apoptosis and suppressing proliferation. To elucidate the mechanisms whereby FO/P diets induce apoptosis and suppress proliferation during the tumorigenic process, we analyzed the temporal gene expression profiles from exfoliated rat colonocytes. Rats consumed diets containing FO/P or CO/C and were injected with azoxymethane (AOM; 2 times, 15 mg/kg body weight, subcutaneously). Feces collected at initiation (24 h after AOM injection) and at aberrant crypt foci (ACF) (7 wk postinjection) and tumor (28 wk postinjection) stages of colon cancer were used for poly (A)+ RNA extraction. Gene expression signatures were determined using Codelink arrays. Changes in phenotypes (ACF, apoptosis, proliferation, and tumor incidence) were measured to establish the regulatory controls contributing to the chemoprotective effects of FO/P. At initiation, FO/P downregulated the expression of 3 genes involved with cell adhesion and enhanced apoptosis compared with CO/C. At the ACF stage, the expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation was modulated by FO/P and the zone of proliferation was reduced in FO/P rats compared with CO/C rats. FO/P also increased apoptosis and the expression of genes that promote apoptosis at the tumor endpoint compared with CO/C. We conclude that the effects of chemotherapeutic diets on epithelial cell gene expression can be monitored noninvasively throughout the tumorigenic process and that a FO/P diet is chemoprotective in part due to its ability to affect expression of genes involved in apoptosis and cell cycle regulation throughout all stages of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Cho
- Faculty of Nutrition Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Hyemee Kim
- Faculty of Nutrition Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Nancy D. Turner
- Faculty of Nutrition Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - John C. Mann
- Faculty of Nutrition Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Jiawei Wei
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Stella S. Taddeo
- Faculty of Nutrition Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | | | - Naisyin Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Marina Vannucci
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Raymond J. Carroll
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Faculty of Nutrition Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Joanne R. Lupton
- Faculty of Nutrition Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Kolar S, Barhoumi R, Jones CK, Wesley J, Lupton JR, Fan YY, Chapkin RS. Interactive effects of fatty acid and butyrate-induced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ loading and apoptosis in colonocytes. Cancer 2011; 117:5294-303. [PMID: 21563175 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of fish oil-derived docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (22:6; omega 3 [n-3]) and butyrate (4:0), a fiber fermentation product, synergized to enhance colonocyte apoptosis by inducing a p53-independent, oxidation sensitive, mitochondrial Ca(2+) -dependent (intrinsic) pathway. METHODS In this study, the authors probed the specificity of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid induction of Ca(2+) -dependent proapoptotic events in immortalized young adult mouse colonocytes and determined whether combinations of polyunsaturated fatty acid and butyrate could trigger endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions, thereby promoting mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload. Cultures were treated with 0 μM to 50 μM of DHA (22:6; n-3), EPA (20:5; n-3), arachidoinic acid (AA) (20:4; n-6), linoleic acid (18:2; n-6), or oleic acid (OA) (18:1; n-9) for a total of 72 hours with or without RU-360 (to inhibit the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter) for 30 minutes before cotreatment with butyrate (0 mM or 5 mM). RESULTS Combined DHA and butyrate maximally induced apoptosis and mitochondrial-to-cytosolic Ca(2+) levels. By comparison, EPA, a precursor to DHA, was minimally effective. Similarly, AA and OA in combination with butyrate had no effect on mitochondrial Ca(2+) or apoptosis compared with butyrate alone. DHA with or without butyrate cotreatment minimally altered the ER stress-regulated genes DNA damage-inducible transcript 3, the CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP), and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α. CONCLUSIONS The current data indicated that butyrate and DHA, but not EPA, worked in a coordinated fashion to trigger an ER-independent, Ca(2+) -dependent, intrinsic mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic pathway in colonocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Kolar
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Fan YY, Ran Q, Toyokuni S, Okazaki Y, Callaway ES, Lupton JR, Chapkin RS. Dietary fish oil promotes colonic apoptosis and mitochondrial proton leak in oxidatively stressed mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2011; 4:1267-74. [PMID: 21490130 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An alteration of mitochondrial function can result in disruption of redox homeostasis and is associated with abnormal cancer cell growth. Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) are two of the most important antioxidant defense enzymes that protect cells against oxidative stress. We had previously shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) promote colonocyte apoptosis, a marker of colon cancer risk, in part by enhancing phospholipid oxidation. To elucidate the mechanisms regulating oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in vivo, we fed heterozygous SOD2(Het), Gpx4(Het), and transgenic Gpx4(Tg) mice diets containing either 15% corn oil by weight (CO, enriched in n-6 PUFA) or 3.5% CO + 11.5% fish oil (FO, enriched in n-3 PUFA) for 4 weeks. Our data showed that (i) genetic predeposition to oxidative stress facilitates apoptosis in the mouse colon (Gpx4(Het) > SOD2(Het) > Wt > Gpx4(Tg)), (ii) dietary n-3 PUFA have an additive effect on the induction of apoptosis in Gpx4(Het) and SOD2(Het) mice; and (iii) dietary n-3 PUFA reverse the phenotype in oxidatively protected Gpx4(Tg) mice by elevating apoptosis to a level observed in wild-type (Wt; control) animals. Complimentary experiments examining colonic mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles indicate that FO-fed mice exhibit a significantly (P < 0.05) increased respiration-induced proton leak relative to control CO treatment. This finding was consistent with a loss of membrane potential in response to chronic oxidative stress and supports the contention that n-3 PUFA alter mitochondrial metabolic activity, thereby enhancing apoptosis and reducing colon cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yi Fan
- Program in Integrative Nutrition & Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Turk HF, Kolar SS, Fan YY, Cozby CA, Lupton JR, Chapkin RS. Linoleic acid and butyrate synergize to increase Bcl-2 levels in colonocytes. Int J Cancer 2010; 128:63-71. [PMID: 20232381 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The biological properties of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) classes have been the source of much contention. For example, n-3 PUFA are chemoprotective, whereas n-6 PUFA may promote tumor development. Since dietary components can have combinatorial effects, we further examined the apoptotic properties of n-3 or n-6 fatty acids when combined with different fiber sources. Mice were fed diets supplemented with either fish oil (FO; enriched in n-3 PUFA) or corn oil (CO; enriched in n-6 PUFA) and nonfermentable (cellulose) or fermentable (pectin) fiber sources. In complementary experiments, immortalized young adult mouse colonic (YAMC) cells were treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) or linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) with or without butyrate. Mice fed a FO and pectin diet had significantly (p < 0.05) increased levels of apoptosis in colonocytes compared to all other diets. Similarly, apoptosis was highly induced in DHA and butyrate cotreated YAMC cells. In contrast, in both YAMC and mouse models, LA/CO with butyrate/pectin treatment reduced apoptosis and enhanced expression of bcl-2. The LA and butyrate induced antiapoptotic phenotype was reversed by knocking down bcl-2 using targeted siRNA. In comparison, overexpression of bcl-2 blocked the proapoptotic effect of DHA and butyrate. These data provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation of apoptosis by dietary PUFA and fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmony F Turk
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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