1
|
Lim ES, Lee SE, Park MJ, Han DH, Lee HB, Ryu B, Kim EY, Park SP. Piperine improves the quality of porcine oocytes by reducing oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:1-10. [PMID: 38159890 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by light and high temperature arises during in vitro maturation (IVM), resulting in low-quality embryos compared with those obtained in vivo. To overcome this problem, we investigated the influence of piperine (PIP) treatment during maturation of porcine oocytes on subsequent embryo development in vitro. Porcine oocytes were cultured in IVM medium supplemented with 0, 50, 100, 200, or 400 μM PIP. After parthenogenetic activation, the blastocyst (BL) formation was significantly higher and the apoptosis rate was significantly lower using 200 μM PIP-treated oocytes (200 PIP). In the 200 PIP group, the level of reactive oxygen species at the metaphase II stage was decreased, accompanied by an increased level of glutathione and increased expression of antioxidant processes (Nrf2, CAT, HO-1, SOD1, and SOD2). Consistently, chromosome misalignment and aberrant spindle organization were alleviated and phosphorylated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity was increased in the 200 PIP group. Expression of development-related (CDX2, NANOG, POU5F1, and SOX2), anti-apoptotic (BCL2L1 and BIRC5), and pro-apoptotic (BAK, FAS, and CASP3) processes was altered in the 200 PIP group. Ultimately, embryo development was improved in the 200 PIP group following somatic cell nuclear transfer. These findings suggest that PIP improves the quality of porcine oocytes by reducing oxidative stress, which inevitably arises via IVM. In-depth mechanistic studies of porcine oocytes will improve the efficiencies of assisted reproductive technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seo Lim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Department of Bio Medical Informatics, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Cronex Co., 110 Hwangtalli-gil, Gangnae-myeon, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28174, South Korea
| | - Min-Jee Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Han
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Han-Bi Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Department of Bio Medical Informatics, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, 1502 isbiz-tower 147, Seongsui-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04795, South Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Department of Bio Medical Informatics, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju, Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 63243, South Korea; Mirae Cell Bio, 1502 isbiz-tower 147, Seongsui-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04795, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malin K, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Papis K. The many problems of somatic cell nuclear transfer in reproductive cloning of mammals. Theriogenology 2022; 189:246-254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
3
|
Ryu J, Statz JP, Chan W, Burch FC, Brigande JV, Kempton B, Porsov EV, Renner L, McGill T, Burwitz BJ, Hanna CB, Neuringer M, Hennebold JD. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the MYO7A gene in rhesus macaque embryos to generate a primate model of Usher syndrome type 1B. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10036. [PMID: 35710827 PMCID: PMC9203743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13689-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the MYO7A gene lead to Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B), a disease characterized by congenital deafness, vision loss, and balance impairment. To create a nonhuman primate (NHP) USH1B model, CRISPR/Cas9 was used to disrupt MYO7A in rhesus macaque zygotes. The targeting efficiency of Cas9 mRNA and hybridized crRNA-tracrRNA (hyb-gRNA) was compared to Cas9 nuclease (Nuc) protein and synthetic single guide (sg)RNAs. Nuc/sgRNA injection led to higher editing efficiencies relative to mRNA/hyb-gRNAs. Mutations were assessed by preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) and those with the desired mutations were transferred into surrogates. A pregnancy was established from an embryo where 92.1% of the PGT sequencing reads possessed a single G insertion that leads to a premature stop codon. Analysis of single peripheral blood leukocytes from the infant revealed that half the cells possessed the homozygous single base insertion and the remaining cells had the wild-type MYO7A sequence. The infant showed sensitive auditory thresholds beginning at 3 months. Although further optimization is needed, our studies demonstrate that it is feasible to use CRISPR technologies for creating NHP models of human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Ryu
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - John P Statz
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - William Chan
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Fernanda C Burch
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - John V Brigande
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Beth Kempton
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Edward V Porsov
- Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Hearing Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Lauren Renner
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Trevor McGill
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Benjamin J Burwitz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Carol B Hanna
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Assisted Reproductive Technologies Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Martha Neuringer
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Jon D Hennebold
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee Y, Trout A, Marti-Gutierrez N, Kang S, Xie P, Mikhalchenko A, Kim B, Choi J, So S, Han J, Xu J, Koski A, Ma H, Yoon JD, Van Dyken C, Darby H, Liang D, Li Y, Tippner-Hedges R, Xu F, Amato P, Palermo GD, Mitalipov S, Kang E. Haploidy in somatic cells is induced by mature oocytes in mice. Commun Biol 2022; 5:95. [PMID: 35079104 PMCID: PMC8789866 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Haploidy is naturally observed in gametes; however, attempts of experimentally inducing haploidy in somatic cells have not been successful. Here, we demonstrate that the replacement of meiotic spindles in mature metaphases II (MII) arrested oocytes with nuclei of somatic cells in the G0/G1 stage of cell cycle results in the formation of de novo spindles consisting of somatic homologous chromosomes comprising of single chromatids. Fertilization of such oocytes with sperm triggers the extrusion of one set of homologous chromosomes into the pseudo-polar body (PPB), resulting in a zygote with haploid somatic and sperm pronuclei (PN). Upon culture, 18% of somatic-sperm zygotes reach the blastocyst stage, and 16% of them possess heterozygous diploid genomes consisting of somatic haploid and sperm homologs across all chromosomes. We also generate embryonic stem cells and live offspring from somatic-sperm embryos. Our finding may offer an alternative strategy for generating oocytes carrying somatic genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonmi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea
- Center for Embryo and Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea
| | - Aysha Trout
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Nuria Marti-Gutierrez
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Seoon Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Philip Xie
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Aleksei Mikhalchenko
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Bitnara Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jiwan Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Seongjun So
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology (AMIST), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jongsuk Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea
| | - Jing Xu
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97006, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Amy Koski
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Junchul David Yoon
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Crystal Van Dyken
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hayley Darby
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Dan Liang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Rebecca Tippner-Hedges
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Fuhua Xu
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Paula Amato
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Gianpiero D Palermo
- The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA.
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
| | - Eunju Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea.
- Center for Embryo and Stem Cell Research, CHA Advanced Research Institute, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13488, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Park JE, Sasaki E. Assisted Reproductive Techniques and Genetic Manipulation in the Common Marmoset. ILAR J 2021; 61:286-303. [PMID: 33693670 PMCID: PMC8918153 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic modification of nonhuman primate (NHP) zygotes is a useful method for the development of NHP models of human diseases. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of assisted reproductive and genetic manipulation techniques in NHP, providing the basis for the generation of genetically modified NHP disease models. In this study, we review assisted reproductive techniques, including ovarian stimulation, in vitro maturation of oocytes, in vitro fertilization, embryo culture, embryo transfer, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection protocols in marmosets. Furthermore, we review genetic manipulation techniques, including transgenic strategies, target gene knock-out and knock-in using gene editing protocols, and newly developed gene-editing approaches that may potentially impact the production of genetically manipulated NHP models. We further discuss the progress of assisted reproductive and genetic manipulation techniques in NHP; future prospects on genetically modified NHP models for biomedical research are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Marmoset Biology and Medicine, Central Institute for Experimental Animals in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
McLean ZL, Appleby SJ, Fermin LM, Henderson HV, Wei J, Wells DN, Oback B. Controlled Cytoplast Arrest and Morula Aggregation Enhance Development, Cryoresilience, and In Vivo Survival of Cloned Sheep Embryos. Cell Reprogram 2021; 23:14-25. [PMID: 33529123 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2020.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zona-free somatic cell transfer (SCT) and embryo aggregation increase throughput and efficiency of cloned embryo and offspring production, respectively, but both approaches have not been widely adopted. Cloning efficiency is further improved by cell cycle coordination between the interphase donor cell and metaphase-arrested recipient cytoplast. This commonly involves inclusion of caffeine and omission of calcium to maintain high mitotic cyclin-dependent kinase activity and low calcium levels, respectively, in the nonactivated cytoplast. The aim of our study was to integrate these various methodological improvements into a single work stream that increases sheep cloning success. We show that omitting calcium during zona-free SCT improved blastocyst development from 6% to 13%, while caffeine treatment reduced spontaneous oocyte activation from 17% to 8%. In a retrospective analysis, morula aggregation produced high morphological quality blastocysts with better in vivo survival to term than nonaggregated controls (15% vs. 9%), particularly after vitrification (14% vs. 0%). By combining cytoplast cell cycle control with zona-free embryo reconstruction and aggregation, this novel SCT protocol maximizes the benefits of vitrification by producing more cryoresilient blastocysts. The presented cloning methodology is relatively easy to operate and further increases throughput and efficiency of cloned embryo and offspring production. Integration of additional reprogramming steps or alternate donor cells is straightforward, providing a flexible workflow that can be adapted to changing experimental requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Louis McLean
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Applied Translational Research Group and Centre for Brain Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Jane Appleby
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Jingwei Wei
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - David Norman Wells
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Björn Oback
- Reproduction, AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Damasceno Teixeira TV, Fry RC, McKinnon A, Fry KL, Kelly JM, Verma PJ, Burden C, Salamone DF, Gambini A. Targeting epigenetic nuclear reprogramming in aggregated cloned equine embryos. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020; 31:1885-1893. [PMID: 31581975 DOI: 10.1071/rd19239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic perturbations during the reprogramming process have been described as the primary cause of the low efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In this study, we tested three strategies targeting nuclear reprogramming to investigate effects on equine SCNT. First, we evaluated the effect of treating somatic cells with chetomin, a fungal secondary metabolite reported to inhibit the trimethylation on histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9 me3). Second, caffeine was added to the culture medium during the enucleation of oocytes and before activation of reconstructed embryos as a protein phosphatase inhibitor to improve nuclear reprogramming. Third, we tested the effects of the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) added during both activation and early embryo culture. Although none of these treatments significantly improved the developmental rates of the invitro aggregated cloned equine embryos, the first equine cloned foal born in Australia was produced with somatic cells treated with chetomin. The present study describes the use of chetomin, caffeine and TSA for the first time in horses, serving as a starting point for the establishment of future protocols to target epigenetic reprogramming for improving the efficiency of equine cloning. Cloning is an expensive and inefficient process, but has gained particular interest in the equine industry. In this study we explored different strategies to improve cloning efficiency and produced the first cloned foal born in Australia. Our data serve as a starting point for the establishment of future protocols for improving equine cloning efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago V Damasceno Teixeira
- Laboratory of Animal and Meat Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Richard C Fry
- Laboratory of Animal and Meat Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Angus McKinnon
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, 905 Goulburn Valley Highway, Congupna, Victoria 3633, Australia
| | - Kerri L Fry
- Laboratory of Animal and Meat Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Kelly
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Turretfield Research Centre, Holland Road, Rosedale, 5350, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul J Verma
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Turretfield Research Centre, Holland Road, Rosedale, 5350, South Australia, Australia
| | - Chelsie Burden
- Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, 905 Goulburn Valley Highway, Congupna, Victoria 3633, Australia
| | - Daniel F Salamone
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gambini
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, C1417DSE, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; and Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Moulavi F, Asadi-Moghadam B, Omidi M, Yarmohammadi M, Ozegovic M, Rastegar A, Hosseini SM. Pregnancy and Calving Rates of Cloned Dromedary Camels Produced by Conventional and Handmade Cloning Techniques and In Vitro and In Vivo Matured Oocytes. Mol Biotechnol 2020; 62:433-442. [PMID: 32666261 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-020-00262-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite practical implication of cloning in camelids, its broad application has been hampered by technical and biological problems. Method of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and oocyte competence are the principal technical and biological factors, respectively, that determine the cloning efficiency. This study, therefore, investigated differential contributions of two SCNT methods [modified handmade cloning (mHMC) vs. conventional (cNT)] and two recipient oocyte sources [abattoir-derived (Vitro) vs. FSH-stimulated (Vivo)] on the efficiency of dromedary camel cloning. The mHMC method supported similar rates of fusion, cleavage, and total blastocyst development, compared to conventional NT (cNT) (94, 89.1, and 68.5% vs. 78.9, 92, and 73.5%, respectively) when Vivo oocytes are used. However, using Vitro oocytes, mHMC supported significantly higher rates for these criteria, except for the cleavage, compared to cNT (95.5, 76.2, 25.2% vs. 75.3, 76.7, and 13.9%, respectively). A total of seven clones were born from mHMC/Vitro (four calves), mHMC/Vivo (one calf), cNT/Vitro (one calf), and mHMC/Vivo&Vivo (one calf)-derived embryos with overall efficiencies of 31.9, 26.6, 20, and 30% for initial pregnancy, 10.6, 6.6, 7.5, and 5% for development to term, and 8.5, 6.6, 2.5, 5% for development to weaving, respectively. To conclude, the quality of recipient oocyte greatly impacts cloning efficiency in vitro with no apparent carrying over effect on cloning efficiency in vivo, but the efficiency of SCNT method may compensate for the initial poor oocyte competence during in vitro and in vivo development of cloned embryos. The introduced mHMC could be a superior alternative to conventional method for simple, fast, and efficient production of cloned offspring in camelids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Moulavi
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - B Asadi-Moghadam
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Omidi
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Yarmohammadi
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Ozegovic
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Rastegar
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - S M Hosseini
- Department of Embryology, Camel Advanced Reproductive Technologies Centre, Government of Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gouveia C, Huyser C, Egli D, Pepper MS. Lessons Learned from Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072314. [PMID: 32230814 PMCID: PMC7177533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been an area of interest in the field of stem cell research and regenerative medicine for the past 20 years. The main biological goal of SCNT is to reverse the differentiated state of a somatic cell, for the purpose of creating blastocysts from which embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be derived for therapeutic cloning, or for the purpose of reproductive cloning. However, the consensus is that the low efficiency in creating normal viable offspring in animals by SCNT (1–5%) and the high number of abnormalities seen in these cloned animals is due to epigenetic reprogramming failure. In this review we provide an overview of the current literature on SCNT, focusing on protocol development, which includes early SCNT protocol deficiencies and optimizations along with donor cell type and cell cycle synchrony; epigenetic reprogramming in SCNT; current protocol optimizations such as nuclear reprogramming strategies that can be applied to improve epigenetic reprogramming by SCNT; applications of SCNT; the ethical and legal implications of SCNT in humans; and specific lessons learned for establishing an optimized SCNT protocol using a mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantel Gouveia
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +27-(0)76-546-5119
| | - Carin Huyser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reproductive Biology Laboratory, University of Pretoria, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Michael S. Pepper
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Extramural Unit for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Qu P, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liu E. Insights into the roles of sperm in animal cloning. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:65. [PMID: 32070430 PMCID: PMC7027237 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has shown a wide application in the generation of transgenic animals, protection of endangered animals, and therapeutic cloning. However, the efficiency of SCNT remains very low due to some poorly characterized key factors. Compared with fertilized embryos, somatic donor cells lack some important components of sperm, such as sperm small noncoding RNA (sncRNA) and proteins. Loss of these factors is considered an important reason for the abnormal development of SCNT embryo. This study focused on recent advances of SCNT and the roles of sperm in development. Sperm-derived factors play an important role in nucleus reprogramming and cytoskeleton remodeling during SCNT embryo development. Hence, considering the role of sperm may provide a new strategy for improving cloning efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengsheng Zhang
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.,The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, No.76, Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim G, Roy PK, Fang X, Hassan BM, Cho J. Improved preimplantation development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by caffeine treatment. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e31. [PMID: 31161749 PMCID: PMC6538509 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of a caffeine treatment to improve nuclear reprogramming in porcine cloned embryos. Embryonic development and the expression of genes related to pluripotency (POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, and CDX2) were compared after caffeine supplementation during manipulation at different concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mM) and after varying the delayed activation time (control, 1, 2, and 4 h) after fusion. Caffeine added to media during manipulation produced a higher rate of development to blastocysts in the 1.25 mM group than in the other concentration groups (22.8% vs. 16.1%, 16.2%, and 19.2%; p < 0.05). When caffeine was added during the 4 h delayed activation, the 1.25 mM caffeine concentration produced a significantly higher rate of development than those in the other 4 h-activation-delayed caffeine concentration groups (22.4% vs. 9.4%, 14.0%, and 11.1%; p < 0.05). On the other hand, no significant improvement over that in the control group was observed when caffeine was supplemented during both the manipulation period and delayed activation period (16.0% vs. 15.2%), respectively. The levels of POU5F1, SOX2, and NANOG expression in blastocysts were significantly higher in the delayed activation caffeine group (4 h, 1.25 mM) than in the control group (1 h, 0 mM; p < 0.05). In conclusion, a caffeine treatment at 1.25 mM during delayed activation for 4 h can improve the preimplantation development of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by activating nuclear reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghangyong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.,Xenotransplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Pantu Kumar Roy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Xun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Bahia Ms Hassan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Park JE, Silva AC. Generation of genetically engineered non-human primate models of brain function and neurological disorders. Am J Primatol 2018; 81:e22931. [PMID: 30585654 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Research with non-human primates (NHP) has been essential and effective in increasing our ability to find cures for a large number of diseases that cause human suffering and death. Extending the availability and use of genetic engineering techniques to NHP will allow the creation and study of NHP models of human disease, as well as broaden our understanding of neural circuits in the primate brain. With the recent development of efficient genetic engineering techniques that can be used for NHP, there's increased hope that NHP will significantly accelerate our understanding of the etiology of human neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this article, we review the present state of genetic engineering tools used in NHP, from the early efforts to induce exogeneous gene expression in macaques and marmosets, to the latest results in producing germline transmission of different transgenes and the establishment of knockout lines of specific genes. We conclude with future perspectives on the further development and employment of these tools to generate genetically engineered NHP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Park
- Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Afonso C Silva
- Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Trounson AO, French AJ. Challenges and ethical considerations for using cloned primates for human brain discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2018; 13:1071-1074. [PMID: 30360661 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2018.1540585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan O Trounson
- a Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Monash University , Clayton , Australia
| | - Andrew J French
- a Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Monash University , Clayton , Australia.,b Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, Centre for Animal Biotechnology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Caplan AL. Monkey see, Humans Won't Do—the misguided reaction to the first cloning of primates. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201845912. [DOI: 10.15252/embr.201845912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
15
|
Liu Z, Cai Y, Wang Y, Nie Y, Zhang C, Xu Y, Zhang X, Lu Y, Wang Z, Poo M, Sun Q. Cloning of Macaque Monkeys by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Cell 2018; 172:881-887.e7. [PMID: 29395327 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Generation of genetically uniform non-human primates may help to establish animal models for primate biology and biomedical research. In this study, we have successfully cloned cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). We found that injection of H3K9me3 demethylase Kdm4d mRNA and treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A at one-cell stage following SCNT greatly improved blastocyst development and pregnancy rate of transplanted SCNT embryos in surrogate monkeys. For SCNT using fetal monkey fibroblasts, 6 pregnancies were confirmed in 21 surrogates and yielded 2 healthy babies. For SCNT using adult monkey cumulus cells, 22 pregnancies were confirmed in 42 surrogates and yielded 2 babies that were short-lived. In both cases, genetic analyses confirmed that the nuclear DNA and mitochondria DNA of the monkey offspring originated from the nucleus donor cell and the oocyte donor monkey, respectively. Thus, cloning macaque monkeys by SCNT is feasible using fetal fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanyang Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Muming Poo
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ishizuya-Oka A. How thyroid hormone regulates transformation of larval epithelial cells into adult stem cells in the amphibian intestine. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:98-103. [PMID: 28232053 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the amphibian intestine during metamorphosis, a small number of larval epithelial cells dedifferentiate into adult stem cells that newly form the adult epithelium analogous to the mammalian counterpart, while most of them undergo apoptosis. Because this larval-to-adult intestinal remodeling can be experimentally induced by thyroid hormone (TH) both in vivo and in vitro, TH response genes identified in the Xenopus intestine provide us valuable clues to investigating how adult stem cells and their niche are formed during postembryonic development. Their expression and functional analyses by using the culture and recent transgenic (Tg) techniques have shed light on key signaling pathways essential for intestinal stem cell development. The present review focuses on such recent findings and discusses the evolutionally conserved roles of TH in development or maintenance of the stem cells which are common to the terrestrial vertebrate intestines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ishizuya-Oka
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baek JI, Seol DW, Lee AR, Lee WS, Yoon SY, Lee DR. Maintained MPF Level after Oocyte Vitrification Improves Embryonic Development after IVF, but not after Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Mol Cells 2017; 40:871-879. [PMID: 29145719 PMCID: PMC5712517 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of maturation-promoting factor (MPF) in oocytes decline after vitrification, and this decline has been suggested as one of the main causes of low developmental competence resulting from cryoinjury. Here, we evaluated MPF activity in vitrified mouse eggs following treatment with caffeine, a known stimulator of MPF activity, and/or the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Collected MII oocytes were vitrified and divided into four groups: untreated, 10 mM caffeine (CA), 10 μM MG132 (MG), and 10 mM caffeine +10 μM MG132 (CA+MG). After warming, the MPF activity of oocytes and their blastocyst formation and implantation rates in the CA, MG, and CA+MG groups were much higher than those in the untreated group. However, the cell numbers in blastocysts did not differ among groups. Analysis of the effectiveness of caffeine and MG132 for improving somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology using cryopreserved eggs showed that supplementation did not improve the blastocyst formation rate of cloned mouse eggs. These results suggest that maintaining MPF activity after cryopreservation may have a positive effect on further embryonic development, but is unable to fully overcome cryoinjury. Thus, intrinsic factors governing the developmental potential that diminish during oocyte cryopreservation should be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji I Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488,
Korea
| | - Dong-Won Seol
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488,
Korea
| | - Ah-Reum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488,
Korea
| | - Woo Sik Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06135,
Korea
| | - Sook-Young Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488,
Korea
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06135,
Korea
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488,
Korea
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul 06135,
Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Martínez-Cerdeño V, Barrilleaux BL, McDonough A, Ariza J, Yuen BTK, Somanath P, Le CT, Steward C, Horton-Sparks K, Knoepfler PS. Behavior of Xeno-Transplanted Undifferentiated Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Is Impacted by Microenvironment Without Evidence of Tumors. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1409-1423. [PMID: 28693365 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) have great clinical potential through the use of their differentiated progeny, a population in which there is some concern over risks of tumorigenicity or other unwanted cellular behavior due to residual hPSC. Preclinical studies using human stem cells are most often performed within a xenotransplant context. In this study, we sought to measure how undifferentiated hPSC behave following xenotransplant. We directly transplanted undifferentiated human induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSC) and human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into the adult mouse brain ventricle and analyzed their fates. No tumors or precancerous lesions were present at more than one year after transplantation. This result differed with the tumorigenic capacity we observed after allotransplantation of mouse ESC into the mouse brain. A substantial population of cellular derivatives of undifferentiated hESC and hIPSC engrafted, survived, and migrated within the mouse brain parenchyma. Within brain structures, transplanted cell distribution followed a very specific pattern, suggesting the existence of distinct microenvironments that offer different degrees of permissibility for engraftment. Most of the transplanted hESC and hIPSC that developed into brain cells were NeuN+ neuronal cells, and no astrocytes were detected. Substantial cell and nuclear fusion occurred between host and transplanted cells, a phenomenon influenced by microenvironment. Overall, hIPSC appear to be largely functionally equivalent to hESC in vivo. Altogether, these data bring new insights into the behavior of stem cells without prior differentiation following xenotransplantation into the adult brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Martínez-Cerdeño
- 1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California.,2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California.,3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Bonnie L Barrilleaux
- 2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California.,3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California
| | - Ashley McDonough
- 3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Jeanelle Ariza
- 3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Benjamin T K Yuen
- 2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California.,3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California
| | - Priyanka Somanath
- 2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California.,3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California
| | - Catherine T Le
- 2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California.,3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California
| | - Craig Steward
- 3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Kayla Horton-Sparks
- 3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California
| | - Paul S Knoepfler
- 2 Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California.,3 Institute of Pediatric Regenerative Medicine , Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, California.,4 Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis School of Medicine , Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shufaro Y, Reubinoff BE. Nuclear Treatment and Cell Cycle Synchronization for the Purpose of Mammalian and Primate Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1524:289-298. [PMID: 27815910 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6603-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technically and biologically challenging procedure inducing rapid reprogramming of the nucleus from the differentiated into the totipotent state in a few hours. This procedure was initially successfully accomplished in farm animals, then in rodents, and more recently in primates and in humans. Though ethical concerns regarding SCNT still exist, this procedure can be utilized to generate patient and disease-specific pluripotent embryonic stem cell lines, which carry a great promise in improving our understanding of major disease conditions and a hope for better therapies and regenerative medicine. In this section, we will survey the existing literature and describe how mouse SCNT is performed and the importance of donor cell treatment and cycle synchronization prior to SCNT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Shufaro
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Beilinson Women's Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel. .,The Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Benjamin E Reubinoff
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cells Research Center, The Goldyne-Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wolf DP, Morey R, Kang E, Ma H, Hayama T, Laurent LC, Mitalipov S. Concise Review: Embryonic Stem Cells Derived by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer: A Horse in the Race? Stem Cells 2016; 35:26-34. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Don P. Wolf
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Oregon USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University; Beaverton Oregon USA
| | - Robert Morey
- Department of Reproductive Medicine; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California; San Diego, La Jolla California USA
| | - Eunju Kang
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Oregon USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University; Beaverton Oregon USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Oregon USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University; Beaverton Oregon USA
| | - Tomonari Hayama
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Oregon USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University; Beaverton Oregon USA
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Reproductive Medicine; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California; San Diego, La Jolla California USA
| | - Shoukhrat Mitalipov
- Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy, Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Oregon USA
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University; Beaverton Oregon USA
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute; Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Oregon USA
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular and Medical Genetics, and Biomedical Engineering; Oregon Health & Science University; Portland Oregon USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilmut I, Bai Y, Taylor J. Somatic cell nuclear transfer: origins, the present position and future opportunities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 370:20140366. [PMID: 26416677 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transfer that involves the transfer of the nucleus from a donor cell into an oocyte or early embryo from which the chromosomes have been removed was considered first as a means of assessing changes during development in the ability of the nucleus to control development. In mammals, development of embryos produced by nuclear transfer depends upon coordination of the cell cycles of donor and recipient cells. Our analysis of nuclear potential was completed in 1996 when a nucleus from an adult ewe mammary gland cell controlled development to term of Dolly the sheep. The new procedure has been used to target the first precise genetic modification into livestock; however, the greatest inheritance of the Dolly experiment was to make biologists think differently. If unknown factors in the recipient oocyte could reprogramme the nucleus to a stage very early in development then there must be other ways of making that change. Within 10 years, two laboratories working independently established protocols by which the introduction of selected transcription factors changes a small proportion of the treated cells to pluripotent stem cells. This ability to produce 'induced pluripotent stem cells' is providing revolutionary new opportunities in research and cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wilmut
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, BioQuarter, 5, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Yu Bai
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, BioQuarter, 5, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Jane Taylor
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, BioQuarter, 5, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Malter H, Cohen J. Is there a clinical future for GV manipulation? Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 31:4-5. [PMID: 26141937 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
23
|
Erratum: Corrigendum: Producing primate embryonic stem cells by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Nature 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
24
|
Tachibana M, Sparman M, Sritanaudomchai H, Ma H, Clepper L, Woodward J, Li Y, Ramsey C, Kolotushkina O, Mitalipov S. Erratum: Corrigendum: Mitochondrial gene replacement in primate offspring and embryonic stem cells. Nature 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/nature14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Ramesh T, Lee SH, Lee CS, Kwon YW, Cho HJ. Somatic cell dedifferentiation/reprogramming for regenerative medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 2:18-27. [PMID: 24855516 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2009.2.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of dedifferentiation or reprogramming of a somatic cell into a pluripotent embryonic stem cell-like cell (ES-like cell), which give rise to three germ layers and differentiate various cell types, opens a new era in stem cell biology and provides potential therapeutic modality in regenerative medicine. Here, we outline current dedifferentiation/reprogramming methods and their technical hurdles, and the safety and therapeutic applications of reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine. This review summarizes the concept and data of somatic cell nuclear transfer, fusion of somatic cells with ES cells, viral or non-viral transduction of pluripotency-related genes into somatic cells, introduction of extract (or proteins) of pluripotent cells into somatic cells. Dedifferentiated/reprogrammed ES-like cells could be a perfect genetic match (autologous or tailored pluripotent stem cells) for future applications. Further studies regarding technical refinements as well as mechanistic analysis of dedifferentiation induction and re-differentiation into specific cell types will provide us with the substantial application of pluripotent stem cells to therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiyagarajan Ramesh
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choon-Soo Lee
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Innovative Research Institute for Cell Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea ; National Research Laboratory for Cardiovascular Stem Cells, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The remarkable ability of oocytes to reinstate the totipotent state from a unipotent somatic cell, allowing the cloning of animals and the generation of human stem cells, has fascinated scientists for decades. Due to the complexity of oocytes, it has remained challenging to understand the rapid reprogramming following nuclear transfer at a molecular level. Conversely, the detailed characterization of molecular mechanisms is also often insufficient to comprehend the functional relevance of a complex molecular process, such as the dissociation of transcription factors from chromatin during cell division, the role of chromatin modifications in cellular memory, or of cell type-specific DNA replication. This review attempts to bridge the gap between nuclear transfer and molecular biology by focusing on the role of the cell cycle in reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloryn Chia
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Naomi Berric Diabetes Center, Columbia University , New York, NY 10032
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Histone variant H3.3 is an essential maternal factor for oocyte reprogramming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:7325-30. [PMID: 24799717 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406389111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature oocyte cytoplasm can reprogram somatic cell nuclei to the pluripotent state through a series of sequential events including protein exchange between the donor nucleus and ooplasm, chromatin remodeling, and pluripotency gene reactivation. Maternal factors that are responsible for this reprogramming process remain largely unidentified. Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of histone variant H3.3 in mouse oocytes results in compromised reprogramming and down-regulation of key pluripotency genes; and this compromised reprogramming for developmental potentials and transcription of pluripotency genes can be rescued by injecting exogenous H3.3 mRNA, but not H3.2 mRNA, into oocytes in somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. We show that maternal H3.3, and not H3.3 in the donor nucleus, is essential for successful reprogramming of somatic cell nucleus into the pluripotent state. Furthermore, H3.3 is involved in this reprogramming process by remodeling the donor nuclear chromatin through replacement of donor nucleus-derived H3 with de novo synthesized maternal H3.3 protein. Our study shows that H3.3 is a crucial maternal factor for oocyte reprogramming and provides a practical model to directly dissect the oocyte for its reprogramming capacity.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nuclear reprogramming by interphase cytoplasm of two-cell mouse embryos. Nature 2014; 509:101-4. [PMID: 24670652 PMCID: PMC4124901 DOI: 10.1038/nature13134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Successful mammalian cloning using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) into unfertilized, metaphase II (MII)-arrested oocytes attests to the cytoplasmic presence of reprogramming factors capable of inducing totipotency in somatic cell nuclei. However, these poorly defined maternal factors presumably decline sharply after fertilization, as the cytoplasm of pronuclear-stage zygotes is reportedly inactive. Recent evidence suggests that zygotic cytoplasm, if maintained at metaphase, can also support derivation of embryonic stem (ES) cells after SCNT, albeit at low efficiency. This led to the conclusion that critical oocyte reprogramming factors present in the metaphase but not in the interphase cytoplasm are 'trapped' inside the nucleus during interphase and effectively removed during enucleation. Here we investigated the presence of reprogramming activity in the cytoplasm of interphase two-cell mouse embryos (I2C). First, the presence of candidate reprogramming factors was documented in both intact and enucleated metaphase and interphase zygotes and two-cell embryos. Consequently, enucleation did not provide a likely explanation for the inability of interphase cytoplasm to induce reprogramming. Second, when we carefully synchronized the cell cycle stage between the transplanted nucleus (ES cell, fetal fibroblast or terminally differentiated cumulus cell) and the recipient I2C cytoplasm, the reconstructed SCNT embryos developed into blastocysts and ES cells capable of contributing to traditional germline and tetraploid chimaeras. Last, direct transfer of cloned embryos, reconstructed with ES cell nuclei, into recipients resulted in live offspring. Thus, the cytoplasm of I2C supports efficient reprogramming, with cell cycle synchronization between the donor nucleus and recipient cytoplasm as the most critical parameter determining success. The ability to use interphase cytoplasm in SCNT could aid efforts to generate autologous human ES cells for regenerative applications, as donated or discarded embryos are more accessible than unfertilized MII oocytes.
Collapse
|
29
|
A caffeine fix for human nuclear transfer? Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31:717-9. [PMID: 23929349 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
30
|
Park SK, Roh S, Park JI. A simplified one-step nuclear transfer procedure alters the gene expression patterns and developmental potential of cloned porcine embryos. J Vet Sci 2013; 15:73-80. [PMID: 23820223 PMCID: PMC3973768 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Various somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) techniques for mammalian species have been developed to adjust species-specific procedures to oocyte-associated differences among species. Species-specific SCNT protocols may result in different expression levels of developmentally important genes that may affect embryonic development and pregnancy. In the present study, porcine oocytes were treated with demecolcine that facilitated enucleation with protruding genetic material. Enucleation and donor cell injection were performed either simultaneously with a single pipette (simplified one-step SCNT; SONT) or separately with different pipettes (conventional two-step SCNT; CTNT) as the control procedure. After blastocysts from both groups were cultured in vitro, the expression levels of developmentally important genes (OCT4, NANOG, EOMES, CDX2, GLUT-1, PolyA, and HSP70) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Both the developmental rate according to blastocyst stage as well as the expression levels CDX2, EOMES, and HSP70 were elevated with SONT compared to CTNT. The genes with elevated expression are known to influence trophectoderm formation and heat stress-induced arrest. These results showed that our SONT technique improved the development of SCNT porcine embryos, and increased the expression of genes that are important for placental formation and stress-induced arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Kyu Park
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 110-749, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tachibana M, Amato P, Sparman M, Gutierrez NM, Tippner-Hedges R, Ma H, Kang E, Fulati A, Lee HS, Sritanaudomchai H, Masterson K, Larson J, Eaton D, Sadler-Fredd K, Battaglia D, Lee D, Wu D, Jensen J, Patton P, Gokhale S, Stouffer RL, Wolf D, Mitalipov S. Human embryonic stem cells derived by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Cell 2013; 153:1228-38. [PMID: 23683578 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming somatic cells into pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has been envisioned as an approach for generating patient-matched nuclear transfer (NT)-ESCs for studies of disease mechanisms and for developing specific therapies. Past attempts to produce human NT-ESCs have failed secondary to early embryonic arrest of SCNT embryos. Here, we identified premature exit from meiosis in human oocytes and suboptimal activation as key factors that are responsible for these outcomes. Optimized SCNT approaches designed to circumvent these limitations allowed derivation of human NT-ESCs. When applied to premium quality human oocytes, NT-ESC lines were derived from as few as two oocytes. NT-ESCs displayed normal diploid karyotypes and inherited their nuclear genome exclusively from parental somatic cells. Gene expression and differentiation profiles in human NT-ESCs were similar to embryo-derived ESCs, suggesting efficient reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Tachibana
- Division of Reproductive & Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rapid mitochondrial DNA segregation in primate preimplantation embryos precedes somatic and germline bottleneck. Cell Rep 2013; 1:506-15. [PMID: 22701816 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing and mechanisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) segregation and transmission in mammals are poorly understood. Genetic bottleneck in female germ cells has been proposed as the main phenomenon responsible for rapid intergenerational segregation of heteroplasmic mtDNA. We demonstrate here that mtDNA segregation occurs during primate preimplantation embryogenesis resulting in partitioning of mtDNA variants between daughter blastomeres. A substantial shift toward homoplasmy occurred in fetuses and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from these heteroplasmic embryos. We also observed a wide range of heteroplasmic mtDNA variants distributed in individual oocytes recovered from these fetuses. Thus, we present here evidence for a previously unknown mtDNA segregation and bottleneck during preimplantation embryo development, suggesting that return to the homoplasmic condition can occur during development of an individual organism from the zygote to birth, without a passage through the germline.
Collapse
|
33
|
Moulavi F, Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Forouzanfar M, Abedi P, Ostadhosseini S, Asgari V, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Nuclear transfer technique affects mRNA abundance, developmental competence and cell fate of the reconstituted sheep oocytes. Reproduction 2013; 145:345-55. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The effect of technical steps of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) on different aspects of cloned embryo development was investigated in sheep.In vitro-matured oocytes were enucleated in the presence or absence of zona and reconstituted by three different SCNT techniques: conventional zona-intact (ZI-NT), standard zona-free (ZF-NT) and intracytoplasmic nuclear injection (ICI-NT). Stepwise alterations in nuclear remodeling events and in mRNA abundances, throughput and efficiency of cloned embryo development and cell allocation of the resulted blastocysts were assessed. Early signs of nuclear remodeling were observed as soon as 2 h post-reconstitution (hpr) for fusion-based methods of nuclear transfer (ZI-NT and ZF-NT) but were not observable until 4 hpr with the ICI-NT method. The relative mRNA abundances ofHSP90AA1(HSP90),NPM2andATPasegenes were not affected by i) presence or absence of zona, ii) oocyte enucleation method and iii) nuclear transfer method. After reconstitution, however, the relative mRNA contents ofPOU5F1(OCT4) with the ZI-NT and ZF-NT methods and ofPAPOLA(PAP) with ZF-NT were significantly lower than those for the ICI-NT method. Zona removal doubled the throughput of cloned blastocyst development for the ZF-NT technique compared with ZI-NT and ICI-NT. Cleavage rate was not affected by the SCNT protocol, whereas blastocyst yield rate in ICI-NT technique (17.0±1.0%) was significantly (P<0.05; ANOVA) higher than in ZF-NT (7.1±1.5%) but not in the ZI-NT group (11.2±3.3%). Despite the similarities in total cell number, SCNT protocol changed the distribution of cells in the blastocysts, as ZF-NT-cloned blastocysts had significantly smaller inner cell mass than ZI-NT. These results indicate that technical aspects of cloning may result in the variety of cloning phenotypes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Ishizuya-Oka A, Hasebe T. Establishment of intestinal stem cell niche during amphibian metamorphosis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2013; 103:305-27. [PMID: 23347524 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385979-2.00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the amphibian intestine during metamorphosis, most of the larval epithelial cells undergo apoptosis, whereas a small number of them survive. These cells dedifferentiate into stem cells through interactions with the microenvironment referred to as "stem cell niche" and generate the adult epithelium analogous to the mammalian counterpart. Since all processes of the larval-to-adult intestinal remodeling can be experimentally induced by thyroid hormone (TH) both in vivo and in vitro, the amphibian intestine provides us a valuable opportunity to study how adult stem cells and their niche are formed during postembryonic development. To address this issue, a number of expression and functional analyses of TH response genes have been intensely performed in the Xenopus laevis over the past two decades, by using organ culture and transgenic techniques. We here review recent progress in this field, focusing on key signaling pathways involved in establishment of the stem cell niche and discuss their evolutionarily conserved roles in the vertebrate intestine.
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen YH, Yu J. Ectopic expression of Fgf3 leads to aberrant lineage segregation in the mouse parthenote preimplantation embryos. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:1651-64. [PMID: 22930543 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parthenogenetic mammalian embryos were reported to die in utero no later than the 25-somite stage due to abnormal development of both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages. Interestingly, it has been shown that parthenogenetic ICM cells tend to differentiate more into primitive endoderm cells and less into epiblast and ES cells. Hence we are interested in studying the molecular mechanisms underlying lineage defects of parthenotes. RESULTS We found that parthenote inner cell masses (ICMs) contained decreased numbers of Sox2(+) /Nanog(+) epiblast cells but increased numbers of Gata4(+) primitive endoderm cells, indicating an unusual lineage segregation. We demonstrate for the first time that the increased Gata4 level in parthenotes may be explained by the strong up-regulation of Fgf3 and Fgfr2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Fgfr2 activation by SU5402 in parthenotes restored normal Nanog and Gata4 levels without affecting Fgf3, indicating that Fgf3 is upstream of Fgfr2 activation. In parthenote trophectoderm, we detected normal Cdx2 but ectopic Gata4 expression and reduced Elf5 and Tbr2(Eomes) levels. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our work provides for the first time the insight into the molecular mechanisms of the developmental defects of parthenogenetic embryos in both the trophectoderm and ICM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pan G, Wang T, Yao H, Pei D. Somatic cell reprogramming for regenerative medicine: SCNT vs. iPS cells. Bioessays 2012; 34:472-6. [PMID: 22419173 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state holds huge potentials for regenerative medicine. However, a debate over which method is better, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) or induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, still persists. Both approaches have the potential to generate patient-specific pluripotent stem cells for replacement therapy. Yet, although SCNT has been successfully applied in various vertebrates, no human pluripotent stem cells have been generated by SCNT due to technical, legal and ethical difficulties. On the other hand, human iPS cell lines have been reported from both healthy and diseased individuals. A recent study reported the generation of triploid human pluripotent stem cells by transferring somatic nuclei into oocytes, a variant form of SCNT. In this essay, we discuss this progress and the potentials of these two reprogramming approaches for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hosseini SM, Hajian M, Forouzanfar M, Moulavi F, Abedi P, Asgari V, Tanhaei S, Abbasi H, Jafarpour F, Ostadhosseini S, Karamali F, Karbaliaie K, Baharvand H, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Enucleated ovine oocyte supports human somatic cells reprogramming back to the embryonic stage. Cell Reprogram 2012; 14:155-63. [PMID: 22384929 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased possibility of universality of ooplasmic reprogramming factors resulted in a parallel increased interest to use interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) to address basic questions of developmental biology and to improve the feasibility of cell therapy. In this study, the interactions between human somatic cells and ovine oocytes were investigated. Nuclear remodeling events were first observed 3 h post-iSCNT as nuclear swelling, chromosome condensation, and spindle formation. A time-dependent decrease in maturation promoting activity of inactivated reconstructs coincided with increased aberrations in chromosome and spindle organization of the newly developed embryos. The sequence and duration of nuclear remodeling events were irrespective of donor cell type used. Although the majority of the reconstituted embryos arrested before embryonic genome activation (8-16-cell) stage, less than 5% of them could progress beyond transcription-requiring developmental stage and formed blastocyst-like structures with distinct inner cell mass and trophectoderm at days 7 and 8 post-SCNT. Importantly, real-time assessment of three developmentally important genes (Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog) indicated their upregulation in iSCNT blastocysts. Blastocyst-derived outgrowths had alkaline phosphatase activity that was lost upon passage. Collectively, this study introduced ovine oocyte as a credible cytoplast for remodeling and reprogramming of human somatic cells back to the embryonic stage and provided a platform for further studies to unravel possible differences exist between reprogramming ability of oocytes of different mammalian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Morteza Hosseini
- Department of Reproduction and Development, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Animal Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tachibana M, Sparman M, Ramsey C, Ma H, Lee HS, Penedo MCT, Mitalipov S. Generation of chimeric rhesus monkeys. Cell 2012; 148:285-95. [PMID: 22225614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Totipotent cells in early embryos are progenitors of all stem cells and are capable of developing into a whole organism, including extraembryonic tissues such as placenta. Pluripotent cells in the inner cell mass (ICM) are the descendants of totipotent cells and can differentiate into any cell type of a body except extraembryonic tissues. The ability to contribute to chimeric animals upon reintroduction into host embryos is the key feature of murine totipotent and pluripotent cells. Here, we demonstrate that rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and isolated ICMs fail to incorporate into host embryos and develop into chimeras. However, chimeric offspring were produced following aggregation of totipotent cells of the four-cell embryos. These results provide insights into the species-specific nature of primate embryos and suggest that a chimera assay using pluripotent cells may not be feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Tachibana
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185(th) Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Human oocytes reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Nature 2011; 478:70-5. [PMID: 21979046 DOI: 10.1038/nature10397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The exchange of the oocyte's genome with the genome of a somatic cell, followed by the derivation of pluripotent stem cells, could enable the generation of specific cells affected in degenerative human diseases. Such cells, carrying the patient's genome, might be useful for cell replacement. Here we report that the development of human oocytes after genome exchange arrests at late cleavage stages in association with transcriptional abnormalities. In contrast, if the oocyte genome is not removed and the somatic cell genome is merely added, the resultant triploid cells develop to the blastocyst stage. Stem cell lines derived from these blastocysts differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers, and a pluripotent gene expression program is established on the genome derived from the somatic cell. This result demonstrates the feasibility of reprogramming human cells using oocytes and identifies removal of the oocyte genome as the primary cause of developmental failure after genome exchange.
Collapse
|
40
|
Reprogramming within hours following nuclear transfer into mouse but not human zygotes. Nat Commun 2011; 2:488. [PMID: 21971503 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertilized mouse zygotes can reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. Human zygotes might therefore be useful for producing patient-derived pluripotent stem cells. However, logistical, legal and social considerations have limited the availability of human eggs for research. Here we show that a significant number of normal fertilized eggs (zygotes) can be obtained for reprogramming studies. Using these zygotes, we found that when the zygotic genome was replaced with that of a somatic cell, development progressed normally throughout the cleavage stages, but then arrested before the morula stage. This arrest was associated with a failure to activate transcription in the transferred somatic genome. In contrast to human zygotes, mouse zygotes reprogrammed the somatic cell genome to a pluripotent state within hours after transfer. Our results suggest that there may be a previously unappreciated barrier to successful human nuclear transfer, and that future studies could focus on the requirements for genome activation.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hasebe T, Kajita M, Iwabuchi M, Ohsumi K, Ishizuya-Oka A. Thyroid hormone-regulated expression of nuclear lamins correlates with dedifferentiation of intestinal epithelial cells during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. Dev Genes Evol 2011; 221:199-208. [PMID: 21866414 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-011-0371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In the Xenopus laevis intestine during metamorphosis, which is triggered by thyroid hormone (TH), the adult epithelium develops and replaces the larval one undergoing apoptosis. We have previously shown that progenitor/stem cells of the adult epithelium originate from some differentiated larval epithelial cells. To investigate molecular mechanisms underlying larval epithelial dedifferentiation into the adult progenitor/stem cells, we here focused on nuclear lamin A (LA) and lamin LIII (LIII), whose expression is generally known to be correlated with the state of cell differentiation. We analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of LA and LIII during X. laevis intestinal remodeling by reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. At the onset of natural metamorphosis, when the adult epithelial progenitor cells appear as small islets, the expression of LA is down-regulated, but that of LIII is up-regulated only in the islets. Then, as the adult progenitor cells differentiate, the expression of LA is up-regulated, whereas that of LIII is down-regulated in the adult cells. As multiple intestinal folds form, adult epithelial cells positive for LIII become restricted only to the troughs of the folds. In addition, we have shown that TH up- or down-regulates the expression of these lamins in the premetamorphic intestine as during natural metamorphosis. These results indicate that TH-regulated expression of LA and LIII closely correlates with dedifferentiation of the epithelial cells in the X. laevis intestine, suggesting the involvement of the lamins in the process of dedifferentiation during amphibian metamorphosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hasebe
- Department of Biology, Nippon Medical School, 2-297-2 Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 211-0063, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sparman ML, Tachibana M, Mitalipov SM. Cloning of non-human primates: the road "less traveled by". THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2011; 54:1671-8. [PMID: 21404187 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.103196ms] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Early studies on cloning of non-human primates by nuclear transfer utilized embryonic blastomeres from preimplantation embryos which resulted in the reproducible birth of live offspring. Soon after, the focus shifted to employing somatic cells as a source of donor nuclei (somatic cell nuclear transfer, SCNT). However, initial efforts were plagued with inefficient nuclear reprogramming and poor embryonic development when standard SCNT methods were utilized. Implementation of several key SCNT modifications was critical to overcome these problems. In particular, a non-invasive method of visualizing the metaphase chromosomes during enucleation was developed to preserve the reprogramming capacity of monkey oocytes. These modifications dramatically improved the efficiency of SCNT, yielding high blastocyst development in vitro. To date, SCNT has been successfully used to derive pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from adult monkey skin fibroblasts. These remarkable advances have the potential for development of human autologous ESCs and cures for many human diseases. Reproductive cloning of nonhuman primates by SCNT has not been achieved yet. We have been able to establish several pregnancies with SCNT embryos which, so far, did not progress to term. In this review, we summarize the approaches, obstacles and accomplishments of SCNT in a non-human primate model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Sparman
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Byrne J. Global transcriptional analysis of oocyte-based and factor-based nuclear reprogramming in the nonhuman primate. Cell Reprogram 2011; 13:473-81. [PMID: 21919706 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2011.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming following somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) to enucleated oocytes or factor-based reprogramming are poorly understood. In this study global transcriptional analysis was performed on a number of different rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) cell and tissue samples, including rhesus-induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) and rhesus SCNT-derived embryonic stem cells (SCNT-ESCs). Global transcriptional cluster analysis and stem cell-specific gene expression analysis both suggested that the oocyte-reprogrammed SCNT-ESCs were transcriptionally closer to the control fertilized ESCs than IPSCs. These results, combined with previous epigenetic analysis studies in the mouse, reinforce the hypothesis that oocyte-reprogrammed cell nuclei are more completely reprogrammed to an ESC state than IPSCs. Transcriptional analysis of rhesus oocytes detected over 500 ESC-specific genes, including OCT3/4, NR5A2, and DNMT3B. These results, combined with previously published reprogramming research, were used as the basis for a general model to explain the mechanisms of nuclear reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Byrne
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Liang SL, Zhao QJ, Li XC, Jin YP, Wang YP, Su XH, Guan WJ, Ma YH. Dynamic analysis of Ca²+ level during bovine oocytes maturation and early embryonic development. J Vet Sci 2011; 12:133-42. [PMID: 21586872 PMCID: PMC3104167 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2011.12.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryo development processes are Ca2+-dependent. In this study, we used confocal microscopy to investigate the distribution pattern of Ca2+ and its dynamic changes in the processes of bovine oocytes maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo development. During the germinal vesicle (GV) and GV breakdown stage, Ca2+ was distributed in the cortical ooplasm and throughout the oocytes from the MI to MII stage. In IVF embryos, Ca2+ was distributed in the cortical ooplasm before the formation of the pronucleus. In 4-8 cell embryos and morulas, Ca2+ was present throughout the blastomere. In PA embryos, Ca2+ was distributed throughout the blastomere at 48 h, similar to in the 4-cell and 8-cell phase and the morula. At 6 h after activation, there was almost no distribution of Ca2+ in the SCNT embryos. However, Ca2+ was distributed in the donor nucleus at 10 h and it was distributed throughout the blastomere in the 2-8 cell embryos. In this study, Ca2+ showed significant fluctuations with regularity of IVF and SCNT groups, but PA did not. Systematic investigation of the Ca2+ location and distribution changes during oocyte maturation and early embryo development processes should facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in oocyte maturation, reconstructed embryo activation and development, ultimately improving the reconstructed embryo development rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Li Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Use of polarized light microscopy in porcine reproductive technologies. Theriogenology 2011; 76:669-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
46
|
ZHANG TY, DAI JJ, WU CF, GU XL, LIU L, WU ZQ, XIE YN, WU B, CHEN HL, LI Y, CHEN XJ, ZHANG DF. Positive effects of treatment of donor cells with aphidicolin on the preimplantation development of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos in Chinese Bama mini-pig (Sus Scrofa). Anim Sci J 2011; 83:103-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2011.00926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
47
|
Alva-Medina J, Maya-Mendoza A, Dent MAR, Aranda-Anzaldo A. Continued stabilization of the nuclear higher-order structure of post-mitotic neurons in vivo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21360. [PMID: 21731716 PMCID: PMC3121788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular terminal differentiation (TD) correlates with a permanent exit from the cell cycle and so TD cells become stably post-mitotic. However, TD cells express the molecular machinery necessary for cell proliferation that can be reactivated by experimental manipulation, yet it has not been reported the stable proliferation of any type of reactivated TD cells. Neurons become post-mitotic after leaving the ventricular zone. When neurons are forced to reenter the cell cycle they invariably undergo cell death. Wider evidence indicates that the post-mitotic state cannot solely depend on gene products acting in trans, otherwise mutations in the corresponding genes may lead to reentry and completion of the cell cycle in TD cells, but this has not been observed. In the interphase, nuclear DNA of metazoan cells is organized in supercoiled loops anchored to a nuclear nuclear matrix (NM). The DNA-NM interactions define a higher-order structure in the cell nucleus (NHOS). We have previously compared the NHOS of aged rat hepatocytes with that of early post-mitotic rat neurons and our results indicated that a very stable NHOS is a common feature of both senescent and post-mitotic cells in vivo. Principal Findings In the present work we compared the NHOS in rat neurons from different post-natal ages. Our results show that the trend towards further stabilization of the NHOS in neurons continues throughout post-natal life. This phenomenon occurs in absence of overt changes in the post-mitotic state and transcriptional activity of neurons, suggesting that it is independent of functional constraints. Conclusions Apparently the continued stabilization of the NHOS as a function of time is basically determined by thermodynamic and structural constraints. We discuss how the resulting highly stable NHOS of neurons may be the structural, non-genetic basis of their permanent and irreversible post-mitotic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janeth Alva-Medina
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Apolinar Maya-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Myrna A. R. Dent
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
| | - Armando Aranda-Anzaldo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, Estado de México, México
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shufaro Y, Reubinoff BE. Cell cycle synchronization for the purpose of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Methods Mol Biol 2011; 761:239-247. [PMID: 21755453 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-182-6_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a technically and biologically challenging procedure during which a differentiated committed nucleus undergoes rapid reprogramming into the totipotent state in a few hours. SCNT can be utilized to generate patient- and disease-specific embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines, which carry great promise in improving our understanding of major disease conditions and hope for better therapies. In this section, we will describe how mouse SCNT is performed and survey the importance of donor cell cycle synchronization and the methods to perform it.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoel Shufaro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and the Hadassah Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center, Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah University Hospital, POB 12000, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Le Bourhis D, Beaujean N, Ruffini S, Vignon X, Gall L. Nuclear Remodeling in Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos Using MG132-Treated Recipient Oocytes. Cell Reprogram 2010; 12:729-38. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2010.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Le Bourhis
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
- UNCEIA, Département R&D, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nathalie Beaujean
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Ruffini
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Xavier Vignon
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Laurence Gall
- INRA, UMR 1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, Jouy en Josas, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ma LB, Cai L, Li JJ, Chen XL, Ji FY. Two-staged nuclear transfer can enhance the developmental ability of goat-sheep interspecies nuclear transfer embryos in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2010; 47:95-103. [PMID: 21082282 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-010-9363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The technique of interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer, in which interspecies cloned embryos can be reconstructed by using domestic animal oocytes as nuclear recipients and endangered animal or human somatic cells as nuclear donors, can afford more opportunities in endangered animal rescue and human tissue transplantation, but the application of this technique is limited by extremely low efficiency which may be attributed to donor nucleus not fully reprogrammed by xenogenic cytoplasm. In this study, goat fetal fibroblasts (GFFs) were used as nuclear donors, in vitro-matured sheep oocytes were used as nuclear recipients, and a two-stage nuclear transfer procedure was performed to improve the developmental ability of goat-sheep interspecies clone embryos. In the first stage nuclear transfer (FSNT), GFFs were injected into the ooplasm of enucleated sheep metaphase-II oocytes, then non-activated reconstructed embryos were cultured in vitro, so that the donor nucleus could be exposed to the ooplasm for a period of time. Subsequently, in the second stage nuclear transfer, FSNT-derived non-activated reconstructed embryo was centrifuged, and the donor nucleus was then transferred into another freshly enucleated sheep oocyte. Compared with the one-stage nuclear transfer, two-stage nuclear transfer could significantly enhance the blastocyst rate of goat-sheep interspecies clone embryos, and this result indicated that longtime exposure to xenogenic ooplasm benefits the donor nucleus to be reprogrammed. The two-stage nuclear transfer procedure has two advantages, one is that the donor nucleus can be exposed to the ooplasm for a long time, the other is that the problem of oocyte aging can be solved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bing Ma
- School of Mathematics, Physics and Biological Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|