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Mithi B, Luhanga M, Kaminyoghe F, Chiumia F, Banda DL, Nyama L. Antibiotic use and resistance patterns at Rumphi District Hospital in Malawi: a cross-sectional study. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:445. [PMID: 38671359 PMCID: PMC11046875 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overuse of antibiotics is a key driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) world-wide. Malawi continues to report rising cases of AMR among both in-patients and out-patients. We investigated antibiotic use and resistance patterns among patients with suspected first line antibiotic treatment failure at Rumphi District Hospital, Malawi. METHODS We used a cross-sectional study design in which records of patients data on culture and antimicrobial sensitivity tests were extracted, alongside treatment history from 2019 to March, 2023, retrospectively. We also included findings for point prevalence survey (PPS) conducted within four hospital wards in June, 2022 by a well-trained multi-disciplinary team from within the hospital. The data was analyzed for antibiotic use, characterization of pathogens and their susceptibility patterns using Microsoft excel and STATA-14 software. RESULTS A total of 85 patients' data records were reviewed on antibiotics resistance pattern in which 54 (63.5%) were females. Patient antibiotic history captured indicated Metronidazole (23%), Gentamycin (20%) and Doxycycline (23%) as the most frequently used antibiotics among clients referred for microbiological investigations. Among locally available antibiotics with over 50% sensitivity were Chloramphenicol (61%), ciprofloxacin (55%), and ceftriaxone (54%). Penicillins were among antibiotics with highest resistance: ampicillin (100%), amoxyclav (90%), Piperacilin-tazobactam (63%). The majority of patients came from STI clinic and presented with genital discharges 44% (n = 39). Over 80% of the isolated N. gonorrhoeae exhibited a reduced susceptibility to gentamycin. Prevalence of Methicillin resistant staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) was 46% and were mostly isolated from wound pus. Among 80 data records of the patients reviewed during PPS, Ceftriaxone (54.3%) and Metronidazole (23.3%) emerged as the most frequently used antibiotics in the wards which were prescribed empirically without a microbiological indication. CONCLUSION In this study setting, we observed high use of watch antibiotics along with problem of multi-drug resistant infections in patients experiencing clinical failure in a variety of clinical syndromes. The findings underline the need to revamp diagnostic microbiology to increase the uptake of antimicrobial susceptibility testing to guide specific prescriptions of broad-spectrum antibiotics in the watch list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brany Mithi
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi.
- Ministry of Health, Rumphi District Hospital, Rumphi, Malawi.
| | - Mosen Luhanga
- Ministry of Health, Rumphi District Hospital, Rumphi, Malawi
| | | | - Francis Chiumia
- Department of Pharmacy, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Daniel L Banda
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences (KUHeS), Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Lottie Nyama
- Ministry of Health, Rumphi District Hospital, Rumphi, Malawi
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Moja L, Zanichelli V, Mertz D, Gandra S, Cappello B, Cooke GS, Chuki P, Harbarth S, Pulcini C, Mendelson M, Tacconelli E, Ombajo LA, Chitatanga R, Zeng M, Imi M, Elias C, Ashorn P, Marata A, Paulin S, Muller A, Aidara-Kane A, Wi TE, Were WM, Tayler E, Figueras A, Da Silva CP, Van Weezenbeek C, Magrini N, Sharland M, Huttner B, Loeb M. WHO's essential medicines and AWaRe: recommendations on first- and second-choice antibiotics for empiric treatment of clinical infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30 Suppl 2:S1-S51. [PMID: 38342438 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) prioritizes medicines that have significant global public health value. The EML can also deliver important messages on appropriate medicine use. Since 2017, in response to the growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance, antibiotics on the EML have been reviewed and categorized into three groups: Access, Watch, and Reserve, leading to a new categorization called AWaRe. These categories were developed taking into account the impact of different antibiotics and classes on antimicrobial resistance and the implications for their appropriate use. The 2023 AWaRe classification provides empirical guidance on 41 essential antibiotics for over 30 clinical infections targeting both the primary health care and hospital facility setting. A further 257 antibiotics not included on the EML have been allocated an AWaRe group for stewardship and monitoring purposes. This article describes the development of AWaRe, focussing on the clinical evidence base that guided the selection of Access, Watch, or Reserve antibiotics as first and second choices for each infection. The overarching objective was to offer a tool for optimizing the quality of global antibiotic prescribing and reduce inappropriate use by encouraging the use of Access antibiotics (or no antibiotics) where appropriate. This clinical evidence evaluation and subsequent EML recommendations are the basis for the AWaRe antibiotic book and related smartphone applications. By providing guidance on antibiotic prioritization, AWaRe aims to facilitate the revision of national lists of essential medicines, update national prescribing guidelines, and supervise antibiotic use. Adherence to AWaRe would extend the effectiveness of current antibiotics while helping countries expand access to these life-saving medicines for the benefit of current and future patients, health professionals, and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Moja
- Health Products Policy and Standards, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Veronica Zanichelli
- Health Products Policy and Standards, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Mertz
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Research Methods and Recommendations, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Sumanth Gandra
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Bernadette Cappello
- Health Products Policy and Standards, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Graham S Cooke
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Pem Chuki
- Antimicrobial Stewardship Unit, Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital, Thimphu, Bhutan
| | - Stephan Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme, Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Infection Prevention and Control and Antimicrobial Resistance, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celine Pulcini
- APEMAC, and Centre régional en antibiothérapie du Grand Est AntibioEst, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Marc Mendelson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evelina Tacconelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Loice Achieng Ombajo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ronald Chitatanga
- Antimicrobial Resistance National Coordinating Centre, Public Health Institute of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Mei Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Christelle Elias
- Service Hygiène et Epidémiologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1111, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5308, École Nationale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Per Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Sarah Paulin
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arno Muller
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Teodora Elvira Wi
- Department of Global HIV, Hepatitis and STIs Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wilson Milton Were
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Tayler
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO), World Health Organisation, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Carmem Pessoa Da Silva
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Nicola Magrini
- NHS Clinical Governance, Romagna Health Authority, Ravenna, Italy; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Evidence Synthesis and Guideline Development, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mike Sharland
- Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infections, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Benedikt Huttner
- Health Products Policy and Standards, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark Loeb
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases, Research Methods and Recommendations, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Meiring JE, Khanam F, Basnyat B, Charles RC, Crump JA, Debellut F, Holt KE, Kariuki S, Mugisha E, Neuzil KM, Parry CM, Pitzer VE, Pollard AJ, Qadri F, Gordon MA. Typhoid fever. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2023; 9:71. [PMID: 38097589 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-023-00480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Typhoid fever is an invasive bacterial disease associated with bloodstream infection that causes a high burden of disease in Africa and Asia. Typhoid primarily affects individuals ranging from infants through to young adults. The causative organism, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi is transmitted via the faecal-oral route, crossing the intestinal epithelium and disseminating to systemic and intracellular sites, causing an undifferentiated febrile illness. Blood culture remains the practical reference standard for diagnosis of typhoid fever, where culture testing is available, but novel diagnostic modalities are an important priority under investigation. Since 2017, remarkable progress has been made in defining the global burden of both typhoid fever and antimicrobial resistance; in understanding disease pathogenesis and immunological protection through the use of controlled human infection; and in advancing effective vaccination programmes through strategic multipartner collaboration and targeted clinical trials in multiple high-incidence priority settings. This Primer thus offers a timely update of progress and perspective on future priorities for the global scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Meiring
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Farhana Khanam
- International Centre for Diarrhoel Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Buddha Basnyat
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A Crump
- Centre for International Health, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Mugisha
- Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, PATH, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Parry
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Education, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Virginia E Pitzer
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases and Public Health Modelling Unit, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoel Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Melita A Gordon
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Programme, Blantyre, Malawi.
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Cairns KA, Udy AA, Peel TN, Abbott IJ, Dooley MJ, Peleg AY. Therapeutics for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcal Bloodstream Infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2023; 36:e0005922. [PMID: 37067406 PMCID: PMC10283489 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00059-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are common causes of bloodstream infections (BSIs) with high morbidity and mortality rates. They are pathogens of global concern with a limited treatment pipeline. Significant challenges exist in the management of VRE BSI, including drug dosing, the emergence of resistance, and the optimal treatment for persistent bacteremia and infective endocarditis. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for antimicrobial therapy is evolving for VRE-active agents; however, there are significant gaps in the literature for predicting antimicrobial efficacy for VRE BSIs. To date, TDM has the greatest evidence for predicting drug toxicity for the three main VRE-active antimicrobial agents daptomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin. This article presents an overview of the treatment options for VRE BSIs, the role of antimicrobial dose optimization through TDM in supporting clinical infection management, and challenges and perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Cairns
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew A. Udy
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care and Hyperbaric Medicine, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trisha N. Peel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Iain J. Abbott
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Microbiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael J. Dooley
- Pharmacy Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Medicines Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anton Y. Peleg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Perdigão Neto LV, Machado AS, da Silva RG, de Souza RBC, Coutinho SM, Comello F, Porto APM, Lima DS, di Gioia TSR, Castro Lima VAC, Farias LABG, Macedo MRF, Noguera SLV, Dos Anjos SN, Tonheiro CMMP, Cocentino BCB, Costa SF, Oliveira MSD. Case Report: Successful Treatment of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection Due to Extensively Drug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae in a Kidney Transplant Recipient Using Chloramphenicol. Transplant Proc 2023; 55:654-659. [PMID: 36934054 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective therapies for multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms, especially Gram-negative bacteria, are becoming rare. Also, solid-organ transplant recipients are at high risk of MDR Gram-negative bacilli infection. Urinary tract infections are the most frequent bacterial infections in kidney transplant recipients and are an important cause of mortality after renal transplantation. We describe a case of complicated urinary tract infection in a kidney transplant patient due to extensively drug-resistant (XDR) K. pneumoniae treated successfully with a regimen comprising a combination of chloramphenicol and ertapenem. We do not recommend chloramphenicol as a first-line choice for treating complicated urinary tract infections. Still, we believe it is an alternative for infections caused by MDR and/or XDR pathogens in renal transplant patients, as other options are nephrotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Vieira Perdigão Neto
- Hospital Paulistano, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas and Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 49, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luis Arthur Brasil Gadelha Farias
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas and Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 49, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Rolim Fernandes Macedo
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas and Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 49, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saidy Liceth Vasconez Noguera
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas and Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 49, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas and Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 49, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maura Salaroli de Oliveira
- Hospital Paulistano, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Infectious Diseases of Hospital das Clínicas and Laboratório de Investigação Médica - LIM 49, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Seo KW, Do KH, Shin MK, Lee WK, Lee WK. Comparative genetic characterization of CMY-2-type beta-lactamase producing pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from humans and pigs suffering from diarrhea in Korea. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:7. [PMID: 36658572 PMCID: PMC9854124 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00559-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogenic Escherichia coli are an important cause of bacterial infections in both humans and pigs and many of antimicrobials are used for the treatment of E. coli infection. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics and relationship between humans and pigs regarding third-generation cephalosporin resistance and CMY-2-producing E. coli in Korea. RESULTS All 103 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates showed multidrug resistance. Also, except for β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, all antimicrobials resistant rates were higher in pigs than in humans. A total of 36 isolates (humans: five isolates; pigs: 31 isolates) were positive for the CMY-2-encoding genes and thirty-two (88.9%) isolates detected class 1 integrons with 10 different gene cassette arrangements, and only 1 isolate detected a class 2 integron. The most common virulence genes in pigs were LT (71.0%), F18 (51.6%), and STb (51.6%), while stx2 (80.0%) was the most frequently detected gene in humans. Stx2 gene was also detected in pigs (6.5%). Interestingly, 36 CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates showed a high diversity of sequence types (ST), and ST88 was present in E. coli from both pigs (11 isolates) and humans (one isolate). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a critical need for comprehensive surveillance of third-generation cephalosporin resistance is necessary to preserve the usefulness of third-generation cephalosporins in both humans and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyo Do
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Kon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Kyu Lee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Rohana H, Hager-Cohen A, Azrad M, Peretz A. Trend of Changes in Chloramphenicol Resistance during the Years 2017-2020: A Retrospective Report from Israel. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020196. [PMID: 36830107 PMCID: PMC9952794 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant bacteria limit treatment options. This challenge has awakened interest in antibiotics that are no longer in use due to side effects, such as chloramphenicol. This work investigated trends in chloramphenicol resistance rates during 2017-2020 in bacteria isolated from diverse clinical samples at the Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel. Bacteria were isolated from 3873 samples and identified using routine methods, including matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) technology. Chloramphenicol susceptibility was tested using a VITEK II instrument or by the Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion test. The average chloramphenicol resistance rate was 24%, with no significant differences between study years. Chloramphenicol resistance was associated with sample origin (p < 0.001); isolates originating from sputum samples showed 49.8% resistance rate, compared to 2.3% of the body fluid isolates, 10.4% of the ear/eye isolates and 22.5% of the blood isolates. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in chloramphenicol resistance among blood and ear/eye isolates during the study period (p = 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively). The highest resistance rate was among Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (50.5%). In conclusion, since chloramphenicol susceptibility seems to be retained, its comeback to the clinical world should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannan Rohana
- The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias 1528001, Israel
| | - Anat Hager-Cohen
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Maya Azrad
- The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias 1528001, Israel
| | - Avi Peretz
- The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Tiberias 1528001, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-4-665-2322
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8
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Detection of antibiotics by electrochemical sensors based on metal-organic frameworks and their derived materials. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Mudenda S, Matafwali SK, Malama S, Munyeme M, Yamba K, Katemangwe P, Siluchali G, Mainda G, Mukuma M, Bumbangi FN, Mirisho R, Muma JB. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Enterococcus species isolated from laying hens in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia: a call for AMR surveillance in the poultry sector. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac126. [PMID: 36570686 PMCID: PMC9772873 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of antimicrobials in layer poultry production for improved production, growth promotion, prophylaxis and treatment purposes has contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. In Zambia, there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and AMR patterns of Enterococcus species isolated from laying hens. Objectives This study investigated the prevalence and AMR patterns of enterococci isolated in layer hens in Lusaka and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2020 to April 2021. Three hundred and sixty-five pooled cloacal swab samples were collected from 77 layer poultry farms. Enterococci identification and confirmation were performed using Analytical Profile Index (API 20 STREP) and 16S rRNA sequencing, respectively. A panel of nine antibiotics was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and interpreted according to the CLSI 2020 guidelines. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23 and WHONET 2020. Results A total of 308 (83%) single Enterococcus species isolates were obtained and showed resistance to tetracycline (80.5%), erythromycin (53.6%), quinupristin/dalfopristin (53.2%), ampicillin (36.72%), vancomycin (32.8%), linezolid (30.2%), ciprofloxacin (11.0%), nitrofurantoin (6.5%) and chloramphenicol (3.9%). The prevalence of enterococci resistant to at least one antibiotic was 99.4% (n = 306), of which 86% (n = 265) were MDR. Conclusions This study found a high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant enterococci. The presence of MDR requires urgent intervention and implementation of AMR surveillance strategies and antimicrobial stewardship programmes in layer poultry production in Zambia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steward Mudenda
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Scott Kaba Matafwali
- Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sydney Malama
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Musso Munyeme
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kaunda Yamba
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology Laboratory, University Teaching Hospitals, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Patrick Katemangwe
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Godfrey Siluchali
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiological Sciences, Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Geoffrey Mainda
- Department of Veterinary Services, Central Veterinary Research Institute, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Mercy Mukuma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Eden University, P.O. Box 37727, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Robert Mirisho
- Department of Public Health, St Francis University College of Health and Allied Sciences, Ifakara, Tanzania
| | - John Bwalya Muma
- Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
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Karvouniaris M, Brotis A, Tsiakos K, Palli E, Koulenti D. Current Perspectives on the Diagnosis and Management of Healthcare-Associated Ventriculitis and Meningitis. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:697-721. [PMID: 35250284 PMCID: PMC8896765 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s326456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventriculitis or post-neurosurgical meningitis or healthcare-associated ventriculitis and meningitis (VM) is a severe infection that complicates central nervous system operations or is related to the use of neurosurgical devices or drainage catheters. It can further deteriorate patients who have already presented significant neurologic injury and is associated with high morbidity, mortality, and poor functional outcome. VM can be difficult to distinguish from aseptic meningitis, inflammation that follows hemorrhagic strokes and neurosurgical operations. The associated microorganisms can be either skin flora or nosocomial pathogens, most commonly, Gram-negative bacteria. Classical microbiology can fail to isolate the culprit pathogen. Novel cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and molecular microbiology can fill the diagnostic gap and expedite pathogen identification and treatment. The pathogens may demonstrate significant resistant patterns and their antibiotic treatment can be difficult, as many important drug classes, including the beta-lactams and the glycopeptides, hardly penetrate to the CSF, and do not achieve therapeutic levels at the site of the infection. Treatment modifications, such as higher daily dose and prolonged or continuous administration, might increase antibiotic levels in the site of infection and facilitate pathogens clearance. However, in the case of therapeutic failure or infection due to difficult-to-treat bacteria, the direct antibiotic instillation into the CSF, in addition to the intravenous antibiotic delivery, may help in the resolution of infection. However, intraventricular antibiotic therapy may result in aseptic meningitis and seizures, concerning the administration of aminoglycosides, polymyxins, and vancomycin. Meanwhile, bacteria form biofilms on the catheter or the device that should routinely be removed. Novel neurosurgical treatment modalities comprise endoscopic evacuation of debris and irrigation of the ventricles. VM prevention includes perioperative antibiotics, antimicrobial impregnated catheters, and the implementation of standardized protocols, regarding catheter insertion and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Karvouniaris
- Intensive Care Unit, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence: Marios Karvouniaris, ACHEPA University Hospital, S.Kiriakidi 1, Thessaloniki, 54636, Greece, Tel +302313303645, Fax +302313303096, Email
| | - Alexandros Brotis
- Neurosurgery Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Palli
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
| | - Despoina Koulenti
- Second Critical Care Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Flexible photoelectrochemical sensor for highly sensitive chloramphenicol detection based on M-TiO2-CdTe QDs/CdS QDs composite. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:2065-2078. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Tengeler AC, Emmerzaal TL, Geenen B, Verweij V, van Bodegom M, Morava E, Kiliaan AJ, Kozicz T. Early-adolescent antibiotic exposure results in mitochondrial and behavioral deficits in adult male mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12875. [PMID: 34145328 PMCID: PMC8213690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to antibiotic treatment has been associated with increased vulnerability to various psychiatric disorders. However, a research gap exists in understanding how adolescent antibiotic therapy affects behavior and cognition. Many antibiotics that target bacterial translation may also affect mitochondrial translation resulting in impaired mitochondrial function. The brain is one of the most metabolically active organs, and hence is the most vulnerable to impaired mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that exposure to antibiotics during early adolescence would directly affect brain mitochondrial function, and result in altered behavior and cognition. We administered amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, or gentamicin in the drinking water to young adolescent male wild-type mice. Next, we assayed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex activities in the cerebral cortex, performed behavioral screening and targeted mass spectrometry-based acylcarnitine profiling in the cerebral cortex. We found that mice exposed to chloramphenicol showed increased repetitive and compulsive-like behavior in the marble burying test, an accurate and sensitive assay of anxiety, concomitant with decreased mitochondrial complex IV activity. Our results suggest that only adolescent chloramphenicol exposure leads to impaired brain mitochondrial complex IV function, and could therefore be a candidate driver event for increased anxiety-like and repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C Tengeler
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim L Emmerzaal
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda van Bodegom
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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13
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Wang S, He B, Liang Y, Jin H, Wei M, Ren W, Suo Z, Wang J. Exonuclease III-Driven Dual-Amplified Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on PDDA-Gr/PtPd@Ni-Co Hollow Nanoboxes for Chloramphenicol Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26362-26372. [PMID: 34038999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a hierarchically porous Zr-MOF-labeled electrochemical aptasensor based on the composite of PtPd@Ni-Co hollow nanoboxes (PtPd@Ni-Co HNBs) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-functionalized graphene (PDDA-Gr) was developed for ultrasensitive detection of chloramphenicol (CAP). PtPd@Ni-Co HNBs have excellent conductivity and provide binding sites for aptamers; the functionalized PDDA-Gr improves its dispersibility and conductivity as a substrate material, which can be successfully used to increase the electrode surface area and support more PtPd@Ni-CoHNBs. Besides, hierarchically porous Zr-MOFs (HP-UiO-66) were utilized as signal probes and showed a stronger load capacity for signal molecules than conventional UiO-66. In the presence of CAP, two ingeniously designed Exo III-assisted cyclic amplification strategies further improved the sensitivity of the aptasensor: CAP causes cycle I to release a large amount of trigger DNA (Tr DNA), and then, Tr DNA initiated cycle II, which causes the exposed capture DNA to further bind the signal probes. With these advantages, the constructed aptasensors performed with satisfactory sensitivity in a wide linear range (10 fM-10 nM) and a detection limit of 0.985 fM. Several signal amplification strategies adopted in this study have effectively improved the performance of the sensor, providing a new avenue for the development of ultrasensitive sensors in the food analysis field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100#, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100#, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100#, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100#, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100#, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100#, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Suo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100#, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshui Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100#, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, People's Republic of China
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14
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Thomas C, Gwenin CD. The Role of Nitroreductases in Resistance to Nitroimidazoles. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:388. [PMID: 34062712 PMCID: PMC8147198 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major challenge facing modern medicine, with an estimated 700,000 people dying annually and a global cost in excess of $100 trillion. This has led to an increased need to develop new, effective treatments. This review focuses on nitroimidazoles, which have seen a resurgence in interest due to their broad spectrum of activity against anaerobic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The role of nitroreductases is to activate the antimicrobial by reducing the nitro group. A decrease in the activity of nitroreductases is associated with resistance. This review will discuss the resistance mechanisms of different disease organisms, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Helicobacter pylori and Staphylococcus aureus, and how these impact the effectiveness of specific nitroimidazoles. Perspectives in the field of nitroimidazole drug development are also summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Thomas
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK;
| | - Christopher D. Gwenin
- Department of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, 111 Ren’ai Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, China
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15
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Tsirogianni A, Kournoutou GG, Bougas A, Poulou-Sidiropoulou E, Dinos G, Athanassopoulos CM. New Chloramphenicol Derivatives with a Modified Dichloroacetyl Tail as Potential Antimicrobial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040394. [PMID: 33917453 PMCID: PMC8067500 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To combat the dangerously increasing pathogenic resistance to antibiotics, we developed new pharmacophores by chemically modifying a known antibiotic, which remains to this day the most familiar and productive way for novel antibiotic development. We used as a starting material the chloramphenicol base, which is the free amine group counterpart of the known chloramphenicol molecule antibiotic upon removal of its dichloroacetyl tail. To this free amine group, we tethered alpha- and beta-amino acids, mainly glycine, lysine, histidine, ornithine and/or beta-alanine. Furthermore, we introduced additional modifications to the newly incorporated amine groups either with protecting groups triphenylmethyl- (Trt) and tert-butoxycarbonyl- (Boc) or with the dichloroacetic group found also in the chloramphenicol molecule. The antimicrobial activity of all compounds was tested both in vivo and in vitro, and according to the results, the bis-dichloroacetyl derivative of ornithine displayed the highest antimicrobial activity both in vivo and in vitro and seems to be a dynamic new pharmacophore with room for further modification and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Tsirogianni
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Georgia G. Kournoutou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.G.K.); (A.B.); (E.P.-S.)
| | - Anthony Bougas
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.G.K.); (A.B.); (E.P.-S.)
| | - Eleni Poulou-Sidiropoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.G.K.); (A.B.); (E.P.-S.)
| | - George Dinos
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece; (G.G.K.); (A.B.); (E.P.-S.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (C.M.A.); Tel.: +30-2610-969-125 (G.D.); +30-2610-997-909 (C.M.A.)
| | - Constantinos M. Athanassopoulos
- Synthetic Organic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece;
- Correspondence: (G.D.); (C.M.A.); Tel.: +30-2610-969-125 (G.D.); +30-2610-997-909 (C.M.A.)
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16
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Kesavan G, Chen S. Manganese oxide anchored on carbon modified halloysite nanotubes: An electrochemical platform for the determination of chloramphenicol. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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Recent Trends in Synthesis of Chloramphenicol New Derivatives. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10040370. [PMID: 33807439 PMCID: PMC8066525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol (CAM), the bacteriostatic broad-spectrum antibiotic, isolated from Streptomyces venezuelae during the “golden era” of antibiotic discovery, nowadays has limited clinical potential due to adverse side effects and frequent antimicrobial resistance. Numerous CAM analogs were synthesized in order to find the derivatives with improved pharmacological properties and activity on resistant bacterial strains. This work aims to summarize the most recent achievements in obtaining new CAM analogs reported during the last five years. Current investigations are mainly focused on elucidating the molecular basis of the mode of CAM action and determining the mechanisms of resistance to this class of antibiotics or on studies of the possible use of the CAM scaffold to search for therapeutic agents with different CAM modes of action—such as selective antiproliferative agents or bacterial cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors. Hopefully, a deeper understanding of the CAM interactions with the target and its specificity will generate research ideas for developing new effective drugs.
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18
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Synergistic activity of fosfomycin and chloramphenicol against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) isolates from bloodstream infections. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 99:115241. [PMID: 33130503 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) infections are increasing. Current anti-VREfm options (linezolid and daptomycin) are suboptimal. Fosfomycin maintains good efficacy against VREfm and chloramphenicol is active against ≥ 90% of VREfm. We tested chloramphenicol + fosfomycin (CAF+FOS) against 10 VREfm isolated from blood. MICs were 64 to 512 µg/mL for fosfomycin and 8 to 16 µg/mL for chloramphenicol. The combination decreased both MICs, with a synergic effect in 50% of the isolates and an additive effect in the remaining 50%. Time-kill assays performed on fractional inhibitory concentration index ≤ 0.5 strains confirmed the synergism. The antibiotic combination at ¼ of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) caused a ≥ 2 log10 reduction compared to the two antibiotics alone. Finally, we provided a proof of concept of the in vitro efficacy of CAF+FOS in G. mellonella. The survival of G. mellonella larvae treated with the combination was significantly higher. The activity of fosfomycin and chloramphenicol against VREfm increases when they are used in combination.
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19
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Kim JJ, Seo KW, Mo IP, Lee YJ. Genetic Characterization of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum Isolates from Chicken in Korea. Avian Dis 2020; 63:584-590. [PMID: 31865672 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum is a nonmotile host-adapted Salmonella that causes fowl typhoid (FT), and an outbreak of FT is characterized by anorexia, greenish-yellow diarrhea, paleness, and sudden death with high mortality in poultry. To control and treat FT in commercial chickens, fluoroquinolones are widely used in Korea. This study aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Gallinarum isolates from 2014-18 from chicken in Korea. A total of 35 ciprofloxacin (CIP)-resistant Salmonella Gallinarum was tested, and 22 (62.9%) isolates were observed to have multidrug resistance. All isolates had a mutation at the Ser83 or Asp87 codon in the gyrA gene, whereas three isolates had only double mutations at Ser83 → Phe and Asp87 → Asn or Ser83 → Phe and Asp87 → Gly. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of isolates with double mutations were relatively higher (≥8 mg/L for CIP and ≥16 mg/L for enrofloxacin) than those of other isolates with a single mutation in gyrA. Among 35 CIP-resistant Salmonella Gallinarum, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were detected in six (17.1%) isolates, and qnrB and qnrS were detected in four and two isolates, respectively. In the distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes in 35 CIP-resistant Salmonella Gallinarum, ant(2″)-I (54.3%) was the most prevalent gene, followed by TEM-1 (14.3%), sul1 (11.4%), and cmlA (5.7%). Fifteen (42.9%) of the 35 CIP-resistant Salmonella Gallinarum also carried class 1 integrons, which showed five types of resistance gene cassettes: aadA2 (7 isolates), aadA2 + dfrA12 (5 isolates), and aadA1 + aad A2 (3 isolates). Among plasmid replicons, 23 isolates (65.7%) carried five different plasmid replicons: Frep (9 isolates), FIB (7 isolates), FIIA (6 isolates), B/O (4 isolates), and I1 (3 isolates). These results suggest that continued monitoring of fluoroquinolone resistance is necessary to preserve the effectiveness of fluoroquinolones in poultry and to surveil the transmission to humans through the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeom Joo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.,The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Kwang Won Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,The first two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - In Pil Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea,
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20
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Signalling and Bioactive Metabolites from Streptomyces sp. RK44. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030460. [PMID: 31979050 PMCID: PMC7037778 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces remains one of the prolific sources of structural diversity, and a reservoir to mine for novel natural products. Continued screening for new Streptomyces strains in our laboratory led to the isolation of Streptomyces sp. RK44 from the underexplored areas of Kintampo waterfalls, Ghana, Africa. Preliminary screening of the metabolites from this strain resulted in the characterization of a new 2-alkyl-4-hydroxymethylfuran carboxamide (AHFA) 1 together with five known compounds, cyclo-(L-Pro-Gly) 2, cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe) 3, cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Val) 4, cyclo-(L-Leu-Hyp) 5, and deferoxamine E 6. AHFA 1, a methylenomycin (MMF) homolog, exhibited anti-proliferative activity (EC50 = 89.6 µM) against melanoma A2058 cell lines. This activity, albeit weak is the first report amongst MMFs. Furthermore, the putative biosynthetic gene cluster (ahfa) was identified for the biosynthesis of AHFA 1. DFO-E 6 displayed potent anti-plasmodial activity (IC50 = 1.08 µM) against P. falciparum 3D7. High-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR ESIMS) and molecular network assisted the targeted-isolation process, and tentatively identified six AHFA analogues, 7–12 and six siderophores 13–18.
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21
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Zhao S, Wei C, Sun Z, Liu H, Zhou Y, Wang X, Li J, Gong B. Preparation of Restricted Access Media-Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for the Detection of Chloramphenicol in Bovine Serum. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:7930102. [PMID: 31915565 PMCID: PMC6930784 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7930102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol- (CAP-) restricted access media-molecularly imprinted polymers (CAP-RAM-MIPs) were prepared by precipitation polymerization using CAP as a template molecule, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEM) as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate (EDMA) as a crosslinking agent, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as an outer hydrophilic functional monomer, and acetonitrile as a pore former and solvent. The CAP-RAM-MIPs were successfully characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The adsorption performance was investigated in detail using static, dynamic, and selective adsorption experiments. Adsorption equilibrium could be reached within 11 min. The CAP-RAM-MIPs had a high adsorption rate and good specific adsorption properties. Scatchard fitting curves indicated there were two binding sites for CAP-RAM-MIPs. Adsorption was Freundlich multilayer adsorption and consistent with the quasi-second kinetic model. Using CAP-RAM-MIPs for selective separation and enrichment CAP in bovine serum in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), CAP recovery ranged from 94.1 to 97.9% with relative standard deviations of 0.7-1.5%. This material has broad application prospects in enrichment and separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanwen Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Chanling Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
- China Customs Ningxia Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine, Yinchuan 750000, China
| | - Zhian Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Huachun Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Yanqiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Bolin Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
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22
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She P, Zhou L, Li S, Liu Y, Xu L, Chen L, Luo Z, Wu Y. Synergistic Microbicidal Effect of Auranofin and Antibiotics Against Planktonic and Biofilm-Encased S. aureus and E. faecalis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2453. [PMID: 31708908 PMCID: PMC6821689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant/susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA/MSSA) and Enterococcus faecalis strains are often found in community- and hospital-acquired infections. The single use of conventional antibiotics hardly completely kills the bacterial cells of interest, especially in the form of biofilms. Thus, drug repurposing and antimicrobial combination are promising ways to solve this problem. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays against cocci in a suspension and in a biofilm mode of growth were performed with broth microdilution methods. Checkerboard assays and the cutaneous mouse infection model were used to examine the activity of auranofin and conventional antibiotics alone and in combination. In the present study, auranofin possesses potent antimicrobial activities against both planktonic cells and biofilms with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging 0.125–0.5 mg/L. Auranofin in combination with linezolid or fosfomycin showed synergistic antimicrobial activities against S. aureus MSSA and MRSA both in vitro and in vivo. Similarly, auranofin also behaved synergistic effect with chloramphenicol against E. faecalis. Additionally, auranofin improved the antibiofilm efficacy of chloramphenicol and linezolid, even on the biofilms grown on a catheter surface. Though, S. epidermidis showed significant susceptibility to AF treatment, no synergistic antimicrobial effects were observed with antibiotics we tested. In all, the use of a combination of auranofin with linezolid, fosfomycin, and chloramphenicol can provide a synergistic microbicidal effect in vitro and in vivo, which rapidly enhances antimicrobial activity and may help prevent or delay the emergence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Linying Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shijia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lanlan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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23
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Sustained-release microparticle dry powders of chloramphenicol palmitate or thiamphenicol palmitate prodrugs for lung delivery as aerosols. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:105028. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nozaka A, Nishiwaki A, Nagashima Y, Endo S, Kuroki M, Nakajima M, Narukawa M, Kamisuki S, Arazoe T, Taguchi H, Sugawara F, Kamakura T. Chloramphenicol inhibits eukaryotic Ser/Thr phosphatase and infection-specific cell differentiation in the rice blast fungus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9283. [PMID: 31243315 PMCID: PMC6594944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol (Cm) is a broad-spectrum classic antibiotic active against prokaryotic organisms. However, Cm has severe side effects in eukaryotes of which the cause remains unknown. The plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, which causes rice blast, forms an appressorium to infect the host cell via single-cell differentiation. Chloramphenicol specifically inhibits appressorium formation, which indicates that Cm has a novel molecular target (or targets) in the rice blast fungus. Application of the T7 phage display method inferred that MoDullard, a Ser/Thr-protein phosphatase, may be a target of Cm. In animals Dullard functions in cell differentiation and protein synthesis, but in fungi its role is poorly understood. In vivo and in vitro analyses showed that MoDullard is required for appressorium formation, and that Cm can bind to and inhibit MoDullard function. Given that human phosphatase CTDSP1 complemented the MoDullard function during appressorium formation by M. oryzae, CTDSP1 may be a novel molecular target of Cm in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Nozaka
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Ayaka Nishiwaki
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuka Nagashima
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Misa Kuroki
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakajima
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Megumi Narukawa
- Osaka University, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Department of Molecular Microbiology, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- Azabu University, Department of Veterinary Science, Laboratory of Basic Education, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Takayuki Arazoe
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hayao Taguchi
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Fumio Sugawara
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamakura
- Tokyo University of Science, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan.
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Li C, Luo F, Duan H, Dong F, Chen X, Feng M, Zhang Z, Cizmas L, Sharma VK. Degradation of chloramphenicol by chlorine and chlorine dioxide in a pilot-scale water distribution system. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Green KD, Fosso MY, Mayhoub AS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Investigating the promiscuity of the chloramphenicol nitroreductase from Haemophilus influenzae towards the reduction of 4-nitrobenzene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1127-1132. [PMID: 30826292 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Chloramphenicol nitroreductase (CNR), a drug-modifying enzyme from Haemophilus influenzae, has been shown to be responsible for the conversion of the nitro group into an amine in the antibiotic chloramphenicol (CAM). Since CAM structurally bears a 4-nitrobenzene moiety, we explored the substrate promiscuity of CNR by investigating its nitroreduction of 4-nitrobenzyl derivatives. We tested twenty compounds containing a nitrobenzene core, two nitropyridines, one compound with a vinylogous nitro group, and two aliphatic nitro compounds. In addition, we also synthesized twenty-eight 4-nitrobenzyl derivatives with ether, ester, and thioether substituents and assessed the relative activity of CNR in their presence. We found several of these compounds to be modified by CNR, with the enzyme activity ranging from 1 to 150% when compared to CAM. This data provides insights into two areas: (i) chemoenzymatic reduction of select compounds to avoid harsh chemicals and heavy metals routinely used in reductions of nitro groups and (ii) functional groups that would aid CAM in overcoming the activity of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith D Green
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Marina Y Fosso
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Abdelrahman S Mayhoub
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- University of Kentucky, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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Crofts TS, Sontha P, King AO, Wang B, Biddy BA, Zanolli N, Gaumnitz J, Dantas G. Discovery and Characterization of a Nitroreductase Capable of Conferring Bacterial Resistance to Chloramphenicol. Cell Chem Biol 2019; 26:559-570.e6. [PMID: 30799223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Widespread antibiotic resistance has led to the reappraisal of abandoned antibiotics including chloramphenicol. However, enzyme(s) underlying one form of chloramphenicol resistance, nitroreduction, have eluded identification. Here we demonstrate that expression of the Haemophilus influenzae nitroreductase gene nfsB confers chloramphenicol resistance in Escherichia coli. We characterized the enzymatic product of H. influenzae NfsB acting on chloramphenicol and found it to be amino-chloramphenicol. Kinetic analysis revealed reduction of diverse substrates including the incomplete reduction of 5-nitro antibiotics metronidazole and nitrofurantoin, likely resulting in activation of these antibiotic pro-drugs to their cytotoxic forms. We observed that expression of the H. influenzae nfsB gene in E. coli results in significantly increased susceptibility to metronidazole. Finally, we found that in this strain metronidazole attenuates chloramphenicol resistance synergistically, and in vitro metronidazole weakly inhibits chloramphenicol reduction by NfsB. Our findings reveal the underpinnings of a chloramphenicol resistance mechanism nearly 70 years after its description.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence S Crofts
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Pratyush Sontha
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amber O King
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Brent A Biddy
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Zanolli
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Gaumnitz
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gautam Dantas
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Ruan Y, Wu R, Lam JCW, Zhang K, Lam PKS. Seasonal occurrence and fate of chiral pharmaceuticals in different sewage treatment systems in Hong Kong: Mass balance, enantiomeric profiling, and risk assessment. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 149:607-616. [PMID: 30522053 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Concern about the presence of chiral pharmaceuticals in the environment from wastewater discharge is mounting. In this work, the occurrence and fate of atenolol, metoprolol, venlafaxine, and chloramphenicol, including 10 different stereoisomers, were investigated in sewage and sludge from diverse treatment processes in 4 sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Hong Kong via 4 sampling campaigns over a period of 2 years. The average amounts of individual pharmaceuticals entering the STPs ranged from 4.91 g/d to 6290 g/d, with sludge carrying much lower amounts than the discharged effluent. Mass balance analysis revealed that: larger quantities of these pharmaceuticals were released during the dry seasons, biodegradation was the primary removal mechanism for atenolol and chloramphenicol, and the removal via primary sedimentation and disinfection processes was insignificant (<30%). Selectivity toward R-(+)-atenolol, S-(-)-metoprolol, and R-(-)-venlafaxine was mostly found across secondary-treated effluent samples. Sold as an enantiopure pharmaceutical in R,R-para-form, chloramphenicol was preferentially eliminated after biological process. This is the first study on the occurrence of chloramphenicol enantiomers in the aquatic environment. Ecotoxicological assessment indicated that atenolol and metoprolol could pose risks to marine fish in effluent-receiving waters (i.e., the western waters and Victoria Harbor) of Hong Kong, while R-(+)-atenolol could pose a risk to protozoans five times higher than the S-(-)-enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rongben Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - James C W Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong of Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for the Sustainable Use of Marine Biodiversity, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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Hsu HL, Liao PL, Cheng YW, Huang SH, Wu CH, Li CH, Kang JJ. Chloramphenicol Induces Autophagy and Inhibits the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 Alpha Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010157. [PMID: 30609861 PMCID: PMC6337541 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloramphenicol is an inexpensive and excellent bactericidal antibiotic. It is used to combat anaerobic infections in the Third World countries, whereas its systemic application has been abandoned in developed countries. However, in recent years, clinicians have reintroduced chloramphenicol in clinical practice. In this study, chloramphenicol was found to repress the oxygen-labile transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), in hypoxic A549 and H1299 cells. Furthermore, it suppressed the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and glucose transporter 1, eventually decreasing VEGF release. Chloramphenicol initiated the autophagy pathway in treated cells, as observed by the increase in formation of Atg12-Atg5 conjugates, and in beclin-1 and LC3-II levels. The chloramphenicol-mediated HIF-1α degradation was completely reverted by autophagic flux blockage. In HIF-1α-overexpressing cells, the formation of HIF-1α/SENP-1 (Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease 1) protein complex seemed to facilitate the escape of HIF-1α from degradation. Chloramphenicol inhibited HIF-1α/SENP-1 protein interaction, thereby destabilizing HIF-1α protein. The enhancement in HIF-1α degradation due to chloramphenicol was evident during the incubation of the antibiotic before hypoxia and after HIF-1α accumulation. Since HIF-1α plays multiple roles in infections, inflammation, and cancer cell stemness, our findings suggest a potential clinical value of chloramphenicol in the treatment of these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Lin Hsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Hsuan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hua Wu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Hao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine; Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Jaw-Jou Kang
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
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31
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Aldeek F, Hsieh KC, Ugochukwu ON, Gerard G, Hammack W. Accurate Quantitation and Analysis of Nitrofuran Metabolites, Chloramphenicol, and Florfenicol in Seafood by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Method Validation and Regulatory Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5018-5030. [PMID: 29283576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We developed and validated a method for the extraction, identification, and quantitation of four nitrofuran metabolites, 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), semicarbazide (SC), and 1-aminohydantoin (AHD), as well as chloramphenicol and florfenicol in a variety of seafood commodities. Samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction techniques, analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), and quantitated using commercially sourced, derivatized nitrofuran metabolites, with their isotopically labeled internal standards in-solvent. We obtained recoveries of 90-100% at various fortification levels. The limit of detection (LOD) was set at 0.25 ng/g for AMOZ and AOZ, 1 ng/g for AHD and SC, and 0.1 ng/g for the phenicols. Various extraction methods, standard stability, derivatization efficiency, and improvements to conventional quantitation techniques were also investigated. We successfully applied this method to the identification and quantitation of nitrofuran metabolites and phenicols in 102 imported seafood products. Our results revealed that four of the samples contained residues from banned veterinary drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Aldeek
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| | - Kevin C Hsieh
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| | - Obiadada N Ugochukwu
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| | - Ghislain Gerard
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
| | - Walter Hammack
- Division of Food Safety , Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services , 3125 Conner Boulevard , Tallahassee , Florida 32399-1650 , United States
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Davido B, Bouchand F, Dinh A, Perronne C, Villart M, Senard O, Salomon J. Reinforcement of an antimicrobial stewardship task force aims at a better use of antibiotics of last resort: the COLITIFOS study. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 50:142-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mahmoudi S, Mahzari M, Banar M, Pourakbari B, Haghi Ashtiani MT, Mohammadi M, Keshavarz Valian S, Mamishi S. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections in an Iranian referral paediatric hospital: A 5.5-year study. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 11:17-22. [PMID: 28729206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a major cause of paediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study describes the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) from BSIs in children admitted to an Iranian paediatric hospital. METHODS Clinical and microbiological data of patients with positive blood cultures were collected from March 2011 to September 2016. Standard laboratory methods were used for blood culture and bacterial identification. Antimicrobial sensitivity was evaluated by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. RESULTS Of 2325 bacterial pathogens isolated from blood cultures, 41.1% (n=956) were GNB. Most clinical isolates (n=208; 21.8%) were identified in the cardiac intensive care unit. Predominant bacterial isolates were Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae (n=263; 27.5%), Escherichia coli (n=192; 20.1%), Serratia marcescens (n=151; 15.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=111; 11.6%) and Enterobacter spp. (n=100; 10.5%). Enterobacter isolates showed a high level of ampicillin resistance. Escherichia coli were highly resistant to chloramphenicol (100%), cefixime (100%), ceftriaxone (100%) and ampicillin (96%). Cefixime had the least efficacy against Haemophilus spp. (100% resistant). All K. pneumoniae (100%) were ampicillin-resistant. All S. marcescens were ceftazidime-resistant. No Acinetobacter baumannii were resistant to colistin. All P. aeruginosa were resistant to cefotaxime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the increasing trend in antibiotic resistance among GNB associated with BSI in children, emphasising the importance of continuous screening and surveillance programmes for detection of antibiotic resistance in BSI pathogens for selection of appropriate treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mahmoudi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mahzari
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Banar
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Pourakbari
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Setareh Mamishi
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gumuscu B, Albers HJ, van den Berg A, Eijkel JCT, van der Meer AD. Compartmentalized 3D Tissue Culture Arrays under Controlled Microfluidic Delivery. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3381. [PMID: 28611357 PMCID: PMC5469754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate an in vitro microfluidic cell culture platform that consists of periodic 3D hydrogel compartments with controllable shapes. The microchip is composed of approximately 500 discontinuous collagen gel compartments locally patterned in between PDMS pillars, separated by microfluidic channels. The typical volume of each compartment is 7.5 nanoliters. The compartmentalized design of the microchip and continuous fluid delivery enable long-term culturing of Caco-2 human intestine cells. We found that the cells started to spontaneously grow into 3D folds on day 3 of the culture. On day 8, Caco-2 cells were co-cultured for 36 hours under microfluidic perfusion with intestinal bacteria (E. coli) which did not overgrow in the system, and adhered to the Caco-2 cells without affecting cell viability. Continuous perfusion enabled the preliminary evaluation of drug effects by treating the co-culture of Caco-2 and E. coli with 34 µg ml-1 chloramphenicol during 36 hours, resulting in the death of the bacteria. Caco-2 cells were also cultured in different compartment geometries with large and small hydrogel interfaces, leading to differences in proliferation and cell spreading profile of Caco-2 cells. The presented approach of compartmentalized cell culture with facile microfluidic control can substantially increase the throughput of in vitro drug screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gumuscu
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Hugo J Albers
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies Group, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Revival of old antibiotics: needs, the state of evidence and expectations. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017; 49:536-541. [PMID: 28162982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The gap between the emergence of antibiotic resistance and new antibiotic development has drawn attention to old antibiotics whose spectrum of coverage frequently comprises highly resistant bacteria. However, these antibiotics have frequently not undergone the structured process of antibiotic development of modern antibiotics, from pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies establishing safe and effective dosing, establishment of susceptibility breakpoints, to clinical trials establishing clinical safety and effectiveness. In this review, we highlight the gaps for which we need old antibiotics in community- and hospital-acquired infections. Reviewing recently published and ongoing randomised controlled trials (RCTs) shows advances in our understanding of the efficacy and effectiveness of oral fosfomycin, mecillinam and nitrofurantoin for cystitis, and of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for complicated skin infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community. Summarising older evidence shows the inferiority of chloramphenicol versus modern antibiotics for severe infections. We lack studies on severe infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and other multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospitalised and critically ill patients; ongoing studies assessing colistin and intravenous fosfomycin might fill in some gaps. In the re-development process of old antibiotics, we mandate modern PK/PD studies comprising special populations as well as RCTs addressing the target population of patients in need of these antibiotics powered to examine patient-relevant outcomes. Structured antibiotic re-development from the laboratory to evidence-based treatment recommendations requires public funding, multidisciplinary collaboration, international co-ordination, and methods to streamline the recruitment of critically ill patients infected by MDR bacteria.
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Aminov R. History of antimicrobial drug discovery: Major classes and health impact. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 133:4-19. [PMID: 27720719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of antibiotics into clinical practice revolutionized the treatment and management of infectious diseases. Before the introduction of antibiotics, these diseases were the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in human populations. This review presents a brief history of discovery of the main antimicrobial classes (arsphenamines, β-lactams, sulphonamides, polypeptides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, amphenicols, lipopeptides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, glycopeptides, streptogramins, ansamycins, quinolones, and lincosamides) that have changed the landscape of contemporary medicine. Given within a historical timeline context, the review discusses how the introduction of certain antimicrobial classes affected the morbidity and mortality rates due to bacterial infectious diseases in human populations. Problems of resistance to antibiotics of different classes are also extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rustam Aminov
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, United Kingdom.
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Ahmad T, Dansereau J, Hébert M, Grand-Maître C, Larivée A, Siddiqui A, Gagnon A. Preparation of 3-O-aryl chloramphenicol derivatives via chemoselective copper-catalyzed O-arylation of (1R,2R)-(−)-N-BOC-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol using triarylbismuthines. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Baxter M, Jacobson K, Albur M. Moxifloxacin should not be discounted in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. J Infect 2016; 73:173-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sood S. Chloramphenicol - A Potent Armament Against Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) Gram Negative Bacilli? J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:DC01-3. [PMID: 27042458 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/14989.7167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria cause infections which are hard to treat and cause high morbidity and mortality. Due to limited therapeutic options there is a renewed interest upon older antimicrobials which had fallen into disuse as a result of toxic side effects. One such antibiotic is chloramphenicol which was sidelined due to reports linking its use with the development of aplastic anaemia. AIM A study was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of chloramphenicol in light of the emerging problem of multi-drug resistant gram negative bacteria (MDR GNB). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 483 MDR GNB of the 650 consecutive Gram Negative Bacteria isolated from various clinical samples of patients admitted at a tertiary care hospital in Jaipur between January-June 2014 were screened for chloramphenicol susceptibility by the disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines. RESULTS The MDR GNB isolates were obtained from 217 (45%) urine, 163 (34%) from respiratory samples, 52(11%) from pus, 42 (9%) from blood and 9 (2%) from body fluids. A 68% of the MDR GNB isolates were found to be sensitive to chloramphenicol. CONCLUSION Clinicians should always check for the local susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria to chloramphenicol. This antibiotic has a potential to play a role in the therapeutic management of infections due to MDR GNB pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Sood
- Senior Microbiologist, Department of Laboratory Medicine (SRL Ltd.), Fortis Escorts Hospital , Jaipur, India
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Baynes RE, Dedonder K, Kissell L, Mzyk D, Marmulak T, Smith G, Tell L, Gehring R, Davis J, Riviere JE. Health concerns and management of select veterinary drug residues. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 88:112-22. [PMID: 26751035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this manuscript is to review the potential adverse health effects in humans if exposed to residues of selected veterinary drugs used in food-producing animals. Our other objectives are to briefly inform the reader of why many of these drugs are or were approved for use in livestock production and how drug residues can be mitigated for these drugs. The selected drugs include several antimicrobials, beta agonists, and phenylbutazone. The antimicrobials continue to be of regulatory concern not only because of their acute adverse effects but also because their use as growth promoters have been linked to antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, nitroimidazoles and arsenicals are no longer approved for use in food animals in most jurisdictions. In recent years, the risk assessment and risk management of beta agonists, have been the focus of national and international agencies and this manuscript attempts to review the pharmacology of these drugs and regulatory challenges. Several of the drugs selected for this review can cause noncancer effects (e.g., penicillins) and others are potential carcinogens (e.g., nitroimidazoles). This review also focuses on how regulatory and independent organizations manage the risk of these veterinary drugs based on data from human health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Danielle Mzyk
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27607, USA
| | | | - Geof Smith
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27607, USA
| | - Lisa Tell
- University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Theuretzbacher U, Paul M. Revival of old antibiotics: structuring the re-development process to optimize usage. Clin Microbiol Infect 2015; 21:878-80. [PMID: 26119721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M Paul
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Rambam Health Care Campus and Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Rosy R, Goyal RN, Shim YB. Glutaraldehyde sandwiched amino functionalized polymer based aptasensor for the determination and quantification of chloramphenicol. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly sensitive determination of chloramphenicol has been carried out using glutaraldehyde sandwiched polymer based aptasensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Rosy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247 667
- India
| | - Rajendra N. Goyal
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee – 247 667
- India
| | - Yoon-Bo Shim
- Department of Chemistry and Institute of Bio-Physico Sensor Technology
- Pusan National University
- Busan 609-735
- South Korea
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