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Collins M, Clark MS, Truebano M. The environmental cellular stress response: the intertidal as a multistressor model. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:467-475. [PMID: 37129699 PMCID: PMC10469114 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01348-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The wild poses a multifaceted challenge to the maintenance of cellular function. Therefore, a multistressor approach is essential to predict the cellular mechanisms which promote homeostasis and underpin whole-organism tolerance. The intertidal zone is particularly dynamic, and thus, its inhabitants provide excellent models to assess mechanisms underpinning multistressor tolerance. Here, we critically review our current understanding of the regulation of the cellular stress response (CSR) under multiple abiotic stressors in intertidal organisms and consider to what extent a multistressor approach brings us closer to understanding responses in the wild. The function of the CSR has been well documented in laboratory and field exposures with a view to understanding single-stressor thermal effects. Multistressor studies still remain relatively limited in comparison but have applied three main approaches: (i) laboratory application of multiple stressors in isolation, (ii) multiple stressors applied in combination, and (iii) field-based correlation of multiple stressors against the CSR. The application of multiple stressors in isolation has allowed the identification of putative, shared stress pathways but overlooks non-additive stressor interactions on the CSR. Combined stressor studies are relatively limited in number but already highlight variable effects on the CSR dependent upon stressor type, timing, and magnitude. Field studies have allowed the identification of responsive components of the CSR to various stressors in situ but are correlative, not causative. A combined approach involving laboratory multistressor studies linking the CSR to whole-organism tolerance as well as field studies is required if we are to understand the role of the CSR in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Collins
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 OET, UK
| | - Manuela Truebano
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK
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2
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Gill LT, Kennedy JR, Marshall KE. Proteostasis in ice: the role of heat shock proteins and ubiquitin in the freeze tolerance of the intertidal mussel, Mytilus trossulus. J Comp Physiol B 2023; 193:155-169. [PMID: 36593419 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-022-01473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The bay mussel, Mytilus trossulus, is an animal that can survive extracellular ice formation. Depending on air and ocean temperatures, freeze tolerant intertidal organisms, like M. trossulus, may freeze and thaw many times during the winter. Freezing can cause protein denaturation, leading to an induction of the heat shock response with expression of chaperone proteins like the 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70), and an increase in ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. There has been little work on the mechanisms of freeze tolerance in intertidal species, limiting our understanding of this survival strategy. Additionally, this limited research has focused solely on the effects of single freezing events, but the act of repeatedly crossing the freezing threshold may present novel physiological or biochemical stressors that have yet to be discovered. Mytilus are important ecosystem engineers and provide habitat for other intertidal species, thus understanding their physiology under thermal extremes is important for preserving shoreline health. We predicted that repeated freeze exposures would increase mortality, upregulate HSP70 expression, and increase ubiquitin conjugates in mussels, relative to single, prolonged freeze exposures. Mytilus trossulus from Vancouver, Canada were repeatedly frozen for a combination of 1 × 8 h, 2 × 4 h, or 4 × 2 h. We then compared mortality, HSP70 expression, and the quantity of ubiquitin-conjugated proteins across experimental groups. We found a single 8-h freeze caused significantly more mortality than repeated freeze-thaw cycles. We also found that HSP70 and ubiquitinated protein was upregulated exclusively after freeze-thaw cycles, suggesting that freeze-thaw cycles offer a period of damage repair between freezes. This indicates that freeze-thaw cycles, which happen naturally in the intertidal, are crucial for M. trossulus survival in sub-zero temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren T Gill
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica R Kennedy
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Katie E Marshall
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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3
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Hamilton JS, Piria M, Gavrilović A, Mrkonjić Fuka M, Svečnjak L, Nikolić S, Bakiu R, Gardner JPA. Limited population genetic variation but pronounced seascape genetic structuring in populations of the Mediterranean mussel ( Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the eastern Adriatic Sea. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9729. [PMID: 36713489 PMCID: PMC9873513 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Population genetic analysis of variation at five neutral microsatellite loci for Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from 18 sites along the eastern Adriatic Sea revealed little or no spatial variation. In contrast, seascape genetics analysis revealed a pronounced locus-specific gradient in allelic and genotypic frequencies across the study region. At a sixth locus, MGE7, the frequencies of two alleles, MGE7243 and MGE7249, were strongly associated, negatively and positively, respectively, with a single environmental variable - minimum salinity (minSAL). The frequency of the MGE7243/243 homozygous genotype was strongly negatively associated with minSAL, whereas the frequencies of the MGE7246/249 and the MGE7249/249 genotypes were strongly positively correlated with minSAL. Interpretation of these pronounced gradients is confounded by the fact that minSAL and another environmental variable, maximum sea surface temperature (maxSST), are highly correlated (R = -.911) and are therefore not necessarily acting independently. BLAST searches of the MGE7 locus against M. galloprovincialis whole genome shotgun sequence returned an alignment with contig mg10_S01094 (accession UYJE01010330.1) and 7 predicted M. galloprovincialis proteins VDI82194.1 - VDI82200.1. Conserved domain searches revealed a similar structure to the transcriptional regulator Msx2-interacting protein. The BLASTp search also returned significant alignments to Msx2-interacting proteins in Mytilus coruscus, Crassostrea virginica, and Haliotis rubra. The existence of the MGE7 gradient highlights the role that environmental variation may play in retarding gene flow among wild M. galloprovincialis populations, and also how the success of collection of young mussels (spat) from one site and their transfer to another site (the farm) may be influenced by a single factor such as minSAL or maxSST on a localized scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna S. Hamilton
- School of Biological SciencesVictoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand
| | - Marina Piria
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Wildlife Management and Special ZoologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia,Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental ProtectionUniversity of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | - Ana Gavrilović
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Wildlife Management and Special ZoologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Mirna Mrkonjić Fuka
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Lidija Svečnjak
- Department of Fisheries, Apiculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Wildlife Management and Special ZoologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Slađana Nikolić
- Institute of Marine BiologyUniversity of MontenegroKotorMontenegro
| | - Rigers Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentAgricultural University of TiranaTiranaAlbania,Albanian Center for Environmental Protection and Sustainable DevelopmentTiranaAlbania
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4
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Boroda AV, Kipryushina YO, Odintsova NA. The effects of cold stress on Mytilus species in the natural environment. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:821-832. [PMID: 32297161 PMCID: PMC7591686 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental stressors induce changes in marine mussels from molecular (e.g., neurotransmitter and chaperone concentration, and expression of immune- and heat-shock protein-related genes) to physiological (e.g., filtration and heart rates, the number of circulating hemocytes) levels. Temperature directly affects the biogeographic distribution of mussels. Chaperones might form an essential part of endogenous protective mechanisms for the adaptation of these animals to low temperatures in nature. Here, we review the available studies dealing with cold stress responses of Mytilidae family members in their natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Victorovich Boroda
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia.
| | - Yulia Olegovna Kipryushina
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia
| | - Nelly Adolphovna Odintsova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky Krai, 690041, Russia
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5
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Boroda AV, Kipryushina YO, Odintsova NA. Chemical modulation of apoptosis in molluscan cell cultures. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:905-916. [PMID: 31230213 PMCID: PMC6717236 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-01014-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focused on the alterations that occur in larval molluscan cells after administration of apoptotic inducers and inhibitors used in mammalian cells in response to cold stress. This is the first report on apoptosis modulation in molluscan cells assessed by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial activity, general caspase activation, and membrane integrity of control molluscan cells were compared to those processes in frozen-thawed molluscan cells, primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and human colon tumor cells prior to treatment and after incubation with apoptotic inducers or inhibitors. We tested three apoptotic inducers (staurosporine, camptothecin, and mitomycin C, routinely used for the chemical induction of apoptosis in different mammalian cells) and found that only staurosporine resulted in an evident apoptotic increase in molluscan cell cultures: 9.06% early apoptotic cells in comparison with 5.63% in control frozen-thawed cells and 20.6% late apoptotic cells in comparison with 10.68% in controls. Camptothecin did not significantly induce molluscan cell apoptosis but did cause a slight increase in the number of active cells after thawing. Mitomycin C produced similar results, but its effect was less pronounced. In addition, we hypothesize that the use of the apoptotic inhibitors could reduce apoptosis, which is significant after cryopreservation in molluscan cells; however, our attempts failed. Development in this direction is important for understanding the mechanisms of marine organisms' cold susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Victorovich Boroda
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky krai, 690041, Russia.
| | - Yulia Olegovna Kipryushina
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky krai, 690041, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nelly Adolphovna Odintsova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St, Vladivostok, Primorsky krai, 690041, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
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6
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Present and future invasion perspectives of an alien shrimp in South Atlantic coastal waters: an experimental assessment of functional biomarkers and thermal tolerance. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-01921-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Multifunctional behaviour in a sandy shore crab enhances performance in extreme intertidal environments. Oecologia 2018; 189:79-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Madeira C, Leal MC, Diniz MS, Cabral HN, Vinagre C. Thermal stress and energy metabolism in two circumtropical decapod crustaceans: Responses to acute temperature events. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 141:148-158. [PMID: 30180992 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Extreme events associated with global warming, such as ocean heat waves, can have contrasting fitness consequences for different species, thereby modifying the structure and composition of marine communities. Here, we examined the effects of a laboratory simulated heat wave on the physiology and performance of two Indo-Pacific crustacean species: the shrimp Rhynchocinetes durbanensis and the hermit crab Calcinus laevimanus. We exposed the crustaceans to a control temperature or to a +5 °C temperature (25 °C vs 30 °C) for two consecutive weeks, and weekly analyzed protective proteins, antioxidant activity, and lipid peroxides in muscle and visceral mass. Fulton's K, total protein, %C, and C:N molar ratio of muscle tissue were also analyzed at the end of the experiment. Results showed that 1) the most responsive tissues were the muscle in the shrimp species and the visceral mass in the hermit crab species; 2) biomarker responses in both species occurred mostly after 7 days of exposure; 3) temperature stress led to an increase in biomarker levels; 4) highest biomarker fold-changes were detected in protective chaperones and antioxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase; 4) integrated biomarker indices suggested poorer health status in individuals subjected to the heat wave; 5) performance changes at the organism level were only detected in R. durbanensis; and 6) mortality rates of both species remained unchanged with the heat wave. Finally, we concluded that these species are capable of physiological adjustments in response to rapid environmental changes, which ultimately confers them with enough thermal tolerance to withstand this simulated heat wave without major consequences for fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Madeira
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Miguel C Leal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Fish Ecology & Evolution, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Seestrasse 79, Kastanienbaum, 6047, Switzerland
| | - Mário S Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Henrique N Cabral
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
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9
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Sorte CJB, Davidson VE, Franklin MC, Benes KM, Doellman MM, Etter RJ, Hannigan RE, Lubchenco J, Menge BA. Long-term declines in an intertidal foundation species parallel shifts in community composition. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:341-352. [PMID: 27411169 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The earth is in the midst of a biodiversity crisis, and projections indicate continuing and accelerating rates of global changes. Future alterations in communities and ecosystems may be precipitated by changes in the abundance of strongly interacting species, whose disappearance can lead to profound changes in abundance of other species, including an increase in extinction rate for some. Nearshore coastal communities are often dependent on the habitat and food resources provided by foundational plant (e.g., kelp) and animal (e.g., shellfish) species. We quantified changes in the abundance of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis), a foundation species known to influence diversity and productivity of intertidal habitats, over the past 40 years in the Gulf of Maine, USA, one of the fastest warming regions in the global ocean. Using consistent survey methods, we compared contemporary population sizes to historical data from sites spanning >400 km. The results of these comparisons showed that blue mussels have declined in the Gulf of Maine by >60% (range: 29-100%) at the site level since the earliest benchmarks in the 1970s. At the same time as mussels declined, community composition shifted: at the four sites with historical community data, the sessile community became increasingly algal dominated. Contemporary (2013-2014) surveys across 20 sites showed that sessile species richness was positively correlated to mussel abundance in mid to high intertidal zones. These results suggest that declines in a critical foundation species may have already impacted the intertidal community. To inform future conservation efforts, we provide a database of historical and contemporary baselines of mussel population abundance and dynamics in the Gulf of Maine. Our results underscore the importance of anticipating not only changes in diversity but also changes in the abundance and identity of component species, as strong interactors like foundation species have the potential to drive cascading community shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cascade J B Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | | | - Marcus C Franklin
- Cornell Institute for Public Affairs, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kylla M Benes
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Meredith M Doellman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Ron J Etter
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Robyn E Hannigan
- School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Jane Lubchenco
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Bruce A Menge
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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10
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Lima FP, Gomes F, Seabra R, Wethey DS, Seabra MI, Cruz T, Santos AM, Hilbish TJ. Loss of thermal refugia near equatorial range limits. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:254-263. [PMID: 26426985 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the importance of thermal refugia along the majority of the geographical range of a key intertidal species (Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758) on the Atlantic coast of Europe. We asked whether differences between sun-exposed and shaded microhabitats were responsible for differences in physiological stress and ecological performance and examined the availability of refugia near equatorial range limits. Thermal differences between sun-exposed and shaded microhabitats are consistently associated with differences in physiological performance, and the frequency of occurrence of high temperatures is most probably limiting the maximum population densities supported at any given place. Topographical complexity provides thermal refugia throughout most of the distribution range, although towards the equatorial edges the magnitude of the amelioration provided by shaded microhabitats is largely reduced. Importantly, the limiting effects of temperature, rather than being related to latitude, seem to be tightly associated with microsite variability, which therefore is likely to have profound effects on the way local populations (and consequently species) respond to climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando P Lima
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Filipa Gomes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - Rui Seabra
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - David S Wethey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Maria I Seabra
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar (CIEMAR), Universidade de Évora, Avenida Vasco da Gama, Apartado 190, Sines, 7520-903, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cruz
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Laboratório de Ciências do Mar (CIEMAR), Universidade de Évora, Avenida Vasco da Gama, Apartado 190, Sines, 7520-903, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Évora, Évora, 7002-554, Portugal
| | - António M Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, Porto, 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Thomas J Hilbish
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
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Lockwood BL, Connor KM, Gracey AY. The environmentally tuned transcriptomes of Mytilus mussels. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:1822-33. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.118190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Transcriptomics is a powerful tool for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that underlie the ability of organisms to survive and thrive in dynamic and changing environments. Here, we review the major contributions in this field, and we focus on studies of mussels in the genus Mytilus, which are well-established models for the study of ecological physiology in fluctuating environments. Our review is organized into four main sections. First, we illustrate how the abiotic forces of the intertidal environment drive the rhythmic coupling of gene expression to diel and tidal cycles in Mytilus californianus. Second, we discuss the challenges and pitfalls of conducting transcriptomic studies in field-acclimatized animals. Third, we examine the link between transcriptomic responses to environmental stress and biogeographic distributions in blue mussels, Mytilus trossulus and Mytilus galloprovincialis. Fourth, we present a comparison of transcriptomic datasets and identify 175 genes that share common responses to heat stress across Mytilus species. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that transcriptomics can provide an informative snapshot of the physiological state of an organism within an environmental context. In a comparative framework, transcriptomics can reveal how natural selection has shaped patterns of transcriptional regulation that may ultimately influence biogeography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent L. Lockwood
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, 120 Marsh Life Science, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Kwasi M. Connor
- Marine Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Y. Gracey
- Marine Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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12
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Stafford R, Ng TP, Williams GA, Davies MS. A biologically relevant rapid quantification of physical and biological stress profiles on rocky shores. ECOL INFORM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Lardies MA, Arias MB, Poupin MJ, Bacigalupe LD. Heritability of hsp70 expression in the beetle Tenebrio molitor: Ontogenetic and environmental effects. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 67:70-75. [PMID: 24968147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ectotherms constitute the vast majority of terrestrial biodiversity and are especially likely to be vulnerable to climate warming because their basic physiological functions such as locomotion, growth, and reproduction are strongly influenced by environmental temperature. An integrated view about the effects of global warming will be reached not just establishing how the increase in mean temperature impacts the natural populations but also establishing the effects of the increase in temperature variance. One of the molecular responses that are activated in a cell under a temperature stress is the heat shock protein response (HSP). Some studies that have detected consistent differences among thermal treatments and ontogenetic stages in HSP70 expression have assumed that these differences had a genetic basis and consequently expression would be heritable. We tested for changes in quantitative genetic parameters of HSP70 expression in a half-sib design where individuals of the beetle Tenebrio molitor were maintained in constant and varying thermal environments. We estimated heritability of HSP70 expression using a linear mixed modelling approach in different ontogenetic stages. Expression levels of HSP70 were consistently higher in the variable environment and heritability estimates were low to moderate. The results imply that within each ontogenetic stage additive genetic variance was higher in the variable environment and in adults compared with constant environment and larvae stage, respectively. We found that almost all the genetic correlations across ontogenetic stages and environment were positive. These suggest that directional selection for higher levels of expression in one environment will result in higher expression levels of HSP70 on the other environment for the same ontogenetic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Lardies
- Departamento de Ciencias, Facultad de Artes Liberales, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Peñalolen, Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Chile.
| | | | - María Josefina Poupin
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Peñalolen, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo D Bacigalupe
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
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14
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Dennis AB, Loomis SH, Hellberg ME. Latitudinal Variation of Freeze Tolerance in Intertidal Marine Snails of the Genus Melampus (Gastropoda: Ellobiidae). Physiol Biochem Zool 2014; 87:517-26. [DOI: 10.1086/676138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Koenigstein S, Pöhlmann K, Held C, Abele D. Ecological comparison of cellular stress responses among populations - normalizing RT-qPCR values to investigate differential environmental adaptations. BMC Ecol 2013; 13:21. [PMID: 23680017 PMCID: PMC3663710 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6785-13-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rising temperatures and other environmental factors influenced by global climate change can cause increased physiological stress for many species and lead to range shifts or regional population extinctions. To advance the understanding of species’ response to change and establish links between individual and ecosystem adaptations, physiological reactions have to be compared between populations living in different environments. Although changes in expression of stress genes are relatively easy to quantify, methods for reliable comparison of the data remain a contentious issue. Using normalization algorithms and further methodological considerations, we compare cellular stress response gene expression levels measured by RT-qPCR after air exposure experiments among different subpopulations of three species of the intertidal limpet Nacella. Results Reference gene assessment algorithms reveal that stable reference genes can differ among investigated populations and / or treatment groups. Normalized expression values point to differential defense strategies to air exposure in the investigated populations, which either employ a pronounced cellular stress response in the inducible Hsp70 forms, or exhibit a comparatively high constitutive expression of Hsps (heat shock proteins) while showing only little response in terms of Hsp induction. Conclusions This study serves as a case study to explore the methodological prerequisites of physiological stress response comparisons among ecologically and phylogenetically different organisms. To improve the reliability of gene expression data and compare the stress responses of subpopulations under potential genetic divergence, reference gene stability algorithms are valuable and necessary tools. As the Hsp70 isoforms have been shown to play different roles in the acute stress responses and increased constitutive defenses of populations in their different habitats, these comparative studies can yield insight into physiological strategies of adaptation to environmental stress and provide hints for the prudent use of the cellular stress response as a biomarker to study environmental stress and stress adaptation of populations under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Koenigstein
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven D-27515, Germany.
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Lencioni V, Bernabò P, Cesari M, Rebecchi L, Cesari M. Thermal stress induces HSP70 proteins synthesis in larvae of the cold stream non-biting midge Diamesa cinerella Meigen. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 83:1-14. [PMID: 23404797 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments on the cold stenothermal midge Diamesa cinerella (Diptera, Chironomidae) were performed to study the relationship between increasing temperature and heat shock proteins (HSP70) expression at translational level (Western blotting). Thermotolerance of IV instar larvae collected in nature at 1.5-4.3°C during seasons was analyzed through short-term (1 h at ten different temperatures from 26°C to 35°C) and long-term (1-14 h at 26°C and 1-4 h at 32°C) heat shocks. A high thermotolerance was detected (LT50=30.9-32.8°C and LT100=34.0-37.8°C). However, survival decreased consistently with increasing exposure time, especially at higher temperature (LTime50=7.64 h at 26°C and LTime50=1.73 h at 32°C). The relationship between such heat resistance and HSP70 expression appeared evident because a relationship between HSP70 level and larval survival rate was generally found. A heat shock response (HSR) was consistent only in the summer larvae. The absence of HSR in the other populations coupled with even higher amounts of HSP70 than in summer, led us to hypothesize that other macromolecules and other adaptive mechanisms, apart from biochemical ones, are involved in the response of D. cinerella larvae to high temperature. Altogether these results stressed how in this midge the HSP70 protein family confers resistance against cold, being detected under natural conditions in control larvae collected in all seasons, but also against warm under experimental heat shocks. These results give new insights into possible responses to climate changes in freshwater insects within the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Lencioni
- Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Museo delle Scienze, Trento, Italy.
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Webster N, Pantile R, Botté E, Abdo D, Andreakis N, Whalan S. A complex life cycle in a warming planet: gene expression in thermally stressed sponges. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:1854-68. [PMID: 23379529 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sponges are abundant, diverse and functionally important components of aquatic biotopes with crucial associations for many reef fish and invertebrates. Sponges have strict temperature optima, and mass mortality events have occurred after unusually high temperatures. To assess how sponges may adapt to thermal stress associated with a changing climate, we applied gene expression profiling to both stages of their bipartite life cycles. Adult Rhopaloeides odorabile are highly sensitive to thermal stress (32 °C), yet their larvae can withstand temperatures up to 36 °C. Here, we reveal the molecular mechanisms that underpin these contrasting thermal tolerances, which may provide sponges with a means to successfully disperse into cooler waters. Heat shock protein 70 was induced by increasing temperature in adult sponges, and genes involved in important biological functions including cytoskeleton rearrangement, signal transduction, protein synthesis/degradation, oxidative stress and detoxification were all negatively correlated with temperature. Conversely, gene expression in larvae was not significantly affected until 36 °C when a stress response involving extremely rapid activation of heat shock proteins occurred. This study provides the first transcriptomic assessment of thermal stress on both life history stages of a marine invertebrate facilitating better predictions of the long-term consequences of climate change for sponge population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia.
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Place SP, Menge BA, Hofmann GE. Transcriptome profiles link environmental variation and physiological response of Mytilus californianus between Pacific tides. Funct Ecol 2011; 26:144-155. [PMID: 22563136 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2011.01924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY: The marine intertidal zone is characterized by large variation in temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and the supply of nutrients and food on seasonal and daily time scales. These oceanic fluctuations drive of ecological processes such as recruitment, competition and consumer-prey interactions largely via physiological mehcanisms. Thus, to understand coastal ecosystem dynamics and responses to climate change, it is crucial to understand these mechanisms.Here we utilize transcriptome analysis of the physiological response of the mussel Mytilus californianus at different spatial scales to gain insight into these mechanisms. We used mussels inhabiting different vertical locations within Strawberry Hill on Cape Perpetua, OR and Boiler Bay on Cape Foulweather, OR to study inter- and intra-site variation of gene expression.The results highlight two distinct gene expression signatures related to the cycling of metabolic activity and perturbations to cellular homeostasis. Intermediate spatial scales show a strong influence of oceanographic differences in food and stress environments between sites separated by ~65 km.Together, these new insights into environmental control of gene expression may allow understanding of important physiological drivers within and across populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Place
- Department of Biological Sciences & Environment and Sustainability Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA
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Evans TG, Somero GN. Phosphorylation Events Catalyzed by Major Cell Signaling Proteins Differ in Response to Thermal and Osmotic Stress among Native (Mytilus californianus and Mytilus trossulus) and Invasive (Mytilus galloprovincialis) Species of Mussels. Physiol Biochem Zool 2010; 83:984-96. [DOI: 10.1086/656192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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The combination of selection and dispersal helps explain genetic structure in intertidal mussels. Oecologia 2010; 165:947-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lesser MP, Bailey MA, Merselis DG, Morrison JR. Physiological response of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis to differences in food and temperature in the Gulf of Maine. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2010; 156:541-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effects of Heat Shock Protein-70 Gene and Forage System on Milk Yield and Composition of Beef Cattle1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30621-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Sub-littoral and supra-littoral amphipods respond differently to acute thermal stress. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 155:413-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fu W, Yao J, Wang X, Liu F, Fu G, Duan D. Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a cytosolic Hsp70 gene from Laminaria japonica (Laminariaceae, Phaeophyta). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 11:738-47. [PMID: 19259734 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-009-9188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a full-length cytosolic heat shock protein 70 complementary DNA (cDNA) of Laminaria japonica (designated as LJHsp70) was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) coupled with rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The full length of LJHsp70 cDNA was 2,918 bp, with a 5' untranslated region of 248 bp, a 3' untranslated region of 696 bp, and an open reading frame of 1,974 bp encoding a polypeptide of 657 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 72.03 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of 4.97. There was highly repeated sequence of CAA in 5' untranslated region of LJHsp70. The result of phylogenetic tree of Hsp70s, the BLAST program, analysis and cytosolic Hsp70-specific motif of LJHsp70 verified that the cloned LJHsp70 belonged to cytosolic Hsp70 family. Three typical Hsp70 signature motifs were detected in LJHsp70 by InterPro analysis. Under different stress conditions, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of LJHsp70 were quantified by quantitative RT-PCR. To L. japonica sporophytes kept in different temperatures for 1 h, the expression level of LJHsp70 at 30 degrees C was highest and twofold higher than that at 10 degrees C. To L. japonica sporophytes kept at 25 degrees C for different times, the mRNA expression level of LJHsp70 reached a maximum level after 7 h and then dropped progressively. The expression level of LJHsp70 at 0 or 5 per thousand salt concentration for 2 h was twofold higher than that at 30 per thousand salt concentration for 2 h. The results showed that LJHsp70 may be a kind of potential biomarker used to monitor environment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Fu
- Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
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25
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Denny MW, Hunt LJH, Miller LP, Harley CDG. On the prediction of extreme ecological events. ECOL MONOGR 2009. [DOI: 10.1890/08-0579.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Miller LP, Harley CDG, Denny MW. The role of temperature and desiccation stress in limiting the local-scale distribution of the owl limpet,Lottia gigantea. Funct Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sex-, gametogenesis, and tidal height-related differences in levels of HSP70 and metallothioneins in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2009; 152:234-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tomanek L. The Importance of Physiological Limits in Determining Biogeographical Range Shifts due to Global Climate Change: The Heat‐Shock Response. Physiol Biochem Zool 2008; 81:709-17. [DOI: 10.1086/590163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Petes LE, Mouchka ME, Milston-Clements RH, Momoda TS, Menge BA. Effects of environmental stress on intertidal mussels and their sea star predators. Oecologia 2008; 156:671-80. [PMID: 18347815 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-008-1018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Consumer stress models of ecological theory predict that predators are more susceptible to stress than their prey. Intertidal mussels, Mytilus californianus, span a vertical stress gradient from the low zone (lower stress) to the high zone (higher thermal and desiccation stress), while their sea star predators, Pisaster ochraceus, range from the low zone only into the lower edge of the mussel zone. In summer 2003, we tested the responses of sea stars and mussels to environmental stress in an experiment conducted on the Oregon coast. Mussels were transplanted from the middle of the mussel bed to cages in the low and high edges of the mussel bed. Sea star predators were added to half of the mussel cages. Mussels and sea stars were sampled between June and August for indicators of sublethal stress. Mussel growth was measured, and tissues were collected for heat shock protein (Hsp70) analyses and histological analyses of reproduction. Sea stars were weighed, and tissues were sampled for Hsp70 analyses. Mussels in high-edge cages had higher levels of total Hsp70 and exhibited spawning activity earlier in the summer than mussels in the low-edge cages. Sea stars suffered high mortality in the high edge, and low-edge sea stars lost weight but showed no differences in Hsp70 production. These results suggest that stress in the intertidal zone affected the mobile predator more than its sessile prey, which is consistent with predictions of consumer stress models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Petes
- Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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Clark MS, Geissler P, Waller C, Fraser KPP, Barnes DKA, Peck LS. Low heat-shock thresholds in wild Antarctic inter-tidal limpets (Nacella concinna). Cell Stress Chaperones 2008; 13:51-8. [PMID: 18347941 PMCID: PMC2666219 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 08/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of genes classically used to measure levels of organism stress. We have previously identified two HSP70 genes (HSP70A and HSP70B) in sub-tidal populations of the Antarctic limpet (Nacella concinna). These genes are up-regulated in response to increased seawater temperatures of 15 degrees C or more during acute heat shock experiments, temperatures that have very little basis when considering the current Antarctic ecology of these animals. Therefore, the question was posed as to whether these animals could express HSP70 genes when subjected to more complex environmental conditions, such as those that occur in the inter-tidal. Inter-tidal limpets were collected on three occasions in different weather conditions at South Cove, Rothera Point, over a complete tidal cycle, and the expression levels of the HSP70 genes were measured. Both genes showed relative up-regulation of gene expression over the period of the tidal cycle. The average foot temperature of these animals was 3.3 degrees C, far below that of the acute heat shock experiments. These experiments demonstrate that the temperature and expression levels of HSP production in wild animals cannot be accurately extrapolated from experimentally induced treatments, especially when considering the complexity of stressors in the natural environment. However, experimental manipulation can provide molecular markers for identifying stress in Antarctic molluscs, provided it is accompanied by environmental validation, as demonstrated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, UK.
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Choresh O, Azem A, Loya Y. Over-expression of highly conserved mitochondrial 70-kDa heat-shock protein in the sea anemone Anemonia viridis. J Therm Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Berger MS, Emlet RB. Heat-shock response of the upper intertidal barnacle Balanus glandula: thermal stress and acclimation. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2007; 212:232-41. [PMID: 17565112 DOI: 10.2307/25066605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In the intertidal zone in the Pacific Northwest, body temperatures of sessile marine organisms can reach 35 degrees C for an extended time during low tide, resulting in potential physiological stress. We used immunochemical assays to examine the effects of thermal stress on endogenous Hsp70 levels in the intertidal barnacle Balanus glandula. After thermal stress, endogenous Hsp70 levels did not increase above control levels in B. glandula exposed to 20 and 28 degrees C. In a separate experiment, endogenous Hsp70 levels were higher than control levels when B. glandula was exposed to 34 degrees C for 8.5 h. Although an induced heat-shock response was observed, levels of conjugated ubiquitin failed to indicate irreversible protein damage at temperatures up to 34 degrees C. With metabolic labeling, we examined temperature acclimation and thermally induced heat-shock proteins in B. glandula. An induced heat-shock response of proteins in the 70-kDa region (Hsp70) occurred in B. glandula above 23 degrees C. This heat-shock response was similar in molting and non-molting barnacles. Acclimation of B. glandula to relatively higher temperatures resulted in higher levels of protein synthesis in the 70-kDa region and lack of an upward shift in the induction temperature for heat-shock proteins. Our results suggest that B. glandula may be well adapted to life in the high intertidal zone but may lack the plasticity to acclimate to higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Berger
- Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420, USA.
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Helmuth B, Broitman BR, Blanchette CA, Gilman S, Halpin P, Harley CDG, O'Donnell MJ, Hofmann GE, Menge B, Strickland D. MOSAIC PATTERNS OF THERMAL STRESS IN THE ROCKY INTERTIDAL ZONE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE. ECOL MONOGR 2006. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0461:mpotsi]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Helmuth B, Kingsolver JG, Carrington E. BIOPHYSICS, PHYSIOLOGICAL ECOLOGY, AND CLIMATE CHANGE: Does Mechanism Matter? Annu Rev Physiol 2005; 67:177-201. [PMID: 15709956 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.040403.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent meta-analyses have shown that the effects of climate change are detectable and significant in their magnitude, but these studies have emphasized the utility of looking for large-scale patterns without necessarily understanding the mechanisms underlying these changes. Using a series of case studies, we explore the potential pitfalls when one fails to incorporate aspects of physiological performance when predicting the consequences of climate change on biotic communities. We argue that by considering the mechanistic details of physiological performance within the context of biophysical ecology (engineering methods of heat, mass and momentum exchange applied to biological systems), such approaches will be better poised to predict where and when the impacts of climate change will most likely occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Helmuth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA.
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