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Ishaq MU, Kunwar D, Qadeer A, Komel A, Safi A, Malik A, Malik L, Akbar A. Effect of vitamin A on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes: An overview of deficiency, excessive intake, and intake recommendations. Nutr Clin Pract 2024; 39:373-384. [PMID: 38030585 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.11096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A imbalance during pregnancy and lactation is a global public health concern with potentially negative consequences for fetuses and neonates. Inadequate vitamin A intake during this critical period can lead to anemia, weakened immune function, night blindness, and increased susceptibility to infections. Conversely, excessive intake of vitamin A can result in birth defects, hypercalcemia, and psychiatric symptoms. This review aims to identify risk factors contributing to vitamin A deficiency in pregnant women and its impact on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes. It also examines the effects of high-dose vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy on offspring health. By analyzing existing literature and recommendations, the review emphasizes the significance of vitamin A in the development of various body systems and organs. It provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of vitamin A during pregnancy and lactation, encompassing deficiencies, excessive intake, and supplementation guidelines. The need for further research in this field is highlighted. In conclusion, maintaining a balanced vitamin A status is crucial during pregnancy to promote better outcomes for fetuses and newborns. Effective monitoring and intervention strategies are essential to address vitamin A deficiency and excess in pregnant women, thereby improving fetal and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Digbijay Kunwar
- Department of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Department of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Komel
- Department of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Safi
- Department of Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Malik
- Department of Medicine, Fatima Memorial College of Medicine and Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Linta Malik
- Department of Medicine, Nishtar Medical University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Anum Akbar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Kumar S, Chhabra V, Mehra M, K S, Kumar B H, Shenoy S, Swamy RS, Murti K, Pai KSR, Kumar N. The fluorosis conundrum: bridging the gap between science and public health. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:214-235. [PMID: 37921264 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2268722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorosis, a chronic condition brought on by excessive fluoride ingestion which, has drawn much scientific attention and public health concern. It is a complex and multifaceted issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Despite decades of scientific research elucidating the causes, mechanisms, and prevention strategies for fluorosis, there remains a significant gap between scientific understanding and public health implementation. While the scientific community has made significant strides in understanding the etiology and prevention of fluorosis, effectively translating this knowledge into public health policies and practices remains challenging. This review explores the gap between scientific research on fluorosis and its practical implementation in public health initiatives. It suggests developing evidence-based guidelines for fluoride exposure and recommends comprehensive educational campaigns targeting the public and healthcare providers. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for further research to fill the existing knowledge gaps and promote evidence-based decision-making. By fostering collaboration, communication, and evidence-based practices, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the public can work together to implement preventive measures and mitigate the burden of fluorosis on affected communities. This review highlighted several vital strategies to bridge the gap between science and public health in the context of fluorosis. It emphasizes the importance of translating scientific evidence into actionable guidelines, raising public awareness about fluoride consumption, and promoting preventive measures at individual and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachindra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Vishal Chhabra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Manmeet Mehra
- Department of Pharmacology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saranya K
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Harish Kumar B
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Smita Shenoy
- Department of Pharmacology, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravindra Shantakumar Swamy
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Medical Sciences (DBMS), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - K Sreedhara Ranganath Pai
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
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Bohn T, Böhm V, Dulińska-Litewka J, Landrier JF, Bánáti D, Kucuk O, Borel P, Canas JA, Rühl R. Is vitamin A an antioxidant? INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:481-482. [PMID: 35291873 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany
| | | | | | - Diána Bánáti
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Druid Hills, Georgia, USA
| | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jose A Canas
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, John's Hopkins All Children's Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary
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Li X, Guo C, Zhang Y, Yu L, Ma F, Wang X, Zhang L, Li P. Contribution of Different Food Types to Vitamin A Intake in the Chinese Diet. Nutrients 2023; 15:4028. [PMID: 37764811 PMCID: PMC10535670 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble micronutrient that is essential for human health. In this study, the daily vitamin A intake of Chinese residents was evaluated by investigating the vitamin A content of various foods. The results show that the dietary intake of vitamin A in common foods was 460.56 ugRAE/day, which is significantly lower than the recommended dietary reference intake of vitamin A (800 ugRAE/day for adult men and 700 ugRAE/day for adult women). Vegetables contributed the most to daily vitamin A dietary intake, accounting for 54.94% of vitamin A intake (253.03 ugRAE/day), followed by eggs, milk, aquatic products, meat, fruit, legumes, coarse cereals, and potatoes. Therefore, an increase in the vitamin A content of vegetables and the fortification of vegetable oils with vitamin A are effective ways to increase vitamin A intake to meet the recommended dietary guidelines in China. The assessment results support the design of fortified foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China (F.M.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China (F.M.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China (F.M.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China (F.M.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China (F.M.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xuefang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China (F.M.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China (F.M.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China (F.M.)
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China
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Akbar A, Duvall S, VanOrmer M, Slotkowski R, Hahka T, Genaro-Mattos T, Korade Z, Hanson C, Anderson Berry A, Thoene M. Plasma Retinol Concentrations and Dietary Intakes of Mother-Infant Sets in Singleton versus Twin Pregnancy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112553. [PMID: 37299515 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is essential for normal fetal development, but the recommendation for maternal dietary intake (Retinol Activity Equivalent, RAE) does not differ for singleton vs. twin pregnancy, despite the limited evaluation of retinol status. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate plasma retinol concentrations and deficiency status in mother-infant sets from singleton vs. twin pregnancies as well as maternal RAE intake. A total of 21 mother-infant sets were included (14 singleton, 7 twin). The HPLC and LC-MS/HS evaluated the plasma retinol concentration, and data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Plasma retinol was significantly lower in twin vs. singleton pregnancies in both maternal (192.2 vs. 312.1 vs. mcg/L, p = 0.002) and umbilical cord (UC) samples (102.5 vs. 154.4 vs. mcg/L, p = 0.002). The prevalence of serum-defined vitamin A deficiency (VAD) <200.6 mcg/L was higher in twins vs. singletons for both maternal (57% vs. 7%, p = 0.031) and UC samples (100% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), despite a similar RAE intake (2178 vs. 1862 mcg/day, p = 0.603). Twin pregnancies demonstrated a higher likelihood of vitamin A deficiency in mothers, with an odds ratio of 17.3 (95% CI: 1.4 to 216.6). This study suggests twin pregnancy may be associated with VAD deficiency. Further research is needed to determine optimal maternal dietary recommendations during twin gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Akbar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sarah Duvall
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Matthew VanOrmer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Rebecca Slotkowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Taija Hahka
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Thiago Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ann Anderson Berry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Melissa Thoene
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Mawson AR. Understanding health disparities affecting people of West Central African descent in the United States: An evolutionary perspective. Evol Appl 2023; 16:963-978. [PMID: 37216026 PMCID: PMC10197229 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Human populations adapting to diverse aspects of their environment such as climate and pathogens leave signatures of genetic variation. This principle may apply to people of West Central African descent in the United States, who are at increased risk of certain chronic conditions and diseases compared to their European counterparts. Less well known is that they are also at reduced risk of other diseases. While discriminatory practices in the United States continue to affect access to and the quality of healthcare, the health disparities affecting African Americans may also be due in part to evolutionary adaptations to the original environment of sub-Saharan Africa, which involved continuous exposure to the vectors of potentially lethal endemic tropical diseases. Evidence is presented that these organisms selectively absorb vitamin A from the host, and its use in parasite reproduction contributes to the signs and symptoms of the respective diseases. These evolutionary adaptations included (1) sequestering vitamin A away from the liver to other organs, to reduce accessibility to the invaders; and (2) reducing the metabolism and catabolism of vitamin A (vA), causing it to accumulate to subtoxic concentrations and weaken the organisms, thereby reducing the risk of severe disease. However, in the environment of North America, lacking vA-absorbing parasites and with a mainly dairy-based diet that is high in vA, this combination of factors is hypothesized to lead to the accumulation of vA and to increased sensitivity to vA as a toxin, which contribute to the health disparities affecting African Americans. vA toxicity is linked to numerous acute and chronic conditions via mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Subject to testing, the hypothesis suggests that the adoption of traditional or modified West Central African-style diets that are low in vA and high in vA-absorbing fiber hold promise for disease prevention and treatment, and as a population-based strategy for health maintenance and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Mawson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health SciencesJackson State UniversityJacksonMississippiUSA
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Van Wayenbergh E, Verheijen J, Langenaeken NA, Foubert I, Courtin CM. A simple method for analysis of vitamin A palmitate in fortified cereal products using direct solvent extraction followed by reversed-phase HPLC with UV detection. Food Chem 2023; 404:134584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dietary Vitamin A Intake and Circulating Vitamin A Concentrations and the Risk of Three Common Cancers in Women: A Meta-Analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7686405. [PMID: 36388168 PMCID: PMC9646312 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7686405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to relevant clinical research, dietary and circulating antioxidants vitamin A are connected with the risk of breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer in women. However, there was inconsistency between the findings. We completed this meta-analysis at the right moment to address this contradiction of the problem. METHODS Web of Science, Embase, and PubMed databases were searched using the proposed search strategy and filtered using the inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the NOS quality score. As of May 2022, low intake or low concentration was used as a control, and odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) and ninety-five percent confidence intervals (95% CI) were extracted for high intake. Stata 12.0 was used to process the data. RESULTS Our meta-analysis included a total of 49 studies, 29 on breast cancer, 10 on ovarian cancer, and 10 on cervical cancer. There were 38 case-control studies included, with 25,363 cases and 42,281 controls; there were 11 cohort studies included, 1,334,176 individuals were followed up, and finally 9496 obtained cancer. The pooled OR value results were as follows: diet or supplements (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.90, I 2 = 56.1%) and serum or plasma (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.86-1.09, I 2 = 29.5%). Subgroup analyses were performed according to cancer type, diet or supplements, serum or plasma, study type, and geographic regions. CONCLUSIONS In North American and Asian populations, high dietary consumption of vitamin A or supplements decreases the incidence of three cancers in women, with breast and ovarian cancers being more significant. However, high circulating vitamin A concentrations were not significantly connected with the risk of the three malignancies.
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Friesen VM, Mbuya MNN, Wieringa FT, Nelson CN, Ojo M, Neufeld LM. Decisions to Start, Strengthen, and Sustain Food Fortification Programs: An Application of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision (EtD) Framework in Nigeria. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac010. [PMID: 35261958 PMCID: PMC8894290 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the potential impact of food fortification to improve the micronutrient status of populations has been demonstrated beyond a doubt, it is constrained in practice by critical gaps in program design and implementation. These are partly linked to suboptimal decision making. Objectives We aimed to demonstrate how the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) Evidence to Decision (EtD) framework for health system and public health decisions can be applied to formulate recommendations and make decisions in national food fortification programming. Methods Following a program impact pathway, we reviewed the literature to define the key decision types and identify the corresponding decision makers necessary for designing and implementing effective food fortification programs. We then applied the GRADE EtD framework to the Nigerian fortification program to illustrate how evidence-informed assessments and conclusions can be made. Results Fortification program decisions were classified into 5 types: 1) program initiation; 2) program design; 3) program delivery; 4) program impact; and 5) program continuation. Policymakers, food processors, and (in cases dependent on or considering external funding) development partners are the main decision makers in a fortification program, whereas technical partners play important roles in translating evidence into contextualized recommendations. The availability and certainty of evidence for fortification programs are often low (e.g., quality and coverage data are not routinely collected and there are challenges evaluating impact in such population-based programs using randomized controlled trials) yet decisions must still be made, underscoring the importance of using available evidence. Furthermore, when making program initiation and continuation decisions, coordination with overlapping micronutrient interventions is needed where they coexist. Conclusions This framework is a practical tool to strengthen decision-making processes in fortification programs. Using evidence in a systematic and transparent way for decision making can improve fortification program design, delivery, and ultimately health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie M Friesen
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Food, Nutrition, Health, UMR QualiSud, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
- UMR QualiSud, University of Montpellier, Avignon University, CIRAD, Institut Agro, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Mduduzi N N Mbuya
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Washington, DC, USA
| | - Frank T Wieringa
- Food, Nutrition, Health, UMR QualiSud, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France
- UMR QualiSud, University of Montpellier, Avignon University, CIRAD, Institut Agro, French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), University of Réunion, Montpellier, France
| | - Chito N Nelson
- Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Social Development, Ministry of Budget and National Planning, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Michael Ojo
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Lynnette M Neufeld
- Knowledge Leadership, Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
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Takemoto G, Seki T, Takegami Y, Osawa Y, Makida K, Ochiai S, Ishizuka S, Suzuki K, Hasegawa Y, Imagama S. The development of knee osteoarthritis and serum carotenoid levels among community-dwelling people in Japan. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 32:205-212. [PMID: 33719826 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2021.1900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Carotenoids are plant pigments found in many vegetables, functioning as antioxidants scavenging singlet molecular oxygen and peroxyl radicals. No longitudinal study exists on the relationship between carotenoids and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) development. We aimed to determine the incidence of KOA development for 10 years in community-dwelling people in Japan and assess its association with serum carotenoids. METHODS Data of 440 participants (174 men, 266 women) with health-screening records for at least 10 years were analysed. We defined KOA development as advancing from K/L grade 0/1 at the initial check-up to grade ≥2 in a unilateral knee during a 10-year follow-up period. Serum carotenoid levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. We used the Cox hazard model for multivariate analysis and investigated each carotenoid's impact on KOA development. RESULTS KOA developed in 33.4% of patients; the annual KOA development rate was significantly higher among women than among men (p < .01; 3.4% vs. 1.6%). Among the carotenoids measured, only retinol was associated with KOA development in women using multivariable analysis. KOA development was not associated with any carotenoids in men. CONCLUSION The annual rate of KOA development was higher in women, and retinol was associated with KOA development in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genta Takemoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Taisuke Seki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Takegami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Osawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Makida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ochiai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinya Ishizuka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Hasegawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kansai University of Welfare Sciences, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Shiro Imagama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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All-Trans Retinoic Acid Increases DRP1 Levels and Promotes Mitochondrial Fission. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051202. [PMID: 34068960 PMCID: PMC8156392 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the heart, mitochondrial homeostasis is critical for sustaining normal function and optimal responses to metabolic and environmental stressors. Mitochondrial fusion and fission are thought to be necessary for maintaining a robust population of mitochondria, and disruptions in mitochondrial fission and/or fusion can lead to cellular dysfunction. The dynamin-related protein (DRP1) is an important mediator of mitochondrial fission. In this study, we investigated the direct effects of the micronutrient retinoid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on the mitochondrial structure in vivo and in vitro using Western blot, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy, as well as mitochondrial network quantification using stochastic modeling. Our results showed that ATRA increases DRP1 protein levels, increases the localization of DRP1 to mitochondria in isolated mitochondrial preparations. Our results also suggested that ATRA remodels the mitochondrial ultrastructure where the mitochondrial area and perimeter were decreased and the circularity was increased. Microscopically, mitochondrial network remodeling is driven by an increased rate of fission over fusion events in ATRA, as suggested by our numerical modeling. In conclusion, ATRA results in a pharmacologically mediated increase in the DRP1 protein. It also results in the modulation of cardiac mitochondria by promoting fission events, altering the mitochondrial network, and modifying the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the heart.
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12
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Tanumihardjo SA. Biological evidence to define a vitamin A deficiency cutoff using total liver vitamin A reserves. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1045-1053. [PMID: 33765844 PMCID: PMC8113730 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221992731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in essential functions including growth, immunity, reproduction, and vision. The vitamin A Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for North Americans suggested that a minimally acceptable total liver vitamin A reserve (TLR) is 0.07 µmol/g, which is not explicitly expressed as a vitamin A deficiency cutoff. The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development panel set the TLR cutoff for vitamin A deficiency at 0.1 µmol/g based on changes in biological response of several physiological parameters at or above this cutoff. The criteria used to formulate the DRIs include clinical ophthalmic signs of vitamin A deficiency, circulating plasma retinol concentrations, excretion of vitamin A metabolites in the bile, and long-term storage of vitamin A as protection against vitamin A deficiency during times of low dietary intake. This review examines the biological responses that occur as TLRs are depleted. In consideration of all of the DRI criteria, the review concludes that induced biliary excretion and long-term vitamin A storage do not occur until TLRs are >0.10 µmol/g. If long-term storage is to continue to be part of the DRI criteria, vitamin A deficiency should be set at a minimum cutoff of 0.10 µmol/g and should be set higher during times of enhanced requirements where TLRs can be rapidly depleted, such as during lactation or in areas with high infection burden. In population-based surveys, cutoffs are important when using biomarkers of micronutrient status to define the prevalence of deficiency and sufficiency to inform public health interventions. Considering the increasing use of quantitative biomarkers of vitamin A status that indirectly assess TLRs, i.e. the modified-relative-dose response and retinol-isotope dilution tests, setting a TLR as a vitamin A deficiency cutoff is important for users of these techniques to estimate vitamin A deficiency prevalence. Future researchers and policymakers may suggest that DRIs should be set with regard to optimal health and not merely to prevent a micronutrient deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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13
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Pickens CM, Flores-Ayala R, Ford ND, Whitehead RD, Tanumihardjo SA, Ngalombi S, Halati S, Mapango C, Sheftel J, Jefferds MED. Relation between Timing of High-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation and Modified-Relative-Dose-Response Values in Children 12-23 Months in Uganda. J Nutr 2021; 151:1025-1028. [PMID: 33561264 PMCID: PMC9710711 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose vitamin A (VA) supplements (VAS) can temporarily affect VA status. Hence, micronutrient surveys might need to be timed around VAS campaigns to accurately estimate VA deficiency (VAD) prevalence. Little is known about optimal timing of micronutrient surveys when the modified-relative-dose-response (MRDR) is used as a VA indicator. OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between days since the end of a VAS campaign and MRDR values in children aged 12-23 mo in Uganda. METHODS We pooled data from 2 cross-sectional, population-based surveys in eastern Uganda conducted in 2015-2016 (n = 118 children). We estimated the prevalence of VAD (MRDR ≥0.060). Days since the end of a VAS campaign ("days since VAS") was calculated as the interview date minus the end date of the VAS campaign. The MRDR value was assessed using HPLC. We excluded children whose MRDR values were below the limit of detection (<0.007). We used linear regression to evaluate the association between days since VAS and log-transformed MRDR. In adjusted analyses, we controlled for potential confounders. Statistical analyses accounted for the surveys' complex design. RESULTS The prevalence of VAD was 5.2% (95% CI: 1.1%, 9.3%). Mean days since VAS was 54.1 d (range 39-68 d). Days since VAS was not associated with log-transformed MRDR in unadjusted analyses ($\hat{\beta } = \ $0.0055; 95% CI: -0.009, 0.020; P = 0.45) or adjusted analyses ($\hat{\beta } = $ -0.0073; 95% CI: -0.024, 0.010; P = 0.39). CONCLUSIONS MRDR measurement through a nutrition survey began as early as 1.3 mo after the end of a VAS campaign in eastern Uganda. Days since the end of a VAS campaign was not associated with MRDR in Ugandan children aged 12-23 mo. Future studies should consider longitudinal designs and evaluate time since VAS and MRDR in children of different ages and in regions with higher VAD prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M Pickens
- Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Program, Center For Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA;,Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rafael Flores-Ayala
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nicole D Ford
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA;,McKing Consulting Corp., Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Ralph D Whitehead
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Ngalombi
- Community Health Department, Uganda Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Siti Halati
- Nutrition Division, World Food Programme, Rome, Italy
| | - Carine Mapango
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health (NCEH), CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jesse Sheftel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Maria Elena D Jefferds
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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Yokota S, Sekine N, Wakayama T, Oshio S. Impact of chronic vitamin A excess on sperm morphogenesis in mice. Andrology 2021; 9:1579-1592. [PMID: 33818007 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing availability of fortified foods and supplements has caused an overconsumption of vitamin A (VA), above the recommended level. To date, the effects of chronic VA excess (VAE) on spermatogenesis remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the long-term excessive intake of VA effects on spermatogenesis in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dams were initially fed a control diet (4 IU/g) or a VAE diet (250 IU/g), 4 weeks prior to mating and during pregnancy. Dams and their male pups continued this diet regimen until the offspring reached 12 weeks of age. At 12 weeks of age, epididymis caudal spermatozoa and testes were collected. For histological analysis, sections were stained with periodic acid-Schiff-hematoxylin, and quantitative PCR was used to detect changes in gene expression in the testes of the VAE mice. Sperm motility and morphology were evaluated to detect the endpoint of VAE toxicity. RESULTS Body weights were not significantly different between the control and VAE groups. Testicular cross-sections from the control and VAE mice contained a normal array of germ cells, and the daily sperm production was similar between the two groups. However, the percentage of seminiferous tubules in stages VII and VIII was significantly lower in the VAE mice than in the control. In addition, significant changes in the expression of genes involved in retinoid metabolism, spermatogenesis, and spermiogenesis were detected in the testes of the VAE mice. Consistently, sperm motility and head morphology were significantly impaired in the VAE mice. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that long-term dietary intake of VAE was able to influence both pre- and post-meiotic spermatogenesis. As a result of testicular toxicity, we demonstrated, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time that long-term VAE caused sperm-head abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yokota
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan.,Department of Hygiene Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Nao Sekine
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Oshio
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki, Japan
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15
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Olson R, Gavin-Smith B, Ferraboschi C, Kraemer K. Food Fortification: The Advantages, Disadvantages and Lessons from Sight and Life Programs. Nutrients 2021; 13:1118. [PMID: 33805305 PMCID: PMC8066912 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in one or more micronutrients such as iron, zinc, and vitamin A are widespread in low- and middle-income countries and compromise the physical and cognitive capacity of millions of people. Food fortification is a cost-effective strategy with demonstrated health, economic and social benefits. Despite ongoing debates globally and in some countries regarding the performance and safety of food fortification, the practice offers significant benefits across each of the main vehicles for food fortification (large-scale food fortification, biofortification and point-of-use or home fortification) ranging from reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies and economic benefits to societies and economies. Using Sight and Life's global and national experiences in implementing food fortification efforts, we demonstrate how different programs in LMICs have successfully addressed challenges with food fortification and in doing so, find that these efforts are most successful when partnerships are formed that include the public and private sector as well as other parties that can provide support in key areas such as advocacy, management, capacity building, implementation and regulatory monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Olson
- Sight and Life, P.O. Box 2116, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (B.G.-S.); (C.F.); (K.K.)
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16
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Leong C, Gibson RS, Diana A, Haszard JJ, Rahmannia S, Ansari MB, Inayah LS, Purnamasari AD, Houghton LA. Differences in Micronutrient Intakes of Exclusive and Partially Breastfed Indonesian Infants from Resource-Poor Households are Not Accompanied by Differences in Micronutrient Status, Morbidity, or Growth. J Nutr 2021; 151:705-715. [PMID: 33438018 PMCID: PMC7948196 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When maternal micronutrient intakes and statuses are compromised, reductions in micronutrient concentrations in neonatal stores and human milk may result in suboptimal micronutrient intakes, statuses, and functional outcomes of breastfed infants during the critical first 6-month period. OBJECTIVES We compared the adequacy of micronutrient intakes and statuses at 2 and/or 5 months and morbidity and growth faltering at 2, 5, and 12 months in a cohort of exclusively breastfed (EBF) and partially breastfed (PBF) infants from low-resource Indonesian households. METHODS At 2 and 5 months, the breastfeeding status and human milk intake of 212 infants were determined using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique, and intakes were calculated from milk micronutrient concentrations and 3-d weighed food intakes. At 5 months, five infant micronutrient biomarkers, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, and α-1-acid-glycoprotein were measured. Infant morbidity, weight, and length were measured at 2, 5, and 12 months. Means, medians, or proportions were reported for each group and differences between groups were statistically determined. RESULTS Median intakes of iron, thiamin, niacin, and vitamin B-12 were higher in PBF than EBF infants at 5 months (all P values < 0.05), but intakes in all infants were below adequate intakes. At 5 months, anemia was <20% in both groups, although fewer PBF versus EBF infants had vitamin B-12 deficiency (11.5% vs. 28.6%, respectively; P = 0.011). The mean ± SD length-for-age z-scores for EBF versus PBF infants at 2 months were 0.7 ± 0.9 versus -0.5 ± 1.1, respectively (P = 0.158), declining to -1.4 ± 0.9 versus -1.1 ± 1.2, respectively, at 12 months (P = 0.059). Reported morbidity rates were generally low, with no evidence of a difference between infant groups (all P values > 0.126). CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of exclusive or partial breastfeeding status, micronutrient intakes of infants were low, statuses were compromised, and growth faltering during the critical 6 months period of early infancy was present. The findings highlight the importance of improving maternal nutritional statuses and evaluating their impacts on infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Leong
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rosalind S Gibson
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Aly Diana
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand,Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jillian J Haszard
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sofa Rahmannia
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia,Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung, Indonesia
| | | | - Lina Sofiatul Inayah
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Afini Dwi Purnamasari
- Nutrition Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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17
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Vasconcelos QDJS, Bachur TPR, Aragão GF. Whey protein supplementation and its potentially adverse effects on health: a systematic review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 46:27-33. [PMID: 32702243 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Whey protein comprises soluble whey proteins and its benefits are well described in the literature. However, there are not many studies investigating the potential adverse effect of a diet with indiscriminate use of this supplement. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of papers that addressed this theme. A search was conducted in Medline, LILACS, TOXNET, Web of science, and Scopus electronic databases. In the end, 11 documents comprised this review. The majority of the papers associated the damaging effect with the chronic and abusive use of whey protein, with the kidneys and liver being the main organs affected. The other studies related whey protein to aggravation of aggression, presence of acne, and modification of the microbiota. Therefore, excessive consumption over a long period of protein supplementation may have some adverse effects on the body, which is aggravated when associated with sedentary lifestyle. PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42020140466. Novelty: A systematic review of experimental and randomized studies about the use of whey proteins supplements and its impact on physical health. Analysis revealed that chronic and without professional guidance use of whey protein supplementation may cause some adverse effects specially on kidney and liver function. Presented data support a need for future studies co-relating the use of different types of whey protein with and without exercise to better see the impact on human physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gislei Frota Aragão
- Faculty of Medicine, Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceará 60430-275, Brazil.,Health Science Center, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará 60714-903, Brazil
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18
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Lorenzo M, Nadeau M, Harrington J, Gill PJ. Refractory hypercalcemia owing to vitamin A toxicity in a 4-year-old boy. CMAJ 2020; 192:E671-E675. [PMID: 32571883 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.191568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lorenzo
- Divisions of Paediatric Medicine (Lorenzo, Gill) and Endocrinology (Harrington), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Nadeau), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Maxime Nadeau
- Divisions of Paediatric Medicine (Lorenzo, Gill) and Endocrinology (Harrington), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Nadeau), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Jennifer Harrington
- Divisions of Paediatric Medicine (Lorenzo, Gill) and Endocrinology (Harrington), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Nadeau), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont
| | - Peter J Gill
- Divisions of Paediatric Medicine (Lorenzo, Gill) and Endocrinology (Harrington), Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (Nadeau), Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont.
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19
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Buzigi E, Pillay K, Siwela M. Caregiver Perceptions and Acceptability of a Provitamin A Carotenoid, Iron and Zinc Rich Complementary Food Blend Prepared from Common Bean and Pumpkin in Rural Uganda. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040906. [PMID: 32224909 PMCID: PMC7231120 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ugandan children are vulnerable to vitamin A deficiency (VAD), iron deficiency (ID) and zinc deficiency (ZnD) because they are fed on complementary foods (CFs) low in vitamin A, iron and zinc. This study developed a novel provitamin A carotenoid (PVAC), iron and zinc rich common bean pumpkin blend (BPB) complementary food (CF) from locally available pumpkin and common bean in Uganda and aimed to determine its acceptance, compared to a control pumpkin blend (PB). Seventy caregivers participated in the study. The sensory attributes (taste, colour, aroma, texture and general acceptability) of BPB and PB were rated using a five-point facial hedonic scale (1 = very bad, 2 = bad, 3 = neutral, 4 = good, 5 = very good). Focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted to assess the perceptions of caregivers about the BPB. The chi square test was used to detect the proportion difference for each sensory attribute between BPB and PB, whilst FGD data were analysed by thematic analysis. A proportion of 64% to 96% of the caregivers rated both BPB and PB as acceptable (good to very good) for all the sensory attributes. There was no significant difference in caregiver acceptability for all attributes between BPB and PB (p > 0.05). Caregivers had positive perceptions about the taste, texture, aroma and colour of the BPB. Caregivers were keen to know the specific varieties of common bean and pumpkin used to formulate the PVAC, iron and zinc rich BPB. In conclusion, BPB was acceptable to caregivers, and they were interested to know how to prepare and use it as a CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Buzigi
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (K.P.); (M.S.)
- Health Economics and HIV/AIDS Research Division (HEARD), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, J Block 4th Floor, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Department of Human Nutrition & Home Economics, Kyambogo University, Kyambogo P.O. Box 1, Uganda
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +25-6772-8674-37
| | - Kirthee Pillay
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (K.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Muthulisi Siwela
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, Pietermaritzburg 3201, South Africa; (K.P.); (M.S.)
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20
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Menon S, Peñalvo JL. Actions Targeting the Double Burden of Malnutrition: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010081. [PMID: 31892187 PMCID: PMC7019596 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In many developing countries, nutritional and epidemiological transitions are contributing to continuous undernutrition and escalating overnutrition, resulting in coexisting forms of malnutrition often referred as the “double burden of malnutrition” (DBM). This complex phenomenon constitutes an unprecedented challenge to global public health and has been prioritized by international health organizations, prompting governments to swift action. Specifically, five years ago the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a roadmap to tackle the DBM though so-called “double-duty actions”. The objective of this review was to synthesize the literature on interventions which address the DBM. Methods: We developed a scoping review to identify interventions addressing the DBM. We searched PUBMED for papers reporting interventions until December 2019. Articles examining interventions, government policies, or tools at the individual, household, or community level to address the DBM were included. Results: Seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Three were from sub-Saharan Africa, one was from Southeast Asia, and one was from Central America. Two were modelling studies, with one covering 24 low-income countries and the other focusing on Ghana. Conclusion: Notwithstanding the pressing issue of the DBM, there is a paucity of studies examining double-duty actions despite the attention that it has garnered within the global nutrition community. Whilst nutrient deficiencies may be curbed by poverty reduction measures, for obesity prevention nutrition, education and promotion of physical activity, along with the encouragement of local food production, may be instrumental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Menon
- Unit of Noncommunicable Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
| | - José L. Peñalvo
- Unit of Noncommunicable Diseases, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)-3247-6251
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21
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Jan Y, Malik M, Yaseen M, Ahmad S, Imran M, Rasool S, Haq A. Vitamin D fortification of foods in India: present and past scenario. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 193:105417. [PMID: 31247324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
India is a densely populated country known for its traditional, cultural and lingual diversity. In India Deficiency of vitamin D is seen in both the genders and among all the age groups. Micronutrient deficiencies are steadily adding to the increasing burden of health related co-morbidities with low dietary calcium and magnesium intake in Indian population. Despite lots of sunshine, vitamin D insufficiency is widespread in India according to the age and regions (50-90%). In order to increase vitamin D intake with normal diet, the food industry will have to find a more effective strategy to improve general health conditions. The breadth of widely used foods, including milk, cheese, margarine, dairy products, and various breakfast drinks, can improve the condition of vitamin D deficiency in Asian countries such as India. The requirements for calculating the necessary micronutrients and vitamin D fortification of foods and drinks, successful strategies should be developed and emphasized. There is need to improve the effectiveness of various fruit drinks through fortification of vitamin D, which can reduce vitamin D deficiency in the general population as well as in different age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeena Jan
- Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Muneeb Malik
- Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mifftha Yaseen
- Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhail Rasool
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr. La Jolla CA, 92093, USA
| | - Afrozul Haq
- Department of Food Technology, School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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22
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Atalhi N, El Hamdouchi A, Barkat A, Elkari K, Hamrani A, El Mzibri M, Haskell MJ, Mokhtar N, Aguenaou H. Combined consumption of a single high-dose vitamin A supplement with provision of vitamin A fortified oil to households maintains adequate milk retinol concentrations for 6 months in lactating Moroccan women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:275-282. [PMID: 31365834 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Morocco, postpartum women systematically receive a single, high dose of vitamin A (VA; 200 000 IU) within the first month of giving birth and vegetable oil is fortified to increase the VA intake. The efficacy of this combined approach of supplementation and fortification for increasing maternal VA status during lactation is not known. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of postpartum high dose VA supplementation and provision of VA fortified oil for household consumption on plasma and milk retinol concentrations of lactating Moroccan women during the first 6 months after giving birth. Postpartum women aged 19-40 years received a VA supplement and thereafter were randomly assigned to one of two groups to receive weekly vitamin A fortified oil (FO) or non-fortified oil (NFO) for 6 months. Serum retinol concentration was higher in the FO group than in the NFO group at 6 months after giving birth (p < 0.0001). Milk retinol per gram fat at baseline did not differ by group; by 3 months after giving birth, milk retinol per gram fat was higher in the FO group than in the NFO group (p = 0.02) and remained higher throughout the 6 months (p < 0.0001). The combination of supplementation and fortification has a more sustained impact on milk retinol concentrations than supplementation alone, which did not have a sustained impact on milk VA concentrations. The fortification approach seems to be more effective for maintaining adequate milk VA concentrations among lactating Moroccan women. Fortification seems to be a long-term solution for the problem of VA deficiency, especially among women in low-income communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Atalhi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, CNESTEN, Université Ibn Tofaïl, Rabat, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, CNESTEN, Université Ibn Tofaïl, Rabat, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Amina Barkat
- Health and Nutrition Research Team of the Mother Child Couple, Faculty of Medicine, Université Mohammed V, Souissi, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Elkari
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, CNESTEN, Université Ibn Tofaïl, Rabat, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Abdeslam Hamrani
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, CNESTEN, Université Ibn Tofaïl, Rabat, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, CNESTEN, Université Ibn Tofaïl, Rabat, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Marjorie J Haskell
- Program in International and Community Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Najat Mokhtar
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, CNESTEN, Université Ibn Tofaïl, Rabat, Kénitra, Morocco
| | - Hassan Aguenaou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, CNESTEN, Université Ibn Tofaïl, Rabat, Kénitra, Morocco
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23
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van Stuijvenberg ME, Dhansay MA, Nel J, Suri D, Grahn M, Davis CR, Tanumihardjo SA. South African preschool children habitually consuming sheep liver and exposed to vitamin A supplementation and fortification have hypervitaminotic A liver stores: a cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:91-101. [PMID: 31089689 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In some regions, multiple vitamin A (VA) interventions occur in the same target groups, which may lead to excessive stores. Retinol isotope dilution (RID) is a more sensitive technique than serum retinol to measure VA status. OBJECTIVE We evaluated VA status before and after a high-dose supplement in preschool children living in a region in South Africa with habitual liver consumption and exposed to VA supplementation and fortification. METHODS After baseline blood samples, subjects (46.7 ± 8.4 mo; n = 94) were administered 1.0 μmol [14,15]-13C2-retinyl acetate to estimate total liver retinol reserves by RID with a follow-up 14-d blood sample. Liver intake was assessed with a frequency questionnaire. In line with current practice, a routine 200,000 IU VA capsule was administered after the RID test. RID was repeated 1 mo later. Serum retinyl esters were evaluated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS At baseline, 63.6% of these children had hypervitaminosis A defined as total liver retinol reserves ≥1.0 μmol/g liver, which increased to 71.6% after supplementation (1.13 ± 0.43 to 1.29 ± 0.46 μmol/g; P < 0.001). Total serum VA as retinyl esters was elevated in 4.8% and 6.1% of children before and after supplementation. The odds of having hypervitaminosis A at baseline were higher in children consuming liver ≥1/mo (ratio 3.70 [95% CI: 1.08, 12.6]) and in children receiving 2 (4.28 [1.03, 17.9]) or 3 (6.45 [0.64, 65.41]) supplements in the past 12 mo. Total body stores decreased after the supplement in children in the highest quartile at baseline compared with children with lower stores, who showed an increase (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS In children, such as this cohort in South Africa, with adequate VA intake through diet, and overlapping VA fortification and supplementation, preschool VA capsule distribution should be re-evaluated. This trial was registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02915731 as NCT02915731.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E van Stuijvenberg
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council.,Division of Human Nutrition, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muhammad A Dhansay
- Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council.,Division of Human Nutrition, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jana Nel
- Integrated Nutrition Programme, Northern Cape Department of Health, Kimberley, South Africa
| | - Devika Suri
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Michael Grahn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christopher R Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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24
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Kim SB, Fujii R, Nishihara R, Bose RJC, Citterio D, Suzuki K, Massoud TF, Paulmurugan R. Molecular Imaging of Retinoic Acids in Live Cells Using Single-Chain Bioluminescence Probes. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2019; 21:473-481. [PMID: 31034200 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.9b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a key metabolite necessary for embryonic development and differentiation in vertebrates. We demonstrate the utility of genetically encoded, ligand-activatable single-chain bioluminescence probes for detecting RAs from different biological sources. We examined 13 different molecular designs to identify an efficient single-chain probe that can quantify RA with significant sensitivity. The optimal probe consisted of four components: the N- and C-terminal fragments of artificial luciferase variant-16 (ALuc16), the ligand binding domain of retinoic acid receptor α (RARα LBD), and an LXXLL interaction motif. This probe showed a 5.2-fold greater bioluminescence intensity in response to RA when compared to the vehicle control in live mammalian cells. The probe was highly selective to all-trans-RA (at-RA), and highly sensitive in determining at-RA levels in cells derived from tumor xenografts created using MDA-MB-231 cells engineered to stably express the probe. We also detected RA levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Using this probe, the detection limit for at-RA was ∼10-9.5 M, with a linear range of two orders. We present a highly useful technique to quantitatively image endogenous at-RA levels in live mammalian cells expressing novel single-chain bioluminescence probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bae Kim
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Rika Fujii
- Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Rajendran JC Bose
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Bio-X Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304, United States
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25
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Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency is an endemic nutrition problem throughout much of the developing world, especially affecting the health and survival of infants, young children, and pregnant and lactating women. These age and life-stage groups represent periods when both nutrition stress is high and diet likely to be chronically deficient in vitamin A. Approximately 127 million preschool-aged children and 7 million pregnant women are vitamin A deficient. Health consequences of vitamin A deficiency include mild to severe systemic effects on innate and acquired mechanisms of host resistance to infection and growth, increased burden of infectious morbidity, mild to severe (blinding) stages of xerophthalmia, and increased risk of mortality. These consequences are defined as vitamin A deficiency disorders (VADD). Globally, 4.4 million preschool children have xerophthalmia and 6 million mothers suffer night blindness during pregnancy. Both conditions are associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. While reductions of child mortality of 19–54% following vitamin A treatment have been widely reported, more recent work suggests that dosing newborns with vitamin A may, in some settings, lower infant mortality. Among women, one large trial has so far reported a ≥ 40% reduction in mortality related to pregnancy with weekly, low-dose vitamin A supplementation. Epidemiologic data on vitamin A deficiency disorders can be useful in planning, designing, and targeting interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith P. West
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, MD, USA
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26
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Ferguson EL, Watson L, Berger J, Chea M, Chittchang U, Fahmida U, Khov K, Kounnavong S, Le BM, Rojroongwasinkul N, Santika O, Sok S, Sok D, Do TT, Thi LT, Vonglokham M, Wieringa F, Wasantwisut E, Winichagoon P. Realistic Food-Based Approaches Alone May Not Ensure Dietary Adequacy for Women and Young Children in South-East Asia. Matern Child Health J 2018; 23:55-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-018-2638-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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27
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Wang M, Chen H, Du S, Guo X, Zhao J, Sun C, Li Y. Nutrition assessment of vitamin A and vitamin D in northeast Chinese population based-on SPE/UPLC/PDA. BMC Nutr 2018; 4:12. [PMID: 32153876 PMCID: PMC7050760 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-018-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims of the current study were to assess the nutritional status of 25OHD3 and retinol in a northern Chinese population using our established reliable method for the simultaneous determination of serum 25OHD3 and retinol. Method We established a reliable method for the simultaneous determination of 25OHD3 and retinol using SPE and UPLC/PDA; measured the serum levels of 25OHD3 and retinol in elementary school students, middle school students, and adults (n = 1181) in northern China; and assessed their nutritional status. Results Our method had good precision, detection limit, and linear quantitative range and could process 100 samples within 12 h. The average levels of 25OHD3 and retinol were 16.1 ± 6.7 ng/ml and 328.1 ± 117.1 ng/ml, respectively, in all samples. VD deficiency was common, with a prevalence > 60% in all three age groups, and the high prevalence of VA deficiency (26.1%) was observed only in the elementary school students. Conclusions Vitamin A supplementation should be considered for elementary school students, and vitamin D supplementation is highly recommended for all age groups in Harbin. Our method could be widely adopted in population-based studies and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoqing Wang
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081 People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Du
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Guo
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Zhao
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081 People's Republic of China
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081 People's Republic of China
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28
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Khosravi-Largani M, Pourvali-Talatappeh P, Rousta AM, Karimi-Kivi M, Noroozi E, Mahjoob A, Asaadi Y, Shahmohammadi A, Sadeghi S, Shakeri S, Ghiyasvand K, Tavakoli-Yaraki M. A review on potential roles of vitamins in incidence, progression, and improvement of multiple sclerosis. eNeurologicalSci 2018; 10:37-44. [PMID: 29736427 PMCID: PMC5934114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative disease, with unknown etiology. Vitamins, as important micronutrients playing different roles in body, seem to be important in MS pathogenesis. In vitro, in vivo and human studies, supports the protective role of some vitamins in MS occurrence or progression. Current study reviews recent insights and reports about the importance of vitamins in MS incidence or progression. In accordance, the importance of all water and fat-soluble vitamins in MS pathogenesis based on observational studies in human population and their role in the function of immune system as well as possible therapeutic opportunities are discussed in depth throughout this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Elahe Noroozi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mahjoob
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Asaadi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sarina Sadeghi
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Shakeri
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kimiya Ghiyasvand
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Tavakoli-Yaraki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Pennati R, Manenti R, Stillitano A, Ficetola GF, Scarì G, Mercurio S, Menegola E. Teratogenic potential of nanoencapsulated vitamin A evaluated on an alternative model organism, the tunicate Ciona intestinalis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2018; 69:805-813. [PMID: 29336191 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2017.1418843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Nano-encapsulation is a technology used to pack substances in order to enhance their stability and bioavailability, but this packing may interact with living systems, causing unexpected toxicity. Vitamin A (vit A) is a substance that has received attention, because in developed countries, the increasing availability of supplements is leading to its excessive intake. This study aims to compare teratogenic effects caused by exposure to the traditional formulation of vit A versus nano-encapsulated vit A. We used ascidian embryos as an alternative model. Ascidians are marine organisms closely related to vertebrates that share with them a body plan and developmental programme, including the morphogenetic role of retinoic acid (RA). Our data showed that the adverse effects of exposure to the same concentration of the two formulations were different, suggesting that the nano-encapsulation increased the bioavailability of the molecule, which could be better absorbed and metabolised to RA, the effective teratogenic substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Pennati
- a Department of Environmental Science and Policy , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Raoul Manenti
- a Department of Environmental Science and Policy , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Antonella Stillitano
- a Department of Environmental Science and Policy , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Scarì
- b Department of Biosciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Silvia Mercurio
- a Department of Environmental Science and Policy , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Elena Menegola
- a Department of Environmental Science and Policy , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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30
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Song P, Wang J, Wei W, Chang X, Wang M, An L. The Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency in Chinese Children: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121285. [PMID: 29186832 PMCID: PMC5748736 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness, has been recognized as an important public health problem in many developing countries. In this study, we conducted a systematic review to identify all population-based studies of VAD and marginal VAD (MVAD) in Chinese children published from 1990 onwards. Hierarchical Bayesian meta-regressions were performed to examine the effects of age, sex, setting and year on the prevalence of VAD and MVAD, separately. The estimated prevalence was applied to the Chinese pediatric population in the year 2015 to generate prevalence estimates of VAD and MVAD for defined age groups, with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). Fifty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of VAD and MVAD both decreased with increasing age, and rural children had a higher prevalence of VAD and MVAD than urban children. In 2015, the prevalence of VAD was 5.16% (95% CrI: 1.95-12.64) and that of MVAD was 24.29% (95% CrI: 12.69-41.27) in Chinese children aged 12 years and under. VAD remains a public health problem in China. Efforts to reduce VAD in younger children are needed, especially for those in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peige Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Institute of Medical Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Foundational Education, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xinlei Chang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Manli Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lin An
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, MD
| | - Mario G Ferruzzi
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC
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32
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Engle-Stone R, Perkins A, Clermont A, Walker N, Haskell MJ, Vosti SA, Brown KH. Estimating Lives Saved by Achieving Dietary Micronutrient Adequacy, with a Focus on Vitamin A Intervention Programs in Cameroon. J Nutr 2017; 147:2194S-2203S. [PMID: 28904117 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.242271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously compared the potential effects of different intervention strategies for achieving dietary vitamin A (VA) adequacy. The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) permits estimates of lives saved through VA interventions but currently only considers periodic VA supplements (VASs).Objective: We aimed to adapt the LiST method for estimating the mortality impact of VASs to estimate the impact of other VA interventions (e.g., food fortification) on child mortality and to estimate the number of lives saved by VA interventions in 3 macroregions in Cameroon.Methods: We used national dietary intake data to predict the effects of VA intervention programs on the adequacy of VA intake. LiST parameters of population affected fraction and intervention coverage were replaced with estimates of prevalence of inadequate intake and effective coverage (proportion achieving adequate VA intake). We used a model of liver VA stores to derive an estimate of the mortality reduction from achieving dietary VA adequacy; this estimate and a conservative assumption of equivalent mortality reduction for VAS and VA intake were applied to projections for Cameroon.Results: There were 2217-3048 total estimated VA-preventable deaths in year 1, with 58% occurring in the North macroregion. The relation between effective coverage and lives saved differed by year and macroregion due to differences in total deaths, diarrhea burden, and prevalence of low VA intake. Estimates of lives saved by VASs (the intervention common to both methods) were similar with the use of the adapted method (in 2012: North, 743-1021; South, 280-385; Yaoundé and Douala, 146-202) and the "usual" LiST method (North: 697; South: 381; Yaoundé and Douala: 147).Conclusions: Linking effective coverage estimates with an adapted LiST method permits estimation of the effects of combinations of VA programs (beyond VASs only) on child mortality to aid program planning and management. Rigorous program monitoring and evaluation are necessary to confirm predicted impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Perkins
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Adrienne Clermont
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Neff Walker
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; and
| | | | - Stephen A Vosti
- Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kenneth H Brown
- Departments of Nutrition and.,Nutrition and Global Development, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA
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33
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Brossaud J, Pallet V, Corcuff JB. Vitamin A, endocrine tissues and hormones: interplay and interactions. Endocr Connect 2017; 6:R121-R130. [PMID: 28720593 PMCID: PMC5551430 DOI: 10.1530/ec-17-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A (retinol) is a micronutrient critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. In adults, vitamin A and metabolites such as retinoic acid (RA) play major roles in vision, immune and brain functions, and tissue remodelling and metabolism. This review presents the physiological interactions of retinoids and endocrine tissues and hormonal systems. Two endocrine systems have been particularly studied. In the pituitary, retinoids targets the corticotrophs with a possible therapeutic use in corticotropinomas. In the thyroid, retinoids interfere with iodine metabolism and vitamin A deficiency aggravates thyroid dysfunction caused by iodine-deficient diets. Retinoids use in thyroid cancer appears less promising than expected. Recent and still controversial studies investigated the relations between retinoids and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, retinoids contribute to pancreatic development and modify fat and glucose metabolism. However, more detailed studies are needed before planning any therapeutic use. Finally, retinoids probably play more minor roles in adrenal and gonads development and function apart from their major effects on spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Brossaud
- J Brossaud, Nuclear Medicine, University hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - Veronique Pallet
- V Pallet, NutriNeurO-INRA 1286 - Université Bdx 2, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076 BORDEAUX , France
| | - Jean-Benoit Corcuff
- J Corcuff, Nuclear Medicine, University hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, 33604, France
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34
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Gannon BM, Davis CR, Nair N, Grahn M, Tanumihardjo SA. Single High-Dose Vitamin A Supplementation to Neonatal Piglets Results in a Transient Dose Response in Extrahepatic Organs and Sustained Increases in Liver Stores. J Nutr 2017; 147:798-806. [PMID: 28381532 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.247577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Neonatal vitamin A (VA) supplementation is being evaluated as a public health policy for preventing infant mortality, but inconsistencies in mortality trials demand mechanistic work to determine biological plausibility.Objectives: We investigated the absorption, distribution, and storage of single large oral VA doses administered shortly after birth.Methods: Fifty pregnant sows (Sus scrofas domesticas) were fed a VA-free diet. Male and female newborn piglets (n = 313) were orally administered 0, 25,000, 50,000, or 200,000 IU VA in oil within 12 h of birth when mean ± SD weight was 1.56 ± 0.25 kg. Blood was drawn to determine absorption and storage 0.5-240 h after administration. Metabolic and postnatal dose-timing substudies were performed. Liver, lung, kidney, spleen, and adrenal VA concentrations were determined 7-240 h after administration.Results: Serum retinol and retinyl ester concentrations responded to treatment (P < 0.0001); however, differences between groups disappeared by 96 h. Liver VA concentrations responded to treatment (P < 0.0001), which persisted for 240 h. Liver VA for control piglets at 10 d (mean ± SD: 0.05 ± 0.02 μmol/g) was ≤0.1 μmol/g (deficiency), whereas groups that received VA maintained concentrations >0.1 μmol/g. Extrahepatic tissue VA concentrations displayed treatment effects (P ≤ 0.0077); groups that received treatments had higher VA concentrations than controls at early time points. Lung, kidney, and spleen VA did not differ between groups by 96 h, whereas adrenal glands did not differ by 240 h. Body weight was affected by treatment (P = 0.0002); VA-deficient piglets weighed 23-29% more than all treated groups 240 h after administration.Conclusions: A high dose of VA administered to newborn piglets was well absorbed, appeared in serum primarily as retinyl esters, and was taken up dose-dependently in all tissues studied; however, enhancement did not persist in sera, lungs, kidneys, spleens, or adrenal glands. Short-term impacts of retinoid signaling on weight gain remain to be elucidated, and longer follow-up studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan M Gannon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christopher R Davis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Nivedita Nair
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Michael Grahn
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Habeych E, van Kogelenberg V, Sagalowicz L, Michel M, Galaffu N. Strategies to limit colour changes when fortifying food products with iron. Food Res Int 2016; 88:122-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Sánchez-Hernández D, Anderson GH, Poon AN, Pannia E, Cho CE, Huot PS, Kubant R. Maternal fat-soluble vitamins, brain development, and regulation of feeding behavior: an overview of research. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1045-1054. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Bruins MJ, Kupka R, Zimmermann MB, Lietz G, Engle-Stone R, Kraemer K. Maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks of intervention programs to address micronutrient malnutrition: symposium report. MATERNAL & CHILD NUTRITION 2016; 12:940-8. [PMID: 27501994 PMCID: PMC5095875 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interventions to address micronutrient deficiencies have large potential to reduce the related disease and economic burden. However, the potential risks of excessive micronutrient intakes are often not well determined. During the Global Summit on Food Fortification, 9-11 September 2015, in Arusha, a symposium was organized on micronutrient risk-benefit assessments. Using case studies on folic acid, iodine and vitamin A, the presenters discussed how to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of intervention programs to address micronutrient malnutrition. Pre-implementation assessment of dietary intake, and/or biomarkers of micronutrient exposure, status and morbidity/mortality is critical in identifying the population segments at risk of inadequate and excessive intake. Dietary intake models allow to predict the effect of micronutrient interventions and their combinations, e.g. fortified food and supplements, on the proportion of the population with intakes below adequate and above safe thresholds. Continuous monitoring of micronutrient intake and biomarkers is critical to identify whether the target population is actually reached, whether subgroups receive excessive amounts, and inform program adjustments. However, the relation between regular high intake and adverse health consequences is neither well understood for many micronutrients, nor do biomarkers exist that can detect them. More accurate and reliable biomarkers predictive of micronutrient exposure, status and function are needed to ensure effective and safe intake ranges for vulnerable population groups such as young children and pregnant women. Modelling tools that integrate information on program coverage, dietary intake distribution and biomarkers will further enable program makers to design effective, efficient and safe programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Klaus Kraemer
- Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sight and Life, Basel, Switzerland
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Tanumihardjo SA, Russell RM, Stephensen CB, Gannon BM, Craft NE, Haskell MJ, Lietz G, Schulze K, Raiten DJ. Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND)-Vitamin A Review. J Nutr 2016; 146:1816S-48S. [PMID: 27511929 PMCID: PMC4997277 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.229708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-informed advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. The BOND program provides information with regard to selection, use, and interpretation of biomarkers of nutrient exposure, status, function, and effect, which will be especially useful for readers who want to assess nutrient status. To accomplish this objective, expert panels are recruited to evaluate the literature and to draft comprehensive reports on the current state of the art with regard to specific nutrient biology and available biomarkers for assessing nutritional status at the individual and population levels. Phase I of the BOND project includes the evaluation of biomarkers for 6 nutrients: iodine, folate, zinc, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin B-12. This review of vitamin A is the current article in this series. Although the vitamin was discovered >100 y ago, vitamin A status assessment is not trivial. Serum retinol concentrations are under homeostatic control due in part to vitamin A's use in the body for growth and cellular differentiation and because of its toxic properties at high concentrations. Furthermore, serum retinol concentrations are depressed during infection and inflammation because retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a negative acute-phase reactant, which makes status assessment challenging. Thus, this review describes the clinical and functional indicators related to eye health and biochemical biomarkers of vitamin A status (i.e., serum retinol, RBP, breast-milk retinol, dose-response tests, isotope dilution methodology, and serum retinyl esters). These biomarkers are then related to liver vitamin A concentrations, which are usually considered the gold standard for vitamin A status. With regard to biomarkers, future research questions and gaps in our current understanding as well as limitations of the methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Bryan M Gannon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | | | - Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry Schulze
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; and
| | - Daniel J Raiten
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Kupka R, Nielsen J, Nyhus Dhillon C, Blankenship J, Haskell MJ, Baker SK, Brown KH. Safety and Mortality Benefits of Delivering Vitamin A Supplementation at 6 Months of Age in Sub-Saharan Africa. Food Nutr Bull 2016; 37:375-386. [DOI: 10.1177/0379572116646280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) among children 6 to 59 months of age reduces vitamin A deficiency (VAD)-related mortality. Child health days (CHDs) only reach an estimated 16.7% of children at exactly 6 months, leaving uncovered children at risk of VAD-related mortality; similarly, VAS provided at 9 months of age with measles-containing vaccine leaves infants unprotected for 3 months. Objective: Using data from sub-Saharan Africa, we estimated the mortality benefits and safety of providing VAS at age 6 months, compared to delivery through CHDs and at 9 months. Methods: We modeled VAS-preventable mortality benefits at 6 months as a function of published VAS effect sizes, intervention coverage, and proportion of infant deaths occurring between 6 and 11 months. To evaluate safety, we modeled the effect of different VAS coverage scenarios on maximum hepatic vitamin A concentrations (HVACs). Results: VAS linked to a 6-month visit could reduce infant mortality by an additional 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-2.52) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.15-2.11) percentage points compared to VAS through CHDs and at 9 months, respectively. The HVAC models indicate that VAS at 6 months is safe even in the presence of a second VAS dose 1 month later and other food-based vitamin A control strategies. Conclusion: Advancing the first VAS dose to 6 months should be considered in settings where VAS is currently given first at 9 months. A 6-month VAS dose should also be considered in settings where VAS is delivered through CHDs. VAS delivery at 6 months could also serve as a platform to deliver other high-impact interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marjorie J. Haskell
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shawn K. Baker
- Helen Keller International Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Brown
- Helen Keller International Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
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Abstract
A strong causal association has become evident between Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy and the occurrence of fetal growth restriction, microcephaly and eye defects. Circumstantial evidence is presented in this paper in support of the hypothesis that these effects, as well as the Guillain-Barré syndrome, are due to an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis A resulting from ZIKV infection-induced damage to the liver and the spillage of stored vitamin A compounds ("retinoids") into the maternal and fetal circulation in toxic concentrations. Retinoids are mainly stored in the liver (about 80%) and are essential for numerous biological functions. In higher concentration, retinoids are potentially cytotoxic, pro-oxidant, mutagenic and teratogenic, especially if sudden shifts occur in their bodily distribution. Although liver involvement has not been mentioned specifically in recent reports, conventional liver enzyme tests underestimate the true extent of liver dysfunction. The proposed model could be tested by comparing retinoid concentration and expression profiles in microcephalic newborns of ZIKV-infected mothers and nonmicrocephalic newborn controls, and by correlating these profiles with measures of clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Mawson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health (Initiative), Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi
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Bielderman I, Vossenaar M, Melse-Boonstra A, Solomons NW. The potential double-burden of vitamin A malnutrition: under- and overconsumption of fortified table sugar in the Guatemalan highlands. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:947-53. [PMID: 27049035 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In Guatemala, population-wide vitamin A fortification of table sugar has been operating for two decades. The objective of this study was to estimate the adequacy of vitamin A intakes in pregnant and lactating women from low-income, urban and rural communities. SUBJECTS/METHODS One or two previous-day dietary recalls were collected in a convenience sample of 234 pregnant and lactating women in the Western Highlands of Guatemala. Estimated daily intakes and main sources of total vitamin A, provitamin A and preformed vitamin A were calculated. Total intakes, adjusted for day-to-day variation, were examined in relation to estimated average requirements (EAR). RESULTS Median estimated 1-day total vitamin A intake was 1177 μg retinol activity equivalents (RAE) (interquartile range (IQR) 832-1782) in the urban site and 567 μg RAE (IQR 441-737) in the rural site. Women not meeting their status-specific vitamin A requirement were 3.5 times more common in the rural communities (31%) than in the urban confines (9%). In the urban area, 26 women (21%) had preformed vitamin A intakes above 1500 μg on the day of data collection. Preformed vitamin A accounted for a median of 83.9% and 60.9% of the daily total vitamin A intake in the urban and rural sites, respectively. Sugar was the principal source of vitamin A, contributing 512 μg RAE (IQR 343-749) in the urban site and 256 μg RAE (IQR 189-363 μg) in the rural area. CONCLUSIONS The vitamin A contribution from fortified sugar can be a determinant of reaching adequacy; nevertheless, a significant proportion of pregnant and lactating women do not meet the EAR, especially in the rural setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bielderman
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala.,Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Vossenaar
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - A Melse-Boonstra
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - N W Solomons
- Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment, Aging and Metabolism (CeSSIAM), Guatemala City, Guatemala
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Lietz G, Furr HC, Gannon BM, Green MH, Haskell M, Lopez-Teros V, Novotny JA, Palmer AC, Russell RM, Tanumihardjo SA, Van Loo-Bouwman CA. Current Capabilities and Limitations of Stable Isotope Techniques and Applied Mathematical Equations in Determining Whole-Body Vitamin A Status. Food Nutr Bull 2016; 37:S87-S103. [PMID: 27053491 DOI: 10.1177/0379572116630642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol isotope dilution (RID) methodology provides a quantitative estimate of total body vitamin A (VA) stores and is the best method currently available for assessing VA status in adults and children. The methodology has also been used to test the efficacy of VA interventions in a number of low-income countries. Infections, micronutrient deficiencies (eg, iron and zinc), liver disease, physiological age, pregnancy, and lactation are known or hypothesized to influence the accuracy of estimating total body VA stores using the isotope dilution technique. OBJECTIVE Our objectives were to review the strengths and limitations of RID methods, to discuss what is known about the impact of various factors on results, and to summarize contributions of model-based compartmental analysis to assessing VA status. METHODS Relevant published literature is reviewed and discussed. RESULTS Various equations and compartmental modeling have been used to estimate the total body VA stores using stable isotopes, including a newer 3-day equation that provides an estimate of total body VA stores in healthy adults. At present, there is insufficient information on absorption of the isotope tracer, and there is a need to further investigate how various factors impact the application of RID techniques in field studies. CONCLUSIONS Isotope dilution methodology can provide useful estimates of total body VA stores in apparently healthy populations under controlled study conditions. However, more research is needed to determine whether the method is suitable for use in settings where there is a high prevalence of infection, iron deficiency, and/or liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael H Green
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Marjorie Haskell
- Program in International and Community Nutrition and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Janet A Novotny
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Amanda C Palmer
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In areas where vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health concern, the maternal dietary intake of vitamin A may be not sufficient to meet either the maternal nutritional requirements, or those of the breastfed infant, due the low retinol concentrations in breast milk. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women on maternal and infant health. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (8 February 2016), LILACS (1982 to December 2015), Web of Science (1945 to December 2015), and the reference lists of retrieved studies. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or cluster-randomised trials that assessed the effects of vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women on maternal and infant health (morbidity, mortality and vitamin A nutritional status). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, conducted data extraction, assessed risk of bias and checked for accuracy. We assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS Fourteen trials of mainly low or unclear risk of bias, enrolling 25,758 women and infant pairs were included. The supplementation schemes included high, single or double doses of vitamin A (200,000 to 400,000 internation units (IU)), or 7.8 mg daily beta-carotene compared with placebo, no treatment, other (iron); or higher (400,000 IU) versus lower dose (200,000 IU). In all trials, a considerable proportion of infants were at least partially breastfed until six months. Supplement (vitamin A as retinyl, water-miscible or beta-carotene) 200,000 to 400,000 IU versus control (placebo or no treatment) Maternal: We did not find evidence that vitamin A supplementation reduced maternal mortality at 12 months (hazard ratio (HR) 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44 to 2.21; 8577 participants; 1 RCT, moderate-quality evidence). Effects were less certain at six months (risk ratio (RR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.09 to 2.71; 564 participants; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence). The effect on maternal morbidity (diarrhoea, respiratory infections, fever) was uncertain because the quality of evidence was very low (50 participants, 1 RCT). We found insufficient evidence that vitamin A increases abdominal pain (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.73; 786 participants; 1 RCT; low-quality evidence). We found low-quality evidence that vitamin A supplementation increased breast milk retinol concentrations by 0.20 µmol/L at three to three and a half months (mean difference (MD) 0.20 µmol/L, 95% CI 0.08 to 0.31; 837 participants; 6 RCTs). Infant: We did not find evidence that vitamin A supplementation reduced infant mortality at two to 12 months (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.52; 6090 participants; 5 RCTs; low-quality evidence). Effects on morbidity (gastroenteritis at three months) was uncertain (RR 6.03, 95% CI 0.30 to 121.82; 84 participants; 1 RCT; very low-quality evidence). There was low-quality evidence for the effect on infant adverse outcomes (bulging fontanelle at 24 to 48 hours) (RR 2.00, 95% CI 0.61 to 6.55; 444 participants; 1 RCT). Supplement (vitamin A as retinyl) 400,000 IU versus 200,000 IUThree studies (1312 participants) were included in this comparison. None of the studies assessed maternal mortality, maternal morbidity or infant mortality. Findings from one study showed that there may be little or no difference in infant morbidity between the doses (diarrhoea, respiratory illnesses, and febrile illnesses) (312 participants, data not pooled). No firm conclusion could be drawn on the impact on maternal and infant adverse outcomes (limited data available).The effect on breast milk retinol was also uncertain due to the small amount of information available. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There was no evidence of benefit from different doses of vitamin A supplementation for postpartum women on maternal and infant mortality and morbidity, compared with other doses or placebo. Although maternal breast milk retinol concentrations improved with supplementation, this did not translate to health benefits for either women or infants. Few studies reported on maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Future studies should include these important outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julicristie M Oliveira
- School of Applied Sciences, University of CampinasRua Pedro Zaccaria, 1300LimeiraSão PauloBrazil13484‐350
| | - Roman Allert
- Medical Center ‐ University of FreiburgCochrane GermanyBerliner Allee 29FreiburgBWGermany79110
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and GynaecologyTheodor‐Stern‐Kai 7FrankfurtHessenGermany60596
| | - Christine E East
- Monash University/Monash HealthSchool of Nursing and Midwifery/Maternity Services246 Clayton RoadClaytonVictoriaAustralia3168
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Klemm RDW, Palmer AC, Greig A, Engle-Stone R, Dalmiya N. A Changing Landscape for Vitamin A Programs: Implications for Optimal Intervention Packages, Program Monitoring, and Safety. Food Nutr Bull 2016; 37:S75-86. [PMID: 27004480 DOI: 10.1177/0379572116630481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) remains a widespread public health problem in the developing world, despite changes in under-5 mortality rates, morbidity patterns, and intervention options. OBJECTIVE This article considers the implications of a changing epidemiologic and programmatic landscape for vitamin A (VA) programs. METHODS We review progress to prevent VAD and its health consequences, assess gaps in VA status and intervention coverage data, and assess data needed to guide decisions regarding the optimal mix, targeting, and dose of VA interventions to maximize benefit and minimize risk. RESULTS Vitamin A supplementation programs have contributed to the reduction in under-5 mortality rates, but alone, do not address the underlying problem of inadequate dietary VA intakes and VAD among preschool-aged children in the developing world. A combination of VA interventions (eg, supplementation, fortified foods, multiple micronutrient powders, and lipid-based nutrient supplements) will be required to achieve VA adequacy in most settings. Current efforts to measure the coverage of multiple VA interventions, as well as whether and how much VA children are receiving, are few and fragmented. CONCLUSIONS Where intervention overlap exists, further effort is needed to monitor VA intakes, ensuring that targeted groups are consuming adequate amounts but not exceeding the tolerable upper intake level. Vitamin A status data will also be critical for navigating the changing landscape of VA programs. Data from these monitoring efforts will help to guide decisions on the optimal mix, targeting, and exposure to VA interventions to maximize public health benefit while minimizing any potential risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf D W Klemm
- Helen Keller International, New York, NY, USA Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda C Palmer
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison Greig
- Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nita Dalmiya
- UNICEF, West and Central Africa Regional Office, Dakar, Senegal, Africa
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Klevor MK, Haskell MJ, Lartey A, Adu-Afarwuah S, Zeilani M, Dewey KG. Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements Providing Approximately the Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin A Do Not Increase Breast Milk Retinol Concentrations among Ghanaian Women. J Nutr 2016; 146:335-42. [PMID: 26740682 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.217786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A deficiency remains a global public health problem. Daily supplementation with a lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) has potential for increasing milk vitamin A concentrations. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether daily supplementation with approximately the recommended daily intake of vitamin A in an LNS or a multiple-micronutrient supplement (MMN) during pregnancy and the first 6 mo postpartum has an effect on breast milk retinol concentration at 6 mo postpartum. METHODS Women ≤20 wk pregnant (n = 1320) were randomly assigned to receive either the MMN providing 18 micronutrients, including 800 μg retinol equivalents of vitamin A, or the LNS with the same nutrients as the MMN group, plus 4 minerals and macronutrients, until 6 mo postpartum; a control group received iron and folic acid during pregnancy and a placebo (calcium tablet) during the first 6 mo postpartum. Breast milk samples collected at 6 mo postpartum were analyzed for retinol and fat concentrations by HPLC and creamatocrit, respectively, in a subsample of 756 women. RESULTS The breast milk retinol concentration was (mean ± SD) 56.3 ± 2.1 nmol/g fat, with no significant differences between groups [iron and folic acid (n = 243): 59.1 ± 2.8; MMN (n = 260): 55.4 ± 2.5; LNS (n = 253): 54.7 ± 2.5 nmol/g fat; P = 0.45], regardless of whether the woman had or had not received a high-dose vitamin A supplement (200,000 IU) soon after childbirth. Around 17% of participants had low milk retinol (≤28 nmol/g fat). We estimated that 41% of infants were potentially receiving vitamin A at amounts above the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (600 μg retinol activity equivalents/d), with no group differences in percentages with low or high milk retinol concentration. CONCLUSION Daily consumption of approximately the recommended intake of vitamin A did not increase breast milk retinol concentrations in this sample of Ghanaian women. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00970866.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses K Klevor
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; and
| | - Marjorie J Haskell
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Anna Lartey
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; and
| | - Seth Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; and
| | | | - Kathryn G Dewey
- Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA;
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Saad L, Washington I. Can Vitamin A be Improved to Prevent Blindness due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Stargardt Disease and Other Retinal Dystrophies? ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:355-61. [PMID: 26427432 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We discuss how an imperfect visual cycle results in the formation of vitamin A dimers, thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of various retinal diseases, and summarize how slowing vitamin A dimerization has been a therapeutic target of interest to prevent blindness. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of vitamin A dimerization, an alternative form of vitamin A, one that forms dimers more slowly yet maneuvers effortlessly through the visual cycle, was developed. Such a vitamin A, reinforced with deuterium (C20-D3-vitamin A), can be used as a non-disruptive tool to understand the contribution of vitamin A dimers to vision loss. Eventually, C20-D3-vitamin A could become a disease-modifying therapy to slow or stop vision loss associated with dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Stargardt disease and retinal diseases marked by such vitamin A dimers. Human clinical trials of C20-D3-vitamin A (ALK-001) are underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonide Saad
- Alkeus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 21 Drydock Ave 6th Floor, 02210, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ilyas Washington
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, Eye Research, 10032, New York, NY, USA.
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The effects of vitamin A supplementation with measles vaccine on leucocyte counts and in vitro cytokine production. Br J Nutr 2015; 115:619-28. [PMID: 26678511 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515004869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
As WHO recommends vitamin A supplementation (VAS) at vaccination contacts after age 6 months, many children receive VAS together with measles vaccine (MV). We aimed to investigate the immunological effect of VAS given with MV. Within a randomised placebo-controlled trial investigating the effect on overall mortality of providing VAS with vaccines in Guinea-Bissau, we conducted an immunological sub-study of VAS v. placebo with MV, analysing leucocyte counts, whole blood in vitro cytokine production, vitamin A status and concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP). VAS compared with placebo was associated with an increased frequency of CRP ≥ 5 mg/l (28 v. 12%; P=0·005). Six weeks after supplementation, VAS had significant sex-differential effects on leucocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte and basophil cell counts, decreasing them in males but increasing them in females. Mainly in females, the effect of VAS on cytokine responses differed by previous VAS: in previous VAS recipients, VAS increased the pro-inflammatory and T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine responses, whereas VAS decreased these responses in previously unsupplemented children. In previous VAS recipients, VAS was associated with increased IFN-γ responses to phytohaemagglutinin in females (geometric mean ratio (GMR): 3·97; 95% CI 1·44, 10·90) but not in males (GMR 0·44; 95% CI 0·14, 1·42); the opposite was observed in previously unsupplemented children. Our results corroborate that VAS provided with MV has immunological effects, which may depend on sex and previous VAS. VAS may increase the number of leucocytes, but also repress both the innate and lymphocyte-derived cytokine responses in females, whereas this repression may be opposite if the females have previously received VAS.
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Cha JH, Yu QM, Seo JS. Vitamin A supplementation modifies the antioxidant system in rats. Nutr Res Pract 2015; 10:26-32. [PMID: 26865913 PMCID: PMC4742307 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2016.10.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES It has been shown that vitamin A supplementation has different effects on skeletal health and the antioxidant system. Deficiency or excess of this vitamin can lead to health problems. Vitamin A can work as either an antioxidant or prooxidant depending on its concentration. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of vitamin A supplementation on the antioxidant system in rats. MATERIALS/METHODS Forty Spargue-Dawley male rats were divided into four groups according to the dose of vitamin A received: 0 (A0), 4,000 (A1), 8,000 (A2), and 20,000 (A3) IU retinyl palmitate/kg diet. After a feeding period of 4 wks, lipid peroxide levels, glutathione concentration, antioxidant enzyme activities, and vitamins A and E concentrations were measured. Histopathological changes were observed in rat liver tissue using an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS Lipid peroxide levels in plasma were significantly decreased in the A1 and A2 groups compared to the A0 rats. Erythrocyte catalase and hepatic superoxide dismutase activities of the A2 group were significantly higher than those of the A0 group. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in the A3 group compared to the other groups. Total glutathione concentrations were significantly higher in the A1 and A2 groups than in the A0 group. Histological examination of liver tissue showed that excessive supplementation of vitamin A might lead to lipid droplet accumulation and nuclear membrane deformation. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that appropriate supplementation of vitamin A might have a beneficial effect on the antioxidant system in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Cha
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Qi-Ming Yu
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Jung-Sook Seo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
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Gasparotto J, Petiz LL, Girardi CS, Bortolin RC, de Vargas AR, Henkin BS, Chaves PR, Roncato S, Matté C, Zanotto-Filho A, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP. Supplementation with vitamin A enhances oxidative stress in the lungs of rats submitted to aerobic exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2015; 40:1253-61. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training induces reactive oxygen species production and low levels of oxidative damage, which are required for induction of antioxidant defenses and tissue adaptation. This process is physiological and essential to improve physical conditioning and performance. During exercise, endogenous antioxidants are recruited to prevent excessive oxidative stress, demanding appropriate intake of antioxidants from diet or supplements; in this context, the search for vitamin supplements that enhance the antioxidant defenses and improve exercise performance has been continuously increasing. On the other hand, excess of antioxidants may hinder the pro-oxidant signals necessary for this process of adaptation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation (2000 IU/kg, oral) upon oxidative stress and parameters of pro-inflammatory signaling in lungs of rats submitted to aerobic exercise (swimming protocol). When combined with exercise, vitamin A inhibited biochemical parameters of adaptation/conditioning by attenuating exercise-induced antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and decreasing the content of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products. Increased oxidative damage to proteins (carbonylation) and lipids (lipoperoxidation) was also observed in these animals. In sedentary animals, vitamin A decreased superoxide dismutase and increased lipoperoxidation. Vitamin A also enhanced the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and decreased interleukin-10, effects partially reversed by aerobic training. Taken together, the results presented herein point to negative effects associated with vitamin A supplementation at the specific dose here used upon oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung tissues of rats submitted to aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juciano Gasparotto
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lyvia Lintzmaier Petiz
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Saibro Girardi
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calixto Bortolin
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues de Vargas
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Saldanha Henkin
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paloma Rodrigues Chaves
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Roncato
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Matté
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Engle-Stone R, Nankap M, Ndjebayi AO, Vosti SA, Brown KH. Estimating the Effective Coverage of Programs to Control Vitamin A Deficiency and Its Consequences Among Women and Young Children in Cameroon. Food Nutr Bull 2015; 36:S149-71. [PMID: 26385984 DOI: 10.1177/0379572115595888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the cost-effectiveness of nutrition programs, the anticipated nutritional benefits of each intervention must be expressed using a common metric. OBJECTIVE We present the methodology for estimating the benefits of vitamin A (VA)-related interventions among women and children in Cameroon. METHODS We estimated "reach" (proportion of the population that receives a program), "coverage" (proportion that is deficient and receives a program), and "effective coverage" (proportion that "converts" from inadequate to adequate VA intake following an intervention) using dietary data collected during a national survey in 3 macro-regions of Cameroon (North, South, and Yaoundé/Douala). Effective coverage of programs such as (bio)fortification and micronutrient powders was estimated by adding the dietary VA contributed by the intervention to baseline VA intakes, including the contribution of increased maternal VA intake to infant VA intake through increases in breast milk VA. For interventions that provide VA-related benefits through other pathways (eg, periodic high-dose VA supplements and deworming), we developed alternative methods of estimating "daily VA intake equivalents. " RESULTS Baseline VA intakes and intervention reach varied by geographic macro-region. On average, estimates of program reach were greater than the effective coverage estimates by ∼50%. Effective coverage varied by intervention package and macro-region, ranging from <20 000 (deworming, Yaoundé/Douala) to >400 000 (micronutrient powder or VA supplement, North) children effectively covered per year. CONCLUSION These estimates of effective coverage, along with macro-region-specific information on the costs of each intervention package, serve as inputs into an economic optimization model to identify the most cost-effective package of VA interventions for each macro-region of Cameroon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Engle-Stone
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen A Vosti
- Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth H Brown
- Department of Nutrition, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, USA Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
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