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Kumar R, Harilal S, Carradori S, Mathew B. A Comprehensive Overview of Colon Cancer- A Grim Reaper of the 21st Century. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2657-2696. [PMID: 33106132 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201026143757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
A few decades ago, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) was low and is now the fourth in the list of deadly cancers producing nearly a million deaths annually. A population that is aging along with risk factors such as smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle with little or no physical activity, and non-healthy food habits of developed countries can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The balance in gut microbiota and the metabolites produced during bacterial fermentation within the host plays a significant role in regulating intestinal diseases as well as colorectal cancer development. Recent progress in the understanding of illness resulted in multiple treatment options such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, including targeted therapy and multitherapies. The treatment plan for CRC depends on the location, stage and grade of cancer as well as genomic biomarker tests. Despite all the advancements made in the genetic and molecular aspects of the disease, the knowledge seems inadequate as the drug action as well as the wide variation in drug response did not appear strongly correlated with the individual molecular and genetic characteristics, which suggests the requirement of comprehensive molecular understanding of this complex heterogeneous disease. Furthermore, multitherapies or a broad spectrum approach, which is an amalgamation of the various promising as well as effective therapeutic strategies that can tackle heterogeneity and act on several targets of the disease, need to be validated in clinical studies. The latest treatment options have significantly increased the survival of up to three years in the case of advanced disease. The fact that colorectal cancer is developed from a polypoid precursor, as well as the symptoms of the disease that occur at an advanced stage, underlines how screening programs can help early detection and decrease mortality as well as morbidity from CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Seetha Harilal
- Department of Pharmacy, Kerala University of Health Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi-682 041, India
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2
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Vora D, Kincaid AE, Tolman J, Chauhan H. Characterization and Systemic Delivery of Dibenzoylmethane via the Intranasal Route. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:30. [PMID: 33404926 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal (IN) administration is known to be noninvasive with the potential to carry a drug or vaccine directly to the blood, bypassing first-pass metabolism in the liver and the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal system. Orally administered dibenzoylmethane (DBM) has been shown experimentally to be neuroprotective in animal models of tauopathy and prion disease and effective in the treatment of certain forms of cancers. The purpose of this study was to prepare, characterize, and test formulations of DBM designed for IN administration. DBM was formulated in brain homogenate (BH) and hypromellose and as nanoparticles (NPs). These formulations were detected using UPLC and characterized in solid and suspension states; NPs were also characterized by in vitro cell culture-based studies. Particle size for DBM NP was 163.8 ± 3.2 nm, and in vitro release studies showed 95.80% of DBM was released from the NPs within 8 days. In vitro cell, culture studies suggested no drug uptake until 6 h. A histological analysis of nasal cavity (NC) sections and blood detection studies were carried out 30 min after inhalation. DBM amounting to 40.77 ± 4.93 and 44.45 ± 5.36 ng/mL was detected in the blood of animals administered DBM in polymeric and NP formulation, respectively. Histological studies on NCs confirmed the presence of BH within lymphatic vessels in the lamina propria of each animal; BH was identified traversing the mucosa in 2 animals. Thus, formulations for DBM administered via IN route were successfully designed and characterized and able to cross the nasal mucosa following inhalation.
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Song JL, Lee JS, Kim HY, Jeong BJ, Jeong JS, Huh TG, Park KY. Dietary Mixed Cereal Grains Ameliorate the Azoxymethane and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colonic Carcinogenesis in C57BL/6J Mice. J Med Food 2020; 23:440-452. [PMID: 32186945 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemopreventive effects of various mixed cereal grain (MCG) samples on azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS, 0.02 g/mL)-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) in C57BL/6J mice were studied. The main MCG preparation consisted of fermented brown rice (FBR), glutinous brown rice, glutinous Sorghum bicolor, glutinous Panicum miliaceum, Coix lacryma-jobi, and black soybean at an appropriate mixing ratio. Other MCG preparations contained rice coated with 5% Phellinus linteus and 5% Curcuma longa (MCG-PC) or 10% Phellinus linteus (MCG-P) or 10% Curcuma longa (MCG-C). Consumption of dietary MCG-PC by CRC mice significantly increased colon length, decreased the ratio of colon weight to length, and reduced the number of colon tumors. Similar effects, although to a lower extent, were observed in CRC mice fed with MCG-P, followed by those fed with MCG-C, MCG, FBR, or white rice. MCG-PC significantly suppressed colonic neoplasia and decreased the levels of various cytokines (tumor necrosis factor: Tnf, interleukin 1 beta: Il1b, interleukin 6: Il6, and interferon gamma: Ifnγ) in serum and colon tissue of the CRC mice. In addition, MCG-PC increased the mRNA expressions of tumor suppressor protein p53 (Tp53) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cdkn1a), activated pro-apoptotic caspase 3 (Casp3), and reduced expressions of both mRNA and protein of inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2), and cyclin D1 (Ccnd1) in colon tissue. These findings suggest that compared with other cereal grain preparations, MCG-PC had a greater activity against AOM/DSS-induced CRC by reducing intestinal inflammation and modulating the expression of certain carcinogenesis related factors (Nos2, Ptgs2, Tp53, Cdkn1a, Ccnd1, and Casp3) in colon tissue of CRC mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Le Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, China.,Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jung-Sook Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, South Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Korean Medicine Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, South Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kun-Young Park
- Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China.,Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Cha University, Seongnam, South Korea
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4
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Boldry EJ, Yuan JM, Carmella SG, Wang R, Tessier K, Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Tretyakova NY. Effects of 2-Phenethyl Isothiocyanate on Metabolism of 1,3-Butadiene in Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2019; 13:91-100. [PMID: 31771940 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a natural product found as a conjugate in cruciferous vegetables. It has been reported to have preventative properties against lung cancer and to inhibit metabolic activation of tobacco carcinogens. In this study, we evaluated the ability of PEITC to influence the metabolism of the human carcinogen 1,3-butadiene in current smokers in a phase II clinical trial with a crossover design. Urinary mercapturic acids of 1,3-butadiene were quantified at baseline and during PEITC treatment. Seventy-nine smokers were randomly assigned to one of two arms: PEITC followed by placebo or placebo followed by PEITC. During the 1-week treatment period, each subject took PEITC (10 mg in 1 mL of olive oil, 4 times per day). There was a 1-week washout period between the PEITC and placebo periods. Oral ingestion of PEITC increased urinary levels of BD-mercapturic acids (MHBMA and DHBMA) by 11.1% and 3.7%, respectively, but these increases were not statistically significant (P = 0.17 and 0.64, respectively). A much stronger effect was observed among subjects with the null genotype of both GSTM1 and GSTT1: in these individuals, PEITC increased urinary levels of MHBMA by 58.7% (P = 0.004) and 90.0% (P = 0.001), respectively, but did not have a significant effect on urinary DHBMA. These results reveal a potentially protective effect of PEITC treatment with respect to the detoxification of 1,3-butadiene in cigarette smokers, specifically in those null for GSTT1, and provide further evidence in support of stronger chemopreventive effects from consumption of dietary isothiocyanates in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Boldry
- University of Minnesota Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven G Carmella
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Renwei Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katelyn Tessier
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Stephen S Hecht
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- University of Minnesota Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Zheng Z, Chen Y, Huang J, Deng H, Tang X, Wang XJ. Mkp-1 is required for chemopreventive activity of butylated hydroxyanisole and resveratrol against colitis-associated colon tumorigenesis. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:72-80. [PMID: 30844440 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many dietary compounds show promising protective activity against colon cancer by activating nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). Recently, we reported that mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (Mkp-1) exhibits crosstalk with the Nrf2 signaling pathway, protecting against intestinal inflammation. Here, we present evidence that Mkp-1 is required for the chemopreventive action of the Nrf2 activators butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and resveratrol (RSV). In an azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium model of colitis-associated tumorigenesis, Mkp-1-/- mice exhibited a phenotype similar to Nrf2-/- mice with significantly more tumors than WT mice. Tumors from Mkp-1-/- mice exhibited higher levels of macrophage infiltration than those from WT mice. This was accompanied by increased expression of nitrotyrosine and p53BP1, markers of oxidative stress and DNA damage, respectively. Moreover, dietary suppression of tumorigenesis using BHA (0.5%) or RSV (300 ppm) supplementation was achieved in WT but not in Mkp-1-/- mice. In adenomas from WT mice, the expression of Mkp-1 was markedly lower than in adjacent normal tissue, concomitant with the down-regulation of Nrf2 and its target genes. Our data revealed that Mkp-1 is required in the protective role of Nrf2 signaling against colitis-associated tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Yeru Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Chu Kochen Honors College, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China; Department of Biochemistry, Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiuwen Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Thoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China
| | - Xiu Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.
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Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits In Vivo Growth of Xenograft Tumors of Human Glioblastoma Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092305. [PMID: 30201893 PMCID: PMC6225357 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) from cruciferous vegetables can inhibit the growth of various human cancer cells. In previous studies, we determined that PEITC inhibited the in vitro growth of human glioblastoma GBM 8401 cells by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting migration and invasion, and altering gene expression. Nevertheless, there are no further in vivo reports disclosing whether PEITC can suppress the growth of glioblastoma. Therefore, in this study we investigate the anti-tumor effects of PEITC in a xenograft model of glioblastoma in nude mice. Thirty nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with GBM 8401 cells. Mice with one palpable tumor were divided randomly into three groups: control, PEITC-10, and PEITC-20 groups treated with 0.1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 10 and 20 μmole PEITC/100 μL PBS daily by oral gavage, respectively. PEITC significantly decreased tumor weights and volumes of GBM 8401 cells in mice, but did not affect the total body weights of mice. PEITC diminished the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 (myeloid cell leukemia 1) and XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein) in GBM 8401 cells. PEITC enhanced the levels of caspase-3 and Bax in GBM 8401 cells. The growth of glioblastoma can be suppressed by the biological properties of PEITC in vivo. These effects might support further investigations into the potential use of PEITC as an anticancer drug for glioblastoma.
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Kang B, Kim JH, Kim CY, Hong J, Choi HS. Dibenzoylmethane, a Component of Licorice, Suppresses Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation and Inflammatory Responses in Human Monocytes and Mouse Macrophages. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1228-1236. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Kang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Korea University
| | - Joo Hyoun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University
| | | | - Jungil Hong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University
| | - Hyeon-Son Choi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women’s University
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8
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Zhao Y, Hu X, Zuo X, Wang M. Chemopreventive effects of some popular phytochemicals on human colon cancer: a review. Food Funct 2018; 9:4548-4568. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes (1) the epidemiology and etiology of colon cancer, (2) generalized cancer chemoprotective mechanisms, and (3) the chemopreventive properties of some popular phytochemicals as well as some phytochemicals developed by our research group recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
| | - Xinyuan Zuo
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin City
- China
| | - Mingfu Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology
- Shanghai Ocean University
- Shanghai
- China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai)
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Chikara S, Nagaprashantha LD, Singhal J, Horne D, Awasthi S, Singhal SS. Oxidative stress and dietary phytochemicals: Role in cancer chemoprevention and treatment. Cancer Lett 2017; 413:122-134. [PMID: 29113871 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological observations have shown an inverse relation between consumption of plant-based foods, rich in phytochemicals, and incidence of cancer. Phytochemicals, secondary plant metabolites, via their antioxidant property play a key role in cancer chemoprevention by suppressing oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. In addition, they modulate several oxidative stress-mediated signaling pathways through their anti-oxidant effects, and ultimately protect cells from undergoing molecular changes that trigger carcinogenesis. In several instances, however, the pro-oxidant property of these phytochemicals has been observed with respect to cancer treatment. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies show that several phytochemicals potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents by exacerbating oxidative stress in cancer cells. Therefore, we reviewed multiple studies investigating the role of dietary phytochemicals such as, curcumin (turmeric), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG; green tea), resveratrol (grapes), phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), sulforaphane (cruciferous vegetables), hesperidin, quercetin and 2'-hydroxyflavanone (2HF; citrus fruits) in regulating oxidative stress and associated signaling pathways in the context of cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen Chikara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lokesh Dalasanur Nagaprashantha
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Dietary Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Protects Mice from Colitis Associated Colon Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091908. [PMID: 28878142 PMCID: PMC5618557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported alleviation of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis signs in phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC)-treated mice. Here we investigated chemoprotective activities of PEITC in mice with Azoxymethane-DSS induced colitis associated colon carcinogenesis. We also examined the molecular mediators associated with the PEITC effects using relevant cell lines. A 0.12% PEITC-enriched mouse-diet reduced mucosal and submucosal inflammation as well as glandular atypia by 12% and the frequency of adenocarcinoma by 17% with a concomitant improvement in overall disease activity indices compared to the diseased control group. Lipopolysaccharide-induced in vitro up-regulation of key mediators of inflammation, immune response, apoptosis, and cell proliferation were attenuated by 10 μM PEITC. Three of these mediators showed concentration-dependent reduction in respective mRNAs. Furthermore, PEITC inhibited Nuclear factor kappa B1 (NFκB1) proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. The NFκB1 mRNA expression inversely correlated ( r = −0.940, p = 0.013) with tri-methylation of lysine 27 on histone 3 near its promoter region in a time-dependent manner. These results indicate that PEITC may slow down the development of colon carcinogenesis in an inflammatory intestinal setting which is potentially associated with epigenetic modulation of NFκB1 signaling.
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Namani A, Li J, Wang XJ, Tang X. A Review of Compounds for Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cao M, Wang H, Guo L, Yang S, Liu C, Khor TO, Yu S, Kong AN. Dibenzoylmethane Protects Against CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury by Activating Nrf2 via JNK, AMPK, and Calcium Signaling. AAPS JOURNAL 2017; 19:1703-1714. [PMID: 28828752 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important pathogenic factor in various hepatic diseases. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), which coordinates the expression of an array of antioxidant and detoxifying genes, has been proposed as a potential target for prevention and treatment of liver disease. Dibenzoylmethane (DBM) is a minor ingredient in licorice that activates Nrf2 and prevents various cancers and oxidative damage. In the present study, the mechanisms by which DBM activates Nrf2 signaling were delineated, and its protective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury was examined. DBM potently induced the expression of HO-1 in cells and in the livers of mice, but this induction was diminished in Nrf2-deficient mice and cells. Overexpression of Nrf2 enhanced DBM-induced HO-1 expression, while overexpression of a dominant-negative fragment of Nrf2 inhibited this induction. DBM treatment resulted in dissociation from Keap1 and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. Moreover, DBM activated Akt/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and AMP-activated protein kinase and increased intracellular calcium levels. Inhibition of JNK, AMPK, or intracellular calcium signaling significantly suppressed the induction of HO-1 expression by DBM. Finally, DBM treatment significantly inhibited CCl4-induced acute liver injury in wild-type but not in Nrf2-deficient mice. Taken together, our results revealed the mechanisms by which DBM activates Nrf2 and induces HO-1 expression, and provide molecular basis for the design and development of DBM and its derivatives for prevention or treatment of liver diseases by targeting Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingnan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Room 228 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Huixia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Limei Guo
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Simin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Tin Oo Khor
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Room 228 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Siwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs; Department of Chemical Biology, Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ah-Ng Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Room 228 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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13
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Pandey MK, Gupta SC, Nabavizadeh A, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of cell signaling pathways by dietary agents for cancer prevention and treatment. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:158-181. [PMID: 28823533 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that better food habits do play important role in cancer prevention and treatment, how dietary agents mediate their effects remains poorly understood. More than thousand different polyphenols have been identified from dietary plants. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanism by which dietary agents can modulate a variety of cell-signaling pathways linked to cancer, including transcription factors, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activator protein-1 (AP-1), β-catenin/Wnt, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor- gamma (PPAR-γ), Sonic Hedgehog, and nuclear factor erythroid 2 (Nrf2); growth factors receptors (EGFR, VEGFR, IGF1-R); protein Kinases (Ras/Raf, mTOR, PI3K, Bcr-abl and AMPK); and pro-inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, interleukins, COX-2, 5-LOX). In addition, modulation of proteasome and epigenetic changes by the dietary agents also play a major role in their ability to control cancer. Both in vitro and animal based studies support the role of dietary agents in cancer. The efficacy of dietary agents by clinical trials has also been reported. Importantly, natural agents are already in clinical trials against different kinds of cancer. Overall both in vitro and in vivo studies performed with dietary agents strongly support their role in cancer prevention. Thus, the famous quote "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food" made by Hippocrates 25 centuries ago still holds good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Subash C Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ali Nabavizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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Guo Y, Su ZY, Zhang C, Gaspar JM, Wang R, Hart RP, Verzi MP, Kong ANT. Mechanisms of colitis-accelerated colon carcinogenesis and its prevention with the combination of aspirin and curcumin: Transcriptomic analysis using RNA-seq. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 135:22-34. [PMID: 28267439 PMCID: PMC5541256 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Aspirin (ASA) and curcumin (CUR) are widely investigated chemopreventive candidates for CRC. However, the precise mechanisms of their action and their combinatorial effects have not been evaluated. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of ASA, CUR, and their combination in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced colitis-accelerated colorectal cancer (CAC). We also aimed to characterize the differential gene expression profiles in AOM/DSS-induced tumors as well as in tumors modulated by ASA and CUR using RNA-seq. Diets supplemented with 0.02% ASA, 2% CUR or 0.01% ASA+1% CUR were given to mice from 1week prior to the AOM injection until the experiment was terminated 22weeks after AOM initiation. Our results showed that CUR had a superior inhibitory effect in colon tumorigenesis compared to that of ASA. The combination of ASA and CUR at a lower dose exhibited similar efficacy to that of a higher dose of CUR at 2%. RNA isolated from colonic tissue from the control group and from tumor samples from the experimental groups was subjected to RNA-seq. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that the low-dose combination of ASA and CUR modulated larger gene sets than the single treatment. These differentially expressed genes were situated in several canonical pathways important in the inflammatory network and liver metastasis in CAC. We identified a small subset of genes as potential molecular targets involved in the preventive action of the combination of ASA and CUR. Taken together, the current results provide the first evidence in support of the chemopreventive effect of a low-dose combination of ASA and CUR in CAC. Moreover, the transcriptional profile obtained in our study may provide a framework for identifying the mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis process from normal colonic tissue to tumor development as well as the cancer inhibitory effects and potential molecular targets of ASA and CUR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Guo
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zheng-Yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - John M Gaspar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Shanghai Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Shanghai 10020, China
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Michael P Verzi
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ah-Ng Tony Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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15
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Wang J, Luo B, Li X, Lu W, Yang J, Hu Y, Huang P, Wen S. Inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by a novel ROS-modulating agent with ability to eliminate stem-like cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2887. [PMID: 28640251 PMCID: PMC5520927 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a crucial role in cell signaling and cellular functions. Mounting evidences suggest that abnormal increase of ROS is often observed in cancer cells and that this biochemical feature can be exploited for selective killing of the malignant cells. A naturally occurring compound phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) has been shown to have promising anticancer activity by modulating intracellular ROS. Here we report a novel synthetic analog of PEITC with superior in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects. Mechanistic study showed that LBL21 induced a rapid depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH), leading to abnormal ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, evident by a decrease in mitochondrial respiration and transmembrane potential. Importantly, LBL21 exhibited the ability to abrogate stem cell-like cancer side population (SP) cells in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells associated with a downregulation of stem cell markers including OCT4, ABCG2, SOX2 and CD133. Functionally, LBL21 inhibited the ability of cancer cells to form colonies in vitro and develop tumor in vivo. The therapeutic efficacy of LBL21 was further demonstrated in mice bearing A549 lung cancer xenografts. Our study suggests that the novel ROS-modulating agent LBL21 has promising anticancer activity with an advantage of elimination of stem-like cancer cells. This compound merits further study to evaluate its potential for use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingling Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Lu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Hu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Luo B, Wang J, Li X, Lu W, Yang J, Hu Y, Huang P, Wen S. New Mild and Simple Approach to Isothiocyanates: A Class of Potent Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:773. [PMID: 28587167 PMCID: PMC6152774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In our current work, acetyl chloride-mediated synthesis of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) derivatives proves to be convenient and provides the expected products at good to excellent yields. Biological evaluation and structure-activity relationship analysis found that the novel compound 7 showed the best anticancer activity against human cancer cell line Panc1 and HGC27 compared with PEITC. Compounds 6 and 7 induced more apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells but less toxicity in non-cancer cells. Further biological study demonstrated that 7 substantially increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and depleted glutathione (GSH), leading to an oxidative stress to kill cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Luo
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jiankang Wang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Wenhua Lu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Jing Yang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Yumin Hu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
| | - Peng Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shijun Wen
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-Sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132 Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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17
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Kanda Y, Osaki M, Okada F. Chemopreventive Strategies for Inflammation-Related Carcinogenesis: Current Status and Future Direction. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E867. [PMID: 28422073 PMCID: PMC5412448 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A sustained and chronically-inflamed environment is characterized by the presence of heterogeneous inflammatory cellular components, including neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes and fibroblasts. These infiltrated cells produce growth stimulating mediators (inflammatory cytokines and growth factors), chemotactic factors (chemokines) and genotoxic substances (reactive oxygen species and nitrogen oxide) and induce DNA damage and methylation. Therefore, chronic inflammation serves as an intrinsic niche for carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this article, we summarize the up-to-date findings regarding definitive/possible causes and mechanisms of inflammation-related carcinogenesis derived from experimental and clinical studies. We also propose 10 strategies, as well as candidate agents for the prevention of inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kanda
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiko Osaki
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
| | - Futoshi Okada
- Division of Pathological Biochemistry, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
- Chromosome Engineering Research Center, Tottori University, Yonago, Tottori 683-8503, Japan.
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18
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Pettinari R, Petrini A, Marchetti F, Pettinari C, Riedel T, Therrien B, Dyson PJ. Arene-Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Bioactiveortho-Hydroxydibenzoylmethane Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Cytotoxicity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201601164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pettinari
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Agnese Petrini
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- School of School of Science and Technology; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Claudio Pettinari
- School of Pharmacy; University of Camerino; Via S. Agostino 1 62032 Camerino (MC) Italy
| | - Tina Riedel
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Bruno Therrien
- Institut de Chimie; Université de Neuchâtel; Avenue de Bellevaux 51 CH-2000 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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19
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Safe S, Kasiappan R. Natural Products as Mechanism-based Anticancer Agents: Sp Transcription Factors as Targets. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1723-1732. [PMID: 27384261 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring anticancer agents and their derivatives act on multiple pathways to inhibit carcinogenesis and their inhibition of migration, invasion, growth, survival, and metastasis is associated with downregulation of genes associated with these responses. Several phytochemical-derived anticancer drugs including curcumin, betulinic acid, phenethylisothiocyanate and celastrol, and many others induce reactive oxygen species, and their effects on gene regulation show some overlap in various cancer cell lines. We hypothesize that reactive oxygen species-inducing anticancer agents and many other natural products target a common pathway in cancer cells, which initially involves downregulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1), Sp3, and Sp4, which are highly expressed in tumors/cell lines derived from solid tumors. This hypothesis is supported by several published reports showing that a large number of phytochemical-derived anticancer agents downregulate Sp1, Sp3, Sp4, and pro-oncogenic Sp-regulated genes involved in cell growth (cyclin D1 and growth factor receptors), survival (bcl-2 and survivin), angiogenesis and migration (MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors), and inflammation (NF-kB). The contribution of this pathway to the anticancer activity of drugs such as curcumin, celastrol, betulinic acid, and phenethylisothiocyanate must be determined in order to optimize clinical applications of drug combinations containing these compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Safe
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA.
| | - Ravi Kasiappan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
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20
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Molecular mechanisms of Nrf2 regulation and how these influence chemical modulation for disease intervention. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 43:680-6. [PMID: 26551712 PMCID: PMC4613518 DOI: 10.1042/bst20150020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 (nuclear factor erytheroid-derived-2-like 2) transcriptional programmes are activated by a variety of cellular stress conditions to maintain cellular homoeostasis. Under non-stress conditions, Nrf2 is under tight regulation by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Detailed mechanistic investigations have shown the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-cullin3 (Cul3)-ring-box1 (Rbx1) E3-ligase to be the primary Nrf2 regulatory system. Recently, both beta-transducin repeat-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase (β-TrCP) and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase synoviolin (Hrd1) have been identified as novel E3 ubiquitin ligases that negatively regulate Nrf2 through Keap1-independent mechanisms. In addition to UPS-mediated regulation of Nrf2, investigations have revealed a cross-talk between Nrf2 and the autophagic pathway resulting in activation of Nrf2 in a non-canonical manner. In addition to regulation at the protein level, Nrf2 was recently shown to be regulated at the transcriptional level by oncogenic K-rat sarcoma (Ras). A consequence of these differential regulatory mechanisms is the dual role of Nrf2 in cancer: the canonical, protective role and the non-canonical 'dark-side' of Nrf2. Based on the protective role of Nrf2, a vast effort has been dedicated towards identifying novel chemical inducers of Nrf2 for the purpose of chemoprevention. On the other hand, upon malignant transformation, some cancer cells have a constitutively high level of Nrf2 offering a growth advantage, as well as rendering cancer cells resistant to chemotherapeutics. This discovery has led to a new paradigm in cancer treatment; the initially counterintuitive use of Nrf2 inhibitors as adjuvants in chemotherapy. Herein, we will discuss the mechanisms of Nrf2 regulation and how this detailed molecular understanding can be leveraged to develop Nrf2 modulators to prevent diseases, mitigate disease progression or overcome chemoresistance.
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21
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Latha V, Balakrishnan C, Neelakantan M. Synthesis, crystal structure and DFT studies of a dual fluorescent ketamine: Structural changes in the ground and excited states. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Ioannides C, Konsue N. A principal mechanism for the cancer chemopreventive activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate is modulation of carcinogen metabolism. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:356-73. [PMID: 26119477 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1058819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are small molecules characterized by high chemical reactivity that allows them to interact readily with cellular constituents eliciting a plethora of biological activities. They are present exclusively in cruciferous vegetables, as glucosinolates, the intake of which has been associated with cancer chemoprevention. When the physical structure of these vegetables is disturbed, e.g. during mastication, the enzyme myrosinase is released and converts the glucosinolates to isothiocyanates (R-N=C=S), where R can be aliphatic or aromatic. Although sulforaphane, an aliphatic isothiocyanate, has received most attention worldwide, the most extensively studied aromatic isothiocyanate is phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), and there are substantial differences in biological activity between the two sub-classes. In animal cancer models, PEITC effectively antagonized the carcinogenicity of chemicals, especially nitrosocompounds. A principal mechanism of their action is to protect the integrity of DNA by decreasing the levels of the genotoxic metabolites of chemical carcinogens. Extensive studies established that PEITC modulates the metabolism of the tobacco-specific carcinogenic nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) by inhibiting its cytochrome P450-mediated bioactivation. Moreover, PEITC is a potent inducer of detoxification enzymes such as quinone reductase, glutathione S-transferase and glucuronosyl transferase. PEITC is rapidly absorbed and is characterized by a large bioavailability; Cmax concentrations achieved in plasma after dietary intake are sufficient to modulate carcinogen metabolism. PEITC is primarily metabolized by glutathione conjugation and is excreted in the urine and bile as the mercapturate. The ability of PEITC to perturb carcinogen metabolism through modulation of cytochrome P450 and phase II detoxification enzymes is comprehensively and critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costas Ioannides
- a Molecular Toxicology Group, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey , Guildford, Surrey , UK and
| | - Nattaya Konsue
- b Food Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University , Chiang Rai , Thailand
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23
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Qin CZ, Zhang X, Wu LX, Wen CJ, Hu L, Lv QL, Shen DY, Zhou HH. Advances in molecular signaling mechanisms of β-phenethyl isothiocyanate antitumor effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3311-3322. [PMID: 25798652 DOI: 10.1021/jf504627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
β-Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is an important phytochemical from cruciferous vegetables and is being evaluated for chemotherapeutic activity in early phase clinical trials. Moreover, studies in cell culture and in animals found that the anticarcinogenic activities of PEITC involved all the major stages of tumor growth: initiation, promotion, and progression. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for the chemopreventive activities of this compound. Here, we focus on the major molecular signaling pathways for the anticancer activities of PEITC. These include (1) activation of apoptosis pathways; (2) induction of cell cycle arrest; and (3) inhibition of the survival pathways. Furthermore, we also discussed the regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes, including cytochrome P450s, metabolizing enzymes, and multidrug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Zhen Qin
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- §Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lan-Xiang Wu
- §Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chun-Jie Wen
- §Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lei Hu
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Qiao-Li Lv
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ya Shen
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Hao Zhou
- †Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, P. R. China
- ‡Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha 410078, P. R. China
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24
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Long M, Tao S, Rojo de la Vega M, Jiang T, Wen Q, Park SL, Zhang DD, Wondrak GT. Nrf2-dependent suppression of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon carcinogenesis by the cinnamon-derived dietary factor cinnamaldehyde. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:444-54. [PMID: 25712056 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The progressive nature of colorectal cancer and poor prognosis associated with the metastatic phase of the disease create an urgent need for the development of more efficacious strategies targeting colorectal carcinogenesis. Cumulative evidence suggests that the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2), a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant defence, represents a promising molecular target for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Recently, we have identified cinnamon, the ground bark of Cinnamomum aromaticum (cassia cinnamon) and Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon), as a rich dietary source of the Nrf2 inducer cinnamaldehyde (CA) eliciting the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response in human epithelial colon cells, conferring cytoprotection against electrophilic and genotoxic insult. Here, we have explored the molecular mechanism underlying CA-induced Nrf2 activation in colorectal epithelial cells and have examined the chemopreventive potential of CA in a murine colorectal cancer model comparing Nrf2(+/+) with Nrf2(-/-) mice. In HCT116 cells, CA caused a Keap1-C151-dependent increase in Nrf2 protein half-life via blockage of ubiquitination with upregulation of cytoprotective Nrf2 target genes and elevation of cellular glutathione. After optimizing colorectal Nrf2 activation and target gene expression by dietary CA-supplementation regimens, we demonstrated that CA suppresses AOM/DSS-induced inflammatory colon carcinogenesis with modulation of molecular markers of colorectal carcinogenesis. Dietary suppression of colorectal cancer using CA supplementation was achieved in Nrf2(+/+) but not in Nrf2(-/-) mice confirming the Nrf2 dependence of CA-induced chemopreventive effects. Taken together, our data suggest feasibility of colorectal cancer suppression by dietary CA, an FDA-approved food additive derived from the third most consumed spice in the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Long
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Endocrinology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shasha Tao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Montserrat Rojo de la Vega
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona. Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Sophia L Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
| | - Georg T Wondrak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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25
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LIAO YAFAN, TZENG YEWMIN, HUNG HUICHIH, LIU GUANGYAW. Dibenzoylmethane, hydroxydibenzoylmethane and hydroxymethyldibenzoylmethane inhibit phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate-induced breast carcinoma cell invasion. Mol Med Rep 2015; 11:4597-604. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dietary Glucosinolates Sulforaphane, Phenethyl Isothiocyanate, Indole-3-Carbinol/3,3'-Diindolylmethane: Anti-Oxidative Stress/Inflammation, Nrf2, Epigenetics/Epigenomics and In Vivo Cancer Chemopreventive Efficacy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 1:179-196. [PMID: 26457242 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-015-0017-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a group of sulfur-containing glycosides found in many plant species, including cruciferous vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, brussels sprouts, and cauliflower. Accumulating evidence increasingly supports the beneficial effects of dietary glucosinolates on overall health, including as potential anti-cancer agents, because of their role in the prevention of the initiation of carcinogenesis via the induction of cellular defense detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes and their epigenetic mechanisms, including modification of the CpG methylation of cancer-related genes, histone modification regulation and changes in the expression of miRNAs. In this context, the defense mechanism mediated by Nrf2-antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways can contribute to cellular protection against oxidative stress and reactive metabolites of carcinogens. In this review, we summarize the cancer chemopreventive role of naturally occurring glucosinolate derivatives as inhibitors of carcinogenesis, with particular emphasis on specific molecular targets and epigenetic alterations in in vitro and in vivo human cancer animal models.
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Alzheimer's disease and epigenetic diet. Neurochem Int 2014; 78:105-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Kim HY, Song JL, Chang HK, Kang SA, Park KY. Kimchi protects against azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in mice. J Med Food 2014; 17:833-41. [PMID: 25029638 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemopreventive effects of different types and quantities of kimchi prepared with different subingredients, including commercial kimchi (CK), standardized kimchi (SK), cancer-preventive kimchi (CPK), and anticancer kimchi (ACK), on colorectal carcinogenesis in mice were evaluated. The development of colon cancer was induced in male BALB/c mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM, 10 mg/kg body weight) and subsequent treatment with 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 7 days for two cycles. After exposure to AOM and DSS, treatment with the methanolic extracts from different kimchis, particularly 1.89 g/kg of ACK, significantly increased colon length, decreased the ratio of colon weight/length, and resulted in the lowest number of tumors compared with the other kimchi-treated groups. Histological observation revealed that ACK was able to suppress AOM- and DSS-induced colonic mucosal damage and neoplasia. ACK also significantly decreased the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ) as well as the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of p53 and p21 was elevated in colon tissues from the ACK-treated mice compared with the other kimchi-treated groups. Our results suggest that kimchi exerted a suppressive effect on AOM- and DSS-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in the BALB/c mice. The anticancer effects of ACK were particularly potent. Thus, it is possible that the health-promoting subingredients added to ACK might be used to prevent colon carcinogenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Young Kim
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University , Busan, South Korea
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Huang W, Tang S, Qiao X, Ma W, Ji S, Wang K, Ye M, Yu S. Isoangustone A induces apoptosis in SW480 human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells by disrupting mitochondrial functions. Fitoterapia 2014; 94:36-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Xi MY, Jia JM, Sun HP, Sun ZY, Jiang JW, Wang YJ, Zhang MY, Zhu JF, Xu LL, Jiang ZY, Xue X, Ye M, Yang X, Gao Y, Tao L, Guo XK, Xu XL, Guo QL, Zhang XJ, Hu R, You QD. 3-aroylmethylene-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4(11bH)-ones as potent Nrf2/ARE inducers in human cancer cells and AOM-DSS treated mice. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7925-38. [PMID: 24053646 DOI: 10.1021/jm400944k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2-mediated activation of ARE regulates expression of cytoprotective enzymes against oxidative stress, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. We have discovered a novel structure (1) as an ARE inducer via luciferase reporter assay to screen the in-house database of our laboratory. The potency of 1 was evaluated by the expression of NQO-1, HO-1, and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in HCT116 cells. In vivo potency of 1 was studied using AOM-DSS models, showing that the development of colorectal adenomas was significantly inhibited. Administration with 1 lowered the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation. These results indicated that 1 is a potent Nrf2/ARE activator, both in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one derivatives were synthesized for SAR study, and a more potent compound 17 was identified. To our knowledge, this is a potent ARE activator. Besides, its novel structure makes it promising for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China
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Liu Y, Chakravarty S, Dey M. Phenethylisothiocyanate alters site- and promoter-specific histone tail modifications in cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64535. [PMID: 23724058 PMCID: PMC3665791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-specific histone modifications are important epigenetic regulators of gene expression. As deregulation of genes often results in complex disorders, corrective modulation of site-specific histone marks could be a powerful therapeutic or disease-preventive strategy. However, such modulation by dietary compounds and the resulting impact on disease risk remain relatively unexplored. Here we examined phenethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), a common dietary compound derived from cruciferous vegetables with known chemopreventive properties under experimental conditions, as a possible modulator of histone modifications in human colon cancer cells. The present study reports novel, dynamic, site-specific chemical changes to histone H3 in a gene-promoter-specific manner, associated with PEITC exposure in human colon tumor-derived SW480 epithelial cells. In addition, PEITC attenuated cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, likely mediated by caspase-dependent apoptotic signalling. The effects of PEITC on histone modifications and gene expression changes were achieved at low, non-cytotoxic concentrations, in contrast to the higher concentrations necessary to halt cancer cell proliferation. Increased understanding of specific epigenetic alterations by dietary compounds may provide improved chemopreventive strategies for reducing the healthcare burden of cancer and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Health & Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Suvobrata Chakravarty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Moul Dey
- Department of Health & Nutritional Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
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Zhu J, Ghosh A, Coyle EM, Lee J, Hahm ER, Singh SV, Sarkar SN. Differential effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate and D,L-sulforaphane on TLR3 signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4400-7. [PMID: 23509350 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Naturally occurring isothiocyanates (ITCs) from cruciferous vegetables are widely studied for their cancer chemopreventive effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of ITCs on TLR signaling, and found that the two most promising ITCs, phenethyl ITCs (PEITC) and D,L-sulforaphane (SFN), have differential effects on dsRNA-mediated innate immune signaling through TLR3. PEITC preferentially inhibited TLR3-mediated IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling and downstream gene expression in vivo and in vitro, whereas SFN caused inhibition of TLR3-mediated NF-κB signaling and downstream gene expression. Mechanistically, PEITC inhibited ligand (dsRNA)-dependent dimerization of TLR3, resulting in inhibition of signaling through IFN regulatory factor 3. In contrast, SFN did not disrupt TLR3 dimerization, indicating that it affects further downstream pathway resulting in NF-κB inhibition. To examine the biological significance of these findings in the context of antitumor activities of these compounds, we used two approaches: first, we showed that dsRNA-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells via TLR3 was inhibited in the presence of PEITC, whereas this response was augmented by SFN treatment; second, in a separate assay measuring anchorage-independent growth and colony formation by immortalized fibroblasts, we made similar observations. Again in this study, PEITC antagonized dsRNA-mediated inhibition of colony formation, whereas SFN enhanced the inhibition. These results indicate biologically relevant functional differences between two structurally similar ITCs and may provide important insights in therapeutic development of these compounds targeted to specific cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zhu
- Cancer Virology Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Lee JH, Khor TO, Shu L, Su ZY, Fuentes F, Kong ANT. Dietary phytochemicals and cancer prevention: Nrf2 signaling, epigenetics, and cell death mechanisms in blocking cancer initiation and progression. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 137:153-71. [PMID: 23041058 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive metabolites from carcinogens and oxidative stress can drive genetic mutations, genomic instability, neoplastic transformation, and ultimately carcinogenesis. Numerous dietary phytochemicals in vegetables/fruits have been shown to possess cancer chemopreventive effects in both preclinical animal models and human epidemiological studies. These phytochemicals could prevent the initiation of carcinogenesis via either direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) or, more importantly, the induction of cellular defense detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes. These defense enzymes mediated by Nrf2-antioxidative stress and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways can contribute to cellular protection against ROS/RNS and reactive metabolites of carcinogens. In addition, these compounds would kill initiated/transformed cancer cells in vitro and in in vivo xenografts via diverse anti-cancer mechanisms. These mechanisms include the activation of signaling kinases (e.g., JNK), caspases and the mitochondria damage/cytochrome c pathways. Phytochemicals may also have anti-cancer effects by inhibiting the IKK/NF-κB pathway, inhibiting STAT3, and causing cell cycle arrest. In addition, other mechanisms may include epigenetic alterations (e.g., inhibition of HDACs, miRNAs, and the modification of the CpG methylation of cancer-related genes). In this review, we will discuss: the current advances in the study of Nrf2 signaling; Nrf2-deficient tumor mouse models; the epigenetic control of Nrf2 in tumorigenesis and chemoprevention; Nrf2-mediated cancer chemoprevention by naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals; and the mutation or hyper-expression of the Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway in advanced tumor cells. The future development of dietary phytochemicals for chemoprevention must integrate in vitro signaling mechanisms, relevant biomarkers of human diseases, and combinations of different phytochemicals and/or non-toxic therapeutic drugs, including NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hun Lee
- Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest-Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Wang H, Khor TO, Yang Q, Huang Y, Wu TY, Saw CLL, Lin W, Androulakis IP, Kong ANT. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of phase II drug metabolizing/antioxidant enzymes gene response by anticancer agent sulforaphane in rat lymphocytes. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2819-27. [PMID: 22931102 DOI: 10.1021/mp300130k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of Nrf2-mediated increased expression of phase II drug metabolizing enzymes (DME) and antioxidant enzymes which represents an important component of cancer chemoprevention in rat lymphocytes following intravenous (iv) administration of an anticancer phytochemical sulforaphane (SFN). SFN was administered intravenously to four groups of male Sprague-Dawley JVC rats each group comprising four animals. Blood samples were drawn at selected time points. Plasma were obtained from half of each of the blood samples and analyzed using a validated LC-MS/MS method. Lymphocytes were collected from the remaining blood samples using Ficoll-Paque Plus centrifuge medium. Lymphocyte RNAs were extracted and converted to cDNA, quantitative real-time PCR analyses were performed, and fold changes were calculated against those at time zero for the relative expression of Nrf2-target genes of phase II DME/antioxidant enzymes. PK-PD modeling was conducted based on Jusko's indirect response model (IDR) using GastroPlus and bootstrap method. SFN plasma concentration declined biexponentially and the pharmacokinetic parameters were generated. Rat lymphocyte mRNA expression levels showed no change for GSTM1, SOD, NF-κB, UGT1A1, or UGT1A6. Moderate increases (2-5-fold) over the time zero were seen for HO-1, Nrf2, and NQO1, and significant increases (>5-fold) for GSTT1, GPx1, and Maf. PK-PD analyses using GastroPlus and the bootstrap method provided reasonable fitting for the PK and PD profiles and parameter estimates. Our present study shows that SFN could induce Nrf2-mediated phase II DME/antioxidant mRNA expression for NQO1, GSTT1, Nrf2, GPx, Maf, and HO-1 in rat lymphocytes after iv administration, suggesting that Nrf2-mediated mRNA expression in lymphocytes may serve as surrogate biomarkers. The PK-PD IDR model simultaneously linking the plasma concentrations of SFN and the PD response of lymphocyte mRNA expression is valuable for quantitating Nrf2-mediated effects of SFN. This study may provide a conceptual framework for future clinical PK-PD studies of dietary cancer chemopreventive agents in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wang
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, The State University of New Jersey, 160 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Singh SV, Singh K. Cancer chemoprevention with dietary isothiocyanates mature for clinical translational research. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1833-42. [PMID: 22739026 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inverse association between dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and cancer risk observed in population-based case-control studies is partly attributable to structurally simple but mechanistically complex phytochemicals with an isothiocyanate (-N=C=S) functional group. Cancer protective role for dietary isothiocyanates (ITCs) is substantiated by preclinical studies in rodent models. A common feature of many naturally occurring ITCs relates to their ability to cause growth arrest and cell death selectively in cancer cells. At the same time, evidence continues to accumulate to suggest that even subtle change in chemical structure of the ITCs can have a profound effect on their activity and mechanism of action. Existing mechanistic paradigm stipulates that ITCs may not only prevent cancer initiation by altering carcinogen metabolism but also inhibit post-initiation cancer development by suppressing many processes relevant to tumor progression, including cellular proliferation, neoangiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and self-renewal of cancer stem cells. Moreover, the ITCs are known to suppress diverse oncogenic signaling pathways often hyperactive in human cancers (e.g. nuclear factor-κB, hormone receptors, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) to elicit cancer chemopreventive response. However, more recent studies highlight potential adverse effect of Notch activation by ITCs on their ability to inhibit migration of cancer cells. Mechanisms underlying ITC-mediated modulation of carcinogen metabolism, growth arrest, and cell death have been reviewed extensively. This article provides a perspective on bench-cage-bedside evidence supporting cancer chemopreventive role for some of the most promising ITCs. Structure-activity relationship and mechanistic complexity in the context of cancer chemoprevention with ITCs is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivendra V Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Abstract
A number of bioactive dietary components are of particular interest in the field of epigenetics. Many of these compounds display anticancer properties and may play a role in cancer prevention. Numerous studies suggest that a number of nutritional compounds have epigenetic targets in cancer cells. Importantly, emerging evidence strongly suggests that consumption of dietary agents can alter normal epigenetic states as well as reverse abnormal gene activation or silencing. Epigenetic modifications induced by bioactive dietary compounds are thought to be beneficial. Substantial evidence is mounting proclaiming that commonly consumed bioactive dietary factors act to modify the epigenome and may be incorporated into an 'epigenetic diet'. Bioactive nutritional components of an epigenetic diet may be incorporated into one's regular dietary regimen and used therapeutically for medicinal or chemopreventive purposes. This article will primarily focus on dietary factors that have been demonstrated to influence the epigenome and that may be used in conjunction with other cancer prevention and chemotherapeutic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha M Hardy
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Fimognari C, Turrini E, Ferruzzi L, Lenzi M, Hrelia P. Natural isothiocyanates: genotoxic potential versus chemoprevention. Mutat Res 2011; 750:107-131. [PMID: 22178957 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates, occurring in many dietary cruciferous vegetables, show interesting chemopreventive activities against several chronic-degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, diabetes. The electrophilic carbon residue in the isothiocyanate moiety reacts with biological nucleophiles and modification of proteins is recognized as a key mechanism underlying the biological activity of isothiocyanates. The nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 system, which orchestrates the expression of a wide array of antioxidant genes, plays a role in the protective effect of isothiocyanates against almost all the pathological conditions reported above. Recent emerging findings suggest a further common mechanism. Chronic inflammation plays a central role in many human diseases and isothiocyanates inhibit the activity of many inflammation components, suppress cyclooxygenase 2, and irreversibly inactivate the macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Due to their electrophilic reactivity, some isothiocyanates are able to form adducts with DNA and induce gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations. DNA damage has been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic-degenerative diseases of epidemiological relevance. Thus, the genotoxicity of the isothiocyanates should be carefully considered. In addition, the dose-response relationship for genotoxic compounds does not suggest evidence of a threshold. Thus, chemicals that are genotoxic pose a greater potential risk to humans than non-genotoxic compounds. Dietary consumption levels of isothiocyanates appear to be several orders of magnitude lower than the doses used in the genotoxicity studies and thus it is highly unlikely that such toxicities would occur in humans. However, the beneficial properties of isothiocyanates stimulated an increase of dietary supplements and functional foods with highly enriched isothiocyanate concentrations on the market. Whether such concentrations may exert a potential health risk cannot be excluded with certainty and an accurate evaluation of the toxicological profile of isothiocyanates should be prompted before any major increase in their consumption be recommended or their clinical use suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Fimognari
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Turrini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Ferruzzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Monia Lenzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Bologna, via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Sung B, Prasad S, Yadav VR, Aggarwal BB. Cancer cell signaling pathways targeted by spice-derived nutraceuticals. Nutr Cancer 2011; 64:173-97. [PMID: 22149093 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.630551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research within the last half a century has revealed that cancer is caused by dysregulation of as many as 500 different gene products. Most natural products target multiple gene products and thus are ideally suited for prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases, including cancer. Dietary agents such as spices have been used extensively in the Eastern world for a variety of ailments for millennia, and five centuries ago they took a golden journey to the Western world. Various spice-derived nutraceuticals, including 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, anethole, capsaicin, cardamonin, curcumin, dibenzoylmethane, diosgenin, eugenol, gambogic acid, gingerol, thymoquinone, ursolic acid, xanthohumol, and zerumbone derived from galangal, anise, red chili, black cardamom, turmeric, licorice, fenugreek, clove, kokum, ginger, black cumin, rosemary, hop, and pinecone ginger, respectively, are the focus of this review. The modulation of various transcription factors, growth factors, protein kinases, and inflammatory mediators by these spice-derived nutraceuticals are described. The anticancer potential through the modulation of various targets is also the subject of this review. Although they have always been used to improve taste and color and as a preservative, they are now also used for prevention and treatment of a wide variety of chronic inflammatory diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokyung Sung
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Rodríguez-Ramiro I, Ramos S, López-Oliva E, Agis-Torres A, Gómez-Juaristi M, Mateos R, Bravo L, Goya L, Martín MÁ. Cocoa-rich diet prevents azoxymethane-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions in rats by restraining oxidative stress and cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55:1895-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chiou YS, Tsai ML, Nagabhushanam K, Wang YJ, Wu CH, Ho CT, Pan MH. Pterostilbene is more potent than resveratrol in preventing azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis via activation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:2725-2733. [PMID: 21355597 DOI: 10.1021/jf2000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases have been a risk factor of colorectal cancer (CRC). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by inflammatory cells create oxidative stress and contribute to neoplastic transformation, proliferation, and even metastasis. Previously, resveratrol (RS) and pterostilbene (PS) had been reported to prevent chemical-induced colon carcinogenesis by anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties. In this study, we investigated whether RS and PS could prevent the azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon tumorigenesis via antioxidant action and to explore possible molecular mechanisms. Male BALB/c mice were injected with AOM (5 mg/kg of body weight) with or without RS or PS, and at the end of the protocol, all of the mice were euthanized and colons were analyzed. Administrations of PS can be more effective than RS in reducing AOM-induced formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF), lymphoid nodules (LNs), and tumors. We also find that PS is functioning more effectively than RS to reduce nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by inhibiting the phosphorylation of protein kinase C-β2 (PKC-β2) and decreasing downstream target gene expression, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and aldose reductase (AR) in mouse colon stimulated by AOM. Moreover, administration of RS and PS for 6 weeks significantly enhanced expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione reductase (GR), via activation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. When the above findings are taken together, they suggest that both stilbenes block cellular inflammation and oxidative stress through induction of HO-1 and GR, thereby preventing AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis. In comparison, PS was a more potent chemopreventive agent than RS for the prevention of colon cancer. This is also the first study to demonstrate that PS is a Nrf2 inducer and AR inhibitor in the AOM-treated colon carcinogenesis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Siou Chiou
- Department of Seafood Science, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
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Lee YM, Cho HJ, Ponnuraj SP, Kim J, Kim JS, Kim SG, Park JHY. Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammatory responses in mouse skin. J Med Food 2011; 14:377-85. [PMID: 21303260 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PITC) is the hydrolysis product of the glucosinolate gluconasturtiin in cruciferous vegetables. This study was conducted to determine whether PITC inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in the mouse ear. Topical application of 5 nmol of TPA to mouse ears markedly increased the ear weight, expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein, and phosphorylation of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) α, AKT, and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 and reduced IκBα protein levels. Pretreatment with PITC (150-450 nmol) significantly suppressed these TPA-induced inflammatory responses. We also determined whether low concentrations of PITC (0.5-5 μmol/L) inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammatory responses in Raw264.7 cells. PITC dose-dependently reduced the LPS-induced secretion of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as COX-2 and iNOS protein expression. PITC also attenuated LPS-induced increases in iNOS, COX-2, IL- 6, IL-1β, and TNF-α mRNA levels, as well as the promoter-dependent transcriptional activation of the genes for iNOS and COX-2. PITC inhibited LPS-induced IκBα phosphorylation and degradation and subsequently reduced LPS-induced p65 nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which was accompanied by a reduction in ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation. The results of this study demonstrated that PITC effectively inhibits inflammatory responses in vivo and in vitro, which may be mediated via the inhibition of AKT and ERK1/2 activation, leading to subsequent inhibition of the transcriptional activity of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Myeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Yao H, Xu W, Shi X, Zhang Z. Dietary flavonoids as cancer prevention agents. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2011; 29:1-31. [PMID: 21424974 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2011.551317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Dietary agents identified from fruits and vegetables contribute to keeping balanced cell proliferation and preventing cell carcinogenesis. Dietary flavonoids, combined with other components such as various vitamins, play an important role in cancer prevention. Flavonoids act on reactive oxygen species, cell signal transduction pathways related to cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Many studies demonstrate that flavonoids are responsible for chemoprevention, although mechanisms of action remain to be investigated. Overall, exciting data show that dietary flavonoids could be considered as a useful cancer preventive approach. This review summarizes recent advancements on potential cancer preventive effects and mechanic insight of dietary flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yao
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Abstract
Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process which could be prevented by phytochemicals. Phytochemicals from dietary plants and other plant sources such as herbs are becoming increasingly important sources of anticancer drugs or compounds for cancer chemoprevention or adjuvant chemotherapy. Phytochemicals can prevent cancer initiation, promotion, and progression by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects which are mediated by integrated Nrf2, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 signaling pathways. In addition, phytochemicals from herbal medicinal plants and/or some dietary plants developed in recent years have been shown to induce apoptosis in cancer cells and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. In advanced tumors, a series of changes involving critical signaling molecules that would drive tumor cells undergoing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and becoming invasive. In this review, we will discuss the potential molecular targets and signaling pathways that mediate tumor onset and metastasis. In addition, we will shed light on some of the phytochemicals that are capable of targeting these signaling pathways which would make them potentially applicable to cancer chemoprevention, treatment and control of cancer progression.
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Lin CC, Liu Y, Ho CT, Huang MT. Inhibitory effects of 1,3-bis-(2-substituted-phenyl)-propane-1,3-dione, β-diketone structural analogues of curcumin, on chemical-induced tumor promotion and inflammation in mouse skin. Food Funct 2010; 2:78-83. [PMID: 21773589 DOI: 10.1039/c0fo00098a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dibenzoylmethane (DBM), a β-diketone structural analogue of curcumin, has been reported to exhibit anti-tumorigenic and chemopreventive activities. Due to the structural resemblance of DBM to the anti-inflammatory curcumin and an aspirin-like skeleton of DBM derivatives, we tested the anti-inflammatory effects of DBM and its derivatives, 1,3-bis-(2-substituted-phenyl)-propane-1,3-dione, on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced tumor promotion as well as TPA- and arachidonic acid-induced mouse ear edema in skin of CD-1 mice. Topical application of 10 μmol DBM together with TPA on the back of mice previously treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[α]anthracene (DMBA) inhibited TPA-induced skin tumor promotion significantly. In addition, 1,3-bis-(2-acetoxy phenyl)-propane-1,3-dione was a superior anti-inflammatory agent to aspirin (80% of inhibition), on TPA-induced mouse ear edema and reduced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)), comparable to aspirin. Taken together, 1,3-bis-(2-acetoxyphenyl-propane-1,3-dione merits a valuable anti-inflammatory agent substituting aspirin in therapeutic treatment as well prevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chuan Lin
- Department of Food Science, China University of Science and Technology, 245 Yen-Chiu-Yuan Rd., Sec. 3, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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Chen G, Wang F, Trachootham D, Huang P. Preferential killing of cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction by natural compounds. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:614-25. [PMID: 20713185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play essential roles in cellular metabolism, redox homeostasis, and regulation of cell death. Emerging evidences suggest that cancer cells exhibit various degrees of mitochondrial dysfunctions and metabolic alterations, which may serve as a basis to develop therapeutic strategies to preferentially kill the malignant cells. Mitochondria as a therapeutic target for cancer treatment is gaining much attention in the recent years, and agents that impact mitochondria with anticancer activity have been identified and tested in vitro and in vivo using various experimental systems. Anticancer agents that directly target mitochondria or indirectly affect mitochondrial functions are collectively classified as mitocans. This review article focuses on several natural compounds that preferentially kill cancer cells with mitochondrial dysfunction, and discusses the possible underlying mechanisms and their therapeutic implications in cancer treatment. Mitocans that have been comprehensively reviewed recently are not included in this article. Important issues such as therapeutic selectivity and the relevant biochemical basis are discussed in the context of future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
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