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Arunagiri V, Cooper L, Dong H, Class J, Biswas I, Vahora S, Deshpande R, Gopani KH, Hu G, Richner JM, Rong L, Liu J. Suppression of interferon α and γ response by Huwe1-mediated Miz1 degradation promotes SARS-CoV-2 replication. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388517. [PMID: 39034993 PMCID: PMC11257858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been demonstrated to limit the host interferon response; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we found that SARS-CoV-2 infection upregulated the E3 ubiquitin ligase Huwe1, which in turn facilitated the degradation of the transcription factor Miz1. The degradation of Miz1 hampered interferon alpha and gamma responses, consequently fostering viral replication and impeding viral clearance. Conversely, silencing or inhibiting Huwe1 enhanced the interferon responses, effectively curbing viral replication. Consistently, overexpressing Miz1 augmented the interferon responses and limited viral replication, whereas silencing Miz1 had the opposite effect. Targeting Huwe1 or overexpressing Miz1 elicited transcriptomic alterations characterized by enriched functions associated with bolstered antiviral response and diminished virus replication. Further study revealed Miz1 exerted epigenetic control over the transcription of specific interferon signaling molecules, which acted as common upstream regulators responsible for the observed transcriptomic changes following Huwe1 or Miz1 targeting. These findings underscore the critical role of the Huwe1-Miz1 axis in governing the host antiviral response, with its dysregulation contributing to the impaired interferon response observed during COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Arunagiri
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Huali Dong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jake Class
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Indrani Biswas
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sujan Vahora
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Riddhi Deshpande
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Khushi H. Gopani
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Guochang Hu
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Justin M. Richner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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2
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Wu W, Arunagiri V, Do-Umehara HC, Chen C, Gu S, Biswas I, Ridge KM, Budinger GRS, Liu S, Liu J. Miz1 represses type I interferon production and limits viral clearance during influenza A virus infection. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadg7867. [PMID: 38593156 PMCID: PMC11182629 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg7867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are critical for the antiviral immune response, and fine-tuning type I IFN production is critical to effectively clearing viruses without causing harmful immunopathology. We showed that the transcription factor Miz1 epigenetically repressed the expression of genes encoding type I IFNs in mouse lung epithelial cells by recruiting histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to the promoters of Ifna and Ifnb. Loss of function of Miz1 resulted in augmented production of these type I IFNs during influenza A virus (IAV) infection, leading to improved viral clearance in vitro and in vivo. IAV infection induced Miz1 accumulation by promoting the cullin-4B (CUL4B)-mediated ubiquitylation and degradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mule (Mcl-1 ubiquitin ligase E3; also known as Huwe1 or Arf-BP1), which targets Miz1 for degradation. As a result, Miz1 accumulation limited type I IFN production and favored viral replication. This study reveals a previously unrecognized function of Miz1 in regulating antiviral defense and a potential mechanism for influenza viruses to evade host immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiao Wu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Middle Xingang Road, Guangzhou, 510317, Guangdong, China
| | - Vinothini Arunagiri
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hanh Chi Do-Umehara
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shuyin Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Indrani Biswas
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Karen M. Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine; Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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3
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Zhang L, Toboso-Navasa A, Gunawan A, Camara A, Nakagawa R, Katja F, Chakravarty P, Newman R, Zhang Y, Eilers M, Wack A, Tolar P, Toellner KM, Calado DP. Regulation of BCR-mediated Ca 2+ mobilization by MIZ1-TMBIM4 safeguards IgG1 + GC B cell-positive selection. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadk0092. [PMID: 38579014 PMCID: PMC7615907 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adk0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The transition from immunoglobulin M (IgM) to affinity-matured IgG antibodies is vital for effective humoral immunity. This is facilitated by germinal centers (GCs) through affinity maturation and preferential maintenance of IgG+ B cells over IgM+ B cells. However, it is not known whether the positive selection of the different Ig isotypes within GCs is dependent on specific transcriptional mechanisms. Here, we explored IgG1+ GC B cell transcription factor dependency using a CRISPR-Cas9 screen and conditional mouse genetics. We found that MIZ1 was specifically required for IgG1+ GC B cell survival during positive selection, whereas IgM+ GC B cells were largely independent. Mechanistically, MIZ1 induced TMBIM4, an ancestral anti-apoptotic protein that regulated inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated calcium (Ca2+) mobilization downstream of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling in IgG1+ B cells. The MIZ1-TMBIM4 axis prevented mitochondrial dysfunction-induced IgG1+ GC cell death caused by excessive Ca2+ accumulation. This study uncovers a unique Ig isotype-specific dependency on a hitherto unidentified mechanism in GC-positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Arief Gunawan
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Rebecca Newman
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Pavel Tolar
- Immune Receptor Activation Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kai-Michael Toellner
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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4
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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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5
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Papadimitropoulou A, Makri M, Zoidis G. MYC the oncogene from hell: Novel opportunities for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116194. [PMID: 38340508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer comprises a heterogeneous disease, characterized by diverse features such as constitutive expression of oncogenes and/or downregulation of tumor suppressor genes. MYC constitutes a master transcriptional regulator, involved in many cellular functions and is aberrantly expressed in more than 70 % of human cancers. The Myc protein belongs to a family of transcription factors whose structural pattern is referred to as basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper. Myc binds to its partner, a smaller protein called Max, forming an Myc:Max heterodimeric complex that interacts with specific DNA recognition sequences (E-boxes) and regulates the expression of downstream target genes. Myc protein plays a fundamental role for the life of a cell, as it is involved in many physiological functions such as proliferation, growth and development since it controls the expression of a very large percentage of genes (∼15 %). However, despite the strict control of MYC expression in normal cells, MYC is often deregulated in cancer, exhibiting a key role in stimulating oncogenic process affecting features such as aberrant proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, genomic instability and oncogenic transformation. In this review we aim to meticulously describe the fundamental role of MYC in tumorigenesis and highlight its importance as an anticancer drug target. We focus mainly on the different categories of novel small molecules that act as inhibitors of Myc function in diverse ways hence offering great opportunities for an efficient cancer therapy. This knowledge will provide significant information for the development of novel Myc inhibitors and assist to the design of treatments that would effectively act against Myc-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Papadimitropoulou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Makri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigoris Zoidis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, GR-15771, Athens, Greece.
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Sainero-Alcolado L, Garde-Lapido E, Snaebjörnsson MT, Schoch S, Stevens I, Ruiz-Pérez MV, Dyrager C, Pelechano V, Axelson H, Schulze A, Arsenian-Henriksson M. Targeting MYC induces lipid droplet accumulation by upregulation of HILPDA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310479121. [PMID: 38335255 PMCID: PMC10873620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310479121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is critical during clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumorigenesis, manifested by accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs), organelles that have emerged as new hallmarks of cancer. Yet, regulation of their biogenesis is still poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that MYC inhibition in ccRCC cells lacking the von Hippel Lindau (VHL) gene leads to increased triglyceride content potentiating LD formation in a glutamine-dependent manner. Importantly, the concurrent inhibition of MYC signaling and glutamine metabolism prevented LD accumulation and reduced tumor burden in vivo. Furthermore, we identified the hypoxia-inducible lipid droplet-associated protein (HILPDA) as the key driver for induction of MYC-driven LD accumulation and demonstrated that conversely, proliferation, LD formation, and tumor growth are impaired upon its downregulation. Finally, analysis of ccRCC tissue as well as healthy renal control samples postulated HILPDA as a specific ccRCC biomarker. Together, these results provide an attractive approach for development of alternative therapeutic interventions for the treatment of this type of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Sainero-Alcolado
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Elisa Garde-Lapido
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | | | - Sarah Schoch
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund22100, Sweden
| | - Irene Stevens
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - María Victoria Ruiz-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry-Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala75123, Sweden
| | - Vicent Pelechano
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
| | - Håkan Axelson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund22100, Sweden
| | - Almut Schulze
- Division of Tumor Metabolism and Microenvironment, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Marie Arsenian-Henriksson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm17165, Sweden
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7
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Cazarin J, DeRollo RE, Ahmad Shahidan SNAB, Burchett JB, Mwangi D, Krishnaiah S, Hsieh AL, Walton ZE, Brooks R, Mello SS, Weljie AM, Dang CV, Altman BJ. MYC disrupts transcriptional and metabolic circadian oscillations in cancer and promotes enhanced biosynthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.03.522637. [PMID: 36711638 PMCID: PMC9881876 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.03.522637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock, which controls rhythmic 24-hour oscillation of genes, proteins, and metabolites in healthy tissues, is disrupted across many human cancers. Deregulated expression of the MYC oncoprotein has been shown to alter expression of molecular clock genes, leading to a disruption of molecular clock oscillation across cancer types. It remains unclear what benefit cancer cells gain from suppressing clock oscillation, and how this loss of molecular clock oscillation impacts global gene expression and metabolism in cancer. We hypothesized that MYC or its paralog N-MYC (collectively termed MYC herein) suppress oscillation of gene expression and metabolism to upregulate pathways involved in biosynthesis in a static, non-oscillatory fashion. To test this, cells from distinct cancer types with inducible MYC were examined, using time-series RNA-sequencing and metabolomics, to determine the extent to which MYC activation disrupts global oscillation of genes, gene expression pathways, and metabolites. We focused our analyses on genes, pathways, and metabolites that changed in common across multiple cancer cell line models. We report here that MYC disrupted over 85% of oscillating genes, while instead promoting enhanced ribosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed cell attachment pathways. Notably, when MYC is activated, biosynthetic programs that were formerly circadian flipped to being upregulated in an oscillation-free manner. Further, activation of MYC ablates the oscillation of nutrient transporter proteins while greatly upregulating transporter expression, cell surface localization, and intracellular amino acid pools. Finally, we report that MYC disrupts metabolite oscillations and the temporal segregation of amino acid metabolism from nucleotide metabolism. Our results demonstrate that MYC disruption of the molecular circadian clock releases metabolic and biosynthetic processes from circadian control, which may provide a distinct advantage to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cazarin
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rachel E. DeRollo
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Jamison B. Burchett
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Mwangi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Saikumari Krishnaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephano S. Mello
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, MD, USA
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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8
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Cazarin J, DeRollo RE, Shahidan SNABA, Burchett JB, Mwangi D, Krishnaiah S, Hsieh AL, Walton ZE, Brooks R, Mello SS, Weljie AM, Dang CV, Altman BJ. MYC disrupts transcriptional and metabolic circadian oscillations in cancer and promotes enhanced biosynthesis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010904. [PMID: 37639465 PMCID: PMC10491404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular circadian clock, which controls rhythmic 24-hour oscillation of genes, proteins, and metabolites in healthy tissues, is disrupted across many human cancers. Deregulated expression of the MYC oncoprotein has been shown to alter expression of molecular clock genes, leading to a disruption of molecular clock oscillation across cancer types. It remains unclear what benefit cancer cells gain from suppressing clock oscillation, and how this loss of molecular clock oscillation impacts global gene expression and metabolism in cancer. We hypothesized that MYC or its paralog N-MYC (collectively termed MYC herein) suppress oscillation of gene expression and metabolism to upregulate pathways involved in biosynthesis in a static, non-oscillatory fashion. To test this, cells from distinct cancer types with inducible MYC were examined, using time-series RNA-sequencing and metabolomics, to determine the extent to which MYC activation disrupts global oscillation of genes, gene expression pathways, and metabolites. We focused our analyses on genes, pathways, and metabolites that changed in common across multiple cancer cell line models. We report here that MYC disrupted over 85% of oscillating genes, while instead promoting enhanced ribosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis and suppressed cell attachment pathways. Notably, when MYC is activated, biosynthetic programs that were formerly circadian flipped to being upregulated in an oscillation-free manner. Further, activation of MYC ablates the oscillation of nutrient transporter proteins while greatly upregulating transporter expression, cell surface localization, and intracellular amino acid pools. Finally, we report that MYC disrupts metabolite oscillations and the temporal segregation of amino acid metabolism from nucleotide metabolism. Our results demonstrate that MYC disruption of the molecular circadian clock releases metabolic and biosynthetic processes from circadian control, which may provide a distinct advantage to cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cazarin
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Rachel E. DeRollo
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Siti Noor Ain Binti Ahmad Shahidan
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jamison B. Burchett
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel Mwangi
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Saikumari Krishnaiah
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Annie L. Hsieh
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zandra E. Walton
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rebekah Brooks
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephano S. Mello
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chi V. Dang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brian J. Altman
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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Oei V, Chuang LSH, Matsuo J, Srivastava S, Teh M, Ito Y. RUNX3 inactivates oncogenic MYC through disruption of MYC/MAX complex and subsequent recruitment of GSK3β-FBXW7 cascade. Commun Biol 2023; 6:689. [PMID: 37400551 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC is one of the most commonly dysregulated proto-oncogenes in cancer. MYC promotes cancer initiation and maintenance by regulating multiple biological processes, such as proliferation and stem cell function. Here, we show that developmental regulator RUNX3 targets MYC protein for rapid degradation through the glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta-F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 (GSK3β-FBXW7) proteolytic pathway. The evolutionarily conserved Runt domain of RUNX3 interacts directly with the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper of MYC, resulting in the disruption of MYC/MAX and MYC/MIZ-1 interactions, enhanced GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of MYC protein at threonine-58 and its subsequent degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. We therefore uncover a previously unknown mode of MYC destabilization by RUNX3 and provide an explanation as to why RUNX3 inhibits early-stage cancer development in gastrointestinal and lung mouse cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Oei
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School, Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Linda Shyue Huey Chuang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junichi Matsuo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Supriya Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Teh
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Yang J, Hou C, Wang H, Perez EA, Do-Umehara HC, Dong H, Arunagiri V, Tong F, Van Scoyk M, Cho M, Liu X, Ge X, Winn RA, Ridge KM, Wang X, Chandel NS, Liu J. Miz1 promotes KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis by repressing the protocadherin Pcdh10. Cancer Lett 2023; 555:216025. [PMID: 36538983 PMCID: PMC9870713 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.216025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting KRAS-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains clinically challenging. Here we show that loss of function of Miz1 inhibits lung tumorigenesis in a mouse model of oncogenic KRAS-driven lung cancer. In vitro, knockout or silencing of Miz1 decreases cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, invasion, or anchorage-independent growth in mutant (MT) KRAS murine or human NSCLC cells but has unremarkable impact on non-tumorigenic cells or wild-type (WT) KRAS human NSCLC cells. RNA-sequencing reveals Protocadherin-10 (Pcdh10) as the top upregulated gene by Miz1 knockout in MT KRAS murine lung tumor cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation shows Miz1 binding on the Pcdh10 promoter in MT KRAS lung tumor cells but not non-tumorigenic cells. Importantly, silencing of Pcdh10 rescues cell proliferation and clonogenicity in Miz1 knockout/knockdown MT KRAS murine or human tumor cells, and rescues allograft tumor growth of Miz1 knockout tumor cells in vivo. Miz1 is upregulated in MT KRAS lung tumor tissues compared with adjacent non-involved tissues in mice. Consistent with this, Miz1 is upregulated while Pcdh10 is downregulated in human lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) compared with normal tissues, and high Miz1 levels or low Pcdh10 levels are associated with poor survival in lung cancer patients. Furthermore, the Miz1 signature is associated with worse survival in MT but not WT KRAS LUAD, and Pcdh10 is downregulated in MT compared to WT KRAS LUAD. Taken together, our studies implicate the Miz1/Pcdh10 axis in oncogenic KRAS-driven lung tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Changchun Hou
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Huashan Wang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Edith A Perez
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hanh Chi Do-Umehara
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Huali Dong
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Vinothini Arunagiri
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fangjia Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michelle Van Scoyk
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Minsu Cho
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Robert A Winn
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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11
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Dhanasekaran R, Hansen AS, Park J, Lemaitre L, Lai I, Adeniji N, Kuruvilla S, Suresh A, Zhang J, Swamy V, Felsher DW. MYC Overexpression Drives Immune Evasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma That Is Reversible through Restoration of Proinflammatory Macrophages. Cancer Res 2023; 83:626-640. [PMID: 36525476 PMCID: PMC9931653 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancers evade immune surveillance, which can be reversed through immune-checkpoint therapy in a small subset of cases. Here, we report that the MYC oncogene suppresses innate immune surveillance and drives resistance to immunotherapy. In 33 different human cancers, MYC genomic amplification and overexpression increased immune-checkpoint expression, predicted nonresponsiveness to immune-checkpoint blockade, and was associated with both Th2-like immune profile and reduced CD8 T-cell infiltration. MYC transcriptionally suppressed innate immunity and MHCI-mediated antigen presentation, which in turn impeded T-cell response. Combined, but not individual, blockade of PDL1 and CTLA4 could reverse MYC-driven immune suppression by leading to the recruitment of proinflammatory antigen-presenting macrophages with increased CD40 and MHCII expression. Depletion of macrophages abrogated the antineoplastic effects of PDL1 and CTLA4 blockade in MYC-driven hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hence, MYC is a predictor of immune-checkpoint responsiveness and a key driver of immune evasion through the suppression of proinflammatory macrophages. The immune evasion induced by MYC in HCC can be overcome by combined PDL1 and CTLA4 blockade. SIGNIFICANCE Macrophage-mediated immune evasion is a therapeutic vulnerability of MYC-driven cancers, which has implications for prioritizing MYC-driven hepatocellular carcinoma for combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aida S. Hansen
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Jangho Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lea Lemaitre
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ian Lai
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nia Adeniji
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sibu Kuruvilla
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Akanksha Suresh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Josephine Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine. Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Varsha Swamy
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dean W. Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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Do-Umehara HC, Chen C, Zhang Q, Schleimer RP, Budinger GRS, Liu J. Suppression of Allergic Asthma by Loss of Function of Miz1-Mediated Th1 Skewing. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 67:346-359. [PMID: 35833903 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0135oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is the most prevalent chronic respiratory disease worldwide. There is currently no cure, and it remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Here we report that lung-specific loss of function of the transcription factor c-Myc-interacting zinc finger protein-1 (Miz1) upregulates the pro-T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine interleukin 12 (IL-12). Upregulation of IL-12 in turn stimulates a Th1 response, thereby counteracting T helper 2 (Th2) response and preventing the allergic response in mouse models of house dust mite (HDM)- and ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma. Using transgenic mice expressing Cre under a cell-specific promoter, we demonstrate that Miz1 acts in lung epithelial cells and dendritic cells in asthma. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with high-throughput DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) or quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR) reveals the binding of Miz1 on the Il12 promoter indicating direct repression of IL-12 by Miz1. Additionally, histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is recruited to the Il12 promoter in a Miz1-depdenent manner, suggesting epigenetic repression of Il12 by Miz1. Furthermore, Miz1 is upregulated in human asthmatic samples as well as in asthmatic mice. Our data together suggest that Miz1 is upregulated during asthma, which in turn promotes asthma pathogenesis by preventing Th1 skewing through the transcriptional repression of IL-12.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cong Chen
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Northwestern University - Chicago, 205058, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Robert P Schleimer
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Division of Allergy-Immunology, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Northwestern University, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Jing Liu
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, 12247, Chicago, Illinois, United States;
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13
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Myc-Interacting Zinc Finger Protein 1 (Miz-1) Is Essential to Maintain Homeostasis and Immunocompetence of the B Cell Lineage. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040504. [PMID: 35453704 PMCID: PMC9027237 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging of the immune system is described as a progressive loss of the ability to respond to immunologic stimuli and is commonly referred to as immunosenescence. B cell immunosenescence is characterized by a decreased differentiation rate in the bone marrow and accumulation of antigen-experienced and age-associated B cells in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). A specific deletion of the POZ-domain of the transcription factor Miz-1 in pro-B cells, which is known to be involved in bone marrow hematopoiesis, leads to premature aging of the B cell lineage. In mice, this causes a severe reduction in bone marrow-derived B cells with a drastic decrease from the pre-B cell stage on. Further, mature, naïve cells in SLOs are reduced at an early age, while post-activation-associated subpopulations increase prematurely. We propose that Miz-1 interferes at several key regulatory checkpoints, critical during B cell aging, and counteracts a premature loss of immunocompetence. This enables the use of our mouse model to gain further insights into mechanisms of B cell aging and it can significantly contribute to understand molecular causes of impaired adaptive immune responses to counteract loss of immunocompetence and restore a functional immune response in the elderly.
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14
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Li X, Han M, Zhang H, Liu F, Pan Y, Zhu J, Liao Z, Chen X, Zhang B. Structures and biological functions of zinc finger proteins and their roles in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomark Res 2022; 10:2. [PMID: 35000617 PMCID: PMC8744215 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger proteins are transcription factors with the finger domain, which plays a significant role in gene regulation. As the largest family of transcription factors in the human genome, zinc finger (ZNF) proteins are characterized by their different DNA binding motifs, such as C2H2 and Gag knuckle. Different kinds of zinc finger motifs exhibit a wide variety of biological functions. Zinc finger proteins have been reported in various diseases, especially in several cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide, especially in China. Most of HCC patients have suffered from hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) injection for a long time. Although the surgical operation of HCC has been extremely developed, the prognosis of HCC is still very poor, and the underlying mechanisms in HCC tumorigenesis are still not completely understood. Here, we summarize multiple functions and recent research of zinc finger proteins in HCC tumorigenesis and progression. We also discuss the significance of zinc finger proteins in HCC diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yonglong Pan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jinghan Zhu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhibin Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Key Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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15
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Boisvert O, Létourneau D, Delattre P, Tremblay C, Jolibois É, Montagne M, Lavigne P. Zinc Fingers 10 and 11 of Miz-1 undergo conformational exchange to achieve specific DNA binding. Structure 2021; 30:623-636.e5. [PMID: 34963061 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Miz-1 (ZBTB17) is a poly-zinc finger BTB/POZ transcription factor with 12 consecutive C2H2 zinc fingers (ZFs) that binds transcriptional start sites (TSSs) to regulate the expression of genes involved in cell development and proliferation. As of now, it is not known which of the 12 consecutive ZFs are responsible for the recognition of the 24 base pair consensus sequence found at these TSSs. Evidence suggests ZFs 7-12 plays this role. We provide validation for this and describe the structural and dynamical characterization of unprecedented conformational exchange in the linker between ZFs 10 and 11. This conformational exchange uncouples ZFs 7-10 from 11 and 12 and promotes a scanning-recognition mechanism through which the two segments cooperate to bind two sub-sites at both ends of the consensus. We further show that this can result in the coiling of TSSs as part of Miz-1's mechanism of transcriptional transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boisvert
- Département de biochimie et de génomique fonctionnelle, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and PROTÉO, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Danny Létourneau
- Département de biochimie et de génomique fonctionnelle, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and PROTÉO, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Patrick Delattre
- Département de biochimie et de génomique fonctionnelle, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and PROTÉO, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Cynthia Tremblay
- Département de biochimie et de génomique fonctionnelle, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and PROTÉO, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Émilie Jolibois
- Département de biochimie et de génomique fonctionnelle, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and PROTÉO, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Martin Montagne
- Département de biochimie et de génomique fonctionnelle, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and PROTÉO, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre Lavigne
- Département de biochimie et de génomique fonctionnelle, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke and PROTÉO, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12 Avenue N, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada.
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16
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Mechanisms of Binding Specificity among bHLH Transcription Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179150. [PMID: 34502060 PMCID: PMC8431614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptome of every cell is orchestrated by the complex network of interaction between transcription factors (TFs) and their binding sites on DNA. Disruption of this network can result in many forms of organism malfunction but also can be the substrate of positive natural selection. However, understanding the specific determinants of each of these individual TF-DNA interactions is a challenging task as it requires integrating the multiple possible mechanisms by which a given TF ends up interacting with a specific genomic region. These mechanisms include DNA motif preferences, which can be determined by nucleotide sequence but also by DNA’s shape; post-translational modifications of the TF, such as phosphorylation; and dimerization partners and co-factors, which can mediate multiple forms of direct or indirect cooperative binding. Binding can also be affected by epigenetic modifications of putative target regions, including DNA methylation and nucleosome occupancy. In this review, we describe how all these mechanisms have a role and crosstalk in one specific family of TFs, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH), with a very conserved DNA binding domain and a similar DNA preferred motif, the E-box. Here, we compile and discuss a rich catalog of strategies used by bHLH to acquire TF-specific genome-wide landscapes of binding sites.
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17
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Ahmadi SE, Rahimi S, Zarandi B, Chegeni R, Safa M. MYC: a multipurpose oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic implications in blood malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:121. [PMID: 34372899 PMCID: PMC8351444 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC oncogene is a transcription factor with a wide array of functions affecting cellular activities such as cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA damage response, and hematopoiesis. Due to the multi-functionality of MYC, its expression is regulated at multiple levels. Deregulation of this oncogene can give rise to a variety of cancers. In this review, MYC regulation and the mechanisms by which MYC adjusts cellular functions and its implication in hematologic malignancies are summarized. Further, we also discuss potential inhibitors of MYC that could be beneficial for treating hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Esmaeil Ahmadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Rahimi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Zarandi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouzbeh Chegeni
- Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Identifying and Validating MYC:Protein Interactors in Pursuit of Novel Anti-MYC Therapies. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34019286 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1476-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
By identifying MYC protein-protein interactors, we aim to gain a deeper mechanistic understanding of MYC as a regulator of gene transcription and potent oncoprotein. This information can then be used to devise strategies for disrupting critical MYC protein-protein interactions to inhibit MYC-driven tumorigenesis. In this chapter, we discuss four techniques to identify and validate MYC-interacting partners. First, we highlight BioID, a powerful discovery method used to identify high-confidence proximal interactors in living cells. We also discuss bioinformatic prioritization strategies for the BioID-derived MYC-proximal complexes. Next, we discuss how protein interactions can be validated using techniques such as in vivo-in vitro pull-down assays and the proximity ligation assay (PLA). We conclude with an overview of biolayer interferometry (BLI), a quantitative method used to characterize direct interactions between two proteins in vitro. Overall, we highlight the principles of each assay and provide methodology necessary to conduct these experiments and adapt them to the study of interactors of additional proteins of interest.
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19
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Moreno-Smith M, Milazzo G, Tao L, Fekry B, Zhu B, Mohammad MA, Di Giacomo S, Borkar R, Reddy KRK, Capasso M, Vasudevan SA, Sumazin P, Hicks J, Putluri N, Perini G, Eckel-Mahan K, Burris TP, Barbieri E. Restoration of the molecular clock is tumor suppressive in neuroblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4006. [PMID: 34183658 PMCID: PMC8238982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24196-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MYCN activation is a hallmark of advanced neuroblastoma (NB) and a known master regulator of metabolic reprogramming, favoring NB adaptation to its microenvironment. We found that the expression of the main regulators of the molecular clock loops is profoundly disrupted in MYCN-amplified NB patients, and this disruption independently predicts poor clinical outcome. MYCN induces the expression of clock repressors and downregulates the one of clock activators by directly binding to their promoters. Ultimately, MYCN attenuates the molecular clock by suppressing BMAL1 expression and oscillation, thereby promoting cell survival. Reestablishment of the activity of the clock activator RORα via its genetic overexpression and its stimulation through the agonist SR1078, restores BMAL1 expression and oscillation, effectively blocks MYCN-mediated tumor growth and de novo lipogenesis, and sensitizes NB tumors to conventional chemotherapy. In conclusion, reactivation of RORα could serve as a therapeutic strategy for MYCN-amplified NBs by blocking the dysregulation of molecular clock and cell metabolism mediated by MYCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrthala Moreno-Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ling Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Baharan Fekry
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Aging Institute of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Mahmoud A Mohammad
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simone Di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roshan Borkar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Sanjeev A Vasudevan
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pavel Sumazin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Hicks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Kristin Eckel-Mahan
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center (UT Health), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and St. Louis College of Pharmacy, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eveline Barbieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Centers, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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20
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Hyperoxia Inhibits Proliferation of Retinal Endothelial Cells in a Myc-Dependent Manner. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11070614. [PMID: 34202240 PMCID: PMC8304924 DOI: 10.3390/life11070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen supplementation is necessary to prevent mortality in severely premature infants. However, the supraphysiological concentration of oxygen utilized in these infants simultaneously creates retinovascular growth attenuation and vasoobliteration that induces the retinopathy of prematurity. Here, we report that hyperoxia regulates the cell cycle and retinal endothelial cell proliferation in a previously unknown Myc-dependent manner, which contributes to oxygen-induced retinopathy.
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21
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Zhang W, Zhangyuan G, Wang F, Jin K, Shen H, Zhang L, Yuan X, Wang J, Zhang H, Yu W, Huang R, Xu X, Yin Y, Zhong G, Lin A, Sun B. The zinc finger protein Miz1 suppresses liver tumorigenesis by restricting hepatocyte-driven macrophage activation and inflammation. Immunity 2021; 54:1168-1185.e8. [PMID: 34038747 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a central role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the contribution of hepatocytes to tumor-associated inflammation is not clear. Here, we report that the zinc finger transcription factor Miz1 restricted hepatocyte-driven inflammation to suppress HCC, independently of its transcriptional activity. Miz1 was downregulated in HCC mouse models and a substantial fraction of HCC patients. Hepatocyte-specific Miz1 deletion in mice generated a distinct sub-group of hepatocytes that produced pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which skewed the polarization of the tumor-infiltrating macrophages toward pro-inflammatory phenotypes to promote HCC. Mechanistically, Miz1 sequestrated the oncoprotein metadherin (MTDH), preventing MTDH from promoting transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. A distinct sub-group of pro-inflammatory cytokine-producing hepatocytes was also seen in a subset of HCC patients. In addition, Miz1 expression inversely correated with disease recurrence and poor prognosis in HCC patients. Our findings identify Miz1 as a tumor suppressor that prevents hepatocytes from driving inflammation in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guangyan Zhangyuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kangpeng Jin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haiyuan Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liansheng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Xiang Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haitian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruyi Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yin Yin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guisheng Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Anning Lin
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute of Modern Biology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 20018, China.
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu Province, China; Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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22
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Duffy MJ, O'Grady S, Tang M, Crown J. MYC as a target for cancer treatment. Cancer Treat Rev 2021; 94:102154. [PMID: 33524794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2021.102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MYC gene which consists of 3 paralogs, C-MYC, N-MYC and L-MYC, is one of the most frequently deregulated driver genes in human cancer. Because of its high prevalence of deregulation and its causal role in cancer formation, maintenance and progression, targeting MYC is theoretically an attractive strategy for treating cancer. As a potential anticancer target, MYC was traditionally regarded as undruggable due to the absence of a suitable pocket for high-affinity binding by low molecular weight inhibitors. In recent years however, several compounds that directly or indirectly inhibit MYC have been shown to have anticancer activity in preclinical tumor models. Amongst the most detailed investigated strategies for targeting MYC are inhibition of its binding to its obligate interaction partner MAX, prevention of MYC expression and blocking of genes exhibiting synthetic lethality with overexpression of MYC. One of the most extensively investigated MYC inhibitors is a peptide/mini-protein known as OmoMYC. OmoMYC, which acts by blocking the binding of all 3 forms of MYC to their target promoters, has been shown to exhibit anticancer activity in a diverse range of preclinical models, with minimal side effects. Based on its broad efficacy and limited toxicity, OmoMYC is currently being developed for evaluation in clinical trials. Although no compound directly targeting MYC has yet progressed to clinical testing, APTO-253, which partly acts by decreasing expression of MYC, is currently undergoing a phase I clinical trial in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Duffy
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; UCD Clinical Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Shane O'Grady
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Minhong Tang
- UCD School of Medicine, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John Crown
- Department of Medical Oncology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
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23
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Madden SK, de Araujo AD, Gerhardt M, Fairlie DP, Mason JM. Taking the Myc out of cancer: toward therapeutic strategies to directly inhibit c-Myc. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:3. [PMID: 33397405 PMCID: PMC7780693 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
c-Myc is a transcription factor that is constitutively and aberrantly expressed in over 70% of human cancers. Its direct inhibition has been shown to trigger rapid tumor regression in mice with only mild and fully reversible side effects, suggesting this to be a viable therapeutic strategy. Here we reassess the challenges of directly targeting c-Myc, evaluate lessons learned from current inhibitors, and explore how future strategies such as miniaturisation of Omomyc and targeting E-box binding could facilitate translation of c-Myc inhibitors into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Madden
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Aline Dantas de Araujo
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC 1066 Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mara Gerhardt
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology and ARC 1066 Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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24
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Vafaee R, Nikzamir A, Razzaghi M, Rezaei Tavirani S, Ahmadzadeh A, Emamhadi M. An Investigation of Post-radiation Gene Expression Profiles: A System Biology Study. J Lasers Med Sci 2020; 11:S101-S106. [PMID: 33995977 PMCID: PMC7956041 DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2020.s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Genomics and bioinformatics are useful methods for exploring unclear aspects of radiation effects on biological systems. Many radiation-induced alterations in irradiated samples are post-radiation time-dependent. This study aims to evaluate the post-irradiation effects of the gamma ray on human Jurkat cells. Methods: Gene expression profiles of the samples harvested 6 and 24 hours after radiation to find the critical differential expressed genes and the related pathways. Samples are provided from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed by ClueGO. Results: Twnety-nine critical genes were determined as the important affected genes and 7 classes of related pathways were introduced. CCNE2, PSMD11, CDC25C, ANAPC1, PLK1, AURKA, and CCNB1 that were associated with more than 6 pathways were related to one of the determined pathway groups. Conclusion: Cell protecting pathways were associated with the genes (HSPA5, HSPA8, HSP90B1, HMMR, CEBPB, RXRA, and PSMD11) which were related to the minimum numbers of pathways. The finding of this study corresponds to repair processes which depend on post-radiation time. It seems these sets of genes are suitable candidates for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Vafaee
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Nikzamir
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohhamadreza Razzaghi
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Rezaei Tavirani
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ahmadzadeh
- Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - MohammadAli Emamhadi
- Forensic Medicine Specialist, Forensic Medicine Department, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
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25
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MYC in Brain Development and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207742. [PMID: 33092025 PMCID: PMC7588885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC family of transcriptional regulators play significant roles in animal development, including the renewal and maintenance of stem cells. Not surprisingly, given MYC's capacity to promote programs of proliferative cell growth, MYC is frequently upregulated in cancer. Although members of the MYC family are upregulated in nervous system tumours, the mechanisms of how elevated MYC promotes stem cell-driven brain cancers is unknown. If we are to determine how increased MYC might contribute to brain cancer progression, we will require a more complete understanding of MYC's roles during normal brain development. Here, we evaluate evidence for MYC family functions in neural stem cell fate and brain development, with a view to better understand mechanisms of MYC-driven neural malignancies.
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26
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Liu J, Zuo Z, Zou M, Finkel T, Liu S. Identification of the transcription factor Miz1 as an essential regulator of diphthamide biosynthesis using a CRISPR-mediated genome-wide screen. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009068. [PMID: 33057331 PMCID: PMC7591051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diphthamide is a unique post-translationally modified histidine residue (His715 in all mammals) found only in eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF-2). The biosynthesis of diphthamide represents one of the most complex modifications, executed by protein factors conserved from yeast to humans. Diphthamide is not only essential for normal physiology (such as ensuring fidelity of mRNA translation), but is also exploited by bacterial ADP-ribosylating toxins (e.g., diphtheria toxin) as their molecular target in pathogenesis. Taking advantage of the observation that cells defective in diphthamide biosynthesis are resistant to ADP-ribosylating toxins, in the past four decades, seven essential genes (Dph1 to Dph7) have been identified for diphthamide biosynthesis. These technically unsaturated screens raise the question as to whether additional genes are required for diphthamide biosynthesis. In this study, we performed two independent, saturating, genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens in human cells. These screens identified all previously known Dph genes, as well as further identifying the BTB/POZ domain-containing transcription factor Miz1. We found that Miz1 is absolutely required for diphthamide biosynthesis via its role in the transcriptional regulation of Dph1 expression. Mechanistically, Miz1 binds to the Dph1 proximal promoter via an evolutionarily conserved consensus binding site to activate Dph1 transcription. Therefore, this work demonstrates that Dph1-7, along with the newly identified Miz1 transcription factor, are likely to represent the essential protein factors required for diphthamide modification on eEF2. Diphthamide is a unique post-translationally modified histidine residue (His699 in yeast, His715 in all mammals) found only in eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF-2). Mice that are deficient in diphthamide biosynthesis are embryonic lethal, attesting to the importance of diphthamide in normal physiology. It has taken four decades to identify the seven non-redundant genes in diphthamide biosynthesis, but whether additional factors are required and how the pathway is regulated remained elusive. To address these issues, we performed two saturating, independent, and unbiased genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens. The screens concluded independently that Dph1-Dph7 and additionally transcription factor Miz1 are the key factors required for diphthamide biosynthesis. Mechanistically, Miz1 binds to the Dph1 proximal promoter via an evolutionarily conserved consensus binding site to activate Dph1 transcription. While diphthamide biosynthesis machinery (Dph1-Dph7) exists across eukaryotes, Miz1 orthologues do not exist in lower species such as yeast, C. elegans, and Drosophila, indicating that the regulation of diphthamide modification by Miz1 emerged much later in evolution. The work opens a new avenue for understanding the role that diphthamide modification plays in normal physiology and bacterial toxin pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Aging Institute of University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Zehua Zuo
- Aging Institute of University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Meijuan Zou
- Aging Institute of University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging Institute of University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Shihui Liu
- Aging Institute of University of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Liang J, Xia L, Oyang L, Lin J, Tan S, Yi P, Han Y, Luo X, Wang H, Tang L, Pan Q, Tian Y, Rao S, Su M, Shi Y, Cao D, Zhou Y, Liao Q. The functions and mechanisms of prefoldin complex and prefoldin-subunits. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:87. [PMID: 32699605 PMCID: PMC7370476 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins. Prefoldin plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease). The important role of prefoldin in emerging fields (such as nanoparticles, biomaterials) and tumors has attracted widespread attention. Also, each of the prefoldin subunits has different and independent functions from the prefoldin complex. It has abnormal expression in different tumors and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development, especially c-Myc binding protein MM-1. MM-1 can inhibit the activity of c-Myc through various mechanisms to regulate tumor growth. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the complex functions of prefoldin and their subunits is helpful to understand the mechanisms of protein misfolding and the pathogenesis of diseases caused by misfolded aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Longzheng Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Linda Oyang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Jinguan Lin
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Shiming Tan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Pin Yi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yaqian Han
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Xia Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Lu Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Qing Pan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Yutong Tian
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Shan Rao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Min Su
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Yingrui Shi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
- Department of Medical Microbiology Immunology & Cell Biology, Simmons Cancer Institute, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, 913 N. Rutledge Street, Springfield, IL 62794 USA
| | - Yujuan Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Translational Radiation Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013 Hunan China
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28
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Toboso-Navasa A, Gunawan A, Morlino G, Nakagawa R, Taddei A, Damry D, Patel Y, Chakravarty P, Janz M, Kassiotis G, Brink R, Eilers M, Calado DP. Restriction of memory B cell differentiation at the germinal center B cell positive selection stage. J Exp Med 2020; 217:e20191933. [PMID: 32407433 PMCID: PMC7336312 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are key for protection from reinfection. However, it is mechanistically unclear how germinal center (GC) B cells differentiate into MBCs. MYC is transiently induced in cells fated for GC expansion and plasma cell (PC) formation, so-called positively selected GC B cells. We found that these cells coexpressed MYC and MIZ1 (MYC-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 [ZBTB17]). MYC and MIZ1 are transcriptional activators; however, they form a transcriptional repressor complex that represses MIZ1 target genes. Mice lacking MYC-MIZ1 complexes displayed impaired cell cycle entry of positively selected GC B cells and reduced GC B cell expansion and PC formation. Notably, absence of MYC-MIZ1 complexes in positively selected GC B cells led to a gene expression profile alike that of MBCs and increased MBC differentiation. Thus, at the GC positive selection stage, MYC-MIZ1 complexes are required for effective GC expansion and PC formation and to restrict MBC differentiation. We propose that MYC and MIZ1 form a module that regulates GC B cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arief Gunawan
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Giulia Morlino
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Andrea Taddei
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Djamil Damry
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Yash Patel
- Retroviral Immunology, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Martin Janz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Robert Brink
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dinis Pedro Calado
- Immunity and Cancer, Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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29
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Blaževitš O, Bolshette N, Vecchio D, Guijarro A, Croci O, Campaner S, Grimaldi B. MYC-Associated Factor MAX is a Regulator of the Circadian Clock. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2294. [PMID: 32225100 PMCID: PMC7177918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian transcriptional network is based on a competition between transcriptional activator and repressor complexes regulating the rhythmic expression of clock-controlled genes. We show here that the MYC-associated factor X, MAX, plays a repressive role in this network and operates through a MYC-independent binding to E-box-containing regulatory regions within the promoters of circadian BMAL1 targets. We further show that this "clock" function of MAX is required for maintaining a proper circadian rhythm and that MAX and BMAL1 contribute to two temporally alternating transcriptional complexes on clock-regulated promoters. We also identified MAX network transcriptional repressor, MNT, as a fundamental partner of MAX-mediated circadian regulation. Collectively, our data indicate that MAX regulates clock gene expression and contributes to keeping the balance between positive and negative elements of the molecular clock machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Blaževitš
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16135 Genoa, Italy; (O.B.); (N.B.); (D.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16135 Genoa, Italy; (O.B.); (N.B.); (D.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Donatella Vecchio
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16135 Genoa, Italy; (O.B.); (N.B.); (D.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Ana Guijarro
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16135 Genoa, Italy; (O.B.); (N.B.); (D.V.); (A.G.)
| | - Ottavio Croci
- Center for Genomic Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Campaner
- Center for Genomic Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 20139 Milan, Italy; (O.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Benedetto Grimaldi
- Molecular Medicine Research Line, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16135 Genoa, Italy; (O.B.); (N.B.); (D.V.); (A.G.)
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Omomyc Reveals New Mechanisms To Inhibit the MYC Oncogene. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00248-19. [PMID: 31501275 PMCID: PMC6817756 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00248-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC oncogene is upregulated in human cancers by translocation, amplification, and mutation of cellular pathways that regulate Myc. Myc/Max heterodimers bind to E box sequences in the promoter regions of genes and activate transcription. The MYC oncogene is upregulated in human cancers by translocation, amplification, and mutation of cellular pathways that regulate Myc. Myc/Max heterodimers bind to E box sequences in the promoter regions of genes and activate transcription. The MYC inhibitor Omomyc can reduce the ability of MYC to bind specific box sequences in promoters of MYC target genes by binding directly to E box sequences as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP). Here, we demonstrate by both a proximity ligation assay (PLA) and double chromatin immunoprecipitation (ReCHIP) that Omomyc preferentially binds to Max, not Myc, to mediate inhibition of MYC-mediated transcription by replacing MYC/MAX heterodimers with Omomyc/MAX heterodimers. The formation of Myc/Max and Omomyc/Max heterodimers occurs cotranslationally; Myc, Max, and Omomyc can interact with ribosomes and Max RNA under conditions in which ribosomes are intact. Taken together, our data suggest that the mechanism of action of Omomyc is to bind DNA as either a homodimer or a heterodimer with Max that is formed cotranslationally, revealing a novel mechanism to inhibit the MYC oncogene. We find that in vivo, Omomyc distributes quickly to kidneys and liver and has a short effective half-life in plasma, which could limit its use in vivo.
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Rand TA, Sutou K, Tanabe K, Jeong D, Nomura M, Kitaoka F, Tomoda E, Narita M, Nakamura M, Nakamura M, Watanabe A, Rulifson E, Yamanaka S, Takahashi K. MYC Releases Early Reprogrammed Human Cells from Proliferation Pause via Retinoblastoma Protein Inhibition. Cell Rep 2019; 23:361-375. [PMID: 29641997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that MYC rescues early human cells undergoing reprogramming from a proliferation pause induced by OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4 (OSK). We identified ESRG as a marker of early reprogramming cells that is expressed as early as day 3 after OSK induction. On day 4, ESRG positive (+) cells converted to a TRA-1-60 (+) intermediate state. These early ESRG (+) or TRA-1-60 (+) cells showed a proliferation pause due to increased p16INK4A and p21 and decreased endogenous MYC caused by OSK. Exogenous MYC did not enhance the appearance of initial reprogramming cells but instead reactivated their proliferation and improved reprogramming efficiency. MYC increased expression of LIN41, which potently suppressed p21 post-transcriptionally. MYC suppressed p16 INK4A. These changes inactivated retinoblastoma protein (RB) and reactivated proliferation. The RB-regulated proliferation pause does not occur in immortalized fibroblasts, leading to high reprogramming efficiency even without exogenous MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A Rand
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenta Sutou
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tanabe
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daeun Jeong
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kitaoka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Emi Tomoda
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Megumi Narita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakamura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eric Rulifson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Abdel-Azim H, Sun W, Wu L. Strategies to generate functionally normal neutrophils to reduce infection and infection-related mortality in cancer chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107403. [PMID: 31470030 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils form an essential part of innate immunity against infection. Cancer chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CCIN) is a condition in which the number of neutrophils in a patient's bloodstream is decreased, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) has been the only approved treatment for CCIN over two decades. To date, CCIN-related infection and mortality remain a significant concern, as neutrophils generated in response to administered GCSF are functionally immature and cannot effectively fight infection. This review summarizes the molecular regulatory mechanisms of neutrophil granulocytic differentiation and innate immunity development, dissects the biology of GCSF in myeloid expansion, highlights the shortcomings of GCSF in CCIN treatment, updates the recent advance of a selective retinoid agonist that promotes neutrophil granulocytic differentiation, and evaluates the benefits of developing GCSF biosimilars to increase access to GCSF biologics versus seeking a new mode to fundamentally advance GCSF therapy for treatment of CCIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's Hospital Los Angeles Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Weili Sun
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lingtao Wu
- Research and Development, Therapeutic Approaches, 2712 San Gabriel Boulevard, Rosemead, CA 91770, USA.
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Ross J, Rashkovan M, Fraszczak J, Joly-Beauparlant C, Vadnais C, Winkler R, Droit A, Kosan C, Möröy T. Deletion of the Miz-1 POZ Domain Increases Efficacy of Cytarabine Treatment in T- and B-ALL/Lymphoma Mouse Models. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4184-4195. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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García-Gutiérrez L, Delgado MD, León J. MYC Oncogene Contributions to Release of Cell Cycle Brakes. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E244. [PMID: 30909496 PMCID: PMC6470592 DOI: 10.3390/genes10030244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Promotion of the cell cycle is a major oncogenic mechanism of the oncogene c-MYC (MYC). MYC promotes the cell cycle by not only activating or inducing cyclins and CDKs but also through the downregulation or the impairment of the activity of a set of proteins that act as cell-cycle brakes. This review is focused on the role of MYC as a cell-cycle brake releaser i.e., how MYC stimulates the cell cycle mainly through the functional inactivation of cell cycle inhibitors. MYC antagonizes the activities and/or the expression levels of p15, ARF, p21, and p27. The mechanism involved differs for each protein. p15 (encoded by CDKN2B) and p21 (CDKN1A) are repressed by MYC at the transcriptional level. In contrast, MYC activates ARF, which contributes to the apoptosis induced by high MYC levels. At least in some cells types, MYC inhibits the transcription of the p27 gene (CDKN1B) but also enhances p27's degradation through the upregulation of components of ubiquitin ligases complexes. The effect of MYC on cell-cycle brakes also opens the possibility of antitumoral therapies based on synthetic lethal interactions involving MYC and CDKs, for which a series of inhibitors are being developed and tested in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
- Current address: Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - María Dolores Delgado
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Department of Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain.
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Tu WB, Shiah YJ, Lourenco C, Mullen PJ, Dingar D, Redel C, Tamachi A, Ba-Alawi W, Aman A, Al-Awar R, Cescon DW, Haibe-Kains B, Arrowsmith CH, Raught B, Boutros PC, Penn LZ. MYC Interacts with the G9a Histone Methyltransferase to Drive Transcriptional Repression and Tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell 2018; 34:579-595.e8. [PMID: 30300580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MYC is an oncogenic driver that regulates transcriptional activation and repression. Surprisingly, mechanisms by which MYC promotes malignant transformation remain unclear. We demonstrate that MYC interacts with the G9a H3K9-methyltransferase complex to control transcriptional repression. Inhibiting G9a hinders MYC chromatin binding at MYC-repressed genes and de-represses gene expression. By identifying the MYC box II region as essential for MYC-G9a interaction, a long-standing missing link between MYC transformation and gene repression is unveiled. Across breast cancer cell lines, the anti-proliferative response to G9a pharmacological inhibition correlates with MYC sensitivity and gene signatures. Consistently, genetically depleting G9a in vivo suppresses MYC-dependent tumor growth. These findings unveil G9a as an epigenetic regulator of MYC transcriptional repression and a therapeutic vulnerability in MYC-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Tu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Yu-Jia Shiah
- Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Corey Lourenco
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Peter J Mullen
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | | | - Cornelia Redel
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Aaliya Tamachi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Wail Ba-Alawi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Ahmed Aman
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
| | - Rima Al-Awar
- Drug Discovery Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Structural Genomics Consortium, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Informatics and Biocomputing Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Linda Z Penn
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
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36
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Sammak S, Allen MD, Hamdani N, Bycroft M, Zinzalla G. The structure of INI1/hSNF5 RPT1 and its interactions with the c-MYC:MAX heterodimer provide insights into the interplay between MYC and the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. FEBS J 2018; 285:4165-4180. [PMID: 30222246 PMCID: PMC6398391 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
c‐MYC and the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex act as master regulators of transcription, and play a key role in human cancer. Although they are known to interact, the molecular details of their interaction are lacking. We have determined the structure of the RPT1 region of the INI1/hSNF5/BAF47/SMARCB1 subunit of the SWI/SNF complex that acts as a c‐MYC‐binding domain, and have localized the interaction regions on both INI1 and on the c‐MYC:MAX heterodimer. c‐MYC interacts with a highly conserved groove on INI1, while INI1 binds to the c‐MYC helix‐loop‐helix region. The binding site overlaps with the c‐MYC DNA‐binding region, and we show that binding of INI1 and E‐box DNA to c‐MYC:MAX are mutually exclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Sammak
- Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark D Allen
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Najoua Hamdani
- Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Bycroft
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Giovanna Zinzalla
- Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC) Department, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Caforio M, Sorino C, Iacovelli S, Fanciulli M, Locatelli F, Folgiero V. Recent advances in searching c-Myc transcriptional cofactors during tumorigenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:239. [PMID: 30261904 PMCID: PMC6161371 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background The mechanism by which c-Myc exerts its oncogenic functions is not completely clear and different hypotheses are still under investigation. The knowledge of the capacity of c-Myc to bind exclusively E-box sequences determined the discrepancy between, on the one hand, genomic studies showing the binding of c-Myc to all active promoters and, on the other hand, the evidence that only 60% or less of the binding sites have E-box sequences. Main body In this review, we provide support to the hypothesis that the cooperation of c-Myc with transcriptional cofactors mediates c-Myc-induced cellular functions. We produce evidence that recently identified cofactors are involved in c-Myc control of survival mechanisms of cancer cells. Conclusion The identification of new c-Myc cofactors could favor the development of therapeutic strategies able to compensate the difficulty of targeting c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Caforio
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Sorino
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Iacovelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU, Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics, and Technological Innovation, Translational Research Area, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146, Rome, Italy.,Department of Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and of Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00146, Rome, Italy.
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Colineau L, Lambertz U, Fornes O, Wasserman WW, Reiner NE. c-Myc is a novel Leishmania virulence factor by proxy that targets the host miRNA system and is essential for survival in human macrophages. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:12805-12819. [PMID: 29934305 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania species are intracellular protozoan pathogens that have evolved to successfully infect and deactivate host macrophages. How this deactivation is brought about is not completely understood. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as ubiquitous regulators of macrophage gene expression that contribute to shaping the immune responses to intracellular pathogens. Conversely, several pathogens have evolved the ability to exploit host miRNA expression to manipulate host-cell phenotype. However, very little is known about the mechanisms used by intracellular pathogens to drive changes in host-cell miRNA abundance. Using miRNA expression profiling of Leishmania donovani-infected human macrophages, we show here that Leishmania infection induced a genome-wide down-regulation of host miRNAs. This repression occurred at the level of miRNA gene transcription, because the synthesis rates of primary miRNAs were significantly decreased in infected cells. miRNA repression depended on the host macrophage transcription factor c-Myc. Indeed, the expression of host c-Myc was markedly up-regulated by Leishmania infection, and c-Myc silencing reversed the miRNA suppression. Furthermore, c-Myc silencing significantly reduced intracellular survival of Leishmania, demonstrating that c-Myc is essential for Leishmania pathogenesis. Taken together, these findings identify c-Myc not only as being responsible for miRNA repression in Leishmania-infected macrophages but also as a novel and essential virulence factor by proxy that promotes Leishmania survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Colineau
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9
| | - Ulrike Lambertz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9
| | - Oriol Fornes
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Wyeth W Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 3J5, Canada
| | - Neil E Reiner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9.
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Wang Z, Yang B, Zhang M, Guo W, Wu Z, Wang Y, Jia L, Li S, Xie W, Yang D. lncRNA Epigenetic Landscape Analysis Identifies EPIC1 as an Oncogenic lncRNA that Interacts with MYC and Promotes Cell-Cycle Progression in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2018; 33:706-720.e9. [PMID: 29622465 PMCID: PMC6143179 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We characterized the epigenetic landscape of genes encoding long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) across 6,475 tumors and 455 cancer cell lines. In stark contrast to the CpG island hypermethylation phenotype in cancer, we observed a recurrent hypomethylation of 1,006 lncRNA genes in cancer, including EPIC1 (epigenetically-induced lncRNA1). Overexpression of EPIC1 is associated with poor prognosis in luminal B breast cancer patients and enhances tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, EPIC1 promotes cell-cycle progression by interacting with MYC through EPIC1's 129-283 nt region. EPIC1 knockdown reduces the occupancy of MYC to its target genes (e.g., CDKN1A, CCNA2, CDC20, and CDC45). MYC depletion abolishes EPIC1's regulation of MYC target and luminal breast cancer tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Min Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Wu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Wen Xie
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Da Yang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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40
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Sun YM, Wang J, Xu YJ, Wang XH, Yuan F, Liu H, Li RG, Zhang M, Li YJ, Shi HY, Zhao L, Qiu XB, Qu XK, Yang YQ. ZBTB17 loss-of-function mutation contributes to familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Heart Vessels 2018; 33:722-732. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-1110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Rickman DS, Schulte JH, Eilers M. The Expanding World of N-MYC–Driven Tumors. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:150-163. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fuhrmann D, Elsässer HP. Schwann cell Myc-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 without pox virus and zinc finger: epigenetic implications in a peripheral neuropathy. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1534-1537. [PMID: 30127108 PMCID: PMC6126141 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Functionality of adult peripheral nerves essentially relies on differentiation of Schwann cells during postnatal development, as well as fine-tuned re- and transdifferentiation in response to peripheral nerve injury. Epigenetic histone modifications play a major role during the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and diverse organ specific progenitor cells, yet only little is known about the epigenetic regulation of Schwann cells. Just recently, Fuhrmann et al. reported how the transcription factor Myc-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 (Miz1) might contribute to Schwann cell differentiation through repression of the histone demethylase Kdm8. Here, we discuss the potential novel role of Miz1 in Schwann cell differentiation and give a short overview about previously reported histone modifications underlying peripheral nerve development and response to injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fuhrmann
- Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathobiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Elsässer
- Department of Cytobiology and Cytopathobiology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Miz1 Controls Schwann Cell Proliferation via H3K36 me2 Demethylase Kdm8 to Prevent Peripheral Nerve Demyelination. J Neurosci 2017; 38:858-877. [PMID: 29217679 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0843-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cell differentiation and myelination depends on chromatin remodeling, histone acetylation, and methylation, which all affect Schwann cell proliferation. We previously reported that the deletion of the POZ (POxvirus and Zinc finger) domain of the transcription factor Miz1 (Myc-interacting zinc finger protein; encoded by Zbtb17) in mouse Schwann cells (Miz1ΔPOZ) causes a neuropathy at 90 d after birth [postnatal day (P) 90], with a subsequent spontaneous regeneration. Here we show that RNA sequencing from Miz1ΔPOZ and control animals at P30 revealed a set of upregulated genes with a strong correlation to cell-cycle regulation. Consistently, a subset of Schwann cells did not exit the cell cycle as observed in control animals and the growth fraction increased over time. From the RNAseq gene list, two direct Miz1 target genes were identified, one of which encodes the histone H3K36me2 demethylase Kdm8. We show that the expression of Kdm8 is repressed by Miz1 and that its release in Miz1ΔPOZ cells induces a decrease of H3K36me2, especially in deregulated cell-cycle-related genes. The linkage between elevated Kdm8 expression, hypomethylation of H3K36 at cell-cycle-relevant genes, and the subsequent re-entering of adult Schwann cells into the cell cycle suggests that the release of Kdm8 repression in the absence of a functional Miz1 is a central issue in the development of the Miz1ΔPOZ phenotype.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The deletion of the Miz1 (Myc-interacting zinc finger protein 1) POZ (POxvirus and Zinc finger) domain in Schwann cells causes a neuropathy. Here we report sustained Schwann cell proliferation caused by an increased expression of the direct Miz1 target gene Kdm8, encoding a H3K36me2 demethylase. Hence, the demethylation of H3K36 is linked to the pathogenesis of a neuropathy.
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Kerosuo L, Bronner ME. cMyc Regulates the Size of the Premigratory Neural Crest Stem Cell Pool. Cell Rep 2017; 17:2648-2659. [PMID: 27926868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural crest is a transient embryonic population that originates within the central nervous system (CNS) and then migrates into the periphery and differentiates into multiple cell types. The mechanisms that govern neural crest stem-like characteristics and self-renewal ability are poorly understood. Here, we show that the proto-oncogene cMyc is a critical factor in the chick dorsal neural tube, where it regulates the size of the premigratory neural crest stem cell pool. Loss of cMyc dramatically decreases the number of emigrating neural crest cells due to reduced self-renewal capacity, increased cell death, and shorter duration of the emigration process. Interestingly, rather than via E-Box binding, cMyc acts in the dorsal neural tube by interacting with another transcription factor, Miz1, to promote self-renewal. The finding that cMyc operates in a non-canonical manner in the premigratory neural crest highlights the importance of examining its role at specific time points and in an in vivo context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kerosuo
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Liu L, Lai YJ, Zhao LG, Chen GJ. Increased expression of Myc-interacting zinc finger protein 1 in APP/PS1 mice. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5751-5756. [PMID: 29285117 PMCID: PMC5740591 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc-interacting zinc-finger protein 1 (Miz1) is a member of the poxvirus and zinc-finger domain/zinc finger transcription factor family. Its transcription activation and repression functions in the nucleus are well elucidated; however its cytoplasmic inflammation function is poorly understood and may be associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between AD and Miz1 expression. In the present study, the expression and distribution of Miz1 in wild-type (WT) and amyloid precursor protein/presenelin-1 (AD) mice was studied using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining. The results indicated that Miz1 was significantly upregulated in the cortex of AD mice (P<0.05). Double immunofluorescence labeling revealed that Miz1 protein was predominantly expressed in neurons and astrocytes, as evidenced by co-localization with the dendritic markers microtubule associated protein 2 and glial fibrillary acidic protein, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that the expression of Miz1 in the brain tissue of AD mice may serve an important role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Jie Lai
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ge Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurology, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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RLIM suppresses hepatocellular carcinogenesis by up-regulating p15 and p21. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83075-83087. [PMID: 29137325 PMCID: PMC5669951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinogenesis results from dysregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that influence cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. p15 and p21 are cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, which arrest cell proliferation and serve as critical tumor suppressors. Here we report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase RLIM expression is downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and correlated with p15 and p21 expression in clinical progression. In addition, we showed that RLIM overexpression suppresses the cell growth and arrests cell cycle progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Mechanistically, we found that RLIM directly binds to MIZ1, disrupting the interaction between c-MYC and MIZ1, and enhancing p15 and p21 transcription. Our results demonstrate that RLIM is an important suppressor in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
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Poole CJ, Zheng W, Lodh A, Yevtodiyenko A, Liefwalker D, Li H, Felsher DW, van Riggelen J. DNMT3B overexpression contributes to aberrant DNA methylation and MYC-driven tumor maintenance in T-ALL and Burkitt's lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76898-76920. [PMID: 29100357 PMCID: PMC5652751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is a hallmark of cancer. However, our understanding of how tumor cell-specific DNA methylation patterns are established and maintained is limited. Here, we report that in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and Burkitt's lymphoma the MYC oncogene causes overexpression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 1 and 3B, which contributes to tumor maintenance. By utilizing a tetracycline-regulated MYC transgene in a mouse T-ALL (EμSRα-tTA;tet-o-MYC) and human Burkitt's lymphoma (P493-6) model, we demonstrated that DNMT1 and DNMT3B expression depend on high MYC levels, and that their transcription decreased upon MYC-inactivation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation indicated that MYC binds to the DNMT1 and DNMT3B promoters, implicating a direct transcriptional regulation. Hence, shRNA-mediated knock-down of endogenous MYC in human T-ALL and Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines downregulated DNMT3B expression. Knock-down and pharmacologic inhibition of DNMT3B in T-ALL reduced cell proliferation associated with genome-wide changes in DNA methylation, indicating a tumor promoter function during tumor maintenance. We provide novel evidence that MYC directly deregulates the expression of both de novo and maintenance DNMTs, showing that MYC controls DNA methylation in a genome-wide fashion. Our finding that a coordinated interplay between the components of the DNA methylating machinery contributes to MYC-driven tumor maintenance highlights the potential of specific DNMTs for targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candace J. Poole
- Augusta University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Wenli Zheng
- Augusta University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Atul Lodh
- Augusta University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Aleksey Yevtodiyenko
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Liefwalker
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Honglin Li
- Augusta University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Dean W. Felsher
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jan van Riggelen
- Augusta University, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Brägelmann J, Böhm S, Guthrie MR, Mollaoglu G, Oliver TG, Sos ML. Family matters: How MYC family oncogenes impact small cell lung cancer. Cell Cycle 2017; 16:1489-1498. [PMID: 28737478 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1339849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most deadly cancers and currently lacks effective targeted treatment options. Recent advances in the molecular characterization of SCLC has provided novel insight into the biology of this disease and raises hope for a paradigm shift in the treatment of SCLC. We and others have identified activation of MYC as a driver of susceptibility to Aurora kinase inhibition in SCLC cells and tumors that translates into a therapeutic option for the targeted treatment of MYC-driven SCLC. While MYC shares major features with its paralogs MYCN and MYCL, the sensitivity to Aurora kinase inhibitors is unique for MYC-driven SCLC. In this review, we will compare the distinct molecular features of the 3 MYC family members and address the potential implications for targeted therapy of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Brägelmann
- a Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,b Department of Translational Genomics , Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Stefanie Böhm
- a Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,b Department of Translational Genomics , Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
| | - Matthew R Guthrie
- c Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Gurkan Mollaoglu
- c Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Trudy G Oliver
- c Department of Oncological Sciences , University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Martin L Sos
- a Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,b Department of Translational Genomics , Medical Faculty, University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany.,d Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany
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MYC Modulation around the CDK2/p27/SKP2 Axis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8070174. [PMID: 28665315 PMCID: PMC5541307 DOI: 10.3390/genes8070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a pleiotropic transcription factor that controls a number of fundamental cellular processes required for the proliferation and survival of normal and malignant cells, including the cell cycle. MYC interacts with several central cell cycle regulators that control the balance between cell cycle progression and temporary or permanent cell cycle arrest (cellular senescence). Among these are the cyclin E/A/cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) complexes, the CDK inhibitor p27KIP1 (p27) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase component S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), which control each other by forming a triangular network. MYC is engaged in bidirectional crosstalk with each of these players; while MYC regulates their expression and/or activity, these factors in turn modulate MYC through protein interactions and post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and ubiquitylation, impacting on MYC's transcriptional output on genes involved in cell cycle progression and senescence. Here we elaborate on these network interactions with MYC and their impact on transcription, cell cycle, replication and stress signaling, and on the role of other players interconnected to this network, such as CDK1, the retinoblastoma protein (pRB), protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), the F-box proteins FBXW7 and FBXO28, the RAS oncoprotein and the ubiquitin/proteasome system. Finally, we describe how the MYC/CDK2/p27/SKP2 axis impacts on tumor development and discuss possible ways to interfere therapeutically with this system to improve cancer treatment.
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50
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Kumari A, Folk WP, Sakamuro D. The Dual Roles of MYC in Genomic Instability and Cancer Chemoresistance. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060158. [PMID: 28590415 PMCID: PMC5485522 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is associated with genomic instability and aging. Genomic instability stimulates tumorigenesis, whereas deregulation of oncogenes accelerates DNA replication and increases genomic instability. It is therefore reasonable to assume a positive feedback loop between genomic instability and oncogenic stress. Consistent with this premise, overexpression of the MYC transcription factor increases the phosphorylation of serine 139 in histone H2AX (member X of the core histone H2A family), which forms so-called γH2AX, the most widely recognized surrogate biomarker of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs). Paradoxically, oncogenic MYC can also promote the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin, clearly implying an antagonistic role of MYC in genomic instability. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms of the conflicting functions of MYC in genomic instability and discuss when and how the oncoprotein exerts the contradictory roles in induction of DSBs and protection of cancer-cell genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpana Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Watson P Folk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Daitoku Sakamuro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Tumor Signaling and Angiogenesis Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
- Biochemistry and Cancer Biology Program, The Graduate School, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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