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Hmiel L, Zhang S, Obare LM, Santana MADO, Wanjalla CN, Titanji BK, Hileman CO, Bagchi S. Inflammatory and Immune Mechanisms for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7266. [PMID: 39000373 PMCID: PMC11242562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease disproportionately affects persons living with HIV (PLWH) compared to those without. The reasons for the excess risk include dysregulated immune response and inflammation related to HIV infection itself, comorbid conditions, and co-infections. Here, we review an updated understanding of immune and inflammatory pathways underlying atherosclerosis in PLWH, including effects of viral products, soluble mediators and chemokines, innate and adaptive immune cells, and important co-infections. We also present potential therapeutic targets which may reduce cardiovascular risk in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hmiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Suyu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Laventa M. Obare
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Boghuma K. Titanji
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Corrilynn O. Hileman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, MetroHealth Medical Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Shashwatee Bagchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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2
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Alexandrova Y, Yero A, Olivenstein R, Orlova M, Schurr E, Estaquier J, Costiniuk CT, Jenabian MA. Dynamics of pulmonary mucosal cytotoxic CD8 T-cells in people living with HIV under suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Respir Res 2024; 25:240. [PMID: 38867225 PMCID: PMC11170847 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), people living with HIV (PLWH) suffer from a high burden of pulmonary diseases, even after accounting for their smoking status. Cytotoxic CD8 T-cells are likely implicated in this phenomenon and may act as a double-edged sword. While being essential in viral infection control, their hyperactivation can also contribute to lung mucosal tissue damage. The effects of HIV and smoking on pulmonary mucosal CD8 T-cell dynamics has been a neglected area of research, which we address herein. METHODS Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were obtained from ART-treated PLWH (median duration of supressed viral load: 9 years; smokers: n = 14; non-smokers: n = 21) and HIV-uninfected controls (smokers: n = 11; non-smokers: n = 20) without any respiratory symptoms or active infection. Lymphocytes were isolated and CD8 T-cell subsets and homing markers were characterized by multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS Both smoking and HIV infection were independently associated with a significant increase in frequencies of total pulmonary mucosal CD8 T-cell. BAL CD8 T-cells were primarily CD69 + expressing CD103 and/or CD49a, at least one of the two granzymes (GzmA/GzmB), and little Perforin. Higher expression levels of CD103, CD69, and GzmB were observed in smokers versus non-smokers. The ex vivo phenotype of GzmA + and GzmB + cells revealed increased expression of CD103 and CXCR6 in smokers, while PLWH displayed elevated levels of CX3CR1 compared to controls. CONCLUSION Smoking and HIV could promote cytotoxic CD8 T-cell retention in small airways through different mechanisms. Smoking likely increases recruitment and retention of GzmB + CD8 Trm via CXCR6 and CD103. Heightened CX3CR1 expression could be associated with CD8 non-Trm recruitment from the periphery in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Alexandrova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141, Avenue President Kennedy, Montreal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Yero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141, Avenue President Kennedy, Montreal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Ronald Olivenstein
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Departments of Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jerome Estaquier
- Centre de recherche de CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Cecilia T Costiniuk
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), 141, Avenue President Kennedy, Montreal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada.
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Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhuang R, Yang K, Chen L, Jin B, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Tang K. Alterations in CX3CL1 Levels and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4451. [PMID: 38674036 PMCID: PMC11050295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CX3CL1, also named fractalkine or neurotactin, is the only known member of the CX3C chemokine family that can chemoattract several immune cells. CX3CL1 exists in both membrane-anchored and soluble forms, with each mediating distinct biological activities. CX3CL1 signals are transmitted through its unique receptor, CX3CR1, primarily expressed in the microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). In the CNS, CX3CL1 acts as a regulator of microglia activation in response to brain disorders or inflammation. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the role of CX3CL1 in regulating cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and host immune response in viral infection. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the changes and function of CX3CL1 in various viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, to highlight the emerging roles of CX3CL1 in viral infection and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kang Tang
- Department of Immunology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (C.Z.); (Y.Z.); (R.Z.); (K.Y.); (L.C.); (B.J.); (Y.M.)
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4
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Tran KA, Pernet E, Sadeghi M, Downey J, Chronopoulos J, Lapshina E, Tsai O, Kaufmann E, Ding J, Divangahi M. BCG immunization induces CX3CR1 hi effector memory T cells to provide cross-protection via IFN-γ-mediated trained immunity. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:418-431. [PMID: 38225437 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
After a century of using the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, our understanding of its ability to provide protection against homologous (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) or heterologous (for example, influenza virus) infections remains limited. Here we show that systemic (intravenous) BCG vaccination provides significant protection against subsequent influenza A virus infection in mice. We further demonstrate that the BCG-mediated cross-protection against influenza A virus is largely due to the enrichment of conventional CD4+ effector CX3CR1hi memory αβ T cells in the circulation and lung parenchyma. Importantly, pulmonary CX3CR1hi T cells limit early viral infection in an antigen-independent manner via potent interferon-γ production, which subsequently enhances long-term antimicrobial activity of alveolar macrophages. These results offer insight into the unknown mechanism by which BCG has persistently displayed broad protection against non-tuberculosis infections via cross-talk between adaptive and innate memory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Tran
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erwan Pernet
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medical Biology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mina Sadeghi
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Downey
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julia Chronopoulos
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Lapshina
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oscar Tsai
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eva Kaufmann
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill International TB Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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5
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Zhong T, Li X, Lei K, Tang R, Zhou Z, Zhao B, Li X. CXCL12-CXCR4 mediates CD57 + CD8 + T cell responses in the progression of type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2024; 143:103171. [PMID: 38306953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
CD57+ CD8+ T cells, also referred as effector memory cells, are implicated in various conditions including tumor immunity, virus immunity, and most recently with autoimmunity. However, their roles in the progression and remission of T1D are still unclear. Here, we noted an increase in peripheral CD57+ CD8+ T cells in a T1D patient harboring an activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mutation. Our in-depth study on the role of CD57+ CD8+ T cells within a T1D patient cohort revealed that these cells undergo significant compositional shifts during the disease's progression. Longitudinal cohort data suggested that CD57+ CD8+ T cell prevalence may be a harbinger of β-cell function decline in T1D patients. Characterized by robust cytotoxic activity, heightened production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased intracellular glucose uptake, these cells may be key players in the pathophysiology of T1D. Moreover, in vitro assays showed that the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis promotes the expansion and function of CD57+ CD8+ T cells via Erk1/2 signaling. Notably, the changes of serum CXCL12 concentrations were also found in individuals during the peri-remission phase of T1D. Furthermore, treatment with the CXCR4 antagonist LY2510924 reduced the immunological infiltration of CD57+ CD8+ T cells and mitigated hyperglycemia in a STZ-induced T1D mouse model. Taken together, our work has uncovered a novel role of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in driving CD57+ CD8+ T cells responses in T1D, and presented a promising therapeutic strategy for delaying the onset and progression of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhong
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kang Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Furong Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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6
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Li S, Lu Z, Wu S, Chu T, Li B, Qi F, Zhao Y, Nie G. The dynamic role of platelets in cancer progression and their therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:72-87. [PMID: 38040850 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Systemic antiplatelet treatment represents a promising option to improve the therapeutic outcomes and therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy due to the critical contribution of platelets to tumour progression. However, until recently, targeting platelets as a cancer therapeutic has been hampered by the elevated risk of haemorrhagic and thrombocytopenic (low platelet count) complications owing to the lack of specificity for tumour-associated platelets. Recent work has advanced our understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the contribution of platelets to tumour progression and metastasis. This has led to the identification of the biological changes in platelets in the presence of tumours, the complex interactions between platelets and tumour cells during tumour progression, and the effects of platelets on antitumour therapeutic response. In this Review, we present a detailed picture of the dynamic roles of platelets in tumour development and progression as well as their use in diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring response to therapy. We also provide our view on how to overcome challenges faced by the development of precise antiplatelet strategies for safe and efficient clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zefang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suying Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bozhao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Feilong Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Alles M, Gunasena M, Kettelhut A, Ailstock K, Musiime V, Kityo C, Richardson B, Mulhern W, Tamilselvan B, Rubsamen M, Kasturiratna D, Demberg T, Cameron CM, Cameron MJ, Dirajlal-Fargo S, Funderburg NT, Liyanage NPM. Activated NK Cells with Pro-inflammatory Features are Associated with Atherogenesis in Perinatally HIV-Acquired Adolescents. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.06.23297580. [PMID: 37986784 PMCID: PMC10659511 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.23297580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with persistent immune activation and dysfunction in people with HIV despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Modulation of the immune system may be driven by: low-level HIV replication, co-pathogens, gut dysbiosis /translocation, altered lipid profiles, and ART toxicities. In addition, perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) and lifelong ART may alter the development and function of the immune system. Our preliminary data and published literature suggest reprogramming innate immune cells may accelerate aging and increase the risk for future end-organ complications, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). The exact mechanisms, however, are currently unknown. Natural killer (NK) cells are a highly heterogeneous cell population with divergent functions. They play a critical role in HIV transmission and disease progression in adults. Recent studies suggest the important role of NK cells in CVDs; however, little is known about NK cells and their role in HIV-associated cardiovascular risk in PHIV adolescents. Here, we investigated NK cell subsets and their potential role in atherogenesis in PHIV adolescents compared to HIV-negative adolescents in Uganda. Our data suggest, for the first time, that activated NK subsets in PHIV adolescents may contribute to atherogenesis by promoting plasma oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) uptake by vascular macrophages.
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Singh TK, Zidar DA, McCrae K, Highland KB, Englund K, Cameron SJ, Chung MK. A Post-Pandemic Enigma: The Cardiovascular Impact of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. Circ Res 2023; 132:1358-1373. [PMID: 37167358 PMCID: PMC10171306 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has become the first modern-day pandemic of historic proportion, affecting >600 million individuals worldwide and causing >6.5 million deaths. While acute infection has had devastating consequences, postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be a pandemic of its own, impacting up to one-third of survivors and often causing symptoms suggestive of cardiovascular phenomena. This review will highlight the suspected pathophysiology of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2, its influence on the cardiovascular system, and potential treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna K Singh
- Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (TKS, MC, SJC)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, OH (T.K.S., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (T.K.S., D.A.Z., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
| | - David A Zidar
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (T.K.S., D.A.Z., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
- Louise Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland, OH (D.A.Z.)
| | - Keith McCrae
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (KM)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, OH (T.K.S., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (T.K.S., D.A.Z., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
| | - Kristin B Highland
- Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (KBH)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, OH (T.K.S., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (T.K.S., D.A.Z., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
| | - Kristin Englund
- Infectious Disease, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (KE)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, OH (T.K.S., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (T.K.S., D.A.Z., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
| | - Scott J Cameron
- Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (TKS, MC, SJC)
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, OH (T.K.S., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (T.K.S., D.A.Z., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
| | - Mina K Chung
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, OH (T.K.S., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH (T.K.S., D.A.Z., K.M., K.B.H., K.E., S.J.C., M.K.C.)
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9
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Fraser R, Orta-Resendiz A, Dockrell D, Müller-Trutwin M, Mazein A. Severe COVID-19 versus multisystem inflammatory syndrome: comparing two critical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:32/167/220197. [PMID: 36889788 PMCID: PMC10032586 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0197-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is associated with diverse host response immunodynamics and variable inflammatory manifestations. Several immune-modulating risk factors can contribute to a more severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) course with increased morbidity and mortality. The comparatively rare post-infectious multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) can develop in formerly healthy individuals, with accelerated progression to life-threatening illness. A common trajectory of immune dysregulation forms a continuum of the COVID-19 spectrum and MIS; however, severity of COVID-19 or the development of MIS is dependent on distinct aetiological factors that produce variable host inflammatory responses to infection with different spatiotemporal manifestations, a comprehensive understanding of which is necessary to set better targeted therapeutic and preventative strategies for both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupsha Fraser
- The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aurelio Orta-Resendiz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - David Dockrell
- The University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michaela Müller-Trutwin
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, HIV, Inflammation and Persistence Unit, Paris, France
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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10
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Li H, Guo J, Xu S, Xu J, Cai L, Liu B. The Proportion of Circulating CD45RO+CD8+ T Cells is Associated with the Coronary Slow Flow. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2023; 39:343-352. [PMID: 36911542 PMCID: PMC9999184 DOI: 10.6515/acs.202303_39(2).20221114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Circulating memory CD8+ T cells have been shown to be a crucial mediator of chronic inflammation. This study investigated whether the baseline proportion of circulating CD45RO+CD8+ T cells was associated with the coronary slow flow (CSF) phenomenon. Methods A total of 160 consecutive patients [mean (standard deviation (SD)) age, 67.86 (9.55) years; 51.25% male] who were admitted to our hospital between August 2020 and October 2020 for chest pain and underwent coronary angiography with the absence of coronary stenosis were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis. The patients' admission CD45RO+ CD8+ T cell plasma levels were measured using flow cytometry. Angiographic CSF was defined as thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow of ≤ 2 without coronary stenosis, and non-CSF was defined as coronary arteries (< 50% stenosis) with TIMI 3 flow. Results The incidence of angiographic CSF was 22.5%. Patients with angiographic CSF had higher levels of CD45RO+CD8+ T cells than those without CSF [56.18 (13.93) vs. 45.26 (16.45); p < 0.001]. After multivariable adjustment, the risk of incident CSF was 2.41 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46-3.97] per SD change in CD45RO+ CD8+ T cells. Further, coronary microvascular resistance was significantly higher in patients with CSF than in those without CSF. A positive linear relationship between CD45RO+CD8+ T cells and coronary microvascular resistance was observed. Conclusions The proportion of circulating CD45RO+CD8+ T cells is an independent indicator of CSF. This observation may provide insights into the pathophysiological mechanism of CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changzhi Medical College Affiliated Heji Hospital, Shangxi
| | - Junxia Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Henan
| | - Sudan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lidong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Shin MS, Park H, Salahuddin S, Montgomery RR, Emu B, Shaw AC, Kang I. Alterations in high-dimensional T-cell profile and gene signature of immune aging in HIV-infected older adults without viremia. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13702. [PMID: 36036630 PMCID: PMC9577958 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the components of the immune system occur with aging. The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved life expectancy in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals by suppressing viral replication and increasing CD4+ T-cell counts. Immunosenescence-like changes, including the expansion of memory CD8+ T cells with senescent features, are reported in young HIV-infected individuals who do not have clinically detectable viremia on ART. However, it is less known whether HIV infection affects the immunosenescent status in older HIV-infected individuals. Here, we addressed this question in older HIV-infected, HIV-uninfected, and frail individuals (all groups age ≥65 years) by examining a set of aging-associated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as by analyzing subsets of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in depth using high-dimensional CyTOF analysis. Older HIV-infected individuals had increased expression of aging-associated genes such as CX3CR1 in PBMCs which are related to IL-7 receptor low effector memory (IL-7Rαlow EM) CD8+ T cells, a cell population known to expand with age. The subsets of IL-7Rαlow EM CD8+ T cells expressing senescent, cytotoxic, and inflammatory molecules, including CD57, perforin, and CX3CR1, as well as memory CD4+ T cells expressing CD161 and CXCR3, molecules associated with replication-competent HIV-1 harboring cells, were increased in older HIV-infected individuals. Overall, older HIV-infected individuals without detectable viremia on ART had augmented levels of age-associated immune alterations in PBMCs, suggesting that HIV infection has a persistent impact on senescence in older HIV-infected individuals despite the clinically controlled viremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Hong‐Jai Park
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Syim Salahuddin
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Ruth R. Montgomery
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Brinda Emu
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Albert C. Shaw
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Insoo Kang
- Department of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
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12
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Rao J, Rao Y, Guo Y, Jiang M, Long D, Luo Q, Huang Z, Li J. Platelets correlate with false negative T-SPOT.TB results by inhibiting interferon-γ production in T cells via degranulation. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:937416. [PMID: 36093183 PMCID: PMC9449319 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.937416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundT-SPOT.TB (T-SPOT) is widely used for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by detecting interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release in T lymphocytes. This assay is performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) separated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, which often contain some residual platelets. Here, we investigated the impact of platelets on T-SPOT assay and related mechanisms.MethodsThe correlation between platelet count, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the IFN-γ secreting T cells (ISCs) in positive control wells of T-SPOT assay were retrospectively analyzed. T-SPOT assay was performed with un-treated PBMCs, platelets-removed PBMCs, and platelets-enriched PBMCs to confirm the impact of platelets on T-SPOT assay. The activation of platelets and their impact on IFN-γ production in T cells were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Platelets and T cells were cultured in a mixed culture system and co-culture system respectively, followed by detection of the frequencies of IFN-γ-producing T cells and the levels of intracellular IFN-γ in T cells by FCM. Moreover, the effect of platelet releasate on the T-SPOT assay was evaluated.ResultsThe ISCs in positive control wells of the T-SPOT assay showed a significant decrease with the increase in platelet count. The PLR of the peripheral blood were negatively correlated with the ISCs in positive control wells of the T-SPOT assay. Removal or enrichment of platelets significantly increased or decreased the ISCs and the positive rate of T-SPOT. Inhibition of platelet activation significantly increased the ISCs of T-SPOT. The frequencies of IFN-γ-producing T cells in PBMCs and the levels of intracellular IFN-γ were significantly reduced by the addition of platelets, both in the mixed culture system and the co-culture system. Platelet releasate upon thrombin activation significantly decreased the ISCs of T-SPOT.ConclusionsPlatelets correlate with negative T-SPOT results by inhibiting IFN-γ production in T cells via degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junming Li
- *Correspondence: Zikun Huang, ; Junming Li,
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13
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Khatib-Massalha E, Méndez-Ferrer S. Megakaryocyte Diversity in Ontogeny, Functions and Cell-Cell Interactions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840044. [PMID: 35186768 PMCID: PMC8854253 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rely on local interactions in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment with stromal cells and other hematopoietic cells that facilitate their survival and proliferation, and also regulate their functions. HSCs and multipotent progenitor cells differentiate into lineage-specific progenitors that generate all blood and immune cells. Megakaryocytes (Mks) are hematopoietic cells responsible for producing blood platelets, which are essential for normal hemostasis and blood coagulation. Although the most prominent function of Mks is platelet production (thrombopoiesis), other increasingly recognized functions include HSC maintenance and host immune response. However, whether and how these diverse programs are executed by different Mk subpopulations remains poorly understood. This Perspective summarizes our current understanding of diversity in ontogeny, functions and cell-cell interactions. Cumulative evidence suggests that BM microenvironment dysfunction, partly caused by mutated Mks, can induce or alter the progression of a variety of hematologic malignancies, including myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and other disorders associated with tissue scarring (fibrosis). Therefore, as an example of the heterogeneous functions of Mks in malignant hematopoiesis, we will discuss the role of Mks in the onset and progression of BM fibrosis. In this regard, abnormal interactions between of Mks and other immune cells might directly contribute to fibrotic diseases. Overall, further understanding of megakaryopoiesis and how Mks interact with HSCs and immune cells has potential clinical implications for stem cell transplantation and other therapies for hematologic malignancies, as well as for treatments to stimulate platelet production and prevent thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Khatib-Massalha
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simón Méndez-Ferrer
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Hematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-IBiS, Hospitales Universitarios Virgen del Rocío y Macarena/Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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14
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Dai XP, Wu FY, Cui C, Liao XJ, Jiao YM, Zhang C, Song JW, Fan X, Zhang JY, He Q, Wang FS. Increased Platelet-CD4+ T Cell Aggregates Are Correlated With HIV-1 Permissiveness and CD4+ T Cell Loss. Front Immunol 2021; 12:799124. [PMID: 34987521 PMCID: PMC8720770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 infection is associated with persistent inflammation, which contributes to disease progression. Platelet-T cell aggregates play a critical role in maintaining inflammation. However, the phenotypic characteristics and clinical significance of platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates remain unclear in different HIV-infected populations. In this study, we quantified and characterized platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates in the peripheral blood of treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected individuals (TNs), immunological responders to antiretroviral therapy (IRs), immunological non-responders to antiretroviral therapy (INRs), and healthy controls (HCs). Flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy showed increased platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate formation in TNs compared to HCs during HIV-1 infection. However, the frequencies of platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates decreased in IRs compared to TNs, but not in INRs, which have shown severe immunological dysfunction. Platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate frequencies were positively correlated with HIV-1 viral load but negatively correlated with CD4+ T cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios. Furthermore, we observed a higher expression of CD45RO, HIV co-receptors, HIV activation/exhaustion markers in platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates, which was associated with HIV-1 permissiveness. High levels of caspase-1 and caspase-3, and low levels of Bcl-2 in platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates imply the potential role in CD4+ T cell loss during HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregates contained more HIV-1 gag viral protein and HIV-1 DNA than their platelet-free CD4+ T cell counterparts. The platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate levels were positively correlated with plasma sCD163 and sCD14 levels. Our findings demonstrate that platelet-CD4+ T cell aggregate formation has typical characteristics of HIV-1 permissiveness and is related to immune activation during HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Dai
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, China
- Noncommissioned Officer School, Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng-Ying Wu
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Cui
- Noncommissioned Officer School, Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Liao
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan-Mei Jiao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Wen Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fu-Sheng Wang, ; Ji-Yuan Zhang, ; Qing He,
| | - Qing He
- The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Fu-Sheng Wang, ; Ji-Yuan Zhang, ; Qing He,
| | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Medical School of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA), Beijing, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Centre of Chinese People’s Liberation Army of China (PLA) General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Fu-Sheng Wang, ; Ji-Yuan Zhang, ; Qing He,
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a novel syndrome that has appeared in the wake of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 pandemic, with features that overlap with Kawasaki disease (KD). As a result, new interest and focus have arisen in KD, and specifically mechanisms of the disease. RECENT FINDINGS A major question in the literature on the nature of MIS-C is if, and how, it may be related to KD. This has been explored using component analysis type studies, as well as other unsupervised analysis, as well as direct comparisons. At present, the answer to this question remains opaque, and several studies have interpreted their findings in opposing ways. Studies seem to suggest some relationship, but that MIS-C and KD are not the same syndrome. SUMMARY Study of MIS-C strengthens the likelihood that KD is a postinfectious immune response, and that perhaps multiple infectious agents or viruses underlie the disease. MIS-C and KD, while not the same disease, could plausibly be sibling disorders that fall under a larger syndrome of postacute autoimmune febrile responses to infection, along with Kawasaki shock syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gorelik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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16
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Chen H, Smith M, Herz J, Li T, Hasley R, Le Saout C, Zhu Z, Cheng J, Gronda A, Martina JA, Irusta PM, Karpova T, McGavern DB, Catalfamo M. The role of protease-activated receptor 1 signaling in CD8 T cell effector functions. iScience 2021; 24:103387. [PMID: 34841225 PMCID: PMC8605340 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells are essential for adaptive immunity against viral infections. Protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is expressed by CD8 T cells; however, its role in T cell effector function is not well defined. Here we show that in human CD8 T cells, PAR1 stimulation accelerates calcium mobilization. Furthermore, PAR1 is involved in cytotoxic T cell function by facilitating granule trafficking via actin polymerization and repositioning of the microtubule organizing center (MTOC) toward the immunological synapse. In vivo, PAR1-/- mice have reduced cytokine-producing T cells in response to a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection and fail to efficiently control the virus. Specific deletion of PAR1 in LCMV GP33-specific CD8 T cells results in reduced expansion and diminished effector function. These data demonstrate that PAR1 plays a role in T cell activation and function, and this pathway could represent a new therapeutic strategy to modulate CD8 T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mindy Smith
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jasmin Herz
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rebecca Hasley
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cecile Le Saout
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ziang Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andres Gronda
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - José A. Martina
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pablo M. Irusta
- Department of Human Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tatiana Karpova
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Dorian B. McGavern
- Viral Immunology and Intravital Imaging Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
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17
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Olivo A, Lécuroux C, Bitu M, Avettand-Fenoel V, Boufassa F, Essat A, Meyer L, Doisne JM, Favier B, Vaslin B, Schlecht-Louf G, Noël N, Goujard C, Lambotte O, Bourgeois C. CXCR3 and CXCR5 are highly expressed in HIV-1-specific CD8 central memory T cells from infected patients. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2040-2050. [PMID: 33963550 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
New ways of characterizing CD8+ memory T cell responses in chronic infections are based on the measurement of chemokine receptor expression (CXCR3, CXCR5, and CX3CR1). We applied these novel phenotyping strategies to chronic HIV infection by comparing healthy donors (HDs), HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), and spontaneous HIV controllers (HICs). In all groups, the memory cells exhibited high proportion of CXCR3+ cells. Proportions of CXCR5+ and CX3CR1+ cells were preferentially observed among central memory cells (Tcm) and effector memory cells (Tem) respectively. Chronic controlled HIV infection impacted the chemokine receptor profile of both HIV-specific and nonspecific CD8+ T cells. In total CD8+ T cells, the proportions of CXCR3- CXCR5- CX3CR1- Tcm and Tem were lower in HIV-infected patients than in HDs with subtle differences between ART and HICs. Such phenotyping strategy also revealed differences in exhaustion and senescence phenotypes, the CXCR3+ CXCR5+ CX3CR1- being more exhausted and senescent than the CXCR3+ CXCR5- CX3CR1- Tcm fraction. Among HIV-specific CD8+ T cells, the vast majority of Tcm cells were CXCR3+ and CXCR5+ cells in contrast with their nonspecific counterparts. In conclusion, the addition of migration markers contributes to better characterize Tcm/Tem compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Olivo
- CEA-Université Paris-Saclay-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Camille Lécuroux
- CEA-Université Paris-Saclay-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Marie Bitu
- CEA-Université Paris-Saclay-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Avettand-Fenoel
- AP-HP, Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France.,INSERM U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Faroudy Boufassa
- INSERM CESP U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Asma Essat
- INSERM CESP U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM CESP U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- INSERM U1223, Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Favier
- CEA-Université Paris-Saclay-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Vaslin
- CEA-Université Paris-Saclay-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Géraldine Schlecht-Louf
- Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, 92140, Clamart, France
| | - Nicolas Noël
- CEA-Université Paris-Saclay-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Goujard
- INSERM CESP U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- CEA-Université Paris-Saclay-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Service de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Christine Bourgeois
- CEA-Université Paris-Saclay-INSERM U1184, Immunology of Viral Infections, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases, (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
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18
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Zhu Z, Li T, Chen J, Kumar J, Kumar P, Qin J, Hadigan C, Sereti I, Baker JV, Catalfamo M. The Role of Inflammation and Immune Activation on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Chronic HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663412. [PMID: 34079548 PMCID: PMC8165313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial inflammation and damage are the main drivers of cardiovascular risk/disease. Endothelial repair is mediated in part by recruitment of bone marrow endothelial progenitor/endothelial colony forming cells (EPC/ECFC). People with HIV (PWH) have increased cardiovascular risk and the impact of infection in endothelial repair is not well defined. The low frequencies and challenges to in vitro isolation and differentiation of EPC/ECFC from PBMCs had made it difficult to study their role in this context. We hypothesized that HIV driven inflammation induces phenotypic changes that reflects the impact of infection. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated expression of markers of trafficking, endothelial differentiation, and angiogenesis, and study their association with biomarkers of inflammation in a cohort of PWH. In addition, we investigated the relationship of circulating endothelial progenitors and angiogenic T cells, a T cell subset with angiogenic function. Using a flow cytometry approach, we identified two subsets of circulating progenitors LIN4-CD45-CD34+ and LIN4-CD45dimCD34+ in PWH. We found that the phenotype but not frequencies were associated with biomarkers of inflammation. In addition, the percentage of LIN4-CD45dimCD34+ was associated with serum levels of lipids. This data may provide a new tool to better address the impact of HIV infection in endothelial inflammation and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tong Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jinya Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jai Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jing Qin
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research (DCR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Colleen Hadigan
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jason V Baker
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Marta Catalfamo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology. Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
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19
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Jiang XY, Zhou WH. [Influence of coronavirus disease 2019 on the nervous system of children]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2021; 23:530-535. [PMID: 34020746 PMCID: PMC8140346 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2012115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic and can occur at any age, including children. Children with COVID-19 can develop the clinical symptoms of multiple systems, among which symptoms of the nervous system have been reported increasingly, and thus it is particularly important to understand COVID-19-associated neurological damage in children. This article reviews the mechanisms and types of COVID-19-associated neurological damage in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Jiang
- Department of Neonatology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
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20
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Zamora C, Cantó E, Vidal S. The Dual Role of Platelets in the Cardiovascular Risk of Chronic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:625181. [PMID: 33868242 PMCID: PMC8046936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.625181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases often exhibit cardiovascular risk. This risk is associated with the systemic inflammation that persists in these patients, causing a sustained endothelial activation. Different mechanisms have been considered responsible for this systemic inflammation, among which activated platelets have been regarded as a major player. However, in recent years, the role of platelets has become controversial. Not only can this subcellular component release pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, but it can also bind to different subsets of circulating lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils modulating their function in either direction. How platelets exert this dual role is not yet fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Zamora
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cantó
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Vidal
- Inflammatory Diseases, Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Systemic inflammation increases as a consequence of aging (inflammaging) and contributes to age-related morbidities. Inflammation in people living with HIV is elevated compared with the general population even after prolonged suppression of viremia with anti-retroviral therapy. Mechanisms that contribute to inflammation during aging and in treated HIV disease are potentially interactive, leading to an exaggerated inflammatory phenotype in people with HIV. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies highlight roles for anti-retroviral therapy, co-infections, immune system alterations, and microbiome perturbations as important contributors to HIV-associated inflammation. These factors likely contribute to increased risk of age-related morbidities in people living with HIV. Understanding mechanisms that exaggerate the inflammaging process in people with HIV may lead to improved intervention strategies, ultimately, extending both lifespan and healthspan.
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22
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Vella LA, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Diorio C, Kuri-Cervantes L, Alanio C, Pampena MB, Wu JE, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Anderson EM, Gouma S, McNerney KO, Chase J, Burudpakdee C, Lee JH, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Mathew D, Kuthuru O, Goodwin EC, Weirick ME, Bolton MJ, Arevalo CP, Ramos A, Jasen CJ, Conrey PE, Sayed S, Giannini HM, D'Andrea K, Meyer NJ, Behrens EM, Bassiri H, Hensley SE, Henrickson SE, Teachey DT, Betts MR, Wherry EJ. Deep immune profiling of MIS-C demonstrates marked but transient immune activation compared to adult and pediatric COVID-19. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabf7570. [PMID: 33653907 PMCID: PMC8128303 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abf7570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with fewer hospitalizations and often milder disease than in adults. A subset of children, however, present with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) that can lead to vascular complications and shock, but rarely death. The immune features of MIS-C compared to pediatric COVID-19 or adult disease remain poorly understood. We analyzed peripheral blood immune responses in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients (pediatric COVID-19) and patients with MIS-C. MIS-C patients had patterns of T cell-biased lymphopenia and T cell activation similar to severely ill adults, and all patients with MIS-C had SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies at admission. A distinct feature of MIS-C patients was robust activation of vascular patrolling CX3CR1+ CD8+ T cells that correlated with the use of vasoactive medication. Finally, whereas pediatric COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had sustained immune activation, MIS-C patients displayed clinical improvement over time, concomitant with decreasing immune activation. Thus, non-MIS-C versus MIS-C SARS-CoV-2 associated illnesses are characterized by divergent immune signatures that are temporally distinct from one another and implicate CD8+ T cells in the clinical presentation and trajectory of MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Vella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Josephine R Giles
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Derek A Oldridge
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Caroline Diorio
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cécile Alanio
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - M Betina Pampena
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Anderson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sigrid Gouma
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin O McNerney
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julie Chase
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chakkapong Burudpakdee
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jessica H Lee
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sokratis A Apostolidis
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Oliva Kuthuru
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Eileen C Goodwin
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Madison E Weirick
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Marcus J Bolton
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Claudia P Arevalo
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andre Ramos
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - C J Jasen
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | - Peyton E Conrey
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | - Samir Sayed
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | - Heather M Giannini
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kurt D'Andrea
- Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hamid Bassiri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Scott E Hensley
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah E Henrickson
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA,19104, USA
| | - David T Teachey
- Immune Dysregulation Frontier Program, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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23
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Cornwell A, Palli R, Singh MV, Benoodt L, Tyrell A, Abe JI, Schifitto G, Maggirwar SB, Thakar J. Molecular characterization of atherosclerosis in HIV positive persons. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3232. [PMID: 33547350 PMCID: PMC7865026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with HIV are at higher risk of atherosclerosis (AS). The pathogenesis of this risk is not fully understood. To assess the regulatory networks involved in AS we sequenced mRNA of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and measured cytokine and chemokine levels in the plasma of 13 persons living with HIV and 12 matched HIV-negative persons with and without AS. microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a role in HIV infection and may modulate gene regulation to drive AS. Hence, we further assessed miRNA expression in PBMCs of a subset of 12 HIV+ people with and without atherosclerosis. We identified 12 miRNAs differentially expressed between HIV+ AS+ and HIV+ , and validated 5 of those by RT-qPCR. While a few of these miRNAs have been implicated in HIV and atherosclerosis, others are novel. Integrating miRNA measurements with mRNA, we identified 27 target genes including SLC4A7, a critical sodium and bicarbonate transporter, that are potentially dysregulated during atherosclerosis. Additionally, we uncovered that levels of plasma cytokines were associated with transcription factor activity and miRNA expression in PBMCs. For example, BACH2 activity was associated with IL-1β, IL-15, and MIP-1α. IP10 and TNFα levels were associated with miR-124-3p. Finally, integration of all data types into a single network revealed increased importance of miRNAs in network regulation of the HIV+ group in contrast with increased importance of cytokines in the HIV+ AS+ group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Cornwell
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Rohith Palli
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology PhD Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Meera V Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Benoodt
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology PhD Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alicia Tyrell
- Department of Neurology, General Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology-Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Texas A&M Health Science Center Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giovanni Schifitto
- Department of Neurology, General Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sanjay B Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, George Washing University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Avenue, , Box 672, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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24
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Polasky C, Wendt F, Pries R, Wollenberg B. Platelet Induced Functional Alteration of CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells in HNSCC. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207507. [PMID: 33053760 PMCID: PMC7588893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets (PLT) are the second most abundant cell type in human blood and exert various immune-regulatory functions under both physiological and pathological conditions. In fact, immune cell regulation via platelets has been demonstrated in several studies within the past decade. However, the exact mechanisms behind T cell regulation remain poorly understood. We questioned whether the formation of aggregates of platelets and T cells has an impact on T-cell functions. In the present study, we stimulated PBMC cultures with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mABs and cultured them at a PLT: PBMC ratio of 1:1 or 100:1. After 24, 48, and 72 h, PD-1, PD-L1 expression, and proliferation were analyzed on T cells using flow cytometry. Cytokine production was measured in PHA stimulated CD4 cells after 6 h. We found a significant platelet-mediated decrease in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, proliferation, as well as IFN-γ and TNF-α production. Perturbations also at least partially remained after spatial separation of PLTs from PBMCs in Transwell-assays. T cell-platelet aggregates showed similar levels of activation markers, proliferation, and secreted cytokines as their non-complexed counterparts. Results indicate a platelet mediated regulation of T cells via direct and indirect contact, but only mediocre effects of the complex formation itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Polasky
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (F.W.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-500-42129
| | - Franziska Wendt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (F.W.); (R.P.)
| | - Ralph Pries
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (F.W.); (R.P.)
| | - Barbara Wollenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital MRI, Technical University, 81675 München, Germany;
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25
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Vella L, Giles JR, Baxter AE, Oldridge DA, Diorio C, Kuri-Cervantes L, Alanio C, Pampena MB, Wu JE, Chen Z, Huang YJ, Anderson EM, Gouma S, McNerney KO, Chase J, Burudpakdee C, Lee JH, Apostolidis SA, Huang AC, Mathew D, Kuthuru O, Goodwin EC, Weirick ME, Bolton MJ, Arevalo CP, Ramos A, Jasen C, Giannini HM, DAndrea K, Meyer NJ, Behrens EM, Bassiri H, Hensley SE, Henrickson SE, Teachey DT, Betts MR, Wherry EJ. Deep Immune Profiling of MIS-C demonstrates marked but transient immune activation compared to adult and pediatric COVID-19. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020. [PMID: 32995826 DOI: 10.1101/2020.09.25.20201863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with fewer hospitalizations and often milder disease than in adults. A subset of children, however, present with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) that can lead to vascular complications and shock, but rarely death. The immune features of MIS-C compared to pediatric COVID-19 or adult disease remain poorly understood. We analyzed peripheral blood immune responses in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients (pediatric COVID-19) and patients with MIS-C. MIS-C patients had patterns of T cell-biased lymphopenia and T cell activation similar to severely ill adults, and all patients with MIS-C had SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific antibodies at admission. A distinct feature of MIS-C patients was robust activation of vascular patrolling CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells that correlated with use of vasoactive medication. Finally, whereas pediatric COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) had sustained immune activation, MIS-C patients displayed clinical improvement over time, concomitant with decreasing immune activation. Thus, non-MIS-C versus MIS-C SARS-CoV-2 associated illnesses are characterized by divergent immune signatures that are temporally distinct and implicate CD8 T cells in clinical presentation and trajectory of MIS-C.
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26
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Vasilieva E, Gianella S, Freeman ML. Novel Strategies to Combat CMV-Related Cardiovascular Disease. Pathog Immun 2020; 5:240-274. [PMID: 33089035 PMCID: PMC7556413 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v5i1.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a ubiquitous human pathogen that is never cleared from the host, has long been thought to be relatively innocuous in immunocompetent adults, but causes severe complications including blindness, end-organ disease, and death in newborns and in immuno-compromised individuals, such as organ transplant recipients and those suffering from AIDS. Yet even in persons with intact immunity, CMV infection is associated with profound stimulation of immune and inflammatory pathways. Carriers of CMV infection also have an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular complications. In this review, we define the proposed mechanisms of how CMV contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), describe current approaches to target CMV, and discuss how these strategies may or may not alleviate cardiovascular complications in those with CMV infection. In addition, we discuss the special situation of CMV coinfection in people with HIV infection receiving antiretroviral therapy, and describe how these 2 viral infections may interact to potentiate CVD in this especially vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Sara Gianella
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine; Department of Medicine; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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27
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Panigrahi S, Chen B, Fang M, Potashnikova D, Komissarov AA, Lebedeva A, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Morris SR, Sieg SF, Paiardini M, Villinger FJ, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Cameron MJ, Cameron CM, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Younes SA, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. CX3CL1 and IL-15 Promote CD8 T cell chemoattraction in HIV and in atherosclerosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008885. [PMID: 32976527 PMCID: PMC7540902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains an important cause of morbidity in the general population and risk for ASCVD is increased approximately 2-fold in persons living with HIV infection (PLWH). This risk is linked to elevated CD8 T cell counts that are abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and have been implicated in disease pathogenesis yet the mechanisms driving T cell recruitment to and activation within plaques are poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of CD8 T cells in atherosclerosis in a non-human primate model of HIV infection and in the HIV-uninfected elderly; we sought to identify factors that promote the activation, function, and recruitment to endothelium of CX3CR1+ CD8 T cells. We measured elevated expression of CX3CL1 and IL-15, and increased CD8 T cell numbers in the aortas of rhesus macaques infected with SIV or SHIV, and demonstrated similar findings in atherosclerotic vessels of HIV-uninfected humans. We found that recombinant TNF enhanced the production and release of CX3CL1 and bioactive IL-15 from aortic endothelial cells, but not from aortic smooth muscle cells. IL-15 in turn promoted CX3CR1 surface expression on and TNF synthesis by CD8 T cells, and IL-15-treated CD8 T cells exhibited enhanced CX3CL1-dependent chemoattraction toward endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, we show that CD8 T cells in human atherosclerotic plaques have an activated, resident phenotype consistent with in vivo IL-15 and CX3CL1 exposure. In this report, we define a novel model of CD8 T cell involvement in atherosclerosis whereby CX3CL1 and IL-15 operate in tandem within the vascular endothelium to promote infiltration by activated CX3CR1+ memory CD8 T cells that drive further endothelial activation via TNF. We propose that these interactions are prevalent in aging and in PLWH, populations where circulating activated CX3CR1+ CD8 T cell numbers are often expanded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mike Fang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gillian M. Michaelson
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Wyrick
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Stephen R. Morris
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mirko Paiardini
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Francois J. Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, New Iberia, LA, United States of America
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Vikram S. Kashyap
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - David A. Zidar
- Cleveland Louis Stokes Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Harrington Heart & Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine/University Hospitals, Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
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28
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Marcoux G, Laroche A, Espinoza Romero J, Boilard E. Role of platelets and megakaryocytes in adaptive immunity. Platelets 2020; 32:340-351. [PMID: 32597341 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2020.1786043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is comprised of two principal interconnected components called innate and adaptive immunity. While the innate immune system mounts a nonspecific response that provides protection against the spread of foreign pathogens, the adaptive immune system has developed to specifically recognize a given pathogen and lead to immunological memory. Platelets are small fragments produced from megakaryocytes in bone marrow and lungs. They circulate throughout the blood to monitor the integrity of the vasculature and to prevent bleeding. Given their large repertoire of immune receptors and inflammatory molecules, platelets and megakaryocytes can contribute to both innate and adaptive immunity. In adaptive immunity, platelets and megakaryocytes can process and present antigens to lymphocytes. Moreover, platelets, via FcγRIIA, rapidly respond to pathogens in an immune host when antibodies are present. This manuscript reviews the reported contributions of platelets and megakaryocytes with emphasis on antigen presentation and antibody response in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Marcoux
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie and Centre ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Audrée Laroche
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie and Centre ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jenifer Espinoza Romero
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie and Centre ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- Axe Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Microbiologie-infectiologie et D'immunologie and Centre ARThrite, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
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29
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Guo N, Chen Y, Su B, Yang X, Zhang Q, Song T, Wu H, Liu C, Liu L, Zhang T. Alterations of CCR2 and CX3CR1 on Three Monocyte Subsets During HIV-1/ Treponema pallidum Coinfection. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:272. [PMID: 32626718 PMCID: PMC7314900 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1/Treponema pallidum (T. pallidum) coinfection has become a global challenge, and three monocyte subsets express varying levels of the chemokine receptors CCR2 and CX3CR1. We recently evaluated the association between monocyte subsets and regulatory T cells in HIV-infected individuals with syphilis. Currently, the dynamic changes of CCR2 and CX3CR1 on monocyte subsets during HIV-1 and syphilis coinfection have not been fully investigated. In this study, cell surface staining was used to explore CCR2 and CX3CR1 expression on three monocyte subsets during HIV-1/T. pallidum coinfection. We found that CCR2 densities on the classical monocyte subsets decreased in acute HIV-1 infected (AHI) patients, chronic HIV-1-infected individuals without antiviral therapy (ART) (CHI+ ART–), chronic HIV-1-infected individuals receiving ART (CHI+ART+), rapid plasma reagin-positive (RPR+) individuals, CHI+ ART– plus RPR+ (CHI+RPR+ ART–) individuals, and CHI+ART+ plus RPR+ (CHI+RPR+ART+) individuals. CX3CR1 density increased on the three monocyte subsets during HIV-1 and/or T. pallidum infection. CX3CR1 density on the intermediate and non-classical monocyte subsets in CHI+ ART– individuals was lower than that in CHI+ART+ individuals, and CX3CR1 density on the three monocyte subsets in CHI+ART+ individuals was higher than that in CHI+RPR+ART+ individuals. Our data provide new insight into the roles of CCR2 and CX3CR1 on three monocyte subsets in HIV-1 and T. pallidum pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyue Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Song
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Cuie Liu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Dermatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Liu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
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30
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Morris SR, Chen B, Mudd JC, Panigrahi S, Shive CL, Sieg SF, Cameron CM, Zidar DA, Funderburg NT, Younes SA, Rodriguez B, Gianella S, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Inflammescent CX3CR1+CD57+CD8+ T cells are generated and expanded by IL-15. JCI Insight 2020; 5:132963. [PMID: 32369455 PMCID: PMC7346586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with an increase in the proportion of activated CD8+ memory T cells (Tmem) that express CX3CR1, but how these cells are generated and maintained in vivo is unclear. We demonstrate that increased CX3CR1 expression on CD8+ Tmem in people living with HIV (PLWH) is dependent on coinfection with human CMV, and CX3CR1+CD8+ Tmem are enriched for a putatively immunosenescent CD57+CD28- phenotype. The cytokine IL-15 promotes the phenotype, survival, and proliferation of CX3CR1+CD57+CD8+ Tmem in vitro, whereas T cell receptor stimulation leads to their death. IL-15-driven survival is dependent on STAT5 and Bcl-2 activity, and IL-15-induced proliferation requires STAT5 and mTORC1. Thus, we identify mechanistic pathways that could explain how "inflammescent" CX3CR1+CD57+ CD8+ Tmem dominate the overall memory T cell pool in CMV-seropositive PLWH and that support reevaluation of immune senescence as a nonproliferative dead end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Morris
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph C. Mudd
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carey L. Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David A. Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benigno Rodriguez
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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31
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Morris SR, Chen B, Mudd JC, Panigrahi S, Shive CL, Sieg SF, Cameron CM, Zidar DA, Funderburg NT, Younes SA, Rodriguez B, Gianella S, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Inflammescent CX3CR1+CD57+CD8+ T cells are generated and expanded by IL-15. JCI Insight 2020. [PMID: 32369455 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.l32963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV infection is associated with an increase in the proportion of activated CD8+ memory T cells (Tmem) that express CX3CR1, but how these cells are generated and maintained in vivo is unclear. We demonstrate that increased CX3CR1 expression on CD8+ Tmem in people living with HIV (PLWH) is dependent on coinfection with human CMV, and CX3CR1+CD8+ Tmem are enriched for a putatively immunosenescent CD57+CD28- phenotype. The cytokine IL-15 promotes the phenotype, survival, and proliferation of CX3CR1+CD57+CD8+ Tmem in vitro, whereas T cell receptor stimulation leads to their death. IL-15-driven survival is dependent on STAT5 and Bcl-2 activity, and IL-15-induced proliferation requires STAT5 and mTORC1. Thus, we identify mechanistic pathways that could explain how "inflammescent" CX3CR1+CD57+ CD8+ Tmem dominate the overall memory T cell pool in CMV-seropositive PLWH and that support reevaluation of immune senescence as a nonproliferative dead end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Morris
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph C Mudd
- Barrier Immunity Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Carey L Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Cheryl M Cameron
- Center for AIDS Research, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - David A Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Benigno Rodriguez
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Gianella
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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32
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Chen B, Morris SR, Panigrahi S, Michaelson GM, Wyrick JM, Komissarov AA, Potashnikova D, Lebedeva A, Younes SA, Harth K, Kashyap VS, Vasilieva E, Margolis L, Zidar DA, Sieg SF, Shive CL, Funderburg NT, Gianella S, Lederman MM, Freeman ML. Cytomegalovirus Coinfection Is Associated with Increased Vascular-Homing CD57 + CD4 T Cells in HIV Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:2722-2733. [PMID: 32229536 PMCID: PMC7315224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4 T cells are linked to cardiovascular morbidities and accumulate in both HIV and CMV infections, both of which are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this study, we identify CMV coinfection as a major driver of the cytotoxic phenotype, characterized by elevated CD57 expression and reduced CD28 expression, in circulating CD4 T cells from people living with HIV infection, and investigate potential mechanisms linking this cell population to CVD. We find that human CD57+ CD4 T cells express high levels of the costimulatory receptor CD2 and that CD2/LFA-3 costimulation results in a more robust and polyfunctional effector response to TCR signals, compared with CD28-mediated costimulation. CD57+ CD4 T cells also express the vascular endothelium-homing receptor CX3CR1 and migrate toward CX3CL1-expressing endothelial cells in vitro. IL-15 promotes the cytotoxic phenotype, elevates CX3CR1 expression, and enhances the trafficking of CD57+ CD4 T cells to endothelium and may therefore be important in linking these cells to cardiovascular complications. Finally, we demonstrate the presence of activated CD57+ CD4 T cells and expression of CX3CL1 and LFA-3 in atherosclerotic plaque tissues from HIV-uninfected donors. Our findings are consistent with a model in which cytotoxic CD4 T cells contribute to CVD in HIV/CMV coinfection and in atherosclerosis via CX3CR1-mediated trafficking and CD2/LFA-3-mediated costimulation. This study identifies several targets for therapeutic interventions and may help bridge the gap in understanding how CMV infection and immunity are linked to increased cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Stephen R Morris
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Gillian M Michaelson
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Jonathan M Wyrick
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Alexey A Komissarov
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Daria Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Souheil-Antoine Younes
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Karem Harth
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Vikram S Kashyap
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow 127473, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David A Zidar
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Carey L Shive
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Sara Gianella
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106;
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33
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Freeman ML, Panigrahi S, Chen B, Juchnowski S, Sieg SF, Lederman MM, Funderburg NT, Zidar DA. CD8+ T-Cell-Derived Tumor Necrosis Factor Can Induce Tissue Factor Expression on Monocytes. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:73-77. [PMID: 30698729 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD8+ T cells and monocytes are activated during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and colocalize in the aortas of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected nonhuman primates. We hypothesized that CD8+ T cells could exert a proatherosclerotic effect via paracrine actions on monocytes. We found that T-cell receptor-stimulated CD8+ T cells induce monocytes to express tissue factor, a potent activator of coagulation. Tumor necrosis factor was both necessary and sufficient for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Freeman
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Soumya Panigrahi
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Bonnie Chen
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Steven Juchnowski
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - David A Zidar
- Center for AIDS Research, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland.,Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland
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34
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Jaworowski A, Hearps AC, Angelovich TA, Hoy JF. How Monocytes Contribute to Increased Risk of Atherosclerosis in Virologically-Suppressed HIV-Positive Individuals Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1378. [PMID: 31275317 PMCID: PMC6593090 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective at suppressing HIV viremia to achieve persistently undetectable levels in peripheral blood in the majority of individuals with access and ability to maintain adherence to treatment. However, evidence suggests that ART is less effective at eliminating HIV-associated inflammation and innate immune activation. To the extent that residual inflammation and immune activation persist, virologically suppressed people living with HIV (PLWH) may have increased risk of inflammatory co-morbidities, and adjunctive therapies may need to be considered to reduce HIV-related inflammation and fully restore the health of virologically suppressed HIV+ individuals. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the single leading cause of death in the developed world and is becoming more important in PLWH with access to ART. Arterial disease due to atherosclerosis, leading to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and stroke, is a major component of CVD. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease, and epidemiological comparisons of atherosclerosis and AMI show a higher prevalence and suggest a greater risk in PLWH compared to the general population. The reasons for greater prevalence of CVD in PLWH can be broadly grouped into four categories: (a) the higher prevalence of traditional risk factors e.g., smoking and hypertension (b) dyslipidemia (also a traditional risk factor) caused by off-target effects of ART drugs (c) HIV-related inflammation and immune activation and (d) other undefined HIV-related factors. Management strategies aimed at reducing the impact of traditional risk factors in PLWH are similar to those for the general population and their effectiveness is currently being evaluated. Together with improvements in ART regimens and guidelines for treatment, and a greater awareness of its impact on CVD, the HIV-related risk of AMI and stroke is decreasing but remains elevated compared to the general community. Monocytes are key effector cells which initiate the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by migrating into the intima of coronary arteries and accumulating as foam cells full of lipid droplets. This review considers the specific role of monocytes as effector cells in atherosclerosis which progresses to AMI and stroke, and explores mechanisms by which HIV may promote an atherogenic phenotype and function independent of traditional risk factors. Altered monocyte function may represent a distinct HIV-related factor which increases risk of CVD in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Jaworowski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna C Hearps
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas A Angelovich
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Life Sciences Discipline, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer F Hoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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35
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Peyracchia M, Verardi R, Rubin SR, Abu-Assi E, Montrucchio C, Perl L, Grossomarra W, Calcagno A, Omedè P, Montefusco A, Bonora S, Moretti C, D'Amico M, Mauro R, D'Ascenzo F. In-hospital and long-term outcomes of HIV-positive patients undergoing PCI according to kind of stent: a meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:321-326. [PMID: 30664538 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in HIV-positive patients is related to the interaction between traditional and HIV-specific factors. Limited data are available regarding the prognosis of HIV-positive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS All observational studies evaluating the prognosis of HIV-positive patients treated with PCI were included. In-hospital and long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) [composite endpoint of all-cause death or myocardial infarction (MI)] were the primary endpoints, whereas in-hospital and long-term all-cause death, cardiovascular death, MI, stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization (TVR), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and bleeding complications were the secondary ones. FINDINGS In all, 1243 patients in nine studies were included, with a mean age of 54 years. Among them, 12% were female and 91% were admitted for acute coronary syndromes. In-hospital MACE occurred in 6.0% (5.4-6.6), death in 4.2% (2.6-5.9), and MI in 1.3% (0-2.8), whereas major bleeding occurred in 2.0% (1.7-2.3) of the patients. After 2 years (1.6-3.1), long-term MACE occurred in 17.4% (11.9-22.3), all-cause death in 8.7% (3.2-14.2), and MI in 7.8% (5.5-10.1) of the patients, whereas stent thrombosis and TVR in 3.4% (1.5-5.3) and 10.5% (7.5-13.4), respectively. In patients treated with drug-eluting stents (DES), the rate of long-term MACE was 22.3% (10.1-34.4), with an incidence of 4.9% (0.0-11.4) of MI and 5.7% (2.3-13.7, all 95% confidence intervals of TLR. INTERPRETATION HIV-positive patients have a high risk of in-hospital and long-term MACE after PCI, partially reduced by the use of DES. Further studies on the risk of recurrent ischemic events with current generation stents are needed, to offer a tailored therapy in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Peyracchia
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Verardi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sergio Raposeiras Rubin
- Department of Cardiology and Coronary Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña
| | - Emad Abu-Assi
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Leor Perl
- Cardiology Department, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva and the "Sackler" Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Walter Grossomarra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Omedè
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Montefusco
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonora
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Moretti
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio D'Amico
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rinaldi Mauro
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio D'Ascenzo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Città Della Salute e della Scienza, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Antoniak S. The coagulation system in host defense. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2018; 2:549-557. [PMID: 30046760 PMCID: PMC6046589 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood coagulation system and immune system of higher organisms are thought to have a common ancestral origin. During infections, the blood coagulation system is activated and components of the hemostatic system are directly involved in the immune response and immune system modulations. The current view is that the activation of coagulation is beneficial for infections with bacteria and viruses. It limits pathogen dissemination and supports pathogen killing and tissue repair. On the other hand, over-activation can lead to thrombosis with subsequent depletion of hemostatic factors and secondary bleeding. This review will summarize the current knowledge on blood coagulation and pathogen infection with focus on most recent studies of the role of the different parts of the blood coagulation system in selected bacterial and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Antoniak
- Program in Thrombosis and HemostasisDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA
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Funderburg N. Transcriptional Profiling Identifies Mechanisms Associated With Platelet Activation in HIV Infection. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2018; 3:23-24. [PMID: 30062190 PMCID: PMC6058994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Beck SE, Queen SE, Metcalf Pate KA, Mangus LM, Abreu CM, Gama L, Witwer KW, Adams RJ, Zink MC, Clements JE, Mankowski JL. An SIV/macaque model targeted to study HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurovirol 2017; 24:204-212. [PMID: 28975505 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of pigtailed macaques is a highly representative and well-characterized animal model for HIV neuropathogenesis studies that provides an excellent opportunity to study and develop prognostic markers of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) for HIV-infected individuals. SIV studies can be performed in a controlled setting that enhances reproducibility and offers high-translational value. Similar to observations in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), ongoing neurodegeneration and inflammation are present in SIV-infected pigtailed macaques treated with suppressive ART. By developing quantitative viral outgrowth assays that measure both CD4+ T cells and macrophages harboring replication competent SIV as well as a highly sensitive mouse-based viral outgrowth assay, we have positioned the SIV/pigtailed macaque model to advance our understanding of latent cellular reservoirs, including potential CNS reservoirs, to promote HIV cure. In addition to contributing to our understanding of the pathogenesis of HAND, the SIV/pigtailed macaque model also provides an excellent opportunity to test innovative approaches to eliminate the latent HIV reservoir in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Suzanne E Queen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kelly A Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Celina M Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert J Adams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - M Christine Zink
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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