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Parameshwar PK, Li C, Arnauts K, Jiang J, Rostami S, Campbell BE, Lu H, Rosenzweig DH, Vaillancourt C, Moraes C. Directed biomechanical compressive forces enhance fusion efficiency in model placental trophoblast cultures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11312. [PMID: 38760496 PMCID: PMC11101427 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The syncytiotrophoblast is a multinucleated structure that arises from fusion of mononucleated cytotrophoblasts, to sheath the placental villi and regulate transport across the maternal-fetal interface. Here, we ask whether the dynamic mechanical forces that must arise during villous development might influence fusion, and explore this question using in vitro choriocarcinoma trophoblast models. We demonstrate that mechanical stress patterns arise around sites of localized fusion in cell monolayers, in patterns that match computational predictions of villous morphogenesis. We then externally apply these mechanical stress patterns to cell monolayers and demonstrate that equibiaxial compressive stresses (but not uniaxial or equibiaxial tensile stresses) enhance expression of the syndecan-1 and loss of E-cadherin as markers of fusion. These findings suggest that the mechanical stresses that contribute towards sculpting the placental villi may also impact fusion in the developing tissue. We then extend this concept towards 3D cultures and demonstrate that fusion can be enhanced by applying low isometric compressive stresses to spheroid models, even in the absence of an inducing agent. These results indicate that mechanical stimulation is a potent activator of cellular fusion, suggesting novel avenues to improve experimental reproductive modelling, placental tissue engineering, and understanding disorders of pregnancy development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kaline Arnauts
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Junqing Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sabra Rostami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin E Campbell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hongyan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Derek Hadar Rosenzweig
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Injury, Repair and Recovery Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Laval, Québec, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Université de Montréal, and Research Center Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CIUSSS) du Nord-de-L'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher Moraes
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Bueno-Sánchez JC, Gómez-Gutiérrez AM, Maldonado-Estrada JG, Quintana-Castillo JC. Expression of placental glycans and its role in regulating peripheral blood NK cells during preeclampsia: a perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087845. [PMID: 37206444 PMCID: PMC10190602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related multisystem disorder characterized by altered trophoblast invasion, oxidative stress, exacerbation of systemic inflammatory response, and endothelial damage. The pathogenesis includes hypertension and mild-to-severe microangiopathy in the kidney, liver, placenta, and brain. The main mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis have been proposed to limit trophoblast invasion and increase the release of extracellular vesicles from the syncytiotrophoblast into the maternal circulation, exacerbating the systemic inflammatory response. The placenta expresses glycans as part of its development and maternal immune tolerance during gestation. The expression profile of glycans at the maternal-fetal interface may play a fundamental role in physiological pregnancy changes and disorders such as preeclampsia. It is unclear whether glycans and their lectin-like receptors are involved in the mechanisms of maternal-fetal recognition by immune cells during pregnancy homeostasis. The expression profile of glycans appears to be altered in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which could lead to alterations in the placental microenvironment and vascular endothelium in pregnancy conditions such as preeclampsia. Glycans with immunomodulatory properties at the maternal-fetal interface are altered in early-onset severe preeclampsia, implying that innate immune system components, such as NK cells, exacerbate the systemic inflammatory response observed in preeclampsia. In this article, we discuss the evidence for the role of glycans in gestational physiology and the perspective of glycobiology on the pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders in gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C. Bueno-Sánchez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares en Trastornos del Embarazo (RIVATREM), Chillan, Chile
| | - Alejandra M. Gómez-Gutiérrez
- Reproduction Group, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan G. Maldonado-Estrada
- One Health and Veterinary Innovative Research & Development (OHVRI) Research Group, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Cancer Is Associated with the Emergence of Placenta-Reactive Autoantibodies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020316. [PMID: 36830854 PMCID: PMC9953527 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Placenta-specific antigens are minimally expressed or unexpressed in normal adult tissues, while they are widely expressed in cancer. In the course of carcinogenesis, a vast array of autoantibodies (AAbs) is produced. Here, we used a quantitative approach to determine the reactivity of AAbs in the sera of patients with breast (BrC: N = 100, 100% female, median age: 51 years), gastric (GC: N = 30, 46.6% female, median age: 57 years), bladder (BC: N = 29, 34.4% female, median age: 57 years), and colorectal (CRC: N = 34, 41.1% female, median age: 51 years) cancers against first-trimester (FTP) and full-term placental proteome (TP) in comparison with age- and sex-matched non-cancer individuals. Human-on-human immunohistochemistry was used to determine reactive target cells in FTP. The effect of pregnancy on the emergence of placenta-reactive autoantibodies was tested using sera from pregnant women at different trimesters of pregnancy. Except for BC, patients with BrC (p < 0.0284), GC (p < 0.0002), and CRC (p < 0.0007) had significantly higher levels of placenta-reactive AAbs. BrC (p < 0.0001) and BC (p < 0.0409) in the early stages triggered higher autoantibody reactivity against FTP. The reactivities of BrC sera with FTP did not show an association with ER, PR, or HER2 expression. Pregnancy in the third trimester was associated with the induction of TP- and not FTP-reactive autoantibodies (=0.018). The reactivity of BrC sera with placental proteins was found to be independent of gravidity or abortion. BrC sera showed a very strong and specific pattern of reactivity with scattered cells beneath the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Our results reinforce the concept of the coevolution of placentation and cancer and shed light on the future clinical application of the placental proteome for the non-invasive early detection and treatment of cancer.
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Paradela A, Asunción Sánchez-Gil M, Rodriguez-Martin S, De León-Luis JA, Pereda-Cerquella C, Bujan J, Guijarro LG, Alvarez-Mon M, García-Honduvilla N. Unfolding the role of placental-derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy: From homeostasis to pathophysiology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1060850. [PMID: 36478738 PMCID: PMC9720121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is a critical structure with multiple roles in pregnancy, including fetal nutrition and support, immunological, mechanical and chemical barrier as well as an endocrine activity. Besides, a growing body of evidence highlight the relevance of this organ on the maternofetal wellbeing not only during gestation, but also from birth onwards. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex macromolecular structures of different size and content, acting as carriers of a diverse set of molecules and information from donor to recipient cells. Since its early development, the production and function of placental-derived EVs are essential to ensure an adequate progress of pregnancy. In turn, the fetus receives and produce their own EVs, highlighting the importance of these components in the maternofetal communication. Moreover, several studies have shown the clinical relevance of EVs in different obstetric pathologies such as preeclampsia, infectious diseases or gestational diabetes, among others, suggesting that they could be used as pathophysiological biomarkers of these diseases. Overall, the aim of this article is to present an updated review of the published basic and translational knowledge focusing on the role of placental-derived EVs in normal and pathological pregnancies. We suggest as well future lines of research to take in this novel and promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Asunción Sánchez-Gil
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- University Defense Center of Madrid (CUD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Rodriguez-Martin
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Service of Pediatric, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan A. De León-Luis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Ma-drid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claude Pereda-Cerquella
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en El Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en El Área Temática de Enfermedades Hepáticas (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- University Defense Center of Madrid (CUD), Madrid, Spain
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Toxicity, Safety, and Efficacy Studies on Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Decidua basalis in Wistar Albino Rats by Intravenous and Subcutaneous Routes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4045-4058. [PMID: 36135189 PMCID: PMC9498010 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo expanded decidua-basalis(DB)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from single donors have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in in vitro and in vivo studies. In this report, the intravenous and subcutaneous administration of DB-MSCs obtained from five healthy donors was assessed considering clinical grade proliferation, accessibility, and toxic effects in Wistar albino rats. The ability of the obtained DB-MSCs for differentiating, as well as their expression of several cell surface markers and immunomodulatory activities, were all assessed. Clinical standard proliferated cells were administered to animals intravenously and subcutaneously in a series of preclinical models in order to assess their in vivo toxicity, general safety, and tumorigenic possibilities. We established that DB cells exhibit structural and functional traits with MSCs. At various doses supplied intravenously or subcutaneously, the research showed no fatality, abnormal response to therapy, or substantial pathological modifications in the rats. Furthermore, there was no indication of prenatal damage in the same animal species when the rats were repeatedly treated with DBMSCs. Thus, DBMSCs were demonstrated to be non-toxic, non-teratogenic, and non-tumorigenic. To determine whether they can be administrated to human patients without risk, more investigation is recommended.
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Chen CP, Wang LK, Chen CY, Chen CY, Kuo YH, Wu YH. Decreased junctional adhesion molecule 3 expression induces reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in trophoblasts. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1264-1278. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity and motility. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of JAM3 in placental dysfunction remain unclear. We hypothesized that JAM3 expression regulates trophoblast fusion, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Our results revealed that JAM3 was expressed in the cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts of first-trimester and term placental villi. JAM3 expression in cell–cell junctions decreased with the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts. Using trophoblasts as an in vitro model, we observed that forskolin and JAM3 knockdown significantly reduced JAM3 expression and increased syncytium formation. JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell cycle disturbance and apoptosis. Cell cycle arrest was associated with the engagement of Checkpoint kinase 2–cell division cycle 25C–Cyclin-dependent kinase 1/Cyclin B1 signaling. Increased expression of BIM, NOXA, XAF1, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3 further indicated trophoblast apoptosis. Overexpression of JAM3 or recombinant JAM3 protein enhanced trophoblast adhesion and migration, which were inhibited by JAM3 knockdown. JAM3 knockdown induced reactive oxygen species and syncytin 2 expression in trophoblasts. Furthermore, H2O2-induced oxidative stress reduced JAM3 expression in trophoblasts and cell culture supernatants. H2O2 simultaneously induced trophoblast apoptosis. JAM3 expression was significantly decreased in the plasmas and placentas of patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia. Thus, our results demonstrate that JAM3 may not only be a structural component of trophoblast cell junctions but also regulate trophoblast fusion, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and motility. Dysregulated trophoblast JAM3 expression is crucial in preeclampsia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie-Pein Chen
- Division of High Risk Pregnancy
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Wu
- Department of Medical Research , MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Jaiman S, Romero R, Bhatti G, Jung E, Gotsch F, Suksai M, Gallo DM, Chaiworapongsa T, Kadar N. The role of the placenta in spontaneous preterm labor and delivery with intact membranes. J Perinat Med 2022; 50:553-566. [PMID: 35246973 PMCID: PMC9189066 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether placental vascular pathology and impaired placental exchange due to maturational defects are involved in the etiology of spontaneous preterm labor and delivery in cases without histologic acute chorioamnionitis. METHODS This was a retrospective, observational study. Cases included pregnancies that resulted in spontaneous preterm labor and delivery (<37 weeks), whereas uncomplicated pregnancies that delivered fetuses at term (≥37-42 weeks of gestation) were selected as controls. Placental histological diagnoses were classified into three groups: lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion, lesions of fetal vascular malperfusion, and placental microvasculopathy, and the frequency of each type of lesion in cases and controls was compared. Moreover, we specifically searched for villous maturational abnormalities in cases and controls. Doppler velocimetry of the umbilical and uterine arteries were performed in a subset of patients. RESULTS There were 184 cases and 2471 controls, of which 95 and 1178 had Doppler studies, respectively. The frequency of lesions of maternal vascular malperfusion was greater in the placentas of patients with preterm labor than in the control group [14.1% (26/184) vs. 8.8% (217/2471) (p=0.023)]. Disorders of villous maturation were more frequent in the group with preterm labor than in the control group: 41.1% (39/95) [delayed villous maturation in 31.6% (30/95) vs. 2.5% (13/519) in controls and accelerated villous maturation in 9.5% (9/95) vs. none in controls]. CONCLUSIONS Maturational defects of placental villi were associated with approximately 41% of cases of unexplained spontaneous preterm labor and delivery without acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta and with delivery of appropriate-for-gestational-age fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Jaiman
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA,Corresponding Author: Roberto Romero, MD, DMedSci, Chief, Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Hutzel Women’s Hospital, 3990 John R Street, 4 Brush, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA. (313) 993-2700;
| | - Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Dahiana M. Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NICHD/NIH/DHHS), Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit, Michigan, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Gauster M, Moser G, Wernitznig S, Kupper N, Huppertz B. Early human trophoblast development: from morphology to function. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:345. [PMID: 35661923 PMCID: PMC9167809 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human pregnancy depends on the proper development of the embryo prior to implantation and the implantation of the embryo into the uterine wall. During the pre-implantation phase, formation of the morula is followed by internalization of blastomeres that differentiate into the pluripotent inner cell mass lineage, while the cells on the surface undergo polarization and differentiate into the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. The trophectoderm mediates apposition and adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine epithelium. These processes lead to a stable contact between embryonic and maternal tissues, resulting in the formation of a new organ, the placenta. During implantation, the trophectoderm cells start to differentiate and form the basis for multiple specialized trophoblast subpopulations, all of which fulfilling specific key functions in placentation. They either differentiate into polar cells serving typical epithelial functions, or into apolar invasive cells that adapt the uterine wall to progressing pregnancy. The composition of these trophoblast subpopulations is crucial for human placenta development and alterations are suggested to result in placenta-associated pregnancy pathologies. This review article focuses on what is known about very early processes in human reproduction and emphasizes on morphological and functional aspects of early trophoblast differentiation and subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gauster
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerit Moser
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Wernitznig
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nadja Kupper
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Labuz DF, Whitlock AE, Kycia I, Zurakowski D, Fauza DO. Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) as a potential target for transamniotic stem cell therapy. J Pediatr Surg 2022; 57:999-1003. [PMID: 35277250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) could be a target for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based transamniotic stem cell therapy (TRASCET). METHODS Pregnant dams subjected to hypoxia (10.5% O2) cycles had their fetuses divided into four groups: untreated (n = 24) and three groups receiving volume-matched intra-amniotic injections of either saline (sham; n = 16), or suspensions of luciferase-labeled, syngeneic amniotic fluid-derived MSCs that were either native (TRASCET-unprimed; n = 29), or primed by exposure to IFNγ and IL-1β (TRASCET-primed; n = 31). Normal fetuses served as additional controls (n = 22). Multiple analyses were performed at term. RESULTS Compared to normal, fetal weights were significantly decreased in all hypoxia groups (p = 0.002 to <0.001), except for TRASCET-primed. Placental efficiency (fetal/placental weight) was significantly decreased in all hypoxia groups (p = 0.002 to <0.001), but normalized in both TRASCET groups. A significant increase in metrial expression of IFNγ in both the untreated and sham groups (p = 0.04 to 0.02) was reversed only in the TRASCET-primed group. Luciferase DNA was present in both TRASCET groups' placentas. CONCLUSIONS Transamniotic stem cell therapy with primed mesenchymal stem cells reverses some of the effects of intrauterine growth restriction in a rat model. Further study into this novel approach for the treatment of this disease is warranted. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A (Animal and Laboratory Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Labuz
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ashlyn E Whitlock
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ina Kycia
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - David Zurakowski
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Dario O Fauza
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Bačenková D, Trebuňová M, Čížková D, Hudák R, Dosedla E, Findrik-Balogová A, Živčák J. In Vitro Model of Human Trophoblast in Early Placentation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040904. [PMID: 35453654 PMCID: PMC9029210 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex process of placental implantation and development affects trophoblast progenitors and uterine cells through the regulation of transcription factors, cytokines, adhesion receptors and their ligands. Differentiation of trophoblast precursors in the trophectoderm of early ontogenesis, caused by the transcription factors, such as CDX2, TEAD4, Eomes and GATA3, leads to the formation of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast populations. The molecular mechanisms involved in placental formation inside the human body along with the specification and differentiation of trophoblast cell lines are, mostly due to the lack of suitable cell models, not sufficiently elucidated. This review is an evaluation of current technologies, which are used to study the behavior of human trophoblasts and other placental cells, as well as their ability to represent physiological conditions both in vivo and in vitro. An in vitro 3D model with a characteristic phenotype is of great benefit for the study of placental physiology. At the same time, it provides great support for future modeling of placental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Bačenková
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-1055-602-2380
| | - Marianna Trebuňová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Daša Čížková
- Centre for Experimental and Clinical Regenerative Medicine, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, 04181 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Radovan Hudák
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Erik Dosedla
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafarik Univerzity Hospital AGEL Košice-Šaca, Pavol Jozef Šafarik University in Košice, 04015 Košice-Šaca, Slovakia;
| | - Alena Findrik-Balogová
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
| | - Jozef Živčák
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Measurement, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, 04200 Košice, Slovakia; (M.T.); (R.H.); (A.F.-B.); (J.Ž.)
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11
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martínez O, García-Montero C, Sáez MA, Álvarez-Mon MA, Torres-Carranza D, Álvarez-Mon M, Bujan J, García-Honduvilla N, Bravo C, Guijarro LG, De León-Luis JA. The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030568. [PMID: 35159377 PMCID: PMC8833914 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a central structure in pregnancy and has pleiotropic functions. This organ grows incredibly rapidly during this period, acting as a mastermind behind different fetal and maternal processes. The relevance of the placenta extends far beyond the pregnancy, being crucial for fetal programming before birth. Having integrative knowledge of this maternofetal structure helps significantly in understanding the development of pregnancy either in a proper or pathophysiological context. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the main features of the placenta, with a special focus on its early development, cytoarchitecture, immunology, and functions in non-pathological conditions. In contraposition, the role of the placenta is examined in preeclampsia, a worrisome hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, in order to describe the pathophysiological implications of the placenta in this disease. Likewise, dysfunction of the placenta in fetal growth restriction, a major consequence of preeclampsia, is also discussed, emphasizing the potential clinical strategies derived. Finally, the emerging role of the placenta in maternal chronic venous disease either as a causative agent or as a consequence of the disease is equally treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-885-4540; Fax: +34-91-885-4885
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martínez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Miguel A. Sáez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH, 28047 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Diego Torres-Carranza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Bujan
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Natalio García-Honduvilla
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; (O.F.-M.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.S.); (M.A.Á.-M.); (D.T.-C.); (M.Á.-M.); (J.B.); (N.G.-H.)
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Coral Bravo
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.B.); (J.A.D.L.-L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G. Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. De León-Luis
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.B.); (J.A.D.L.-L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón, 28009 Madrid, Spain
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12
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Dichotomy in hypoxia-induced mitochondrial fission in placental mesenchymal cells during development and preeclampsia: consequences for trophoblast mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:191. [PMID: 35220394 PMCID: PMC8882188 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDynamic changes in physiologic oxygen are required for proper placenta development; yet, when low-oxygen levels persist, placental development is halted, culminating in preeclampsia (PE), a serious complication of pregnancy. Considering mitochondria’s function is intimately linked to oxygen changes, we investigated the impact of oxygen on mitochondrial dynamics in placental mesenchymal stromal cells (pMSCs) that are vital for proper placental development. Transmission electron microscopy, proximity ligation assays for mitochondrial VDAC1 and endoplasmic reticulum IP3R, and immunoanalyses of p-DRP1 and OPA1, demonstrate that low-oxygen conditions in early 1st trimester and PE promote mitochondrial fission in pMSCs. Increased mitochondrial fission of mesenchymal cells was confirmed in whole PE placental tissue sections. Inhibition of DRP1 oligomerization with MDiVi-1 shows that low oxygen-induced mitochondrial fission is a direct consequence of DRP1 activation, likely via HIF1. Mitophagy, a downstream event prompted by mitochondrial fission, is a prominent outcome in PE, but not 1st trimester pMSCs. We also investigated whether mesenchymal–epithelial interactions affect mitochondrial dynamics of trophoblasts in PE placentae. Exposure of trophoblastic JEG3 cells to exosomes of preeclamptic pMSCs caused heightened mitochondrial fission in the cells via a sphingomyelin-dependent mechanism that was restored by MDiVi-1. Our data uncovered dichotomous regulation of mitochondrial fission and health in human placental mesenchymal cells under physiologic and pathologic hypoxic conditions and its impact on neighboring trophoblast cells.
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13
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Oxidative stress-induced impairment of trophoblast function causes preeclampsia through the unfolded protein response pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18415. [PMID: 34531444 PMCID: PMC8446002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. In PE, trophoblasts mediated inadequate remodeling of uterine spiral arteries seem to interrupt uteroplacental blood flow, one of the hallmarks in the early onset of PE (EO-PE). This, in turn, results in placental ischemia–reperfusion injury during hypoxia and reoxygenation episodes, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OS). But still it is debatable if OS is a cause or consequence of PE. In this present study, we have investigated the effects of OS on PE placentae and trophoblast cell functions using BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cell lines. PE placental tissues showed abnormal ultrastructure, high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with altered unfolded protein responses (UPR) in compare with term placental tissues. Similar to PE placentae, during OS induction, the trophoblast cells showed altered invasion and migration properties with significantly variable expression of differentiation and invasion markers, e.g., syncytin and MMPs. The effect was rescued by antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, thereby implying a ROS-specific effect and in the trophoblast cells, OS triggers UPR pathway through IRE1α-XBP1 axis. Taken together, these findings highlight the harmful effect of unfolded protein response, which was induced due to OS on trophoblast cells and deformed invasion and differentiation programme and can be extended further to clinical settings to identify clinically approved antioxidants during pregnancy as a therapeutic measure to reduce the onset of PE.
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14
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Li H, Huang Q, Liu Y, Garmire LX. Single cell transcriptome research in human placenta. Reproduction 2021; 160:R155-R167. [PMID: 33112783 PMCID: PMC7707799 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human placenta is a complex and heterogeneous organ interfacing between the mother and the fetus that supports fetal development. Alterations to placental structural components are associated with various pregnancy complications. To reveal the heterogeneity among various placenta cell types in normal and diseased placentas, as well as elucidate molecular interactions within a population of placental cells, a new genomics technology called single cell RNA-seq (or scRNA-seq) has been employed in the last couple of years. Here we review the principles of scRNA-seq technology, and summarize the recent human placenta studies at scRNA-seq level across gestational ages as well as in pregnancy complications, such as preterm birth and preeclampsia. We list the computational analysis platforms and resources available for the public use. Lastly, we discuss the future areas of interest for placenta single cell studies, as well as the data analytics needed to accomplish them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qianhui Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lana X Garmire
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Winter M, Jankovic-Karasoulos T, Roberts CT, Bianco-Miotto T, Thierry B. Bioengineered Microphysiological Placental Models: Towards Improving Understanding of Pregnancy Health and Disease. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:1221-1235. [PMID: 33965246 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Driven by a lack of appropriate human placenta models, recent years have seen the introduction of bioengineered in vitro models to better understand placental health and disease. Thus far, the focus has been on the maternal-foetal barrier. However, there are many other physiologically and pathologically significant aspects of the placenta that would benefit from state-of-the-art bioengineered models, in particular, integrating advanced culture systems with contemporary biological concepts such as organoids. This critical review defines and discusses the key parameters required for the development of physiologically relevant in vitro models of the placenta. Specifically, it highlights the importance of cell type, mechanical forces, and culture microenvironment towards the use of physiologically relevant models to improve the understanding of human placental function and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Winter
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia.
| | - Tanja Jankovic-Karasoulos
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Claire T Roberts
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Tina Bianco-Miotto
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology and Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, South Australia, 5095, Australia
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16
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Bhattacharjee J, Mohammad S, Adamo KB. Does exercise during pregnancy impact organs or structures of the maternal-fetal interface? Tissue Cell 2021; 72:101543. [PMID: 33940567 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exercise during pregnancy has been shown to be associated with improved health outcomes both during and after pregnancy for mother and fetus across the lifespan. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour during pregnancy have been recommended by many researchers and clinicians-alike. It is thought that the placenta plays a central role in mediating any positive or negative pregnancy outcomes. The positive outcomes obtained through prenatal exercise are postulated to result from exercise-induced regulation of maternal physiology and placental development. Considerable research has been performed to understand the placenta's role in pregnancy-related diseases, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes mellitus. However, little research has examined the potential for healthy lifestyle and behavioural changes to improve placental growth, development, and function. While the placenta represents the critical maternal-fetal interface responsible for all gas, nutrient, and waste exchange between the mother and fetus, the impact of exercise during pregnancy on placental biology and function is not well known. This review will focus on prenatal exercise and its promising influence on the structures of the maternal-fetal interface, with particular emphasis on the placenta. Potential molecular mechanistic hypotheses are presented to aid future investigations of prenatal exercise and placental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
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17
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Pietro L, Bottcher-Luiz F, Velloso LA, Morari J, Nomura M, Lucci De Angelo Andrade LA. Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) and telomerase in choriocarcinomas. SURGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s42047-020-00080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Blastocyst implantation and neoplastic invasion have some common properties related to tissue invasion, mediated by various cytokines.
Aim
To compare the expression of IL-6, STAT-3 and telomerase in material of abortions in the first trimester of pregnancy, at term placentas and in choriocarcinomas.
Methods
Immunohistochemical reactions were performed on formalin fixed and included in paraffin samples from 3 groups: abortions, normal at term placentas and choriocarcinomas. Western Blot and Real-Time PCR assays were performed on fresh material from BeWo cell line and in primary culture cells of normal placenta.
Results
Immunohistochemical reactions: IL-6 expression was moderate in the first trimester abortion samples and high in at term placentas and choriocarcinomas. STAT-3 was strongly positive in all groups. Telomerase expression was absent in normal at term placentas but was increased in BeWo cells.
Conclusion
IL-6 and STAT-3 are present in the invasion process of the normal placental development and they are maintained during the malignant transformation to choriocarcinoma. The intense telomerase expression observed in BeWo cells was strongly associated with the malignant phenotype, confirming it as a good marker for cell transformation and tumor progression.
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18
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Cui X, Sun J, Liang C, Zheng Q, Yang X, Liu S, Yan Q. Progesterone promotes embryo adhesion by upregulating c-Fos/c-Jun transcription factor-mediated poFUT1 expression†. Biol Reprod 2020; 101:675-685. [PMID: 31260062 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and adhesion abilities of placental trophoblasts are critical for embryo implantation and successful pregnancy. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (poFUT1) and the transcription factor c-Fos/c-Jun have been found to promote trophoblastic cell invade into the endometrium. Progesterone is critical to the regulation of embryonic implantation. However, the exact role of poFUT1 in embryo proliferation and adhesion to the endometrium, and the relationship between progesterone, c-Fos/c-Jun, and poFUT1 has not been studied in detail. In the current study, we found that the serum levels of poFUT1 and progesterone significantly was decreased in miscarriage patients compared with those in normal pregnancy women, and there is a positive correlation between the changes in progesterone and poFUT1. Employing a human embryo trophoblastic cell line (JAR), we showed that progesterone facilitated the activation of c-Fos/c-Jun. Using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we confirmed that the specific transcription factor c-Fos/c-Jun regulated the poFUT1 promoter, which could enhance poFUT1 transcriptional activity, thus further increasing trophoblast cell proliferation and adhesion potential. Taking these findings together, progesterone upregulates poFUT1 expression via the specific transcription factor c-Fos/c-Jun, and then increase trophoblast cell proliferation and adhesion potential. poFUT1 and progesterone may be used together as potential markers of miscarriage, and they may be diagnostic and therapeutic targets for miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaqi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Caixia Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian, China
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19
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Kreuder AE, Bolaños-Rosales A, Palmer C, Thomas A, Geiger MA, Lam T, Amler AK, Markert UR, Lauster R, Kloke L. Inspired by the human placenta: a novel 3D bioprinted membrane system to create barrier models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15606. [PMID: 32973223 PMCID: PMC7515925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrier organ models need a scaffold structure to create a two compartment culture. Technical filter membranes used most often as scaffolds may impact cell behaviour and present a barrier themselves, ultimately limiting transferability of test results. In this work we present an alternative for technical filter membrane systems: a 3D bioprinted biological membrane in 24 well format. The biological membrane, based on extracellular matrix (ECM), is highly permeable and presents a natural 3D environment for cell culture. Inspired by the human placenta we established a coculture of a trophoblast-derived cell line (BeWo b30), together with primary placental fibroblasts within the biological membrane (simulating villous stroma) and primary human placental endothelial cells-representing three cellular components of the human placental villus. All cell types maintained their cell type specific marker expression after two weeks of coculture on the biological membrane. In permeability assays the trophoblast layer developed a barrier on the biological membrane, which was even more pronounced when cocultured with fibroblasts. In this work we present a filter membrane free scaffold, we characterize its properties and assess its suitability for cell culture and barrier models. Further we show a novel placenta inspired model in a complex bioprinted coculture. In the absence of an artificial filter membrane, we demonstrate barrier architecture and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Elisabeth Kreuder
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany.
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany.
| | - Aramis Bolaños-Rosales
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Thomas
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany
| | | | | | - Anna-Klara Amler
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany
| | - Udo R Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, University Hospital Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Lauster
- Medical Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, 13355, Germany
| | - Lutz Kloke
- Cellbricks GmbH, Berlin, 13355, Germany.
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20
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Cordier AG, Bouvier AS, Vibert F, Martinovic J, Couturier-Tarrade A, Lai-Kuen R, Curis E, Fournier T, Benachi A, Peoc'H K, Gil S. Preserved efficiency of sickle cell disease placentas despite altered morphology and function. Placenta 2020; 100:81-88. [PMID: 32871493 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnant women with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at high risk for sickle cell-related complications, obstetrical complications, and perinatal morbidity. Chronic inflammation and the proangiogenic environment associated with SCD have been associated with endothelial damage. It is unknown whether SCD complications could be associated with placental dysfunction or abnormal placental morphology. Moreover, circulating angiogenic factors in pregnant women with SCD are unexplored. METHODS Clinical records, placental and blood samples were collected at term delivery for 21 pregnant patients with SCD and 19 HbAA pregnant controls with adapted to gestational age birth weight newborns. Histological and stereological analyses and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the placenta, and PlGF and sFlt1 measurements in blood were performed. RESULTS In the SCD group, the parenchyma-forming villi of placentas were thinner than in controls, and increased fibrinoid necrosis and an overabundance of syncytial knots were seen. SEM revealed elongated intermediate villous endings with a reduction in the number of terminal villi compared to controls, indicating a significant branching defect in SCD placentas. Finally, SCD patients had an imbalance in the angiogenic ratio of sFlt1/PlGF (p = 0.008) with a drop of PlGF concentrations. DISCUSSION We evidence for the first time both abnormal placenta morphology and altered sFlt1/PlGF ratio in SCD patients, uncorrelated with maintained placental efficiency and fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Gael Cordier
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Centre hospitalier universitaire Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, 92140, Clamart, France; Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, F-75014, France; Centre de référence maladies rares. Syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs, thalassémies et autres pathologies rares du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse, Paris, France.
| | - Anne-Sophie Bouvier
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Francoise Vibert
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, F-75014, France
| | - Jelena Martinovic
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Fœtopathologie, Centre hospitalier universitaire Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France; INSERM, UMR, 1195, Université Paris Sud, Paris Saclay, France
| | | | - René Lai-Kuen
- Plateau technique Imagerie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (ICM), UMS, 3612, CNRS, US25 INSERM, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Emmanuel Curis
- Service de biostatistiques et informatique médicale, Hôpital Saint-Louis, APHP, Paris, France; Laboratoire de biomathématiques, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, France
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Gynécologie Obstétrique, Centre hospitalier universitaire Antoine Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, 92140, Clamart, France; Centre de référence maladies rares. Syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs, thalassémies et autres pathologies rares du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse, Paris, France
| | - Katell Peoc'H
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Laboratoire de Biochimie Clinique, HUPNVS, Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy and Université de Paris, UFR de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Gil
- Université de Paris, INSERM UMR-S1139 (3PHM), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France; PremUp Foundation, Paris, F-75014, France
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21
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Shepel RN, Drapkina OM. Angiogenesis in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: Focus on Endothelial Vascular Growth Factor, Pentraxin-3 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-05-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is considered the leading cause of death in patients with established cardiovascular (CVD) and metabolic diseases. Although the current treatment strategy has improved survival and clinical outcomes, the prevalence of CHF shows an increase. Current clinical guidelines for the treatment and prevention of CVD note the role of biological markers as a fairly simple and powerful tool for diagnosing, stratifying risk and predicting CHF. However, it is unclear whether all of these biological markers are equally capable of predicting cardiovascular mortality and heart failure related outcomes in patients with acute and chronic heart failure, as well as in different phenotypes of heart failure. However, the results of numerous studies demonstrate scientific interest in the processes of angiogenesis among patients with CHF. There is an impressive body of evidence linking CHF to the level of markers such as vascular endothelial growth factor, pentraxin-3, and transforming growth factor beta. The review presents the data of domestic and foreign clinical studies devoted to the study of the level of angiogenesis markers among patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. N. Shepel
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - O. M. Drapkina
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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22
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Bastida-Ruiz D, Wuillemin C, Pederencino A, Yaron M, Martinez de Tejada B, Pizzo SV, Cohen M. Activated α 2-macroglobulin binding to cell surface GRP78 induces trophoblastic cell fusion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9666. [PMID: 32541810 PMCID: PMC7295802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The villous cytotrophoblastic cells have the ability to fuse and differentiate, forming the syncytiotrophoblast (STB). The syncytialisation process is essential for placentation. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in cell fusion and differentiation are yet to be fully elucidated. It has been suggested that cell surface glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) was involved in this process. In multiple cancer cells, cell membrane-located GRP78 has been reported to act as a receptor binding to the active form of α2-macroglobulin (α2M*), activating thus several cellular signalling pathways implicated in cell growth and survival. We hypothesised that GRP78 interaction with α2M* may also activate signalling pathways in trophoblastic cells, which, in turn, may promote cell fusion. Here, we observed that α2M mRNA is highly expressed in trophoblastic cells, whereas it is not expressed in the choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo. We thus took advantage of forskolin-induced syncytialisation of BeWo cells to study the effect of exogenous α2M* on syncytialisation. We first demonstrated that α2M* induced trophoblastic cell fusion. This effect is dependent on α2M*-GRP78 interaction, ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. Overall, these data provide novel insights into the signalling molecules and mechanisms regulating trophoblastic cell fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bastida-Ruiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christine Wuillemin
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aude Pederencino
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michal Yaron
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Begoña Martinez de Tejada
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland.
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23
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Swieboda D, Johnson EL, Beaver J, Haddad L, Enninga EAL, Hathcock M, Cordes S, Jean V, Lane I, Skountzou I, Chakraborty R. Baby's First Macrophage: Temporal Regulation of Hofbauer Cell Phenotype Influences Ligand-Mediated Innate Immune Responses across Gestation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2380-2391. [PMID: 32213562 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The importance of fetal placental macrophages (Hofbauer cell [HCs]) is underscored by their appearance 18 d postconception and maintenance through term; however, how human HCs evolve during healthy pregnancy and how microenvironment and ontogeny impact phenotype and function remain unknown. In this study, we comprehensively classify human HCs ex vivo, interrogate phenotypic plasticity, and characterize antiviral immune responses through gestation. Activated HCs were abundant in early pregnancy and decreased by term; molecular signatures emphasize inflammatory phenotypes early in gestation. Frequency of HCs with regulatory phenotypes remained high through term. Furthermore, term HCs exhibited blunted responses to stimulation, indicating reduced plasticity. IFN-λ1 is a key placental IFN that appeared less protective than IFN-α, suggesting a potential weakness in antiviral immunity. Ligand-specific responses were temporally regulated: we noted an absence of inflammatory mediators and reduced antiviral gene transcription following RIG-I activation at term despite all HCs producing inflammatory mediators following IFN-γ plus LPS stimulation. Collectively, we demonstrate sequential, evolving immunity as part of the natural history of HCs through gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Swieboda
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Erica L Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jacob Beaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Lisa Haddad
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Elizabeth Ann L Enninga
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
| | - Matthew Hathcock
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905; and
| | - Sarah Cordes
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Valerie Jean
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ivy Lane
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Ioanna Skountzou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Rana Chakraborty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; .,Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905
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24
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Abstract
The placenta is essential for normal in utero development in mammals. In humans, defective placental formation underpins common pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction. The great variation in placental types across mammals means that animal models have been of limited use in understanding human placental development. However, new tools for studying human placental development, including 3D organoids, stem cell culture systems and single cell RNA sequencing, have brought new insights into this field. Here, we review the morphological, molecular and functional aspects of human placental formation, with a focus on the defining cell of the placenta - the trophoblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Y Turco
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Development, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK
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25
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He L, Ye X, Gao M, Yang J, Ma J, Xiao F, Wei H. Down-regulation of GLT25D1 inhibited collagen secretion and involved in liver fibrogenesis. Gene 2019; 729:144233. [PMID: 31759980 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Collagen β (1-O) galactosyltransferase 1 (GLT25D1) has been reported to transfer galactose to hydroxylysine residues via β (1-O) linkages in collagen. However, the role of Glt25d1 in liver fibrogenesis is still unknow. Recently, we generated a Glt25d1 knockout mouse to elucidate the role of Glt25d1 in vivo. However, we found that complete deletion of the Glt25d1 gene resulted in embryonic lethality at E11.5. Histopathological analysis revealed that dysplasia in Glt25d1-/- labyrinth with defects of the vascular network. Immunohistochemical showed that the decrease in proliferation of Glt25d1-/- liver and the developing central nervous system (CNS). The role of Glt25d1 in liver fibrogenesis was explored by Glt25d1+/- mice. Glt25d1+/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice were injected intraperitoneally with the same dose of CCl4. The higher level of serum alanine aminotransferase was observed in Glt25d1+/- mice. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chainreaction demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines such as, Tnf-α, Cxcl-1 and Mcp-1, showed a significantly increase in CCl4-treated Glt25d1+/- mice. Collagen-I, collagen-III and α-SMA transcripts accumulation was markedly increased in the Glt25d1+/- mice. However, Masson's trichrome staining revealed a trend to decrease in the ECM proteins deposition of Glt25d1+/- liver. Immunohistochemistry and Western blots revealed that the protein expression of Collagen-III was reduced and a trend to a decrease in collagen-I was observed in the Glt25d1+/- liver compared with those of WT mice. Our results demonstrate that Glt25d1 knockout results in embryonic lethality and down-regulation of Glt25d1 may inhibit collagen secretion during liver fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ye
- Beijing Huaxin Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Tsinghua Uinversity, Beijing, China.
| | - Meixin Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Junru Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiali Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongshan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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26
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The fine-tuning of endoplasmic reticulum stress response and autophagy activation during trophoblast syncytialization. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:651. [PMID: 31501418 PMCID: PMC6733854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1905-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The syncytiotrophoblast (STB) is a multinuclear layer forming the outer surface of the fetal part of the placenta deriving from villous cytotrophoblastic cell (vCTB) fusion and differentiation. This syncytialization process is characterized by morphological and biochemical alterations of the trophoblast, which probably require removal of pre-existing structures and proteins to maintain cell homeostasis and survival. Interestingly, autophagy, which allows degradation and recycling of cellular components, was shown to be activated in syncytiotrophoblast. Here we examined the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) response in autophagy activation during vCTB syncytialization. We first demonstrated the activation of ERS response and autophagy during the time course of trophoblastic cell fusion and differentiation. Alteration of autophagy activation in vCTB by chemical treatments or Beclin-1 expression modulation leads to a decrease in trophoblastic syncytialization. Furthermore, ERS response inhibition by chemical treatment or siRNA strategy leads to a default in syncytialization, associated with alteration of autophagy markers and cell survival. From these data, we suggest that ERS response, by fine regulation of autophagy activation, may serve as an adaptive mechanism to promote cell survival during trophoblastic syncytialization.
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27
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Li Z, Kurosawa O, Iwata H. Establishment of human trophoblast stem cells from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cystic cells under micromesh culture. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:245. [PMID: 31391109 PMCID: PMC6686486 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trophoblasts as a specific cell lineage are crucial for the correct function of the placenta. Human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs) are a proliferative population that can differentiate into syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous cytotrophoblasts. Many studies have reported that chemical supplements induce the differentiation of trophoblasts from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). However, there have been no reports of the establishment of proliferative hTSCs from hiPSCs. Our previous report showed that culturing hiPSCs on micromesh as a bioscaffold induced cystic cells with trophoblast properties. Here, we aimed to establish hTSCs from hiPSCs. METHODS We used the micromesh culture technique to induce hiPSC differentiation into trophoblast cysts. We then reseeded and purified cystic cells. RESULTS The cells derived from the reseeded cysts were highly proliferative. Low expression levels of pluripotency genes and high expression levels of TSC-specific genes were detected in proliferative cells. The cells could be passaged, and further directional differentiation into syncytiotrophoblast- and extravillous cytotrophoblast-like cells was confirmed by marker expression and hormone secretion. CONCLUSIONS We established hiPSC-derived hTSCs, which may be applicable for studying the functions of trophoblasts and the placenta. Our experimental system may provide useful tools for understanding the pathogenesis of infertility owing to trophoblast defects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuosi Li
- The "Compass to Healthy Life" Research Complex Program, RIKEN Institute, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Osamu Kurosawa
- The "Compass to Healthy Life" Research Complex Program, RIKEN Institute, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroo Iwata
- The "Compass to Healthy Life" Research Complex Program, RIKEN Institute, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Research Promotion Institution for COI Site, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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28
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Li XC, Yin XJ, Hong W, Liu J, Jin F, Wang BY, Wang YM, Tian FJ. The orphan nuclear receptor NUR77 promotes trophoblast invasion at early pregnancy through paracrine placental growth factor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1359-1373. [PMID: 31312859 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
NR4A1 (NUR77) is an orphan nuclear receptor that has been implicated in both cell survival and apoptosis. However, the role of NUR77 in trophoblast function during early placenta development has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we showed that NUR77 expression was significantly lower in the villi of the recurrent miscarriage (RM) group compared to that in the healthy controls (HCs) group. We used immunohistochemistry and found that NUR77 was highly expressed in human placental villi during early pregnancy, especially in syncytiotrophoblast (STB), and was expressed at a much lower level in STB from the RM group than in those from HC group. Western blotting data further confirmed that NUR77 was highly expressed in primary human term placental STB and the FSK-induced BeWo cell line. Moreover, antibody array screening and ELISA revealed that NUR77 promoted significant placental growth factor (PGF) expression during trophoblast fusion. Ectopic overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrated that PGF was a novel downstream target of NUR77, and serum PGF expression correlated positively with trophoblast NUR77 mRNA levels in HCs and RM patients. Importantly, bioinformatics analysis identified two NUR77 binding sites in the PGF promoter region, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with Western blotting analysis further verified that NUR77 bound directly to the PGF promoter region and promoted PGF expression. Furthermore, in a BeWo/HTR-8 co-culture system, FSK-induced BeWo-secreted PGF promoted HTR-8 cell migration and invasion, and an anti-PGF antibody reversed this effect. Collectively, these results indicated that NUR77 may play a key role in regulating trophoblast invasion at early pregnancy. KEY MESSAGES: NUR77 expression was significantly decreased in the syncytiotrophoblast of the recurrent miscarriage group compared to that in the healthy control group. NUR77 promoted PGF expression during trophoblast fusion. ChIP and western blotting experiments verified that NUR77 bound directly to the PGF promoter region and activated PGF expression in trophoblast. Trophoblast-derived PGF promoted HTR-8 cell migration and invasion in a cell co-culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Jie Yin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Reproductive Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Ying Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Mei Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, TongJi University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Ju Tian
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Tabata T, Petitt M, Puerta-Guardo H, Michlmayr D, Harris E, Pereira L. Zika Virus Replicates in Proliferating Cells in Explants From First-Trimester Human Placentas, Potential Sites for Dissemination of Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1202-1213. [PMID: 29106643 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection with prolonged viremia leads to fetal infection and congenital Zika syndrome. Previously, we reported that ZIKV infects primary cells from human placentas and fetal membranes. Here, we studied viral replication in numerous explants of anchoring villi and basal decidua from first-trimester human placentas and midgestation amniotic epithelial cells (AmEpCs). Methods Explants and AmEpCs were infected with American and African ZIKV strains at low multiplicities, and ZIKV proteins were visualized by immunofluorescence. Titers of infectious progeny, cell proliferation, and invasiveness were quantified. Results In anchoring villus, ZIKV replicated reproducibly in proliferating cytotrophoblasts in proximal cell columns, dividing Hofbauer cells in villus cores, and invasive cytotrophoblasts, but frequencies differed. Cytotrophoblasts in explants infected by Nicaraguan strains were invasive, whereas those infected by prototype MR766 largely remained in cell columns, and titers varied by donor and strain. In basal decidua, ZIKV replicated in glandular epithelium, decidual cells, and immune cells. ZIKV-infected AmEpCs frequently occurred in pairs and expressed Ki67 and phosphohistone H3, indicating replication in dividing cells. Conclusions ZIKV infection in early pregnancy could target proliferating cell column cytotrophoblasts and Hofbauer cells, amplifying infection in basal decidua and chorionic villi and enabling transplacental transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Tabata
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco
| | - Matthew Petitt
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco
| | - Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley
| | - Daniela Michlmayr
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Disease and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley
| | - Lenore Pereira
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco
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30
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Sheng F, Sun N, Ji Y, Ma Y, Ding H, Zhang Q, Yang F, Li W. Aberrant expression of imprinted lncRNA MEG8 causes trophoblast dysfunction and abortion. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17378-17390. [PMID: 31265183 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of noncoding RNAs whose nucleotides are longer than 200 bp. Previous studies have shown that they play an important regulatory role in many developmental processes and biological pathways. However, the contributions of lncRNAs to placental development are largely unknown. Here, our study aimed to investigate the lncRNA expression signatures in placental development by performing a microarray lncRNA screen. Placental samples were obtained from pregnant C57BL/6 female mice at three key developmental time points (embryonic day E7.5, E13.5, and E19.5). Microarrays were used to analyze the differential expression of lncRNAs during placental development. In addition to the genomic imprinting region and the dynamic DNA methylation status during placental development, we screened imprinted lncRNAs whose expression was controlled by DNA methylation during placental development. We found that the imprinted lncRNA Rian may play an important role during placental development. Its homologous sequence lncRNA MEG8 (RIAN) was abnormally highly expressed in human spontaneous abortion villi. Upregulation of MEG8 expression in trophoblast cell lines decreased cell proliferation and invasion, whereas downregulation of MEG8 expression had the opposite effect. Furthermore, DNA methylation results showed that the methylation of the MEG8 promoter region was increased in spontaneous abortion villi. There was dynamic spatiotemporal expression of imprinted lncRNAs during placental development. The imprinted lncRNA MEG8 is involved in the regulation of early trophoblast cell function. Promoter methylation abnormalities can cause trophoblastic cell defects, which may be one of the factors that occurs in early unexplained spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Sheng
- Changzheng Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningxia Sun
- Changzheng Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Ji
- Changzheng Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Changzheng Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixia Ding
- Changzheng Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Changzheng Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Yang
- Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Department of Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Changzheng Hospital, Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai, China
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31
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Zulu MZ, Martinez FO, Gordon S, Gray CM. The Elusive Role of Placental Macrophages: The Hofbauer Cell. J Innate Immun 2019; 11:447-456. [PMID: 30970346 DOI: 10.1159/000497416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the often overlooked tissue-resident fetal macrophages, Hofbauer cells, which are found within the chorionic villi of the human placenta. Hofbauer cells have been shown to have a phenotype associated with regulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. They are thought to play a crucial role in the regulation of pregnancy and in the maintenance of a homeostatic environment that is crucial for fetal development. Even though the numbers of these macrophages are some of the most abundant immune cells in the human placenta, which are sustained throughout pregnancy, there are very few studies that have identified their origin, their phenotype, and functions and why they are maintained throughout gestation. It is not yet understood how Hofbauer cells may change in function throughout normal pregnancy, and especially in those complicated by maternal gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and viral infections, such as Zika, cytomegalovirus, and human immunodeficiency virus. We review what is known about the origin of these macrophages and explore how common complications of pregnancy dysregulate these cells leading to adverse birth outcomes in humans. Our synthesis sheds light on areas for human studies that can further define these innate regulatory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Z Zulu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fernando O Martinez
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Siamon Gordon
- Chang Gung University, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Clive M Gray
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, .,National Health Laboratory Services/Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa,
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Downregulation of the Netrin-1 Receptor UNC5b Underlies Increased Placental Angiogenesis in Human Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061408. [PMID: 30897795 PMCID: PMC6470495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common metabolic disorder, defined by high blood glucose levels during pregnancy, which affects foetal and post-natal development. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of this detrimental condition are still poorly understood. A dysregulation in circulating angiogenic trophic factors, due to a dysfunction of the feto-placental unit, has been proposed to underlie GDM. But even the detailed study of canonical pro-angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) has not been able to fully explain this detrimental condition during pregnancy. Netrins are non-canonical angiogenic ligands produced by the stroma have shown to be important in placental angiogenesis. In order to address the potential role of Netrin signalling in GDM, we tested the effect of Netrin-1, the most investigated member of the family, produced by Wharton's Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (WJ-MSC), on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) angiogenesis. WJ-MSC and HUVEC primary cell cultures from either healthy or GDM pregnancies were exposed to physiological (5 mM) or high (25 mM) d-glucose. Our results reveal that Netrin-1 is secreted by WJ-MSC from healthy and GDM and both expression and secretion of the ligand do not change with distinct experimental glucose conditions. Noteworthy, the expression of its anti-angiogenic receptor UNC5b is reduced in GDM HUVEC compared with its expression in healthy HUVEC, accounting for an increased Netrin-1 signalling in these cells. Consistently, in healthy HUVEC, UNC5b overexpression induces cell retraction of the sprouting phenotype.
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Wong FT, Lin C, Cox BJ. Cellular systems biology identifies dynamic trophoblast populations in early human placentas. Placenta 2019; 76:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Mangwiro YT, Briffa JF, Gravina S, Mahizir D, Anevska K, Romano T, Moritz KM, Cuffe JS, Wlodek ME. Maternal exercise and growth restriction in rats alters placental angiogenic factors and blood space area in a sex-specific manner. Placenta 2018; 74:47-54. [PMID: 30638632 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth and development are dependent on adequate placental nutrient transfer. The surface area of the placental villous network is a key determinant of nutrient exchange, which is regulated by vasculogenic and angiogenic factors. These factors are altered by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and maternal obesity in both the first (F1) and second (F2) generations. We investigated the impact of endurance exercise in IUGR dams fed a High-fat diet on placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Uteroplacental insufficiency (Restricted) or sham (Control) surgery was induced on embryonic day (E) 18 in Wistar-Kyoto rats. F1 offspring were fed a Chow or High-fat diet from weaning, and at 16 weeks were further allocated an exercise protocol; Sedentary, Exercised prior to and during pregnancy (Exercise), or Exercised during pregnancy only (PregEx). Females were mated (20 weeks) and F2 placentae collected at E20. Maternal Restriction, High-fat feeding and Exercise had a minimal impact on placental regulators of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. However, Restriction increased placental labyrinth tissue area in Chow-fed dams. PregEx induced overt adaptations, including increased VEGFA and decreased PLGF protein expression, and reduced blood space area. These alterations were sex-dependent and associated with alterations in miRNA27a, a known regulator of VEGF translation. These data highlight that maternal exercise initiated during pregnancy (PregEx) causes alterations in placental vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in a sex-dependent manner, with minimal Restriction and maternal diet effects. However, further investigation is required to determine if these adaptations are beneficial or harmful for maternal and fetoplacental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeukai Tm Mangwiro
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jessica F Briffa
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sogand Gravina
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Dayana Mahizir
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Kristina Anevska
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Tania Romano
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, 4101, Australia
| | - James Sm Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Human Placenta Expresses α 2-Adrenergic Receptors and May Be Implicated in Pathogenesis of Preeclampsia and Fetal Growth Restriction. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:2774-2785. [PMID: 30273604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
α2-Adrenergic receptors (α2ARs) are G-protein-coupled receptors involved in catecholamine signaling by extracellular regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathways. We examined placental expression and function of α2AR subtypes in women with severe preeclampsia (sPE) with and without intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Placental biopsies were analyzed from 52 women with i) sPE (n = 8); ii) sPE + IUGR (n = 9); iii) idiopathic IUGR (n = 8); iv) idiopathic preterm birth (n = 16); and v) healthy term controls (n = 11). Expression of α2AR subtypes (α2A, α2B, α2C) and phospho-ERK1/2 (receptor activation marker) was investigated by immunohistochemistry and/or quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The effects of α2CAR knockdown on syncytialization (syncytin-1 and -2) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin secretion were examined in BeWo cells stimulated with forskolin. The effects of α2AR agonist UK 14,304 and specific α2CAR antagonist were tested, using a trophoblast migration assay. All three α2ARs were expressed and functionally active in human placenta with site-specific localization. Highest α2BAR and α2CAR mRNA expression was identified in sPE + IUGR. α2CAR knockdown increased expression of syncytin-1 and -2 but decreased secretion of β-human chorionic gonadotropin. UK 14,304 impaired trophoblast migration. The observed α2AR expression pattern suggests different function for each subtype. α2CAR modulates trophoblast syncytialization and migration and may carry pathogenic role in sPE + IUGR.
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Courtney JA, Cnota JF, Jones HN. The Role of Abnormal Placentation in Congenital Heart Disease; Cause, Correlate, or Consequence? Front Physiol 2018; 9:1045. [PMID: 30131711 PMCID: PMC6091057 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect, affecting ~1% of all live births (van der Linde et al., 2011). Despite improvements in clinical care, it is the leading cause of infant mortality related to birth defects (Yang et al., 2006) and burdens survivors with significant morbidity (Gilboa et al., 2016). Furthermore, CHD accounts for the largest proportion (26.7%) of birth defect-associated hospitalization costs—up to $6.1 billion in 2013 (Arth et al., 2017). Yet after decades of research with a primary focus on genetic etiology, the underlying cause of these defects remains unknown in the majority of cases (Zaidi and Brueckner, 2017). Unexplained CHD may be secondary to undiscovered roles of noncoding genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, among others (Russell et al., 2018). Population studies have recently demonstrated that pregnancies complicated by CHD also carry a higher risk of developing pathologies associated with an abnormal placenta including growth disturbances (Puri et al., 2017), preeclampsia (Auger et al., 2015; Brodwall et al., 2016), preterm birth (Laas et al., 2012), and stillbirth (Jorgensen et al., 2014). Both the heart and placenta are vascular organs and develop concurrently; therefore, shared pathways almost certainly direct the development of both. The involvement of placental abnormalities in congenital heart disease, whether causal, commensurate or reactive, is under investigated and given the common developmental window and shared developmental pathways of the heart and placenta and concurrent vasculature development, we propose that further investigation combining clinical data, in vitro, in vivo, and computer modeling is fundamental to our understanding and the potential to develop therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Courtney
- Molecular and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Division of General Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - James F Cnota
- Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Helen N Jones
- Division of General Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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Lang J, Cheng Y, Rolfe A, Hammack C, Vera D, Kyle K, Wang J, Meissner TB, Ren Y, Cowan C, Tang H. An hPSC-Derived Tissue-Resident Macrophage Model Reveals Differential Responses of Macrophages to ZIKV and DENV Infection. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:348-362. [PMID: 29983385 PMCID: PMC6092684 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are two closely related flaviviruses that lead to different clinical outcomes. The mechanism for the distinct pathogenesis of ZIKV and DENV is poorly understood. Here, we investigate ZIKV and DENV infection of macrophages using a human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived macrophage model and discover key virus-specific responses. ZIKV and DENV productively infect hPSC-derived macrophages. DENV, but not ZIKV, infection of macrophages strongly activates macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) secretion and decreases macrophage migration. Neutralization of MIF leads to improved migratory ability of DENV-infected macrophages. In contrast, ZIKV-infected macrophages exhibit prolonged migration and express low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, ZIKV disrupts the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-MIF positive feedback loop by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our results demonstrate the utility of hPSC-derived macrophages in infectious disease modeling and suggest that the distinct impact of ZIKV and DENV on macrophage immune response may underlie different pathogenesis of Zika and dengue diseases. An hPSC-derived tissue-resident macrophage model for ZIKV and DENV infection ZIKV-, but not DENV-, infected macrophages maintain migratory capacity ZIKV, but not DENV, inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines expression ZIKV disrupts NF-κB-MIF positive feedback loop by inhibiting NF-κB pathway
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Lang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Yichen Cheng
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Alyssa Rolfe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Christy Hammack
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA
| | - Daniel Vera
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Kathleen Kyle
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Jingying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Torsten B Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Chad Cowan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Hengli Tang
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL 32306-4295, USA.
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38
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Okae H, Toh H, Sato T, Hiura H, Takahashi S, Shirane K, Kabayama Y, Suyama M, Sasaki H, Arima T. Derivation of Human Trophoblast Stem Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2017; 22:50-63.e6. [PMID: 29249463 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cells play an essential role in the interactions between the fetus and mother. Mouse trophoblast stem (TS) cells have been derived and used as the best in vitro model for molecular and functional analysis of mouse trophoblast lineages, but attempts to derive human TS cells have so far been unsuccessful. Here we show that activation of Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) and EGF and inhibition of TGF-β, histone deacetylase (HDAC), and Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) enable long-term culture of human villous cytotrophoblast (CT) cells. The resulting cell lines have the capacity to give rise to the three major trophoblast lineages, which show transcriptomes similar to those of the corresponding primary trophoblast cells. Importantly, equivalent cell lines can be derived from human blastocysts. Our data strongly suggest that the CT- and blastocyst-derived cell lines are human TS cells, which will provide a powerful tool to study human trophoblast development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Okae
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hidehiro Toh
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hiura
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sota Takahashi
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Shirane
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuka Kabayama
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Mikita Suyama
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasaki
- Division of Epigenomics and Development, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Department of Informative Genetics, Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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39
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Wong F, Cox BJ. Cellular analysis of trophoblast and placenta. Placenta 2017; 59 Suppl 1:S2-S7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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40
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Ozmen A, Unek G, Korgun ET. Effect of glucocorticoids on mechanisms of placental angiogenesis. Placenta 2017; 52:41-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Liu C, Liang X, Wang J, Zheng Q, Zhao Y, Khan MN, Liu S, Yan Q. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 promotes trophoblast cell proliferation through activation of MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:95-101. [PMID: 28103512 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-fucosylation is an important glycosylation modification and plays an important role in embryonic development. Protein O-fucosyltransferase 1 (poFUT1) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of protein O-fucosylation. Our previous studies showed that poFUT1 promoted trophoblast cell migration and invasion at the fetal-maternal interface, but the role of poFUT1 in trophoblast cells proliferation remains unclear. Here, immunohistochemistry data showed that poFUT1 and PCNA levels were decreased in abortion patient's trophoblasts compared with women with normal pregnancies. Our results also showed that poFUT1 promoted trophoblast cell proliferation by CCK-8 assay and cell cycle analysis. PoFUT1 increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/Akt, while inhibitors of ERK1/2(PD98059), p38 MAPK(SB203580), and PI3K (LY294002) prevented ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt phosphorylation. Moreover, poFUT1 stimulation of trophoblast cells proliferation correlated with increased cell cycle progression by promoting cells into S-phase. The underlying mechanism involved increased cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK 2, CDK 4, and pRb expression and decreased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27, which were blocked by inhibitors of the upstream signaling molecules MAPK and PI3K/Akt. In conclusion, poFUT1 promotes trophoblast cell proliferation by activating MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Institute of Anaesthesia, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Dalian Blood Center, Dalian 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Noman Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiu Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Core Lab of Glycobiology and Glycoengineering, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
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42
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Kannaiyan J, Muthukutty P, Iqbal MDT, Paulraj B. Villous Chorion: A Potential Source for Pluripotent-like Stromal Cells. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2017; 8:221-228. [PMID: 28781492 PMCID: PMC5523533 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.210011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Multipotent stromal cells are isolated from various fetal sources and studied for their phenotypic characterization and ability to differentiate into different lineages. Aims: In this study, we aimed to isolate mesenchymal stem or stromal cells (MSCs) from villous chorion, expand under clinical scale level, compared the potency with other source of fetal-derived MSCs and studied their differentiation capabilities to form all three germ layers. Subjects and Methods: Placenta obtained from C-section was used to isolate villous chorion-MSCs (VC-MSCs) were expanded up to tenth passage and their characteristics were assessed by proliferation rate and phenotypic characterization using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and also expanded MSCs were analyzed for differentiated into all three germ layers by cytochemical staining. Results: Stem cell isolated from VC yielded up to 2.16 × 109 cells at second passage and 3.06–4.23 × 104 cells/cm2 at tenth passage. The total yield of cells with all three sources analysis showed that VC has a low yield at second passage compared to amniotic membrane and Wharton's jelly, but the VC-MSCs yield significant amount in lesser days. The phenotypic characterization revealed positive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 and negative for CD79, CD34, CD45, human leukocyte antigen-DR proving their stemness even at tenth passage. They can able to differentiate into ectodermic neural cells, endodermic hepatocytes, and mesodermal differentiation of chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteogenic cells proving their ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Conclusions: This result suggests that the VC-MSCs are ideal source of stem cells with similar characteristics such as other adult stem cells. Thus, VC-derived MSCs can be potential clinical source in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Palaniyandi Muthukutty
- Department of Tissue Culture, Stem Cell Division, Unistem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - M D Tabish Iqbal
- Department of Tissue Culture, Stem Cell Division, Unistem Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Balaji Paulraj
- Department of Biotechnology, M.G.R College, Hosur, Tamil Nadu, India
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Eskild A, Strøm‐Roum EM, Haavaldsen C. Does the Biological Response to Fetal Hypoxia Involve Angiogenesis, Placental Enlargement and Preeclampsia? Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2016; 30:305-9. [PMID: 27038011 PMCID: PMC4825407 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Eskild
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway,Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ellen Marie Strøm‐Roum
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway,Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Camilla Haavaldsen
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyAkershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
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44
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Szukiewicz D, Bilska A, Mittal TK, Stangret A, Wejman J, Szewczyk G, Pyzlak M, Zamlynski J. Myometrial contractility influences oxytocin receptor (OXTR) expression in term trophoblast cells obtained from the maternal surface of the human placenta. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015; 15:220. [PMID: 26377392 PMCID: PMC4573466 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-015-0656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oxytocin (OXT) acts through its specific receptor (OXTR) and increased density of OXTR and/or augmented sensitivity to OXT were postulated as prerequisites of normal onset of labor. Expression of OXTR in the placental term trophoblast cells has not yet been analyzed in the context of contractile activity of the uterus. Here we examine comparatively OXT contents in the placental tissue adjacent to the uterine wall and expressions of OXTR in this tissue and corresponding isolated placental trophoblast cells. Methods Twenty eight placentae after normal labors at term (group I, N = 14) and after cesarean sections performed without uterine contractile activity (group II, N = 14) have been collected. Tissue excised from the maternal surface of examined placenta was used for OXT concentration measurement, cytotrophoblast cell cultures preparation and immunohistochemistry of OXTR. Concentration of OXT was estimated in the tissue homogenates by an enzyme immunoassay with colorimetric detection. Cytotrophoblast cells were isolated using Kliman’s method based on trypsin, DNase, and a 5–70 % Percoll gradient centrifugation. The cultures were incubated for 5 days in normoxia. Both placental specimens and terminated cytotrophoblast cultures were fixed and embedded in paraffin before being immunostained for OXTR. Using light microscopy with computed morphometry for quantitative analysis, OXTR expressions were estimated in calibrated areas of the paraffin sections. Results There were not significant differences between the groups in respect to the mean OXT concentration. However, in both groups the median value of OXT concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the tissue obtained from the peripheral regions of the maternal surface of the placenta, compared to the samples from the central region of this surface. In placental tissue the mean expression of OXTR in group I was significantly (p < 0.05) increased by approximately 3.2-fold and 3.45-fold (the samples collected from central and peripheral regions, respectively) compared to the values obtained in group II. In the isolated primary trophoblast cultures the differences were even more evident (p < 0.02) and the mean change in OXTR expression in group I comprised approximately 6.9-fold increase and 6.5-fold increase (the samples collected from central and peripheral regions, respectively) compared to the values obtained in group II. Conclusions Upregulation of OXTR within placental trophoblast cells localized close or adherent to uterine wall may play a crucial role in labor with efficient contractile activity (vaginal delivery). Further studies may disclose if this local OXT/OXTR signaling is utilized in the third stage of labor to elicit placental detachment or contribute in a more versatile way throughout the labor period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bilska
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Tarun Kumar Mittal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Kondratowicza 8, 03-242, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Stangret
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Wejman
- Department of Pathology, Professor Witold Orlowski Public Clinical Hospital, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Czerniakowska 231, 00-416, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michal Pyzlak
- Department of General & Experimental Pathology with Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CEPT), Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Pawinskiego 3C, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland. .,Department of Pathology, Professor Witold Orlowski Public Clinical Hospital, Medical Center for Postgraduate Education, Czerniakowska 231, 00-416, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Zamlynski
- Gynecology Clinical Care Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecologic Oncology in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Batorego 15, 41-902, Bytom, Poland.
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Winship A, Correia J, Krishnan T, Menkhorst E, Cuman C, Zhang JG, Nicola NA, Dimitriadis E. Blocking Endogenous Leukemia Inhibitory Factor During Placental Development in Mice Leads to Abnormal Placentation and Pregnancy Loss. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13237. [PMID: 26272398 PMCID: PMC4536525 DOI: 10.1038/srep13237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta forms the interface between the maternal and fetal circulation and is critical for the establishment of a healthy pregnancy. Specialized trophoblast cells derived from the embryonic trophectoderm play a pivotal role in the establishment of the placenta. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is one of the predominant cytokines present in the placenta during early pregnancy. LIF has been shown to regulate trophoblast adhesion and invasion in vitro, however its precise role in vivo is unknown. We hypothesized that LIF would be required for normal placental development in mice. LIF and LIFRα were immunolocalized to placental trophoblasts and fetal vessels in mouse implantation sites during mid-gestation. Temporally blocking LIF action during specific periods of placental development via intraperitoneal administration of our specific LIFRα antagonist, PEGLA, resulted in abnormal placental trophoblast and vascular morphology and reduced activated STAT3 but not ERK. Numerous genes regulating angiogenesis and oxidative stress were altered in the placenta in response to LIF inhibition. Pregnancy viability was also significantly compromised in PEGLA treated mice. Our data suggest that LIF plays an important role in placentation in vivo and the maintenance of healthy pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Winship
- 1] MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia [2] Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Wellington Road, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Jeanne Correia
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Tara Krishnan
- 1] MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia [2] Faculty of Medicine, Nursing &Health Sciences, Wellington Road, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Ellen Menkhorst
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Carly Cuman
- MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nicos A Nicola
- 1] The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia [2] Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Evdokia Dimitriadis
- 1] MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia [2] Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Wellington Road, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of the unique features of DNA methylation in the human placenta. We discuss the importance of understanding placental development, structure, and function in the interpretation of DNA methylation data. Examples are given of how DNA methylation is important in regulating placental-specific gene expression, including monoallelic expression and X-chromosome inactivation in the placenta. We also discuss studies of global DNA methylation changes in the context of placental pathology and environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy P Robinson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - E Magda Price
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4H4, Canada
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Su EJ, Xin H, Yin P, Dyson M, Coon J, Farrow KN, Mestan KK, Ernst LM. Impaired fetoplacental angiogenesis in growth-restricted fetuses with abnormal umbilical artery doppler velocimetry is mediated by aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT). J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E30-40. [PMID: 25343232 PMCID: PMC4283004 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fetal growth restriction with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (FGRadv), reflective of elevated fetoplacental vascular resistance, is associated with increased risks of fetal morbidity and mortality even in comparison to those of growth-restricted fetuses with normal placental blood flow. One major cause of this abnormally elevated fetoplacental vascular resistance is the aberrantly formed, thin, elongated villous vessels that are seen in FGRadv placentas. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the role of fetoplacental endothelial cells (ECs) in angiogenesis in normal pregnancies and in those complicated by FGRadv. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Human placental specimens were obtained from FGRadv and gestational age-matched, appropriately grown control pregnancies for EC isolation/culture and for immunohistochemical studies. Additional mechanistic studies were performed on ECs isolated from subjects with term, uncomplicated pregnancies. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We evaluated tube formation and differential angiogenic gene expression in FGRadv and control ECs, and we used ECs from uncomplicated pregnancies to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which angiogenesis is impaired in FGRadv pregnancies. RESULTS Tube formation assays showed that FGRadv ECs demonstrate fewer branch points and total length compared with those from gestational age-matched controls, and this defect was not rescued by exposure to hypoxia. FGRadv ECs also demonstrated lower aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) expression. ARNT knockdown resulted in suppression of key angiogenic genes including vascular endothelial growth factor A expression and led to deficient tube formation. CONCLUSIONS ARNT expression in the placental vasculature mediates key angiogenic expression and fetoplacental EC angiogenesis, and low ARNT expression in FGRadv ECs appears to be a key factor in deficient angiogenesis. This, in turn, results in malformed thin villous vessels that structurally contribute to the abnormally elevated fetoplacental vascular resistance that is associated with high morbidity and mortality in fetal growth restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (E.J.S., H.X., P.Y., M.D., J.C.), Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and/or Division of Reproductive Science in Medicine, and Department of Pathology (L.M.E.), Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611; and Department of Pediatrics (K.N.F., K.K.M.), Division of Neonatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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LIF upregulates poFUT1 expression and promotes trophoblast cell migration and invasion at the fetal-maternal interface. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1396. [PMID: 25165882 PMCID: PMC4454310 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cell migration and invasion are crucial for the establishment of a successful pregnancy. Protein O-fucosyltransferases, such as poFUT1 and poFUT2, catalyze the O-fucosylation of proteins and have important roles in embryonic development. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a critical cytokine in the regulation of embryonic development and implantation. However, the exact roles of poFUTs in embryo migration and invasion and the effects of LIF on the expression of poFUTs have not been studied in detail. In the current study, we showed that poFUT1 and LIF were highly expressed in human trophoblast cells and in the serum of women during the first trimester of a normal pregnancy. However, in patients with threatened abortion, poFUT1 and LIF levels were found to be reduced. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of poFUT2 between the two groups. The migration and invasion potential of trophoblasts in an explant culture and in an in vitro implantation model was decreased or increased upon altering poFUT1 expression levels by siRNA or cDNA transfection. Our results also revealed that LIF upregulated the expression of poFUT1. The upregulation of poFUT1 by LIF promoted trophoblast cell migration and invasion at the fetal–maternal interface by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, these study findings suggest that poFUT1 may be used as a marker of embryo implantation.
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Cuman C, Menkhorst E, Winship A, Van Sinderen M, Osianlis T, Rombauts LJ, Dimitriadis E. Fetal–maternal communication: the role of Notch signalling in embryo implantation. Reproduction 2014; 147:R75-86. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The establishment of a successful pregnancy requires the implantation of a competent blastocyst into a ‘receptive’ endometrium, facilitating the formation of a functional placenta. Inadequate or inappropriate implantation and placentation is a major reason for infertility and is thought to lead to first-trimester miscarriage, placental insufficiency and other obstetric complications. Blastocyst–endometrial interactions are critical for implantation and placental formation. The Notch signalling family is a receptor–ligand family that regulates cellular processes as diverse as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, invasion and adhesion. Notch signalling is achieved via cell–cell interaction; thus, via Notch, cells can have direct effects on the fate of their neighbours. Recently, a number of studies have identified Notch receptors and ligands in the endometrium, blastocyst and placenta. This review collates current knowledge of this large receptor–ligand family and explores the role of Notch signalling during implantation and placentation, drawing on information from both human and animal studies. Overall, the evidence suggests that Notch signalling is a critical component of fetal–maternal communication during implantation and placentation and that abnormal Notch expression is associated with impaired placentation and pre-eclampsia.
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Bassols J, Moreno-Navarrete J, Carreras-Badosa G, Diaz M, Prats-Puig A, Palomer AM, de Zegher F, Ibáñez L, Fernandez-Real JM, Lopez-Bermejo A. Placental sprouty 2 (SPRY2): relation to placental growth and maternal metabolic status. Neonatology 2014; 106:120-5. [PMID: 24969401 DOI: 10.1159/000362783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SPROUTY2 (SPRY2) is a membrane-associated protein expressed by placental macrophages with regulatory roles in tissue growth and development. The SPRY2 locus was shown to be associated with body fat distribution and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES We assessed whether SPRY2 mRNA levels are related with maternal metabolic status and with placental weight. We also studied the association of placental mRNA of SPRY2 with macrophage-derived inflammatory genes. METHODS A maternal metabolic profile [C-peptide, post-load glucose and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin] was assessed between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation in 200 control women delivering adequate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants. Placentas and newborns were weighed at delivery. Placental mRNA levels of SPRY2 and of macrophage-derived inflammatory genes MMP2, TNFα and CD163 were quantified by real-time PCR. Women delivering small-for-gestational-age infants (SGA, n = 25) and women with gestational diabetes (GDM, n = 25) were also studied as validation groups for placental growth. RESULTS In control women delivering AGA infants, placental SPRY2 mRNA levels showed positive associations with a more adverse maternal metabolic status (higher maternal C-peptide and post-load glucose and lower HMW adiponectin), with more placental weight and with a more placental inflammatory phenotype (higher placental mRNA levels of MMP2,TNFα and CD163) (all p < 0.05 to p = 0.001). Compared to AGA infants, placental weight and placental SPRY2 mRNA levels were lower in placentas from SGA infants and higher in placentas from women with GDM (all p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a link between placental SPRY2 mRNA levels and placental growth, which may be modulated by maternal metabolic status and placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Bassols
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital, Girona, Spain
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