1
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Brown JA, Faley SL, Judge M, Ward P, Ihrie RA, Carson R, Armstrong L, Sahin M, Wikswo JP, Ess KC, Neely MD. Rescue of impaired blood-brain barrier in tuberous sclerosis complex patient derived neurovascular unit. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:27. [PMID: 38783199 PMCID: PMC11112784 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disease that causes benign tumors in the brain and other vital organs. The most debilitating symptoms result from involvement of the central nervous system and lead to a multitude of severe symptoms including seizures, intellectual disability, autism, and behavioral problems. TSC is caused by heterozygous mutations of either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene and dysregulation of mTOR kinase with its multifaceted downstream signaling alterations is central to disease pathogenesis. Although the neurological sequelae of the disease are well established, little is known about how these mutations might affect cellular components and the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). METHODS We generated TSC disease-specific cell models of the BBB by leveraging human induced pluripotent stem cell and microfluidic cell culture technologies. RESULTS Using microphysiological systems, we demonstrate that a BBB generated from TSC2 heterozygous mutant cells shows increased permeability. This can be rescued by wild type astrocytes or by treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR kinase inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate the utility of microphysiological systems to study human neurological disorders and advance our knowledge of cell lineages contributing to TSC pathogenesis and informs future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn A Brown
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Shannon L Faley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Monika Judge
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Patricia Ward
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Robert Carson
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Laura Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Rosamund Stone Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, USA.
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
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2
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Sidorov VY, Sidorova TN, Samson PC, Reiserer RS, Britt CM, Neely MD, Ess KC, Wikswo JP. Contractile and Genetic Characterization of Cardiac Constructs Engineered from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Modeling of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and the Effects of Rapamycin. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:234. [PMID: 38534508 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of three-dimensional tissue engineering concurrently with stem cell technology holds great promise for in vitro research in pharmacology and toxicology and modeling cardiac diseases, particularly for rare genetic and pediatric diseases for which animal models, immortal cell lines, and biopsy samples are unavailable. It also allows for a rapid assessment of phenotype-genotype relationships and tissue response to pharmacological manipulation. Mutations in the TSC1 and TSC2 genes lead to dysfunctional mTOR signaling and cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), a genetic disorder that affects multiple organ systems, principally the brain, heart, skin, and kidneys. Here we differentiated healthy (CC3) and tuberous sclerosis (TSP8-15) human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into cardiomyocytes to create engineered cardiac tissue constructs (ECTCs). We investigated and compared their mechano-elastic properties and gene expression and assessed the effects of rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). The TSP8-15 ECTCs had increased chronotropy compared to healthy ECTCs. Rapamycin induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects (i.e., increased contractility and beating frequency, respectively) in the CC3 ECTCs but did not cause significant changes in the TSP8-15 ECTCs. A differential gene expression analysis revealed 926 up- and 439 down-regulated genes in the TSP8-15 ECTCs compared to their healthy counterparts. The application of rapamycin initiated the differential expression of 101 and 31 genes in the CC3 and TSP8-15 ECTCs, respectively. A gene ontology analysis showed that in the CC3 ECTCs, the positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of rapamycin correlated with positively regulated biological processes, which were primarily related to the metabolism of lipids and fatty and amino acids, and with negatively regulated processes, which were predominantly associated with cell proliferation and muscle and tissue development. In conclusion, this study describes for the first time an in vitro TSC cardiac tissue model, illustrates the response of normal and TSC ECTCs to rapamycin, and provides new insights into the mechanisms of TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veniamin Y Sidorov
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Tatiana N Sidorova
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Philip C Samson
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Ronald S Reiserer
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Clayton M Britt
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - M Diana Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John P Wikswo
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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3
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Brown JA, Faley SL, Judge M, Ward P, Ihrie RA, Carson R, Armstrong L, Sahin M, Wikswo JP, Ess KC, Neely MD. Rescue of Impaired Blood-Brain Barrier in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Patient Derived Neurovascular Unit. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571738. [PMID: 38168450 PMCID: PMC10760190 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-system genetic disease that causes benign tumors in the brain and other vital organs. The most debilitating symptoms result from involvement of the central nervous system and lead to a multitude of severe symptoms including seizures, intellectual disability, autism, and behavioral problems. TSC is caused by heterozygous mutations of either the TSC1 or TSC2 gene. Dysregulation of mTOR kinase with its multifaceted downstream signaling alterations is central to disease pathogenesis. Although the neurological sequelae of the disease are well established, little is known about how these mutations might affect cellular components and the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We generated disease-specific cell models of the BBB by leveraging human induced pluripotent stem cell and microfluidic cell culture technologies. Using these microphysiological systems, we demonstrate that the BBB generated from TSC2 heterozygous mutant cells shows increased permeability which can be rescued by wild type astrocytes and with treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR kinase inhibitor. Our results further demonstrate the utility of microphysiological systems to study human neurological disorders and advance our knowledge of the cell lineages contributing to TSC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn A Brown
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University
| | - Shannon L Faley
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University
| | - Monika Judge
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University
| | - Patricia Ward
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Dept. of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University
- Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - Robert Carson
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | | | - Mustafa Sahin
- Rosamund Stone Translational Neuroscience Center, Dept. of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School
| | - John P Wikswo
- Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt Institute for Integrative Biosystems Research and Education, Vanderbilt University
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
| | - M Diana Neely
- Dept. of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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4
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Mojica-Perez SP, Stokes K, Jaklic DC, Jahagirdar S, Uhler M, Parent JM, Niu W. Protocol for selecting single human pluripotent stem cells using a modified micropipetter. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102629. [PMID: 37804512 PMCID: PMC10565870 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell clonal selection is a critical procedure for generating a homogeneous population of human pluripotent stem cells. Here, we present a protocol that repurposes the STRIPPER Micropipetter, normally used for in vitro fertilization, to pick single stem cells. We describe steps for tool and reagent preparation, single-cell picking, and colony passaging. We then detail procedures for amplification and analysis. Our protocol does not require cell sorting and produces homogenous clonal cultures with more than 50% survival rate. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Deng et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra P Mojica-Perez
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Human Stem Cell and Gene Editing Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kyle Stokes
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel C Jaklic
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sheetal Jahagirdar
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael Uhler
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Human Stem Cell and Gene Editing Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Human Stem Cell and Gene Editing Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Wei Niu
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; The Human Stem Cell and Gene Editing Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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5
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Mason EC, Menon S, Schneider BR, Gaskill CF, Dawson MM, Moore CM, Armstrong LC, Cho O, Richmond BW, Kropski JA, West JD, Geraghty P, Gomperts BN, Ess KC, Gally F, Majka SM. Activation of mTOR signaling in adult lung microvascular progenitor cells accelerates lung aging. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171430. [PMID: 37874650 PMCID: PMC10721153 DOI: 10.1172/jci171430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation and dysregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway are a hallmark of aging and chronic lung disease; however, the impact on microvascular progenitor cells (MVPCs), capillary angiostasis, and tissue homeostasis is unknown. While the existence of an adult lung vascular progenitor has long been hypothesized, these studies show that Abcg2 enriches for a population of angiogenic tissue-resident MVPCs present in both adult mouse and human lungs using functional, lineage, and transcriptomic analyses. These studies link human and mouse MVPC-specific mTORC1 activation to decreased stemness, angiogenic potential, and disruption of p53 and Wnt pathways, with consequent loss of alveolar-capillary structure and function. Following mTOR activation, these MVPCs adapt a unique transcriptome signature and emerge as a venous subpopulation in the angiodiverse microvascular endothelial subclusters. Thus, our findings support a significant role for mTOR in the maintenance of MVPC function and microvascular niche homeostasis as well as a cell-based mechanism driving loss of tissue structure underlying lung aging and the development of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Kochi and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India
| | - Benjamin R. Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Christa F. Gaskill
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maggie M. Dawson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Camille M. Moore
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Craig Armstrong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Okyong Cho
- Genomics and Microarray Core, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley W. Richmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James D. West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Brigitte N. Gomperts
- Translational Research, UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center; Pediatrics Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fabienne Gally
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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6
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Chalkley MBL, Mersfelder RB, Sundberg M, Armstrong LC, Sahin M, Ihrie RA, Ess KC. Non-canonical functions of a mutant TSC2 protein in mitotic division. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292086. [PMID: 37792789 PMCID: PMC10550124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a debilitating developmental disorder characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. TSC is caused by mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, which encode the hamartin/tuberin proteins respectively. These proteins function as a heterodimer that negatively regulates the mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1). TSC research has focused on the effects of mTORC1, a critical signaling hub, on regulation of diverse cell processes including metabolism, cell growth, translation, and neurogenesis. However, non-canonical functions of TSC2 are not well studied, and the potential disease-relevant biological mechanisms of mutations affecting these functions are not well understood. We observed aberrant multipolar mitotic division, a novel phenotype, in TSC2 mutant iPSCs. The multipolar phenotype is not meaningfully affected by treatment with the inhibitor rapamycin. We further observed dominant negative activity of the mutant form of TSC2 in producing the multipolar division phenotype. These data expand the knowledge of TSC2 function and pathophysiology which will be highly relevant to future treatments for patients with TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Bronwen L. Chalkley
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rachel B. Mersfelder
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Maria Sundberg
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Laura C. Armstrong
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Mustafa Sahin
- Rosamund Stone Zander Translational Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rebecca A. Ihrie
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
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7
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Bychkova E, Dorofeeva M, Levov A, Kislyakov A, Karandasheva K, Strelnikov V, Anoshkin K. Specific Features of Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3977-3996. [PMID: 37232723 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex present with cognitive, behavioral, and psychiatric impairments, such as intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders, and drug-resistant epilepsy. It has been shown that these disorders are associated with the presence of cortical tubers. Tuberous sclerosis complex results from inactivating mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, resulting in hyperactivation of the mTOR signaling pathway, which regulates cell growth, proliferation, survival, and autophagy. TSC1 and TSC2 are classified as tumor suppressor genes and function according to Knudson's two-hit hypothesis, which requires both alleles to be damaged for tumor formation. However, a second-hit mutation is a rare event in cortical tubers. This suggests that the molecular mechanism of cortical tuber formation may be more complicated and requires further research. This review highlights the issues of molecular genetics and genotype-phenotype correlations, considers histopathological characteristics and the mechanism of morphogenesis of cortical tubers, and also presents data on the relationship between these formations and the development of neurological manifestations, as well as treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Bychkova
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye Street 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova Street 1, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Dorofeeva
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Taldomskaya 2, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr Levov
- Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, 4th Dobryninsky Lane, 1/9, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Kislyakov
- Morozov Children's City Clinical Hospital, 4th Dobryninsky Lane, 1/9, 119049 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir Strelnikov
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye Street 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill Anoshkin
- Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moskvorechye Street 1, 115522 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Geben LC, Brockman AA, Chalkley MBL, Sweet SR, Gallagher JE, Scheuing AL, Simerly RB, Ess KC, Irish JM, Ihrie RA. Dephosphorylation of 4EBP1/2 Induces Prenatal Neural Stem Cell Quiescence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.14.528513. [PMID: 36824760 PMCID: PMC9948964 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.14.528513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A limiting factor in the regenerative capacity of the adult brain is the abundance and proliferative ability of neural stem cells (NSCs). Adult NSCs are derived from a subpopulation of embryonic NSCs that temporarily enter quiescence during mid-gestation and remain quiescent until postnatal reactivation. Here we present evidence that the mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates quiescence entry in embryonic NSCs of the developing forebrain. Throughout embryogenesis, two downstream effectors of mTOR, p-4EBP1/2 T37/46 and p-S6 S240/244, were mutually exclusive in NSCs, rarely occurring in the same cell. While 4EBP1/2 was phosphorylated in stem cells undergoing mitosis at the ventricular surface, S6 was phosphorylated in more differentiated cells migrating away from the ventricle. Phosphorylation of 4EBP1/2, but not S6, was responsive to quiescence induction in cultured embryonic NSCs. Further, inhibition of p-4EBP1/2, but not p-S6, was sufficient to induce quiescence. Collectively, this work offers new insight into the regulation of quiescence entry in embryonic NSCs and, thereby, correct patterning of the adult brain. These data suggest unique biological functions of specific posttranslational modifications and indicate that the preferential inhibition of such modifications may be a useful therapeutic approach in neurodevelopmental diseases where NSC numbers, proliferation, and differentiation are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Geben
- Program in Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Asa A. Brockman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | | | - Serena R. Sweet
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Julia E. Gallagher
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Alexandra L. Scheuing
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Richard B. Simerly
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN 37235, USA
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9
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Yu S, Zhu Z, Shen Q, Zhang R, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhao W, Wu X, Yu T, Zhang S, Li N, Hua J. Comparative analysis of porcine iPSCs derived from Sertoli cells and fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4531-4543. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
- College of Veterinary Medicine Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Zhenshuo Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Qiaoyan Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Juqing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Wenxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Taiyong Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Shiqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology Northwest A&F University Yangling China
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10
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Tkach JM, Philip R, Sharma A, Strecker J, Durocher D, Pelletier L. Global cellular response to chemical perturbation of PLK4 activity and abnormal centrosome number. eLife 2022; 11:73944. [PMID: 35758262 PMCID: PMC9236612 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes act as the main microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in metazoans. Centrosome number is tightly regulated by limiting centriole duplication to a single round per cell cycle. This control is achieved by multiple mechanisms, including the regulation of the protein kinase PLK4, the most upstream facilitator of centriole duplication. Altered centrosome numbers in mouse and human cells cause p53-dependent growth arrest through poorly defined mechanisms. Recent work has shown that the E3 ligase TRIM37 is required for cell cycle arrest in acentrosomal cells. To gain additional insights into this process, we undertook a series of genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screens to identify factors important for growth arrest triggered by treatment with centrinone B, a selective PLK4 inhibitor. We found that TRIM37 is a key mediator of growth arrest after partial or full PLK4 inhibition. Interestingly, PLK4 cellular mobility decreased in a dose-dependent manner after centrinone B treatment. In contrast to recent work, we found that growth arrest after PLK4 inhibition correlated better with PLK4 activity than with mitotic length or centrosome number. These data provide insights into the global response to changes in centrosome number and PLK4 activity and extend the role for TRIM37 in regulating the abundance, localization, and function of centrosome proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny M Tkach
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reuben Philip
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Amit Sharma
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan Strecker
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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11
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Wang Y, Wang H, Hu L, Chen L. Leptin Gene Protects Against Cold Stress in Antarctic Toothfish. Front Physiol 2021; 12:740806. [PMID: 34975517 PMCID: PMC8715755 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.740806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a cytokine-like peptide, predominantly biosynthesized in adipose tissue, which plays an important role in regulating food intake, energy balance and reproduction in mammals. However, how it may have been modified to enable life in the chronic cold is unclear. Here, we identified a leptin-a gene (lepa) in the cold-adapted and neutrally buoyant Antarctic toothfish Dissostichus mawsoni that encodes a polypeptide carrying four α-helices and two cysteine residues forming in-chain disulfide bonds, structures shared by most vertebrate leptins. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that mRNA levels of the leptin-a gene of D. mawsoni (DM-lepa) were highest in muscle, followed by kidney and liver; detection levels were low in the gill, brain, intestine, and ovary tissues. Compared with leptin-a genes of fishes living in warmer waters, DM-lepa underwent rapid evolution and was subjected to positive selection. Over-expression of DM-lepa in the zebrafish cell line ZFL resulted in signal accumulation in the cytoplasm and significantly increased cell proliferation both at the normal culture temperature and under cold treatment. DM-lepa over-expression also reduced apoptosis under low-temperature stress and activated the STAT3 signaling pathway, in turn upregulating the anti-apoptotic proteins bcl2l1, bcl2a, myca and mdm2 while downregulating the pro-apoptotic baxa, p53 and caspase-3. These results demonstrate that DM-lepa, through STAT3 signaling, plays a protective role in cold stress by preventing apoptotic damage. Our study reveals a new role of lepa in polar fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamin Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linghong Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Liangbiao Chen,
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12
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Korotkov A, Sim NS, Luinenburg MJ, Anink JJ, van Scheppingen J, Zimmer TS, Bongaarts A, Broekaart DWM, Mijnsbergen C, Jansen FE, Van Hecke W, Spliet WGM, van Rijen PC, Feucht M, Hainfellner JA, Kršek P, Zamecnik J, Crino PB, Kotulska K, Lagae L, Jansen AC, Kwiatkowski DJ, Jozwiak S, Curatolo P, Mühlebner A, Lee JH, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Aronica E. MicroRNA-34a activation in tuberous sclerosis complex during early brain development may lead to impaired corticogenesis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:796-811. [PMID: 33942341 PMCID: PMC8519131 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder associated with dysregulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling pathway. Neurodevelopmental disorders, frequently present in TSC, are linked to cortical tubers in the brain. We previously reported microRNA-34a (miR-34a) among the most upregulated miRs in tubers. Here, we characterised miR-34a expression in tubers with the focus on the early brain development and assessed the regulation of mTORC1 pathway and corticogenesis by miR-34a. METHODS We analysed the expression of miR-34a in resected cortical tubers (n = 37) compared with autopsy-derived control tissue (n = 27). The effect of miR-34a overexpression on corticogenesis was assessed in mice at E18. The regulation of the mTORC1 pathway and the expression of the bioinformatically predicted target genes were assessed in primary astrocyte cultures from three patients with TSC and in SH-SY5Y cells following miR-34a transfection. RESULTS The peak of miR-34a overexpression in tubers was observed during infancy, concomitant with the presence of pathological markers, particularly in giant cells and dysmorphic neurons. miR-34a was also strongly expressed in foetal TSC cortex. Overexpression of miR-34a in mouse embryos decreased the percentage of cells migrated to the cortical plate. The transfection of miR-34a mimic in TSC astrocytes negatively regulated mTORC1 and decreased the expression of the target genes RAS related (RRAS) and NOTCH1. CONCLUSIONS MicroRNA-34a is most highly overexpressed in tubers during foetal and early postnatal brain development. miR-34a can negatively regulate mTORC1; however, it may also contribute to abnormal corticogenesis in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nam Suk Sim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Mark J. Luinenburg
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jasper J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of NeuroimmunologyNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Till S. Zimmer
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Anika Bongaarts
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Diede W. M. Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Caroline Mijnsbergen
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Floor E. Jansen
- Department of Paediatric NeurologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wim Van Hecke
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Wim G. M. Spliet
- Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Peter C. van Rijen
- University Medical CenterBrain CentreRudolf Magnus Institute for NeuroscienceUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Martha Feucht
- Department of PediatricsMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Pavel Kršek
- Department of Pediatric Neurology2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Josef Zamecnik
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University HospitalPragueCzech Republic
| | - Peter B. Crino
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Katarzyna Kotulska
- Department of Neurology and EpileptologyThe Children's Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland
| | - Lieven Lagae
- Department of Development and Regeneration‐Section Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Hospitals KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Anna C. Jansen
- Pediatric Neurology UnitUniversitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Sergiusz Jozwiak
- Department of Neurology and EpileptologyThe Children's Memorial Health InstituteWarsawPoland
- Department of Child NeurologyMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland
| | - Paolo Curatolo
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry UnitSystems Medicine DepartmentTor Vergata UniversityRomeItaly
| | - Angelika Mühlebner
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeong H. Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
- SoVarGen, IncDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental EpilepsyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Chalfont Centre for EpilepsyChalfont St PeterUK
| | - Erwin A. van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Center for NeuroscienceSwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro) PathologyAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen NederlandHeemstedeThe Netherlands
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13
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Liu DC, Lee KY, Lizarazo S, Cook JK, Tsai NP. ER stress-induced modulation of neural activity and seizure susceptibility is impaired in a fragile X syndrome mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 158:105450. [PMID: 34303799 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced neuronal excitability homeostasis is commonly observed in patients with fragile X syndrome (FXS) and the animal model of FXS, the Fmr1 KO. While alterations of neuronal intrinsic excitability and synaptic activity at the steady state in FXS have been suggested to contribute to such a deficit and ultimately the increased susceptibility to seizures in FXS, it remains largely unclear whether and how the homeostatic response of neuronal excitability following extrinsic challenges is disrupted in FXS. Our previous work has shown that the acute response following induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress can reduce neural activity and seizure susceptibility. Because many signaling pathways associated with ER stress response are mediated by Fmr1, we asked whether acute ER stress-induced reduction of neural activity and seizure susceptibility are altered in FXS. Our results first revealed that acute ER stress can trigger a protein synthesis-dependent prevention of neural network synchronization in vitro and a reduction of susceptibility to kainic acid-induced seizures in vivo in wild-type but not in Fmr1 KO mice. Mechanistically, we found that acute ER stress-induced activation of murine double minute-2 (Mdm2), ubiquitination of p53, and the subsequent transient protein synthesis are all impaired in Fmr1 KO neurons. Employing a p53 inhibitor, Pifithrin-α, to mimic p53 inactivation, we were able to blunt the increase in neural network synchronization and reduce the seizure susceptibility in Fmr1 KO mice following ER stress induction. In summary, our data revealed a novel cellular defect in Fmr1 KO mice and suggest that an impaired response to common extrinsic challenges may contribute to imbalanced neuronal excitability homeostasis in FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-Chi Liu
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kwan Young Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Simon Lizarazo
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jessie K Cook
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Nien-Pei Tsai
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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14
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RHOA signaling defects result in impaired axon guidance in iPSC-derived neurons from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2589. [PMID: 33972524 PMCID: PMC8110792 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22770-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) show aberrant wiring of neuronal connections formed during development which may contribute to symptoms of TSC, such as intellectual disabilities, autism, and epilepsy. Yet models examining the molecular basis for axonal guidance defects in developing human neurons have not been developed. Here, we generate human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines from a patient with TSC and genetically engineer counterparts and isogenic controls. By differentiating hiPSCs, we show that control neurons respond to canonical guidance cues as predicted. Conversely, neurons with heterozygous loss of TSC2 exhibit reduced responses to several repulsive cues and defective axon guidance. While TSC2 is a known key negative regulator of MTOR-dependent protein synthesis, we find that TSC2 signaled through MTOR-independent RHOA in growth cones. Our results suggest that neural network connectivity defects in patients with TSC may result from defects in RHOA-mediated regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics during neuronal development. Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) show aberrant wiring of neuronal connections. Here, the authors generate iPSC-derived neurons from patients with TSC. TSC2 +/− neurons show impaired mTOR-independent RhoA signaling-mediated axon guidance.
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15
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Abdelwahab EMM, Bovari-Biri J, Smuk G, Fillinger J, McPhail D, Krymskaya VP, Pongracz JE. Activated p53 in the anti-apoptotic milieu of tuberous sclerosis gene mutation induced diseases leads to cell death if thioredoxin reductase is inhibited. Apoptosis 2021; 26:253-260. [PMID: 33860865 PMCID: PMC8197715 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01670-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis, angiomyolipoma and lymphangioleiomyomatosis are a group of diseases characterized by mutation in tuberous sclerosis genes (TSC 1-2). TSC mutation leads to continuous activation of the mTOR pathway that requires adaptation to increased ATP requirement. With limited treatment options, there is an increasing demand to identify novel therapeutic targets and to understand the correlations between mTOR pathway activation and the lack of cell death in the presence of TSC mutation. In the current study, we demonstrate deregulation of p53 controlled and mitochondria associated cell death processes. The study also reveals that treatment of TSC mutant cells with the drug candidate Proxison combined with reduced concentration of rapamycin can increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), can modify miRNA expression pattern associated with p53 regulation and can reduce cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- ElHusseiny M M Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str., Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Judit Bovari-Biri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str., Pecs, 7624, Hungary
| | - Gabor Smuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - Janos Fillinger
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Vera P Krymskaya
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Judit E Pongracz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 20 Ifjusag Str., Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 2 Rokus Str, Pecs, 7624, Hungary.
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16
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Luo YD, Fang L, Yu HQ, Zhang J, Lin XT, Liu XY, Wu D, Li GX, Huang D, Zhang YJ, Chen S, Jiang Y, Shuai L, He Y, Zhang LD, Bie P, Xie CM. p53 haploinsufficiency and increased mTOR signalling define a subset of aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2021; 74:96-108. [PMID: 32738450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS p53 mutations occur frequently in human HCC. Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is also associated with HCC. However, it is still unknown whether these changes together initiate HCC and can be targeted as a potential therapeutic strategy. METHODS We generated mouse models in which mTOR was hyperactivated by loss of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) with or without p53 haplodeficiency. Primary cells were isolated from mouse livers. Oncogenic signalling was assessed in vitro and in vivo, with or without targeted inhibition of a single molecule or multiple molecules. Transcriptional profiling was used to identify biomarkers predictive of HCC. Human HCC materials were used to corroborate the findings from mouse models. RESULTS p53 haploinsufficiency facilitates mTOR signalling via the PTEN/PI3K/Akt axis, promoting HCC tumorigenesis and lung metastasis. Inhibition of PI3K/Akt reduced mTOR activity, which effectively enhanced the anticancer effort of an mTOR inhibitor. ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 4 (Abcc4) was found to be responsible for p53 haploinsufficiency- and Tsc1 loss-driven HCC tumorigenesis. Moreover, in clinical HCC samples, Abcc4 was specifically identified an aggressive subtype. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin significantly reduced hepatocarcinogenesis triggered by Tsc1 loss and p53 haploinsufficiency in vivo, as well as the biomarker Abcc4. CONCLUSIONS Our data advance the current understanding of the activation of the PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR axis and its downstream target Abcc4 in hepatocarcinogenesis driven by p53 reduction and Tsc1 loss. Targeting mTOR, an unexpected vulnerability in p53 (haplo)deficiency HCC, can be exploited therapeutically to treat Abcc4-positive patients with HCC. LAY SUMMARY Tsc1 loss facilitates the p53 (haplo)insufficiency-mediated activation of the PTEN/Akt/mTOR axis, leading to the elevated expression of Abcc4 to drive HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis in mice. Inhibition of mTOR protects against p53 haploinsufficiency and Tsc1 loss-triggered tumour-promoting activity, providing a new approach for treating an aggressive subtype of HCC exhibiting high Abcc4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Deng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Gui-Xi Li
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Deng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yu He
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei-Da Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Ping Bie
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (General Hospital), Chongqing, China.
| | - Chuan-Ming Xie
- Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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17
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Hirose S, Tanaka Y, Shibata M, Kimura Y, Ishikawa M, Higurashi N, Yamamoto T, Ichise E, Chiyonobu T, Ishii A. Application of induced pluripotent stem cells in epilepsy. Mol Cell Neurosci 2020; 108:103535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2020.103535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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18
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Klofas LK, Short BP, Snow JP, Sinnaeve J, Rushing GV, Westlake G, Weinstein W, Ihrie RA, Ess KC, Carson RP. DEPDC5 haploinsufficiency drives increased mTORC1 signaling and abnormal morphology in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:104975. [PMID: 32574724 PMCID: PMC7462127 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the DEPDC5 gene can cause epilepsy, including forms with and without brain malformations. The goal of this study was to investigate the contribution of DEPDC5 gene dosage to the underlying neuropathology of DEPDC5-related epilepsies. We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from epilepsy patients harboring heterozygous loss of function mutations in DEPDC5. Patient iPSCs displayed increases in both phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and proliferation rate, consistent with elevated mTORC1 activation. In line with these findings, we observed increased soma size in patient iPSC-derived cortical neurons that was rescued with rapamycin treatment. These data indicate that human cells heterozygous for DEPDC5 loss-of-function mutations are haploinsufficient for control of mTORC1 signaling. Our findings suggest that human pathology differs from mouse models of DEPDC5-related epilepsies, which do not show consistent phenotypic differences in heterozygous neurons, and support the need for human-based models to affirm and augment the findings from animal models of DEPDC5-related epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Klofas
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Brittany P Short
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John P Snow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justine Sinnaeve
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Grant Westlake
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Will Weinstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca A Ihrie
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert P Carson
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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19
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Julian LM, Stanford WL. Organelle Cooperation in Stem Cell Fate: Lysosomes as Emerging Regulators of Cell Identity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591. [PMID: 32733892 PMCID: PMC7358313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of stem cell fate is best understood at the level of gene and protein regulatory networks, though it is now clear that multiple cellular organelles also have critical impacts. A growing appreciation for the functional interconnectedness of organelles suggests that an orchestration of integrated biological networks functions to drive stem cell fate decisions and regulate metabolism. Metabolic signaling itself has emerged as an integral regulator of cell fate including the determination of identity, activation state, survival, and differentiation potential of many developmental, adult, disease, and cancer-associated stem cell populations and their progeny. As the primary adenosine triphosphate-generating organelles, mitochondria are well-known regulators of stem cell fate decisions, yet it is now becoming apparent that additional organelles such as the lysosome are important players in mediating these dynamic decisions. In this review, we will focus on the emerging role of organelles, in particular lysosomes, in the reprogramming of both metabolic networks and stem cell fate decisions, especially those that impact the determination of cell identity. We will discuss the inter-organelle interactions, cell signaling pathways, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms with which lysosomes engage and how these activities impact metabolic signaling. We will further review recent data that position lysosomes as critical regulators of cell identity determination programs and discuss the known or putative biological mechanisms. Finally, we will briefly highlight the potential impact of elucidating mechanisms by which lysosomes regulate stem cell identity on our understanding of disease pathogenesis, as well as the development of refined regenerative medicine, biomarker, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Julian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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20
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Snow JP, Westlake G, Klofas LK, Jeon S, Armstrong LC, Swoboda KJ, George AL, Ess KC. Neuronal modeling of alternating hemiplegia of childhood reveals transcriptional compensation and replicates a trigger-induced phenotype. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 141:104881. [PMID: 32348881 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC) is a rare neurodevelopmental disease caused by heterozygous de novo missense mutations in the ATP1A3 gene that encodes the neuronal specific α3 subunit of the Na,K-ATPase (NKA) pump. Mechanisms underlying patient episodes including environmental triggers remain poorly understood, and there are no empirically proven treatments for AHC. In this study, we generated patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and isogenic controls for the E815K ATP1A3 mutation that causes the most phenotypically severe form of AHC. Using an in vitro iPSC-derived cortical neuron disease model, we found elevated levels of ATP1A3 mRNA in AHC lines compared to controls, without significant perturbations in protein expression. Microelectrode array analyses demonstrated that in cortical neuronal cultures, ATP1A3+/E815K iPSC-derived neurons displayed less overall activity than neurons differentiated from isogenic mutation-corrected and unrelated control cell lines. However, induction of cellular stress by elevated temperature revealed a hyperactivity phenotype following heat stress in ATP1A3+/E815K neurons compared to control lines. Treatment with flunarizine, a drug commonly used to prevent AHC episodes, did not impact this stress-triggered phenotype. These findings support the use of iPSC-derived neuronal cultures for studying complex neurodevelopmental conditions such as AHC and provide a platform for mechanistic discovery in a human disease model.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Snow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Grant Westlake
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lindsay K Klofas
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Soyoun Jeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura C Armstrong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kathryn J Swoboda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alfred L George
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C Ess
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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21
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Wages PA, Joshi P, Tallman KA, Kim HYH, Bowman AB, Porter NA. Screening ToxCast™ for Chemicals That Affect Cholesterol Biosynthesis: Studies in Cell Culture and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuroprogenitors. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2020; 128:17014. [PMID: 31985273 PMCID: PMC7015578 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in cholesterol metabolism are common hallmarks of neurodevelopmental pathologies. A diverse array of genetic disorders of cholesterol metabolism support this claim as do multiple lines of research that demonstrate chemical inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis compromises neurodevelopment. Recent work has revealed that a number of commonly used pharmaceuticals induce changes in cholesterol metabolism that are similar to changes induced by genetic disorders with devastating neurodevelopmental deficiencies. OBJECTIVES We tested the hypothesis that common environmental toxicants may also impair cholesterol metabolism and thereby possibly contribute to neurodevelopmental toxicity. METHODS Using high-throughput screening with a targeted lipidomic analysis and the mouse neuroblastoma cell line, Neuro-2a, the ToxCast™ chemical library was screened for compounds that impact sterol metabolism. Validation of chemical effects was conducted by assessing cholesterol biosynthesis in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neuroprogenitors using an isotopically labeled cholesterol precursor and by monitoring product formation with UPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Twenty-nine compounds were identified as validated lead-hits, and four were prioritized for further study (endosulfan sulfate, tributyltin chloride, fenpropimorph, and spiroxamine). All four compounds were validated to cause hypocholesterolemia in Neuro-2a cells. The morpholine-like fungicides, fenpropimorph and spiroxamine, mirrored their Neuro-2a activity in four immortalized human cell lines and in a human neuroprogenitor model derived from hiPSCs, but endosulfan sulfate and tributyltin chloride did not. CONCLUSIONS These data reveal the existence of environmental compounds that interrupt cholesterol biosynthesis and that methodologically hiPSC neuroprogenitor cells provide a particularly sensitive system to monitor the effect of small molecules on de novo cholesterol formation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5053.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip A. Wages
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Piyush Joshi
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keri A. Tallman
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hye-Young H. Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aaron B. Bowman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Ned A. Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Cho JH, Patel B, Bonala S, Mansouri H, Manne S, Vadrevu SK, Ghouse S, Kung CP, Murphy ME, Astrinidis A, Henske EP, Kwiatkowski DJ, Markiewski MM, Karbowniczek M. The Codon 72 TP53 Polymorphism Contributes to TSC Tumorigenesis through the Notch-Nodal Axis. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1639-1651. [PMID: 31088907 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that 90.3% of patients with angiomyolipomas, lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) carry the arginine variant of codon 72 (R72) of TP53 and that R72 increases the risk for angiomyolipoma. R72 transactivates NOTCH1 and NODAL better than the proline variant of codon 72 (P72); therefore, the expression of NOTCH1 and NODAL is increased in angiomyolipoma cells that carry R72. The loss of Tp53 and Tsc1 within nestin-expressing cells in mice resulted in the development of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with high Notch1 and Nodal expression, suggesting that similar downstream mechanisms contribute to tumorigenesis as a result of p53 loss in mice and p53 polymorphism in humans. The loss of murine Tp53 or expression of human R72 contributes to tumorigenesis via enhancing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and motility of tumor cells through the Notch and Nodal pathways. IMPLICATIONS: This work revealed unexpected contributions of the p53 polymorphism to the pathogenesis of TSC and established signaling alterations caused by this polymorphism as a target for therapy. We found that the codon 72 TP53 polymorphism contributes to TSC-associated tumorigenesis via Notch and Nodal signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hung Cho
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Bhaumik Patel
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Santosh Bonala
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Hossein Mansouri
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Broadway and Boston, Lubbock, Texas
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,Institute for Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Surya Kumari Vadrevu
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.,HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shanawaz Ghouse
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas
| | - Che-Pei Kung
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,ICCE Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Center of Excellence, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maciej M Markiewski
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
| | - Magdalena Karbowniczek
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas.
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23
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Zhao X, Bhattacharyya A. Human Models Are Needed for Studying Human Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 103:829-857. [PMID: 30526865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of animal models of neurological disease has been instrumental in furthering our understanding of neurodevelopment and brain diseases. However, animal models are limited in revealing some of the most fundamental aspects of development, genetics, pathology, and disease mechanisms that are unique to humans. These shortcomings are exaggerated in disorders that affect the brain, where the most significant differences between humans and animal models exist, and could underscore failures in targeted therapeutic interventions in affected individuals. Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a much-needed model system for investigating human-specific biology and disease mechanisms. However, questions remain regarding whether these cell-culture-based models are sufficient or even necessary. In this review, we summarize human-specific features of neurodevelopment and the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, present discrepancies between animal models and human diseases, demonstrate how human stem cell models can provide meaningful information, and discuss the challenges that exist in our pursuit to understand distinctively human aspects of neurodevelopment and brain disease. This information argues for a more thoughtful approach to disease modeling through consideration of the valuable features and limitations of each model system, be they human or animal, to mimic disease characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA.
| | - Anita Bhattacharyya
- Waisman Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA; Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53705, USA.
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24
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Zucco AJ, Pozzo VD, Afinogenova A, Hart RP, Devinsky O, D'Arcangelo G. Neural progenitors derived from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex patients exhibit attenuated PI3K/AKT signaling and delayed neuronal differentiation. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 92:149-163. [PMID: 30144504 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a disease caused by autosomal dominant mutations in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, and is characterized by tumor susceptibility, brain lesions, seizures and behavioral impairments. The TSC1 and TSC2 genes encode proteins forming a complex (TSC), which is a major regulator and suppressor of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a signaling complex that promotes cell growth and proliferation. TSC1/2 loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and the subsequent complete loss of TSC regulatory activity in null cells causes mTORC1 dysregulation and TSC-associated brain lesions or other tissue tumors. However, it is not clear whether TSC1/2 heterozygous brain cells are abnormal and contribute to TSC neuropathology. To investigate this issue, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from TSC patients and unaffected controls, and utilized these to obtain neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and differentiated neurons in vitro. These patient-derived TSC2 heterozygous NPCs were delayed in their ability to differentiate into neurons. Patient-derived progenitor cells also exhibited a modest activation of mTORC1 signaling downstream of TSC, and a marked attenuation of upstream PI3K/AKT signaling. We further show that pharmacologic PI3K or AKT inhibition, but not mTORC1 inhibition, causes a neuronal differentiation delay, mimicking the patient phenotype. Together these data suggest that heterozygous TSC2 mutations disrupt neuronal development, potentially contributing to the disease neuropathology, and that this defect may result from dysregulated PI3K/AKT signaling in neural progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery J Zucco
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Valentina Dal Pozzo
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Alina Afinogenova
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Ronald P Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Orrin Devinsky
- NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Gabriella D'Arcangelo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America; Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America.
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