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Hagenburg J, Savale L, Lechartier B, Ghigna MR, Chaumais MC, Jaïs X, Sitbon O, Humbert M, Montani D. Pulmonary hypertension associated with busulfan. Pulm Circ 2021; 11:20458940211030170. [PMID: 34616544 PMCID: PMC8488760 DOI: 10.1177/20458940211030170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Busulfan is widely used to treat malignant diseases, particularly for therapeutic intensification prior to an autologous stem cell graft. Numerous side effects consecutive to busulfan are described, but few descriptions of pulmonary hypertension exist, while bronchiolitis obliterans remains a rare complication. We report the clinical observations of four patients from the French Pulmonary Hypertension Registry who experienced subacute pulmonary hypertension after receiving busulfan as preparation regimen before an autologous stem cell graft for malignancies (Hodgkin's disease, Ewing's sarcoma and primary large B cell lymphoma of the brain). Patients experienced severe pulmonary arterial hypertension 2 to 4.5 months after busulfan administration. Pulmonary hypertension improved after treatment with approved drugs for pulmonary arterial hypertension and/or corticosteroids. During the follow-up period, two patients developed chronic respiratory insufficiency due to interstitial lung disease, leading to double lung transplantation. The pathological assessment of explanted lungs revealed interstitial lung fibrosis with advanced bronchiolar lesions and severe pulmonary vascular damage. Three of the four patients were still alive after 36 to 80 months and the fourth died unexpectedly and suddenly after 5 months. In conclusion, PAH is a rare but severe complication associated with busulfan chemotherapy in adults. Histological examinations provide evidence for diffuse pulmonary vascular damage combined with interstitial lung injury in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Hagenburg
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Savale
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Benoit Lechartier
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Maria-Rosa Ghigna
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - Marie-Camille Chaumais
- Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Xavier Jaïs
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Olivier Sitbon
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, School of Medicine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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2
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Zhao L, Cao X, Li L, Wang Q, Zhou S, Xu N, Jiang S, Chen L, Schmidt MO, Wei Q, Zhao J, Labes R, Patzak A, Wilcox CS, Fu X, Wellstein A, Lai EY. Acute Kidney Injury Sensitizes the Brain Vasculature to Ang II (Angiotensin II) Constriction via FGFBP1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding Protein 1). Hypertension 2020; 76:1924-1934. [PMID: 33040621 PMCID: PMC9112323 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes multiple organ dysfunction. Here, we identify a possible mechanism that can drive brain vessel injury after AKI. We induced 30-minute bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in C57Bl/6 mice and isolated brain microvessels and macrovessels 24 hours or 1 week later to test their responses to vasoconstrictors and found that after AKI brain vessels were sensitized to Ang II (angiotensin II). Upregulation of FGF2 (fibroblast growth factor 2) and FGFBP1 (FGF binding protein 1) expression in both serum and kidney tissue after AKI suggested a potential contribution to the vascular sensitization. Administration of FGF2 and FGFBP1 proteins to isolated healthy brain vessels mimicked the sensitization to Ang II after AKI. Brain vessels in Fgfbp1-/- AKI mice failed to induce Ang II sensitization. Complementary to this, systemic treatment with the clinically used FGF receptor kinase inhibitor BGJ398 (Infigratinib) reversed the AKI-induced brain vascular sensitization to Ang II. All these findings lead to the conclusion that FGFBP1 is especially necessary for AKI-mediated brain vascular sensitization to Ang II and inhibitors of FGFR pathway may be beneficial in preventing AKI-induced brain vessel injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Xiaoyun Cao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lingli Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Suhan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Limeng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Marcel O. Schmidt
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Qichun Wei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Robert Labes
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Andreas Patzak
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Christopher S. Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511518, China
| | - Anton Wellstein
- Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - En Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin 10117, Germany
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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3
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Duddu S, Chakrabarti R, Ghosh A, Shukla PC. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transcription Factors in Cardiovascular Pathology. Front Genet 2020; 11:588602. [PMID: 33193725 PMCID: PMC7596349 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.588602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors as multifaceted modulators of gene expression that play a central role in cell proliferation, differentiation, lineage commitment, and disease progression. They interact among themselves and create complex spatiotemporal gene regulatory networks that modulate hematopoiesis, cardiogenesis, and conditional differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells into cells of cardiovascular lineage. Additionally, bone marrow-derived stem cells potentially contribute to the cardiovascular cell population and have shown potential as a therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms are currently debatable. This review focuses on some key transcription factors and associated epigenetic modifications that modulate the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and cardiac progenitor cells. In addition to this, we aim to summarize different potential clinical therapeutic approaches in cardiac regeneration therapy and recent discoveries in stem cell-based transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Praphulla Chandra Shukla
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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4
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Cheng N, Liu C, Li Y, Gao S, Han YC, Wang X, Du J, Zhang C. MicroRNA-223-3p promotes skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating inflammation in mice. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10212-10223. [PMID: 32493731 PMCID: PMC7383371 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
After injury, the coordinated balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in the microenvironment contribute to skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating this balance remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in inflammation and muscle regeneration. miRNA-Seq transcriptome analysis of mouse skeletal muscle revealed that miR-223-3p is upregulated in the early stage of muscle regeneration after injury. miR-223-3p knockout resulted in increased inflammation, impaired muscle regeneration, and increased interstitial fibrosis. Mechanistically, we found that myeloid-derived miR-223-3p suppresses the target gene interleukin-6 (Il6), associated with the maintenance of the proinflammatory macrophage phenotype during injury. Administration of IL-6-neutralizing antibody in miR-223-3p-knockout muscle could rescue the impaired regeneration ability and reduce the fibrosis. Together, our results reveal that miR-223-3p improves muscle regeneration by regulating inflammation, indicating that miRNAs can participate in skeletal muscle regeneration by controlling the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors in the skeletal muscle microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixuan Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shijuan Gao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Han
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.,Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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5
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Nobuta H, Katagi M, Kume S, Terashima T, Araki SI, Maegawa H, Kojima H, Nakagawa T. A role for bone marrow-derived cells in diabetic nephropathy. FASEB J 2018; 33:4067-4076. [PMID: 30496699 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801825r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus causes systemic disorders. We previously demonstrated that diabetic condition forced bone marrow-derived cells (BMDCs) to express TNF-α, leading to the development of diabetic neuropathy in mice. Here, we hypothesized that these abnormal BMDCs are also involved in diabetic nephropathy. To test our hypothesis, mice were irradiated to receive total bone marrow (BM) from the transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein before diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. Confocal microscopy showed that the diabetic glomerulus had more BMDCs compared with the nondiabetic glomerulus. Most of these cells exhibited endothelial phenotypes, being negative for several markers, including podocin (a maker of podocyte), α8 integrin (mesangial cell), CD68, and F4/80 (macrophage). Next, the total BM of diabetic mice was transplanted into nondiabetic mice to examine if diabetic BM per se could cause glomerular injury. The recipient mice exhibiting normal glycemia developed albuminuria and mesangial expansion with an increase in capillary area. The number of BMDCs increased in the glomerulus of the recipient mice. These cells were found to exhibit the endothelial phenotype and to express TNF-α. These data suggest that diabetic BMDCs per se could initiate glomerular disease. Finally, eNOS knockout mice were used to examine if residential endothelial injury could attract BMDCs into the glomerulus. However, endothelial dysfunction due to eNOS deficiency failed to attract BMDCs into the glomerulus. In summary, BMDCs may be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy.-Nobuta, H., Katagi, M., Kume, S., Terashima, T., Araki, S., Maegawa, H., Kojima, H., Nakagawa, T. A role for bone marrow-derived cells in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nobuta
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Miwako Katagi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Shinji Kume
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Shin-Ichi Araki
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Department of Future Basic Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
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6
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Basile DP, Collett JA, Yoder MC. Endothelial colony-forming cells and pro-angiogenic cells: clarifying definitions and their potential role in mitigating acute kidney injury. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222:10.1111/apha.12914. [PMID: 28656611 PMCID: PMC5745310 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a significant clinical concern that is associated with high mortality rates and also represents a significant risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This article will consider alterations in renal endothelial function in the setting of AKI that may underlie impairment in renal perfusion and how inefficient vascular repair may manifest post-AKI and contribute to the potential transition to CKD. We provide updated terminology for cells previously classified as 'endothelial progenitor' that may mediate vascular repair such as pro-angiogenic cells and endothelial colony-forming cells. We consider how endothelial repair may be mediated by these different cell types following vascular injury, particularly in models of AKI. We further summarize the potential ability of these different cells to mitigate the severity of AKI, improve perfusion and maintain vascular structure in pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P. Basile
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Jason A. Collett
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine
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7
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Hickmann L, Steglich A, Gerlach M, Al-Mekhlafi M, Sradnick J, Lachmann P, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA, Hohenstein B, Hugo C, Todorov VT. Persistent and inducible neogenesis repopulates progenitor renin lineage cells in the kidney. Kidney Int 2017; 92:1419-1432. [PMID: 28688581 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Renin lineage cells (RLCs) serve as a progenitor cell reservoir during nephrogenesis and after renal injury. The maintenance mechanisms of the RLC pool are still poorly understood. Since RLCs were also identified as a progenitor cell population in bone marrow we first considered that these may be their source in the kidney. However, transplantation experiments in adult mice demonstrated that bone marrow-derived cells do not give rise to RLCs in the kidney indicating their non-hematopoietic origin. Therefore we tested whether RLCs develop in the kidney through neogenesis (de novo differentiation) from cells that have never expressed renin before. We used a murine model to track neogenesis of RLCs by flow cytometry, histochemistry, and intravital kidney imaging. During nephrogenesis RLCs first appear at e14, form a distinct population at e16, and expand to reach a steady state level of 8-10% of all kidney cells in adulthood. De novo differentiated RLCs persist as a clearly detectable population through embryogenesis until at least eight months after birth. Pharmacologic stimulation of renin production with enalapril or glomerular injury induced the rate of RLC neogenesis in the adult mouse kidney by 14% or more than three-fold, respectively. Thus, the renal RLC niche is constantly filled by local de novo differentiation. This process could be stimulated consequently representing a new potential target to beneficially influence repair and regeneration after kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hickmann
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Steglich
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gerlach
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moath Al-Mekhlafi
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Sradnick
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Lachmann
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Bernd Hohenstein
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Experimental Nephrology and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Park SS, Moisseiev E, Bauer G, Anderson JD, Grant MB, Zam A, Zawadzki RJ, Werner JS, Nolta JA. Advances in bone marrow stem cell therapy for retinal dysfunction. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 56:148-165. [PMID: 27784628 PMCID: PMC5237620 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The most common cause of untreatable vision loss is dysfunction of the retina. Conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma remain leading causes of untreatable blindness worldwide. Various stem cell approaches are being explored for treatment of retinal regeneration. The rationale for using bone marrow stem cells to treat retinal dysfunction is based on preclinical evidence showing that bone marrow stem cells can rescue degenerating and ischemic retina. These stem cells have primarily paracrine trophic effects although some cells can directly incorporate into damaged tissue. Since the paracrine trophic effects can have regenerative effects on multiple cells in the retina, the use of this cell therapy is not limited to a particular retinal condition. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells are being explored in early clinical trials as therapy for various retinal conditions. These bone marrow stem cells include mesenchymal stem cells, mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells. Autologous therapy requires no systemic immunosuppression or donor matching. Intravitreal delivery of CD34+ cells and mononuclear cells appears to be tolerated and is being explored since some of these cells can home into the damaged retina after intravitreal administration. The safety of intravitreal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells has not been well established. This review provides an update of the current evidence in support of the use of bone marrow stem cells as treatment for retinal dysfunction. The potential limitations and complications of using certain forms of bone marrow stem cells as therapy are discussed. Future directions of research include methods to optimize the therapeutic potential of these stem cells, non-cellular alternatives using extracellular vesicles, and in vivo high-resolution retinal imaging to detect cellular changes in the retina following cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Elad Moisseiev
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Azhar Zam
- UC Davis RISE Eye-Pod Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; UC Davis RISE Eye-Pod Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - John S Werner
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Patel J, Donovan P, Khosrotehrani K. Concise Review: Functional Definition of Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Molecular Perspective. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:1302-1306. [PMID: 27381992 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
: Since the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) almost 2 decades ago, there has been great hope in their use in treating chronic ischemic disease. Unfortunately, to date, many of the clinical trials using EPCs have been hampered by the lack of clear definition of this cell population. Attributes of a progenitor population are self-renewal and multipotentiality. Major progress has been achieved moving from a definition of EPCs based on a candidate cell surface molecule to a functional definition based essentially on self-renewal hierarchy of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). More recent work has seized on this functional characterization to associate gene expression signatures with the self-renewal capacity of ECFCs. In particular, Notch signaling driving the quiescence of progenitors has been shown to be central to progenitor self-renewal. This new molecular definition has tremendous translational consequences, because progenitors have been shown to display greater vasculogenic potential. Also, this molecular definition of EPC self-renewal allows assessment of the quality of presumed EPC preparations. This promises to be the initial stage in progressing EPCs further into mainstream clinical use. SIGNIFICANCE The development of a therapy using endothelial progenitor cells provides great hope for patients in treating cardiovascular diseases going forward. For continual development of this therapy toward the clinical, further understanding of the fundamental biology of these cells is required. This will enable a greater understanding of their stemness capacity and provide insight into their ability to differentiate and drive tissue regeneration when injected into a host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Patel
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Prudence Donovan
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Endothelial Repair and Regeneration Following Intimal Injury. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:91-101. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Sradnick J, Rong S, Luedemann A, Parmentier SP, Bartaun C, Todorov VT, Gueler F, Hugo CP, Hohenstein B. Extrarenal Progenitor Cells Do Not Contribute to Renal Endothelial Repair. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1714-26. [PMID: 26453608 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) may be relevant contributors to endothelial cell (EC) repair in various organ systems. In this study, we investigated the potential role of EPCs in renal EC repair. We analyzed the major EPC subtypes in murine kidneys, blood, and spleens after induction of selective EC injury using the concanavalin A/anti-concanavalin A model and after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury as well as the potential of extrarenal cells to substitute for injured local EC. Bone marrow transplantation (BMTx), kidney transplantation, or a combination of both were performed before EC injury to allow distinction of extrarenal or BM-derived cells from intrinsic renal cells. During endothelial regeneration, cells expressing markers of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) were the most abundant EPC subtype in kidneys, but were not detected in blood or spleen. Few cells expressing markers of EC colony-forming units (EC-CFUs) were detected. In BM chimeric mice (C57BL/6 with tandem dimer Tomato-positive [tdT+] BM cells), circulating and splenic EC-CFUs were BM-derived (tdT+), whereas cells positive for ECFC markers in kidneys were not. Indeed, most BM-derived tdT+ cells in injured kidneys were inflammatory cells. Kidneys from C57BL/6 donors transplanted into tdT+ recipients with or without prior BMTx from C57BL/6 mice were negative for BM-derived or extrarenal ECFCs. Overall, extrarenal cells did not substitute for any intrinsic ECs. These results demonstrate that endothelial repair in mouse kidneys with acute endothelial lesions depends exclusively on local mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sradnick
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Song Rong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anika Luedemann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Simon P Parmentier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Christoph Bartaun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian P Hugo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
| | - Bernd Hohenstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; and
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12
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Abstract
The vasculature plays an indispensible role in organ development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, such that disturbances to it impact greatly on developmental and postnatal health. Although cell turnover in healthy blood vessels is low, it increases considerably under pathological conditions. The principle sources for this phenomenon have long been considered to be the recruitment of cells from the peripheral circulation and the re-entry of mature cells in the vessel wall back into cell cycle. However, recent discoveries have also uncovered the presence of a range of multipotent and lineage-restricted progenitor cells in the mural layers of postnatal blood vessels, possessing high proliferative capacity and potential to generate endothelial, smooth muscle, hematopoietic or mesenchymal cell progeny. In particular, the tunica adventitia has emerged as a progenitor-rich compartment with niche-like characteristics that support and regulate vascular wall progenitor cells. Preliminary data indicate the involvement of some of these vascular wall progenitor cells in vascular disease states, adding weight to the notion that the adventitia is integral to vascular wall pathogenesis, and raising potential implications for clinical therapies. This review discusses the current body of evidence for the existence of vascular wall progenitor cell subpopulations from development to adulthood and addresses the gains made and significant challenges that lie ahead in trying to accurately delineate their identities, origins, regulatory pathways, and relevance to normal vascular structure and function, as well as disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine (R.D.S.)
| | - Robert D Simari
- From the Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Heart Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia (P.J.P.); Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia (P.J.P.); and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine (R.D.S.).
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13
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Biological effects of anti-CD34-coated ePTFE vascular grafts. Early in vivo experimental results. POLISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2014; 11:182-90. [PMID: 26335112 PMCID: PMC4283864 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2014.43848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the study To assess the biological activity of anti-CD34 antibody-coated ePTFE vascular prostheses. Material and methods Indium111-labeled autologous thrombocytes were administered to 5 anesthetized pigs after the placement of femoral arterial and venous catheters. An arterio-venous fistula, created by the random interposition of 4 different ePTFE grafts (A = dry control, B = dry anti-CD34, C = wet control, D = wet anti-CD34), was blood perfused for 0, 10, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Radioactivity of each graft was measured and expressed in cpm/mg. Morphological studies were performed to assess intraluminal deposition. Results The median radioactivity of graft B was significantly higher than that of graft A after 60 min (1074 vs. 18; p = 0.021) and 120 min (1990 vs. 25; p = 0.043) of perfusion. Similarly, graft D was significantly more active than graft C (60 min: 1388 vs. 26; p = 0.021 and 120 min: 2780 vs. 23; p = 0.021). Histological and SEM results confirmed the radio-labeling in-vivo studies by showing significantly more protein/cell and platelet depositions (p = 0.012). Conclusions Anti-CD34-coated ePTFE grafts bound significantly more platelets/cells and proteins than their uncoated counterparts, confirming the bioactivity of the antibody. This process is time-dependent and matches the morphological results. The anti-CD34 coating may enhance temporal and spatial endothelialization of vascular grafts and, thus, possibly improve clinical results by providing direct endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) adhesion/entrapment or by creating a biocompatible protein-thrombocyte/cell layer that indirectly enhances migration and further proliferation of EPCs.
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Abstract
Discovered more than 15 years ago, endothelial progenitor cells attract both basic and translational researchers. It has become clear that they represent a heterogeneous population of endothelial colony-forming cells, early or late outgrowth endothelial cells, or blood outgrowth endothelial cells, each characterized by differing proliferative and regenerative capacity. Scattered within the vascular wall, these cells participate in angiogenesis and vasculogenesis and support regeneration of epithelial cells. There is growing evidence that this cell population is impaired during the course of chronic cardiovascular and kidney disease when it undergoes premature senescence and loss of specialized functions. Senescence-associated secretory products released by such cells can affect the neighboring cells and further exacerbate their regenerative capacity. For these reasons, adoptive transfer of endothelial progenitor cells is being used in more than 150 ongoing clinical trials of diverse cardiovascular diseases. Attempts to rejuvenate this cell population either ex vivo or in situ are emerging. The progress in this field is paramount to regenerate the injured kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Goligorsky
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, and Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY.
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15
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CCR2+ Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocyte recruitment exacerbates acute disability following intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosci 2014; 34:3901-9. [PMID: 24623768 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4070-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating type of stroke that lacks a specific treatment. An intense immune response develops after ICH, which contributes to neuronal injury, disability, and death. However, the specific mediators of inflammation-induced injury remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to determine whether blood-derived CCR2+ Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes contribute to disability. ICH was induced in mice and the resulting inflammatory response was quantified using flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and neurobehavioral testing. Importantly, blood-derived monocytes were distinguished from resident microglia by differential CD45 staining and by using bone marrow chimeras with fluorescent leukocytes. After ICH, blood-derived CCR2+ Ly6C(hi) inflammatory monocytes trafficked into the brain, outnumbered other leukocytes, and produced tumor necrosis factor. Ccr2(-/-) mice, which have few circulating inflammatory monocytes, exhibited better motor function following ICH than control mice. Chimeric mice with wild-type CNS cells and Ccr2(-/-) hematopoietic cells also exhibited early improvement in motor function, as did wild-type mice after inflammatory monocyte depletion. These findings suggest that blood-derived inflammatory monocytes contribute to acute neurological disability. To determine the translational relevance of our experimental findings, we examined CCL2, the principle ligand for the CCR2 receptor, in ICH patients. Serum samples from 85 patients were collected prospectively at two hospitals. In patients, higher CCL2 levels at 24 h were independently associated with poor functional outcome at day 7 after adjusting for potential confounding variables. Together, these findings suggest that inflammatory monocytes worsen early disability after murine ICH and may represent a therapeutic target for patients.
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Peritubular capillary rarefaction: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2014; 29:333-42. [PMID: 23475077 PMCID: PMC3726573 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-013-2430-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has reached worldwide epidemic proportions and desperately needs new therapies. Peritubular capillary (PTC) rarefaction, together with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, is one of the major hallmarks of CKD and predicts renal outcome in patients with CKD. PTC endothelial cells (ECs) undergo apoptosis during CKD, leading to capillary loss, tissue hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Although the mechanisms of PTC rarefaction are not well understood, the process of PTC rarefaction depends on multiple events that occur during CKD. These events, which lead to an antiangiogenic environment, include deprivation of EC survival factors, increased production of vascular growth inhibitors, malfunction of ECs, dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells, and loss of EC integrity via pericyte detachment from the vasculature. In this review, we focus on major factors regulating angiogenesis and EC survival and describe the roles of these factors in PTC rarefaction during CKD and possible therapeutic applications.
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Schirutschke H, Vogelbacher R, Stief A, Parmentier S, Daniel C, Hugo C. Injured kidney endothelium is only marginally repopulated by cells of extrarenal origin. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F1042-52. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00653.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of bone marrow marrow-derived cells after kidney endothelial injury is controversial. In this study, we investigated if and to what extent extrarenal cells incorporate into kidney endothelium after acute as well as during chronic endothelial injury. Fischer F-344 wt (wild type) rat kidney grafts were transplanted into R26- hPAP (human placental alkaline phosphatase) transgenic Fischer F-344 recipient rats to allow identification of extrarenal cells by specific antibody staining. A severe model of renal thrombotic microangiopathy was induced via graft perfusion with antiglomerular endothelial cell (GEN) antibody and resulted in eradication of 85% of the glomerular and 69% of the peritubular endothelium (GEN group). At week 4 after injury, renal endothelial healing as well as recovery of the kidney function was seen. Endothelial chimerism was evaluated by double staining for hPAP and endothelial markers RECA-1 or JG-12. Just 0.25% of the glomerular and 0.1% of the peritubular endothelium was recipient derived. In a second experiment, chronic endothelial injury was induced by combination of kidney transplantation with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx group). After 14 wk, only 0.86% of the peritubular and 0.05% of the glomerular endothelium was of recipient origin. In summary, despite demonstration of extensive damage and loss as well as excellent regeneration, just a minority of extrarenal cells were incorporated into kidney endothelium in rat models of acute and chronic renal endothelial cell injury. Our results highlight that kidney endothelial regeneration after specific and severe injury is almost exclusively of renal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Schirutschke
- Technische Universitaet Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dresden, Germany
| | - Regina Vogelbacher
- University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Andrea Stief
- University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Division of Nephropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simon Parmentier
- Technische Universitaet Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Division of Nephropathology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Technische Universitaet Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Dresden, Germany
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Goligorsky MS, Salven P. Concise review: endothelial stem and progenitor cells and their habitats. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:499-504. [PMID: 23761107 PMCID: PMC3697817 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies on the stem cell origins of regenerating tissues have provided solid evidence in support of the role of the resident cells, rather than bone marrow-derived or transplanted stem cells, in restoring tissue architecture after an injury. This is also true for endothelial stem and progenitor cells: local pools exist in the vascular wall, and those cells are the primary drivers of vascular regeneration. This paradigm shift offers an opportunity to rethink and refine our understanding of the multiple therapeutic effects of transplanted endothelial progenitor cells, focusing on their secretome, sheddome, intercellular communicational routes, and other potential ways to rejuvenate and replenish the pool of resident cells. The dynamics of vascular wall resident cells, at least in the adipose tissue, may shed light on the origins of other cells present in the vascular wall-pericytes and mesenchymal stem cells. The fate of these cells in aging and disease awaits elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Goligorsky
- Departments of Medicine
- Pharmacology, and
- Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, USA
| | - Petri Salven
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Wood KC, Cortese-Krott MM, Kovacic JC, Noguchi A, Liu VB, Wang X, Raghavachari N, Boehm M, Kato GJ, Kelm M, Gladwin MT. Circulating blood endothelial nitric oxide synthase contributes to the regulation of systemic blood pressure and nitrite homeostasis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1861-71. [PMID: 23702660 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.301068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mice genetically deficient in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS(-/-)) are hypertensive with lower circulating nitrite levels, indicating the importance of constitutively produced nitric oxide (NO•) to blood pressure regulation and vascular homeostasis. Although the current paradigm holds that this bioactivity derives specifically from the expression of eNOS in endothelium, circulating blood cells also express eNOS protein. A functional red cell eNOS that modulates vascular NO• signaling has been proposed. APPROACH AND RESULTS To test the hypothesis that blood cells contribute to mammalian blood pressure regulation via eNOS-dependent NO• generation, we cross-transplanted wild-type and eNOS(-/-) mice, producing chimeras competent or deficient for eNOS expression in circulating blood cells. Surprisingly, we observed a significant contribution of both endothelial and circulating blood cell eNOS to blood pressure and systemic nitrite levels, the latter being a major component of the circulating NO• reservoir. These effects were abolished by the NOS inhibitor L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester and repristinated by the NOS substrate L-arginine and were independent of platelet or leukocyte depletion. Mouse erythrocytes were also found to carry an eNOS protein and convert (14)C-arginine into (14)C-citrulline in NOS-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS These are the first studies to definitively establish a role for a blood-borne eNOS, using cross-transplant chimera models, that contributes to the regulation of blood pressure and nitrite homeostasis. This work provides evidence suggesting that erythrocyte eNOS may mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C Wood
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Rafat N, Tönshoff B, Bierhaus A, Beck GC. Endothelial progenitor cells in regeneration after acute lung injury: do they play a role? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:399-405. [PMID: 23103996 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0132tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are common disorders in patients requiring critical care. The clinical management of these disorders is difficult and unrewarding, and thus they are among the most common causes of death in intensive care units. The activation and damage of pulmonary endothelium comprise the hallmark of ALI/ARDS. Therefore, the recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to these lesions may exert a beneficial effect on the clinical course of ALI/ARDS. Consequently, cell-based therapies using stem cells to regenerate lung tissue have emerged as potential novel treatment strategies. Although initial studies suggested implantations of exogenously administered bone marrow-derived progenitor cells into damaged vessel walls, recent evidence indicates that this is rather a rare occurrence with uncertain physiologic significance. In the past few years, different populations of progenitor cells were identified, with different functional capacities. This review (1) highlights the different populations of EPCs identified or administered in different models of ALI/ARDS, (2) reports on whether beneficial effects of EPCs could be demonstrated, and (3) puts the conflicting results of different studies into perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neysan Rafat
- Department of Pediatrics I, University Children's Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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21
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Li ZF, Fang XG, Yang PF, Huang QH, Zhao WY, Liang C, Zhao R, Liu JM. Endothelial progenitor cells contribute to neointima formation in rabbit elastase-induced aneurysm after flow diverter treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 19:352-7. [PMID: 23528070 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are involved in vascular repair and homeostasis after vascular injuries. In this study, we aimed to explore whether bone marrow (BM)-derived EPCs contribute to neointima formation and reendothelialization in rabbit elastase-induced aneurysm after flow diverter treatment. METHODS Elastase-induced aneurysms were created in New Zealand male rabbits. Three weeks after model creation, flow diverter was implanted to cover the induced aneurysm neck. Autologous EPCs were isolated from bone marrow, expanded ex vivo, double labeled with Hoechst 33,342 and CFSE(carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester), and transplanted transvenously into the rabbits. The rabbits were assigned into three groups. The first group received autologous transfusion of double-labeled EPCs from the first day after stent implantation, and the second group received transfusion from the fifteenth day. The autologous transfusion was given at a 3-day interval and continued for 2 weeks. Fluorescence-labeled cells were tracked under fluorescence microscope at the aneurysm neck and parent artery in the two groups. The third group was established as control group without EPCs transplantation. Scanning electron microscope was used to investigate the reendothelialization rate between the former two groups and the control group. RESULTS In the first group, double-positive EPCs were found in 3/5 rabbits and mainly located in the subendothelial space and around the stent struts. In the second group, double-positive EPCs were found in 2/5 rabbits and mainly located on the surface of neointima. More endothelial-like cells were observed on the neointima of aneurysm neck and stented parent artery in the groups with EPCs transplantation than control group without EPCs transplantation, but the difference on the number of these cells did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS BM-derived EPCs participate in neointima formation and reendothelialization in elastase-induced aneurysm after flow diverter treatment. The EPCs may differentiate into different cell types according to the stages of neointima formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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22
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Yoder MC. Endothelial progenitor cell: a blood cell by many other names may serve similar functions. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 91:285-95. [PMID: 23371317 PMCID: PMC3704045 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first reports of circulating cells that displayed the capacity to repair and regenerate damaged vascular endothelial cells as progenitor cells for the endothelial lineage (EPC) were met with great enthusiasm. However, the cell surface antigens and colony assays used to identify the putative EPC were soon found to overlap with those of the hematopoietic lineage. Over the past decade, it has become clear that specific hematopoietic subsets play important roles in vascular repair and regeneration. This review will provide some overview of the hematopoietic hierarchy and methods to segregate distinct subsets that may provide clarity in identifying the proangiogenic hematopoietic cells. This review will not discuss those circulating viable endothelial cells that play a role as EPC and are called endothelia colony-forming cells. The review will conclude with identification of some roadblocks to progress in the field of identification of circulating cells that participate in vascular repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervin C Yoder
- Hermann B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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23
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Generation of functional blood vessels from a single c-kit+ adult vascular endothelial stem cell. PLoS Biol 2012; 10:e1001407. [PMID: 23091420 PMCID: PMC3473016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult vascular endothelial stem cells are shown to reside in the blood vessel wall endothelium. When isolated, these cells are capable of clonal expansion and generate functional blood vessels in vivo. In adults, the growth of blood vessels, a process known as angiogenesis, is essential for organ growth and repair. In many disorders including cancer, angiogenesis becomes excessive. The cellular origin of new vascular endothelial cells (ECs) during blood vessel growth in angiogenic situations has remained unknown. Here, we provide evidence for adult vascular endothelial stem cells (VESCs) that reside in the blood vessel wall endothelium. VESCs constitute a small subpopulation within CD117+ (c-kit+) ECs capable of undergoing clonal expansion while other ECs have a very limited proliferative capacity. Isolated VESCs can produce tens of millions of endothelial daughter cells in vitro. A single transplanted c-kit-expressing VESC by the phenotype lin−CD31+CD105+Sca1+CD117+ can generate in vivo functional blood vessels that connect to host circulation. VESCs also have long-term self-renewal capacity, a defining functional property of adult stem cells. To provide functional verification on the role of c-kit in VESCs, we show that a genetic deficit in endothelial c-kit expression markedly decreases total colony-forming VESCs. In vivo, c-kit expression deficit resulted in impaired EC proliferation and angiogenesis and retardation of tumor growth. Isolated VESCs could be used in cell-based therapies for cardiovascular repair to restore tissue vascularization after ischemic events. VESCs also provide a novel cellular target to block pathological angiogenesis and cancer growth. Angiogenesis—the growth of blood vessels—is essential for organ growth and repair, but also occurs during tumorigenesis and in certain inflammatory disorders. All blood vessels are lined by endothelial cells (ECs)—thin, flattened cells that form a continuous monolayer throughout the entire circulatory system. The cellular origin of new vascular ECs during blood vessel growth in angiogenic situations in adults is a matter of debate. New ECs could develop, in principle, from as yet undiscovered stem cells, as is well documented for the differentiated cells of skin or epithelia, or by the duplication of existing differentiated ECs. Here, we provide evidence for the existence of vascular endothelial stem cells (VESCs) that reside in the adult blood vessel wall endothelium. VESCs constitute a small subpopulation of ECs capable of clonal expansion, while other ECs have a very limited proliferative capacity. When isolated, these VESCs can produce tens of millions of endothelial daughter cells, and a single transplanted VESC can generate in vivo functional blood vessels that connect to host blood circulation. Isolated VESCs could be used in cell-based therapies for cardiovascular repair to restore tissue vascularization following ischemia and could also be pursued as a novel cellular target of inhibition to block pathological angiogenesis, for example during tumor growth.
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Liang J, Huang W, Yu X, Ashraf A, Wary KK, Xu M, Millard RW, Ashraf M, Wang Y. Suicide gene reveals the myocardial neovascularization role of mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing CXCR4 (MSC(CXCR4)). PLoS One 2012; 7:e46158. [PMID: 23029422 PMCID: PMC3460871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous studies indicated that MSCCXCR4 improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). This study was aimed to investigate the specific role of MSCCXCR4 in neovascularization of infarcted myocardium using a suicide gene approach. Methods MSCs were transduced with either lentivirus-null vector/GFP (MSCNull as control) or vector encoding for overexpressing CXCR4/GFP. The MSC derived-endothelial cell (EC) differentiation was assessed by a tube formation assay, Dil-ac-LDL uptake, EC marker expression, and VE-cadherin promoter activity assay. Gene expression was analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR or Western blot. The suicide gene approach was under the control of VE-cadherin promoter. In vivo studies: Cell patches containing MSCNull or MSCCXCR4 were transduced with suicide gene and implanted into the myocardium of MI rat. Rats received either ganciclovir (GCV) or vehicle after cell implantation. After one month, the cardiac functional changes and neovascularization were assessed by echocardiography, histological analysis, and micro-CT imaging. Results The expression of VEGF-A and HIF-1α was significantly higher in MSCCXCR4 as compared to MSCNull under hypoxia. Additionally, MSCCXCR4 enhanced new vessel formation and EC differentiation, as well as STAT3 phosphorylation under hypoxia. STAT3 participated in the transcription of VE-cadherin in MSCCXCR4 under hypoxia, which was inhibited by WP1066 (a STAT3 inhibitor). In addition, GCV specifically induced death of ECs with suicide gene activation. In vivo studies: MSCCXCR4 implantation promoted cardiac functional restoration, reduced infarct size, improved cardiac remodeling, and enhanced neovascularization in ischemic heart tissue. New vessels derived from MSCCXCR4 were observed at the injured heart margins and communicated with native coronary arteries. However, the derived vessel networks were reduced by GCV, reversing improvement of cardiac function. Conclusion The transplanted MSCCXCR4 enhanced neovascularization after MI by boosting release of angiogenic factors and increasing the potential of endothelial differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Genes, Transgenic, Suicide
- Genetic Vectors
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Phosphorylation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/genetics
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiang Liang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
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25
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Abstract
Erythropoietin (Epo) is an essential hormone that binds and activates the Epo receptor (EpoR) resident on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells, thereby promoting erythropoiesis. Recombinant human erythropoietin has been used successfully for over 20 years to treat anemia in millions of patients. In addition to erythropoiesis, Epo has also been reported to have other effects, such as tissue protection and promotion of tumor cell growth or survival. This became of significant concern in 2003, when some clinical trials in cancer patients reported increased tumor progression and worse survival outcomes in patients treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). One of the potential mechanisms proffered to explain the observed safety issues was that functional EpoR was expressed in tumors and/or endothelial cells, and that ESAs directly stimulated tumor growth and/or antagonized tumor ablative therapies. Since then, numerous groups have performed further research evaluating this potential mechanism with conflicting data and conclusions. Here, we review the biology of endogenous Epo and EpoR expression and function in erythropoiesis, and evaluate the evidence pertaining to the expression of EpoR on normal nonhematopoietic and tumor cells.
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26
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Nakajima S, Ohashi J, Sawada A, Noda K, Fukumoto Y, Shimokawa H. Essential role of bone marrow for microvascular endothelial and metabolic functions in mice. Circ Res 2012; 111:87-96. [PMID: 22550140 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.270215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We have previously demonstrated that the importance of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) increases as the vessel size decreases and that endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is an EDHF in animals and humans, for which endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the major source. Recent studies have suggested the important role of the bone marrow (BM) in modulating cardiovascular and metabolic functions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine whether BM plays a role in modulating microvascular endothelial and metabolic functions in mice, and if so, to elucidate the mechanisms involved. METHODS AND RESULTS Male eNOS(-/-) mice were transplanted with BM cells from wild-type (WT) or eNOS(-/-) mice and were maintained for 6 weeks. Endothelium-dependent relaxations and hyperpolarizations of mesenteric arteries to acetylcholine were reduced in eNOS(-/-) mice and were markedly improved when transplanted with WT-BM but not with eNOS(-/-)-BM. The enhanced component of endothelium-dependent relaxations was abolished by catalase, indicating that the improved responses were mediated by H(2)O(2). In contrast, no such beneficial effect was noted in the aorta. Reduced plasma adiponectin levels and impaired glucose tolerance in eNOS(-/-) mice were also improved by WT-BM transplantation. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in mesenteric arteries of eNOS(-/-) mice was significantly upregulated only when transplanted with WT-BM. Importantly, the beneficial effects of WT-BM transplantation were absent in eNOS(-/-)/adiponectin(-/-) or eNOS(-/-)/nNOS(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS These results provide the first evidence that BM plays an important role in modulating microvascular endothelial and metabolic functions, for which adiponectin and nNOS may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Nakajima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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27
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Abstract
To better understand cellular basis of hemophilia, cell types capable of producing FVIII need to be identified. We determined whether bone marrow (BM)-derived cells would produce cells capable of synthesizing and releasing FVIII by transplanting healthy mouse BM into hemophilia A mice. To track donor-derived cells, we used genetic reporters. Use of multiple coagulation assays demonstrated whether FVIII produced by discrete cell populations would correct hemophilia A. We found that animals receiving healthy BM cells survived bleeding challenge with correction of hemophilia, although donor BM-derived hepatocytes or endothelial cells were extremely rare, and these cells did not account for therapeutic benefits. By contrast, donor BM-derived mononuclear and mesenchymal stromal cells were more abundant and expressed FVIII mRNA as well as FVIII protein. Moreover, injection of healthy mouse Kupffer cells (liver macrophage/mononuclear cells), which predominantly originate from BM, or of healthy BM-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, protected hemophilia A mice from bleeding challenge with appearance of FVIII in blood. Therefore, BM transplantation corrected hemophilia A through donor-derived mononuclear cells and mesenchymal stromal cells. These insights into FVIII synthesis and production in alternative cell types will advance studies of pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic development in hemophilia A.
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28
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Xing D, Li P, Gong K, Yang Z, Yu H, Hage FG, Oparil S, Chen YF. Endothelial cells overexpressing interleukin-8 receptors reduce inflammatory and neointimal responses to arterial injury. Circulation 2012; 125:1533-41. [PMID: 22361324 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.078436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-8 (IL8) receptors IL8RA and IL8RB on neutrophil membranes bind to IL8 and direct neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation, including acutely injured arteries. This study tested whether administration of IL8RA- and/or IL8RB-transduced rat aortic endothelial cells (ECs) accelerates adhesion of ECs to the injured surface, thus suppressing inflammation and neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. We tested the hypothesis that targeted delivery of ECs by overexpressing IL8RA and IL8RB receptors prevents inflammatory responses and promotes structural recovery of arteries after endoluminal injury. METHODS AND RESULTS Young adult male rats received balloon injury of the right carotid artery and were transfused intravenously with ECs (total, 1.5×10(6) cells at 1, 3, and 5 hours after injury) transduced with adenoviral vectors carrying IL8RA, IL8RB, and IL8RA/RB (dual transduction) genes, AdNull (empty vector), or vehicle (no EC transfusion). ECs overexpressing IL8Rs inhibited proinflammatory mediators expression significantly (by 60% to 85%) and reduced infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages into injured arteries at 1 day after injury, as well as stimulating a 2-fold increase in reendothelialization at 14 days after injury. IL8RA-EC, IL8RB-EC, and IL8RA/RB-EC treatment reduced neointima formation dramatically (by 80%, 74%, and 95%) at 28 days after injury. CONCLUSIONS ECs with overexpression of IL8RA and/or IL8RB mimic the behavior of neutrophils that target and adhere to injured tissues, preventing inflammation and neointima formation. Targeted delivery of ECs to arteries with endoluminal injury provides a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Xing
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 703 19th Street S., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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29
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Al-Hashmi S, Boels PJM, Zadjali F, Sadeghi B, Sällström J, Hultenby K, Hassan Z, Arner A, Hassan M. Busulphan-cyclophosphamide cause endothelial injury, remodeling of resistance arteries and enhanced expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30897. [PMID: 22303468 PMCID: PMC3267746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a curative treatment for malignant and non malignant diseases. However, transplantation-related complications including cardiovascular disease deteriorate the clinical outcome and quality of life. We have investigated the acute effects of conditioning regimen on the pharmacology, physiology and structure of large elastic arteries and small resistance-sized arteries in a SCT mouse model. Mesenteric resistance arteries and aorta were dissected from Balb/c mice conditioned with busulphan (Bu) and cyclophosphamide (Cy). In vitro isometric force development and pharmacology, in combination with RT-PCR, Western blotting and electron microscopy were used to study vascular properties. Compared with controls, mesenteric resistance arteries from the Bu-Cy group had larger internal circumference, showed enhanced endothelium mediated relaxation and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Bu-Cy treated animals had lower mean blood pressure and signs of endothelial injury. Aortas of treated animals had a higher reactivity to noradrenaline. We conclude that short-term consequences of Bu-Cy treatment divergently affect large and small arteries of the cardiovascular system. The increased noradrenaline reactivity of large elastic arteries was not associated with increased blood pressure at rest. Instead, Bu-Cy treatment lowered blood pressure via augmented microvascular endothelial dependent relaxation, increased expression of vascular eNOS and remodeling toward a larger lumen. The changes in the properties of resistance arteries can be associated with direct effects of the compounds on vascular wall or possibly indirectly induced via altered translational activity associated with the reduced hematocrit and shear stress. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms that underlie the early effects of conditioning regimen on resistance arteries and may help in designing further investigations to understand the late effects on vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman Al-Hashmi
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piet J. M. Boels
- 3Ph_S Biomedical, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division Genetic Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (MMK), CMM, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Behnam Sadeghi
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Kjell Hultenby
- EMIL, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinincal Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine (ECM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinincal Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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30
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Kazakov A, Müller P, Jagoda P, Semenov A, Böhm M, Laufs U. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase of the bone marrow regulates myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:397-405. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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31
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Fleissner F, Thum T. Critical role of the nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species balance in endothelial progenitor dysfunction. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:933-48. [PMID: 20712407 PMCID: PMC3135185 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial injury and dysfunction are critical events in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. During these processes, an impaired balance of nitric oxide bioavailability and oxidative stress is mechanistically involved. Circulating angiogenic cells (including early and late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (EPC)) contribute to formation of new blood vessels, neovascularization, and homeostasis of the vasculature, and are highly sensitive for misbalance between NO and oxidative stress. We here review the role of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase and oxidative stress producing enzyme systems in EPC during cardiovascular disease. We also focus on the underlying molecular mechanisms and potential emerging drug- and gene-based therapeutic strategies to improve EPC function in cardiovascular diseased patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fleissner
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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32
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Moebius-Winkler S, Schuler G, Adams V. Endothelial progenitor cells and exercise-induced redox regulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:997-1011. [PMID: 21091077 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are thought to participate in endothelial cell regeneration and neovascularization in either a direct or an indirect way. The number of circulating EPCs is influenced by many factors like disease status, medication, age, and fitness level and is an independent predictor of disease progression and cardiovascular events. Experimental as well as clinical studies during the last 10 years clearly demonstrated that physical exercise training has a beneficial effect on endothelial function, which is a clear predictive value for cardiovascular mortality. Over the last years mainly clinical studies provided solid evidence for an exercise training induced mobilization of EPCs from the bone marrow, thereby possibly influencing the regeneration of the endothelial cell layer. This review will discuss the mechanisms how exercise induces mobilization of EPCs from the bone marrow with a focus on the influence on the redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Moebius-Winkler
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
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33
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Zhang C, Tan X, Tan L, Liu T, Liu D, Zhang L, Fan S, Su Y, Cheng T, Zhou Y, Shi C. Labeling Stem Cells with a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Heptamethine Dye for Noninvasive Optical Tracking. Cell Transplant 2011; 20:741-51. [DOI: 10.3727/096368910x536536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent agents hold great promise for noninvasive in vivo imaging. We have recently reported that a NIR fluorescent heptamethine dye, IR-780 iodide, exhibits unique optical properties for biomedical imaging. On the basis of this foregoing work, we further describe here the potential application of IR-780 iodide as a novel NIR agent for stem cell labeling and tracking. The labeling efficiency, subcellular localization, and the effects on cell viability and differentiation of IR-780 iodide were investigated. The in vivo distribution of stem cells after intravenous transplantation was traced by whole-body animal NIR imaging. Our results showed that IR-780 iodide exhibited superior labeling efficiency and biocompatibility with unique optical properties. Following whole-body NIR imaging, the pulmonary passage of stem cells was noninvasively visualized in rats after systemic transplantation of IR-780 iodide-labeled stem cells through intravenous delivery. With this NIR imaging method, we further confirmed that pretreatment with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a vasodilator agent, significantly reduced the cell trapping in the lung and increased the cell passage through the lung capillaries. Our study suggests that IR-780 iodide may represent an effective NIR fluorophore for stem cell labeling and tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Tan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dengqun Liu
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lilong Zhang
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Song Fan
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Su
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianmin Cheng
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunmeng Shi
- Institute of Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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34
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Lenk K, Uhlemann M, Schuler G, Adams V. Role of endothelial progenitor cells in the beneficial effects of physical exercise on atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:321-8. [PMID: 21350026 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01464.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical trials as well as in several animal experiments it is evident that physical exercise is a powerful tool to positively influence the development and/or progression of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). The main target of physical exercise seems to be the maintenance of an intact endothelial cell layer. Since the discovery that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are present in the circulation and the knowledge that exercise, either as a single exercise bout or an exercise training program, have the potency to mobilize EPCs from the bone marrow, the contribution of the EPCs for the preservation or repair of the endothelial cell layer is still under debate. Either the EPCs differentiate into mature endothelial cells, or they stimulate via a paracrine mechanism mature endothelial cells to proliferate. It is still unclear, if the exercise-induced mobilization of EPCs is casually related to the improvement of endothelial function. This review will discuss the role of endothelial progenitor cells in the beneficial effects of physical exercise on atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Lenk
- University Leipzig, Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Leipzig, Germany
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35
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Fang S, Salven P. Stem cells in tumor angiogenesis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 50:290-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Piper HM, Garcia-Dorado D, Martinson EA. What's catching our readers' eye? Analysis of downloads of Cardiovascular Research articles. Cardiovasc Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvq372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Psaltis PJ, Harbuzariu A, Delacroix S, Holroyd EW, Simari RD. Resident vascular progenitor cells--diverse origins, phenotype, and function. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2010; 4:161-76. [PMID: 21116882 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-010-9248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental contributions that blood vessels make toward organogenesis and tissue homeostasis are reflected by the considerable ramifications that loss of vascular wall integrity has on pre- and postnatal health. During both neovascularization and vessel wall remodeling after insult, the dynamic nature of vascular cell growth and replacement vitiates traditional impressions that blood vessels contain predominantly mature, terminally differentiated cell populations. Recent discoveries have verified the presence of diverse stem/progenitor cells for both vascular and non-vascular progeny within the mural layers of the vasculature. During embryogenesis, this encompasses the emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells and multipotent mesoangioblasts from the developing dorsal aorta. Ancestral cells have also been identified and isolated from mature, adult blood vessels, showing variable capacity for endothelial, smooth muscle, and mesenchymal differentiation. At present, the characterization of these different vascular wall progenitors remains somewhat rudimentary, but there is evidence for their constitutive residence within organized compartments in the vessel wall, most compellingly in the tunica adventitia. This review overviews the spectrum of resident stem/progenitor cells that have been documented in macro- and micro-vessels during developmental and adult life and considers the implications for a local, vascular wall stem cell niche(s) in the pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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38
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Mueller RJ, Stussi G, Puga Yung G, Nikolic M, Soldini D, Halter J, Meyer-Monard S, Gratwohl A, Passweg JR, Odermatt B, Schanz U, Biedermann BC, Seebach JD. Persistence of recipient-type endothelium after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2010; 96:119-27. [PMID: 20934999 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2010.030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possibility that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation performed across the ABO blood group-barrier is associated with an increase of graft-versus-host disease, in particular endothelial damage, has not been elucidated so far. For this reason, we investigated the level of endothelial cell chimerism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in order to delineate the role of hematopoietic stem cells in endothelial replacement. DESIGN AND METHODS The frequency of donor-derived endothelial cells was analyzed in 52 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, in 22 normal skin biopsies, in 12 skin samples affected by graft-versus-host disease, various tissues from five autopsies and four secondary solid tumors by ABH immunohistochemistry, XY fluorescence in situ hybridization and short tandem repeat analysis of laser captured endothelial cells. RESULTS Skin biopsies from two patients transplanted with minor ABO-incompatible grafts (i.e. O in A) showed 3.3% and 0.9% H antigen-positive donor-derived endothelial cells by ABH immunohistochemistry. Tumor biopsies from two recipients showed 1.2% and 2.5% donor-derived endothelial cells by combined immunohistochemistry/ fluorescence in situ hybridization. All other skin samples, heart, liver, bone-marrow, and tumor tissues failed to reveal donor-type endothelial cells up to several years after ABO-incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cell replacement by bone marrow-derived donor cells after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a rare event. It does not seem to represent a major mechanism of physiological in vivo blood vessel formation, tumor neoangiogenesis, vascular repair after graft-versus-host disease episodes or acceptance of ABO-incompatible grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regula J Mueller
- Laboratory for Transplantation Immunology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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39
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Endothelial progenitor cells: quo vadis? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 50:266-72. [PMID: 20673769 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The term endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) was coined to refer to circulating cells that displayed the ability to display cell surface antigens similar to endothelial cells in vitro, to circulate and lodge in areas of ischemia or vascular injury, and to facilitate the repair of damaged blood vessels or augment development of new vessels as needed by a tissue. More than 10 years after the first report, the term EPC is used to refer to a host of circulating cells that display some or all of the qualities indicated above, however, essentially all of the cells are now known to be members of the hematopoietic lineage. The exception is a rare viable circulating endothelial cell with clonal proliferative potential that displays the ability to spontaneously form inosculating human blood vessels upon implantation into immunodeficient murine host tissues. This paper will review the current lineage relationships among all the cells called EPC and will propose that the term EPC be retired and that each of the circulating cell subsets be referred to according to the terms already existent for each subset. This article is part of a special issue entitled, "Cardiovascular Stem Cells Revisited".
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40
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Endothelial activation and circulating markers of endothelial activation in kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2010; 6:404-14. [PMID: 20498676 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2010.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The recognition of a central role for the endothelium in the development of kidney disease or the development of vascular lesions in patients with established renal dysfunction has led to the emergence of methods to test different aspects of endothelium function, including in endothelium injury and repair. Endothelial-cell activation is associated with the shedding of components of the glycocalyx, adhesion molecules and endothelial microparticles into the circulation. This process may eventually result in the detachment of endothelial cells and recruitment of circulating myeloid and progenitor cells that are involved in vascular remodeling and repair. Circulating markers of endothelium activation may therefore represent novel markers of vessel wall injury. This Review describes the biology of these circulating markers of vessel wall injury, the methodologies used to measure them, and their possible relevance to patients with kidney disease.
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41
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Goligorsky MS, Yasuda K, Ratliff B. Dysfunctional endothelial progenitor cells in chronic kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:911-9. [PMID: 20395371 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009111119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Putative endothelial progenitor cells play a role in organ regeneration, and their incompetence may be important in the development of chronic kidney disease. The mechanisms of this incompetence are broad and range from poor mobilization, viability, and engraftment to impaired differentiation into mature endothelial cells. By contrasting the role of endothelial progenitor cells in tissue regeneration with their developing incompetence in chronic kidney disease, we emphasize the importance of designing rational pharmacologic strategies to tackle such incompetence in the broader search for therapies to attenuate chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Goligorsky
- Renal Research Institute, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
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42
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Pearson JD. Endothelial progenitor cells--an evolving story. Microvasc Res 2010; 79:162-8. [PMID: 20043930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The first description of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) in 1997 led rapidly to substantial changes in our understanding of angiogenesis, and within 5 years to the first clinical studies in humans using bone marrow derived EPC to enhance coronary neovascularisation and cardiac function after myocardial ischemia. However, to improve the success of this therapy a clearer understanding of the biology of EPC is needed. This article summarises recent data indicating that most EPC are not, in fact, endothelial progenitors but can be better described as angiogenic monocytes, and explores the implications this has for their future therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Pearson
- King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, London SE1 9NH, UK.
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43
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Emerging biology of vascular wall progenitor cells in health and disease. Trends Mol Med 2009; 15:501-9. [PMID: 19828379 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
New blood vessels are formed through angiogenesis and postnatal vasculogenesis. Thus, it is essential to identify vascular stem and progenitor cell niches and the mechanisms governing their role in blood vessel formation. Although much is known about circulating and bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), little is known about the vascular wall as an EPC niche. Experimental evidence strongly suggests that EPCs, as well as other stem and progenitor cells, reside in distinct zones of the vessel wall, such as within the subendothelial space and in the so-called "vasculogenic zone" within the vascular adventitia. In this review, we discuss the potential implications of different types of vascular wall resident stem and progenitor cells in health and disease.
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