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Murphy G, Freedman ND, Abnet CC, Albanes D, Cross AJ, Huang WY, Koshiol J, McGlynn K, Parisi D, Männistö S, Weinstein SJ, Waterboer T, Butt J. Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter bilis in liver and biliary cancers from ATBC and PLCO. Helicobacter 2024; 29:e13053. [PMID: 38332674 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter species (spp.) have been detected in human bile and hepatobiliary tissue Helicobacter spp. promote gallstone formation and hepatobiliary tumors in laboratory studies, though it remains unclear whether Helicobacter spp. contribute to these cancers in humans. We used a multiplex panel to assess whether seropositivity to Helicobacter (H.) hepaticus or H. bilis proteins was associated with the development of hepatobiliary cancers in the Finnish Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study, and US-based Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO). METHODS We included 62 biliary and 121 liver cancers, and 190 age-matched controls from ATBC and 74 biliary and 105 liver cancers, and 364 age- and sex-matched controls from PLCO. Seropositivity to 14 H. hepaticus and H. bilis antigens was measured using a multiplex assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adjusted for major hepatobiliary cancer risk factors and Helicobacter pylori serostatus. RESULTS Seropositivity to the H. bilis antigen, P167D, was associated with more than a twofold higher risk of liver cancer (OR: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.06, 5.36) and seropositivity to the H. hepaticus antigens HH0407 or HH1201, or H. bilis antigen, HRAG 01470 were associated with higher risk of biliary cancer (OR: 5.01; 95% CI: 1.53, 16.40; OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.00, 5.76; OR: 3.27; 95% CI: 1.14, 9.34, respectively) within PLCO. No associations for any of the H. hepaticus or H. bilis antigens were noted for liver or biliary cancers within ATBC. CONCLUSIONS Further investigations in cohort studies should examine the role of Helicobacter spp. in the etiology of liver and biliary cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Murphy
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neal D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Christian C Abnet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Group (CSPRG), Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jill Koshiol
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katherine McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dominick Parisi
- Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhou Z, Zhuo L, Fu X, Zou Q. Joint deep autoencoder and subgraph augmentation for inferring microbial responses to drugs. Brief Bioinform 2023; 25:bbad483. [PMID: 38171927 PMCID: PMC10764208 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring microbial stress responses to drugs is crucial for the advancement of new therapeutic methods. While current artificial intelligence methodologies have expedited our understanding of potential microbial responses to drugs, the models are constrained by the imprecise representation of microbes and drugs. To this end, we combine deep autoencoder and subgraph augmentation technology for the first time to propose a model called JDASA-MRD, which can identify the potential indistinguishable responses of microbes to drugs. In the JDASA-MRD model, we begin by feeding the established similarity matrices of microbe and drug into the deep autoencoder, enabling to extract robust initial features of both microbes and drugs. Subsequently, we employ the MinHash and HyperLogLog algorithms to account intersections and cardinality data between microbe and drug subgraphs, thus deeply extracting the multi-hop neighborhood information of nodes. Finally, by integrating the initial node features with subgraph topological information, we leverage graph neural network technology to predict the microbes' responses to drugs, offering a more effective solution to the 'over-smoothing' challenge. Comparative analyses on multiple public datasets confirm that the JDASA-MRD model's performance surpasses that of current state-of-the-art models. This research aims to offer a more profound insight into the adaptability of microbes to drugs and to furnish pivotal guidance for drug treatment strategies. Our data and code are publicly available at: https://github.com/ZZCrazy00/JDASA-MRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhecheng Zhou
- School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University of Technology, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linlin Zhuo
- School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University of Technology, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangzheng Fu
- College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, 410012, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 611730, Chengdu, China
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3
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Heuberger CE, Janney A, Ilott N, Bertocchi A, Pott S, Gu Y, Pohin M, Friedrich M, Mann EH, Pearson C, Powrie FM, Pott J, Thornton E, Maloy KJ. MHC class II antigen presentation by intestinal epithelial cells fine-tunes bacteria-reactive CD4 T cell responses. Mucosal Immunol 2023:S1933-0219(23)00032-6. [PMID: 37209960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Although intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can express major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II), especially during intestinal inflammation, it remains unclear if antigen presentation by IECs favours pro- or anti-inflammatory CD4+ T cell responses. Using selective gene ablation of MHC II in IECs and IEC organoid cultures, we assessed the impact of MHC II expression by IECs on CD4+ T cell responses and disease outcomes in response to enteric bacterial pathogens. We found that intestinal bacterial infections elicit inflammatory cues that greatly increase expression of MHC II processing and presentation molecules in colonic IECs. Whilst IEC MHC II expression had little impact on disease severity following Citrobacter rodentium or Helicobacter hepaticus infection, using a colonic IEC organoid-CD4+ T cell co-culture system, we demonstrate that IECs can activate antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in an MHC II-dependent manner, modulating both regulatory and effector Th cell subsets. Furthermore, we assessed adoptively transferred H. hepaticus-specific CD4+ T cells during intestinal inflammation in vivo and report that IEC MHC II expression dampens pro-inflammatory effector Th cells. Our findings indicate that IECs can function as non-conventional antigen presenting cells and that IEC MHC II expression fine-tunes local effector CD4+ T cell responses during intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Heuberger
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Janney
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - N Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Bertocchi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - S Pott
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, United States
| | - Y Gu
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Pohin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - M Friedrich
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E H Mann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - C Pearson
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F M Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - J Pott
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - E Thornton
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; current address: MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K J Maloy
- School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Great Britain.
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Microbiome and Metabolomics in Liver Cancer: Scientific Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010537. [PMID: 36613980 PMCID: PMC9820585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer is a heterogeneous disease. Liver cancer metabolism includes both the reprogramming of intracellular metabolism to enable cancer cells to proliferate inappropriately and adapt to the tumor microenvironment and fluctuations in regular tissue metabolism. Currently, metabolomics and metabolite profiling in liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been in the spotlight in terms of cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy. Metabolomics is the global analysis of small molecules, chemicals, and metabolites. Metabolomics technologies can provide critical information about the liver cancer state. Here, we review how liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and HCC therapies interact with metabolism at the cellular and systemic levels. An overview of liver metabolomics is provided, with a focus on currently available technologies and how they have been used in clinical and translational research. We also list scalable methods, including chemometrics, followed by pathway processing in liver cancer. We conclude that important drivers of metabolomics science and scientific technologies are novel therapeutic tools and liver cancer biomarker analysis.
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5
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Zhou W, Chen X, Fan Q, Yu H, Jiang W. Using proton pump inhibitors increases the risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:979215. [PMID: 36188583 PMCID: PMC9515471 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.979215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: More and more studies are focusing on the adverse effects and damage caused by PPI abuse, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis for assessing whether the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) leads to hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched until 1 July 2022, 25 studies (17 case-control and 8 cohort studies; 2741853 individuals) included in this study. Pooled Odd Ratios (ORs) were used for random effect models. Sensitivity analysis and dose-response analysis, subgroup analysis were all conducted. Results: The aggregate OR of the meta-analysis was 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42–2.01, p = 0.01) and heterogeneity (I2 = 98.9%, p < 0.001) was substantial. According to stratified subgroup analyses, the incidence of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer was associated, expect for study design, study quality and region. Risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer is highest when people is treated with normal doses of PPI. The risks decrease and become insignificant when the cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) increases. Conclusion: The use of PPI may be associated with an increased risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer. Hence, caution is needed when using PPIs among patients with a high risk of hepato-biliary-pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wence Zhou
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- *Correspondence: Wence Zhou,
| | - Xinlong Chen
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qigang Fan
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haichuan Yu
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenkai Jiang
- First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Beyoğlu D, Idle JR. The gut microbiota - a vehicle for the prevention and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115225. [PMID: 35998677 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises principally against a background of cirrhosis and these two diseases are responsible globally for over 2 million deaths a year. There are few treatment options for liver cirrhosis and HCC, so it is vital to arrest these pathologies early in their development. To do so, we propose dietary and therapeutic solutions that involve the gut microbiota and its consequences. Integrated dietary, environmental and intrinsic signals result in a bidirectional connection between the liver and the gut with its microbiota, known as the gut-liver axis. Numerous lifestyle factors can result in dysbiosis with a change in the functional composition and metabolic activity of the microbiota. A panoply of metabolites can be produced by the microbiota, including ethanol, secondary bile acids, trimethylamine, indole, quinolone, phenazine and their derivatives and the quorum sensor acyl homoserine lactones that may contribute to HCC but have yet to be fully investigated. Gram-negative bacteria can activate the pattern recognition receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the liver leading to nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling, which can contribute to HCC initiation and progression. The goal in preventing HCC should be to ensure a healthy gut microbiota using probiotic supplements containing beneficial bacteria and prebiotic plant fibers such as oligosaccharides that stimulate their growth. The clinical development of TLR4 antagonists is urgently needed to counteract the pathological effects of dysbiosis on the liver and other organs. Further nutrigenomic studies are required to understand better how the diet influences the gut microbiota and its adverse effects on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Arthur G. Zupko Institute for Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Idle
- Arthur G. Zupko Institute for Systems Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Arnold and Marie Schwartz College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Long Island University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, USA.
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7
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Yamashita M, Adachi T, Ono S, Yoshino K, Imamura H, Matsushima H, Tanaka T, Kosaka T, Soyama A, Hidaka M, Kanetaka K, Eguchi S. Helicobacter bilis infection induces oxidative stress in and enhances the proliferation of human cholangiocytes. Helicobacter 2022; 27:e12908. [PMID: 35661483 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter bilis, an enterohepatic Helicobacter species, represents a carcinogenic risk factor for cholangiocytes owing to the prevalence of infections in patients with biliary tract cancer, cholecystitis, and pancreaticobiliary maljunction. However, the effect of H. bilis infection on cholangiocytes and the process and mechanism of carcinogenesis are not known. We aimed to determine the effects of H. bilis on cholangiocytes, focusing on inflammation and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS Helicobacter bilis and MMNK-1 cells were cocultured for 24 h and inflammatory cytokine secretion was evaluated. Furthermore, MMNK-1 cell proliferation, intracellular reactive oxidant species (ROS) production, and DNA damage caused by ROS were investigated. All factors were compared with and without H. bilis infection. RESULTS Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion were significantly increased in MMNK-1 cocultures with H. bilis (IL-6, 24.3 ± 12.2 vs. 271.1 ± 286.4 pg/ml; IL-8, 167.6 ± 78.7 vs. 1085.1 ± 1047.1 pg/ml, p < .05). MMNK-1 proliferation was also significantly higher in H. bilis cocultures (1.05 ± 0.02 vs. 1.00-fold, respectively; p < .05). Coculturing enhanced the production of ROS in MMNK-1 cells depending on the cell concentration of H. bilis (1.0 vs. 1.17 ± 0.06, p < .05); however, DNA injury was not observed in cocultures with H. bilis (5.35 ± 0.87 vs. 6.08 ± 0.55 pg/μl, p = .06). CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter bilis infection induced ROS production in and enhanced the proliferation of cholangiocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mampei Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Ono
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yoshino
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsushima
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Taichiro Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Soyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Kornerup LS, Jepsen P, Bartels LE, Dahlerup JF, Vilstrup H. Lower Incidence of Hepatobiliary Cancer in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Persons: A Cohort Study of 53.633 Persons. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2022; 12:793-799. [PMID: 35677512 PMCID: PMC9168699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori (HP) is known to be involved in intestinal carcinogenesis. As regards hepatobiliary cancers, there are few and inconsistent reports. We investigated HP infection and its association with the incidence of hepatobiliary cancers in a large cohort study. The cohort's appropriateness for the purpose was gauged by its ability to identify the established risk relation to gastric cancer. METHODS This historical study was performed in the Central Denmark Region. Patients were included from primary healthcare after being tested for HP infection with a urea breath test. Patients' diagnoses, age, gender, and country of birth were obtained from Danish national administrative registries. Cox regression was used to compare incidences of hepatobiliary and gastric cancer between HP-positive and HP-negative persons, adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS A total of 53,633 persons were included and 10,553 were tested HP-positive. They were followed for a median of 4.6 years (total 250,515 person-years). We found 64 hepatobiliary cancers, with a markedly lower incidence in HP-positive persons; HR = 0.27 (95% CI 0.11-0.68). A higher incidence of gastric cancer in HP-positive persons was confirmed (HR = 1.99 (95% CI 1.35-2.94)). CONCLUSION The incidence of hepatobiliary cancers was remarkably lower in HP-infected persons after adjusting for age, gender, cirrhosis, alcohol-related diagnoses, chronic viral hepatitis, and country of origin. We found no methodological cause for this unexpected finding, and the pathogenic links between the infection and cancer remain to be identified. Our results must be confirmed in a similar cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S. Kornerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,Address for correspondence: Linda S. Kornerup, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, 99 Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard Aarhus, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Peter Jepsen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars E. Bartels
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens F. Dahlerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Jeffery R, Ilott NE, Powrie F. Genetic and environmental factors shape the host response to Helicobacter hepaticus: insights into IBD pathogenesis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 65:145-155. [PMID: 34883389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pathobionts are members of the gut microbiota with the capacity to cause disease when there is malfunctioning intestinal homeostasis. These organisms are thought to be major contributors to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of chronic inflammatory disorders driven by dysregulated responses towards the microbiota. Over two decades have passed since the discovery of Helicobacter hepaticus, a mouse pathobiont which causes colitis in the context of immune deficiency. During this time, we have developed a detailed understanding of the cellular players and cytokine networks which drive H. hepaticus immunopathology. However, we are just beginning to understand the microbial factors that enable H. hepaticus to interact with the host and influence colonic health and disease. Here we review key H. hepaticus-host interactions, their relevance to other exemplar pathobionts and how when maladapted they drive colitis. Further understanding of these pathways may offer new therapeutic approaches for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jeffery
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas E Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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10
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Kumari R, Palaniyandi S, Hildebrandt GC. The microbiome-the revealing of a long time unbeknownst factor for outcome in murine models of graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2021; 56:1777-1783. [PMID: 34052837 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-021-01325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kumari
- Division of Hematology & Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Senthilnathan Palaniyandi
- Division of Hematology & Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gerhard Carl Hildebrandt
- Division of Hematology & Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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11
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Ochoa S, Collado L. Enterohepatic Helicobacter species - clinical importance, host range, and zoonotic potential. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:728-761. [PMID: 34153195 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1924117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The genus Helicobacter defined just over 30 years ago, is a highly diverse and fast-growing group of bacteria that are able to persistently colonize a wide range of animals. The members of this genus are subdivided into two groups with different ecological niches, associated pathologies, and phylogenetic relationships: the gastric Helicobacter (GH) and the enterohepatic Helicobacter (EHH) species. Although GH have been mostly studied, EHH species have become increasingly important as emerging human pathogens and potential zoonotic agents in the last years. This group of bacteria has been associated with the development of several diseases in humans from acute pathologies like gastroenteritis to chronic pathologies that include inflammatory bowel disease, and liver and gallbladder diseases. However, their reservoirs, as well as their routes of transmission, have not been well established yet. Therefore, this review summarizes the current knowledge of taxonomy, epidemiology, and clinical role of the EHH group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ochoa
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Collado
- Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of the Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Choudhry H. The Microbiome and Its Implications in Cancer Immunotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:E206. [PMID: 33401586 PMCID: PMC7795182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is responsible for ~18 million deaths globally each year, representing a major cause of death. Several types of therapy strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and more recently immunotherapy, have been implemented in treating various types of cancer. Microbes have recently been found to be both directly and indirectly involved in cancer progression and regulation, and studies have provided novel and clear insights into the microbiome-mediated emergence of cancers. Scientists around the globe are striving hard to identify and characterize these microbes and the underlying mechanisms by which they promote or suppress various kinds of cancer. Microbes may influence immunotherapy by blocking various cell cycle checkpoints and the production of certain metabolites. Hence, there is an urgent need to better understand the role of these microbes in the promotion and suppression of cancer. The identification of microbes may help in the development of future diagnostic tools to cure cancers possibly associated with the microbiome. This review mainly focuses on various microbes and their association with different types of cancer, responses to immunotherapeutic modulation, physiological responses, and prebiotic and postbiotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Ericsson AC, Franklin CL. The gut microbiome of laboratory mice: considerations and best practices for translational research. Mamm Genome 2021; 32:239-250. [PMID: 33689000 PMCID: PMC8295156 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Just as the gut microbiota (GM) is now recognized as an integral mediator of environmental influences on human physiology, susceptibility to disease, and response to pharmacological intervention, so too does the GM of laboratory mice affect the phenotype of research using mouse models. Multiple experimental factors have been shown to affect the composition of the GM in research mice, as well as the model phenotype, suggesting that the GM represents a major component in experimental reproducibility. Moreover, several recent studies suggest that manipulation of the GM of laboratory mice can substantially improve the predictive power or translatability of data generated in mouse models to the human conditions under investigation. This review provides readers with information related to these various factors and practices, and recommendations regarding methods by which issues with poor reproducibility or translatability can be transformed into discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Ericsson
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center (MUMC), MU Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Craig L Franklin
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center (MUMC), MU Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center (MU MMRRC), Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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14
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The microbiome, genetics, and gastrointestinal neoplasms: the evolving field of molecular pathological epidemiology to analyze the tumor-immune-microbiome interaction. Hum Genet 2020; 140:725-746. [PMID: 33180176 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metagenomic studies using next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed rich human intestinal microbiome, which likely influence host immunity and health conditions including cancer. Evidence indicates a biological link between altered microbiome and cancers in the digestive system. Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis have been found to be enriched in colorectal mucosal tissues from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis that is caused by germline APC mutations. In addition, recent studies have found enrichment of certain oral bacteria, viruses, and fungi in tumor tissue and fecal specimens from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. An integrative approach is required to elucidate the role of microorganisms in the pathogenic process of gastrointestinal cancers, which develop through the accumulation of somatic genetic and epigenetic alterations in neoplastic cells, influenced by host genetic variations, immunity, microbiome, and environmental exposures. The transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) offers research frameworks to link germline genetics and environmental factors (including diet, lifestyle, and pharmacological factors) to pathologic phenotypes. The integration of microbiology into the MPE model (microbiology-MPE) can contribute to better understanding of the interactive role of environment, tumor cells, immune cells, and microbiome in various diseases. We review major clinical and experimental studies on the microbiome, and describe emerging evidence from the microbiology-MPE research in gastrointestinal cancers. Together with basic experimental research, this new research paradigm can help us to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for gastrointestinal cancers through targeting of the microbiome.
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15
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Compton SR. PCR and RT-PCR in the Diagnosis of Laboratory Animal Infections and in Health Monitoring. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2020; 59:458-468. [PMID: 32580820 PMCID: PMC7479767 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-20-000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics (PCR and RT-PCR) have become commonplace in laboratory animal research and diagnostics, augmenting or replacing serological and microbiologic methods. This overview will discuss the uses of molecular diagnostics in the diagnosis of pathogenic infections of laboratory animals and in monitoring the microbial status of laboratory animals and their environment. The article will focus primarily on laboratory rodents, although PCR can be used on samples from any laboratory animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan R Compton
- Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine;,
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16
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Whary MT, Wang C, Ruff CF, DiVincenzo MJ, Labriola C, Ge L, Feng Y, Ge Z, Bakthavatchalu V, Muthupalani S, Horwitz BH, Fox JG. Effects of Colonization of Gnotobiotic Swiss Webster Mice with Helicobacter bilis. Comp Med 2020; 70:216-232. [PMID: 32349859 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter bilis (Hb) causes hepatitis in some strains of inbred mice. The current study confirmed that Hb directly causes portal hepatitis in outbred gnotobiotic Swiss Webster (SW) mice, as we previously reported for conventional SW mice. Hbmonoassociated SW mice also developed mild enterocolitis, expanded gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and tertiary lymphoid tissue in the lower bowel. At 1 and 10 mo after infection, Hb-induced GALT hyperplasia exhibited well-organized, ectopic germinal centers with increased mononuclear cell apoptosis, MHC class II antigen presentation, and pronounced endothelial venule formation, consistent with features of tertiary lymphoid tissue. In the lower bowel, Hb induced mainly B220+ cells as well as CD4+ IL17+, CD4+ IFNγ+, and CD4+ FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and significantly increased IL10 mRNA expression. This gnotobiotic model confirmed that Hb causes portal hepatitis in outbred SW mice but stimulated GALT with an antiinflammatory bias. Because Hb had both anti- and proinflammatory effects on GALT, it should be considered a 'pathosymbiont provocateur' and merits further evaluation in mouse models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts;,
| | - Chuanwu Wang
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Catherine F Ruff
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mallory J DiVincenzo
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Caralyn Labriola
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Lillian Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Vasu Bakthavatchalu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Suresh Muthupalani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce H Horwitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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17
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Cao S, Zhu C, Feng J, Zhu L, Yin J, Xu Y, Yang H, Huang Y, Zhang Q. Helicobacter hepaticus infection induces chronic hepatitis and fibrosis in male BALB/c mice via the activation of NF-κB, Stat3, and MAPK signaling pathways. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12677. [PMID: 31881556 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been documented that Helicobacter hepaticus (H hepaticus) infection is linked to chronic hepatitis and liver cancer. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying progression of the H hepaticus-induced hepatic inflammation to cellular hepatocarcinoma is still limited. MATERIALS AND METHODS In our study, male BALB/c mice were infected by H hepaticus for 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Histopathology, H hepaticus colonization dynamics, select signaling pathways, and expression of key inflammatory cytokines in the liver were examined. RESULTS We found that H hepaticus was detectible in feces of mice at 7 days postinfection (DPI) by PCR, but it was not detected in the livers by PCR until 8 weeks postinfection (WPI). In addition, abundance of colonic and hepatic H hepaticus was progressively increased over the infection duration. H hepaticus-induced hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were aggravated over the infection duration, and necrosis or cirrhosis developed in the infected liver at 24 WPI H hepaticus infection increased levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Moreover, mRNA levels of Il-6 and Tnf-α were significantly elevated in the livers of H hepaticus-infected mice compared to uninfected control from 8 WPI to 24 WPI. Furthermore, Stat3, nuclear factor-κB (p65), and MAPK (Erk1/2 and p38) were activated by H hepaticus infection. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that male BALB/c mice can be used as a new mouse model of H hepaticus-induced liver diseases and that the H hepaticus-induced liver injury is triggered by NF-κB, Jak-Stat, and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Cao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Shanghai Lab Animal Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqi Zhu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongliang Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzheng Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.,Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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18
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Abstract
The gut microbiome is the natural intestinal inhabitant that has been recognized recently as a major player in the maintenance of human health and the pathophysiology of many diseases. Those commensals produce metabolites that have various effects on host biological functions. Therefore, alterations in the normal composition or diversity of microbiome have been implicated in various diseases, including liver cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that progression of dysbiosis can be associated with worsening of liver disease. Here, we review the possible roles for gut microbiota in the development, progression, and complication of liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaya A M Albhaisi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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19
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Hassan A, Shahata M, Refaie E, Ibrahim R. Pathogenicity testing and antimicrobial susceptibility ofHelicobacter pullorumisolates from chicken origin. Int J Vet Sci Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijvsm.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A.K. Hassan
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt
| | - M.A. Shahata
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt
| | - E.M. Refaie
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt
| | - R.S. Ibrahim
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt
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20
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Maddi A, Sabharwal A, Violante T, Manuballa S, Genco R, Patnaik S, Yendamuri S. The microbiome and lung cancer. J Thorac Dis 2019; 11:280-291. [PMID: 30863606 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.12.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has become increasingly clear that we live in a symbiotic relationship with microbes within us. We are just beginning to unravel the nature and strength of this relationship and its impact on both physiology and by extension, pathology. While microorganisms have long been known to have carcinogenic potential, their role may have been underestimated. The knowledge of the role of the microbiome in carcinogenesis is rapidly evolving. This evolution has reached a tipping point with current omics technologies used for cataloguing the microbiome. The lung is an organ constantly exposed to the environment. It is now clear that the lung has a distinct microbiome and that this may influence the development of lung cancer. In addition, evidence suggests that this microbiome originates from the oral microbiome. This review summarizes current knowledge about the role of microbiome, especially the oral and lung microbiome in human lung cancer. The goal of the manuscript is to provide a summary of this rapidly evolving field while providing a context of the general role of the microbiome in carcinogenesis. In addition, a primer of the current technology used in evaluating the microbiome is provided to familiarize the practicing clinician with the experimental methods used to generate the information that will likely impact the field of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Maddi
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Amarpreet Sabharwal
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Violante
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sunita Manuballa
- Department of Oral Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Genco
- Department of Periodontics & Endodontics, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Santosh Patnaik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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21
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Mannion A, Shen Z, Feng Y, Artim SC, Ravindra K, Ge Z, Fox JG. Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase expression by Helicobacter saguini, an enterohepatic Helicobacter species isolated from cotton top tamarins with chronic colitis. Cell Microbiol 2018; 21:e12968. [PMID: 30365223 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter saguini is a novel enterohepatic Helicobacter species isolated from captive cotton top tamarins with chronic colitis and colon cancer. Monoassociated H. saguini infection in gnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice causes typhlocolitis and dysplasia; however, the virulent mechanisms of this species are unknown. Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) is an enzymatic virulence factor expressed by pathogenic Helicobacter and Campylobacter species that inhibits host cellular proliferation and promotes inflammatory-mediated gastrointestinal pathology. The aim of this study was to determine if H. saguini expresses an enzymatically active GGT homologue with virulence properties. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES Two putative GGT paralogs (HSGGT1 and HSGGT2) identified in the H. saguini genome were bioinformatically analysed to predict enzymatic functionality and virulence potential. An isogenic knockout mutant strain and purified recombinant protein of HSGGT1 were created to study enzymatic activity and virulence properties by in vitro biochemical and cell culture experiments. RESULTS Bioinformatic analysis predicted that HSGGT1 has enzymatic functionality and is most similar to the virulent homologue expressed by Helicobacter bilis, whereas HSGGT2 contains putatively inactivating mutations. An isogenic knockout mutant strain and recombinant HSGGT1 protein were successfully created and demonstrated that H. saguini has GGT enzymatic activity. Recombinant HSGGT1 protein and sonicate from wild-type but not mutant H. saguini inhibited gastrointestinal epithelial and lymphocyte cell proliferation without evidence of cell death. The antiproliferative effect by H. saguini sonicate or recombinant HSGGT1 protein could be significantly prevented with glutamine supplementation or the GGT-selective inhibitor acivicin. Recombinant HSGGT1 protein also induced proinflammatory gene expression in colon epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that H. saguini may express GGT as a potential virulence factor and supports further in vitro and in vitro studies into how GGT expression by enterohepatic Helicobacter species influences the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Mannion
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen C Artim
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kodihalli Ravindra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Ponzetto A, Figura N. Letter: proton pump inhibitors and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:1164-1165. [PMID: 30375686 DOI: 10.1111/apt.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Natale Figura
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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23
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Sundberg JP, Schofield PN. Living inside the box: environmental effects on mouse models of human disease. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm.035360. [PMID: 30194139 PMCID: PMC6215423 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.035360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the laboratory environment on animal models of human disease, particularly the mouse, has recently come under intense scrutiny regarding both the reproducibility of such environments and their ability to accurately recapitulate elements of human environmental conditions. One common objection to the use of mice in highly controlled facilities is that humans live in much more diverse and stressful environments, which affects the expression and characteristics of disease phenotypes. In this Special Article, we review some of the known effects of the laboratory environment on mouse phenotypes and compare them with environmental effects on humans that modify phenotypes or, in some cases, have driven genetic adaptation. We conclude that the 'boxes' inhabited by mice and humans have much in common, but that, when attempting to tease out the effects of environment on phenotype, a controlled and, importantly, well-characterized environment is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul N Schofield
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609-1500, USA.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
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24
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Caviglia GP, Olivero A, Rosso C, Bosco C, Ribaldone DG, Fagoonee S. Laboratory evidence of Helicobacter species infection in hepatocellular carcinoma. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.18.02428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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25
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Tripathi A, Debelius J, Brenner DA, Karin M, Loomba R, Schnabl B, Knight R. The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 15:397-411. [PMID: 29748586 PMCID: PMC6319369 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-018-0011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 129.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, an exciting realization has been that diverse liver diseases - ranging from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma - fall along a spectrum. Work on the biology of the gut-liver axis has assisted in understanding the basic biology of both alcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Of immense importance is the advancement in understanding the role of the microbiome, driven by high-throughput DNA sequencing and improved computational techniques that enable the complexity of the microbiome to be interrogated, together with improved experimental designs. Here, we review gut-liver communications in liver disease, exploring the molecular, genetic and microbiome relationships and discussing prospects for exploiting the microbiome to determine liver disease stage and to predict the effects of pharmaceutical, dietary and other interventions at a population and individual level. Although much work remains to be done in understanding the relationship between the microbiome and liver disease, rapid progress towards clinical applications is being made, especially in study designs that complement human intervention studies with mechanistic work in mice that have been humanized in multiple respects, including the genetic, immunological and microbiome characteristics of individual patients. These 'avatar mice' could be especially useful for guiding new microbiome-based or microbiome-informed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupriya Tripathi
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Justine Debelius
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - David A. Brenner
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, CA
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26
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Ponzetto A, Pérez-Pérez GI, Figura N. Role of Age and Race in the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 16:595-596. [PMID: 29555228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Natale Figura
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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27
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28
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Berntsen NL, Fosby B, Valestrand L, Tan C, Reims HM, Schrumpf E, Karlsen TH, Line PD, Melum E. Establishment of a surgical bile duct injection technique giving direct access to the bile ducts for studies of the murine biliary tree. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G349-G359. [PMID: 29212771 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00124.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiopathies are progressive disorders with largely unknown pathoetiology and limited treatment options. We aimed to develop a novel surgical technique with direct access to the bile ducts that would complement existing mouse models of cholestasis, biliary inflammation, and fibrosis and present a new route of administration for testing of potential treatment strategies. We developed a surgical technique to access the murine biliary tree by injection of different solvents through catheterization of the gall bladder with simultaneous clamping of the common bile duct. To demonstrate the applicability of the technique, we injected either phosphate-buffered saline or dimethyl sulfoxide in concentrations of 50 or 65% and compared these groups with sham-operated mice. The surgery was optimized to achieve a mortality rate close to 0. There were no significant changes in pain, activity level, or mortality from the day of the surgery until euthanization for any groups. Injection of phosphate-buffered saline or 50% dimethyl sulfoxide was generally well-tolerated, whereas 65% dimethyl sulfoxide led to higher weight loss, an increase of serum alanine transaminase, and histological portal inflammation. There were no signs of inflammation in the gut. We have developed a bile duct injection technique that is well-tolerated, easily reproducible, and that may complement existing models of cholangiopathies. Direct access to the bile ducts without causing harm to the hepatobiliary or intestinal tissue may be valuable in future studies of normal biliary physiology and different pathophysiological mechanisms of disease and to test novel therapeutic strategies. NEW & NOTEWORTHY To evaluate tolerability of the bile duct to injection of both polar and nonpolar compounds, we established a novel biliary injection technique. This technique is well-tolerated, easily reproducible, and with direct access to the bile ducts for studies of the murine biliary tree. The bile duct injection technique may complement existing animal models and be a valuable tool in future studies of normal biliary physiology or pathophysiology and to test novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Lie Berntsen
- Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Bjarte Fosby
- Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Laura Valestrand
- Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Corey Tan
- Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Henrik M Reims
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
| | - Elisabeth Schrumpf
- Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Tom Hemming Karlsen
- Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Pål-Dag Line
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Espen Melum
- Norwegian Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet , Oslo , Norway
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29
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Pott J, Kabat AM, Maloy KJ. Intestinal Epithelial Cell Autophagy Is Required to Protect against TNF-Induced Apoptosis during Chronic Colitis in Mice. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:191-202.e4. [PMID: 29358084 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have linked polymorphisms in the autophagy gene ATG16L1 with susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the cell-type-specific effects of autophagy on the regulation of chronic intestinal inflammation have not been investigated. Here, we assessed the effect of myeloid-specific or intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of Atg16l1 on chronic colitis triggered by the intestinal opportunistic pathogen Helicobacter hepaticus in mice. Although Atg16l1 deficiency in myeloid cells had little effect on disease, mice selectively lacking Atg16l1 in IECs (Atg16l1VC) developed severely exacerbated pathology, accompanied by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and increased IEC apoptosis. Using ex vivo IEC organoids, we demonstrate that autophagy intrinsically controls TNF-induced apoptosis and in vivo blockade of TNF attenuated the exacerbated pathology in Atg16l1VC mice. These findings suggest that the IBD susceptibility gene ATG16L1 and the process of autophagy within the epithelium control inflammation-induced apoptosis and barrier integrity to limit chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Pott
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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30
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Clavel T, Neto JCG, Lagkouvardos I, Ramer-Tait AE. Deciphering interactions between the gut microbiota and the immune system via microbial cultivation and minimal microbiomes. Immunol Rev 2017; 279:8-22. [PMID: 28856739 PMCID: PMC5657458 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The community of microorganisms in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, referred to as the gut microbiota, influences host physiology and immunity. The last decade of microbiome research has provided significant advancements for the field and highlighted the importance of gut microbes to states of both health and disease. Novel molecular techniques have unraveled the tremendous diversity of intestinal symbionts that potentially influence the host, many proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated causative roles of gut microbial communities in various pathologies, and microbiome-based approaches are beginning to be implemented in the clinic for diagnostic purposes or for personalized treatments. However, several challenges for the field remain: purely descriptive reports outnumbering mechanistic studies and slow translation of experimental results obtained in animal models into the clinics. Moreover, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding how gut microbes, including novel species that have yet to be identified, impact host immune responses. The sheer complexity of the gut microbial ecosystem makes it difficult, in part, to fully understand the microbiota-host networks that regulate immunity. In the present manuscript, we review key findings on the interactions between gut microbiota members and the immune system. Because culturing microbes allows performing functional studies, we have emphasized the impact of specific taxa or communities thereof. We also highlight underlying molecular mechanisms and discuss opportunities to implement minimal microbiome-based strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clavel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - João Carlos Gomes Neto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ilias Lagkouvardos
- ZIEL Institute for Food and Health, Core Facility Microbiome/NGS, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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31
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Microbiota and reproducibility of rodent models. Lab Anim (NY) 2017; 46:114-122. [PMID: 28328896 DOI: 10.1038/laban.1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota (GM) plays a critical role in human health and disease. Likewise, it is becoming increasingly evident that changes or disruptions to the GM can have significant effects on animal models and their expressed phenotypes, adding a complex and important variable into basic research and preclinical studies. In this article, we review some of the most common sources of GM variability in rodent models, and discuss measures to address this variability for improved reproducibility.
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32
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Vyshenska D, Lam KC, Shulzhenko N, Morgun A. Interplay between viruses and bacterial microbiota in cancer development. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:14-24. [PMID: 28602713 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
During the last few decades we have become accustomed to the idea that viruses can cause tumors. It is much less considered and discussed, however, that most people infected with oncoviruses will never develop cancer. Therefore, the genetic and environmental factors that tip the scales from clearance of viral infection to development of cancer are currently an area of active investigation. Microbiota has recently emerged as a potentially critical factor that would affect this balance by increasing or decreasing the ability of viral infection to promote carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide a model of microbiome contribution to the development of oncogenic viral infections and viral associated cancers, give examples of this process in human tumors, and describe the challenges that prevent progress in the field as well as their potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia Vyshenska
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 1601 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Khiem C Lam
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 1601 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Natalia Shulzhenko
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 208 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Andrey Morgun
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, 1601 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Mima K, Nakagawa S, Sawayama H, Ishimoto T, Imai K, Iwatsuki M, Hashimoto D, Baba Y, Yamashita YI, Yoshida N, Chikamoto A, Baba H. The microbiome and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:9-15. [PMID: 28527946 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal microbiome encompasses at least 100 trillion microorganisms that can influence host immunity and disease conditions, including cancer. Hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers have been associated with poor prognosis owing to their high level of tumor invasiveness, distant metastasis, and resistance to conventional treatment options, such as chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence from animal models suggests that specific microbes and microbial dysbiosis can potentiate hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumor development by damaging DNA, activating oncogenic signaling pathways, and producing tumor-promoting metabolites. Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota may influence not only the efficacy of cancer chemotherapies and novel targeted immunotherapies such as anti-CTLA4 and anti-CD274 therapies but also the occurrence of postoperative complications after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, which have been associated with tumor recurrence and worse patient survival in hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancers. Hence, a better understanding of roles of the gut microbiota in the development and progression of hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumors may open opportunities to develop new prevention and treatment strategies for patients with hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer through manipulating the gut microbiota by diet, lifestyle, antibiotics, and pro- and prebiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sawayama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takatsugu Ishimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaaki Iwatsuki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoya Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akira Chikamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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34
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Tao L, Reese TA. Making Mouse Models That Reflect Human Immune Responses. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:181-193. [PMID: 28161189 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Humans are infected with a variety of acute and chronic pathogens over the course of their lives, and pathogen-driven selection has shaped the immune system of humans. The same is likely true for mice. However, laboratory mice we use for most biomedical studies are bred in ultra-hygienic environments, and are kept free of specific pathogens. We review recent studies that indicate that pathogen infections are important for the basal level of activation and the function of the immune system. Consideration of these environmental exposures of both humans and mice can potentially improve mouse models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tao
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tiffany A Reese
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Ponzetto A, Figura N. High hepatocellular carcinoma risk among US-born Hispanics. Cancer 2017; 123:357. [PMID: 27741362 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ponzetto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Natale Figura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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36
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Hocker SE, Eshar D, Wouda RM. Rodent Oncology: Diseases, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2017; 20:111-134. [PMID: 27890286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer incidence in rodent species varies dramatically from a common occurrence in mice and rats to just a limited number of documented cases in chinchillas and degus. This article summarizes common tumors, both benign and malignant, that have been reported to occur in rodents. Outlined are clinical signs, diagnostics, and treatments that have been described for rodents presenting with specific neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Hocker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - David Eshar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Raelene M Wouda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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37
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Ponzetto A, Holton J, Vaira D. Letter: years of life that could be saved by preventing HCC. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017; 45:375-376. [PMID: 27933689 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Science, University of Turin, Torino, Italy
| | - J Holton
- National Mycobacterial Reference Unit, National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory, Abernethy Building, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, London, UK
| | - D Vaira
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Helicobacter bilis Infection Alters Mucosal Bacteria and Modulates Colitis Development in Defined Microbiota Mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:2571-2581. [PMID: 27755267 PMCID: PMC5123692 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter bilis infection of C3H/HeN mice harboring the altered Schaedler flora (ASF) triggers progressive immune responsiveness and the development of colitis. We sought to investigate temporal alterations in community structure of a defined (ASF-colonized) microbiota in normal and inflamed murine intestines and to correlate microbiota changes to histopathologic lesions. METHODS The colonic mucosal microbiota of healthy mice and ASF mice colonized with H. bilis for 3, 6, or 12 weeks were investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization targeting the 16S ribosomal RNA genes of total bacteria, group-specific organisms, and individual ASF bacterial species. Microbial profiling of ASF and H. bilis abundance was performed on cecal contents. RESULTS Helicobacter bilis-colonized mice developed colitis associated with temporal changes in composition and spatial distribution of the mucosal microbiota. The number of total bacteria, ASF519, and helicobacter-positive bacteria were increased (P < 0.05), whereas ASF360/361-positive bacteria were decreased (P < 0.05) versus controls. Adherent biofilms in colitic mice were most often (P < 0.05) composed of total bacteria, ASF457, and H. bilis. Total numbers of ASF519 and H. bilis bacteria were positively correlated (P = 0.03, r = 0.39 and P < 0.0001, r = 0.73), and total numbers of ASF360/361 bacteria were negatively correlated (P = 0.003, r = -0.53) to histopathologic score. Differences in cecal abundance of ASF members were not observed. CONCLUSIONS Altered community structure with murine colitis is characterized by distinct ASF bacteria that interact with the colonic mucosa, by formation of an isolating interlaced layer, by attachment, or by invasion, and this interaction is differentially expressed over time.
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Ponzetto A, Figura N, Holton J. Comment on 'Molecular evidence of viral DNA in non-small cell lung cancer and non-neoplastic lung'. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:e5. [PMID: 27764845 PMCID: PMC5294468 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso AM Dogliotti 14, Torino 10126, Italy
| | - Natale Figura
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological Science, University Siena, viale Bracci 16, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - John Holton
- Mycobacterial Reference Unit, National Mycobacterium Reference Laboratory (NMRL), Abernethy Building, Institute of Cell and Molecular Science (ICMS), 2 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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40
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Boutin SR, Rogers AB, Shen Z, Fry RC, Love JA, Nambiar PR, Suerbaum S, Fox JG. Hepatic Temporal Gene Expression Profiling in Helicobacter hepaticus-Infected A/JCr Mice. Toxicol Pathol 2016; 32:678-93. [PMID: 15513911 DOI: 10.1080/01926230490524058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter hepaticus infection of A/JCr mice is a model of infectious liver cancer. We monitored hepatic global gene expression profiles in H. hepaticus infected and control male A/JCr mice at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of age using an Affymetrix-based oligonucleotide microarray platform on the premise that a specific genetic expression signature at isolated time points would be indicative of disease status. Model based expression index comparisons generated by dChip yielded consistent profiles of differential gene expression for H. hepaticus infected male mice with progressive liver disease versus uninfected control mice within each age group. Linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis allowed segregation of mice based on combined age and lesion status, or age alone. Up-regulation of putative tumor markers correlated with advancing hepatocellular dysplasia. Transcriptionally down-regulated genes in mice with liver lesions included those related to peroxisome proliferator, fatty acid, and steroid metabolism pathways. In conclusion, transcriptional profiling of hepatic genes documented gene expression signatures in the livers of H. hepaticus infected male A/JCr mice with chronic progressive hepatitis and preneoplastic liver lesions, complemented the histopathological diagnosis, and suggested molecular targets for the monitoring and intervention of disease progression prior to the onset of hepatocellular neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Boutin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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41
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Woods SE, Ek C, Shen Z, Feng Y, Ge Z, Muthupalani S, Whary MT, Fox JG. Male Syrian Hamsters Experimentally Infected with Helicobacter spp. of the H. bilis Cluster Develop MALT-Associated Gastrointestinal Lymphomas. Helicobacter 2016; 21:201-17. [PMID: 26348390 PMCID: PMC4783298 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aged hamsters naturally infected with novel Helicobacter spp. classified in the H. bilis cluster develop hepatobiliary lesions and typhlocolitis. METHODS To determine whether enterohepatic H. spp. contribute to disease, Helicobacter-free hamsters were experimentally infected with H. spp. after suppression of intestinal bacteria by tetracycline treatment of dams and pups. After antibiotic withdrawal, weanlings were gavaged with four H. bilis-like Helicobacter spp. isolated from hamsters or H. bilis ATCC 43879 isolated from human feces and compared to controls (n = 7 per group). RESULTS Helicobacter bilis 43879-dosed hamsters were necropsied at 33 weeks postinfection (WPI) due to the lack of detectable infection by fecal PCR; at necropsy, 5 of 7 were weakly PCR positive but lacked intestinal lesions. The remaining hamsters were maintained for ~95 WPI; chronic H. spp. infection in hamsters (6/7) was confirmed by PCR, bacterial culture, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and ELISA. Hamsters had mild-to-moderate typhlitis, and three of the male H. spp.-infected hamsters developed small intestinal lymphoma, in contrast to one control. Of the three lymphomas in H. spp.-infected hamsters, one was a focal ileal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) B-cell lymphoma, while the other two were multicentric small intestinal large B-cell lymphomas involving both the MALT and extra-MALT mucosal sites with lymphoepithelial lesions. The lymphoma in the control hamster was a diffuse small intestinal lymphoma with a mixed population of T and B cells. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest persistent H. spp. infection may augment risk for gastrointestinal MALT origin lymphomas. This model is consistent with H. pylori/heilmannii-associated MALT lymphoma in humans and could be further utilized to investigate the mechanisms of intestinal lymphoma development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Woods
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Courtney Ek
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark T Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Miller CL, Muthupalani S, Shen Z, Drees F, Ge Z, Feng Y, Chen X, Gong G, Nagar KK, Wang TC, Gertler FB, Fox JG. Lamellipodin-Deficient Mice: A Model of Rectal Carcinoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152940. [PMID: 27045955 PMCID: PMC4821566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During a survey of clinical rectal prolapse (RP) cases in the mouse population at MIT animal research facilities, a high incidence of RP in the lamellipodin knock-out strain, C57BL/6-Raph1tm1Fbg (Lpd-/-) was documented. Upon further investigation, the Lpd-/- colony was found to be infected with multiple endemic enterohepatic Helicobacter species (EHS). Lpd-/- mice, a transgenic mouse strain produced at MIT, have not previously shown a distinct immune phenotype and are not highly susceptible to other opportunistic infections. Predominantly male Lpd-/- mice with RP exhibited lesions consistent with invasive rectal carcinoma concomitant to clinically evident RP. Multiple inflammatory cytokines, CD11b+Gr1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) populations, and epithelial cells positive for a DNA damage biomarker, H2AX, were elevated in affected tissue, supporting their role in the neoplastic process. An evaluation of Lpd-/- mice with RP compared to EHS-infected, but clinically normal (CN) Lpd-/- animals indicated that all of these mice exhibit some degree of lower bowel inflammation; however, mice with prolapses had significantly higher degree of focal lesions at the colo-rectal junction. When Helicobacter spp. infections were eliminated in Lpd-/- mice by embryo transfer rederivation, the disease phenotype was abrogated, implicating EHS as a contributing factor in the development of rectal carcinoma. Here we describe lesions in Lpd-/- male mice consistent with a focal inflammation-induced neoplastic transformation and propose this strain as a mouse model of rectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L. Miller
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Frauke Drees
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Yan Feng
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Guanyu Gong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Karan K. Nagar
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Frank B. Gertler
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Sundberg JP, Berndt A, Sundberg BA, Silva KA, Kennedy V, Smith RS, Cooper TK, Schofield PN. Approaches to Investigating Complex Genetic Traits in a Large-Scale Inbred Mouse Aging Study. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:456-67. [PMID: 26936752 PMCID: PMC5297262 DOI: 10.1177/0300985815612556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inbred mice are a unique model system for studying aging because of the genetic homogeneity within inbred strains, the short life span of mice relative to humans, and the rich array of analytic tools that are available. A large-scale aging study was conducted on 28 inbred strains representing great genetic diversity to determine, via histopathology, the type and diversity of spontaneous diseases that aging mice develop. A total of 20 885 different diagnoses were made, with an average of 12 diagnoses per mouse in the study. Eighteen inbred strains have had their genomes sequenced, and many others have been partially sequenced to provide large repositories of data on genetic variation among the strains. This vast amount of genomic information can be utilized in genome-wide association studies to find candidate genes that are involved in the pathogenesis of spontaneous diseases. As an illustration, this article presents a genome-wide association study of the genetic associations of age-related intestinal amyloidosis, which implicated 3 candidate genes: translocating chain-associated membrane protein 1 (Tram1); splicing factor 3b, subunit 5 (Sf3b5); and syntaxin 11 (Stx11). Representative photomicrographs are available on the Mouse Tumor Biology Database and Pathbase to serve as a reference when evaluating inbred mice used in other genetic or experimental studies to rule out strain background lesions. Many of the age-related mouse diseases are similar, if not identical, to human diseases; therefore, the genetic discoveries have direct translational benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Berndt
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - K A Silva
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - V Kennedy
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - R S Smith
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - T K Cooper
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - P N Schofield
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Péré-Védrenne C, Cardinaud B, Varon C, Mocan I, Buissonnière A, Izotte J, Mégraud F, Ménard A. The Cytolethal Distending Toxin Subunit CdtB of Helicobacter Induces a Th17-related and Antimicrobial Signature in Intestinal and Hepatic Cells In Vitro. J Infect Dis 2016; 213:1979-89. [PMID: 26908757 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohepatic Helicobacter species are associated with several digestive diseases. Helicobacter pullorum is an emerging human foodborne pathogen, and Helicobacter hepaticus is a mouse pathogen; both species are associated with intestinal and/or hepatic diseases. They possess virulence factors, such as cytolethal distending toxin (CDT). Data indicate that CDT may be involved in chronic inflammatory responses, via its active subunit, CdtB. The proinflammatory properties of the CdtB of H. pullorum and H. hepaticus were assessed on human intestinal and hepatic epithelial cells in vitro. Interleukin 8 expression was evaluated by using wild-type strains and their corresponding CdtB isogenic mutants and by delivering CdtB directly into the cells. Nuclear factor κB nuclear translocation and transcriptomic characteristics in response to CdtB were also evaluated. The CdtB of these Helicobacter species induced nuclear factor κB nuclear translocation and exhibited proinflammatory properties, mainly the expression of T-helper type 17-related genes and genes encoding antimicrobial products also involved in cancer. The Histidine residue in position 265 of the CdtB catalytic site appeared to play a role in the regulation of most of these genes. As for flagellin or lipopolysaccharides, CdtB also induced expression of inflammation-associated genes related to antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Péré-Védrenne
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, UMR1053 INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn
| | - Bruno Cardinaud
- Université de Bordeaux, Biothérapies des maladies génétiques et cancers, INSERM U1035 Bordeaux Institut National Polytechnique, France
| | - Christine Varon
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, UMR1053 INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn
| | - Iulia Mocan
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, UMR1053 INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn
| | - Alice Buissonnière
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, UMR1053 INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn
| | - Julien Izotte
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, UMR1053 INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn
| | - Francis Mégraud
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, UMR1053 INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn
| | - Armelle Ménard
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de bactériologie, UMR1053 INSERM UMR1053, Bordeaux Research in Translational Oncology, BaRITOn
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Jiminez JA, Uwiera TC, Douglas Inglis G, Uwiera RRE. Animal models to study acute and chronic intestinal inflammation in mammals. Gut Pathog 2015; 7:29. [PMID: 26561503 PMCID: PMC4641401 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-015-0076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine impart a significant and negative impact on the health and well-being of human and non-human mammalian animals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of inflammatory disease is mandatory to develop effective treatment and prevention strategies. As inflammatory disease etiologies are multifactorial, the use of appropriate animal models and associated metrics of disease are essential. In this regard, animal models used alone or in combination to study acute and chronic inflammatory disease of the mammalian intestine paired with commonly used inflammation-inducing agents are reviewed. This includes both chemical and biological incitants of inflammation, and both non-mammalian (i.e. nematodes, insects, and fish) and mammalian (i.e. rodents, rabbits, pigs, ruminants, dogs, and non-human primates) models of intestinal inflammation including germ-free, gnotobiotic, as well as surgical, and genetically modified animals. Importantly, chemical and biological incitants induce inflammation via a multitude of mechanisms, and intestinal inflammation and injury can vary greatly according to the incitant and animal model used, allowing studies to ascertain both long-term and short-term effects of inflammation. Thus, researchers and clinicians should be aware of the relative strengths and limitations of the various animal models used to study acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the mammalian intestine, and the scope and relevance of outcomes achievable based on this knowledge. The ability to induce inflammation to mimic common human diseases is an important factor of a successful animal model, however other mechanisms of disease such as the amount of infective agent to induce disease, invasion mechanisms, and the effect various physiologic changes can have on inducing damage are also important features. In many cases, the use of multiple animal models in combination with both chemical and biological incitants is necessary to answer the specific question being addressed regarding intestinal disease. Some incitants can induce acute responses in certain animal models while others can be used to induce chronic responses; this review aims to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses in each animal model and to guide the choice of an appropriate acute or chronic incitant to facilitate intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle A. Jiminez
- />Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB Canada
- />Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Trina C. Uwiera
- />Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - G. Douglas Inglis
- />Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB Canada
| | - Richard R. E. Uwiera
- />Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
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Chang SS, Hu HY. Helicobacter pylori: Effect of coexisting diseases and update on treatment regimens. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2015; 6:127-136. [PMID: 26558147 PMCID: PMC4635153 DOI: 10.4292/wjgpt.v6.i4.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of concomitant diseases is an independent predictive factor for non-Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) peptic ulcers. Patients contracting concomitant diseases have an increased risk of developing ulcer disease through pathogenic mechanisms distinct from those of H. pylori infections. Factors other than H. pylori seem critical in peptic ulcer recurrence in end stage renal disease (ESRD) and cirrhotic patients. However, early H. pylori eradication is associated with a reduced risk of recurrent complicated peptic ulcers in patients with ESRD and liver cirrhosis. Resistances to triple therapy are currently detected using culture-based and molecular methods. Culture susceptibility testing before first- or second-line therapy is unadvisable. Using highly effective empiric first-line and rescue regimens can yield acceptable results. Sequential therapy has been included in a recent consensus report as a valid first-line option for eradicating H. pylori in geographic regions with high clarithromycin resistance. Two novel eradication regimens, namely concomitant and hybrid therapy, have proven more effective in patients with dual- (clarithromycin- and metronidazole-) resistant H. pylori strains. We aim to review the prevalence of and eradication therapy for H. pylori infection in patients with ESRD and cirrhosis. Moreover, we summarized the updated H. pylori eradication regimens.
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Yamanaka H, Nakanishi T, Takagi T, Ohsawa M, Kubo N, Yamamoto N, Takemoto T, Ohsawa K. Helicobacter sp. MIT 01-6451 infection during fetal and neonatal life in laboratory mice. Exp Anim 2015; 64:375-82. [PMID: 26134357 PMCID: PMC4637374 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.15-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter sp. MIT 01-6451 has been detected in SPF mice kept in
Japan. To characterize strain MIT 01-6451, its infection route during fetal and neonatal
life and effects on pregnancy were investigated using immunocompetent and immunodeficient
mouse strains (BALB/c, C57BL/6, and SCID). MIT 01-6451 was detected in the uterus, vagina,
and mammary glands of 50% of infected SCID mice, whereas these tissues were all negative
in immunocompetent mice. No fetal infections with MIT 01-6451 were detected at 16–18 days
after pregnancy in any mouse strain. In newborn mice, MIT 01-6451 was detected in
intestinal tissue of C57BL/6 and SCID mice at 9–11 days after birth, but not in BALB/c
mice. The IgA and IgG titers to MIT 01-6451 in sera of C57BL/6 female mice were
significantly lower than those of BALB/c mice. Although no significant differences in the
number of newborns per litter were observed between MIT 01-6451-infected and MIT
01-6451-free dams, the birth rate was lower in infected SCID mice than in control SCID
mice. The present results indicated that MIT 01-6451 infects newborn mice after birth
rather than by vertical transmission to the fetus via the placenta and that MIT 01-6451
infection shows opportunistically negative effects on the birth rate. In addition, the
maternal immune response may affect infection of newborn mice with MIT 01-6451 through
breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoki Yamanaka
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Center for Frontier Life Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Comparison of three diagnostic assays for the identification of Helicobacter spp. in laboratory dogs. Lab Anim Res 2015; 31:86-92. [PMID: 26155203 PMCID: PMC4490150 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2015.31.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of Helicobacter species may confound experimental data because of their association with disease progressing in various kinds of laboratory animals. Screening of Helicobacter species is particularly desirable, because they are prevalent in commercial and research animal facilities. The aim of the present study was to compare three diagnostic methods [e.g. Helicobacter stool antigen kit (HpSA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid urease test (RUT)] for the identification of Helicobacter spp. in stools or gastric biopsy specimens collected from eight dogs suffering from gastritis. The gastroscopic biopsy specimens were tested using RUT and PCR, while stool specimens were evaluated using both HpSA and PCR. DNAs from the gastric biopsies and stool specimens were analyzed by both a consensus PCR that amplified the RNA polymerase beta-subunit-coding gene (rpoB) of Helicobacter spp. and a species-specific PCR to amplify the urease B gene of Helicobacter heilmannii, Helicobacter pylori, and Helicobacter felis. Helicobacter spp. were detected in 62.5% of the dogs, while H. heilmannii and H. felis were identified in 37.5 and 25% of the dogs, respectively. The HpSA did not efficiently detect Helicobacter spp. in the stool samples compared to the RUT and PCR assays, both of which successfully detected Helicobacter spp. in the two sample types. Finally, we recommend that consensus PCR with stool specimens could be used before the species-specific PCR for identifying Helicobacter species in laboratory dogs.
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Segura-López FK, Avilés-Jiménez F, Güitrón-Cantú A, Valdéz-Salazar HA, León-Carballo S, Guerrero-Pérez L, Fox JG, Torres J. Infection with Helicobacter bilis but not Helicobacter hepaticus was Associated with Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Helicobacter 2015; 20:223-30. [PMID: 25582431 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The biliary tract cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represents the sixth leading cause of gastrointestinal tumors in the Western world, and mortality varies across the world, with regions such as Chile, Thailand, Japan, and northeastern India presenting the highest rates. CCA may develop in the bile duct, gallbladder, or ampulla of Vater; and risk factors include obesity, parity, genetic background, geographical and environmental factors. Inflammation induced by bacterial infections might play a role in the pathogenesis of CCA. In this work, we investigated whether there is an association between extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECCA) and infection with S. typhi, H. hepaticus, or H. bilis in a Mexican population. METHODS A total of 194 patients were included and divided into 91 patients with benign biliary pathology (controls) and 103 with ECCA (cases). Tumor samples were taken during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography by biliary brushing, followed by DNA extraction and PCR testing for infections. RESULTS We found that 44/103 cases were positive for H. bilis, compared with 19/91 controls (p = 0.002; OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.49-5.32), and when analyzed by sub-site, H. bilis infection was significantly more associated with cancer in the common bile duct (p = 0.0005; OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.77-7.17). In contrast, H. hepaticus infection was not different between cases (17/103) and controls (13/91) (p = 0.82; OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.54-2.60). None of the samples were positive for S. typhi infection. CONCLUSION In conclusion, infection with H. bilis but neither H. Hepaticus nor S. typhi was significantly associated with ECCA, particularly with tumors located in the common bile duct.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francisco Avilés-Jiménez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, México City, DF, México
| | | | - Hilda A Valdéz-Salazar
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, México City, DF, México
| | - Samuel León-Carballo
- Departamento de Endoscopía Digestiva, ISSSTECH, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México
| | | | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Javier Torres
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, UMAE Pediatría, IMSS, México City, DF, México
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Segura-López FK, Güitrón-Cantú A, Torres J. Association between Helicobacter spp. infections and hepatobiliary malignancies: a review. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:1414-23. [PMID: 25663761 PMCID: PMC4316084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i5.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers are highly lethal cancers that comprise a spectrum of invasive carcinomas originating in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma, the bile ducts intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, the gallbladder and the ampulla of Vater (collectively known as biliary tract cancers). These tumors account for approximately 13% of all annual cancer-related deaths worldwide and for 10%-20% of deaths from hepatobiliary malignancies. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a devastating disease that displays a poor survival rate for which few therapeutic options are available. Population genetics, geographical and environmental factors, cholelithiasis, obesity, parity, and endemic infection with liver flukes have been identified as risk factors that influence the development of biliary tract tumors. Other important factors affecting the carcinogenesis of these tumors include chronic inflammation, obstruction of the bile ducts, and impaired bile flow. It has been suggested that CCA is caused by infection with Helicobacter species, such as Helicobacter bilis and Helicobacter hepaticus, in a manner that is similar to the reported role of Helicobacter pylori in distal gastric cancer. Due to the difficulty in culturing these Helicobacter species, molecular methods, such as polymerase chain reaction and sequencing, or immunologic assays have become the methods of choice for diagnosis. However, clinical studies of benign or malignant biliary tract diseases revealed remarkable variability in the methods and the findings, and the use of uniform and validated techniques is needed.
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