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Baggio-Souza V, Adenilson May-Junior J, Fagundes-Moreira R, Reis AO, de Almeida BA, Fragoso CE, Rampim LE, Sartorelo LR, Haberfeld MB, Martins TF, Labruna MB, Soares JF. A long-term study on free-ranging jaguar-tick interactions, featuring a novel report of Amblyomma incisum adult infestation. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1779-1784. [PMID: 38231369 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Over nearly 12 years, we collected ticks from free-ranging jaguars (Panthera onca) and performed statistical analyses to comprehend the vector-host relationship throughout the seasons. We evaluated the presence and number of ticks, as well as their association with weight, age, and gender of captured jaguars in the Pantanal and Amazon biomes. Out of 100 captured jaguars (comprising 72 initial captures and 28 recaptures, with 41 females and 31 males), 77 were found to be infested by different tick species. We gathered a total of 1,002 ticks, categorized by the following species in descending order of abundance: Amblyomma sculptum, Amblyomma ovale, Rhipicephalus microplus, Amblyomma triste, Amblyomma cajennense sensu stricto, Amblyomma incisum, and Amblyomma spp. larvae. Apart from weight, statistical analysis indicated that age, gender and seasonality does not significantly affect the presence of different tick species in free ranging jaguars. Notably, A. sculptum adults were more abundant in the first semester, while A. sculptum nymphs and Amblyomma spp. larvae were mainly found during dry months, aligning with their expected life cycle stages. This is the first long-term study in jaguars to correlate seasonality and host factors and also the first time an adult of A. incisum is reported infesting a jaguar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Baggio-Souza
- Laboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsiosis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Joares Adenilson May-Junior
- Laboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsiosis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Brazil
- Onçafari Association, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Panthera Corporation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renata Fagundes-Moreira
- Laboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsiosis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Adeyldes Oliveira Reis
- Laboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsiosis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thiago Fernandes Martins
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Pasteur Institute, São Paulo State Department of Health, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Fabio Soares
- Laboratory of Protozoology and Vector-Borne Rickettsiosis, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves 9090, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Brazil.
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Olafson PU, Buckmeier BG, May MA, Thomas DB. Molecular screening for rickettsial bacteria and piroplasms in ixodid ticks surveyed from white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) and nilgai antelope ( Boselaphus tragocamelus) in southern Texas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 13:252-260. [PMID: 33294364 PMCID: PMC7691163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A survey of ixodid ticks parasitizing white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and nilgai antelope (Boselaphus tragocamelus) was completed during the 2018–2019 public hunt season on the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge (Cameron County, Texas) and the East Foundation's El Sauz Ranch in nearby Willacy County (Texas). Anocenter nitens was the predominant tick species identified with 5% of these ticks collected from nilgai. All life stages were encountered in high numbers on white-tailed deer, indicating that deer may be a primary host in this region. Amblyomma maculatum and Amblyomma inornatum were identified from both hosts, while Ixodes scapularis was encountered only on white-tailed deer. This is the first published record of A. inornatum on nilgai. A subset of ticks was used in PCR assays to detect Rickettsia spp., family Anaplasmataceae, Borrelia spp., and Theileria-Babesia spp. Borrelia spp. were not detected in any of the ticks analyzed. Rickettsia parkeri was detected in three A. maculatum adult ticks from deer, Rickettsia sp. endosymbiont sequences were present in all I. scapularis ticks, and Rickettsia amblyommatis was detected in three A. inornatum adult ticks from deer. Sequence analysis of Anaplasmataceae-positive amplicons from A. nitens and A. maculatum had low percent identity to published Anaplasma spp. sequences, suggesting a unique Anaplasma sp. may be circulating in the population. Anaplasma platys was detected from A. nitens larvae and an Ehrlichia sp. Delta strain was present in A. maculatum, both of unknown pathogenicity towards deer. Theileria cervi was detected in all stages of A. nitens ticks, and positive ticks originated from 27 of 31 deer and a single nilgai sampled from throughout the survey site. The primary vector for T. cervi is absent from this region, suggesting T. cervi is possibly maintained by a different tick species. Anocenter nitens predominates on white-tailed deer and nilgai in southern Texas. Theileria cervi was detected in Anocenter nitens ticks from deer and a single nilgai. Three Theileria cervi genotypes were detected in this region of southern Texas. Unique Anaplasma sp. detected in A. nitens; low identity to known Anaplasma sp. Amblyomma inornatum ticks were identified on nilgai; a first record on this host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia U Olafson
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
| | - Beverly Greta Buckmeier
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
| | - Melinda A May
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksburg Rd., Kerrville, TX, 78028, USA
| | - Donald B Thomas
- USDA-ARS Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, 22675 N. Moorefield Road, Moore Air Base, Edinburg, TX, 78541, USA
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Orozco MM, Argibay HD, Minatel L, Guillemi EC, Berra Y, Schapira A, Di Nucci D, Marcos A, Lois F, Falzone M, Farber MD. A participatory surveillance of marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) morbidity and mortality in Argentina: first results. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:321. [PMID: 32873288 PMCID: PMC7465331 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In an era of unprecedented socio-ecological changes, managing wildlife health demands high-quality data collection and the engagement of local communities. Blastocerus dichotomus, the largest South American deer, is Vulnerable to extinction mainly due to habitat loss. Diseases have been recognised as a potential threat, and winter mortality has been historically described in marsh deer populations from Argentina. Field difficulties have, however, prevented in-depth studies of their health status. Results Between May 2014 and April 2017, we investigated marsh deer morbidity and mortality in the two largest populations in Argentina. We collected data by means of a passive surveillance system that involved a network of researchers, field partners (veterinarians, park rangers, and local community), and decision makers. We sampled marsh deer during as well as outside mortality events. A total of 44 marsh deer with different body condition scores were evaluated. We obtained haematology and biochemistry values from animals with good body condition score. Marsh deer with poor body condition had a high burden of the ticks Amblyomma triste and Rhipicephalus microplus. Vector-borne agents such as Theileria cervi, Trypanosoma theileri, Trypanosoma evansi, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma odocoilei, Anaplasma marginale, and Candidatus Anaplasma boleense were also found. Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. were the most frequent gastrointestinal parasites in deer with poor body condition. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis reinforced a possible association of winter period with lower body score condition, high tick loads, infection with E. chaffeensis, and presence of harmful gastrointestinal parasites. Conclusions Our approach allowed the establishment of a participatory surveillance network of marsh deer morbidity and mortality in Argentina. We report and analyse the first data obtained opportunistically within the framework of this network, providing information on the infectious and parasitic agents in marsh deer populations. The occurrence of Fasciola hepatica and Leptospira interrogans serovar pyrogenes is reported for the first time in wild marsh deer from Argentina. Our data will be useful to improve the interpretation of future mortality events. The field implementation of a surveillance network is key to a holistic approach to wildlife diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marcela Orozco
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Hernán D Argibay
- Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Minatel
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5285, C1217DSM, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana C Guillemi
- Instituto de Biotecnología-IABiMo, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA- CONICET), Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, B1712WAA, Castelar, Argentina
| | - Yanina Berra
- Área Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Chorroarín 280, C1427CW, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Schapira
- Cátedra de Patología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 5285, C1217DSM, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dante Di Nucci
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EGA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara, Hidalgo 767, C1405BCK, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Marcos
- Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria (SENASA), Av. Paseo Colón 367, C1063ACD, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Lois
- Fundación Temaikèn, Ruta Provincial 25, B1625 Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Falzone
- Fundación Temaikèn, Ruta Provincial 25, B1625 Belén de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marisa D Farber
- Instituto de Biotecnología-IABiMo, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA- CONICET), Las Cabañas y Los Reseros s/n, B1712WAA, Castelar, Argentina
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Estrada-Peña A, Szabó M, Labruna M, Mosqueda J, Merino O, Tarragona E, Venzal JM, de la Fuente J. Towards an Effective, Rational and Sustainable Approach for the Control of Cattle Ticks in the Neotropics. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 8:vaccines8010009. [PMID: 31905826 PMCID: PMC7157197 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks and transmitted pathogens constitute a major burden for cattle industry in the Neotropics. To address this limitation, the Spanish Ibero-American Program of Science and Technology in Development office (CYTED) supported from 2018 a network of scientists named “LaGar” (CYTED code 118RT0542) aimed at optimizing the control strategies of cattle ticks in the neotropical region. As part of network activities, a meeting and course were organized on 4–8 November 2019 in Querétaro, Mexico to address the objective of developing the infrastructure necessary for an effective, sustainable (i.e., combination of efficacious acaricides with anti-tick vaccines) and rational (i.e., considering tick ecology, seasonal dynamics and cattle-wildlife interactions) control of cattle tick infestations and transmitted pathogens. The course was focused on scientists, students, cattle holders and producers and pharmaceutical/industry representatives. In this way the course addressed the different views presented by participants with the conclusion of producing a research-driven combination of different interventions for the control of tick tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Estrada-Peña
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Research Group in Emerging Zoonoses, IA2, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Matías Szabó
- Federal University of Überlandia, Überlandia 38408-100, Brazil;
| | | | - Juan Mosqueda
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomus University of Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, Mexico;
| | - Octavio Merino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas 87000, Mexico;
| | | | - José M. Venzal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Republic, Salto 11200, Uruguay;
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Ojeda-Chi MM, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Esteve-Gasent MD, Pérez de León A, Modarelli JJ, Villegas-Perez S. Molecular detection of rickettsial tick-borne agents in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus yucatanensis), mazama deer (Mazama temama), and the ticks they host in Yucatan, Mexico. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:365-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Barbieri AR, Szabó MP, Costa FB, Martins TF, Soares HS, Pascoli G, Torga K, Saraiva DG, Ramos VN, Osava C, Gerardi M, Dias RA, Moraes EA, Ferreira F, Castro MB, Labruna MB. Species richness and seasonal dynamics of ticks with notes on rickettsial infection in a Natural Park of the Cerrado biome in Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:442-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Navas-Suárez PE, Díaz-Delgado J, Matushima ER, Fávero CM, Sánchez Sarmiento AM, Sacristán C, Ewbank AC, Marques Joppert A, Barbanti Duarte JM, dos Santos-Cirqueira C, Cogliati B, Mesquita L, Maiorka PC, Catão-Dias JL. A retrospective pathology study of two Neotropical deer species (1995-2015), Brazil: Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) and brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198670. [PMID: 29879222 PMCID: PMC5991706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This retrospective study describes the biological and epidemiological aspects, gross and microscopical findings, and most likely causes of death (CD) in two species of Neotropical deer in Brazil. The animals were collected between 1995 and 2015 and represented 75 marsh deer (MD) and 136 brown brocket deer (BBD). Summarized, pneumonia was diagnosed microscopically in 48 MD and 52 BBD; 76 deer suffered trauma, involving dog attack (14 BBD) and vehicle-collision (14 BBD). Pulmonary edema (50 MD; 55 BBD) and congestion (57 MD; 78 BBD) were the most common findings for both species. Additionally, we diagnosed ruminal and myocardial mycosis in MD and BBD, respectively; ovarian dysgerminoma and pancreatic trematodiasis in BBD; and lesions suggestive of malignant catarrhal fever and orbiviral hemorrhagic disease in both species. The main CD in MD was: respiratory (41/75), alimentary, nutritional, trauma and euthanasia (3/75 each). Correspondingly, in BBD were: trauma (34/131), respiratory (30/131) and euthanasia (9/131). Respiratory disease was often defined by pulmonary edema and pneumonia. We provide evidence that respiratory disease, mainly pneumonia, is a critical pathological process in these Neotropical deer species. Although no etiological agents were identified, there is evidence of bacterial and viral involvement. Our results show trauma, mainly anthropogenic, as a common ailment in BBD. We propose to prioritize respiratory disease in future research focused on South American deer health aspects. We believe anthropogenic trauma may be a primary threat for populations of BBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Enrique Navas-Suárez
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology - LAPCOM, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Josué Díaz-Delgado
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology - LAPCOM, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana Reiko Matushima
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology - LAPCOM, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cintia Maria Fávero
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology - LAPCOM, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angélica Maria Sánchez Sarmiento
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology - LAPCOM, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Sacristán
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology - LAPCOM, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Ewbank
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology - LAPCOM, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Marques Joppert
- Divisão Técnica de Medicina Veterinária e Manejo da Fauna Silvestre (DEPAVE-3), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose Mauricio Barbanti Duarte
- Deer Research and Conservation Center (NUPECCE), Department of Animal Science, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Cogliati
- Laboratory of Morphological and Molecular Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Mesquita
- Laboratory of Animal Models, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo César Maiorka
- Laboratory of Animal Models, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Catão-Dias
- Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology - LAPCOM, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hematologic Parameters and Viral Status for Zika, Chikungunya, Bluetongue, and Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease in White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) on St. John, US Virgin Islands. J Wildl Dis 2018; 54:843-847. [PMID: 29792759 DOI: 10.7589/2017-12-315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A population of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) resides throughout the island of St. John, US Virgin Islands, predominately in the Virgin Islands National Park. Adult deer ( n=23), ranging from 1 yr to 8 yr old, were assessed to characterize body condition and health. Serologic samples were screened for important viral pathogens in the area, including Zika, chikungunya, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses. Samples were collected in July 2016; males were in velvet and all females were in diestrus. Deer had recovered from a severe drought the previous year but were generally healthy, with a low-level but high incidence of tick parasitism. Marked statistically significant changes in hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were associated with the effects of the anesthetic mixture used for capture. No other statistically significant differences were observed. Serum from four deer induced reduction in Zika virus plaques, suggesting possible exposure. No serum was reactive for chikungunya virus. Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease antibodies were present in 50% of the sampled deer, but no clinical signs associated with disease were observed during the study period. These data will be valuable for future dynamic health assessment and may help assess changes to the population, such as those induced by climate change, infectious disease, or other demographic events.
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Allerdice MEJ, Beati L, Yaglom H, Lash RR, Delgado-de la Mora J, Licona-Enriquez JD, Delgado-de la Mora D, Paddock CD. Rickettsia parkeri (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae) Detected in Ticks of the Amblyomma maculatum (Acari: Ixodidae) Group Collected from Multiple Locations in Southern Arizona. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1743-1749. [PMID: 28981813 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsia parkeri is an emerging human pathogen transmitted by Amblyomma ticks in predominately tropical and subtropical regions of the western hemisphere. In 2014 and 2015, one confirmed case and one probable case of R. parkeri rickettsiosis were reported from the Pajarita Wilderness Area, a semi-arid mountainous region in southern Arizona. To examine more closely the potential public health risk of R. parkeri in this region, a study was initiated to investigate the pervasiveness of Amblyomma maculatum Koch group ticks in mountainous areas of southern Arizona and to ascertain the infection frequencies of R. parkeri in these ticks. During July 2016, a total of 182 adult ticks were collected and evaluated from the Pajarita Wilderness Area in Santa Cruz County and two additional sites in Cochise and Santa Cruz counties in southern Arizona. DNA of R. parkeri was detected in a total of 44 (24%) of these ticks. DNA of "Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae" and Rickettsia rhipicephali was detected in three (2%) and one (0.5%) of the samples, respectively. These observations corroborate previous collection records and indicate that established populations of A. maculatum group ticks exist in multiple foci in southern Arizona. The high frequency of R. parkeri in these tick populations suggests a public health risk as well as the need to increase education of R. parkeri rickettsiosis for those residing, working in, or visiting this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E J Allerdice
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Lorenza Beati
- United States National Tick Collection, Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA
| | - Hayley Yaglom
- Office of Infectious Disease Services | Bureau of Epidemiology & Disease Control, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, AZ
| | - R Ryan Lash
- Travelers' Health Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - David Delgado-de la Mora
- Department of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Technologic Institute of Sonora, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Christopher D Paddock
- Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Nelson SL, Durden LA, Reuter JD. Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nitens (Acari: Ixodidae) Coparasitize White-Tailed Deer on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1440-1443. [PMID: 28591859 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ticks parasitizing introduced white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmermann), on St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands, were recorded during and after drought conditions. Tick infestation prevalences were 22% at the start of the drought (July 2015), 66% at the height of the drought (March 2016), and 35% after the drought had ended (July 2016; n = 67 deer). Samples of ticks from 22 tranquilized deer in July 2016 revealed the presence of two species, the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), and the tropical horse tick, Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens Neumann. Both tick species have considerable veterinary importance, especially for cattle and horses, respectively, as nuisance biters and also as vectors of parasitic piroplasms or of Anaplasma marginale Theiler. All 22 deer examined were infested by R. microplus, whereas 14 (64%) of the samples also included specimens of D. nitens. Because of the large numbers of ticks recorded, wild deer on St. John could develop associated health problems (pruritis, alopecia, anemia, low weight gain, tick-borne pathogens and parasites) and could also serve as a source of these ticks for cattle and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne L Nelson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 354 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0354
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 510 Desmond Drive SE, Lacey, WA 98503
| | - Lance A Durden
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, 4324 Old Register Rd., Statesboro, GA 30458
| | - Jon D Reuter
- Office of Animal Resources, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2860 Wilderness Place, Boulder, CO 80301
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Cançado PHD, Faccini JLH, Mourão GDM, Piranda EM, Onofrio VC, Barros-Battesti DM. Current status of ticks and tick-host relationship in domestic and wild animals from Pantanal wetlands in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. IHERINGIA. SERIE ZOOLOGIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2017110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT This is a commented list of tick’s species collected on various wild and domestic animals, including the reports on scientific literature for the studied region. Most of animals were small or medium mammals. Carnivores were the main taxa group examined. Although, the pampas deer ( Ozotocerus bezoarticus) and giant anteater ( Mymercophaga tridactyla) also has a good representation on study. Among domestic animals, dogs, horses and cattle were examined. Summing up, 18 tick species were listed for the region. Sixteen were hard ticks (Ixodidae) and two soft ticks (Argasidae). Amblyomma sculptum was the most common and abundant hard tick. Ornithodoros rostratus (Argasidae) was very abundant, being the more important Argasidae tick on the study region. The following species were colleted or reported on scientific literature: Argas miniatus Koch, 1844; Ornithodoros rostratus Aragão, 1911; Dermacentor nitens Newmann, 1897; Rhipicephalus ( Boophilus) microplus Canestrini, 1887; Amblyomma tigrinum Koch, 1844; A. dissimile Koch, 1844; A. ovale Koch, 1844; A. pauvum Aragão, 1908; A. sculptum Berlese, 1888; A. calcaratum Neumann, 1899; A. coelebs Neumann, 1899; A. dubittatum Newmann, 1899; A. scalpturatum Newmann, 1906; A. naponense Packard, 1869; A. nodosum Newmann, 1899; A. pseudoconcolor Aragão, 1908; A. rotundatum Koch, 1844; A. triste Koch, 1844.
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Poo-Muñoz DA, Elizondo-Patrone C, Escobar LE, Astorga F, Bermúdez SE, Martínez-Valdebenito C, Abarca K, Medina-Vogel G. Fleas and Ticks in Carnivores From a Domestic-Wildlife Interface: Implications for Public Health and Wildlife. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:1433-1443. [PMID: 27539151 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fleas and ticks are parasites of wild and domestic mammals, and can be vectors of several pathogens. In rural areas, domestic carnivores such as the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris L.), may act as a "bridge" between natural areas and human settlements where ectoparasites can be used as a metric of such link. The aim of this study was to identify fleas, ticks, and Rickettsia spp., collected from domestic and wild carnivores in a natural reserve and surrounding human settlements in Central Chile, using morphological keys and molecular analysis. We surveyed 170 households from which 107 dogs and eight cats were sampled. From the natural reserve, we sampled two chilla foxes (Pseudalopex griseus Gray), two lesser grison (Galictis cuja Molina), three kodkods (Leopardus guigna Molina), and four dogs. From dogs, we collected Ctenocephalides felis Bouché, Ctenocephalides canis Curtis, Pulex irritans L., and Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. Latreille; C. felis was the most frequent ectoparasite. Cats were infested only by C. felis and Rh. sanguineus s.l. From wild carnivores, we obtained C. canis and P. irritans, the latter being most frequent. Molecular analysis of P. irritans detected 10 haplotypes and two main clades, which tended to separate fleas from wild and domestic hosts. Molecular analysis of ompA and ompB genes confirmed the presence of Rickettsia felis in fleas collected from owned dogs and cats, which could represent a potential risk factor of R. felis transmission in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Poo-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 252, Santiago, Chile (; ; ; )
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Santo Tomás Sede Temuco, Manuel Rodríguez 060, Temuco, Chile
| | - Claudia Elizondo-Patrone
- Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 252, Santiago, Chile (; ; ; )
- Genética de la Conservación-Departamento de Biodiversidad y Genética -IIBCE- MEC, Av. Italia 3318, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
| | - Luis E Escobar
- Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Francisca Astorga
- Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 252, Santiago, Chile (; ; ; )
| | - Sergio E Bermúdez
- Departamento de Investigación en Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Panamá
| | - Constanza Martínez-Valdebenito
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (; )
| | - Katia Abarca
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile (; )
| | - Gonzalo Medina-Vogel
- Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, Av. República 252, Santiago, Chile (; ; ; )
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Colombo VC, Nava S, Antoniazzi LR, Monje LD, Racca AL, Guglielmone AA, Beldomenico PM. Ecology of the interaction between Ixodes loricatus (Acari: Ixodidae) and Akodon azarae (Rodentia: Criceridae). Parasitol Res 2015; 114:3683-91. [PMID: 26122994 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present study explores associations of different factors (i.e. host parameters, presence of other ectoparasites and [mainly biotic] environmental factors) with burdens of Ixodes loricatus immature stages in one of its main hosts in Argentina, the rodent Akodon azarae. For 2 years, rodents were trapped and sampled monthly at 16 points located in four different sites in the Parana River Delta region. Data were analysed with generalized linear mixed models with a negative binomial response (counts of larvae or nymphs). The independent variables assessed were (a) environmental: trapping year, presence of cattle, type of vegetation, rodent abundance; (b) host parameters: body length, sex, body condition, blood cell counts, natural antibody titers and (c) co-infestation with other ectoparasites. Two-way interaction terms deemed a priori as relevant were also included in the analysis. Most of the associations investigated were found significant, but in general, the direction and magnitude of the associations were context-dependent. An exception was the presence of cattle, which was consistently negatively associated with both larvae and nymphs independently of all other variables considered and had the strongest effect on tick burdens. Mites, fleas and Amblyomma triste were also significantly associated (mostly positively) with larval and nymph burdens, and in many cases, they influenced associations with environmental or host factors. Our findings strongly support that raising cattle may have a substantial impact on the dynamics of I. loricatus and that interactions within the ectoparasite community may be an important-but generally ignored-driver of tick dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria C Colombo
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades (LEcEn), ICiVet, UNL-CONICET, RP Kreder 2805, CP 3080, Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Factors affecting patterns of Amblyomma triste (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitism in a rodent host. Vet Parasitol 2015; 211:251-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Oliveira PR, Scopinho Furquim KC, Bechara GH, Camargo-Mathias MI. Morpho-histochemical characterization of the salivary glands of semi-engorged Amblyomma triste (Koch, 1844) (Acari: Ixodidae) female ticks. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2015; 3:92-99. [PMID: 30023188 PMCID: PMC6014189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmau.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the morphological and physiological characterization of the salivary glands of semi-engorged Amblyomma triste females. Unfed individuals were placed on New Zealand White rabbits for feeding and the females, after 4 days, were collected, dissected and the salivary glands were submitted to the application of histological (hematoxylin–eosin technique) and histochemical tests for the detection of protein (bromophenol blue technique, polysaccharides (periodic acid–Schiff technique), lipid (Nile blue technique) and calcium (von Kossa technique). The histological results show that the glandular tissue is composed by a system of ducts and three types of acini (I, II and III). The acini I are formed by a large central cell surrounded by several smaller agranular peripheral cells. Acini II are formed by cells a, c1, c2, c3 and c5, which are full of secretion granules. Acini III are constituted by cells d, e and f; the former two contain secretion granules, the latter is agranular. The glandular histochemical composition was also verified. Data obtained here will certainly help in the understanding of the cellular morphology and of the general physiology of these organs in this specie, providing important information for the creation of scientific bases which will contribute for the development of more specific and efficient methods of control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gervásio Henrique Bechara
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Castellane, s/n, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Silveira I, Martins TF, Olegário MM, Peterka C, Guedes E, Ferreira F, Labruna MB. Rickettsial Infection in Animals, Humans and Ticks in Paulicéia, Brazil. Zoonoses Public Health 2015; 62:525-33. [PMID: 25643912 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A previous study in Paulicéia Municipality, south-eastern Brazil, reported 9.7% of the Amblyomma triste ticks to be infected by Rickettsia parkeri, a bacterial pathogen that causes spotted fever in humans. These A. triste ticks were shown to be associated with marsh areas, where the marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus is a primary host for this tick species. During 2008-2009, blood serum samples were collected from 140 horses, 41 dogs, 5 opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and 26 humans in farms from Pauliceia Municipality. Ticks were collected from these animals, from vegetation and from additional wildlife in these farms. Overall, 25% (35/140) of the horses, 7.3% (3/41) of the dogs, 3.8% (1/26) of the humans and 100% (5/5) of the opossums were seroreactive (titre ≥64) to spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia spp. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that horses that were allowed to forage in the marsh were 4.8 times more likely to be seroreactive to spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia spp than horses that did not forage in the marsh. In addition, horses that had been living in the farm for more than 8.5 years were 2.8 times more likely to be seroreactive to SFG Rickettsia spp than horses that were living for ≤8.5 years. Ticks collected from domestic animals or from vegetation included Amblyomma cajennense, Amblyomma coelebs, Amblyomma dubitatum, Dermacentor nitens and Rhipicephalus microplus. By PCR analyses, only one pool of A. coelebs ticks from the vegetation was shown to be infected by rickettsiae, for which DNA sequencing revealed to be Rickettsia amblyommii. Ticks (not tested by PCR) collected from wildlife encompassed A. cajennense and Amblyomma rotundatum on lizards (Tupinambis sp), and A. cajennense and A. triste on the bird Laterallus viridis. Our results indicate that the marsh area of Paulicéia offers risks of infection by SFG rickettsiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Silveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T F Martins
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Olegário
- Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - C Peterka
- Tropical Medicine Foundation of Tocantins (Funtrop), Araguaína, Brazil
| | - E Guedes
- Parasitology Laboratory, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Rua Eugênio do Nascimento, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - F Ferreira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Labruna
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Garcia GR, Gardinassi LG, Ribeiro JM, Anatriello E, Ferreira BR, Moreira HNS, Mafra C, Martins MM, Szabó MPJ, de Miranda-Santos IKF, Maruyama SR. The sialotranscriptome of Amblyomma triste, Amblyomma parvum and Amblyomma cajennense ticks, uncovered by 454-based RNA-seq. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:430. [PMID: 25201527 PMCID: PMC4261526 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tick salivary constituents antagonize inflammatory, immune and hemostatic host responses, favoring tick blood feeding and the establishment of tick-borne pathogens in hosts during hematophagy. Amblyomma triste, A. cajennense and A. parvum ticks are very important in veterinary and human health because they are vectors of the etiological agents for several diseases. Insights into the tick salivary components involved in blood feeding are essential to understanding vector-pathogen-host interactions, and transcriptional profiling of salivary glands is a powerful tool to do so. Here, we functionally annotated the sialotranscriptomes of these three Amblyomma species, which allowed comparisons between these and other hematophagous arthropod species. Methods mRNA from the salivary glands of A. triste, A. cajennense and A. parvum ticks fed on different host species were pyrosequenced on a 454-Roche platform to generate four A. triste (nymphs fed on guinea pigs and females fed on dogs) libraries, one A. cajennense (females fed on rabbits) library and one was A. parvum (females fed on dogs) library. Bioinformatic analyses used in-house programs with a customized pipeline employing standard assembly and alignment algorithms, protein databases and protein servers. Results Each library yielded an average of 100,000 reads, which were assembled to obtain contigs of coding sequences (CDSs). The sialotranscriptome analyses of A. triste, A. cajennense and A. parvum ticks produced 11,240, 4,604 and 3,796 CDSs, respectively. These CDSs were classified into over 100 distinct protein families with a wide range of putative functions involved in physiological and blood feeding processes and were catalogued in annotated, hyperlinked spreadsheets. We highlighted the putative transcripts encoding saliva components with critical roles during parasitism, such as anticoagulants, immunosuppressants and anti-inflammatory molecules. The salivary content underwent changes in the abundance and repertoire of many transcripts, which depended on the tick and host species. Conclusions The annotated sialotranscriptomes described herein richly expand the biological knowledge of these three Amblyomma species. These comprehensive databases will be useful for the characterization of salivary proteins and can be applied to control ticks and tick-borne diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-430) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandra Regina Maruyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Nava S, Mangold AJ, Mastropaolo M, Venzal JM, Fracassi N, Guglielmone AA. Seasonal dynamics and hosts of Amblyomma triste (Acari: Ixodidae) in Argentina. Vet Parasitol 2011; 181:301-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bermúdez SE, Miranda RJ, Smith D. Ticks species (Ixodida) in the Summit Municipal Park and adjacent areas, Panama City, Panama. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2010; 52:439-448. [PMID: 20585838 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-010-9374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
From September 2007 to September 2009, we studied the species of ticks present in the Summit Municipal Park. Ticks were extracted from zoo animals, free-living wild mammals and reptiles trapped, dead mammals on the roads and environment (ground and zoo burrows). A total of 2,649 ticks were collected: 2,167 immature stages (1,345 larvae and 822 nymphs) and 482 adults. Seventeen species were identified: Ornithodoros puertorricensis (Argasidae), Amblyomma auricularium, A. cajennense, A. calcaratum, A. dissimile, A. geayi, A. naponense, A. nodosum, A. oblongoguttatum, A. ovale, A. pecarium, A. sabanerae, A. tapirellum, A. varium, Ixodes luciae, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Ixodidae), representing 36% of the species reported in Panama. Amblyomma ovale was the species most commonly infesting animals from the zoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Bermúdez
- Sección de Entomología Médica, Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Avenida Justo Arosemena, Apo. Postal 0816-02593, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama.
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Galetti M, Pardini R, Duarte JMB, Silva VMFD, Rossi A, Peres CA. Mudanças no Código Florestal e seu impacto na ecologia e diversidade dos mamíferos no Brasil. BIOTA NEOTROPICA 2010. [DOI: 10.1590/s1676-06032010000400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Os ecossistemas florestais do Brasil abrigam um dos mais altos níveis de diversidade de mamíferos da Terra, e boa parte dessa diversidade se encontra nas áreas legalmente protegidas em áreas de domínio privado. As reservas legais (RLs) e áreas de proteção permanente (APPs) representam estratégias importantes para a proteção e manutenção dessa diversidade. Mudanças propostas no Código Florestal certamente trarão efeitos irreversíveis para a diversidade de mamíferos no Brasil. Os mamíferos apresentam papéis-chave nos ecossistemas, atuando como polinizadores e dispersores de sementes. A extinção local de algumas espécies pode reduzir os serviços ecológicos nas RLs e APPs. Outra consequência grave da redução de áreas de vegetação nativa caso a mudança no Código Florestal seja aprovada será o aumento no risco de transmição de doenças, trazendo sério problemas a saúde pública no Brasil.
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da Silveira JAG, Rabelo EML, Ribeiro MFB. Detection of Theileria and Babesia in brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) and marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Vet Parasitol 2010; 177:61-6. [PMID: 21354704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Intraerythrocytic protozoan species of the genera Theileria and Babesia are known to infect both wild and domestic animals, and both are transmitted by hard-ticks of the family Ixodidae. The prevalences of hemoprotozoa and ectoparasites in 15 free-living Mazama gouazoubira, two captive M. gouazoubira and four captive Blastocerus dichotomus from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, have been determined through the examination of blood smears and the use of nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). The cervid population was inspected for the presence of ticks and any specimens encountered were identified alive under the stereomicroscope. Blood samples were collected from all 21 animals, following which blood smears were prepared, subjected to quick Romanowsky staining and examined under the optical microscope. DNA was extracted with the aid of commercial kits from cervid blood samples and from tick salivary glands. The nPCR assay comprised two amplification reactions: the first was conducted using primers specific for a 1700 bp segment of the 18S rRNA gene of Babesia and Theileria species, whilst the second employed primers designed to amplify a common 420 bp Babesia 18S rRNA fragment identified by aligning sequences from Babesia spp. available at GenBank. The ticks Amblyomma cajennense, Rhipicephalus microplus and Dermacentor nitens were identified in various of the cervids examined. Of the animals investigated, 71.4% (15/21) were infected with hemoprotozoa, including Theileria cervi (47.6%), Theileria sp. (14.3%), Babesia bovis (4.8%) and Babesia bigemina (4.8%). However, only one of the infected wild cervids exhibited accentuated anaemia (PCV=17%). This is first report concerning the occurrence of Theileria spp. in Brazilian cervids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia A G da Silveira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Otávio FMS, Bechara GH, Del Vecchio RE. Localization of antigenic sites in unfed nymphs of Amblyomma triste Koch 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks by immunohistochemistry. Transbound Emerg Dis 2010; 57:77-8. [PMID: 20537113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2010.01115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of sera collected from guinea pigs after three infestations with Amblyomma triste nymphs on histological sections of the same tick species was investigated through immunohistochemistry to identify potential target cells and tissues. Six guinea pigs were infested thrice, at 30 day intervals, with 30 nymphs of A. triste per animal per infestation. Blood samples were collected from the guinea pigs 15 days after each infestation for serum separation; normal serum was obtained before the first infestation as control. Unfed A. triste nymphs' histological sections were submitted to indirect immunohistochemistry technique by using normal or hyperimmune guinea pig serum as primary antibody and a goat IgG-alkaline phosphatase-APase conjugate as secondary antibody. A weak to moderate APase activity was observed in cells of salivary glands, midgut and haemolymph of unfed nymphs incubated with hyperimmune serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M S Otávio
- Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil
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Pérez de León AA, Strickman DA, Knowles DP, Fish D, Thacker E, de la Fuente J, Krause PJ, Wikel SK, Miller RS, Wagner GG, Almazán C, Hillman R, Messenger MT, Ugstad PO, Duhaime RA, Teel PD, Ortega-Santos A, Hewitt DG, Bowers EJ, Bent SJ, Cochran MH, McElwain TF, Scoles GA, Suarez CE, Davey R, Howell Freeman JM, Lohmeyer K, Li AY, Guerrero FD, Kammlah DM, Phillips P, Pound JM. One Health approach to identify research needs in bovine and human babesioses: workshop report. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:36. [PMID: 20377902 PMCID: PMC2859369 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Babesia are emerging health threats to humans and animals in the United States. A collaborative effort of multiple disciplines to attain optimal health for people, animals and our environment, otherwise known as the One Health concept, was taken during a research workshop held in April 2009 to identify gaps in scientific knowledge regarding babesioses. The impetus for this analysis was the increased risk for outbreaks of bovine babesiosis, also known as Texas cattle fever, associated with the re-infestation of the U.S. by cattle fever ticks. RESULTS The involvement of wildlife in the ecology of cattle fever ticks jeopardizes the ability of state and federal agencies to keep the national herd free of Texas cattle fever. Similarly, there has been a progressive increase in the number of cases of human babesiosis over the past 25 years due to an increase in the white-tailed deer population. Human babesiosis due to cattle-associated Babesia divergens and Babesia divergens-like organisms have begun to appear in residents of the United States. Research needs for human and bovine babesioses were identified and are presented herein. CONCLUSIONS The translation of this research is expected to provide veterinary and public health systems with the tools to mitigate the impact of bovine and human babesioses. However, economic, political, and social commitments are urgently required, including increased national funding for animal and human Babesia research, to prevent the re-establishment of cattle fever ticks and the increasing problem of human babesiosis in the United States.
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Veronez VA, Freitas BZ, Olegário MMM, Carvalho WM, Pascoli GVT, Thorga K, Garcia MV, Szabó MPJ. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) within various phytophysiognomies of a Cerrado reserve in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2010; 50:169-179. [PMID: 19693680 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-009-9294-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerrado biome, the South American savannah, covers about 2 million km(2) and is very rich in endemic species but threatened by agriculture. In this report free-living tick species are presented, and their seasonal and relative distribution within the various phytophysiognomies in a small Cerrado reserve in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Overall 2,694 free-living ticks were found during a 2 years sampling period with CO(2) traps and cloth dragging. Of these, 73.5% were Amblyomma cajennense and 0.6% Amblyomma dubitatum. All other ticks (25.9%) were retained as Amblyomma spp. Adults of A. cajennense peaked in spring, the nymphs in winter of both years. Amblyomma larval clusters were found in autumn and winter. Adult ticks (46.7%) and nymphs (39.5%) were most often found in woodlands, whereas most larval clusters were found in valley-side marshes (39%). Amblyomma cajennense, Anocentor nitens, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplusand Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks were found on domestic animals from neighboring properties. Search for Rickettsia in the hemolymph of 497 A. cajennense and one A. dubitatum ticks yielded negative results. Results confirmed earlier reports on the overwhelming prevalence of A. cajennense ticks in the Cerrado biome of Brazil and added information to habitat preferences of this tick species, a major vector in Brazil of the Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Aparecida Veronez
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
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Otávio FS, Bechara GH. Guinea Pigs Develop Cutaneous Basophilia after Repeated Infestations by Nymphs of the TickAmblyomma triste. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1149:226-9. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1428.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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de Oliveira PR, Bechara GH, Camargo Mathias MI. Amblyomma triste (Koch, 1844) (Acari: Ixodidae). Exp Parasitol 2007; 116:407-13. [PMID: 17433302 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 02/11/2007] [Accepted: 02/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study presents an ultrastructural analysis of the ovary of the tick, Amblyomma triste. The ovary of this species is of the panoistic type that is, without nursing and follicular cells. It is composed of a layer of epithelial cells forming a wall and of germinative cells that generate the oocytes which remain attached to the external margin of this wall by a multicellular pedicel. The different developmental stages in the oocytes had been described by Oliveira et al. [Oliveira, P.R., Bechara, G.H., Camargo-Mathias, M.I., 2006. Amblyomma triste (Koch, 1844) (Acari: Ixodidae): Morphological description of the ovary and of vitellogenesis. Experimental Parasitology 113, 179-185]. The results of the investigation suggest that besides exogenous production of vitellogenic elements, endogenous production can take place simultaneously, contributing to the development and growth of the oocytes.
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Phylogeography and Pleistocene demographic history of the endangered marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) from the Río de la Plata Basin. CONSERV GENET 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-005-9067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Labruna MB, Jorge RSP, Sana DA, Jácomo ATA, Kashivakura CK, Furtado MM, Ferro C, Perez SA, Silveira L, Santos TS, Marques SR, Morato RG, Nava A, Adania CH, Teixeira RHF, Gomes AAB, Conforti VA, Azevedo FCC, Prada CS, Silva JCR, Batista AF, Marvulo MFV, Morato RLG, Alho CJR, Pinter A, Ferreira PM, Ferreira F, Barros-Battesti DM. Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) on wild carnivores in Brazil. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2005; 36:149-63. [PMID: 16082932 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-005-2563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports field data of ticks infesting wild carnivores captured from July 1998 to September 2004 in Brazil. Additional data were obtained from one tick collection and from previous published data of ticks on carnivores in Brazil. During field work, a total of 3437 ticks were collected from 89 Cerdocyon thous (crab-eating fox), 58 Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), 30 Puma concolor (puma), 26 Panthera onca (jaguar), 12 Procyon cancrivorus (crab-eating raccoon), 4 Speothos venaticus (bush dog), 6 Pseudalopex vetulus (hoary fox), 6 Nasua nasua (coati), 6 Leopardus pardalis (ocelot), 2 Leopardus tigrinus (oncilla), 1 Leopardus wiedii (margay), 1 Herpailurus yagouaroundi (jaguarundi), 1 Oncifelis colocolo (pampas cat), 1 Eira barbara (tayara), 1 Galictis vittata (grison), 1 Lontra longicaudis (neotropical otter), and 1 Potus flavus (kinkajou). Data obtained from the Acari Collection IBSP included a total of 381 tick specimens collected on 13 C. thous, 8 C. brachyurus, 3 P. concolor, 10 P. onca, 3 P. cancrivorus, 4 N. nasua, 1 L. pardalis, 1 L. wiedii, 4 H. yagouaroundi, 1 Galictis cuja (lesser grison), and 1 L. longicaudis. The only tick-infested carnivore species previously reported in Brazil, for which we do not present any field data are Pseudalopex gymnocercus (pampas fox), Conepatus chinga (Molina's hog-nosed skunk), and Conepatus semistriatus (striped hog-nosed skunk). We report the first tick records in Brazil on two Felidae species (O. colocolo, H. yagouaroundi), two Canidae species (P. vetulus, S. venaticus), one Procyonidae species (P. flavus) and one Mustelidae (E. barbara). Tick infestation remains unreported for 5 of the 26 Carnivora species native in Brazil: Oncifelis geoffroyi (Geoffroy's cat), Atelocynus microtis (short-eared dog), Pteronura brasiliensis (giant otter), Mustela africana (Amazon weasel), and Bassaricyon gabbii (olingo). Our field data comprise 16 tick species represented by the genera Amblyomma (12 species), Ixodes (1 species), Dermacentor (1 species), Rhipicephalus (1 species), and Boophilus (1 species). Additional 5 tick species (3 Amblyomma species and 1 species from each of the genera Ixodes and Ornithodoros) were reported in the literature. The most common ticks on Carnivora hosts were Amblyomma ovale (found on 14 host species), Amblyomma cajennense (10 species), Amblyomma aureolatum (10 species), Amblyomma tigrinum (7 species), Amblyomma parvum (7 species), and Boophilus microplus (7 species).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo B Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil 05508-000.
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