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Wang Z, Wang J. Innate lymphoid cells and gastrointestinal disease. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:763-770. [PMID: 34419616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of innate immune cells, which constitute the first line of defense in the immune system, together with skin and mucous membrane. ILCs also play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the body, particularly in the complex and diverse environment of the intestine. ILCs respond to different microenvironments, maintaining homeostasis directly or indirectly through cytokines. As a result, ILCs, with complex and pleiotropic characteristics, are associated with many gastrointestinal diseases. Their ability of transition among those subgroups makes them function as both promoting and inhibiting cells, thus affecting homeostasis and disease progressing to either alleviation or deterioration. With these special characteristics, ILCs theoretically can be used in the new generation of immunotherapy as an alternative and supplement to current tumor therapy. Our review summarizes the characteristics of ILCs with respect to category, function, and the relationship with intestinal homeostasis and gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, potential tumor immunotherapies involving ILCs are also discussed to shed light on the perspectives of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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2
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Castleman MJ, Dillon SM, Thompson TA, Santiago ML, McCarter MD, Barker E, Wilson CC. Gut Bacteria Induce Granzyme B Expression in Human Colonic ILC3s In Vitro in an IL-15-Dependent Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:3043-3052. [PMID: 34117105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in the gut mucosa have long been thought to be noncytotoxic lymphocytes that are critical for homeostasis of intestinal epithelial cells through secretion of IL-22. Recent work using human tonsillar cells demonstrated that ILC3s exposed to exogenous inflammatory cytokines for a long period of time acquired expression of granzyme B, suggesting that under pathological conditions ILC3s may become cytotoxic. We hypothesized that inflammation associated with bacterial exposure might trigger granzyme B expression in gut ILC3s. To test this, we exposed human colon lamina propria mononuclear cells to a panel of enteric bacteria. We found that the Gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacteria induced granzyme B expression in a subset of ILC3s that were distinct from IL-22-producing ILC3s. A fraction of granzyme B+ ILC3s coexpressed the cytolytic protein perforin. Granzyme B expression was mediated, in part, by IL-15 produced upon exposure to bacteria. ILC3s coexpressing all three IL-15R subunits (IL15Rα/β/γ) increased following bacterial stimulation, potentially allowing for cis presentation of IL-15 during bacterial exposure. Additionally, a large frequency of colonic myeloid dendritic cells expressed IL-15Rα, implicating myeloid dendritic cells in trans presentation of IL-15 to ILC3s. Tonsillar ILC3s minimally expressed granzyme B when exposed to the same bacteria or to rIL-15. Overall, these data establish the novel, to our knowledge, finding that human colonic ILC3s can express granzyme B in response to a subset of enteric bacteria through a process mediated by IL-15. These observations raise new questions about the multifunctional role of human gut ILC3s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah J Castleman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Stephanie M Dillon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Tezha A Thompson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Mario L Santiago
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Martin D McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Edward Barker
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Cara C Wilson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO;
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3
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Macleod BL, Elsaesser HJ, Snell LM, Dickson RJ, Guo M, Hezaveh K, Xu W, Kothari A, McGaha TL, Guidos CJ, Brooks DG. A network of immune and microbial modifications underlies viral persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. J Exp Med 2021; 217:152068. [PMID: 32880629 PMCID: PMC7953734 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathogens subvert intestinal immunity to persist within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT); yet, the underlying mechanisms that enable sanctuary specifically in this reservoir are unclear. Using mass cytometry and network analysis, we demonstrate that chronic LCMV infection of the GIT leads to dysregulated microbial composition, a cascade of metabolic alterations, increased susceptibility to GI disease, and a system-wide recalibration of immune composition that defines viral persistence. Chronic infection led to outgrowth of activated Tbet–expressing T reg cell populations unique to the GIT and the rapid erosion of pathogen-specific CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells. Mechanistically, T reg cells and coinhibitory receptors maintained long-term viral sanctuary within the GIT, and their targeting reactivated T cells and eliminated this viral reservoir. Thus, our data provide a high-dimensional definition of the mechanisms of immune regulation that chronic viruses implement to exploit the unique microenvironment of the GIT and identify T reg cells as key modulators of viral persistence in the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Macleod
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heidi J Elsaesser
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laura M Snell
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell J Dickson
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mengdi Guo
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kebria Hezaveh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenxi Xu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Akash Kothari
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tracy L McGaha
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cynthia J Guidos
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David G Brooks
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Molecular characteristics and possible functions of innate lymphoid cells in the uterus and gut. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 52:15-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Manasson J, Wallach DS, Guggino G, Stapylton M, Badri MH, Solomon G, Reddy SM, Coras R, Aksenov AA, Jones DR, Girija PV, Neimann AL, Heguy A, Segal LN, Dorrestein PC, Bonneau R, Guma M, Ciccia F, Ubeda C, Clemente JC, Scher JU. Interleukin-17 Inhibition in Spondyloarthritis Is Associated With Subclinical Gut Microbiome Perturbations and a Distinctive Interleukin-25-Driven Intestinal Inflammation. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:645-657. [PMID: 31729183 DOI: 10.1002/art.41169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the ecological effects of biologic therapies on the gut bacterial and fungal microbiome in psoriatic arthritis (PsA)/spondyloarthritis (SpA) patients. METHODS Fecal samples from PsA/SpA patients pre- and posttreatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi; n = 15) or an anti-interleukin-17A monoclonal antibody inhibitor (IL-17i; n = 14) underwent sequencing (16S ribosomal RNA, internal transcribed spacer and shotgun metagenomics) and computational microbiome analysis. Fecal levels of fatty acid metabolites and cytokines/proteins implicated in PsA/SpA pathogenesis or intestinal inflammation were correlated with sequence data. Additionally, ileal biopsies obtained from SpA patients who developed clinically overt Crohn's disease (CD) after treatment with IL-17i (n = 5) were analyzed for expression of IL-23/Th17-related cytokines, IL-25/IL-17E-producing cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). RESULTS There were significant shifts in abundance of specific taxa after treatment with IL-17i compared to TNFi, particularly Clostridiales (P = 0.016) and Candida albicans (P = 0.041). These subclinical alterations correlated with changes in bacterial community co-occurrence, metabolic pathways, IL-23/Th17-related cytokines, and various fatty acids. Ileal biopsies showed that clinically overt CD was associated with expansion of IL-25/IL-17E-producing tuft cells and ILC2s (P < 0.05), compared to pre-IL-17i treatment levels. CONCLUSION In a subgroup of SpA patients, the initiation of IL-17A blockade correlated with features of subclinical gut inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis of certain bacterial and fungal taxa, most notably C albicans. Further, IL-17i-related CD was associated with overexpression of IL-25/IL-17E-producing tuft cells and ILC2s. These results may help to explain the potential link between inhibition of a specific IL-17 pathway and the (sub)clinical gut inflammation observed in SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Manasson
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Gary Solomon
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Soumya M Reddy
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Alexander A Aksenov
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California, San Diego
| | - Drew R Jones
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Adriana Heguy
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of California, San Diego
| | - Richard Bonneau
- Simons Foundation, New York University, and Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Carles Ubeda
- La Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain, and CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jose U Scher
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Talbot J, Hahn P, Kroehling L, Nguyen H, Li D, Littman DR. Feeding-dependent VIP neuron-ILC3 circuit regulates the intestinal barrier. Nature 2020; 579:575-580. [PMID: 32050257 PMCID: PMC7135938 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa serves both as a conduit for the uptake of food-derived nutrients and microbiome-derived metabolites, and as a barrier that prevents tissue invasion by microorganisms and tempers inflammatory responses to the myriad contents of the lumen. How the intestine coordinates physiological and immune responses to food consumption to optimize nutrient uptake while maintaining barrier functions remains unclear. Here we show in mice how a gut neuronal signal triggered by food intake is integrated with intestinal antimicrobial and metabolic responses that are controlled by type-3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3)1-3. Food consumption rapidly activates a population of enteric neurons that express vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)4. Projections of VIP-producing neurons (VIPergic neurons) in the lamina propria are in close proximity to clusters of ILC3 that selectively express VIP receptor type 2 (VIPR2; also known as VPAC2). Production of interleukin (IL)-22 by ILC3, which is upregulated by the presence of commensal microorganisms such as segmented filamentous bacteria5-7, is inhibited upon engagement of VIPR2. As a consequence, levels of antimicrobial peptide derived from epithelial cells are reduced but the expression of lipid-binding proteins and transporters is increased8. During food consumption, the activation of VIPergic neurons thus enhances the growth of segmented filamentous bacteria associated with the epithelium, and increases lipid absorption. Our results reveal a feeding- and circadian-regulated dynamic neuroimmune circuit in the intestine that promotes a trade-off between innate immune protection mediated by IL-22 and the efficiency of nutrient absorption. Modulation of this pathway may therefore be effective for enhancing resistance to enteropathogens2,3,9 and for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhimmy Talbot
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Hahn
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lina Kroehling
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Nguyen
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dayi Li
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan R Littman
- Molecular Pathogenesis Program, The Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine of the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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Novel Insights of Lymphomagenesis of Helicobacter pylori-Dependent Gastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040547. [PMID: 30999581 PMCID: PMC6520890 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is the most common subtype of gastric lymphoma. Most gastric MALT lymphomas are characterized by their association with the Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and are cured by first-line HP eradication therapy (HPE). Several studies have been conducted to investigate why most gastric MALT lymphomas remain localized, are dependent on HP infection, and show HP-specific intratumoral T-cells (e.g., CD40-mediated signaling, T-helper-2 (Th2)-type cytokines, chemokines, costimulatory molecules, and FOXP3+ regulatory T-cells) and their communication with B-cells. Furthermore, the reason why the antigen stimuli of these intratumoral T-cells with tonic B-cell receptor signaling promote lymphomagenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma has also been investigated. In addition to the aforementioned mechanisms, it has been demonstrated that the translocated HP cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) can promote B-cell proliferation through the activation of Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase (SHP-2) phosphorylation-dependent signaling, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, the expression of CagA and these CagA-signaling molecules is closely associated with the HP-dependence of gastric MALT lymphomas (completely respond to first-line HPE). In this article, we summarize evidence of the classical theory of HP-reactive T-cells and the new paradigm of direct interaction between HP and B-cells that contributes to the HP-dependent lymphomagenesis of gastric MALT lymphomas. Although the role of first-line HPE in the treatment of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphoma remains uncertain, several case series suggest that a proportion of HP-negative gastric MALT lymphomas remains antibiotic-responsive and is cured by HPE. Considering the complicated interaction between microbiomes and the genome/epigenome, further studies on the precise mechanisms of HP- and other bacteria-directed lymphomagenesis in antibiotic-responsive gastric MALT lymphomas are warranted.
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Castleman MJ, Dillon SM, Purba CM, Cogswell AC, Kibbie JJ, McCarter MD, Santiago ML, Barker E, Wilson CC. Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Indirectly Induce IL-22 but Not IFNγ Production From Human Colonic ILC3s via Multiple Mechanisms. Front Immunol 2019; 10:649. [PMID: 30984202 PMCID: PMC6450192 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse family of cells that play critical roles in mucosal immunity. One subset of the ILC family, Group 3 ILCs (ILC3s), has been shown to aid in gut homeostasis through the production of IL-22. IL-22 promotes gut homeostasis through its functional effect on the epithelial barrier. When gut epithelial barrier integrity is compromised, such as in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), microbes from the gut lumen translocate into the lamina propria, inducing a multitude of potentially pathogenic immune responses. In murine models of bacterial infection, there is evidence that bacteria can induce pro-inflammatory IFNγ production in ILC3s. However, the impact of diverse translocating bacteria, particularly commensal bacteria, in dictating IFNγ versus IL-22 production by human gut ILC3s remains unclear. Here, we utilized an in vitro human lamina propria mononuclear cell (LPMC) model to evaluate ILC3 cytokine production in response to a panel of enteric Gram-positive and Gram-negative commensal and pathogenic bacteria and determined potential mechanisms by which these cytokine responses were induced. The percentages of IL-22-producing ILC3s, but not IFNγ-producing ILC3s, were significantly increased after LPMC exposure to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative commensal or pathogenic bacterial stimuli. Stimulation of IL-22 production from ILC3s was not through direct recognition of bacterial antigen by ILC3s, but rather required the help of accessory cells within the LPMC population. CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells generated IL-23 and IL-1β in response to enteric bacteria and contributed to ILC3 production of IL-22. Furthermore, ligation of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44 on ILC3s in response to bacteria stimulation also significantly increased the percentage of IL-22-producing ILC3s. Overall, these data demonstrate that human gut microbiota, including commensal bacteria, indirectly modulate colonic ILC3 function to induce IL-22, but additional signals are likely required to induce IFNγ production by colonic ILC3s in the setting of inflammation and microbial translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah J. Castleman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephanie M. Dillon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christine M. Purba
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew C. Cogswell
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jon J. Kibbie
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Martin D. McCarter
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Mario L. Santiago
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Edward Barker
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cara C. Wilson
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical, Aurora, CO, United States
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Babu ST, Niu X, Raetz M, Savani RC, Hooper LV, Mirpuri J. Maternal high-fat diet results in microbiota-dependent expansion of ILC3s in mice offspring. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99223. [PMID: 30282818 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity and a high-fat diet (HFD) during the perinatal period have documented short- and long-term adverse outcomes for offspring. However, the mechanisms of maternal HFD effects on neonatal offspring are unclear. While the effects of maternal HFD exposure during pregnancy on the offspring are increasingly being appreciated, we do not know if maternal HFD alters the microbiota or affects neonatal susceptibility to inflammatory conditions, nor the mechanisms involved. In this study, we show that the offspring of mothers exposed to HFD develop a unique microbiota, marked by expansion of Firmicutes, and an increase in IL-17-producing type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s). The expansion of ILC3s was recapitulated through neocolonization with HFD microbiota alone. Further, the HFD offspring were susceptible to a neonatal model of inflammation that was reversible with IL-17 blockade. Collectively, these data suggest a previously unknown and unique role for ILC3s in the promotion of an early inflammatory susceptibility in the offspring of mothers exposed to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thomas Babu
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Xinying Niu
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Megan Raetz
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rashmin C Savani
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Julie Mirpuri
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, and
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10
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Zhang Y, Kim TJ, Wroblewska JA, Tesic V, Upadhyay V, Weichselbaum RR, Tumanov AV, Tang H, Guo X, Tang H, Fu YX. Type 3 innate lymphoid cell-derived lymphotoxin prevents microbiota-dependent inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:697-709. [PMID: 28579615 PMCID: PMC6123485 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenomegaly is a well-known phenomenon typically associated with inflammation. However, the underlying cause of this phenotype has not been well characterized. Furthermore, the splenomegaly phenotype seen in lymphotoxin (LT) signaling-deficient mice is characterized by increased numbers of splenocytes and splenic neutrophils. Splenomegaly, as well as the related phenotype of increased lymphocyte counts in non-lymphoid tissues, is thought to result from the absence of secondary lymphoid tissues in LT-deficient mice. We now present evidence that mice deficient in LTα1β2 or LTβR develop splenomegaly and increased numbers of lymphocytes in non-lymphoid tissues in a microbiota-dependent manner. Antibiotic administration to LTα1β2- or LTβR-deficient mice reduces splenomegaly. Furthermore, re-derived germ-free Ltbr-/- mice do not exhibit splenomegaly or increased inflammation in non-lymphoid tissues compared to specific pathogen-free Ltbr-/- mice. By using various LTβ- and LTβR-conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γT-positive type 3 innate lymphoid cells provide the required active LT signaling to prevent the development of splenomegaly. Thus, this study demonstrates the importance of LT-mediated immune responses for the prevention of splenomegaly and systemic inflammation induced by microbiota.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Immunity, Innate
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/pathology
- Lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 Heterotrimer/genetics
- Lymphotoxin alpha1, beta2 Heterotrimer/immunology
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/genetics
- Lymphotoxin beta Receptor/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Microbiota/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, 02841, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joanna A Wroblewska
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vera Tesic
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL
| | - Vaibhav Upadhyay
- Committee on Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ralph R Weichselbaum
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and The Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexei V Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 78229, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hong Tang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory for Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Institute of Immunology, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Haidong Tang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL.
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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11
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Compartment-specific distribution of human intestinal innate lymphoid cells is altered in HIV patients under effective therapy. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006373. [PMID: 28505204 PMCID: PMC5444854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphocyte cells (ILCs), a novel family of innate immune cells are considered to function as key orchestrators of immune defences at mucosal surfaces and to be crucial for maintaining an intact intestinal barrier. Accordingly, first data suggest depletion of ILCs to be involved in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated damage of the intestinal mucosa and subsequent microbial translocation. However, although ILCs are preferentially localized at mucosal surfaces, only little is known regarding distribution and function of ILCs in the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we show that in HIV(-) individuals composition and functional capacity of intestinal ILCs is compartment-specific with group 1 ILCs representing the major fraction in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas ILC3 are the predominant population in ileum and colon, respectively. In addition, we present first data indicating that local cytokine concentrations, especially that of IL-7, might modulate composition of gut ILCs. Distribution of intestinal ILCs was significantly altered in HIV patients, who displayed decreased frequency of total ILCs in ileum and colon owing to reduced numbers of both CD127(+)ILC1 and ILC3. Of note, frequency of colonic ILC3 was inversely correlated with serum levels of I-FABP and sCD14, surrogate markers for loss of gut barrier integrity and microbial translocation, respectively. Both expression of the IL-7 receptor CD127 on ILCs as well as mucosal IL-7 mRNA levels were decreased in HIV(+) patients, especially in those parts of the GI tract with reduced ILC frequencies, suggesting that impaired IL-7 responses of ILCs might contribute to incomplete reconstitution of ILCs under effective anti-retroviral therapy. This is the first report comparing distribution and function of ILCs along the intestinal mucosa of the entire human gastrointestinal tract in HIV(+) and HIV(-) individuals.
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12
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Kmieć Z, Cyman M, Ślebioda TJ. Cells of the innate and adaptive immunity and their interactions in inflammatory bowel disease. Adv Med Sci 2017; 62:1-16. [PMID: 28126697 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract that includes two major phenotypes, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis that are characterized by different clinical features and different course of the immune response. The exact aetiology of IBD still remains unknown, although it is thought that the diseases result from an excessive immune response directed against microbial or environmentally derived antigens which can be triggered by the disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. In this review we present immune mechanisms and interactions between cells of the immune system and tissue environment that contribute to the development and progression of IBD in humans. Since dysregulation of the intestinal immune response is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory conditions, we characterize cells of the innate and adaptive immunity involved in the pathogenesis of IBD and their cross-talks. We describe various subclasses of recently discovered innate lymphoid cells, as well as dendritic cells, macrophages and T cells, including Th17, Th22 and T regulatory cells, present in the intestinal lamina propria and cytokine-mediated regulation of the immune response in IBD, highlighting the role of IL-22 and IL-17A/IL-23 axis. Insights into novel therapeutic modalities targeting certain elements of the immune pathways important for the pathogenesis of IBD have been also shortly presented.
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13
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Talayero P, Mancebo E, Calvo-Pulido J, Rodríguez-Muñoz S, Bernardo I, Laguna-Goya R, Cano-Romero FL, García-Sesma A, Loinaz C, Jiménez C, Justo I, Paz-Artal E. Innate Lymphoid Cells Groups 1 and 3 in the Epithelial Compartment of Functional Human Intestinal Allografts. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:72-82. [PMID: 26317573 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We examined intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) in 213 ileal biopsies from 16 bowel grafts and compared them with 32 biopsies from native intestines. During the first year posttransplantation, grafts exhibited low levels of IELs (percentage of CD103(+) cells) principally due to reduced CD3(+) CD8(+) cells, while CD103(+) CD3(-) cell numbers became significantly higher. Changes in IEL subsets did not correlate with histology results, isolated intestine, or multivisceral transplants, but CD3(-) IELs were significantly higher in patients receiving corticosteroids. Compared with controls, more CD3(-) IELs of the grafts expressed CD56, NKp44, interleukin (IL)-23 receptor, retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt), and CCR6. No difference was observed in granzyme B, and CD3(-) CD127(+) cells were more abundant in native intestines. Ex vivo, and after in vitro activation, CD3(-) IELs in grafts produced significantly more interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-22, and a double IFNγ(+) IL-22(+) population was observed. Epithelial cell-depleted grafts IELs were cytotoxic, whereas this was not observed in controls. In conclusion, different from native intestines, a CD3(-) IEL subset predominates in grafts, showing features of natural killer cells and intraepithelial ILC1 (CD56(+) , NKp44(+) , CCR6(+) , CD127(-) , cytotoxicity, and IFNγ secretion), ILC3 (CD56(+) , NKp44(+) , IL-23R(+) , CCR6(+) , RORγt(+) , and IL-22 secretion), and intermediate ILC1-ILC3 phenotypes (IFNγ(+) IL-22(+) ). Viability of intestinal grafts may depend on the balance among proinflammatory and homeostatic roles of ILC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Talayero
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,I+12 Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Mancebo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,I+12 Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Calvo-Pulido
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Bernardo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - R Laguna-Goya
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,I+12 Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - F L Cano-Romero
- I+12 Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - A García-Sesma
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Loinaz
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Jiménez
- I+12 Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Justo
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery and Abdominal Organ Transplantation, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Paz-Artal
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,I+12 Research Institute, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,School of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Section of Immunology, San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Goc J, Hepworth MR, Sonnenberg GF. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells: regulating host-commensal bacteria interactions in inflammation and cancer. Int Immunol 2016; 28:43-52. [PMID: 26451009 PMCID: PMC5891988 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A delicate balance exists between the mammalian immune system and normally beneficial commensal bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tract, which is necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these interactions between the host and commensal bacteria is causally associated with chronic inflammation and the development of cancer. In contrast, recent reports have highlighted that commensal bacteria also play an essential role in promoting anti-tumor immune responses in several contexts, highlighting a paradox whereby interactions between the host and commensal bacteria can influence both pro- and anti-tumor immunity. Given the critical roles for group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in regulating inflammation, tissue repair and host-microbe interactions in the intestine, here we discuss new evidence that ILC3s may profoundly influence the development, progression and control of tumors. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in understanding the impact of commensal bacteria on tumorigenesis, discuss recent findings identifying ILC3s as critical regulators of host-microbe interactions and highlight the emerging role of this immune cell population in cancer and their potential implication as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Goc
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Jill Robert's Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building 512, Box 190, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Jill Robert's Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building 512, Box 190, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Gregory F Sonnenberg
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and The Jill Robert's Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, 413 East 69th Street, Belfer Research Building 512, Box 190, New York, NY 10021, USA
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15
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Kapetanovic R, Bokil NJ, Sweet MJ. Innate immune perturbations, accumulating DAMPs and inflammasome dysregulation: A ticking time bomb in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:40-53. [PMID: 25725308 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing has pronounced effects on the immune system, including on innate immune cells. Whilst most studies suggest that total numbers of different innate immune cell populations do not change dramatically during ageing, many of their functions such as phagocytosis, antigen presentation and inflammatory molecule secretion decline. In contrast, many endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) accumulate during ageing. These include reactive oxygen species (ROS) released from damaged mitochondria, extracellular nucleotides like ATP, high mobility group box (HMGB) 1 protein, oxidized low density lipoprotein, amyloid-beta (Aβ), islet amyloid polypeptide and particulates like monosodium urate (MSU) crystals and cholesterol crystals. Some of these DAMPs trigger the activation of inflammasomes, cytosolic danger sensing signalling platforms that drive both the maturation of specific pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, as well as the initiation of pro-inflammatory pyroptotic cell death. Herein, we review the evidence that dysregulated inflammasome activation, via altered innate immune cell functions and elevated levels of DAMPs, contributes to the establishment of chronic, low-grade inflammation (characterized by elevated levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein) and the development of age-related pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Kapetanovic
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Nilesh J Bokil
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Qld, Australia.
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16
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Konya V, Mjösberg J. Innate lymphoid cells in graft-versus-host disease. Am J Transplant 2015; 15:2795-801. [PMID: 26228632 PMCID: PMC4973689 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are lymphocytes lacking rearranged antigen receptors such as those expressed by T and B cells. ILC are important effector and regulatory cells of the innate immune system, controlling lymphoid organogenesis, tissue inflammation, and homeostasis. The family of ILC consists of cytotoxic NK cells and the more recently described noncytotoxic group 1, 2, and 3 ILC. The classification of noncytotoxic ILC-in many aspects-mirrors that of T helper cells, which is based on the expression of master transcription factors and signature cytokines specific for each subset. The IL-22 producing RORγt(+) ILC3 subset was recently found to be critical in the prevention of intestinal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) via strengthening the intestinal mucosal barrier. In this review, we summarize the current view of the immunological functions of human noncytotoxic ILC subsets and discuss the potentially beneficial features of IL-22 producing ILC3 in improving allo-HCT efficacy by attenuating susceptibility to GVHD. In addition, we explore the possibility of other ILC subsets playing a role in GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Konya
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Mjösberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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T Lymphocyte Dynamics in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Role of the Microbiome. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:504638. [PMID: 26583115 PMCID: PMC4637034 DOI: 10.1155/2015/504638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Humans have coevolved with a complex community of bacterial species also referred to as the microbiome, which reciprocally provides critical contributions to human metabolism and immune system development. Gut microbiome composition differs significantly between individuals depending on host genetics, diet, and environmental factors. A dysregulation of the symbiotic nature of the intestinal host-microbial relationship and an aberrant and persistent immune response are the fundamental processes involved in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Considering the essential role of T cells in IBD and the contributing role of the microbiome in shaping the immune response during the pathogenesis of IBD, this review focuses on the complex relationship, interplay, and communication between the gut microbiome and T cells, including their differentiation into different subsets of effector or regulatory cells.
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18
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Giacomin PR, Moy RH, Noti M, Osborne LC, Siracusa MC, Alenghat T, Liu B, McCorkell KA, Troy AE, Rak GD, Hu Y, May MJ, Ma HL, Fouser LA, Sonnenberg GF, Artis D. Epithelial-intrinsic IKKα expression regulates group 3 innate lymphoid cell responses and antibacterial immunity. J Exp Med 2015; 212:1513-28. [PMID: 26371187 PMCID: PMC4577836 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20141831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical for maintaining epithelial barrier integrity at mucosal surfaces; however, the tissue-specific factors that regulate ILC responses remain poorly characterized. Using mice with intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletions in either inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK)α or IKKβ, two critical regulators of NFκB activation, we demonstrate that IEC-intrinsic IKKα expression selectively regulates group 3 ILC (ILC3)-dependent antibacterial immunity in the intestine. Although IKKβ(ΔIEC) mice efficiently controlled Citrobacter rodentium infection, IKKα(ΔIEC) mice exhibited severe intestinal inflammation, increased bacterial dissemination to peripheral organs, and increased host mortality. Consistent with weakened innate immunity to C. rodentium, IKKα(ΔIEC) mice displayed impaired IL-22 production by RORγt(+) ILC3s, and therapeutic delivery of rIL-22 or transfer of sort-purified IL-22-competent ILCs from control mice could protect IKKα(ΔIEC) mice from C. rodentium-induced morbidity. Defective ILC3 responses in IKKα(ΔIEC) mice were associated with overproduction of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) by IECs, which negatively regulated IL-22 production by ILC3s and impaired innate immunity to C. rodentium. IEC-intrinsic IKKα expression was similarly critical for regulation of intestinal inflammation after chemically induced intestinal damage and colitis. Collectively, these data identify a previously unrecognized role for epithelial cell-intrinsic IKKα expression and TSLP in regulating ILC3 responses required to maintain intestinal barrier immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Giacomin
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ryan H Moy
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mario Noti
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Mark C Siracusa
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Bigang Liu
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957
| | - Kelly A McCorkell
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Amy E Troy
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gregory D Rak
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yinling Hu
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701
| | - Michael J May
- Perelman School of Medicine and School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hak-Ling Ma
- Inflammation and Immunology-Pfizer Biotherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Lynette A Fouser
- Inflammation and Immunology-Pfizer Biotherapeutics Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02140
| | - Gregory F Sonnenberg
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
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19
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Barnie PA, Lin X, Liu Y, Xu H, Su Z. IL-17 producing innate lymphoid cells 3 (ILC3) but not Th17 cells might be the potential danger factor for preeclampsia and other pregnancy associated diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11100-11107. [PMID: 26617829 PMCID: PMC4637644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In pregnancy, the immunologic system plays an important role that ensures normal pregnancy development and can as well promote the development of complications. Pregnancy success appears to rely on a discrete balance between the Th cytokines, which are involved in fetal growth and development. Preeclampsia and gestational diabetes are known complications associated with pregnancy. However, the source of the increased IL-17 cytokine in preeclampsia and other pregnancy associated diseases still remains unclear amidst numerous inconsistencies. The recent identification of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) has raised more doubts about the sources of most of the Th associated cytokines. We investigated the source of peripheral IL-17 levels in preeclamptic, gestational diabetics and chronic diabetics compared to healthy pregnancy subjects. To evaluate the source of the increased IL-17 cytokine among preeclampsia, chronic diabetic and gestational diabetic patients we investigated the proportion of Th17 cell populations in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using flow cytometry as well as analyzing levels of IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-1β and HMGB1. This study found that the Th17 cell populations in peripheral blood of preeclamptic, gestational nor chronic diabetes during pregnancy did not correlate with the increased IL-17. We report that the increased IL-17 levels observed in patients with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and chronic diabetes are associated with innate lymphoid cells 3 (ILC3) and may pose threats to the fetus if disregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince A Barnie
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, PR China
- Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape CoastGhana
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, PR China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, PR China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, PR China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212001, PR China
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20
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Halim TYF. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells in disease. Int Immunol 2015; 28:13-22. [PMID: 26306498 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxv050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are now recognized as an important innate source of type-2 effector cytokines. Although initially associated with mucosal tissues, it is clear that ILC2 are present in diverse anatomical locations. The function of ILC2 at these sites is equally varied, and although ILC2 represent a relatively minor population, they are fundamentally important regulators of innate and adaptive immune processes. As such, there is much interest to understand the role of ILC2 in diseases with a type-2 inflammatory component. This review explores the known roles of ILC2 in disease, and the diseases that show associations or other strong evidence for the involvement of ILC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timotheus Y F Halim
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
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21
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Chen J, Waddell A, Lin YD, Cantorna MT. Dysbiosis caused by vitamin D receptor deficiency confers colonization resistance to Citrobacter rodentium through modulation of innate lymphoid cells. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:618-26. [PMID: 25315967 PMCID: PMC4398576 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout (KO) mice had fewer Citrobacter rodentium in the feces than wild-type (WT) mice and the kinetics of clearance was faster in VDR KO than WT mice. VDR KO mice had more interleukin-22 (IL-22)-producing innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and more antibacterial peptides than WT mice. The increased ILCs in the VDR KO mice was a cell-autonomous effect of VDR deficiency on ILC frequencies. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation from VDR KO mice into WT resulted in higher ILCs and colonization resistance of the WT mice. Disruption of the gut microbiota using antibiotics in VDR KO mice reversed colonization resistance to C. rodentium infection. Confirming the role of the microbiota in the colonization resistance of VDR KO mice, transfer of the VDR KO microbiota to WT germ-free mice resulted in colonization resistance. Once colonization resistance was overcome, VDR KO mice had increased susceptibility to C. rodentium. VDR expression is a regulator of ILC frequencies, IL-22, dysbiosis, and C. rodentium susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Pathobiology Graduate Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | | | | | - Margherita T. Cantorna
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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