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Reyes JGA, Ni D, Santner-Nanan B, Pinget GV, Kraftova L, Ashhurst TM, Marsh-Wakefield F, Wishart CL, Tan J, Hsu P, King NJC, Macia L, Nanan R. A unique human cord blood CD8 +CD45RA +CD27 +CD161 + T-cell subset identified by flow cytometric data analysis using Seurat. Immunology 2024. [PMID: 38798051 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in single-cell level analytical techniques, especially cytometric approaches, have led to profound innovation in biomedical research, particularly in the field of clinical immunology. This has resulted in an expansion of high-dimensional data, posing great challenges for comprehensive and unbiased analysis. Conventional manual analysis is thus becoming untenable to handle these challenges. Furthermore, most newly developed computational methods lack flexibility and interoperability, hampering their accessibility and usability. Here, we adapted Seurat, an R package originally developed for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, for high-dimensional flow cytometric data analysis. Based on a 20-marker antibody panel and analyses of T-cell profiles in both adult blood and cord blood (CB), we showcased the robust capacity of Seurat in flow cytometric data analysis, which was further validated by Spectre, another high-dimensional cytometric data analysis package, and conventional manual analysis. Importantly, we identified a unique CD8+ T-cell population defined as CD8+CD45RA+CD27+CD161+ T cell that was predominantly present in CB. We characterised its IFN-γ-producing and potential cytotoxic properties using flow cytometry experiments and scRNA-seq analysis from a published dataset. Collectively, we identified a unique human CB CD8+CD45RA+CD27+CD161+ T-cell subset and demonstrated that Seurat, a widely used package for scRNA-seq analysis, possesses great potential to be repurposed for cytometric data analysis. This facilitates an unbiased and thorough interpretation of complicated high-dimensional data using a single analytical pipeline and opens a novel avenue for data-driven investigation in clinical immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Gabirel Araneta Reyes
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Duan Ni
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brigitte Santner-Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabriela Veronica Pinget
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucie Kraftova
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Myles Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Felix Marsh-Wakefield
- Liver Injury and Cancer Program, Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Human Cancer and Viral Immunology Laboratory, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Claire Leana Wishart
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human System Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jian Tan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Hsu
- Kids Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas Jonathan Cole King
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Viral immunopathology Laboratory, Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research Theme, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human System Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Nano, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Macia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ralph Nanan
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Hospital, Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Nepean Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Jang JH, Zhou M, Makita K, Sun R, El-Hajjar M, Fonseca G, Lauzon AM, Martin JG. Induction of a memory-like CD4 + T-cell phenotype by airway smooth muscle cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2249800. [PMID: 38334162 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202249800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
In asthma, CD4+ T-cell interaction with airway smooth muscle (ASM) may enhance its contractile properties and promote its proliferation. However, less is known about the effects of this interaction on T cells. To explore the consequences of interaction of CD4+ T cells with ASM we placed the cells in co-culture and analyzed the phenotypic and functional changes in the T cells. Effector status as well as cytokine expression was assessed by flow cytometry. An increase in CD45RA-CD45RO+ memory T cells was observed after co-culture; however, these cells were not more responsive to CD3/28 restimulation. A reduction in mitochondrial coupling and an increase in the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species by CD4+ T cells post-restimulation suggested altered mitochondrial metabolism after co-culture. RNA sequencing analysis of the T cells revealed characteristic downregulation of effector T-cell-associated genes, but a lack of upregulation of memory T-cell-associated genes. The results of this study demonstrate that ASM cells can induce a phenotypic shift in CD4+ T cells into memory-like T cells but with reduced capacity for activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce H Jang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael Zhou
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kosuke Makita
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rui Sun
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mikal El-Hajjar
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gregory Fonseca
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lauzon
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Li L, Huang RW, Liu XN, Xiang XY, Zhou YT, Feng XX, Tao LY, Yu J, Qin Yi, Wang YC, Liu XM. Modulation of plasmacytoid dendritic cell and CD4 + T cell differentiation accompanied by upregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway induced by enterovirus 71. Arch Virol 2024; 169:73. [PMID: 38472498 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a neurotropic enterovirus associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) fatalities. In this study, we investigated the impact of EV71 on plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and CD4+ T cells. The results showed that pDCs were promptly activated, secreting interferon (IFN)-α and inducing CD4+ T cell proliferation and differentiation during early EV71 infection. This initiated adaptive immune responses and promoted proinflammatory cytokine production by CD4+ T cells. Over time, viral nucleic acids and proteins were synthesized in pDCs and CD4+ T cells. Concurrently, the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) was activated, exhibiting an anti-inflammatory role. With constant viral stimulation, pDCs and CD4+ T cells showed reduced differentiation and cytokine secretion. Defects in pDCs were identified as a key factor in CD4+ T cell tolerance. CAP had a more significant regulatory effect on CD4+ T cells than on pDCs and was capable of inhibiting inflammation in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Rong-Wei Huang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Xiang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Zhou
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xing-Xing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Lv-Yuan Tao
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Yi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zouping People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256200, Shandong, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Department of 2nd Infection, Kunming Children's Hospital, Zouping People's Hospital, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Liu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming, 650228, Yunnan, China.
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Nateghi-Rostami M, Sohrabi Y. Memory T cells: promising biomarkers for evaluating protection and vaccine efficacy against leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1304696. [PMID: 38469319 PMCID: PMC10925770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1304696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immune response to Leishmania infection and identifying biomarkers that correlate with protection are crucial for developing effective vaccines. One intriguing aspect of Leishmania infection is the persistence of parasites, even after apparent lesion healing. Various host cells, including dendritic cells, fibroblasts, and Langerhans cells, may serve as safe sites for latent infection. Memory T cells, especially tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM), play a crucial role in concomitant immunity against cutaneous Leishmania infections. These TRM cells are long-lasting and can protect against reinfection in the absence of persistent parasites. CD4+ TRM cells, in particular, have been implicated in protection against Leishmania infections. These cells are characterized by their ability to reside in the skin and rapidly respond to secondary infections by producing cytokines such as IFN-γ, which activates macrophages to kill parasites. The induction of CD4+ TRM cells has shown promise in experimental immunization, leading to protection against Leishmania challenge infections. Identifying biomarkers of protection is a critical step in vaccine development and CD4+ TRM cells hold potential as biomarkers, as their presence and functions may correlate with protection. While recent studies have shown that Leishmania-specific memory CD4+ T-cell subsets are present in individuals with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis, further studies are needed to characterize CD4+ TRM cell populations. Overall, this review highlights the importance of memory T cells, particularly skin-resident CD4+ TRM cells, as promising targets for developing effective vaccines against leishmaniasis and as biomarkers of immune protection to assess the efficacy of candidate vaccines against human leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Locke FL, Filosto S, Chou J, Vardhanabhuti S, Perbost R, Dreger P, Hill BT, Lee C, Zinzani PL, Kröger N, López-Guillermo A, Greinix H, Zhang W, Tiwari G, Budka J, Marincola FM, To C, Mattie M, Schupp M, Cheng P, Bot A, Shen R, Bedognetti D, Miao H, Galon J. Impact of tumor microenvironment on efficacy of anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy or chemotherapy and transplant in large B cell lymphoma. Nat Med 2024; 30:507-518. [PMID: 38233586 PMCID: PMC10878966 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The phase 3 ZUMA-7 trial in second-line large B cell lymphoma demonstrated superiority of anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy (axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel)) over standard of care (SOC; salvage chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic transplantation) ( NCT03391466 ). Here, we present a prespecified exploratory analysis examining the association between pretreatment tumor characteristics and the efficacy of axi-cel versus SOC. B cell gene expression signature (GES) and CD19 expression associated significantly with improved event-free survival for axi-cel (P = 0.0002 for B cell GES; P = 0.0165 for CD19 expression) but not SOC (P = 0.9374 for B cell GES; P = 0.5526 for CD19 expression). Axi-cel showed superior event-free survival over SOC irrespective of B cell GES and CD19 expression (P = 8.56 × 10-9 for B cell GES high; P = 0.0019 for B cell GES low; P = 3.85 × 10-9 for CD19 gene high; P = 0.0017 for CD19 gene low). Low CD19 expression in malignant cells correlated with a tumor GES consisting of immune-suppressive stromal and myeloid genes, highlighting the inter-relation between malignant cell features and immune contexture substantially impacting axi-cel outcomes. Tumor burden, lactate dehydrogenase and cell-of-origin impacted SOC more than axi-cel outcomes. T cell activation and B cell GES, which are associated with improved axi-cel outcome, decreased with increasing lines of therapy. These data highlight differences in resistance mechanisms to axi-cel and SOC and support earlier intervention with axi-cel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Justin Chou
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Dreger
- Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Catherine Lee
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Pier L Zinzani
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna Istituto di Ematologia Seràgnol and Dipartimento di Medicina Specialistica, Diagnostica e Sperimentale Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mike Mattie
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - Paul Cheng
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Adrian Bot
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Rhine Shen
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | | | - Harry Miao
- Kite, a Gilead Company, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Jérôme Galon
- Veracyte, Marseille, France
- INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology F-75006, Paris, France
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6
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Moretti S, Schietroma I, Sberna G, Maggiorella MT, Sernicola L, Farcomeni S, Giovanetti M, Ciccozzi M, Borsetti A. HIV-1-Host Interaction in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT): Effects on Local Environment and Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12193. [PMID: 37569570 PMCID: PMC10418605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract causes severe CD4+ T-cell depletion and disruption of the protective epithelial barrier in the intestinal mucosa, causing microbial translocation, the main driver of inflammation and immune activation, even in people living with HIV (PLWH) taking antiretroviral drug therapy. The higher levels of HIV DNA in the gut compared to the blood highlight the importance of the gut as a viral reservoir. CD4+ T-cell subsets in the gut differ in phenotypic characteristics and differentiation status from the ones in other tissues or in peripheral blood, and little is still known about the mechanisms by which the persistence of HIV is maintained at this anatomical site. This review aims to describe the interaction with key subsets of CD4+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa targeted by HIV-1 and the role of gut microbiome and its metabolites in HIV-associated systemic inflammation and immune activation that are crucial in the pathogenesis of HIV infection and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Moretti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Ivan Schietroma
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Sberna
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Teresa Maggiorella
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Leonardo Sernicola
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Stefania Farcomeni
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemiology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Borsetti
- National HIV/AIDS Research Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00162 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (I.S.); (G.S.); (M.T.M.); (L.S.); (S.F.)
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7
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Gaiffe E, Colladant M, Desmaret M, Bamoulid J, Leroux F, Laheurte C, Brouard S, Giral M, Saas P, Courivaud C, Degauque N, Ducloux D. Pre-transplant immune profile defined by principal component analysis predicts acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192440. [PMID: 37497224 PMCID: PMC10367005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acute rejection persists as a frequent complication after kidney transplantation. Defining an at-risk immune profile would allow better preventive approaches. Methods We performed unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis on pre-transplant immunological phenotype in 1113 renal transplant recipients from the ORLY-EST cohort. Results We identified three immune profiles correlated with clinical phenotypes. A memory immune cluster was defined by memory CD4+T cell expansion and decreased naïve CD4+T cell. An activated immune cluster was characterized by an increase in CD8+T cells and a decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. A naïve immune cluster was mainly defined by increased naïve CD4+T cells. Patients from the memory immune profile tend to be older and to have diabetes whereas those from the activated immune profile were younger and more likely to have pre-transplant exposure to CMV. Patients from the activated immune profile were more prone to experience acute rejection than those from other clusters [(HR=1.69, 95%IC[1.05-2.70], p=0.030) and (HR=1.85; 95%IC[1.16-3.00], p=0.011). In the activated immune profile, those without previous exposure to CMV (24%) were at very high risk of acute rejection (27 vs 16%, HR=1.85; 95%IC[1.04-3.33], p=0.039). Conclusion Immune profile determination based on principal component analysis defines clinically different sub-groups and discriminate a population at high-risk of acute rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Gaiffe
- Besançon University Hospital, INSERM CIC-1431, Besançon, France
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Colladant
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Besançon, France
| | - Maxime Desmaret
- Besançon University Hospital, INSERM CIC-1431, Besançon, France
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Jamal Bamoulid
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Besançon, France
| | - Franck Leroux
- Besançon University Hospital, INSERM CIC-1431, Besançon, France
| | - Caroline Laheurte
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Université de Nantes (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Magali Giral
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Université de Nantes (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
| | - Cécile Courivaud
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Besançon, France
| | - Nicolas Degauque
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1064, Institut de Transplantation Université de Nantes (ITUN), Nantes, France
| | - Didier Ducloux
- Besançon University Hospital, INSERM CIC-1431, Besançon, France
- Univ. Franche-Comté, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1098, RIGHT Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- Besançon University Hospital, Department of Nephrology, Besançon, France
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8
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Agarwal J, Awasthi NP, Singh S, Tiwari V. Sequential Shifting in T-helper and T-cytotoxic Subset Cell Population in Mild and Severe COVID-19 Patients Infected With Variant B.1.61. Cureus 2023; 15:e40556. [PMID: 37465793 PMCID: PMC10351332 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) modulates antiviral immunity via T cells, but whether these cells are active or abundant in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the temporal shifting in the T-cell population and their subsets, T-Helper (Th) cell (CD4) and T-Cytotoxic (Tc) cell (CD8) in COVID-19 patients. METHOD Thirty confirmed COVID-19 patients (nasal swab reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed) were enrolled. On the basis of oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels, patients were stratified into two categories: (i) mild (n=11) having fever and SpO2 level >95%, and (ii) severe (n=19) on the ventilator, and in the intensive care unit (ICU) as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) guidelines. Thirty age-sex-matched controls without infectious diseases unrelated to COVID-19 were also enrolled in the study. Patients with inflammatory diseases and severe comorbidities that compromise immunity were excluded from the study. Immunophenotyping flow cytometry assay was used to evaluate T-cell viability, Th, and Tc cells population in mild and severe COVID-19 patients on day 1 (at admission) and day 4 (decreasing the infection load) in the second COVID-19 wave (variant: B.1.61). Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentage and p-values were calculated by Chi-square test. All the variables were represented in median and Q1 (25 percentile) and Q3 (75 percentile). The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the study groups. The Δ mean differences were calculated by using the Paired samples t-test. The statistically significant level was taken as p<0.05. RESULTS Hemoglobin, total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils were significantly reduced in patients (p<0.05). A significant decrease of CD4 and CD8 cells in severe COVID-19 patients vs. controls (CD4, median 49; CD8, 40.12; p>0.05) was seen. Th-EM (effector memory)-Tim-3 (T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3)+ was significantly higher (p=0.002) however, Tc-EMRA (effector memory cells re-expressing)-Tim-3+, Tc-Naive-Tim-3+, Tc-EM-PD1+ and Tc-CM (central memory)-Tim-3+ significantly reduced (p<0.05) in mild COVID-19 patients than controls. Similarly, in severe COVID-19 patients, Th-EMRA-Tim-3+, Th-Naive-PD1+, Th-EM-PD1+, Th-EM-Tim 3+ and Th-CM-Tim-3+ showed a significant reduction (p<0.05) and Tc-EMRA-Tim-3+, Tc-Naive-Tim-3+, Tc-EM-PD1+, and Tc-CM-Tim-3+ showed similar results. In mild vs. severe group, decreased T-cells (p=0.001), Th-EMRA-Tim-3+ (p=0.024), and Th-Navie-Tim-3+ (p=0.005), and significantly increased (p<0.05) Tc-Naive-Tim3+ (p=0.001), Tc-EM-Tim-3+ (p=0.031), and Tc-CM-Tim-3+ (p=0.08) were observed. Severe COVID-19 patients showed a significant increase in Th-Naive-Tim3+ (day 4-day 1; δ43, p=0.019), Th-EM-Tim3+ (δ 16.24, p=0.033), and Th-CM-Tim3+ (δ 13.57, p=0.041). CONCLUSION T-cell populations and CD8 subset help to differentiate the mild and severe COVID-19 patients. Monitoring T cells, especially CD8 subset changes, has important implications for diagnosing and treating mild and severe patients being critically ill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotsna Agarwal
- Microbiology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Namrata P Awasthi
- Pathology, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Shivani Singh
- Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
| | - Vandana Tiwari
- Biochemistry, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, IND
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9
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Mass Cytometry Reveals the Imbalanced Immune State in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Essential Hypertension. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:9915178. [PMID: 36891527 PMCID: PMC9988372 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9915178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has confirmed that essential hypertension (EH) is closely related to low-grade inflammation, but there is still a lack of in-depth understanding of the state of immune cells in the circulating blood of patients with EH. We analyzed whether hypertensive peripheral blood immune cell balance was destroyed. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all subjects were analyzed using time-of-flight cytometry (CyTOF) based on 42 kinds of metal-binding antibodies. CD45+ cells were categorized into 32 kinds of subsets. Compared with the health control (HC) group, the percentage of total dendritic cells, two kinds of myeloid dendritic cell subsets, one intermediate/nonclassical monocyte subset and one CD4+ central memory T cell subset in the EH group, was significantly higher; the percentage of low-density neutrophils, four kinds of classical monocyte subsets, one CD14lowCD16- monocyte subset, one naive CD4+ and one naive CD8+ T cell subsets, one CD4+ effector and one CD4+ central memory T cell subsets, one CD8+ effector memory T cell subset, and one terminally differentiated γδ T cell subset, decreased significantly in EH. What is more, the expression of many important antigens was enhanced in CD45+ immune cells, granulocytes, and B cells in patients with EH. In conclusion, the altered number and antigen expression of immune cells reflect the imbalanced immune state of the peripheral blood in patients with EH.
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10
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Quantifying the Detrimental Effects of Multiple Freeze/Thaw Cycles on Primary Human Lymphocyte Survival and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010634. [PMID: 36614075 PMCID: PMC9820337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells is common in biological research. It is widely accepted that primary cells are rendered unusable by several freezing cycles, although this practice might be very helpful when the biological material is valuable and its re-collection is impractical. To determine the extent to which primary cells undergoing repeated freezing cycles are comparable to one another and to fresh samples, we evaluated overall lymphocyte viability, their proliferation and cytokine production capabilities, as well as the levels of 27 cell subtypes in ten human peripheral blood mononuclear cells frozen for five years and repeatedly thawed. As expected, we observed a progressive increase in cell death percentages on three rounds of thawing, but the frequency of the main lymphocyte subsets was stable across the three thawings. Nevertheless, we observed a significant reduction of B cell frequency in frozen samples compared to fresh ones. On repeated thawings and subsequent conventional stimulation, lymphocyte proliferation significantly decreased, and IL-10, IL-6, GM-CSF, IFN-gamma, and IL-8 showed a trend to lower values.
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11
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Comparative flow cytometry-based immunophenotyping analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes before and after fixation with paraformaldehyde. J Immunol Methods 2022; 511:113379. [PMID: 36279962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2022.113379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry based immunophenotyping provides prime insight into cellular population composition and characteristics, and is widely used in basic and clinical research. Challenges in processing peripheral blood samples in a timely manner necessitate protocol adaptations and utilization of fixatives. Fixation, however, may introduce artifacts to the flow cytometry readout. We performed a comparative flow cytometry immunophenotyping analysis of 13 immune cell populations in the whole blood using a staining protocol with and without fixation step. Freshly procured human peripheral blood samples were stained with a panel of 33 fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies. Samples were processed using a protocol with or without a paraformaldehyde-based fixation step, and matching sample pairs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results show that paraformaldehyde-based fixation, in comparison to matched unfixed samples, did not significantly affect population distribution and frequency for: B cells, Plasmablasts, Dendritic cells, NK cells, Granulocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils, or Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells. However, fixation led to significant marker shifts in the subpopulation distribution in CD4, T regulatory, CD8, Monocytes, and Basophils. These results indicate the importance of pre-experimental assessment of fixation-introduced artifacts in the flow cytometry output when considering the feasibility of fresh processing. This is especially important for samples analyzed using comprehensive exploratory immunoprofiling panels.
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12
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Morgan DM, Shreffler WG, Love JC. Revealing the heterogeneity of CD4+ T cells through single-cell transcriptomics. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:748-755. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide after Matched Sibling and Unrelated Donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158748. [PMID: 35955881 PMCID: PMC9368975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-relapse mortality due to GVHD and infections represents a major source of morbidity and mortality in pediatric HSCT recipients. Post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has emerged as an effective and safe GVHD prophylaxis strategy, with improved GVHD and relapse-free survival in matched (related and unrelated) and mismatched haploidentical HSCT adult recipients. However, there are no published data in pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia who received matched-donor HSCT with PTCy. We demonstrate, in this case series, that the use of PTCy in this population is potentially safe, effective in preventing acute GVHD, does not impair engraftment, is associated with reduced non-relapse mortality, and does not hinder immune reconstitution post HSCT.
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14
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Serra V, Orrù V, Lai S, Lobina M, Steri M, Cucca F, Fiorillo E. Comparison of Whole Blood Cryopreservation Methods for Extensive Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091527. [PMID: 35563832 PMCID: PMC9103885 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fresh blood immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, based on the reliable simultaneous detection of several markers in a cell, is the method of choice to study the circulating human immune system. Especially in large and multicenter studies, high sample quality is difficult to achieve, and adequate collection and storage of samples with fine-tuned whole blood cryopreservation is mandatory. Here, we compared the quality of immunophenotypic data obtained from fresh blood with those obtained after five cryopreservation methods by quantifying the levels of 41 immune cell populations. They comprised B and T lymphocyte subsets and their maturation stages, as well as monocytes and granulocytes. Three methods used fixative solutions and two other methods used dimethyl sulfoxide solutions to preserve cell viability. The fixative methods prevented detection of markers critical for identification of B and T cell subsets, including CD27, CXCR3, and CCR6. The other two methods permitted reliable discrimination of most immune-cell populations in thawed samples, though some cell frequencies varied compared to the corresponding fresh sample. Of those two methods, the one preserving blood in media containing dimethyl sulfoxide produced results that were most similar to those with fresh samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Serra
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (V.O.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Valeria Orrù
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (V.O.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (E.F.)
| | - Sandra Lai
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (V.O.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (E.F.)
| | - Monia Lobina
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (V.O.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (E.F.)
| | - Maristella Steri
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (V.O.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (E.F.)
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (V.O.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (E.F.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (V.O.); (S.L.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (F.C.); (E.F.)
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15
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Dasagrandhi D, Muthuswamy A, Swaminathan JK. Atherosclerosis: nexus of vascular dynamics and cellular cross talks. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:571-584. [PMID: 34845570 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the foremost cause of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is the underlying pathology behind CVDs. Atherosclerosis is manifested predominantly by lipid deposition, plaque formation, and inflammation in vascular intima. Initiation and progression of plaque require many years. With aging, atherosclerotic plaques become vulnerable. Localization of these plaques in the coronary artery leads to myocardial infarction. A complete understanding of the pathophysiology of this multifaceted disease is necessary to achieve the clinical goal to provide early diagnosis and the best therapeutics. The triggering factors of atherosclerosis are biomechanical forces, hyperlipidemia, and chronic inflammatory response. The current review focuses on crucial determinants involved in the disease, such as location, hemodynamic factors, oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, and the role of endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and immune cells, and better therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dasagrandhi
- Drug Discovery and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Anusuyadevi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Neurogerontology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India
| | - Jayachandran Kesavan Swaminathan
- Drug Discovery and Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, Department of Bioinformatics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, India.
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16
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Chen N, Xu Y, Mou J, Rao Q, Xing H, Tian Z, Tang K, Wang M, Wang J. Targeting of IL-10R on acute myeloid leukemia blasts with chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T cells. Blood Cancer J 2021; 11:144. [PMID: 34392305 PMCID: PMC8364556 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-021-00536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease with a dismal prognosis and limited treatment options. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have achieved unprecedented clinical responses in patients with B cell malignancies but a dismal consequences in AML. In our previous study, we found that interleukin-10 receptor (IL-10R) was overexpressed in most AML cells, and played an important role in promoting the stemness of leukemia cells. In this study, we developed a novel ligand-based CAR-T cell targeting IL-10R, which displayed striking cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo against AML cells. Except for monocytes, it had no significant adverse effects on the normal hematopoietic system, including CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In addition, even though the incorporation of IL-10 in the CAR cassette led to phenotypes change, it had few adverse effects on the survival and biological activity of IL-10 CAR-T cells and did not cause excessive proliferation of leukemia cells. Therefore, we propose IL-10R is a novel promising therapeutic candidate for AML, and IL-10R targeted CAR-T therapy provides a new treatment strategy to improve the prognosis of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianci Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yingxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Junli Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Kejing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Jiangxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cell Therapy for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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17
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Qin S, Chen R, Jiang Y, Zhu H, Chen L, Chen Y, Shen M, Lin X. Multifunctional T cell response in active pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107898. [PMID: 34333359 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis still threatens human health. We aimed to investigate the T cell immune status and the role of multifunctional T cells in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. METHODS Thirty active pulmonary tuberculosis (APTB) patients, 30 latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) patients, 25 cured pulmonary tuberculosis (CPTB) patients and 25 healthy controls (HCs) enrolled in this study. Flow cytometer for detecting T cell phenotype and function. CBA Flex Set was used to measure chemokine. RESULTS Compared with HCs and LTBI patients, APTB patients had fewer CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells, but the expression of granzyme A, granzyme B and perforin on CD8+ T cells increased. Compared to LTBI and CPTB patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ T cells in APTB patients appeared to be more differentiated CD45RA-CCR7- cells, and there were more multifunctional CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. Importantly, the frequency of multifunctional CD4+ T cells in the pleural fluid of APTB patients was higher than that of peripheral blood. And the proportion of multifunctional CD4+ T cells expressing the migration receptor CXCR3 in the peripheral blood of APTB patients decreased, while the concentrations of its ligands, chemokine MIG, IP-10 and I-TAC increased significantly in plasma, especially in pleural fluid. CONCLUSIONS Decreased T lymphocytes in APTB patients may cause compensatory activation of CD8+ T cells. Multifunctional CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood could migrate to the lungs under the action of CXCR3 and associated chemokine. Multifunctional CD4+ T cells and Multifunctional CD8+ T cells were of great significance in monitoring disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ruiqi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yujie Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hengyue Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Lijiang Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yanfan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mo Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Xiangyang Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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18
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Tippalagama R, Singhania A, Dubelko P, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Crinklaw A, Pomaznoy M, Seumois G, deSilva AD, Premawansa S, Vidanagama D, Gunasena B, Goonawardhana NDS, Ariyaratne D, Scriba TJ, Gilman RH, Saito M, Taplitz R, Vijayanand P, Sette A, Peters B, Burel JG. HLA-DR Marks Recently Divided Antigen-Specific Effector CD4 T Cells in Active Tuberculosis Patients. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:523-533. [PMID: 34193602 PMCID: PMC8516689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon Ag encounter, T cells can rapidly divide and form an effector population, which plays an important role in fighting acute infections. In humans, little is known about the molecular markers that distinguish such effector cells from other T cell populations. To address this, we investigated the molecular profile of T cells present in individuals with active tuberculosis (ATB), where we expect Ag encounter and expansion of effector cells to occur at higher frequency in contrast to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-sensitized healthy IGRA+ individuals. We found that the frequency of HLA-DR+ cells was increased in circulating CD4 T cells of ATB patients, and was dominantly expressed in M. tuberculosis Ag-specific CD4 T cells. We tested and confirmed that HLA-DR is a marker of recently divided CD4 T cells upon M. tuberculosis Ag exposure using an in vitro model examining the response of resting memory T cells from healthy IGRA+ to Ags. Thus, HLA-DR marks a CD4 T cell population that can be directly detected ex vivo in human peripheral blood, whose frequency is increased during ATB disease and contains recently divided Ag-specific effector T cells. These findings will facilitate the monitoring and study of disease-specific effector T cell responses in the context of ATB and other infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Tippalagama
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Akul Singhania
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Paige Dubelko
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Austin Crinklaw
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Mikhail Pomaznoy
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
| | - Aruna D deSilva
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Bandu Gunasena
- National Hospital for Respiratory Diseases, Welisara, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Dinuka Ariyaratne
- Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University, Ratmalana, Sri Lanka
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Mayuko Saito
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Department of Medicine, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA; and
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Julie G Burel
- Vaccine Discovery Division, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA;
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Al Balushi A, AlShekaili J, Al Kindi M, Ansari Z, Al-Khabori M, Khamis F, Ambusaidi Z, Al Balushi A, Al Huraizi A, Al Sulaimi S, Al Fahdi F, Al Balushi I, Pandak N, Fletcher T, Nasr I. Immunological predictors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:83-92. [PMID: 34216735 PMCID: PMC8245310 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identifying the immune cells involved in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease progression and the predictors of poor outcomes is important to manage patients adequately. Methods This prospective observational cohort study enrolled 48 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a tertiary hospital in Oman and 53 non-hospitalized patients with confirmed mild COVID-19. Results Hospitalized patients were older (58 years vs 36 years, P < 0.001) and had more comorbid conditions such as diabetes (65% vs 21% P < 0.001). Hospitalized patients had significantly higher inflammatory markers (P < 0.001): C-reactive protein (114 vs 4 mg/l), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (33 vs 3.71 pg/ml), lactate dehydrogenase (417 vs 214 U/l), ferritin (760 vs 196 ng/ml), fibrinogen (6 vs 3 g/l), D-dimer (1.0 vs 0.3 μg/ml), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy score (2 vs 0), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (4 vs 1.1) (P < 0.001). On multivariate regression analysis, statistically significant independent early predictors of intensive care unit admission or death were higher levels of IL-6 (odds ratio 1.03, P = 0.03), frequency of large inflammatory monocytes (CD14+CD16+) (odds ratio 1.117, P = 0.010), and frequency of circulating naïve CD4+ T cells (CD27+CD28+CD45RA+CCR7+) (odds ratio 0.476, P = 0.03). Conclusion IL-6, the frequency of large inflammatory monocytes, and the frequency of circulating naïve CD4 T cells can be used as independent immunological predictors of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients to prioritize critical care and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Al Balushi
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK; Internal Medicine Department, Suhar Hospital, Suhar, Oman.
| | - Jalila AlShekaili
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Seeb, Oman.
| | - Mahmood Al Kindi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Seeb, Oman.
| | - Zainab Ansari
- Internal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | | | - Faryal Khamis
- Internal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | | | | | | | | | - Fatma Al Fahdi
- Internal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | | | - Nenad Pandak
- Internal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Tom Fletcher
- Tropical and Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Iman Nasr
- Internal Medicine Department, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
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20
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Michelini S, Barbero F, Prinelli A, Steiner P, Weiss R, Verwanger T, Andosch A, Lütz-Meindl U, Puntes VF, Drobne D, Duschl A, Horejs-Hoeck J. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) impair LPS-driven immune responses by promoting a tolerogenic-like dendritic cell phenotype with altered endosomal structures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7648-7666. [PMID: 33928963 PMCID: PMC8087175 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) shape immune responses by influencing T-cell activation. Thus, they are considered both an interesting model for studying nano-immune interactions and a promising target for nano-based biomedical applications. However, the accentuated ability of nanoparticles (NPs) to interact with biomolecules may have an impact on DC function that poses an unexpected risk of unbalanced immune reactions. Here, we investigated the potential effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on DC function and the consequences for effector and memory T-cell responses in the presence of the microbial inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Overall, we found that, in the absence of LPS, none of the tested NPs induced a DC response. However, whereas 4-, 8-, and 11 nm AuNPs did not modulate LPS-dependent immune responses, 26 nm AuNPs shifted the phenotype of LPS-activated DCs toward a tolerogenic state, characterized by downregulation of CD86, IL-12 and IL-27, upregulation of ILT3, and induction of class E compartments. Moreover, this DC phenotype was less proficient in promoting Th1 activation and central memory T-cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings support the perception that AuNPs are safe under homeostatic conditions; however, particular care should be taken in patients experiencing a current infection or disorders of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Michelini
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Insitut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Philip Steiner
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Thomas Verwanger
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ancuela Andosch
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Victor F Puntes
- Insitut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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21
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Expansion of CD4 T Lymphocytes Expressing Interleukin 17 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030220. [PMID: 33808804 PMCID: PMC8003656 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have investigated the distribution of the Th1, Th2 and Th17 subsets in circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes and their naïve (TN), effector (TE), central (TCM) and effector memory (TEM) activation/differentiation stages in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Thirty MDD patients and 30 healthy controls were studied. The counts of circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes and their distribution on the TN, TE, TCM and TEM activation/differentiation stages were analyzed by polychromatic flow cytometry. The intracytoplasmic interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-17A and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and membrane CD28 expression were also measured. The serum IFNγ, IL-4, Il-17A and TNF-alpha were measured by Luminex, respectively. RESULTS MDD patients had normal counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes and of their TN, TCM and TEM subsets but increased number and percentage of TE CD4+ subset. CD4+ T lymphocytes had significantly enhanced percentage of cells that express IL-17 and TNF-alpha explained by the expansions found in the TN, TCM and, TEM and TCM, TEM and TE activation/differentiation stages, respectively. A selective increase in the percentages of TCM and TEM expressing IFNγ was also observed. We found a significant correlation between the percentages of CD4+ T lymphocytes expressing IFNγ and TNF-alpha in these patients. MDD patients showed increased serum levels of IL-17 and TNF-alpha, but normal IFNγ and IL-4 concentration. LIMITATIONS the cross-sectional nature of the study could be considered a limitation. CONCLUSIONS MDD patients have abnormal circulating CD4+ T lymphocytes with expansion of the IL-17 and TNF-alpha expressing cells as well as increased levels of circulating IL-17 and TNF-alpha.
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22
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Innate and Adaptive Immune Correlates of Chronic and Self-limiting EBV DNAemia in Solid-organ Transplant Recipients. Transplantation 2021; 104:2373-2382. [PMID: 31985732 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNAemia is a major risk factor for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder; however, immune correlates of EBV DNAemia in the transplant setting are limited. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 30 transplant recipients with self-limiting EBV DNAemia (SLD; n = 11) or chronic EBV DNAemia (CD; n = 19) at enrollment and 4-8 weeks later. Mass cytometry was used to characterize innate and T-cell immune correlates of EBV DNAemia. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to measure the frequency of EBV-specific T-cell responses between groups following stimulation with an EBV-infected cell lysate. RESULTS Unsupervised analysis of the innate compartment (CD3CD19 cells) identified 5 CD11c clusters at higher abundance in the SLD group (false discovery rate ≤ 1%). These clusters expressed CD11b, CD45RO, CD14, CD123, CD127, and CD38, among others. Unsupervised profiling of the T-cell compartment (CD3CD19) revealed 2 CD4 T-cell clusters at higher frequency among those with SLD (false discovery rate ≤ 1%), which expressed CD45RA, CCR7, CD27, CD28, and CD40L-suggestive of a naive T cell (TN). Manual biaxial gating confirmed increased frequencies of conventional dendritic cells (3.1% versus 2.1%; P = 0.023) and CD4 TN (4.4% versus 1.9%; P = 0.018) among those with SLD. Last, frequencies of interferon-γ-producing EBV-specific CD4 T cells were significantly lower in the CD group relative to those with SLD (4243 versus 250 cells/10 cells; P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS CD is associated with a reduction of CD11c cells, CD4 TN, and interferon-γ-producing EBV-specific CD4 T cells, suggesting an interplay between innate and adaptive immune compartments may be important for regulating EBV DNAemia.
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23
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Gu XX, Jin Y, Fu T, Zhang XM, Li T, Yang Y, Li R, Zhou W, Guo JX, Zhao R, Li JJ, Dong C, Gu ZF. Relevant Characteristics Analysis Using Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning Based on Phenotypes and T-Cell Subsets in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients With Anxiety. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:793505. [PMID: 34955935 PMCID: PMC8703039 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.793505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is frequently observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the immune system could act as a trigger for anxiety. To recognize abnormal T-cell and B-cell subsets for SLE patients with anxiety, in this study, patient disease phenotypes data from electronic lupus symptom records were extracted by using natural language processing. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to distinguish patients, and 107 patients were selected to meet research requirements. Then, peripheral blood was collected from two patient groups for multicolor flow cytometry experiments. The characteristics of 75 T-cell and 15 B-cell subsets were investigated between SLE patients with- (n = 23) and without-anxiety (n = 84) groups by four machine learning methods. The findings showed 13 T-cell subsets were significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, BMI, fatigue, depression, unstable emotions, CD27+CD28+ Th/Treg, CD27-CD28- Th/Treg, CD45RA-CD27- Th, and CD45RA+HLADR+ Th cells may be important characteristics between SLE patients with- and without-anxiety groups. The findings not only point out the difference of T-cell subsets in SLE patients with or without anxiety, but also imply that T cells might play the important role in patients with anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Li
- Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Xin Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Joint Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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24
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Circulating Cytokines and Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients Who Have Recovered from COVID-19. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7570981. [PMID: 33274223 PMCID: PMC7695995 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7570981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the immune status of people who previously had COVID-19 infections, we recruited two-week postrecovery patients and analyzed circulating cytokine and lymphocyte subsets. We measured levels of total lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD56+ NK cells and the serum concentrations of interleukin- (IL-) 1, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) by flow cytometry. We found that in most postrecovery patients, levels of total lymphocytes (66.67%), CD3+ T cells (54.55%), CD4+ T cells (54.55%), CD8+ T cells (81.82%), CD19+ B cells (69.70%), and CD56+ NK cells (51.52%) remained lower than normal, whereas most patients showed normal levels of IL-2 (100%), IL-4 (80.88%), IL-6 (79.41%), IL-10 (98.53%), TNF-α (89.71%), IFN-γ (100%), and IL-17 (97.06%). Compared to healthy controls, two-week postrecovery patients had significantly lower absolute numbers of total lymphocytes, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, and CD56+ NK cells, along with significantly higher levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17. Among postrecovery patients, T cells, particularly CD4+ T cells, were positively correlated with CD19+ B cell counts. Additionally, CD8+ T cells were positively correlated with CD4+ T cells and IL-2 levels, and IL-6 positively correlated with TNF-α and IFN-γ. These correlations were not observed in healthy controls. By ROC curve analysis, postrecovery decreases in lymphocyte subsets and increases in cytokines were identified as independent predictors of rehabilitation efficacy. These findings indicate that the immune system gradually recovers following COVID-19 infection; however, the sustained hyperinflammatory response for more than 14 days suggests a need to continue medical observation following discharge from the hospital. Longitudinal studies of a larger cohort of recovered patients are needed to fully understand the consequences of the infection.
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25
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Latency-Reversing Agents Induce Differential Responses in Distinct Memory CD4 T Cell Subsets in Individuals on Antiretroviral Therapy. Cell Rep 2020; 29:2783-2795.e5. [PMID: 31775045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.10.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Latent proviruses persist in central (TCM), transitional (TTM), and effector (TEM) memory cells. We measured the levels of cellular factors involved in HIV gene expression in these subsets. The highest levels of acetylated H4, active nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and active positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) were measured in TEM, TCM, and TTM cells, respectively. Vorinostat and romidepsin display opposite abilities to induce H4 acetylation across subsets. Protein kinase C (PKC) agonists are more efficient at inducing NF-κB phosphorylation in TCM cells but more potent at activating PTEF-b in the TEM subset. We selected the most efficient latency-reversing agents (LRAs) and measured their ability to reverse latency in each subset. While ingenol alone has modest activities in the three subsets, its combination with a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) dramatically increases latency reversal in TCM cells. Altogether, these results indicate that cellular HIV reservoirs are differentially responsive to common LRAs and suggest that combination of compounds will be required to achieve latency reversal in all subsets.
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26
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Methrotexate Treatment Inmunomodulates Abnormal Cytokine Expression by T CD4 Lymphocytes Present in DMARD-Naïve Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186847. [PMID: 32961930 PMCID: PMC7555887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+T-lymphocytes are relevant in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), however, their potential involvement in early RA remains elusive. Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), but its mechanism has not been fully established. In 47 new-onset DMARD-naïve RA patients, we investigated the pattern of IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-17A expression by naïve (TN), central (TCM), effector memory (TEM) and effector (TE) CD4+ subsets; their STAT-1, STAT-6 and STAT-3 transcription factors phosphorylation, and the circulating levels of IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-17. We also studied the RA patients after 3 and 6 months of MTX treatment and according their clinical response. CD4+T-lymphocyte subsets and cytokine expression were measured using flow cytometry. New-onset DMARD-naïve RA patients showed a significant expansion of IL-17A+, IFNγ+ and IL-17A+IFNγ+ CD4+T-lymphocyte subsets and increased intracellular STAT-1 and STAT-3 phosphorylation. Under basal conditions, nonresponder patients showed increased numbers of circulating IL-17A producing TN and TMC CD4+T-lymphocytes and IFNγ producing TN, TCM, TEM CD4+T-lymphocytes with respect to responders. After 6 months, the numbers of CD4+IL-17A+TN remained significantly increased in nonresponders. In conclusion, CD4+T-lymphocytes in new-onset DMARD-naïve RA patients show IL-17A and IFNγ abnormalities in TN, indicating their relevant role in early disease pathogenesis. Different patterns of CD4+ modulation are identified in MTX responders and nonresponders.
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27
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Piatosa B, Wolska-Kuśnierz B, Tkaczyk K, Heropolitanska-Pliszka E, Grycuk U, Wakulinska A, Gregorek H. T Lymphocytes in Patients With Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome Demonstrate Features of Exhaustion and Senescence in Flow Cytometric Evaluation of Maturation Pathway. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1319. [PMID: 32695108 PMCID: PMC7338427 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) suffer from recurrent infections due to humoral and cellular immune deficiency. Despite low number of T lymphocytes and their maturation defect, the clinical manifestations of cell-mediated deficiency are not as severe as in case of patients with other types of combined immune deficiencies and similar T cell lymphopenia. In this study, multicolor flow cytometry was used for evaluation of peripheral T lymphocyte maturation according to the currently known differentiation pathway, in 46 patients with genetically confirmed NBS and 46 sex and age-matched controls. Evaluation of differential expression of CD27, CD31, CD45RA, CD95, and CD197 revealed existence of cell subsets so far not described in NBS patients. Although recent thymic emigrants and naïve T lymphocyte cell populations were significantly lower, the generation of antigen-primed T cells was similar or even greater in NBS patients than in healthy controls. Moreover, the senescent and exhausted T cell populations defined by expression of CD57, KLRG1, and PD1 were more numerous than in healthy people. Although this hypothesis needs further investigations, such properties might be related to an increased susceptibility to malignancy and milder clinical course than expected in view of T cell lymphopenia in patients with NBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Piatosa
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Tkaczyk
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Urszula Grycuk
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wakulinska
- Department of Oncology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Gregorek
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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28
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Bacteria and cancer: Different sides of the same coin. Life Sci 2020; 246:117398. [PMID: 32032647 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Conventional cancer therapies such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy due to the complexity of cancer have been unsuccessful in the complete eradication of tumor cells. Thus, there is a need for new therapeutic strategies toward cancer. Recently, the therapeutic role of bacteria in different fields of medicine and pharmaceutical research has attracted attention in recent decades. Although several bacteria are notorious as cancer-causing agents, recent research revealed intriguing results suggesting the bacterial potential in cancer therapy. Thus, bacterial cancer therapy is an alternative anticancer approach that has promising results on tumor cells in-vivo. Moreover, with the aid of genetic engineering, some natural or genetically modified bacterial strains can directly target hypoxic regions of tumors and secrete therapeutic molecules leading to cancer cell death. Additionally, stimulation of immune cells by bacteria, bacterial cancer DNA vaccine and antitumor bacterial metabolites are other therapeutic applications of bacteria in cancer therapy. The present study is a comprehensive review of different aspects of bacterial cancer therapy alone and in combination with conventional methods, for improving cancer therapy.
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29
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Kwon KJ, Timmons AE, Sengupta S, Simonetti FR, Zhang H, Hoh R, Deeks SG, Siliciano JD, Siliciano RF. Different human resting memory CD4 + T cell subsets show similar low inducibility of latent HIV-1 proviruses. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaax6795. [PMID: 31996465 PMCID: PMC7875249 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The latent reservoir of HIV-1 in resting CD4+ T cells is a major barrier to cure. It is unclear whether the latent reservoir resides principally in particular subsets of CD4+ T cells, a finding that would have implications for understanding its stability and developing curative therapies. Recent work has shown that proliferation of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells is a major factor in the generation and persistence of the latent reservoir and that latently infected T cells that have clonally expanded in vivo can proliferate in vitro without producing virions. In certain CD4+ memory T cell subsets, the provirus may be in a deeper state of latency, allowing the cell to proliferate without producing viral proteins, thus permitting escape from immune clearance. To evaluate this possibility, we used a multiple stimulation viral outgrowth assay to culture resting naïve, central memory (TCM), transitional memory (TTM), and effector memory (TEM) CD4+ T cells from 10 HIV-1-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy. On average, only 1.7% of intact proviruses across all T cell subsets were induced to transcribe viral genes and release replication-competent virus after stimulation of the cells. We found no consistent enrichment of intact or inducible proviruses in any T cell subset. Furthermore, we observed notable plasticity among the canonical memory T cell subsets after activation in vitro and saw substantial person-to-person variability in the inducibility of infectious virus release. This finding complicates the vision for a targeted approach for HIV-1 cure based on T cell memory subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungyoon J Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew E Timmons
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srona Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco R Simonetti
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Flow Cytometry and Immunology Core, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet D Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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30
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Differentiation into an Effector Memory Phenotype Potentiates HIV-1 Latency Reversal in CD4 + T Cells. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00969-19. [PMID: 31578289 PMCID: PMC6880164 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00969-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By performing phenotypic analysis of latency reversal in CD4+ T cells from virally suppressed individuals, we identify the TEM subset as the largest contributor to the inducible HIV reservoir. Differential responses of memory CD4+ T cell subsets to latency-reversing agents (LRAs) demonstrate that HIV gene expression is associated with heightened expression of transcriptional pathways associated with differentiation, acquisition of effector function, and cell cycle entry. In vitro modeling of the latent HIV reservoir in memory CD4+ T cell subsets identify LRAs that reverse latency with ranges of efficiency and specificity. We found that therapeutic induction of latency reversal is associated with upregulation of identical sets of TEM-associated genes and cell surface markers shown to be associated with latency reversal in our ex vivo and in vitro models. Together, these data support the idea that the effector memory phenotype supports HIV latency reversal in CD4+ T cells. During antiretroviral therapy (ART), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) persists as a latent reservoir in CD4+ T cell subsets in central memory (TCM), transitional memory (TTM), and effector memory (TEM) CD4+ T cells. We have identified differences in mechanisms underlying latency and responses to latency-reversing agents (LRAs) in ex vivo CD4+ memory T cells from virally suppressed HIV-infected individuals and in an in vitro primary cell model of HIV-1 latency. Our ex vivo and in vitro results demonstrate the association of transcriptional pathways of T cell differentiation, acquisition of effector function, and cell cycle entry in response to LRAs. Analyses of memory cell subsets showed that effector memory pathways and cell surface markers of activation and proliferation in the TEM subset are predictive of higher frequencies of cells carrying an inducible reservoir. Transcriptional profiling also demonstrated that the epigenetic machinery (known to control latency and reactivation) in the TEM subset is associated with frequencies of cells with HIV-integrated DNA and inducible HIV multispliced RNA. TCM cells were triggered to differentiate into TEM cells when they were exposed to LRAs, and this increase of TEM subset frequencies upon LRA stimulation was positively associated with higher numbers of p24+ cells. Together, these data highlight differences in underlying biological latency control in different memory CD4+ T cell subsets which harbor latent HIV in vivo and support a role for differentiation into a TEM phenotype in facilitating latency reversal. IMPORTANCE By performing phenotypic analysis of latency reversal in CD4+ T cells from virally suppressed individuals, we identify the TEM subset as the largest contributor to the inducible HIV reservoir. Differential responses of memory CD4+ T cell subsets to latency-reversing agents (LRAs) demonstrate that HIV gene expression is associated with heightened expression of transcriptional pathways associated with differentiation, acquisition of effector function, and cell cycle entry. In vitro modeling of the latent HIV reservoir in memory CD4+ T cell subsets identify LRAs that reverse latency with ranges of efficiency and specificity. We found that therapeutic induction of latency reversal is associated with upregulation of identical sets of TEM-associated genes and cell surface markers shown to be associated with latency reversal in our ex vivo and in vitro models. Together, these data support the idea that the effector memory phenotype supports HIV latency reversal in CD4+ T cells.
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Dagenais-Lussier X, Loucif H, Cadorel H, Blumberger J, Isnard S, Bego MG, Cohen ÉA, Routy JP, van Grevenynghe J. USP18 is a significant driver of memory CD4 T-cell reduced viability caused by type I IFN signaling during primary HIV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008060. [PMID: 31658294 PMCID: PMC6837632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of Memory CD4 T-cells (Mem) is a major hallmark of HIV-1 immuno-pathogenesis and occurs early during the first months of primary infection. A lot of effort has been put into understanding the molecular mechanisms behind this loss, yet they still have not been fully identified. In this study, we unveil the unreported role of USP18 in the deleterious effects of sustained type I IFN signaling on Mem, including HIV-1-specific CD4 T-cells. We find that interfering with IFN-I signaling pathway in infected patients, notably by targeting the interferon-stimulated gene USP18, resulted in reduced PTEN expression similar to those observed in uninfected control donors. We show that AKT activation in response to cytokine treatment, T-cell receptor (TcR) triggering, as well as HIV-1 Gag stimulation was significantly improved in infected patients when PTEN or USP18 were inhibited. Finally, our data demonstrate that higher USP18 in Mem from infected patients prevent proper cell survival and long-lasting maintenance in an AKT-dependent manner. Altogether, we establish a direct role for type I IFN/USP18 signaling in the maintenance of total and virus-specific Mem and provide a new mechanism for the reduced survival of these populations during primary HIV-1 infection. In this study, we expend our knowledge of how type I interferons (IFN-I) leads to memory CD4 T-cell defective survival by unveiling the molecular mechanism behind such impairments, placing USP18 at its center. Our data further deciphers the specific USP18-related mechanism that is responsible for such impairments by implicating AKT inhibition in a PTEN-dependent manner. Our findings also point to a potential use of neutralizing anti-interferon α/β receptor antibodies to rescue the defective memory CD4 T-cell survival during HIV-1 infection, even in HIV-1 specific CD4 T-cell. To conclude, our findings provide the characterization of the molecular pathway leading to disturbances caused by sustained IFN-I signaling which occurs early during primary HIV-1 infection, complementing current knowledge which placed sustained IFN-I signaling as detrimental to the host during this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Dagenais-Lussier
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Hamza Loucif
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Hugo Cadorel
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Juliette Blumberger
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Isnard
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariana Gé Bego
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric A. Cohen
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Illness Service and Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen site, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Julien van Grevenynghe
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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The Abnormal CD4+T Lymphocyte Subset Distribution and Vbeta Repertoire in New-onset Rheumatoid Arthritis Can Be Modulated by Methotrexate Treament. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080871. [PMID: 31405169 PMCID: PMC6721760 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with long-term, treated, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) show abnormalities in their circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes, but whether this occurs in recently diagnosed naïve patients to disease-modifying drugs (DMARDs) is under discussion. These patients show heterogeneous clinical response to methotrexate (MTX) treatment. We have examined the count of circulating CD4+ T-lymphocytes, and their naïve (TN), central memory (TCM), effector memory (TEM) and effector (TE) subsets, CD28 expression and Vβ TCR repertoire distribution by polychromatic flow cytometry in a population of 68 DMARD-naïve recently diagnosed RA patients, before and after 3 and 6 months of MTX treatment. At pre-treatment baseline, patients showed an expansion of the counts of CD4+ TN, TEM, TE and TCM lymphocyte subsets, and of total CD4+CD28− cells and of the TE subset with a different pattern of numbers in MTX responder and non-responders. The expansion of CD4+TEM lymphocytes showed a predictive value of MTX non-response. MTX treatment was associated to different modifications in the counts of the CD4+ subsets and of the Vβ TCR repertoire family distribution and in the level of CD28 expression in responders and non-responders. In conclusion, the disturbance of CD4+ lymphocytes is already found in DMARD-naïve RA patients with different patterns of alterations in MTX responders and non-responders.
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Alonso-Guallart P, Zitsman JS, Stern J, Kofman SB, Woodland D, Ho SH, Sondermeijer HP, Bühler L, Griesemer A, Sykes M, Duran-Struuck R. Characterization, biology, and expansion of regulatory T cells in the Cynomolgus macaque for preclinical studies. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2186-2198. [PMID: 30768842 PMCID: PMC6658340 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Reliable in vitro expansion protocols of regulatory T cells (Tregs) are needed for clinical use. We studied the biology of Mauritian Cynomolgus macaque (MCM) Tregs and developed four in vitro Treg expansion protocols for translational studies. Tregs expanded 3000-fold when artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) expressing human CD80, CD58 and CD32 were used throughout the culture. When donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were used as the single source of APCs followed by aAPCs, Tregs expanded 2000-fold. Tregs from all protocols suppressed the proliferation of anti-CD2CD3CD28 bead-stimulated autologous PBMCs albeit with different potencies, varying from 1:2-1:4 Treg:PBMC ratios, up to >1:32. Reculture of cryopreserved Tregs permitted reexpansion with improved suppressive activity. Occasionally, CD8 contamination was observed and resolved by resorting. Specificity studies showed greater suppression of stimulation by anti-CD2CD3CD28 beads of PBMCs from the same donor used for stimulation during the Treg cultures and of autologous cells than of third-party PBMC responders. Similar to humans, the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR) within the Foxp3 locus correlated with suppressive activity and expression of Foxp3. Contrary to humans, FoxP3 expression did not correlate with CD45RA or CD127 expression. In summary, we have characterized MCM Tregs and developed four Treg expansion protocols that can be used for preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Alonso-Guallart
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonah S. Zitsman
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey Stern
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sigal B. Kofman
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David Woodland
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Siu-Hong Ho
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hugo P. Sondermeijer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Current address; Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo Bühler
- Current address; Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adam Griesemer
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Megan Sykes
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Raimon Duran-Struuck
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Current address; Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Sinha D, Kumar A, Kumar H, Bandyopadhyay S, Sengupta D. dropClust: efficient clustering of ultra-large scRNA-seq data. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e36. [PMID: 29361178 PMCID: PMC5888655 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Droplet based single cell transcriptomics has recently enabled parallel screening of tens of thousands of single cells. Clustering methods that scale for such high dimensional data without compromising accuracy are scarce. We exploit Locality Sensitive Hashing, an approximate nearest neighbour search technique to develop a de novo clustering algorithm for large-scale single cell data. On a number of real datasets, dropClust outperformed the existing best practice methods in terms of execution time, clustering accuracy and detectability of minor cell sub-types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Sinha
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108, West Bengal, India.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700098, West Bengal, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Kumar
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Debarka Sengupta
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology, Delhi 110020, India
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Schäfer A, Hühr J, Schwaiger T, Dorhoi A, Mettenleiter TC, Blome S, Schröder C, Blohm U. Porcine Invariant Natural Killer T Cells: Functional Profiling and Dynamics in Steady State and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1380. [PMID: 31316500 PMCID: PMC6611438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are important livestock and comprehensive understanding of their immune responses in infections is critical to improve vaccines and therapies. Moreover, similarities between human and swine physiology suggest that pigs are a superior animal model for immunological studies. However, paucity of experimental tools for a systematic analysis of the immune responses in pigs represent a major disadvantage. To evaluate the pig as a biomedical model and additionally expand the knowledge of rare immune cell populations in swine, we established a multicolor flow cytometry analysis platform of surface marker expression and cellular responses for porcine invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT). In humans, iNKT cells are among the first line defenders in various tissues, respond to CD1d-restricted antigens and become rapidly activated. Naïve porcine iNKT cells were CD3+/CD4−/CD8+ or CD3+/CD4−/CD8− and displayed an effector- or memory-like phenotype (CD25+/ICOS+/CD5hi/CD45RA−/CCR7 ± /CD27+). Based on their expression of the transcription factors T bet and the iNKT cell-specific promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF), porcine iNKT cells were differentiated into functional subsets. Analogous to human iNKT cells, in vitro stimulation of porcine leukocytes with the CD1d ligand α-galactosylceramide resulted in rapid iNKT cell proliferation, evidenced by an increase in frequency and Ki-67 expression. Moreover, this approach revealed CD25, CD5, ICOS, and the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) as activation markers on porcine iNKT cells. Activated iNKT cells also expressed interferon-γ, upregulated perforin expression, and displayed degranulation. In steady state, iNKT cell frequency was highest in newborn piglets and decreased with age. Upon infection with two viruses of high relevance to swine and humans, iNKT cells expanded. Animals infected with African swine fever virus displayed an increase of iNKT cell frequency in peripheral blood, regional lymph nodes, and lungs. During Influenza A virus infection, iNKT cell percentage increased in blood, lung lymph nodes, and broncho-alveolar lavage. Our in-depth characterization of porcine iNKT cells contributes to a better understanding of porcine immune responses, thereby facilitating the design of innovative interventions against infectious diseases. Moreover, we provide new evidence that endorses the suitability of the pig as a biomedical model for iNKT cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jane Hühr
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Lafrenie RM, Speigl L, Buckner CA, Pawelec G, Conlon MS, Shipp C. Frequency of Immune Cell Subtypes in Peripheral Blood Correlates With Outcome for Patients With Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With High-Dose Chemotherapy. Clin Breast Cancer 2019; 19:433-442. [PMID: 31383605 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of circulating leukocytes has been shown to be a prognostic factor in patients being treated for different types of cancer. In breast cancer, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes may predict patient outcome, but few studies have investigated such associations for circulating leukocytes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to examine the immunophenotypes of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 88 patients with metastatic breast cancer, which was then correlated to breast cancer-specific survival. Patients had been treated either with high-dose cyclophosphamide-containing regimens (group 1, n = 51 patients) or high-dose paclitaxel-containing regimens (group 2, n = 37 patients). RESULTS The frequency of peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes indicated prognosis for patients in group 1 (but not group 2), while higher levels of CD11c+ dendritic cells indicated a better prognosis for patients in group 2 (but not group 1). The frequency of a number of different CD4+ or CD8+ T cell subtypes also predicted prognosis for patients in group 2. For example, patients in group 2 with a higher frequency of circulating CD4+ or CD8+ naive T cells (CD45RA+CD95-CD27+CD28+) showed a poorer prognosis. In contrast, T cells were not associated with prognosis for patients in group 1. CONCLUSION Circulating leukocytes can predict clinical outcome for patients with breast cancer. Prediction of clinical outcome in this cohort of metastatic breast cancer patients was specific to the type of chemotherapy, and this finding is likely to apply to other therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Lafrenie
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lisa Speigl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carly A Buckner
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael S Conlon
- Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Shipp
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kuznetsova M, Lopatnikova J, Shevchenko J, Silkov A, Maksyutov A, Sennikov S. Cytotoxic Activity and Memory T Cell Subset Distribution of in vitro-Stimulated CD8 + T Cells Specific for HER2/neu Epitopes. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1017. [PMID: 31143180 PMCID: PMC6520647 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimal residual disease remaining after resection of primary tumors can lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis, increasing mortality and morbidity rates among cancer patients. Thus, there is a need for new technologies for recognition and elimination of single cancer cells remaining in a patient's body after radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgical resection. Effector CD8+ T cells, also commonly known as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), play a key role in antitumor cellular immunity and, when properly activated, are able to effectively destroy tumor cells. The aims of this study were to obtain CD8+ CTLs specific for the HER2/neu epitopes E75 and E88 and to assess the cytotoxic activity and composition of these cells in terms of the distribution of memory T-cell subsets. We obtained HER2-specific CD8+ T cells and assessed T cell subset distribution among them including naive T cells (TN), central memory T cells (TCM), effector memory T cells (TEM), stem cell-like memory T cells (TSCM) and terminally-differentiated T cells (TEMRA) via eight-color flow cytometry. HER2-specific CTLs were largely (~40–50%) represented by TSCM cells, a population capable of mounting pronounced antitumor immune responses due to a combination of effector function and self-maintenance. In comparison with activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bulk CD8+ T cells, HER2-specific CTLs exhibited greater cytotoxicity against the HER2-expressing human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and produced higher levels of IFN-γ in response to tumor cells. We also showed the presence of HER2-specific CTLs in healthy individuals and increase in them in HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Collectively, our results suggest that HER2-specific CD8+ T cells isolated using this approach could be used for adoptive T-cell transfer to eliminate tumor cells and prevent metastasis and relapse in patients with HER2-overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Lopatnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Silkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Amir Maksyutov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia.,State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Mangare C, Tischer-Zimmermann S, Riese SB, Dragon AC, Prinz I, Blasczyk R, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Eiz-Vesper B. Robust Identification of Suitable T-Cell Subsets for Personalized CMV-Specific T-Cell Immunotherapy Using CD45RA and CD62L Microbeads. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061415. [PMID: 30897843 PMCID: PMC6471767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections and reactivations remain a serious obstacle to successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). When antiviral drug treatment fails, adoptive virus-specific T-cell transfer provides an effective alternative. Assuming that naive T cells (TN) are mainly responsible for GvHD, methods were developed to generate naive T-cell-depleted products while preserving immune memory against viral infections. We compared two major strategies to deplete potentially alloreactive T cells: CD45RA and CD62L depletion and analyzed phenotype and functionality of the resulting CD45RA-/CD62L- naive T-cell-depleted as well as CD45RA⁺/CD62L⁺ naive T-cell-enriched fractions in the CMV pp65 and IE1 antigen model. CD45RA depletion resulted in loss of terminally differentiated effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA), and CD62L depletion in loss of central memory T cells (TCM). Based on these differences in target cell-dependent and target cell-independent assays, antigen-specific T-cell responses in CD62L-depleted fraction were consistently 3⁻5 fold higher than those in CD45RA-depleted fraction. Interestingly, we also observed high donor variability in the CD45RA-depleted fraction, resulting in a substantial loss of immune memory. Accordingly, we identified donors with expected response (DER) and unexpected response (DUR). Taken together, our results showed that a naive T-cell depletion method should be chosen individually, based on the immunophenotypic composition of the T-cell populations present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mangare
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sebastian B Riese
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Anna C Dragon
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Verhagen FH, Hiddingh S, Rijken R, Pandit A, Leijten E, Olde Nordkamp M, Ten Dam-van Loon NH, Nierkens S, Imhof SM, de Boer JH, Radstake TRDJ, Kuiper JJW. High-Dimensional Profiling Reveals Heterogeneity of the Th17 Subset and Its Association With Systemic Immunomodulatory Treatment in Non-infectious Uveitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2519. [PMID: 30429855 PMCID: PMC6220365 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is a severe intra ocular inflammation, which frequently requires prompt systemic immunosuppressive therapy (IMT) to halt the development of vision-threatening complications. IMT is considered when NIU cannot be treated with corticosteroids alone, which is unpredictable in advance. Previous studies have linked blood cell subsets to glucocorticoid sensitivity, which suggests that the composition of blood leukocytes may early identify patients that will require IMT. Objective: To map the blood leukocyte composition of NIU and identify cell subsets that stratify patients that required IMT during follow-up. Methods: We performed controlled flow cytometry experiments measuring a total of 37 protein markers in the blood of 30 IMT free patients with active non-infectious anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis, and compared these to 15 age and sex matched healthy controls. Results from manual gating were validated by automatic unsupervised gating using FlowSOM. Results: Patients with uveitis displayed lower relative frequencies of Natural Killer cells and higher relative frequencies of memory T cells, in particular the CCR6+ lineages. These results were confirmed by automatic gating by unsupervised clustering using FlowSOM. We observed considerable heterogeneity in memory T cell subsets and abundance of CXCR3-CCR6+ (Th17) cells between the uveitis subtypes. Importantly, regardless of the uveitis subtype, patients that eventually required IMT in the course of the study follow-up exhibited increased CCR6+ T cell abundance before commencing therapy. Conclusion: High-dimensional immunoprofiling in NIU patients shows that clinically distinct forms of human NIU exhibit shared as well as unique immune cell perturbations in the peripheral blood and link CCR6+ T cell abundance to systemic immunomodulatory treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleurieke H Verhagen
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sanne Hiddingh
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rianne Rijken
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aridaman Pandit
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Emmerik Leijten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michel Olde Nordkamp
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ninette H Ten Dam-van Loon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Imhof
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joke H de Boer
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jonas J W Kuiper
- Ophthalmo-Immunology Unit, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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Campbell JD, Fraser AR. Flow cytometric assays for identity, safety and potency of cellular therapies. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2018; 94:569-579. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mahanonda R, Champaiboon C, Subbalekha K, Sa‐Ard‐Iam N, Yongyuth A, Isaraphithakkul B, Rerkyen P, Charatkulangkun O, Pichyangkul S. Memory T cell subsets in healthy gingiva and periodontitis tissues. J Periodontol 2018; 89:1121-1130. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rangsini Mahanonda
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Immunology LaboratoryFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Research Unit for Immunopathological / Clinical Research in Periodontal DiseaseFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Keskanya Subbalekha
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial SurgeryFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Noppadol Sa‐Ard‐Iam
- Immunology LaboratoryFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Research Unit for Immunopathological / Clinical Research in Periodontal DiseaseFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Arsarn Yongyuth
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Pimprapa Rerkyen
- Immunology LaboratoryFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
- Research Unit for Immunopathological / Clinical Research in Periodontal DiseaseFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Orawan Charatkulangkun
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sathit Pichyangkul
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryChulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
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Tompa A, Nilsson-Bowers A, Faresjö M. Subsets of CD4+, CD8+, and CD25hi Lymphocytes Are in General Not Influenced by Isolation and Long-Term Cryopreservation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:1799-1809. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Circulating CXCR5-Expressing CD8+ T-Cells Are Major Producers of IL-21 and Associate With Limited HIV Replication. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2018; 78:473-482. [DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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44
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Kaimala S, Al-Sbiei A, Cabral-Marques O, Fernandez-Cabezudo MJ, Al-Ramadi BK. Attenuated Bacteria as Immunotherapeutic Tools for Cancer Treatment. Front Oncol 2018; 8:136. [PMID: 29765907 PMCID: PMC5938341 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of attenuated bacteria as cancer therapeutic tools has garnered increasing scientific interest over the past 10 years. This is largely due to the development of bacterial strains that maintain good anti-tumor efficacy, but with reduced potential to cause toxicities to the host. Because of its ability to replicate in viable as well as necrotic tissue, cancer therapy using attenuated strains of facultative anaerobic bacteria, such as Salmonella, has several advantages over standard treatment modalities, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Despite some findings suggesting that it may operate through a direct cytotoxic effect against cancer cells, there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that bacterial therapy acts by modulating cells of the immune system to counter the growth of the tumor. Herein, we review the experimental evidence underlying the success of bacterial immunotherapy against cancer and highlight the cellular and molecular alterations in the peripheral immune system and within the tumor microenvironment that have been reported following different forms of bacterial therapy. Our improved understanding of these mechanisms should greatly aid in the translational application of bacterial therapy to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh Kaimala
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ashraf Al-Sbiei
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Otavio Cabral-Marques
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Fernandez-Cabezudo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Basel K Al-Ramadi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Müller N, Landwehr K, Langeveld K, Stenzel J, Pouwels W, van der Hoorn MA, Seifried E, Bonig H. Generation of alloreactivity-reduced donor lymphocyte products retaining memory function by fully automatic depletion of CD45RA-positive cells. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:532-542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Improved Expansion and In Vivo Function of Patient T Cells by a Serum-free Medium. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2017; 8:65-74. [PMID: 29687031 PMCID: PMC5907749 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Improvements to T cell culture systems that promote long-term engraftment and function of adoptively transferred T cells will likely result in superior clinical benefit to more individuals. To this end, we recently developed a chemically defined cell culture medium that robustly expands all T cell subsets in the absence of human serum. Using a humanized mouse model, we observed that T cells expanded in the absence of human serum provided durable control of tumors, whereas T cells expanded in medium supplemented with human serum only mediated transient control of tumor growth. Importantly, our new medium effectively expanded more differentiated T cells from multiple myeloma patients in the absence of serum. These patient-derived T cells were also able to provide durable control of B cell tumors in vivo, and this long-term control of cancer was lost when T cells were expanded in the presence of serum. Thus, engineered T cells expanded in an optimized medium in the absence of serum may have improved therapeutic potential.
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Khan S, Telwatte S, Trapecar M, Yukl S, Sanjabi S. Differentiating Immune Cell Targets in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue for HIV Cure. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:S40-S58. [PMID: 28882067 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2017.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The single greatest challenge to an HIV cure is the persistence of latently infected cells containing inducible, replication-competent proviral genomes, which constitute only a small fraction of total or infected cells in the body. Although resting CD4+ T cells in the blood are a well-known source of viral rebound, more than 90% of the body's lymphocytes reside elsewhere. Many are in gut tissue, where HIV DNA levels per million CD4+ T cells are considerably higher than in the blood. Despite the significant contribution of gut tissue to viral replication and persistence, little is known about the cell types that support persistence of HIV in the gut; importantly, T cells in the gut have phenotypic, functional, and survival properties that are distinct from T cells in other tissues. The mechanisms by which latency is established and maintained will likely depend on the location and cytokine milieu surrounding the latently infected cells in each compartment. Therefore, successful HIV cure strategies require identification and characterization of the exact cell types that support viral persistence, particularly in the gut. In this review, we describe the seeding of the latent HIV reservoir in the gut mucosa; highlight the evidence for compartmentalization and depletion of T cells; summarize the immunologic consequences of HIV infection within the gut milieu; propose how the damaged gut environment may promote the latent HIV reservoir; and explore several immune cell targets in the gut and their place on the path toward HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzada Khan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California
| | - Sushama Telwatte
- San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Martin Trapecar
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California
| | - Steven Yukl
- San Francisco VA Health Care System and University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California
| | - Shomyseh Sanjabi
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Ceballos-Pomares J, Cuéllar-Rufino S, Vazquez-Ortega M, López-Dominguez J, Romero-Cruz V, Calderón-Garcidueñas A. Inmunología de la enfermedad de Chagas congénita. PERINATOLOGÍA Y REPRODUCCIÓN HUMANA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rprh.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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49
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Krüger K, Alack K, Ringseis R, Mink L, Pfeifer E, Schinle M, Gindler K, Kimmelmann L, Walscheid R, Muders K, Frech T, Eder K, Mooren FC. Apoptosis of T-Cell Subsets after Acute High-Intensity Interval Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 48:2021-9. [PMID: 27183117 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-intensity interval training (HIT) exercise has gained much interest in both performance and recreational sports. This study aims to compare the effect of HIT versus continuous (CONT) exercise with regard to changes of circulating T cells and progenitor cells. METHODS Subjects (n = 23) completed an HIT test and an isocaloric CONT test. Blood samples were collected before, immediately after, and 3 and 24 h postexercise for the assessment of low differentiated (CD3CD28CD57), highly differentiated T cells (CD3CD28CD57), regulatory T cells (Tregs) (CD4CD25CD127), hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD45CD34), and endothelial progenitor cells (CD45CD34KDR) by flow cytometry. The detection of apoptosis was performed by using labeling with annexin V. To analyze potential mechanisms affecting T cells, several hormones and metabolites were analyzed. RESULTS Both exercise tests induced an increase of catecholamines, cortisol, and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (P < 0.05). CONT induced a higher increase of apoptosis in low differentiated T cells compared with the HIT (CONT: 3.66% ± 0.21% to 6.48% ± 0.29%, P < 0.05; HIT: 3.43% ± 0.31% to 4.71% ± 0.33%), whereas HIT was followed by a higher rate of apoptotic highly differentiated T cells (CONT: 21.45% ± 1.23% to 25.32% ± 1.67%; HIT: 22.45% ± 1.37% to 27.12% ± 1.76%, P < 0.05). Regarding Tregs, HIT induced a mobilization, whereas CONT induced apoptosis in these cells (P < 0.05). The mobilization of progenitor cells did not differ between the exercise protocols. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HIT deletes mainly highly differentiated T cells known to affect immunity to control latent infections. By contrast, CONT deletes mainly low differentiated T cells and Tregs, which might affect defense against new infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Krüger
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, GERMANY; 2Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, GERMANY; and 3MVZ for Laboratory Medicine, Koblenz, GERMANY
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50
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Goldeck D, Theeten H, Hassouneh F, Oettinger L, Wistuba-Hamprecht K, Cools N, Tsitsilonis OE, Pawelec G. Frequencies of peripheral immune cells in older adults following seasonal influenza vaccination with an adjuvanted vaccine. Vaccine 2017; 35:4330-4338. [PMID: 28689651 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
As age increases, immune responses and consequently protection following vaccination to seasonal influenza is commonly believed to decrease. Possible drivers of this immune dysfunction include immunosenescence, repeated exposure to the same seasonal influenza antigens, and prior infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV). Here, to determine immune parameters distinguishing vaccine humoral responders (R) from non-responders (NR) following vaccination, we surveyed broad peripheral blood "cellular immune correlates" of older adults vaccinated with Fluad® (an adjuvanted subunit influenza vaccine containing strains H1N1, H3N2 and B). Phenotyping included αβ-T-cells, γδ-T-cells, B-cells and myeloid cells. The frequencies of most of these lymphocyte phenotypes were found to be similar in R and NR, although perhaps counterintuitively, one of the few differences seen between the two groups was higher frequencies of regulatory T-cells in R. These differences were more prominent for responses to the vaccine strains H1N1 and H3N2 than to the B strain, and in CMV-seropositive than CMV-seronegative elderly. Further, frequencies of early-differentiated CD4+ T-cells tended to be higher and frequencies of memory CD4+ T-cells tended to be lower in R than NR. There were also differences in B-cells, with higher frequencies in R compared to NR. To the best of our knowledge, these results are the first to report such differences in elderly people responding or failing to respond to adjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldeck
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Heidi Theeten
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Fakhri Hassouneh
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Immunology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Lilly Oettinger
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kilian Wistuba-Hamprecht
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for the Evaluation of Vaccination, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ourania E Tsitsilonis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Graham Pawelec
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany; Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, Canada
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