1
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O’Neill CE, Sun K, Sundararaman S, Chang JC, Glynn SA. The impact of nitric oxide on HER family post-translational modification and downstream signaling in cancer. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1358850. [PMID: 38601214 PMCID: PMC11004480 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1358850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family consists of four members, activated by two families of ligands. They are known for mediating cell-cell interactions in organogenesis, and their deregulation has been associated with various cancers, including breast and esophageal cancers. In particular, aberrant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and HER2 signaling drive disease progression and result in poorer patient outcomes. Nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed as an alternative activator of the HER family and may play a role in this aberrant activation due to its ability to induce s-nitrosation and phosphorylation of the EGFR. This review discusses the potential impact of NO on HER family activation and downstream signaling, along with its role in the efficacy of therapeutics targeting the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara E. O’Neill
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kai Sun
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jenny C. Chang
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Dr Mary and Ron Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sharon A. Glynn
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, Discipline of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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2
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Yoshida H, Yokota S, Satoh K, Ishisaki A, Chosa N. Connective tissue growth factor enhances TGF-β1-induced osteogenic differentiation via activation of p38 MAPK in mesenchymal stem cells. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:68-75. [PMID: 38266705 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cellular differentiation is based on the effects of various growth factors. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays a pivotal role in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, we investigated the influence of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), known to function synergistically with TGF-β1, on osteogenic differentiation in MSCs. METHODS UE7T-13 cells were treated with TGF-β1 and/or CTGF. Subsequently, protein levels of intracellular signaling pathway molecules were determined through western blot analysis. The mRNA expression levels of osteogenic differentiation markers were investigated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Bone matrix mineralization was evaluated through alizarin red staining. RESULTS Co-treatment with TGF-β1 and CTGF resulted in the suppression of TGF-β1-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, an intracellular signaling pathway molecule in MSCs, while significantly enhancing the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In MSCs, co-treatment with CTGF and TGF-β1 led to increased expression levels of alkaline phosphatase and type I collagen, markers of osteogenic differentiation induced by TGF-β1. Osteopontin expression was observed only after TGF-β1 and CTGF co-treatment. Notably, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin were significantly upregulated by treatment with CTGF alone. Furthermore, CTGF enhanced the TGF-β1-induced mineralization in MSCs, with complete suppression observed after treatment with a p38 MAPK inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS CTGF enhances TGF-β1-induced osteogenic differentiation and subsequent mineralization in MSCs by predominantly activating the p38 MAPK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Yoshida
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan; Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Seiji Yokota
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Kazuro Satoh
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Developmental Oral Health Science, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Chosa
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Iwate, 028-3694, Japan.
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3
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Amano H, Inoue T, Kusano T, Fukaya D, Kosakai W, Okada H. Module 4-Deficient CCN2/Connective Tissue Growth Factor Attenuates the Progression of Renal Fibrosis via Suppression of Focal Adhesion Kinase Phosphorylation in Tubular Epithelial Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2023; 43:515-530. [PMID: 37746701 PMCID: PMC10569360 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2253130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN2/connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) potentially serves as a therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease. Here we investigated CCN2 module-4, encoded by Ccn2 exon 5, through the generation of Ccn2 exon 5 knockout mice (Ex5-/- mice). To investigate renal fibrosis pathogenesis, Ex5-/- mice were employed to model unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), unilateral ischemic-reperfusion injury (UIRI), and 5/6 nephrectomy. Interstitial fibrosis was significantly attenuated in the Ex5-/- mice in the three models. Furthermore, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) levels in tubular epithelial cells were significantly lower in the kidneys of the UUO- and UIRI-Ex5-/- mice than those of the Ex5+/+ mice. Moreover, CCN2 module 4-mediated renal tubule FAK and promoted fibrosis. These findings indicate that CCN2 module-4-FAK pathway components will serve as therapeutic targets for effectively attenuating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Amano
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeru Kusano
- General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Daichi Fukaya
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Wakako Kosakai
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okada
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
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4
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Rayego-Mateos S, Marquez-Exposito L, Basantes P, Tejedor-Santamaria L, Sanz AB, Nguyen TQ, Goldschmeding R, Ortiz A, Ruiz-Ortega M. CCN2 Activates RIPK3, NLRP3 Inflammasome, and NRF2/Oxidative Pathways Linked to Kidney Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1541. [PMID: 37627536 PMCID: PMC10451214 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key characteristic of both acute and chronic kidney diseases. Preclinical data suggest the involvement of the NLRP3/Inflammasome, receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 (RIPK3), and NRF2/oxidative pathways in the regulation of kidney inflammation. Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2, also called CTGF in the past) is an established fibrotic biomarker and a well-known mediator of kidney damage. CCN2 was shown to be involved in kidney damage through the regulation of proinflammatory and profibrotic responses. However, to date, the potential role of the NLRP3/RIPK3/NRF2 pathways in CCN2 actions has not been evaluated. In experimental acute kidney injury induced with folic acid in mice, CCN2 deficiency diminished renal inflammatory cell infiltration (monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes) as well as the upregulation of proinflammatory genes and the activation of NLRP3/Inflammasome-related components and specific cytokine products, such as IL-1β. Moreover, the NRF2/oxidative pathway was deregulated. Systemic administration of CCN2 to C57BL/6 mice induced kidney immune cell infiltration and activated the NLRP3 pathway. RIPK3 deficiency diminished the CCN2-induced renal upregulation of proinflammatory mediators and prevented NLRP3 modulation. These data suggest that CCN2 plays a fundamental role in sterile inflammation and acute kidney injury by modulating the RIKP3/NLRP3/NRF2 inflammatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pamela Basantes
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Tejedor-Santamaria
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B. Sanz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Tri Q. Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04.312, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.Q.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04.312, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (T.Q.N.); (R.G.)
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.B.S.); (A.O.)
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (P.B.); (L.T.-S.)
- Ricor2040, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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5
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Janczi T, Fehrl Y, Kinne RW, Böhm B, Burkhardt H. The role of YAP1 target gene CTGF in the anoikis resistance of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:850-860. [PMID: 35713503 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse pro-survival mechanisms elicited in RA synovial fibroblasts (RASFs) upon detachment from their extracellular matrix dependent on the disintegrin metalloproteinase ADAM15 and Yes-associated protein kinase 1 (YAP1). METHODS Detachment-induced apoptosis was determined by caspase 3/7 assays. Immunofluorescent stainings, cell surface biotinylation and immunoblotting were applied to analyse phosphorylated kinases and subcellular localization of YAP1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Caspase and transwell transmigration assays served to study CTGF function. RESULTS Silencing of ADAM15 or YAP1 in RASFs leads to significantly increased levels of detachment-induced caspase activity. In non-silenced RASFs detachment causes simultaneous ADAM15-enhanced phosphorylation of YAP1 at S127, known for promoting its cytoplasmic localization, and Src-dependent phosphorylation at tyrosine Y357. The majority of nuclear YAP1 leaves the nucleus shortly after cell detachment, but prolonged detachment causes a marked nuclear re-entry of YAP1, resulting in significantly increased synthesis of CTGF. The newly synthesized CTGF, however, is not detectable in the supernatant, but is bound to the outside of the plasma membrane. In vitro studies demonstrated autocrine binding of CTGF to the EGF receptor and β1 integrin, with concomitant triggering of survival kinases, AKT1, ERK1/2, Src and focal adhesion kinase. Functional studies revealed anti-apoptotic effects of CTGF on detached RASFs and an enhancement of their potential for endothelial transmigration using HUVEC-coated transwells. CONCLUSION The elucidation of a new molecular mechanism that protects RASFs in the highly pro-apoptotic environment of inflamed RA joints by promoting anoikis-resistance and transendothelial migration via ADAM15/YAP1-mediated CTGF upregulation uncovers potentially new targets for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Janczi
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Yuliya Fehrl
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Raimund W Kinne
- Experimental Rheumatology Unit, Jena University Hospital, Waldkliniken Eisenberg GmbH, Eisenberg
| | - Beate Böhm
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main.,Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP.,Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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6
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Harris RC. The Role of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cells 2022; 11:3416. [PMID: 36359813 PMCID: PMC9656309 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in numerous cell types in the adult mammalian kidney and is activated by a family of EGF-like ligands. EGFR activation has been implicated in a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic functions. There is increasing evidence that aberrant EGFR activation is a mediator of progressive kidney injury in diabetic kidney disease. This review will highlight recent studies indicating its potential role and mechanisms of injury of both glomerular and tubular cells in development and progression of diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; ; Tel.: +1-615-202-9426
- Tennessee and Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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7
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Kubota S, Kawata K, Hattori T, Nishida T. Molecular and Genetic Interactions between CCN2 and CCN3 behind Their Yin-Yang Collaboration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23115887. [PMID: 35682564 PMCID: PMC9180607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network factor (CCN) 2 and 3 are the members of the CCN family that conduct the harmonized development of a variety of tissues and organs under interaction with multiple biomolecules in the microenvironment. Despite their striking structural similarities, these two members show contrastive molecular functions as well as temporospatial emergence in living tissues. Typically, CCN2 promotes cell growth, whereas CCN3 restrains it. Where CCN2 is produced, CCN3 disappears. Nevertheless, these two proteins collaborate together to execute their mission in a yin–yang fashion. The apparent functional counteractions of CCN2 and CCN3 can be ascribed to their direct molecular interaction and interference over the cofactors that are shared by the two. Recent studies have revealed the mutual negative regulation systems between CCN2 and CCN3. Moreover, the simultaneous and bidirectional regulatory system of CCN2 and CCN3 is also being clarified. It is of particular note that these regulations were found to be closely associated with glycolysis, a fundamental procedure of energy metabolism. Here, the molecular interplay and metabolic gene regulation that enable the yin–yang collaboration of CCN2 and CCN3 typically found in cartilage development/regeneration and fibrosis are described.
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8
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Rao KS, Kloppenburg JE, Marquis T, Solomon L, McElroy-Yaggy KL, Spees JL. CTGF-D4 Amplifies LRP6 Signaling to Promote Grafts of Adult Epicardial-derived Cells That Improve Cardiac Function After Myocardial Infarction. Stem Cells 2022; 40:204-214. [PMID: 35257185 PMCID: PMC9199845 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of stem/progenitor cells holds promise for cardiac regeneration in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Currently, however, low cell survival and engraftment after transplantation present a major barrier to many forms of cell therapy. One issue is that ligands, receptors, and signaling pathways that promote graft success remain poorly understood. Here, we prospectively isolate uncommitted epicardial cells from the adult heart surface by CD104 (β-4 integrin) and demonstrate that C-terminal peptide from connective tissue growth factor (CTGF-D4), when combined with insulin, effectively primes epicardial-derived cells (EPDC) for cardiac engraftment after MI. Similar to native epicardial derivatives that arise from epicardial EMT at the heart surface, the grafted cells migrated into injured myocardial tissue in a rat model of MI with reperfusion. By echocardiography, at 1 month after MI, we observed significant improvement in cardiac function for animals that received epicardial cells primed with CTGF-D4/insulin compared with those that received vehicle-primed (control) cells. In the presence of insulin, CTGF-D4 treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of Wnt co-receptor LRP6 on EPDC. Competitive engraftment assays and neutralizing/blocking studies showed that LRP6 was required for EPDC engraftment after transplantation. Our results identify LRP6 as a key target for increasing EPDC engraftment after MI and suggest amplification of LRP6 signaling with CTGF-D4/insulin, or by other means, may provide an effective approach for achieving successful cellular grafts in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika S Rao
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jessica E Kloppenburg
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Taylor Marquis
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Laura Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Keara L McElroy-Yaggy
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Spees
- Department of Medicine, Stem Cell Core, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
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9
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Rayego-Mateos S, Morgado-Pascual JL, Lavoz C, Rodrigues-Díez RR, Márquez-Expósito L, Tejera-Muñoz A, Tejedor-Santamaría L, Rubio-Soto I, Marchant V, Ruiz-Ortega M. CCN2 Binds to Tubular Epithelial Cells in the Kidney. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020252. [PMID: 35204752 PMCID: PMC8869303 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network-2 (CCN2), also called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), is considered a fibrotic biomarker and has been suggested as a potential therapeutic target for kidney pathologies. CCN2 is a matricellular protein with four distinct structural modules that can exert a dual function as a matricellular protein and as a growth factor. Previous experiments using surface plasmon resonance and cultured renal cells have demonstrated that the C-terminal module of CCN2 (CCN2(IV)) interacts with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, CCN2(IV) activates proinflammatory and profibrotic responses in the mouse kidney. The aim of this paper was to locate the in vivo cellular CCN2/EGFR binding sites in the kidney. To this aim, the C-terminal module CCN2(IV) was labeled with a fluorophore (Cy5), and two different administration routes were employed. Both intraperitoneal and direct intra-renal injection of Cy5-CCN2(IV) in mice demonstrated that CCN2(IV) preferentially binds to the tubular epithelial cells, while no signal was detected in glomeruli. Moreover, co-localization of Cy5-CCN2(IV) binding and activated EGFR was found in tubules. In cultured tubular epithelial cells, live-cell confocal microscopy experiments showed that EGFR gene silencing blocked Cy5-CCN2(IV) binding to tubuloepithelial cells. These data clearly show the existence of CCN2/EGFR binding sites in the kidney, mainly in tubular epithelial cells. In conclusion, these studies show that circulating CCN2(IV) can directly bind and activate tubular cells, supporting the role of CCN2 as a growth factor involved in kidney damage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carolina Lavoz
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | - Raúl R. Rodrigues-Díez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Márquez-Expósito
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaría
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Rubio-Soto
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Vanessa Marchant
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (A.T.-M.); (L.T.-S.); (I.R.-S.); (V.M.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDinREN), Av. de Monforte de Lemos, 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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10
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Hashiguchi S, Tanaka T, Mano R, Kondo S, Kodama S. CCN2-induced lymphangiogenesis is mediated by the integrin αvβ5-ERK pathway and regulated by DUSP6. Sci Rep 2022; 12:926. [PMID: 35042954 PMCID: PMC8766563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis is essential for the development of the lymphatic system and is important for physiological processes such as homeostasis, metabolism and immunity. Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2, also known as CTGF), is a modular and matricellular protein and a well-known angiogenic factor in physiological and pathological angiogenesis. However, its roles in lymphangiogenesis and intracellular signaling in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of CCN2 on lymphangiogenesis. In in vivo Matrigel plug assays, exogenous CCN2 increased the number of Podoplanin-positive vessels. Subsequently, we found that CCN2 induced phosphorylation of ERK in primary cultured LECs, which was almost completely inhibited by the blockade of integrin αvβ5 and partially decreased by the blockade of integrin αvβ3. CCN2 promoted direct binding of ERK to dual-specific phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), which regulated the activation of excess ERK by dephosphorylating ERK. In vitro, CCN2 promoted tube formation in LECs, while suppression of Dusp6 further increased tube formation. In vivo, immunohistochemistry also detected ERK phosphorylation and DUSP6 expression in Podoplanin-positive cells on CCN2-supplemented Matrigel. These results indicated that CCN2 promotes lymphangiogenesis by enhancing integrin αvβ5-mediated phosphorylation of ERK and demonstrated that DUSP6 is a negative regulator of excessive lymphangiogenesis by CCN2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Hashiguchi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Mano
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kondo
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohta Kodama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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11
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Tejera-Muñoz A, Marquez-Exposito L, Tejedor-Santamaría L, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Suarez-Álvarez B, López-Larrea C, Ruíz-Ortega M, Rodrigues-Díez RR. CCN2 Increases TGF-β Receptor Type II Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Essential Role of CCN2 in the TGF-β Pathway Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:375. [PMID: 35008801 PMCID: PMC8745763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2/CTGF) has been traditionally described as a mediator of the fibrotic responses induced by other factors including the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). However, several studies have defined a direct role of CCN2 acting as a growth factor inducing oxidative and proinflammatory responses. The presence of CCN2 and TGF-β together in the cellular context has been described as a requisite to induce a persistent fibrotic response, but the precise mechanisms implicated in this relation are not described yet. Considering the main role of TGF-β receptors (TβR) in the TGF-β pathway activation, our aim was to investigate the effects of CCN2 in the regulation of TβRI and TβRII levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While no differences were observed in TβRI levels, an increase in TβRII expression at both gene and protein level were found 48 h after stimulation with the C-terminal fragment of CCN2 (CCN2(IV)). Cell pretreatment with a TβRI inhibitor did not modify TβRII increment induced by CCN2(VI), demonstrating a TGF-β-independent response. Secondly, CCN2(IV) rapidly activated the SMAD pathway in VSMCs, this being crucial in the upregulation of TβRII since the preincubation with an SMAD3 inhibitor prevented it. Similarly, pretreatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib abolished TβRII upregulation, indicating the participation of this receptor in the observed responses. Our findings suggest a direct role of CCN2 maintaining the TGF-β pathway activation by increasing TβRII expression in an EGFR-SMAD dependent manner activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaría
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Álvarez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruíz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Raúl R. Rodrigues-Díez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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12
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Metabolic Effects of CCN5/WISP2 Gene Deficiency and Transgenic Overexpression in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413418. [PMID: 34948212 PMCID: PMC8709456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
CCN5/WISP2 is a matricellular protein, the expression of which is under the regulation of Wnt signaling and IGF-1. Our initial characterization supports the notion that CCN5 might promote the proliferation and survival of pancreatic β-cells and thus improve the metabolic profile of the animals. More recently, the roles of endogenous expression of CCN5 and its ectopic, transgenic overexpression on metabolic regulation have been revealed through two reports. Here, we attempt to compare the experimental findings from those studies, side-by-side, in order to further establish its roles in metabolic regulation. Prominent among the discoveries was that a systemic deficiency of CCN5 gene expression caused adipocyte hypertrophy, increased adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation, resulting in insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, which were further exacerbated upon high-fat diet feeding. On the other hand, the adipocyte-specific and systemic overexpression of CCN5 caused an increase in lean body mass, improved insulin sensitivity, hyperplasia of cardiomyocytes, and increased heart mass, but decreased fasting glucose levels. CCN5 is clearly a regulator of adipocyte proliferation and maturation, affecting lean/fat mass ratio and insulin sensitivity. Not all results from these models are consistent; moreover, several important aspects of CCN5 physiology are yet to be explored.
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13
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Zaykov V, Chaqour B. The CCN2/CTGF interactome: an approach to understanding the versatility of CCN2/CTGF molecular activities. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:567-580. [PMID: 34613590 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00650-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication network 2 (CCN2), also known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulates diverse cellular processes, some at odds with others, including adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis. Although a cause-and-effect relationship between CCN2/CTGF expression and local fibrotic reactions has initially been established, CCN2/CTGF manifests cell-, tissue-, and context-specific functions and differentially affects developmental and pathological processes ranging from progenitor cell fate decisions and angiogenesis to inflammation and tumorigenesis. CCN2/CTGF multimodular structure, binding to and activation or inhibition of multiple cell surface receptors, growth factors and ECM proteins, and susceptibility for proteolytic cleavage highlight the complexity to CCN2/CTGF biochemical attributes. CCN2/CTGF expression and dosage in the local environment affects a defined community of its interacting partners, and this results in sequestration of growth factors, interference with or potentiation of ligand-receptor binding, cellular internalization of CCN2/CTGF, inhibition or activation of proteases, and generation of CCN2/CTGF degradome products that add molecular diversity and expand the repertoire of functional modules in the cells and their microenvironment. Through these interactions, different intracellular signals and cellular responses are elicited culminating into physiological or pathological reactions. Thus, the CCN2/CTGF interactome is a defining factor of its tissue- and context-specific effects. Mapping of new CCN2/CTGF binding partners might shed light on yet unknown roles of CCN2/CTGF and provide a solid basis for tissue-specific targeting this molecule or its interacting partners in a therapeutic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Zaykov
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Brahim Chaqour
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, State University of New York (SUNY), Downstate Health Science University, 450 Clarkson Avenue, MSC 5, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
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14
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Interplay between extracellular matrix components and cellular and molecular mechanisms in kidney fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1999-2029. [PMID: 34427291 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in renal structures. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in glomerular diseases as well as in the regeneration failure of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, finding antifibrotic therapies comprises an intensive research field in Nephrology. Nowadays, ECM is not only considered as a cellular scaffold, but also exerts important cellular functions. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in kidney fibrosis, paying particular attention to ECM components, profibrotic factors and cell-matrix interactions. In response to kidney damage, activation of glomerular and/or tubular cells may induce aberrant phenotypes characterized by overproduction of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, and thus contribute to CKD progression. Among ECM components, matricellular proteins can regulate cell-ECM interactions, as well as cellular phenotype changes. Regarding kidney fibrosis, one of the most studied matricellular proteins is cellular communication network-2 (CCN2), also called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), currently considered as a fibrotic marker and a potential therapeutic target. Integrins connect the ECM proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and several downstream signaling pathways that enable cells to respond to external stimuli in a coordinated manner and maintain optimal tissue stiffness. In kidney fibrosis, there is an increase in ECM deposition, lower ECM degradation and ECM proteins cross-linking, leading to an alteration in the tissue mechanical properties and their responses to injurious stimuli. A better understanding of these complex cellular and molecular events could help us to improve the antifibrotic therapies for CKD.
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15
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Rosell R, Cardona AF, Arrieta O, Aguilar A, Ito M, Pedraz C, Codony-Servat J, Santarpia M. Coregulation of pathways in lung cancer patients with EGFR mutation: therapeutic opportunities. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1602-1611. [PMID: 34373568 PMCID: PMC8351231 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01519-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in lung adenocarcinoma are a frequent class of driver mutations. Single EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) provides substantial clinical benefit, but almost nil radiographic complete responses. Patients invariably progress, although survival can reach several years with post-treatment therapies, including EGFR TKIs, chemotherapy or other procedures. Endeavours have been clinically oriented to manage the acquisition of EGFR TKI-resistant mutations; however, basic principles on cancer evolution have not been considered in clinical trials. For years, evidence has displayed rapidly adaptive mechanisms of resistance to selective monotherapy, posing several dilemmas for the practitioner. Strict adherence to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) guidelines is not always practical for addressing the clinical progression that EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma patients suffer. The purpose of this review is to highlight regulatory mechanisms and signalling pathways that cause therapy-induced resistance to EGFR TKIs. It suggests combinatorial therapies that target EGFR, as well as potential mechanisms underlying EGFR-mutant NSCLC, alerting the reader to clinical opportunities that may lead to a deeper and more durable response. Molecular reprogramming contributes to EGFR TKI resistance, and the compiled information is relevant in understanding the development of new combined targeted strategies in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Badalona, Spain. .,Oncology Institute Dr Rosell, IOR, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrés Felipe Cardona
- Clinical and Translational Oncology Group, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Institute of Oncologyt, Clínica del Country, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Personalized Medicine Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, México.,Thoracic Oncology Unit, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, México City, México
| | | | - Masaoki Ito
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Carlos Pedraz
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Department, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariacarmela Santarpia
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy
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16
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to summarize recent findings about the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in acute kidney injury and in progression of chronic kidney injury. RECENT FINDINGS There is increasing evidence that EGFR activation occurs as a response to either ischemic or toxic kidney injury and EGFR signalling plays an important role in recovery of epithelial integrity. However, with incomplete recovery or in conditions predisposing to progressive glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, aberrant persistent EGFR signalling is a causal mediator of progressive fibrotic injury. New studies have implicated activation of HIPPO/YAP signalling as a component of EGFR's actions in the kidney. There is also new evidence for sex disparities in kidney EGFR expression and activation after injury, with a male predominance that is mediated by androgens. SUMMARY There is increasing evidence for an important role for EGFR signalling in mediation of kidney injury, raising the possibility that interruption of the signalling cascade could limit progression of development of progressive kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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17
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Sheng L, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:598910. [PMID: 33574751 PMCID: PMC7870700 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.598910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide and the major cause of renal failure among patients on hemodialysis. Numerous studies have demonstrated that transient activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway is required for promoting kidney recovery from acute injury whereas its persistent activation is involved in the progression of various chronic kidney diseases including DKD. EGFR-mediated pathogenesis of DKD is involved in hemodynamic alteration, metabolic disturbance, inflammatory response and parenchymal cellular dysfunction. Therapeutic intervention of this receptor has been available in the oncology setting. Targeting EGFR might also hold a therapeutic potential for DKD. Here we review the functional role of EGFR in the development of DKD, mechanisms involved and the perspective about use of EGFR inhibitors as a treatment for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - George Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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18
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Leguit RJ, Raymakers RAP, Hebeda KM, Goldschmeding R. CCN2 (Cellular Communication Network factor 2) in the bone marrow microenvironment, normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 15:25-56. [PMID: 33428075 PMCID: PMC7798015 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00602-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CCN2, formerly termed Connective Tissue Growth Factor, is a protein belonging to the Cellular Communication Network (CCN)-family of secreted extracellular matrix-associated proteins. As a matricellular protein it is mainly considered to be active as a modifier of signaling activity of several different signaling pathways and as an orchestrator of their cross-talk. Furthermore, CCN2 and its fragments have been implicated in the regulation of a multitude of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, cell survival, apoptosis and the production of extracellular matrix products, as well as in more complex processes such as embryonic development, angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, fibrosis, mechanotransduction and inflammation. Its function is complex and context dependent, depending on cell type, state of differentiation and microenvironmental context. CCN2 plays a role in many diseases, especially those associated with fibrosis, but has also been implicated in many different forms of cancer. In the bone marrow (BM), CCN2 is highly expressed in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). CCN2 is important for MSC function, supporting its proliferation, migration and differentiation. In addition, stromal CCN2 supports the maintenance and longtime survival of hematopoietic stem cells, and in the presence of interleukin 7, stimulates the differentiation of pro-B lymphocytes into pre-B lymphocytes. Overexpression of CCN2 is seen in the majority of B-acute lymphoblastic leukemias, especially in certain cytogenetic subgroups associated with poor outcome. In acute myeloid leukemia, CCN2 expression is increased in MSCs, which has been associated with leukemic engraftment in vivo. In this review, the complex function of CCN2 in the BM microenvironment and in normal as well as malignant hematopoiesis is discussed. In addition, an overview is given of data on the remaining CCN family members regarding normal and malignant hematopoiesis, having many similarities and some differences in their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos J Leguit
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, H04-312, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinier A P Raymakers
- Department of Hematology, UMCU Cancer Center, Heidelberglaan 100 B02.226, 3584 CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Konnie M Hebeda
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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19
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Xu X, Liu Y, Li Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Liu J, Deng S, Zheng Y, Sun X, Wang J, Chen T, Huang M, Ke Y. Selective exosome exclusion of miR-375 by glioma cells promotes glioma progression by activating the CTGF-EGFR pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:16. [PMID: 33407703 PMCID: PMC7789663 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles of 40–150 nm in size, that are produced by many cell types, and play an important role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Exosome secretion allows for the selective removal of harmful substances from cells. However, it remains unclear whether this process also takes place in glioma cells. Methods Herein, the role of the tumour-suppressor miR-375 was explored in human glioma cells. Immunoblotting and qRT-PCR experiments demonstrated a functional link between miR-375 and its target, connectivetissuegrowthfactor (CTGF), which led to the identification of the underlying molecular pathways. The exosomes secreted by glioma cells were extracted by ultracentrifugation and examined by transmission electron microscopy. Exosomal expression of miR-375 was then analysed by qRT-PCR; while the exosome secretion inhibitor, GW4869, was used to examine the biological significance of miR-375 release. Moreover, the dynamics of miR-375 release by glioma cells was investigated using fluorescently labelled exosomes. Finally, exosomal miR-375 release was examined in an orthotopic xenograft model in nude mice. Results MiR-375 expression was downregulated in gliomas. MiR-375 suppressed glioma proliferation, migration, and invasion by inhibiting the CTGF-epidermalgrowthfactorreceptor (EGFR) signalling pathway. MiR-375-containing exosomes were also identified in human peripheral blood samples from glioma patients, and their level correlated with disease progression status. Exosomal miR-375 secretion impacted the CTGF-EGFR pathway activity. Once secreted, exosomal miR-375 was not taken back up by glioma cells. Conclusions Exosomal miR-375 secretion allowed for sustained activation of the CTGF-EGFR oncogenic pathway, promoting the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. These findings enhance our understanding of exosome biology and may inspire development of new glioma therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01810-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Xu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yan Li
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Huajian Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jie Liu
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Shaokang Deng
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yaofeng Zheng
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Xinlin Sun
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Jihui Wang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Taoliang Chen
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Min Huang
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
| | - Yiquan Ke
- The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China.
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20
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Involvement of FATP2-mediated tubular lipid metabolic reprogramming in renal fibrogenesis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:994. [PMID: 33219209 PMCID: PMC7679409 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Following a chronic insult, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) contribute to the development of kidney fibrosis through dysregulated lipid metabolism that lead to lipid accumulation and lipotoxicity. Intracellular lipid metabolism is tightly controlled by fatty acids (FAs) uptake, oxidation, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. Although it is widely accepted that impaired fatty acids oxidation (FAO) play a crucial role in renal fibrosis progression, other lipid metabolic pathways, especially FAs uptake, has not been investigated in fibrotic kidney. In this study, we aim to explore the potential mechanically role of FAs transporter in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. In the present study, the unbiased gene expression studies showed that fatty acid transporter 2 (FATP2) was one of the predominant expressed FAs transport in TECs and its expression was tightly associated with the decline of renal function. Treatment of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) kidneys and TGF-β induced TECs with FATP2 inhibitor (FATP2i) lipofermata restored the FAO activities and alleviated fibrotic responses both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the expression of profibrotic cytokines including TGF-β, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and platelet-derived growth factor subunit B (PDGFB) were all decreased in FATP2i-treated UUO kidneys. Mechanically, FATP2i can effectively attenuate cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by TGF-β treatment in cultured TECs. Taking together, these findings reveal that FATP2 elicits a profibrotic response to renal interstitial fibrosis by inducing lipid metabolic reprogramming including abnormal FAs uptake and defective FAO in TECs.
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21
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well as ageing of the population. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, CKD is slowly progressive and leads to irreversible nephron loss, end-stage renal disease and/or premature death. Factors that contribute to CKD progression include parenchymal cell loss, chronic inflammation, fibrosis and reduced regenerative capacity of the kidney. Current therapies have limited effectiveness and only delay disease progression, underscoring the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches to either stop or reverse progression. Preclinical studies have identified several approaches that reduce fibrosis in experimental models, including targeting cytokines, transcription factors, developmental and signalling pathways and epigenetic modulators, particularly microRNAs. Some of these nephroprotective strategies are now being tested in clinical trials. Lessons learned from the failure of clinical studies of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) blockade underscore the need for alternative approaches to CKD therapy, as strategies that target a single pathogenic process may result in unexpected negative effects on simultaneously occurring processes. Additional promising avenues include preventing tubular cell injury and anti-fibrotic therapies that target activated myofibroblasts, the main collagen-producing cells.
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22
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Shoji M, Ueda M, Nishioka M, Minato H, Seki M, Harada K, Kubo M, Fukuyama Y, Suzuki Y, Aoyama E, Takigawa M, Kuzuhara T. Jiadifenolide induces the expression of cellular communication network factor (CCN) genes, and CCN2 exhibits neurotrophic activity in neuronal precursor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:309-315. [PMID: 31506177 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Jiadifenolide has been reported to have neurotrophin-like activity in primary rat cortical neurons, and also possesses neurotrophic effects in neuronal precursor cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), as we have previously reported. However, the molecular mechanisms by which jiadifenolide exerts its neurotrophic effects in rat and human neurons are unknown. Thus, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and pathways by which jiadifenolide promotes neurotrophic effects. Here, we found that jiadifenolide activated cellular communication network factor (CCN) signaling pathways by up-regulating mRNA level expression of CCN genes in human neuronal cells. We also found that CCN2 (also known as connective tissue growth factor, CTGF) protein promotes neurotrophic effects through activation of the p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. This is the first discovery which links neurotrophic activity with CCN signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Masako Ueda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Megumi Nishioka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroki Minato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahide Seki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Harada
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Miwa Kubo
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Fukuyama
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eriko Aoyama
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takigawa
- Advanced Research Center for Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, Okayama University Dental School/Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan.
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23
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Kefaloyianni E, Keerthi Raja MR, Schumacher J, Muthu ML, Krishnadoss V, Waikar SS, Herrlich A. Proximal Tubule-Derived Amphiregulin Amplifies and Integrates Profibrotic EGF Receptor Signals in Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2370-2383. [PMID: 31676723 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019030321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustained activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) in proximal tubule cells is a hallmark of progressive kidney fibrosis after AKI and in CKD. However, the molecular mechanisms and particular EGFR ligands involved are unknown. METHODS We studied EGFR activation in proximal tubule cells and primary tubular cells isolated from injured kidneys in vitro. To determine in vivo the role of amphiregulin, a low-affinity EGFR ligand that is highly upregulated with injury, we used ischemia-reperfusion injury or unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice with proximal tubule cell-specific knockout of amphiregulin. We also injected soluble amphiregulin into knockout mice with proximal tubule cell-specific deletion of amphiregulin's releasing enzyme, the transmembrane cell-surface metalloprotease, a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 (ADAM17), and into ADAM17 hypomorphic mice. RESULTS Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1)-dependent upregulation of amphiregulin transcript and protein amplifies amphiregulin signaling in a positive feedback loop. YAP1 also integrates signals of other moderately injury-upregulated, low-affinity EGFR ligands (epiregulin, epigen, TGFα), which also require soluble amphiregulin and YAP1 to induce sustained EGFR activation in proximal tubule cells in vitro. In vivo, soluble amphiregulin injection sufficed to reverse protection from fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury in ADAM17 hypomorphic mice; injected soluble amphiregulin also reversed the corresponding protective proximal tubule cell phenotype in injured proximal tubule cell-specific ADAM17 knockout mice. Moreover, the finding that proximal tubule cell-specific amphiregulin knockout mice were protected from fibrosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury or unilateral ureteral obstruction demonstrates that amphiregulin was necessary for the development of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify amphiregulin as a key player in injury-induced kidney fibrosis and suggest therapeutic or diagnostic applications of soluble amphiregulin in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Kefaloyianni
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Manikanda Raja Keerthi Raja
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Julian Schumacher
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Muthu Lakshmi Muthu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Vaishali Krishnadoss
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Renal Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andreas Herrlich
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
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24
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Coggins GE, Farrel A, Rathi KS, Hayes CM, Scolaro L, Rokita JL, Maris JM. YAP1 Mediates Resistance to MEK1/2 Inhibition in Neuroblastomas with Hyperactivated RAS Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6204-6214. [PMID: 31672841 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Relapsed neuroblastomas are enriched with activating mutations of the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. The MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib delays tumor growth but does not sustain regression in neuroblastoma preclinical models. Recent studies have implicated the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivator protein YAP1 as an additional driver of relapsed neuroblastomas, as well as a mediator of trametinib resistance in other cancers. Here, we used a highly annotated set of high-risk neuroblastoma cellular models to modulate YAP1 expression and RAS pathway activation to test whether increased YAP1 transcriptional activity is a mechanism of MEK1/2 inhibition resistance in RAS-driven neuroblastomas. In NLF (biallelic NF1 inactivation) and SK-N-AS (NRAS Q61K) cell lines, trametinib caused a near-complete translocation of YAP1 protein into the nucleus. YAP1 depletion sensitized neuroblastoma cells to trametinib, while overexpression of constitutively active YAP1 protein induced trametinib resistance. Mechanistically, significant enhancement of G1-S cell-cycle arrest, mediated by depletion of MYC/MYCN and E2F transcriptional output, sensitized RAS-driven neuroblastomas to trametinib following YAP1 deletion. These findings underscore the importance of YAP activity in response to trametinib in RAS-driven neuroblastomas, as well as the potential for targeting YAP in a trametinib combination. SIGNIFICANCE: High-risk neuroblastomas with hyperactivated RAS signaling escape the selective pressure of MEK inhibition via YAP1-mediated transcriptional reprogramming and may be sensitive to combination therapies targeting both YAP1 and MEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Coggins
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Colin M Hayes
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Scolaro
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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25
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Kouroupis D, Bowles AC, Willman MA, Perucca Orfei C, Colombini A, Best TM, Kaplan LD, Correa D. Infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC response to inflammation and fibrosis induces an immunomodulatory phenotype involving CD10-mediated Substance P degradation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10864. [PMID: 31350444 PMCID: PMC6659713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) serves as a reservoir of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC), and with adjacent synovium plays key roles in joint disease including the production of Substance P (SP) affecting local inflammatory responses and transmitting nociceptive signals. Here, we interrogate human IFP-derived MSC (IFP-MSC) reaction to inflammatory and pro-fibrotic environments (cell priming by TNFα/IFNγ and TNFα/IFNγ/CTGF exposure respectively), compared with bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC). Naïve IFP-MSC exhibit increased clonogenicity and chondrogenic potential compared with BM-MSC. Primed cells experienced dramatic phenotypic changes, including a sharp increase in CD10, upregulation of key immunomodulatory transcripts, and secreted growth factors/cytokines affecting key pathways (IL-10, TNF-α, MAPK, Ras and PI3K-Akt). Naïve, and more so primed MSC (both) induced SP degradation in vitro, reproduced with their supernatants and abrogated with thiorphan, a CD10 inhibitor. These findings were reproduced in vivo in a rat model of acute synovitis, where transiently engrafted human IFP-MSC induced local SP reduction. Functionally, primed IFP-MSC demonstrated sustained antagonism of activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation, significantly outperforming a declining dose-dependent effect with naïve cohorts. Collectively, our in vitro and in vivo data supports cell priming as a way to enhance the immunoregulatory properties of IFP-MSC, which selectively engraft in areas of active synovitis/IFP fibrosis inducing SP degradation, resulting in a cell-based product alternative to BM-MSC to potentially treat degenerative/inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kouroupis
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Annie C Bowles
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami College of Engineering, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Melissa A Willman
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Colombini
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratorio di Biotecnologie Applicate all'Ortopedia, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas M Best
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lee D Kaplan
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Diego Correa
- Department of Orthopaedics, UHealth Sports Medicine Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Diabetes Research Institute & Cell Transplant Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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26
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Schira J, Heinen A, Poschmann G, Ziegler B, Hartung HP, Stühler K, Küry P. Secretome analysis of nerve repair mediating Schwann cells reveals Smad-dependent trophism. FASEB J 2018; 33:4703-4715. [PMID: 30592632 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801799r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cells promote nerve regeneration by adaptation of a regenerative phenotype referred to as repair mediating Schwann cell. Down-regulation of myelin proteins, myelin clearance, formation of Bungner's bands, and secretion of trophic factors characterize this cell type. We have previously shown that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor agonist Fingolimod/FTY720P promotes the generation of this particular Schwann cell phenotype by activation of dedifferentiation markers and concomitant release of trophic factors resulting in enhanced neurite growth of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Despite its biomedical relevance, a detailed characterization of the corresponding Schwann cell secretome is lacking, and the impact of FTY720P on enhancing neurite growth is not defined. Here, we applied a label-free quantitative mass spectrometry approach to characterize the secretomes derived from primary neonatal and adult rat Schwann cells in response to FTY720P. We identified a large proportion of secreted proteins with a high overlap between the neonatal and adult Schwann cells, which can be associated with biologic processes such as development, axon growth, and regeneration. Moreover, FTY720P-treated Schwann cells release proteins downstream of Smad signaling known to support neurite growth. Our results therefore uncover a network of trophic factors involved in glial-mediated repair of the peripheral nervous system.-Schira, J., Heinen, A., Poschmann, G., Ziegler, B., Hartung, H.-P., Stühler, K., Küry, P. Secretome analysis of nerve repair mediating Schwann cells reveals Smad-dependent trophism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schira
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - André Heinen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gereon Poschmann
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and
| | - Brigida Ziegler
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kai Stühler
- Molecular Proteomics Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; and.,Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Research Center, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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27
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Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Its Ligands in Kidney Inflammation and Damage. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:8739473. [PMID: 30670929 PMCID: PMC6323488 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8739473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent inflammation and progressive fibrosis, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. Although many studies have investigated the factors involved in the progressive deterioration of renal function, current therapeutic strategies only delay disease progression, leaving an unmet need for effective therapeutic interventions that target the cause behind the inflammatory process and could slow down or reverse the development and progression of CKD. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (ERBB1), a membrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in the kidney, is activated after renal damage, and preclinical studies have evidenced its potential as a therapeutic target in CKD therapy. To date, seven official EGFR ligands have been described, including epidermal growth factor (EGF) (canonical ligand), transforming growth factor-α, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor, amphiregulin, betacellulin, epiregulin, and epigen. Recently, the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) has been described as a novel EGFR ligand. The direct activation of EGFR by its ligands can exert different cellular responses, depending on the specific ligand, tissue, and pathological condition. Among all EGFR ligands, CTGF/CCN2 is of special relevance in CKD. This growth factor, by binding to EGFR and downstream signaling pathway activation, regulates renal inflammation, cell growth, and fibrosis. EGFR can also be “transactivated” by extracellular stimuli, including several key factors involved in renal disease, such as angiotensin II, transforming growth factor beta (TGFB), and other cytokines, including members of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, showing another important mechanism involved in renal pathology. The aim of this review is to summarize the contribution of EGFR pathway activation in experimental kidney damage, with special attention to the regulation of the inflammatory response and the role of some EGFR ligands in this process. Better insights in EGFR signaling in renal disease could improve our current knowledge of renal pathology contributing to therapeutic strategies for CKD development and progression.
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28
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Epigenetic Modification Mechanisms Involved in Inflammation and Fibrosis in Renal Pathology. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:2931049. [PMID: 30647531 PMCID: PMC6311799 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2931049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, coupled with the aging of the population, is increasing the prevalence of renal diseases in our society. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by persistent inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of renal function leading to end-stage renal disease. Nowadays, CKD treatment has limited effectiveness underscoring the importance of the development of innovative therapeutic options. Recent studies have identified how epigenetic modifications participate in the susceptibility to CKD and have explained how the environment interacts with the renal cell epigenome to contribute to renal damage. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate critical processes involved in gene regulation and downstream cellular responses. The most relevant epigenetic modifications that play a critical role in renal damage include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and changes in miRNA levels. Importantly, these epigenetic modifications are reversible and, therefore, a source of potential therapeutic targets. Here, we will explain how epigenetic mechanisms may regulate essential processes involved in renal pathology and highlight some possible epigenetic therapeutic strategies for CKD treatment.
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29
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Tarr JT, Lambi AG, Bradley JP, Barbe MF, Popoff SN. Development of Normal and Cleft Palate: A Central Role for Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF)/CCN2. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6030018. [PMID: 30029495 PMCID: PMC6162467 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of the palate is the result of an organized series of events that require exquisite spatial and temporal regulation at the cellular level. There are a myriad of growth factors, receptors and signaling pathways that have been shown to play an important role in growth, elevation and/or fusion of the palatal shelves. Altered expression or activation of a number of these factors, receptors and signaling pathways have been shown to cause cleft palate in humans or mice with varying degrees of penetrance. This review will focus on connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) or CCN2, which was recently shown to play an essential role in formation of the secondary palate. Specifically, the absence of CCN2 in KO mice results in defective cellular processes that contribute to failure of palatal shelf growth, elevation and/or fusion. CCN2 is unique in that it has been shown to interact with a number of other factors important for palate development, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), epidermal growth factor (EGF), Wnt proteins and transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs), thereby influencing their ability to bind to their receptors and mediate intracellular signaling. The role that these factors play in palate development and their specific interactions with CCN2 will also be reviewed. Future studies to elucidate the precise mechanisms of action for CCN2 and its interactions with other regulatory proteins during palatogenesis are expected to provide novel information with the potential for development of new pharmacologic or genetic treatment strategies for clinical intervention of cleft palate during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Tarr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Alex G Lambi
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - James P Bradley
- Northwell Health Surgical Service Line, Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA.
| | - Mary F Barbe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Steven N Popoff
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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30
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Rayego-Mateos S, Morgado-Pascual JL, Rodrigues-Diez RR, Rodrigues-Diez R, Falke LL, Mezzano S, Ortiz A, Egido J, Goldschmeding R, Ruiz-Ortega M. Connective tissue growth factor induces renal fibrosis via epidermal growth factor receptor activation. J Pathol 2018; 244:227-241. [PMID: 29160908 DOI: 10.1002/path.5007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) is a matricellular protein that is overexpressed in progressive human renal diseases, mainly in fibrotic areas. In vitro studies have demonstrated that CCN2 regulates the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and could therefore contribute to renal fibrosis. CCN2 blockade ameliorates experimental renal damage, including diminution of ECM accumulation. We have reported that CCN2 and its C-terminal degradation product CCN2(IV) bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to modulate renal inflammation. However, the receptor involved in CCN2 profibrotic actions has not been described so far. Using a murine model of systemic administration of CCN2(IV), we have unveiled a fibrotic response in the kidney that was diminished by EGFR blockade. Additionally, in conditional CCN2 knockout mice, renal fibrosis elicited by folic acid-induced renal damage was prevented, and this was linked to inhibition of EGFR pathway activation. Our in vitro studies demonstrated a direct effect of CCN2 via the EGFR pathway on ECM production by fibroblasts and the induction of EMT in tubular epithelial cells. Our studies clearly show that the EGFR regulates CCN2 fibrotic signalling in the kidney, and suggest that EGFR pathway blockade could be a potential therapeutic option to block CCN2-mediated profibrotic effects in renal diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Morgado-Pascual
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Raquel Rodrigues-Diez
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas L Falke
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, School of Medicine, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-UAM, School of Medicine, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Lv W, Booz GW, Wang Y, Fan F, Roman RJ. Inflammation and renal fibrosis: Recent developments on key signaling molecules as potential therapeutic targets. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 820:65-76. [PMID: 29229532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health issue. At the histological level, renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of progressive kidney disease irrespective of the initial injury. Considerable evidence now indicates that renal inflammation plays a central role in the initiation and progression of CKD. Some of the inflammatory signaling molecules involved in CKD include: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), bradykinin B1 receptor (B1R), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Multiple antifibrotic factors, such as interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are also downregulated in CKD. Therefore, restoration of the proper balance between pro- and antifibrotic signaling pathways could serve as a guiding principle for the design of new antifibrotic strategies that simultaneously target many pathways. The purpose of this review is to summarize the existing body of knowledge regarding activation of cytokine pathways and infiltration of inflammatory cells as a starting point for developing novel antifibrotic therapies to prevent progression of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Lv
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 26003, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Richard J Roman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
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32
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Wang X, Xu T, Gao F, He H, Zhu Y, Shen Z. Targeting of CCN2 suppresses tumor progression and improves chemo-sensitivity in urothelial bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66316-66327. [PMID: 29029514 PMCID: PMC5630414 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) is the most common urinary neoplasm in China. CCN family protein 2 (CCN2), a cysteine-rich matricellular protein, is abnormally expressed in several cancer types and involved in tumor progression or chemo-resistance. However, detailed expression patterns and effects of CCN2 in UBC still remain unknown. We found that down-regulation of CCN2 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of UBC cells in vitro and targeting of CCN2 decelerated xenograft growth in vivo. When treated with mitomycin C (MMC), CCN2-scilencing UBC cells showed lower survival and higher apoptotic rates and these effects were probably mediated via inactivation of Akt and Erk pathways. We also demonstrated the clinical significance of CCN2 expression, which was higher in UBC tissues and associated with advanced tumor stage and high pathologic grade. Taken together, our data suggest that CCN2 is an oncogene in UBC and might serve as a matricellular target for improving chemotherapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengbin Gao
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao He
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Alsaqer SF, Tashkandi MM, Kartha VK, Yang YT, Alkheriji Y, Salama A, Varelas X, Kukuruzinska M, Monti S, Bais MV. Inhibition of LSD1 epigenetically attenuates oral cancer growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73372-73386. [PMID: 29088714 PMCID: PMC5650269 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a nuclear histone demethylase and a member of the amine oxidase (AO) family. LSD1 is a flavin-containing AO that specifically catalyzes the demethylation of mono- and di-methylated histone H3 lysine 4 through an FAD-dependent oxidative reaction. LSD1 is inappropriately upregulated in lung, liver, brain and esophageal cancers, where it promotes cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, unlike other lysine-specific demethylases, the role and specific targets of LSD1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) pathogenesis remain unknown. We show that LSD1 protein expression was increased in malignant OSCC tissues in a clinical tissue microarray, and its expression correlated with progressive tumor stages. In an orthotopic oral cancer mouse model, LSD1 overexpression in aggressive HSC-3 cells promoted metastasis whereas knockdown of LSD1 inhibited tumor spread, suggesting that LSD1 is a key regulator of OSCC metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of LSD1 using a specific small molecule inhibitor, GSK-LSD1, down-regulated EGF signaling pathway. Further, GSK-LSD1 attenuates CTGF/CCN2, MMP13, LOXL4 and vimentin expression but increased E-cadherin expression in pre-existing, patient-derived tonsillar OSCC xenografts. Similarly, GSK-LSD1 inhibited proliferation and CTGF expression in mesenchymal cells, including myoepithelial cells and osteosarcoma cells. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that GSK-LSD1 increased p53 expression and apoptosis while inhibiting c-myc, β-catenin and YAP-induced oncogenic transcriptional networks. These data reveal that aberrant LSD1 activation regulates key OSCC microenvironment and EMT promoting factors, including CTGF, LOXL4 and MMP13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqer F Alsaqer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa M Tashkandi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vinay K Kartha
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yazeed Alkheriji
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Salama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Kukuruzinska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Monti
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.,Section of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manish V Bais
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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34
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Alam KJ, Mo JS, Han SH, Park WC, Kim HS, Yun KJ, Chae SC. MicroRNA 375 regulates proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by suppressing the CTGF-EGFR signaling pathway. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:1614-1629. [PMID: 28670764 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA 375 (MIR375) is significantly down regulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues; we have previously identified MIR375 as a colon cancer associated microRNA (miRNA). We identified putative MIR375 target genes by comparing the mRNA microarray analysis data of MIR375-overexpressing cells with the candidate MIR375 target genes predicted by public bioinformatic tools. We investigated that the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a direct target gene of MIR375. Expression of CTGF, a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was markedly enhanced in human CRC tissues in comparison with the corresponding normal colon tissues. We demonstrated that the expression levels of molecules in EGFR signaling pathways were regulated by MIR375 in colorectal cells. Using immunohistochemistry and the xenograft of MIR375-overexpressing colorectal cells in mice, we showed that MIR375 regulates cell growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and necrosis in colon cells. Furthermore, results of MIR375 overexpression and cetuximab treatment indicated that the apoptosis and necrosis in colon cells were synergistically enhanced. Our results suggest that the down-regulation of MIR375 modulates EGFR signaling pathways in human colorectal cells and tissues by increasing CTGF expression; therefore, MIR375 may have a therapeutic value in relation to human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khondoker Jahengir Alam
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Mo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol-Hee Han
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Cheol Park
- Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Soo Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Jung Yun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Cheon Chae
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea.,Digestive Disease Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk, Republic of Korea
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35
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Overstreet JM, Wang Y, Wang X, Niu A, Gewin LS, Yao B, Harris RC, Zhang MZ. Selective activation of epidermal growth factor receptor in renal proximal tubule induces tubulointerstitial fibrosis. FASEB J 2017. [PMID: 28626027 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601359rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and renal fibrosis; however, the causative role of sustained EGFR activation is unclear. Here, we generated a novel kidney fibrotic mouse model of persistent EGFR activation by selectively expressing the EGFR ligand, human heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (hHB-EGF), in renal proximal tubule epithelium. hHB-EGF expression increased tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of EGFR and the subsequent activation of downstream signaling pathways, including ERK and AKT, as well as the profibrotic TGF-β1/SMAD pathway. Epithelial-specific activation of EGFR was sufficient to promote spontaneous and progressive renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as characterized by increased collagen deposition, immune cell infiltration, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts. Tubule-specific EGFR activation promoted epithelial dedifferentiation and cell-cycle arrest. Furthermore, EGFR activation in epithelial cells promoted the proliferation of α-SMA+ myofibroblasts in a paracrine manner. Genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR tyrosine kinase activity or downstream MEK activity attenuated the fibrotic phenotype. This study provides definitive evidence that sustained activation of EGFR in proximal epithelia is sufficient to cause spontaneous, progressive renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, evident by epithelial dedifferentiation, increased myofibroblasts, immune cell infiltration, and increased matrix deposition.-Overstreet, J. M., Wang, Y., Wang, X., Niu, A., Gewin, L. S., Yao, B., Harris, R. C., Zhang, M.-Z. Selective activation of epidermal growth factor receptor in renal proximal tubule induces tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Overstreet
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aolei Niu
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Leslie S Gewin
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bing Yao
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; .,Department of Nephrology, Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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36
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Liu JL, Kaddour N, Chowdhury S, Li Q, Gao ZH. Role of CCN5 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2) in pancreatic islets. J Diabetes 2017; 9:462-474. [PMID: 27863006 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In search of direct targets of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 action, we discovered CCN5 (WNT1 inducible signaling pathway protein 2 [WISP2]) as a novel protein expressed in pancreatic β-cells. As a member of the "CCN" ( C ysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 [Cyr61], C onnective tissue growth factor [CTGF in humans], and N ephroblastoma overexpressed [Nov; in chickens]) family, the expression of CCN5/WISP2 is stimulated by IGF-1 together with Wnt signaling. When overexpressed in insulinoma cells, CCN5 promotes cell proliferation and cell survival against streptozotocin-induced cell death. The cell proliferation effect seems to be caused by AKT phosphorylation and increased cyclin D1 levels. These properties resemble those of CCN2/CTGF, another isoform of the CCN family, although CCN5 is the only one within the family of six proteins that lacks the C-terminal repeat. Treatment of primary mouse islets with recombinant CCN5 protein produced similar effects to those of gene transfection, indicating that either as a matricellular protein or a secreted growth factor, CCN5 stimulates β-cell proliferation and regeneration in a paracrine fashion. This review also discusses the regulation of CCN5/WISP2 by estrogen and its involvement in angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Liu
- Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nancy Kaddour
- Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Subrata Chowdhury
- Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Qing Li
- Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Zu-Hua Gao
- Department of Pathology, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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37
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González N, Prieto I, del Puerto-Nevado L, Portal-Nuñez S, Ardura JA, Corton M, Fernández-Fernández B, Aguilera O, Gomez-Guerrero C, Mas S, Moreno JA, Ruiz-Ortega M, Sanz AB, Sanchez-Niño MD, Rojo F, Vivanco F, Esbrit P, Ayuso C, Alvarez-Llamas G, Egido J, García-Foncillas J, Ortiz A. 2017 update on the relationship between diabetes and colorectal cancer: epidemiology, potential molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:18456-18485. [PMID: 28060743 PMCID: PMC5392343 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide deaths from diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer increased by 90% and 57%, respectively, over the past 20 years. The risk of colorectal cancer was estimated to be 27% higher in patients with type 2 DM than in non-diabetic controls. However, there are potential confounders, information from lower income countries is scarce, across the globe there is no correlation between DM prevalence and colorectal cancer incidence and the association has evolved over time, suggesting the impact of additional environmental factors. The clinical relevance of these associations depends on understanding the mechanism involved. Although evidence is limited, insulin use has been associated with increased and metformin with decreased incidence of colorectal cancer. In addition, colorectal cancer shares some cellular and molecular pathways with diabetes target organ damage, exemplified by diabetic kidney disease. These include epithelial cell injury, activation of inflammation and Wnt/β-catenin pathways and iron homeostasis defects, among others. Indeed, some drugs have undergone clinical trials for both cancer and diabetic kidney disease. Genome-wide association studies have identified diabetes-associated genes (e.g. TCF7L2) that may also contribute to colorectal cancer. We review the epidemiological evidence, potential pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications of the association between DM and colorectal cancer. Further studies should clarify the worldwide association between DM and colorectal cancer, strengthen the biological plausibility of a cause-and-effect relationship through characterization of the molecular pathways involved, search for specific molecular signatures of colorectal cancer under diabetic conditions, and eventually explore DM-specific strategies to prevent or treat colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves González
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Radiation Oncology, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura del Puerto-Nevado
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Portal-Nuñez
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Ardura
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Corton
- Genetics, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Oscar Aguilera
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sebastián Mas
- Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ana Belen Sanz
- Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Federico Rojo
- Pathology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Esbrit
- Bone and Mineral Metabolism laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ayuso
- Genetics, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
- Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, Oncohealth Institute, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz-UAM, Madrid, Spain
- REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Scheving LA, Zhang X, Threadgill DW, Russell WE. Hepatocyte ERBB3 and EGFR are required for maximal CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G807-G816. [PMID: 27586651 PMCID: PMC5130544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00423.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its ligands have been implicated in liver fibrosis. However, it has not been directly shown that hepatocellular genetic ablation of either this receptor tyrosine kinase or ERBB3, its interactive signaling partner, affects hepatic fibrosis. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in hepatocyte-specific (HS) mouse models of EGFR and ERBB3 ablation was evaluated in both single gene knockouts and an HS-EGFR-ERBB3 double knockout (DKO). Loss of hepatocellular EGFR or ERBB3 did not impact cytochrome P450-2E1 expression, the extent of centrilobular injury, or the initial regenerative response, but it did diminish liver fibrosis induced by chronic intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 The reduction of liver fibrosis correlated with reduced α-smooth muscle actin expression. Maximal impact to fibrogenesis occurred in the ERBB3 and EGFR-ERBB3 DKO models, suggesting that EGFR-ERBB3 heterodimeric signaling in damaged hepatocytes may play a more important role in liver fibrosis than EGFR-EGFR homodimeric signaling. Immunohistochemical analyses of phospho-EGFR and phospho-ERBB3 isoforms revealed clear staining in hepatocytes, activated stellate cells, and macrophages. Our results support a role for the hepatocellular ERBB tyrosine kinases in fibrogenesis and suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of EGFR-ERBB3 signaling may reverse or retard hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A. Scheving
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - Xiuqi Zhang
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
| | - David W. Threadgill
- 6Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; and ,7Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - William E. Russell
- 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,2Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,3Digestive Disease Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,4Vanderbilt Diabetes Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; ,5Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
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39
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The pivotal role of CCN2 in mammalian palatogenesis. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 11:25-37. [PMID: 27761803 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian palatogenesis is a complex process involving a temporally and spatially regulated myriad of factors. Together these factors control the 3 vital processes of proliferation, elevation and fusion of the developing palate. In this study, we show for the first time the unequivocally vital role of CCN2 in development of the mammalian palate. We utilized CCN2 knockout (KO) mice and cranial neural crest derived mesenchymal cells from these CCN2 KO mice to investigate the 3 processes crucial to normal palatogenesis. Similar to previously published reports, the absence of CCN2 inhibits proliferation of cells in the palate specifically at the G1/S transition. Absence of CCN2 also inhibited palatal shelf elevation from the vertical to horizontal position. CCN2 KO mesenchymal cells demonstrated deficiencies in adhesion and spreading owing to an inability to activate Rac1 and RhoA. On the contrary, CCN2 KO mesenchymal cells exhibited increased rates of migration compared to WT cells. The addition of exogenous CCN2 to KO mesenchymal cells restored their ability to spread normally on fibronectin. Finally, utilizing an organ culture model we show that the palatal shelves of the CCN2 KO mice demonstrate an inability to fuse when apposed. Together, these data signify that CCN2 plays an indispensible role in normal development of the mammalian palate and warrants additional studies to determine the precise mechanism(s) responsible for these effects.
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40
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CCN family of proteins: critical modulators of the tumor cell microenvironment. J Cell Commun Signal 2016; 10:229-240. [PMID: 27517291 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-016-0346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CCN family of proteins consisting of CCN1 (Cyr61), CCN2 (CTGF), CCN3 (NOV), CCN4 (WISP-1), CCN5 (WISP-2) and CCN6 (WISP-3) are considered matricellular proteins operating essentially in the extracellular microenvironment between cells. Evidence has also been gradually building since their first discovery of additional intracellular roles although the major activity is triggered at the cell membrane. The proteins consist of 4 motifs, a signal peptide (for secretion} followed consecutively by the IGFBP, VWC, TSP1 and CT (C-terminal cysteine knot domain) motifs, which signify their potential binding partners and functional connections to a variety of key regulators of physiological processes. With respect to cancer it is now clear that, whereas certain members can facilitate tumor behavior and progression, others can competitively counter the process. It is therefore clear that the net outcome of biological interactions in the matrix and what gets signaled or inhibited can be a function of the interplay of these CCN 1-6 proteins. Because the CCN proteins further interact with other key proteins, like growth factors in the matrix, the balance is not only important but can vary dynamically with the physiological states of tumor cells and the surrounding normal cells. The tumor niche with its many cell players has surfaced as a critical determinant of tumor behavior, invasiveness, and metastasis. It is in this context that CCN proteins should be investigated with the potential of being recognized and validated for future therapeutic approaches.
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41
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Chen J, Zeng F, Forrester SJ, Eguchi S, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Expression and Function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Physiology and Disease. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:1025-1069. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is the prototypical member of a family of membrane-associated intrinsic tyrosine kinase receptors, the ErbB family. EGFR is activated by multiple ligands, including EGF, transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, HB-EGF, betacellulin, amphiregulin, epiregulin, and epigen. EGFR is expressed in multiple organs and plays important roles in proliferation, survival, and differentiation in both development and normal physiology, as well as in pathophysiological conditions. In addition, EGFR transactivation underlies some important biologic consequences in response to many G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Aberrant EGFR activation is a significant factor in development and progression of multiple cancers, which has led to development of mechanism-based therapies with specific receptor antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This review highlights the current knowledge about mechanisms and roles of EGFR in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fenghua Zeng
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven J. Forrester
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Departments of Medicine, Cancer Biology, and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine and Nashville Veterans Affairs Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee; and Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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42
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Honda Y, Shishido T, Takahashi T, Watanabe T, Netsu S, Kinoshita D, Narumi T, Kadowaki S, Nishiyama S, Takahashi H, Arimoto T, Miyamoto T, Kishida S, Kadomatsu K, Takeishi Y, Kubota I. Midkine Deteriorates Cardiac Remodeling via Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in Chronic Kidney Disease. Hypertension 2016; 67:857-65. [PMID: 26975703 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In chronic kidney disease, activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) leads to cardiac hypertrophy, which affects morbidity and mortality. In patients with renal insufficiency and heart failure, the expression of midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, is increased. Therefore, we investigated the association between midkine and EGFR in the induction of cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. We performed subtotal nephrectomies in midkine-knockout mice and wild-type mice. We found that subtotal nephrectomy-induced cardiac hypertrophy and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT were attenuated in midkine-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. An antiphosphotyrosine receptor antibody array was used to demonstrate that EGFR phosphorylation in the heart was also lower in midkine-knockout mice than in wild-type mice. Midkine induced EGFR, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and AKT phosphorylation and led to hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with EGFR inhibitors or EGFR silencing suppressed midkine-stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and AKT, induction of fetal cardiac gene expression, and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. To confirm the association between midkine and EGFR in vivo, mice subjected to subtotal nephrectomy were treated with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib. Gefitinib treatment attenuated subtotal nephrectomy-induced cardiac hypertrophy. These results indicate that midkine might be a key mediator of cardiorenal interactions through EGFR activation, which plays a crucial role in cardiac hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Honda
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Tetsuro Shishido
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.).
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Tetsu Watanabe
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Shunsuke Netsu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Daisuke Kinoshita
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Taro Narumi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Shinpei Kadowaki
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Satoshi Nishiyama
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroki Takahashi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Takanori Arimoto
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Takuya Miyamoto
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Satoshi Kishida
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuchika Takeishi
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
| | - Isao Kubota
- From the Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Nephrology, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan (Y.H., T.S., T.T., T.W., S.N., D.K., T.N., S.K., S.N., H.T., T.A., T.M., I.K.); Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan (S.K., K.K.); and Department of Cardiology and Hematology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (Y.T.)
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Yoon PO, Park JW, Lee CM, Kim SH, Kim HN, Ko Y, Bae SJ, Yun S, Park JH, Kwon T, Kim WS, Lee J, Lu Q, Kang HR, Cho WK, Elias JA, Yang JS, Park HO, Lee K, Lee CG. Self-assembled Micelle Interfering RNA for Effective and Safe Targeting of Dysregulated Genes in Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6433-46. [PMID: 26817844 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The siRNA silencing approach has long been used as a method to regulate the expression of specific target genes in vitro and in vivo. However, the effectiveness of delivery and the nonspecific immune-stimulatory function of siRNA are the limiting factors for therapeutic applications of siRNAs. To overcome these limitations, we developed self-assembled micelle inhibitory RNA (SAMiRNA) nanoparticles made of individually biconjugated siRNAs with a hydrophilic polymer and lipid on their ends and characterized their stability, immune-stimulatory function, and in vivo silencing efficacy. SAMiRNAs form very stable nanoparticles with no significant degradation in size distribution and polydispersity index over 1 year. Overnight incubation of SAMiRNAs (3 μm) on murine peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not cause any significant elaboration of innate immune cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-12, or IL-6, whereas unmodified siRNAs or liposomes or liposome complexes significantly stimulated the expression of these cytokines. Last, the in vivo silencing efficacy of SAMiRNAs was evaluated by targeting amphiregulin and connective tissue growth factor in bleomycin or TGF-β transgenic animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. Intratracheal or intravenous delivery two or three times of amphiregulin or connective tissue growth factor SAMiRNAs significantly reduced the bleomycin- or TGF-β-stimulated collagen accumulation in the lung and substantially restored the lung function of TGF-β transgenic mice. This study demonstrates that SAMiRNA nanoparticle is a less toxic, stable siRNA silencing platform for efficient in vivo targeting of genes implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyoung Oh Yoon
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Jin Wook Park
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Sung Hwan Kim
- the Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup Campus, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Korea, and
| | - Han-Na Kim
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Youngho Ko
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Seon Joo Bae
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Sungil Yun
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Jun Hong Park
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Taewoo Kwon
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Kim
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Hye-Ryun Kang
- the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Cho
- Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912
| | - Jack A Elias
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Joo-Sung Yang
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Han-Oh Park
- From the Bioneer Corp., Daedeok-gu, Daejeon 306-220, Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- the Inhalation Toxicology Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup Campus, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Korea, and
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- the Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology,
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Paricalcitol Inhibits Aldosterone-Induced Proinflammatory Factors by Modulating Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway in Cultured Tubular Epithelial Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:783538. [PMID: 26064952 PMCID: PMC4438184 DOI: 10.1155/2015/783538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is characterized by Vitamin D deficiency and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Increasing data show that vitamin D receptor agonists (VDRAs) exert beneficial effects in renal disease and possess anti-inflammatory properties, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that "a disintegrin and metalloproteinase" (ADAM)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling axis contributes to renal damage. Aldosterone induces EGFR transactivation regulating several processes including cell proliferation and fibrosis. However, data on tubular epithelial cells is scarce. We have found that, in cultured tubular epithelial cells, aldosterone induced EGFR transactivation via TGF-α/ADAM17. Blockade of the TGF-α/ADAM17/EGFR pathway inhibited aldosterone-induced proinflammatory gene upregulation. Moreover, among the potential downstream mechanisms, we found that TGF-α/ADAM17/EGFR inhibition blocked ERK and STAT-1 activation in response to aldosterone. Next, we investigated the involvement of TGF-α/ADAM17/EGFR axis in VDRA anti-inflammatory effects. Preincubation with the VDRA paricalcitol inhibited aldosterone-induced EGFR transactivation, TGF-α/ADAM-17 gene upregulation, and downstream mechanisms, including proinflammatory factors overexpression. In conclusion, our data suggest that the anti-inflammatory actions of paricalcitol in tubular cells could depend on the inhibition of TGF-α/ADAM17/EGFR pathway in response to aldosterone, showing an important mechanism of VDRAs action.
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TGF-Beta Blockade Increases Renal Inflammation Caused by the C-Terminal Module of the CCN2. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:506041. [PMID: 26074680 PMCID: PMC4436472 DOI: 10.1155/2015/506041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The CCN family member 2 (CCN2, also known as
connective tissue growth factor) may behave as a risk
biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for renal
disease. CCN2 participates in the regulation of
inflammation and fibrosis. TGF-β is considered
the main fibrogenic cytokine; however, in some
pathological settings TGF-β also has
anti-inflammatory properties. CCN2 has been proposed
as a downstream profibrotic mediator of TGF-β,
but data on TGF-β role in CCN2 actions are
scarce. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of
TGF-β blockade in CCN2-mediated experimental
renal damage. Systemic administration of the
C-terminal module of CCN2 to mice caused sustained
renal inflammation. In these mice, TGF-β
blockade, using an anti-TGF-β neutralizing
antibody, significantly increased renal expression of
the NGAL (a kidney injury biomarker), kidney
infiltration by monocytes/macrophages, and
upregulation of MCP-1 expression. The
anti-inflammatory effect of TGF-β seems to be
mediated by a dysregulation of the systemic Treg
immune response, shown by decreased levels of
circulating CD4+/Foxp3+Treg
cells. Our experimental data support the idea that
TGF-β exerts anti-inflammatory actions in the
kidney and suggest that it is not an optimal
therapeutic target.
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Kubota S, Maeda-Uematsu A, Nishida T, Takigawa M. New functional aspects of CCN2 revealed by trans-omic approaches. J Oral Biosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rodrigues-Diez RR, Garcia-Redondo AB, Orejudo M, Rodrigues-Diez R, Briones AM, Bosch-Panadero E, Kery G, Pato J, Ortiz A, Salaices M, Egido J, Ruiz-Ortega M. The C-terminal module IV of connective tissue growth factor, through EGFR/Nox1 signaling, activates the NF-κB pathway and proinflammatory factors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:29-47. [PMID: 25065408 PMCID: PMC4270131 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a developmental gene upregulated in pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, whose product is a matricellular protein that can be degraded to biologically active fragments. Among them, the C-terminal module IV [CCN2(IV)] regulates many cellular functions, but there are no data about redox process. Therefore, we investigated whether CCN2(IV) through redox signaling regulates vascular responses. RESULTS CCN2(IV) increased superoxide anion (O2(•-)) production in murine aorta (ex vivo and in vivo) and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In isolated murine aorta, CCN2(IV), via O2(•-), increased phenylephrine-induced vascular contraction. CCN2(IV) in vivo regulated several redox-related processes in mice aorta, including increased nonphagocytic NAD(P)H oxidases (Nox)1 activity, protein nitrosylation, endothelial dysfunction, and activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and its related proinflammatory factors. The role of Nox1 in CCN2(IV)-mediated vascular responses in vivo was investigated by gene silencing. The administration of a Nox1 morpholino diminished aortic O2(•-) production, endothelial dysfunction, NF-κB activation, and overexpression of proinflammatory genes in CCN2(IV)-injected mice. The link CCN2(IV)/Nox1/NF-κB/inflammation was confirmed in cultured VSMCs. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a known CCN2 receptor. In VSMCs, CCN2(IV) activates EGFR signaling. Moreover, EGFR kinase inhibition blocked vascular responses in CCN2(IV)-injected mice. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION CCN2(IV) is a novel prooxidant factor that in VSMCs induces O2(•-) production via EGFR/Nox1 activation. Our in vivo data demonstrate that CCN2(IV) through EGFR/Nox1 signaling pathway induces endothelial dysfunction and activation of the NF-κB inflammatory pathway. Therefore, CCN2(IV) could be considered a potential therapeutic target for redox-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl R Rodrigues-Diez
- 1 Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid , Madrid, Spain
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Kok HM, Falke LL, Goldschmeding R, Nguyen TQ. Targeting CTGF, EGF and PDGF pathways to prevent progression of kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2014; 10:700-11. [PMID: 25311535 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2014.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health and economic burden with a rising incidence. During progression of CKD, the sustained release of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines and growth factors leads to an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and angiotensin II are considered to be the two main driving forces in fibrotic development. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has become the mainstay therapy for preservation of kidney function, but this treatment is not sufficient to prevent progression of fibrosis and CKD. Several factors that induce fibrosis have been identified, not only by TGF-β-dependent mechanisms, but also by TGF-β-independent mechanisms. Among these factors are the (partially) TGF-β-independent profibrotic pathways involving connective tissue growth factor, epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor and their receptors. In this Review, we discuss the specific roles of these pathways, their interactions and preclinical evidence supporting their qualification as additional targets for novel antifibrotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Kok
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lucas L Falke
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Roel Goldschmeding
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tri Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, H04.312, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
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49
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Cellular and molecular actions of CCN2/CTGF and its role under physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 128:181-96. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20140264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CCN family protein 2 (CCN2), also widely known as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), is one of the founding members of the CCN family of matricellular proteins. Extensive investigation on CCN2 over decades has revealed the novel molecular action and functional properties of this unique signalling modulator. By its interaction with multiple molecular counterparts, CCN2 yields highly diverse and context-dependent biological outcomes in a variety of microenvironments. Nowadays, CCN2 is recognized to conduct the harmonized development of relevant tissues, such as cartilage and bone, in the skeletal system, by manipulating extracellular signalling molecules involved therein by acting as a hub through a web. However, on the other hand, CCN2 occasionally plays profound roles in major human biological disorders, including fibrosis and malignancies in major organs and tissues, by modulating the actions of key molecules involved in these clinical entities. In this review, the physiological and pathological roles of this unique protein are comprehensively summarized from a molecular network-based viewpoint of CCN2 functionalities.
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50
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Knudsen SLJ, Mac ASW, Henriksen L, van Deurs B, Grøvdal LM. EGFR signaling patterns are regulated by its different ligands. Growth Factors 2014; 32:155-63. [PMID: 25257250 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2014.952410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
EGF receptor (EGFR) and its signaling have been investigated for many years, but how its different ligands regulate signaling has not been thoroughly explored. When investigating EGFR activation and downstream signaling in HeLa cells using a panel of ligands, we found a ligand-dependent differential activation of EGFR and the signaling pathways Akt, PLCγ and STAT with HB-EGF and BTC being the most potent ligands. All the tested ligands induced full activation of Erk signaling at 1 nM, whereas only HB-EGF and partly BTC and EGF induced strong activation of Akt, STAT3 and PLCγ at this concentration. Interestingly, we also found that the high activation potencies of HB-EGF and BTC could only partially be explained by their binding affinities, and are therefore likely to be regulated by other mechanisms. We thus suggest that the signaling pathways initiated from the EGFR vary depending on the ligands bound in a cell specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Louise Jeppe Knudsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Denmark
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