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Park SR, Kook MG, Kim SR, Lee JW, Park CH, Oh BC, Jung Y, Hong IS. Development of cell-laden multimodular Lego-like customizable endometrial tissue assembly for successful tissue regeneration. Biomater Res 2023; 27:33. [PMID: 37085887 PMCID: PMC10122345 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00376-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endometrium, the inner lining of the uterine cavity, plays essential roles in embryo implantation and its subsequent development. Although some positive results were preliminarily archived, the regeneration of damaged endometrial tissues by administrating stem cells only is very challenging due to the lack of specific microenvironments and their low attachment rates at the sites of injury. In this context, various biomaterial-based scaffolds have been used to overcome these limitations by providing simple structural support for cell attachment. However, these scaffold-based strategies also cannot properly reflect patient tissue-specific structural complexity and thus show only limited therapeutic effects. METHOD Therefore, in the present study, we developed a customizable Lego-like multimodular endometrial tissue architecture by assembling individually fabricated tissue blocks. RESULTS Each tissue block was fabricated by incorporating biodegradable biomaterials and certain endometrial constituent cells. Each small tissue block was effectively fabricated by integrating conventional mold casting and 3D printing techniques. The fabricated individual tissue blocks were properly assembled into a larger customized tissue architecture. This structure not only properly mimics the patient-specific multicellular microenvironment of the endometrial tissue but also properly responds to key reproductive hormones in a manner similar to the physiological functions. CONCLUSION This customizable modular tissue assembly allows easy and scalable configuration of a complex patient-specific tissue microenvironment, thus accelerating various tissue regeneration procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Kook
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Rim Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Oh
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - YunJae Jung
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Korea
| | - In-Sun Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, 7-45 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon, 406-840, Republic of Korea.
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Kusuma GD, Georgiou HM, Perkins AV, Abumaree MH, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Role in Oxidative Stress Associated with Preeclampsia. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 95:115-127. [PMID: 35370491 PMCID: PMC8961706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious medically important disorder of human pregnancy, which features de novo pregnancy-induced hypertension and proteinuria. The severe form of PE can progress to eclampsia, a convulsive, life-threatening condition. When placental growth and perfusion are abnormal, the placenta experiences oxidative stress and subsequently secretes abnormal amounts of certain pro-angiogenic factors (eg, PlGF) as well as anti-angiogenic factors (eg, sFlt-1) that enter the maternal circulation. The net effect is damage to the maternal vascular endothelium, which subsequently manifests as the clinical features of PE. Other than delivery of the fetus and placenta, curative treatments for PE have not yet been forthcoming, which reflects the complexity of the clinical syndrome. A major source of reactive oxygen species that contributes to the widespread maternal vascular endothelium damage is the PE-affected decidua. The role of decidua-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) in normotensive and pathological placenta development is poorly understood. The ability to respond to an environment of oxidative damage is a "universal property" of MSC but the biological mechanisms that MSC employ in response to oxidative stress are compromised in PE. In this review, we discuss how MSC respond to oxidative stress in normotensive and pathological conditions. We also consider the possibility of manipulating the oxidative stress response of abnormal MSC as a therapeutic strategy to treat preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina D. Kusuma
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal
Medicine, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry M. Georgiou
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal
Medicine, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute
Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mohamed H. Abumaree
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Department, King
Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City,
Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences,
College of Science and Health Professions, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry
of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun P. Brennecke
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal
Medicine, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bill Kalionis
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynaecology, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Pregnancy Research Centre, Department of Maternal-Fetal
Medicine, Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
Dr. Bill Kalionis, Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Pregnancy Research
Centre Royal Women’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;
; ORCID iD:
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0132-9858
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Terena SML, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, de Siqueira Araújo AM, Fernandes KPS, Fernandes MH. Photobiomodulation alters the viability of HUVECs cells. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:83-90. [PMID: 32304000 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of low-level red (660 nm) and infrared (780 nm) laser with four different radiance exposures on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. HUVECs (1.5 × 104) were incubated in 96-well culture plates. The cells were maintained in M199 medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum, 1% antibiotic (penicillin), 1% anti-mycotic (Fungizone), and 1% endothelial cell growth supplement. After centrifugation, irradiations (660/780 nm, 40 mW, 1, 5, 10, and 20 J/cm2, 1 s, 5 s, 10 s, and 20 s, respectively, total energy 0.4 J, 2 J, 4 J, and 8 J, and beam spot size at target 0.04 cm2) were performed at the bottom of Falcon tubes such that the laser beam directly reached the cell without passing through the culture medium. The cells were divided into groups based on radiant exposures. Cell viability and protein concentration were verified after 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10 days. Red laser increased the cell viability and protein concentration in all groups (three-way ANOVA, p < 0.05) beginning on the second day. The greatest peak compared with the control was found when the radiant exposure was 5 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2. Infrared laser inhibited cell viability and modulated the protein concentration in the cells, with the highest peak protein concentration found on the second day in the group with radiant exposure of 1 J/cm2 and 10 J/cm2 (three-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). Red laser increased the viability and concentration of total proteins in HUVECs, whereas infrared laser had an inhibitory effect on cell viability, while maintaining the total protein concentration similar to that found in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris Lins Terena
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho - UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho -UNINOVE, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, U. Porto - FMDUP, Porto, Portugal.,LAVQ/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Tiruvannamalai Annamalai R, Rioja AY, Putnam AJ, Stegemann JP. Vascular Network Formation by Human Microvascular Endothelial Cells in Modular Fibrin Microtissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1914-1925. [PMID: 29503863 PMCID: PMC5830175 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microvascular endothelial cells (MVEC) are a preferred cell source for autologous revascularization strategies, since they can be harvested and propagated from small tissue biopsies. Biomaterials-based strategies for therapeutic delivery of cells are aimed at tailoring the cellular microenvironment to enhance the delivery, engraftment, and tissue-specific function of transplanted cells. In the present study, we investigated a modular tissue engineering approach to therapeutic revascularization using fibrin-based microtissues containing embedded human MVEC and human fibroblasts (FB). Microtissues were formed using a water-in-oil emulsion process that produced populations of spheroidal tissue modules with a diameter of 100-200 µm. The formation of MVEC sprouts within a fibrin matrix over 7 days in culture was dependent on the presence of FB, with the most robust sprouting occurring at a 1:3 MVEC:FB ratio. Cell viability in microtissues was high (>90%) and significant FB cell proliferation was observed over time in culture. Robust sprouting from microtissues was evident, with larger vessels developing over time and FB acting as pericyte-like cells by enveloping endothelial tubes. These neovessels were shown to form an interconnected vascular plexus over 14 days of culture when microtissues were embedded in a surrounding fibrin hydrogel. Vessel networks exhibited branching and inosculation of sprouts from adjacent microtissues, resulting in MVEC-lined capillaries with hollow lumens. Microtissues maintained in suspension culture aggregated to form larger tissue masses (1-2 mm in diameter) over 7 days. Vessels formed within microtissue aggregates at a 1:1 MVEC:FB ratio were small and diffuse, whereas the 1:3 MVEC:FB ratio produced large and highly interconnected vessels by day 14. This study highlights the utility of human MVEC as a cell source for revascularization strategies, and suggests that the ratio of endothelial to support cells can be used to tailor vessel characteristics. The modular microtissue format may allow minimally invasive delivery of populations of prevascularized microtissues for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Y. Rioja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Andrew J. Putnam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Jan P. Stegemann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
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Zaitseva M, Yue DS, Katzenellenbogen JA, Rogers PAW, Gargett CE. Estrogen Receptor-α Agonists Promote Angiogenesis in Human Myometrial Microvascular Endothelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:529-35. [PMID: 15582497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2004.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relative role of the two estrogen receptors, ERalpha and ERbeta, in mediating angiogenic responses in adult human endothelium is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine whether novel ERalpha-selective agonists, propyl pyrazole triol (PPT) and the tetrahydrochrysene (R,R-THC), up-regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), and promote VEGF-stimulated endothelial cell proliferation in primary cultures of adult female microvascular endothelial cells co-expressing endogenous ERalpha and ERbeta. METHODS Confluent primary cultures of microvascular endothelial cells isolated from human myometrium were incubated with 17beta-estradiol (1 and 10 nM), PPT (10 nM to 3 microM), or R,R-THC (10 nM to 3 microM) for 18 hours and VEGFR-2 expression measured by biotin-VEGF165 binding and flow cytometry. Endothelial cell proliferation was assessed in microvascular endothelial cells after incubation with 17beta-estradiol (10 nM), PPT (100 nM), and R,R-THC (100 nM) for 6 days using a tetrazolium-based bioassay. RESULTS Both PPT and R,R-THC increased VEGFR-2 expression on myometrial microvascular endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a maximum at 1 microM. Approximately 40% of myometrial microvascular endothelial cell isolates only express ERbeta and do not express ERalpha, and in these neither PPT, R,R-THC, nor 17beta-estradiol increased VEGF binding. PPT- or R,R-THC-stimulated increase in VEGF binding was significantly different between ERalpha+ and ERalpha- microvascular endothelial cell samples (P < .001 and P < .05, respectively). PPT, R,R-THC, and 17beta-estradiol significantly augmented VEGF-stimulated microvascular endothelial cell proliferation in ERalpha+ (P < .05), but not in ERalpha- samples. CONCLUSIONS This angiogenic effect of 17beta-estradiol on adult female microvascular endothelial cells is mediated by ERalpha, rather than ERbeta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zaitseva
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Monash University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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McDaniel JS, Akula Suresh Babu R, Navarro MM, LeBaron RG. Transcriptional regulation of proteoglycan 4 by 17β-estradiol in immortalized baboon temporomandibular joint disc cells. Eur J Oral Sci 2014; 122:100-8. [PMID: 24621258 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) affect a significant portion of the population of the USA, with the majority of those seeking treatment being women of childbearing age. Owing to this striking sexual dimorphism it has been postulated that sex hormones play a role in the maintenance of normal temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function. Proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) is a secreted lubricating molecule required for maintaining low frictional levels within articular joints; however, its role in the TMJ is not well characterized. In this study we describe the development of immortalized baboon cells isolated from specific regions of the TMJ disc and their use in the investigation of PRG4 expression and localization patterns in the TMJ. We identified conserved estrogen response elements within the 5' flanking region of the PRG4 gene of several species, and found that treatment of baboon TMJ disc cells with estrogen led to reduced PRG4 promoter activity and reduced expression of PRG4 mRNA in vitro. The observed negative regulation of PRG4 by estrogen could lead to increased friction and degradation of joint components over time. This study, for the first time, provides evidence of the regulatory potential of estrogen on PRG4 gene expression and suggests a novel etiology for the gender disparity observed among TMD patients.
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7
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Tsubokawa M, Sato S. In Vitro Analysis of Human Periodontal Microvascular Endothelial Cells. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1135-42. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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8
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Ni CW, Kumar S, Ankeny CJ, Jo H. Development of immortalized mouse aortic endothelial cell lines. Vasc Cell 2014; 6:7. [PMID: 24690145 PMCID: PMC4230636 DOI: 10.1186/2045-824x-6-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The understanding of endothelial cell biology has been facilitated by the availability of primary endothelial cell cultures from a variety of sites and species; however, the isolation and maintenance of primary mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) remain a formidable challenge. Culturing MAECs is difficult as they are prone to phenotypic drift during culture. Therefore, there is a need to have a dependable in vitro culture system, wherein the primary endothelial cells retain their properties and phenotypes. Methods Here, we developed an effective method to prepare immortalized MAEC (iMAEC) lines. Primary MAECs, initially isolated from aortic explants, were immortalized using a retrovirus expressing polyoma middle T-antigen. Immortalized cells were then incubated with DiI-acetylated-low density lipoprotein and sorted via flow cytometry to isolate iMAECs. Results iMAECs expressed common markers of endothelial cells, including PECAM1, eNOS, VE-cadherin, and von Willebrand Factor. iMAECs aligned in the direction of imposed laminar shear and retained the ability to form tubes. Using this method, we have generated iMAEC lines from wild-type and various genetically modified mice such as p47phox-/-, eNOS-/-, and caveolin-1-/-. Conclusion In summary, generation of iMAEC lines from various genetically modified mouse lines provides an invaluable tool to study vascular biology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H, Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 1760 Haygood Drive, Health Science Research Building, E-170, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Mackay LS, Dodd S, Dougall IG, Tomlinson W, Lordan J, Fisher AJ, Corris PA. Isolation and characterisation of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells from patients with severe emphysema. Respir Res 2013; 14:23. [PMID: 23425195 PMCID: PMC3599007 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of the pulmonary microvasculature in the pathogenesis of emphysema has been put forward as a credible alternative to the classical inflammatory cell driven proteolysis hypothesis. Mechanistic studies in this area have to date employed animal models, immortalised cell lines, primary endothelial cells isolated from large pulmonary arteries and non-pulmonary tissues and normal human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. Although these studies have increased our understanding of endothelial cell function, their relevance to mechanisms in emphysema is questionable. Here we report a successful technique to isolate and characterise primary cultures of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells from individuals with severe emphysema. Methods A lobe of emphysematous lung tissue removed at the time of lung transplantation surgery was obtained from 14 patients with severe end-stage disease. The pleura, large airways and large blood vessels were excised and contaminating macrophages and neutrophils flushed from the peripheral lung tissue before digestion with collagenase. Endothelial cells were purified from the cell mixture via selection with CD31 and UEA-1 magnetic beads and characterised by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Results Successful isolation was achieved from 10 (71%) of 14 emphysematous lungs. Endothelial cells exhibited a classical cobblestone morphology with high expression of endothelial cell markers (CD31) and low expression of mesenchymal markers (CD90, αSMA and fibronectin). E-selectin (CD62E) was inducible in a proportion of the endothelial cells following stimulation with TNFα, confirming that these cells were of microvascular origin. Conclusions Emphysematous lungs removed at the time of transplantation can yield large numbers of pulmonary microvasculature endothelial cells of high purity. These cells provide a valuable research tool to investigate cellular mechanisms in the pulmonary microvasculature relevant to the pathogenesis of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Mackay
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
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Drosch M, Bullerdiek J, Zollner TM, Prinz F, Koch M, Schmidt N. A novel mouse model that closely mimics human uterine leiomyomas. Fertil Steril 2012; 99:927-935.e6. [PMID: 23260859 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2012] [Revised: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a predictive mouse model for uterine fibroids. DESIGN Human fibroid cells xenografted to immunodeficient mice. SETTING University and industrial research center. ANIMAL(S) Immunodeficient scid/beige mice. INTERVENTION(S) Subcutaneous and intrauterine injection of fibroid-derived cells, SV40 transformation of primary cells by lentiviral transduction, proliferation determined by immunohistochemistry, FISH. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Characterization of primary and immortalized cells by Western blot and soft agar assay, determination of in vivo tumorigenicity, comparative histology and immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULT(S) Tumorigenicity of primary myoma cells disappears upon in vitro culture. Transformation and immortalization does not restore or conserve the in vivo growth potential of cultured cells. Injection of primary cells into myometrium of mice leads to xenografts with a leiomyoma-like histology. CONCLUSION(S) Primary myoma cells are suited to generate fibroid-like xenografts for studying pathogenesis without genetic modifications. In contrast, in vitro culture abolishes transplantability, and neither transformation nor immortalization is sufficient to restore tumorigenic capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Drosch
- Center of Human Genetics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Rajaraman G, White J, Tan KS, Ulrich D, Rosamilia A, Werkmeister J, Gargett CE. Optimization and scale-up culture of human endometrial multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells: potential for clinical application. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 19:80-92. [PMID: 22738377 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified and purified multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-like cells in the highly regenerative endometrial lining of the human uterus (eMSC) as CD140b⁺CD146⁺ cells. Due to ease of accessibility with minimal morbidity via biopsy, we are proposing to use eMSC in cell-based therapies; however, culture conditions compliant with Good Manufacturing Practice have not been established for eMSC. The aim of this study was to optimize serum-free and xeno-free culture conditions for expansion of eMSC for potential clinical use. Real-time cell assessment (Xcelligence) and MTS viability assays were used to measure attachment and proliferation of freshly isolated, flow cytometry-sorted CD140b⁺CD146⁺ eMSC cultured in several commercially available and in-house serum-free and xeno-free media in combination with five attachment matrices (fibronectin, collagen, gelatin, laminin, and Cell Start-XF®). Comparisons were made with a standard serum-containing medium, DMEM/F-12/10% fetal bovine serum. Under all conditions examined, eMSC attachment and proliferation was greatest using a fibronectin matrix, with Lonza TP-SF® and our in-house DMEM/SF/FGF2/EGF serum-free xeno-product-containing medium similar to serum-containing medium. Hypoxia increased eMSC proliferation in the DMEM/SF/FGF2/EGF serum-free medium. Culture of eMSC for 7 days on a fibronectin matrix in DMEM/SF/FGF2/EGF serum-free media in 5% O₂ maintained greater numbers of undifferentiated eMSC expressing CD140b, CD146, and W5C5 compared to culture under similar conditions in Lonza TP-SF medium. However, the percentage of cells expressing typical MSC phenotypic markers, CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD105, were similar for both media. EMSC showed greater expansion in 2D compared to 3D culture on fibronectin-coated microbeads using the optimized DMEM/SF/FGF2/EGF medium in 5% O₂. In the optimized 2D culture conditions, eMSC retained CFU activity, multipotency, and MSC surface phenotype, representing the first steps in their preparation for potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Rajaraman
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
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Human CD34+ cells are capable of generating normal and JAK2V617F positive endothelial like cells in vivo. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2009; 43:304-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2009.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Zaitseva M, Vollenhoven BJ, Rogers PA. Retinoids regulate genes involved in retinoic acid synthesis and transport in human myometrial and fibroid smooth muscle cells. Hum Reprod 2008; 23:1076-86. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Huang YS, Huang WL, Lin WF, Chen MC, Jeng SR. An endothelial-cell-enriched primary culture system to study vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF A) expression in a teleost, the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 145:33-46. [PMID: 16807025 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Revised: 04/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A partial gene for eel (Anguilla japonica) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been cloned and an endothelial-cell-enriched primary culture derived from rete mirabile established to study regulation of the expression of the eel VEGF gene. Cells were cultured in M199 medium containing 0.1% fetal calf serum (FCS) and serum-free M199 medium for long-and short-term experiments, respectively. Cells were separately treated with cobalt ions (Co2+), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and estradiol (E2), which have been demonstrated to stimulate mammalian VEGF A expression, followed by quantification of the VEGF mRNA levels by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Our results show that: (1) the deduced eel VEGF protein encoded by the cloned gene is about 130 amino acids in length, and is closely related to a zebrafish (Danio rerio) VEGF A; (2) the endothelial-cell-enriched rete mirabile primary culture containing mainly (over 70%) the capillary endothelial cells; (3) the expression levels of the eel VEGF transcript were increased by Co2+, bFGF, and E2 treatments in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Our data demonstrate that an eel partial VEGF gene has been cloned and its regulation of expression in endothelial-cell-enriched rete mirabile cell culture is similar to that in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sen Huang
- Department of Life Science, National University of Kaohsiung, No. 700, Kaohsiung University Road, Nan Tzu Dist., 811 Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Naidoo S, Raidoo DM. Tissue kallikrein and kinin receptor expression in an angiogenic co-culture neuroblastoma model. Metab Brain Dis 2006; 21:253-65. [PMID: 16865540 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-006-9008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The sprouting of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature (angiogenesis) is essential for tumour survival, influenced by tumour cell-endothelial cell interactions and is tightly regulated by biochemical cues including the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). We examined the structural interaction between neuroblastomas and endothelial cells (HUVECs) in 2-D and 3-D (matrigel) in vitro, co-culture models by light microscopy, and performed in situ mono- and co-labelling of various KKS proteins. Neuroblastomas formed footplate-like multiple contacts on angiogenic HUVECs without disrupting differentiation of HUVECs into cord-like structures. Tissue kallikrein and the kinin B1R and B2R receptors were demonstrated on interacting neuroblastomas and HUVECs to varying degrees, as well as at actual heterogeneous contact zones in both 2-D and 3-D models. This KKS immuno-reactivity was generally confined to peri-nuclear regions on HUVECs but concentrated on cell extensions on neuroblastomas. The KKS, known to enhance DNA synthesis and process pro-angiogenic precursors of both tumour cells and the extra-cellular matrix, may, by its multi-functional activities at sites of tumour-blood vessel interactions, regulate aspects of both angiogenesis and tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Naidoo
- Department of Therapeutics and Medicines Management, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Private Bag 7, Congella, 4013 Durban, South Africa.
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Hussein-Fikret S, Fuller PJ, Gargett CE. Expression of steroid receptor coactivators in cultured cells from paired myometrial and fibroid tissues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:445-51. [PMID: 15979354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2005.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fibroid tumor growth in the myometrium appears to be regulated by estrogens but the role of estrogen receptor (ER) coregulators, such as the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family members, in fibroid growth is currently unknown. The aims of this study were to compare the expression of the SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3 coactivators between fibroids and normal myometrium in pure populations of cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) and microvascular endothelial cells (MEC), and also between both cell types, and to identify any relationship between the SRC expression profiles and the known ER status of the SMC and MEC samples examined in this study. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) coupled with Southern blot analysis was used to derive a semiquantitative estimate of the relative levels of SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3 expression in pure populations of SMC (>98% alpha-smooth muscle actin [SMA](+)) and MEC (>99% CD31(+)) isolated and cultured from eight samples of paired human myometrial and fibroid tissue. RESULTS The mean levels of SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3 were each similar in normal myometrium compared to fibroids for SMC and also for MEC. However, SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3 levels were each significantly higher in SMC compared to MEC from both myometrial and fibroid samples, although for SRC-3 there was a trend for higher levels in myometrial samples that did not reach significance. While all SMC samples expressed ERalpha and high coactivator levels, there does not appear to be a relationship between coactivator expression levels and the presence or absence of ERalpha in MEC samples. CONCLUSION Coactivators may be more important in ERalpha-mediated growth of SMC than for MEC. Although the SRC family members are likely to play a role in the response of fibroid SMC to estrogen, via ERalpha, changes in their levels do not appear to contribute to the increased sensitivity of fibroid SMC to estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonay Hussein-Fikret
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research and Monash University Department of MedicineClayton, Victoria, Australia
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Hemmrich K, von Heimburg D, Cierpka K, Haydarlioglu S, Pallua N. Optimization of the differentiation of human preadipocytes in vitro. Differentiation 2005; 73:28-35. [PMID: 15733065 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2005.07301003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at developing an optimal protocol for proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes that is a prerequisite for constructing an ideal biohybrid composed of viable adipose precursor cells in a three-dimensional matrix. Such an implant could represent an adequate solution for correcting soft tissue defects, e.g., extensive deep burns or tumor resections. Preadipocytes were isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue samples and cultured in Dulbecco's modified eagle medium (DMEM)/Ham's F12 medium (F12) or OPTIMEM medium with or without the addition of human serum (hS) or fetal calf serum (FCS). The advantages of fibronectin-coated culture dishes for preadipocyte yield after isolation and differentiation were evaluated. After culture expansion, differentiation was induced by insulin, isobutylmethylxanthine, pioglitazone, dexamethasone, and transferrin in the absence of serum. The extent of differentiation was assayed by measuring the activity of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase as well as counting of differentiated versus undifferentiated cells. Our results show that fibronectin coating does not only strongly increase the yield of preadipocytes after isolation from adipose tissue but also significantly enhances differentiation of precursor cells to mature adipocytes. For optimal cell expansion, DMEM/F12 is more promoting than OPTIMEM and culturing with FCS shows a slightly better proliferation compared with hS supplementation. Differentiation, in contrast, is significantly improved when hS is used instead of FCS during proliferation. Our results smooth the way for autologous preadipocyte culturing and show that hS for preadipocyte culturing opens new and promising perspectives for adipose tissue engineering by optimizing in vitro expansion in cell culture and inducing substantial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Hemmrich
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery-Burn Center, University Hospital of the Aachen University of Technology, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany
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Chen MJ, Peng Y, Yang YS, Huang SC, Chow SN, Torng PL. Increased hyaluronan and CD44 expressions in intravenous leiomyomatosis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2005; 84:322-8. [PMID: 15762960 DOI: 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the influence of hyaluronan and its receptor CD44 in the angiogenesis and invasiveness of intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL). METHODS Paraffin-embedded sections from four IVL cases and 10 uterine leiomyoma cases were immunohistochemically stained for CD34, CD44, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor and assayed for microvessel densities. Hyaluronan was immunostained by biotinylated hyaluronan-binding peptide and the results were clinically correlated. RESULTS CD34 labeling showed significantly increased microvessel counts in IVL (156.6+/-3.7), when compared to uterine leiomyomas (61.3+/-27.3; P<0.001). Hyaluronan and its receptor CD44 were prominently expressed in IVL when compared to leiomyomas and associated with an elevation in bFGF expression. CONCLUSIONS IVL is a highly vascular neoplasm with elevated microvessel counts. The increase of hyaluronan and CD44 expression in IVL suggests that it is highly angiogenic and has an invasive potential. Elevation of hyaluronan may play a possible role in the pathogenesis of IVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jilani SM, Murphy TJ, Thai SNM, Eichmann A, Alva JA, Iruela-Arispe ML. Selective binding of lectins to embryonic chicken vasculature. J Histochem Cytochem 2003; 51:597-604. [PMID: 12704207 DOI: 10.1177/002215540305100505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken embryos are an excellent model system for studies related to vascular morphogenesis. Development in ovo allows manipulations otherwise difficult in mammals, and the use of chicken-quail chimeras offers an additional advantage to this experimental system. Furthermore, the chicken chorioallantoic membrane has been extensively used for in vivo assays of angiogenesis. Surprisingly, few markers are available for a comprehensive visualization of the vasculature. Here we report the use of lectins for identification of embryonic chicken blood vessels. Nine lectins were evaluated using intravascular perfusion and directly on sections. Our results indicate that Lens culinaris agglutinin, concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin can be used effectively for visualization of vessels of early chicken embryos (E2.5-E4). At later developmental stages, Lens culinaris agglutinin is a better choice because it displays equal affinity for the endothelia of arteries, veins, and capillaries. The findings presented here expand our understanding of lectin specificity in the endothelium of avian species and provide information as to the use of these reagents to obtain comprehensive labeling of the embryonic and chorioallantoic membrane vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla M Jilani
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology and Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Patel VA, Logan A, Watkinson JC, Uz-Zaman S, Sheppard MC, Ramsden JD, Eggo MC. Isolation and characterization of human thyroid endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2003; 284:E168-76. [PMID: 12388152 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00096.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
From collagenase digests of human thyroid, endothelial cells were separated from follicular cells by their greater adherence to gelatin-coated plates. Endothelial cells were further purified using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, selecting for cells expressing factor VIII-related antigen. Isolated cells were negative for thyroglobulin and calcitonin when examined by immunostaining. The receptor for the angiopoietins, Tie-2, was expressed by the cells, and expression was increased by agents that elevate cAMP. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 3, the endothelial form of NOS, was expressed by the cells and similarly regulated. Cells responded strongly to the mitogen fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 in growth assays but only weakly to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF was, however, able to stimulate nitric oxide release from the cells consistent with their endothelial origin. The FGF receptor (FGFR1) was full length (120 kDa) and immunolocalized to the cytosol and nucleus. Thyrotropin (TSH) did not regulate FGFR1, but its expression was increased by VEGF. Thrombospondin, a product of follicular cells, was a growth inhibitor, but neither TSH nor 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine had direct mitogenic effects. Thyroid follicular cell conditioned medium contained plasminogen activator activity and stimulated the growth of the endothelial cells, but when treated with plasminogen to produce the endothelial-specific inhibitor, angiostatin, growth was inhibited. Human thyroid endothelial cell cultures will be invaluable in determining the cross talk between endothelial and follicular cells during goitrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimal A Patel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Enge M, Bjarnegård M, Gerhardt H, Gustafsson E, Kalén M, Asker N, Hammes HP, Shani M, Fässler R, Betsholtz C. Endothelium-specific platelet-derived growth factor-B ablation mimics diabetic retinopathy. EMBO J 2002; 21:4307-16. [PMID: 12169633 PMCID: PMC126162 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of pericytes from the capillary wall is a hallmark of diabetic retinopathy, however, the pathogenic significance of this phenomenon is unclear. In previous mouse gene knockout models leading to pericyte deficiency, prenatal lethality has so far precluded analysis of postnatal consequences in the retina. We now report that endothelium-restricted ablation of platelet-derived growth factor-B generates viable mice with extensive inter- and intra-individual variation in the density of pericytes throughout the CNS. We found a strong inverse correlation between pericyte density and the formation of a range of retinal microvascular abnormalities strongly reminiscent of those seen in diabetic humans. Proliferative retinopathy invariably developed when pericyte density was <50% of normal. Our data suggest that a reduction of the pericyte density is sufficient to cause retinopathy in mice, implying that pericyte loss may also be a causal pathogenic event in human diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erika Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, PO Box 440, SE 405 30 Göteborg,
Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, AngioGenetics AB, Medicinaregatan 7, SE 413 90 Göteborg, Sweden, Vth Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany, Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel and Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Mattias Kalén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, PO Box 440, SE 405 30 Göteborg,
Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, AngioGenetics AB, Medicinaregatan 7, SE 413 90 Göteborg, Sweden, Vth Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany, Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel and Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Noomi Asker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, PO Box 440, SE 405 30 Göteborg,
Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, AngioGenetics AB, Medicinaregatan 7, SE 413 90 Göteborg, Sweden, Vth Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany, Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel and Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, PO Box 440, SE 405 30 Göteborg,
Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, AngioGenetics AB, Medicinaregatan 7, SE 413 90 Göteborg, Sweden, Vth Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany, Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel and Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Moshe Shani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, PO Box 440, SE 405 30 Göteborg,
Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, AngioGenetics AB, Medicinaregatan 7, SE 413 90 Göteborg, Sweden, Vth Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany, Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel and Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Reinhardt Fässler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, PO Box 440, SE 405 30 Göteborg,
Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, AngioGenetics AB, Medicinaregatan 7, SE 413 90 Göteborg, Sweden, Vth Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany, Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel and Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Göteborg University, PO Box 440, SE 405 30 Göteborg,
Department of Experimental Pathology, Lund University, SE 221 85 Lund, AngioGenetics AB, Medicinaregatan 7, SE 413 90 Göteborg, Sweden, Vth Medical Clinic, Medical Faculty of the University of Heidelberg, D-68135 Mannheim, Germany, Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel and Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, Department of Molecular Medicine, Am Klopferspitz 18a, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany Corresponding author e-mail:
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify the separation techniques that result in pure cultures of rat microvascular endothelial cells (MECs). A multistep process is used to optimize the separation of the cells from rat epididymal fat pads, obtaining as pure a culture as possible within a relatively short processing time. The process initially employs the digestion, filtration, and density gradient separation steps. We further describe the use of an attachment phase that allows the differential adherence of contaminating cell types. Immunomagnetic purification is the final step in the process and is performed using anti-PECAM-1 (CD31) monoclonal antibody-labeled DynaBeads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Frye
- The Laboratory of Reparative Biology and Bioengineering, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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Schneider-Kolsky M, Manuelpillai U, Gargett C, Wallace EM. Activin βA-subunit and activin receptors in human myometrium at term and during labour. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-5456(00)00202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schneider-Kolsky M, Manuelpillai U, Gargett C, Wallace EM. Activin betaA-subunit and activin receptors in human myometrium at term and during labour. BJOG 2001; 108:869-74. [PMID: 11510715 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure activin A content and to localise and semi-quantitate activin receptors in human myometrium at term and during labour. DESIGN Myometrium was collected from non-pregnant women (n = 6), pregnant women at term not in labour (n = 6) and at term in labour (n = 6). SETTING Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tissue lysates of myometrium were analysed for activin A content using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and activin receptor proteins IA, IIA and IIB using Western hybridisation. Activin betaA-subunit and activin receptors were localised in myometrium by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Activin A was detected by ELISA in non-pregnant, pregnant and labouring myometrium. Levels were significantly higher in labouring myometrium. The three activin receptors IA, IIA and IIB were detected in all myometrial samples by Western hybridisation. Receptor IA was expressed in significantly higher levels in pregnant myometrium. Receptor IIA was very weakly expressed throughout. The expression of receptor IIB was similar in all three groups. Activin betaA-subunit and all three receptors were localised to the endothelial cells of myometrial blood vessels. Neither activin betaA-subunit nor any of the three activin receptors were immunolocalised to myometrial smooth muscle cells in the three groups. This result was confirmed by Western blotting for expression of activin receptors in isolated myometrial smooth muscle and microvascular endothelial cells. CONCLUSION The myometrium is not a target for activin A during late pregnancy or labour. However, activin A may have a role in the regulation of microvascular endothelial cell function in the myometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schneider-Kolsky
- Centre for Women's Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Australia
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Buzza MS, Hirst CE, Bird CH, Hosking P, McKendrick J, Bird PI. The granzyme B inhibitor, PI-9, is present in endothelial and mesothelial cells, suggesting that it protects bystander cells during immune responses. Cell Immunol 2001; 210:21-9. [PMID: 11485349 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9) is a 42-kDa human intracellular serpin present in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs). PI-9 is an extremely efficient inhibitor of the pro-apoptotic CL granule proteinase granzyme B and is thought to function in the cytosol of CLs to protect against apoptosis induced by endogenously expressed or released granzyme B, particularly during target cell killing. Here we show by immunohistochemistry that PI-9 is also present in endothelial cells, in every tissue examined. Cultured endothelial cells express functional PI-9 (as assessed by binding to recombinant granzyme B) localized to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Immunohistochemistry also showed PI-9 in mesothelial cells, and this was confirmed by analysis of primary cells cultured from pleural and serous effusions. Granzyme B expression was not detected in either endothelial or mesothelial cells. In both cell types, PI-9 is up-regulated at the mRNA and protein level by exposure to the phorbol ester PMA, consistent with a response to inflammatory stimuli. We postulate that PI-9 is present in these lining cell types to protect against misdirected, free granzyme B released during a local immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Buzza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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