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Zhu Z, Krall L, Li Z, Xi L, Luo H, Li S, He M, Yang X, Zan H, Gilbert M, Gombos S, Wang T, Neuhäuser B, Jacquot A, Lejay L, Zhang J, Liu J, Schulze WX, Wu XN. Transceptor NRT1.1 and receptor-kinase QSK1 complex controls PM H +-ATPase activity under low nitrate. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1479-1491.e6. [PMID: 38490203 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
NRT1.1, a nitrate transceptor, plays an important role in nitrate binding, sensing, and nitrate-dependent lateral root (LR) morphology. However, little is known about NRT1.1-mediated nitrate signaling transduction through plasma membrane (PM)-localized proteins. Through in-depth phosphoproteome profiling using membranes of Arabidopsis roots, we identified receptor kinase QSK1 and plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA2 as potential downstream components of NRT1.1 signaling in a mild low-nitrate (LN)-dependent manner. QSK1, as a functional kinase and molecular link, physically interacts with NRT1.1 and AHA2 at LN and specifically phosphorylates AHA2 at S899. Importantly, we found that LN, not high nitrate (HN), induces formation of the NRT1.1-QSK1-AHA2 complex in order to repress the proton efflux into the apoplast by increased phosphorylation of AHA2 at S899. Loss of either NRT1.1 or QSK1 thus results in a higher T947/S899 phosphorylation ratio on AHA2, leading to enhanced pump activity and longer LRs under LN. Our results uncover a regulatory mechanism in which NRT1.1, under LN conditions, promotes coreceptor QSK1 phosphorylation and enhances the NRT1.1-QSK1 complex formation to transduce LN sensing to the PM H+-ATPase AHA2, controlling the phosphorylation ratio of activating and inhibitory phosphorylation sites on AHA2. This then results in altered proton pump activity, apoplast acidification, and regulation of NRT1.1-mediated LR growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Leonard Krall
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lin Xi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hongxiu Luo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shalan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mingjie He
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haitao Zan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Max Gilbert
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sven Gombos
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aurore Jacquot
- IPSiM, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurence Lejay
- IPSiM, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junzhong Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Xu Na Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Cell Metabolism and Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Center for Life Science and School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.
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Li Z, Na Wu X, Jacquot A, Chaput V, Adamo M, Neuhäuser B, Straub T, Lejay L, Schulze WX. Phosphoregulation in the N-terminus of NRT2.1 affects nitrate uptake by controlling the interaction of NRT2.1 with NAR2.1 and kinase HPCAL1 in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2127-2142. [PMID: 38066636 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
NRT2.1, the major high affinity nitrate transporter in roots, can be phosphorylated at five different sites within the N- and the C-terminus. Here, we characterized the functional relationship of two N-terminal phosphorylation sites, S21 and S28, in Arabidopsis. Based on a site-specific correlation network, we identified a receptor kinase (HPCAL1, AT5G49770), phosphorylating NRT2.1 at S21 and resulting in active nitrate uptake. HPCAL1 itself was regulated by phosphorylation at S839 and S870 within its kinase domain. In the active state, when S839 was dephosphorylated and S870 was phosphorylated, HPCAL1 was found to interact with the N-terminus of NRT2.1, mainly when S28 was dephosphorylated. Phosphorylation of NRT2.1 at S21 resulted in a reduced interaction of NRT2.1 with its activator NAR2.1, but nitrate transport activity remained. By contrast, phosphorylated NRT2.1 at S28 enhanced the interaction with NAR2.1, but reduced the interaction with HPCAL1. Here we identified HPCAL1 as the kinase affecting this phospho-switch through phosphorylation of NRT2.1 at S21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xu Na Wu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aurore Jacquot
- BPMP, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Valentin Chaput
- BPMP, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Mattia Adamo
- BPMP, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Straub
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Laurence Lejay
- BPMP, University Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, D-70593, Stuttgart, Germany
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Yang X, Xu F, Pan W, Zhang W, Liao H, Zhu B, Xu B, Chen X, Yang H. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of High- and Low-Growth Genotypes of Eucalyptus urophylla in Response to Long-Term Nitrogen Deficiency. Genes (Basel) 2023; 15:60. [PMID: 38254950 PMCID: PMC10815775 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrients play important roles in the growth and development of most plant species. However, in perennial trees, the function of nutrients in different genotypes is poorly understood. Three different nutrient levels (low, sufficient, and high nutrient levels) were applied to two contrasting Eucalyptus urophylla cultivars (a high-growth cultivar ZQUA44 and a low-growth cultivar ZQUB15), and growth and expression levels were analyzed. Although the growth traits of both genotypes under nutrient starvation treatment were much lower than under abundant nutrients, tree height, crown width, and biomass of different ZQUA44 tissues were much higher than those of ZQUB15 at all three nutrient levels. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) clustered into six subclusters based on their expression patterns, and functional annotation showed that the DEGs involved in glutathione metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis may be responsible for nutrient starvation across different genotypes, while the DEGs involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism may have a range of functions in different genotypes. The DEGs encoding the MYB-related family may be responsible for nutrient deficiency in all genotypes, while B3 may have different functions in different genotypes. Our results demonstrate that different genotypes may form different pathways to coordinate plant survival when they face abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Fang Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Wen Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huanqin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Baozhu Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
| | - Huixiao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China; (X.Y.); (F.X.); (W.P.); (W.Z.); (H.L.); (B.X.); (X.C.)
- Guangdong Academy of Forestry, No. 233, Guangshan First Road, Guangzhou 510520, China
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Cao H, Liu Q, Liu X, Ma Z, Zhang J, Li X, Shen L, Yuan J, Zhang Q. Phosphatidic acid regulates ammonium uptake by interacting with AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER 1;1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1954-1969. [PMID: 37471275 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is a key inorganic nitrogen source in cellular amino acid biosynthesis. The coupling of transcriptional and posttranslational regulation of AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER (AMT) ensures that NH4+ acquisition by plant roots is properly balanced, which allows for rapid adaptation to a variety of nitrogen conditions. Here, we report that phospholipase D (PLD)-derived phosphatidic acid (PA) interacts with AMT1;1 to mediate NH4+ uptake in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We examined pldα1 pldδ-knockout mutants and found that a reduced PA level increased seedling growth under nitrogen deficiency and inhibited root growth upon NH4+ stress, which was consistent with the enhanced accumulation of cellular NH4+. PA directly bound to AMT1;1 and inhibited its transport activity. Mutation of AMT1;1 R487 to Gly (R487G) resulted in abolition of PA suppression and, subsequently, enhancement of ammonium transport activity in vitro and in vivo. Observations of AMT1;1-GFP showed suppressed endocytosis under PLD deficiency or by mutation of the PA-binding site in AMT1;1. Endocytosis was rescued by PA in the pldα1 pldδ mutant but not in the mutant AMT1;1R487G-GFP line. Together, these findings demonstrated PA-based shutoff control of plant NH4+ transport and point to a broader paradigm of lipid-transporter function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaokun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jixiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuebing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Like Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jingya Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Scholz SS, Barth E, Clément G, Marmagne A, Ludwig-Müller J, Sakakibara H, Kiba T, Vicente-Carbajosa J, Pollmann S, Krapp A, Oelmüller R. The Root-Colonizing Endophyte Piriformospora indica Supports Nitrogen-Starved Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings with Nitrogen Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15372. [PMID: 37895051 PMCID: PMC10607921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The root-colonizing endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica promotes the root and shoot growth of its host plants. We show that the growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves is abolished when the seedlings are grown on media with nitrogen (N) limitation. The fungus neither stimulated the total N content nor did it promote 15NO3- uptake from agar plates to the leaves of the host under N-sufficient or N-limiting conditions. However, when the roots were co-cultivated with 15N-labelled P. indica, more labels were detected in the leaves of N-starved host plants but not in plants supplied with sufficient N. Amino acid and primary metabolite profiles, as well as the expression analyses of N metabolite transporter genes suggest that the fungus alleviates the adaptation of its host from the N limitation condition. P. indica alters the expression of transporter genes, which participate in the relocation of NO3-, NH4+ and N metabolites from the roots to the leaves under N limitation. We propose that P. indica participates in the plant's metabolomic adaptation against N limitation by delivering reduced N metabolites to the host, thus alleviating metabolic N starvation responses and reprogramming the expression of N metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra S. Scholz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Emanuel Barth
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Gilles Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anne Marmagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, 01217 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Takatoshi Kiba
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; (H.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotechnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (S.P.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Pollmann
- Centro de Biotechnología y Genómica de Plantas, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentación (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.-C.); (S.P.)
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Krapp
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France (A.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Ralf Oelmüller
- Department of Plant Physiology, Matthias-Schleiden-Institute, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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Zhang W, Ni K, Long L, Ruan J. Nitrogen transport and assimilation in tea plant ( Camellia sinensis): a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1249202. [PMID: 37810380 PMCID: PMC10556680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrients for tea plants, as it contributes significantly to tea yield and serves as the component of amino acids, which in turn affects the quality of tea produced. To achieve higher yields, excessive amounts of N fertilizers mainly in the form of urea have been applied in tea plantations where N fertilizer is prone to convert to nitrate and be lost by leaching in the acid soils. This usually results in elevated costs and environmental pollution. A comprehensive understanding of N metabolism in tea plants and the underlying mechanisms is necessary to identify the key regulators, characterize the functional phenotypes, and finally improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Tea plants absorb and utilize ammonium as the preferred N source, thus a large amount of nitrate remains activated in soils. The improvement of nitrate utilization by tea plants is going to be an alternative aspect for NUE with great potentiality. In the process of N assimilation, nitrate is reduced to ammonium and subsequently derived to the GS-GOGAT pathway, involving the participation of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Additionally, theanine, a unique amino acid responsible for umami taste, is biosynthesized by the catalysis of theanine synthetase (TS). In this review, we summarize what is known about the regulation and functioning of the enzymes and transporters implicated in N acquisition and metabolism in tea plants and the current methods for assessing NUE in this species. The challenges and prospects to expand our knowledge on N metabolism and related molecular mechanisms in tea plants which could be a model for woody perennial plant used for vegetative harvest are also discussed to provide the theoretical basis for future research to assess NUE traits more precisely among the vast germplasm resources, thus achieving NUE improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lizhi Long
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianyun Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Xihu National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Hangzhou, China
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Choi SJ, Lee Z, Jeong E, Kim S, Seo JS, Um T, Shim JS. Signaling pathways underlying nitrogen transport and metabolism in plants. BMB Rep 2023; 56:56-64. [PMID: 36658636 PMCID: PMC9978367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient required for plant growth and crop production. However, N in soil is usually insufficient for plant growth. Thus, chemical N fertilizer has been extensively used to increase crop production. Due to negative effects of N rich fertilizer on the environment, improving N usage has been a major issue in the field of plant science to achieve sustainable production of crops. For that reason, many efforts have been made to elucidate how plants regulate N uptake and utilization according to their surrounding habitat over the last 30 years. Here, we provide recent advances focusing on regulation of N uptake, allocation of N by N transporting system, and signaling pathway controlling N responses in plants. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(2): 56-64].
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jeong Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Zion Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Eui Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sohyun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Seo
- Crop Biotechnology Institute, Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Korea
| | - Taeyoung Um
- Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Shim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea,Corresponding author. Tel: +82-62-530-0507; Fax: +82-62-530-2199; E-mail:
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8
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Nazir F, Mahajan M, Khatoon S, Albaqami M, Ashfaque F, Chhillar H, Chopra P, Khan MIR. Sustaining nitrogen dynamics: A critical aspect for improving salt tolerance in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087946. [PMID: 36909406 PMCID: PMC9996754 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the current changing environment, salt stress has become a major concern for plant growth and food production worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms of how plants function in saline environments is critical for initiating efforts to mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress. Agricultural productivity is linked to nutrient availability, and it is expected that the judicious metabolism of mineral nutrients has a positive impact on alleviating salt-induced losses in crop plants. Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient that contributes significantly to sustainable agriculture by maintaining productivity and plant growth in both optimal and stressful environments. Significant progress has been made in comprehending the fundamental physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with N-mediated plant responses to salt stress. This review provided an (a) overview of N-sensing, transportation, and assimilation in plants; (b) assess the salt stress-mediated regulation of N dynamics and nitrogen use- efficiency; (c) critically appraise the role of N in plants exposed to salt stress. Furthermore, the existing but less explored crosstalk between N and phytohormones has been discussed that may be utilized to gain a better understanding of plant adaptive responses to salt stress. In addition, the shade of a small beam of light on the manipulation of N dynamics through genetic engineering with an aim of developing salt-tolerant plants is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faroza Nazir
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Moksh Mahajan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farha Ashfaque
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Kishchenko O, Stepanenko A, Straub T, Zhou Y, Neuhäuser B, Borisjuk N. Ammonium Uptake, Mediated by Ammonium Transporters, Mitigates Manganese Toxicity in Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12010208. [PMID: 36616338 PMCID: PMC9824425 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient that affects all aspects of the growth, development and metabolic responses of plants. Here we investigated the influence of the two major sources of inorganic nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium, on the toxicity caused by excess of Mn in great duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza. The revealed alleviating effect of ammonium on Mn-mediated toxicity, was complemented by detailed molecular, biochemical and evolutionary characterization of the species ammonium transporters (AMTs). Four genes encoding AMTs in S. polyrhiza, were classified as SpAMT1;1, SpAMT1;2, SpAMT1;3 and SpAMT2. Functional testing of the expressed proteins in yeast and Xenopus oocytes clearly demonstrated activity of SpAMT1;1 and SpAMT1;3 in transporting ammonium. Transcripts of all SpAMT genes were detected in duckweed fronds grown in cultivation medium, containing a physiological or 50-fold elevated concentration of Mn at the background of nitrogen or a mixture of nitrate and ammonium. Each gene demonstrated an individual expression pattern, revealed by RT-qPCR. Revealing the mitigating effect of ammonium uptake on manganese toxicity in aquatic duckweed S. polyrhiza, the study presents a comprehensive analysis of the transporters involved in the uptake of ammonium, shedding a new light on the interactions between the mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity and the regulation of the plant nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Kishchenko
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotnogo Str. 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anton Stepanenko
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), 06466 Gatersleben, Germany
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Acad. Zabolotnogo Str. 148, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tatsiana Straub
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nikolai Borisjuk
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regional Modern Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, West Changjiang Road 111, Huai’an 223000, China
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10
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Zhao R, Cao Y, Ge Y, Xu J, Li R, Yang M, Chen Y, Wu D, Xiao J, Li R. Single-Molecule and Vesicle Trafficking Analysis of Ubiquitination Involved in the Activity of Ammonium Transporter AMT1;3 in Arbidopsis under High Ammonium Stress. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223651. [PMID: 36429077 PMCID: PMC9688738 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants absorb nitrogen from the soil using ammonium transporters (AMTs). Plants can precisely regulate AMT1;3 levels using sophisticated regulatory systems, ensuring adequate nitrogen uptake without hazardous ammonium production. Here, we demonstrated that ubiquitylation can contribute to AMT1;3 degradation under high ammonium stress. Using the ubiquitin site mutant AMT1;3K75R,K233R-EGFP, we demonstrated that the loss of ubiquitination affects the dynamic characteristics of AMT1;3 proteins on the plasma membrane and markedly inhibits the endocytosis of AMT1;3 proteins under high ammonium stress. AMT1;3K75R,K233R-EGFP plants also showed inhibition of protein degradation that targets the vesicular pathway after being exposed to high levels of ammonium. Our findings showed that the dynamic properties, endocytosis, and vesicle trafficking pathways of AMT1;3 proteins are altered in AMT1;3K75R,K233R-EGFP under high ammonium conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yangyang Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Shijiazhuang Zhonghua Avenue Primary School, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Yanrui Ge
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruofan Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mei Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dingjie Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianwei Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ruili Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Wang J, Xi L, Wu XN, König S, Rohr L, Neumann T, Weber J, Harter K, Schulze WX. PEP7 acts as a peptide ligand for the receptor kinase SIRK1 to regulate aquaporin-mediated water influx and lateral root growth. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1615-1631. [PMID: 36131543 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptors constitute a large protein family that regulates various aspects of development and responses to external cues. Functional characterization of this protein family and the identification of their ligands remain major challenges in plant biology. Previously, we identified plasma membrane-intrinsic sucrose-induced receptor kinase 1 (SIRK1) and Qian Shou kinase 1 (QSK1) as receptor/co-receptor pair involved in the regulation of aquaporins in response to osmotic conditions induced by sucrose. In this study, we identified a member of the elicitor peptide (PEP) family, namely PEP7, as the specific ligand of th receptor kinase SIRK1. PEP7 binds to the extracellular domain of SIRK1 with a binding constant of 1.44 ± 0.79 μM and is secreted to the apoplasm specifically in response to sucrose treatment. Stabilization of a signaling complex involving SIRK1, QSK1, and aquaporins as substrates is mediated by alterations in the external sucrose concentration or by PEP7 application. Moreover, the presence of PEP7 induces the phosphorylation of aquaporins in vivo and enhances water influx into protoplasts. Disturbed water influx, in turn, led to delayed lateral root development in the pep7 mutant. The loss-of-function mutant of SIRK1 is not responsive to external PEP7 treatment regarding kinase activity, aquaporin phosphorylation, water influx activity, and lateral root development. Taken together, our data indicate that the PEP7/SIRK1/QSK1 complex represents a crucial perception and response module that mediates sucrose-controlled water flux in plants and lateral root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Wang
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Lin Xi
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xu Na Wu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany; School of Life Science, Center for Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650091 Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefanie König
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leander Rohr
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresia Neumann
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Weber
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Harter
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
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12
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Ganz P, Porras-Murillo R, Ijato T, Menz J, Straub T, Stührwohldt N, Moradtalab N, Ludewig U, Neuhäuser B. Abscisic acid influences ammonium transport via regulation of kinase CIPK23 and ammonium transporters. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 190:1275-1288. [PMID: 35762968 PMCID: PMC9516733 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium uptake at plant roots is regulated at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels. Phosphorylation by the protein kinase calcineurin B-like protein (CBL)-interacting protein kinase 23 (CIPK23) transiently inactivates ammonium transporters (AMT1s), but the phosphatases activating AMT1s remain unknown. Here, we identified the PP2C phosphatase abscisic acid (ABA) insensitive 1 (ABI1) as an activator of AMT1s in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We showed that high external ammonium concentrations elevate the level of the stress phytohormone ABA, possibly by de-glycosylation. Active ABA was sensed by ABI1-PYR1-like () complexes followed by the inactivation of ABI1, in turn activating CIPK23. Under favorable growth conditions, ABI1 reduced AMT1;1 and AMT1;2 phosphorylation, both by binding and inactivating CIPK23. ABI1 further directly interacted with AMT1;1 and AMT1;2, which would be a prerequisite for dephosphorylation of the transporter by ABI1. Thus, ABI1 is a positive regulator of ammonium uptake, coupling nutrient acquisition to abiotic stress signaling. Elevated ABA reduces ammonium uptake during stress situations, such as ammonium toxicity, whereas ABI1 reactivates AMT1s under favorable growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Ganz
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart D-70593, Germany
| | - Romano Porras-Murillo
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart D-70593, Germany
| | - Toyosi Ijato
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart D-70593, Germany
| | - Jochen Menz
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart D-70593, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Straub
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart D-70593, Germany
| | - Nils Stührwohldt
- Institute of Biology, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart D-70593, Germany
| | - Narges Moradtalab
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart D-70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Institute of Crop Science, Nutritional Crop Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart D-70593, Germany
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13
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Hui J, An X, Li Z, Neuhäuser B, Ludewig U, Wu X, Schulze WX, Chen F, Feng G, Lambers H, Zhang F, Yuan L. The mycorrhiza-specific ammonium transporter ZmAMT3;1 mediates mycorrhiza-dependent nitrogen uptake in maize roots. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4066-4087. [PMID: 35880836 PMCID: PMC9516061 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most plant species can form symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), which may enhance the host plant's acquisition of soil nutrients. In contrast to phosphorus nutrition, the molecular mechanism of mycorrhizal nitrogen (N) uptake remains largely unknown, and its physiological relevance is unclear. Here, we identified a gene encoding an AMF-inducible ammonium transporter, ZmAMT3;1, in maize (Zea mays) roots. ZmAMT3;1 was specifically expressed in arbuscule-containing cortical cells and the encoded protein was localized at the peri-arbuscular membrane. Functional analysis in yeast and Xenopus oocytes indicated that ZmAMT3;1 mediated high-affinity ammonium transport, with the substrate NH4+ being accessed, but likely translocating uncharged NH3. Phosphorylation of ZmAMT3;1 at the C-terminus suppressed transport activity. Using ZmAMT3;1-RNAi transgenic maize lines grown in compartmented pot experiments, we demonstrated that substantial quantities of N were transferred from AMF to plants, and 68%-74% of this capacity was conferred by ZmAMT3;1. Under field conditions, the ZmAMT3;1-dependent mycorrhizal N pathway contributed >30% of postsilking N uptake. Furthermore, AMFs downregulated ZmAMT1;1a and ZmAMT1;3 protein abundance and transport activities expressed in the root epidermis, suggesting a trade-off between mycorrhizal and direct root N-uptake pathways. Taken together, our results provide a comprehensive understanding of mycorrhiza-dependent N uptake in maize and present a promising approach to improve N-acquisition efficiency via plant-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hui
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xia An
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Benjamin Neuhäuser
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Uwe Ludewig
- Department of Nutritional Crop Physiology, Institute of Crop Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Xuna Wu
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Waltraud X Schulze
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70593, Germany
| | - Fanjun Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gu Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Science and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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14
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Wu X, Xie X, Yang S, Yin Q, Cao H, Dong X, Hui J, Liu Z, Jia Z, Mao C, Yuan L. OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 Coordinate Root Morphological and Physiological Responses to Ammonium for Efficient Nitrogen Foraging in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1309-1320. [PMID: 35861152 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optimal plant growth and development rely on morphological and physiological adaptions of the root system to forage heterogeneously distributed nitrogen (N) in soils. Rice grows mainly in the paddy soil where ammonium (NH4+) is present as the major N source. Although root NH4+ foraging behaviors are expected to be agronomically relevant, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that NH4+ supply transiently enhanced the high-affinity NH4+ uptake and stimulated lateral root (LR) branching and elongation. These synergistic physiological and morphological responses were closely related to NH4+-induced expression of NH4+ transporters OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 in roots. The two independent double mutants (dko) defective in OsAMT1;1 and OsAMT1;2 failed to induce NH4+ uptake and stimulate LR formation, suggesting that OsAMT1s conferred the substrate-dependent root NH4+ foraging. In dko plants, NH4+ was unable to activate the expression of OsPIN2, and the OsPIN2 mutant (lra1) exhibited a strong reduction in NH4+-triggered LR branching, suggesting that the auxin pathway was likely involved in OsAMT1s-dependent LR branching. Importantly, OsAMT1s-dependent root NH4+ foraging behaviors facilitated rice growth and N acquisition under fluctuating NH4+ supply. These results revealed an essential role of OsAMT1s in synergizing root morphological and physiological processes, allowing for efficient root NH4+ foraging to optimize N capture under fluctuating N availabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huairong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaonan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Hui
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhongtao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
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15
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Konishi N, Huang S, Yamaji N, Ma JF. Cell-Type-Dependent but CME-Independent Polar Localization of Silicon Transporters in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:699-712. [PMID: 35277719 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an important nutrient required for sustainable and high production of rice and its uptake is mediated by a pair of influx (OsLsi1)-efflux (OsLsi2) transporters showing polar localization. However, the mechanisms underlying their polarity are unknown. Here, we revealed that the polarity of the Si transporters depends on cell types. The polar localization of both OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was not altered by Si supply, but their protein abundance was reduced. Double immunostaining showed that localization of OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was separated at the edge of the lateral polar domain by Casparian strips in the endodermis, whereas they were slightly overlapped at the transversal side of the exodermis. When OsLsi1 was ectopically expressed in the shoots, it showed polar localization at the xylem parenchyma cells of the basal node and leaf sheath, but not at the phloem companion cells. Ectopic expression of non-polar Si transporters, barley HvLsi2 and maize ZmLsi2 in rice, resulted in their polar localization at the proximal side. The polar localization of OsLsi1 and OsLsi2 was not altered by inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) by dominant-negative induction of dynamin-related protein1A and knockout of mu subunit of adaptor protein 2 complex, although the knockout mutants of OsAP2M gene showed dwarf phenotype. These results indicate that CME is not required for the polar localization of Si transporters. Taken together, our results indicate that CME-independent machinery controls the polar localization of Si transporters in exodermis, endodermis of root cells and xylem parenchyma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Konishi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Naoki Yamaji
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan
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16
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Łangowski Ł, Goñi O, Ikuyinminu E, Feeney E, O'Connell S. Investigation of the direct effect of a precision Ascophyllum nodosum biostimulant on nitrogen use efficiency in wheat seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 179:44-57. [PMID: 35306329 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reduction in the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nitrogen (N) pollution of ground water by improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops has become an intensively investigated research topic in pursuit of a more sustainable future. Although, distinct solutions have been proposed there are only a few reports documenting the detailed interplay between observed plant growth dynamics and changes in plant N related transcriptional and biochemical changes. It was previously demonstrated that the application of a formulated biostimulant (PSI-362) derived from Ascophyllum nodosum (ANE) improves N uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana and in barley. In this study, the effect of PSI-362 on the growth dynamics of wheat seedlings was evaluated at different biostimulant and N supplementation rates. Wheat grown on N deficient MS medium was also analysed from the first hour of the treatment until the depletion of the nutrients in the medium 9 days later. During this time the biomass increase measured for PSI-362 treated plants versus untreated controls was associated with increased nitrate uptake, with surplus N assimilated by the biomass in the form of glutamate, glutamine, free amino acids, soluble proteins, and chlorophyll. Phenotypical and biochemical analysis were supported by evaluation of differential expression of genetic markers involved in nitrate perception and transport (TaNRT1.1/NPF6.3), nitrate and nitrite reduction (TaNR1 and TaNiR1) and assimilation (TaGDH2, TaGoGAT, TaGS1). Finally, a comparative analysis of the precision biostimulant PSI-362 and two generic ANEs demonstrated that the NUE effect greatly differs depending on the ANE formulation used.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Goñi
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Elomofe Ikuyinminu
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Ewan Feeney
- Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Shane O'Connell
- Plant Biostimulant Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry (South Campus), Clash, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland; Brandon Bioscience, Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland.
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17
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Abstract
Nutrients are scarce and valuable resources, so plants developed sophisticated mechanisms to optimize nutrient use efficiency. A crucial part of this is monitoring external and internal nutrient levels to adjust processes such as uptake, redistribution, and cellular compartmentation. Measurement of nutrient levels is carried out by primary sensors that typically involve either transceptors or transcription factors. Primary sensors are only now starting to be identified in plants for some nutrients. In particular, for nitrate, there is detailed insight concerning how the external nitrate status is sensed by members of the nitrate transporter 1 (NRT1) family. Potential sensors for other macronutrients such as potassium and sodium have also been identified recently, whereas for micronutrients such as zinc and iron, transcription factor type sensors have been reported. This review provides an overview that interprets and evaluates our current understanding of how plants sense macro and micronutrients in the rhizosphere and root symplast.
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18
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Sathee L, Krishna GK, Adavi SB, Jha SK, Jain V. Role of protein phosphatases in the regulation of nitrogen nutrition in plants. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2911-2922. [PMID: 35035144 PMCID: PMC8720119 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01115-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The reversible protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases regulate different biological processes and their response to environmental cues, including nitrogen (N) availability. Nitrate assimilation is under the strict control of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mediated post-translational regulation. The protein phosphatase family with approximately 150 members in Arabidopsis and around 130 members in rice is a promising player in N uptake and assimilation pathways. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) enhances the activation of nitrate reductase (NR) by deactivating SnRK1 and reduces the binding of inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins on NR. The functioning of nitrate transporter NPF6.3 is regulated by phosphorylation of CBL9 (Calcineurin B like protein 9) and CIPK23 (CBL interacting protein kinase 23) module. Phosphorylation by CIPK23 inhibits the activity of NPF6.3, whereas protein phosphatases (PP2C) enhance the NPF6.3-dependent nitrate sensing. PP2Cs and CIPK23 also regulate ammonium transporters (AMTs). Under either moderate ammonium supply or high N demand, CIPK23 is bound and inactivated by PP2Cs. Ammonium uptake is mediated by nonphosphorylated and active AMT1s. Whereas, under high ammonium availability, CIPK23 gets activated and phosphorylate AMT1;1 and AMT1;2 rendering them inactive. Recent reports suggest the critical role of protein phosphatases in regulating N use efficiency (NUE). In rice, PP2C9 regulates NUE by improving N uptake and assimilation. Comparative leaf proteome of wild type and PP2C9 over-expressing transgenic rice lines showed 30 differentially expressed proteins under low N level. These proteins are involved in photosynthesis, N metabolism, signalling, and defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmy Sathee
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - G. K. Krishna
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
- Department of Plant Physiology, College of Agriculture, Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, 680 656 India
| | - Sandeep B. Adavi
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Shailendra K. Jha
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Vanita Jain
- Agricultural Education Division, ICAR, KAB-II, New Delhi, 110 012 India
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Wang W, Li A, Zhang Z, Chu C. Posttranslational Modifications: Regulation of Nitrogen Utilization and Signaling. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:543-552. [PMID: 33493288 PMCID: PMC8462382 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is the most important macroelement required for the composition of key molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins and other organic compounds. As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to acquire nitrogen for their normal growth and development. Besides the transcriptional and translational regulation of nitrogen uptake, assimilation, remobilization and signal transduction, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are shown to participate in these processes in plants. In addition to alterations in protein abundance, PTMs may dramatically increase the complexity of the proteome without the concomitant changes in gene transcription and have emerged as an important type of protein regulation in terms of protein function, subcellular localization and protein activity and stability. Herein, we briefly summarize recent advances on the posttranslational regulation of nitrogen uptake, assimilation, remobilization and nitrogen signaling and discuss the underlying mechanisms of PTMs as well as the signal output of such PTMs. Understanding these regulation mechanisms will provide novel insights for improving the nitrogen use efficiency of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Aifu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- * Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +86-10-64806608
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20
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Zhang L, Song H, Li B, Wang M, Di D, Lin X, Kronzucker HJ, Shi W, Li G. Induction of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase protects root growth from ammonium toxicity by regulating potassium homeostasis in Arabidopsis and rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4548-4564. [PMID: 33772588 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonium (NH4+) is toxic to root growth in most plants already at moderate levels of supply, but mechanisms of root growth tolerance to NH4+ remain poorly understood. Here, we report that high levels of NH4+ induce nitric oxide (NO) accumulation, while inhibiting potassium (K+) acquisition via SNO1 (sensitive to nitric oxide 1)/SOS4 (salt overly sensitive 4), leading to the arrest of primary root growth. High levels of NH4+ also stimulated the accumulation of GSNOR (S-nitrosoglutathione reductase) in roots. GSNOR overexpression improved root tolerance to NH4+. Loss of GSNOR further induced NO accumulation, increased SNO1/SOS4 activity, and reduced K+ levels in root tissue, enhancing root growth sensitivity to NH4+. Moreover, the GSNOR-like gene, OsGSNOR, is also required for NH4+ tolerance in rice. Immunoblotting showed that the NH4+-induced GSNOR protein accumulation was abolished in the VTC1- (vitamin C1) defective mutant vtc1-1, which is hypersensititive to NH4+ toxicity. GSNOR overexpression enhanced vtc1-1 root tolerance to NH4+. Our findings suggest that induction of GSNOR increases NH4+ tolerance in Arabidopsis roots by counteracting NO-mediated suppression of tissue K+, which depends on VTC1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Haiyan Song
- Academic Affairs Office, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Baohai Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongwei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, HangzhouChina
| | - Herbert J Kronzucker
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
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21
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Nitrogen Uptake in Plants: The Plasma Membrane Root Transport Systems from a Physiological and Proteomic Perspective. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040681. [PMID: 33916130 PMCID: PMC8066207 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen nutrition in plants is a key determinant in crop productivity. The availability of nitrogen nutrients in the soil, both inorganic (nitrate and ammonium) and organic (urea and free amino acids), highly differs and influences plant physiology, growth, metabolism, and root morphology. Deciphering this multifaceted scenario is mandatory to improve the agricultural sustainability. In root cells, specific proteins located at the plasma membrane play key roles in the transport and sensing of nitrogen forms. This review outlines the current knowledge regarding the biochemical and physiological aspects behind the uptake of the individual nitrogen forms, their reciprocal interactions, the influences on root system architecture, and the relations with other proteins sustaining fundamental plasma membrane functionalities, such as aquaporins and H+-ATPase. This topic is explored starting from the information achieved in the model plant Arabidopsis and moving to crops in agricultural soils. Moreover, the main contributions provided by proteomics are described in order to highlight the goals and pitfalls of this approach and to get new hints for future studies.
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Islam S, Zhang J, Zhao Y, She M, Ma W. Genetic regulation of the traits contributing to wheat nitrogen use efficiency. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110759. [PMID: 33487345 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
High nitrogen application aimed at increasing crop yield is offset by higher production costs and negative environmental consequences. For wheat, only one third of the applied nitrogen is utilized, which indicates there is scope for increasing Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE). However, achieving greater NUE is challenged by the complexity of the trait, which comprises processes associated with nitrogen uptake, transport, reduction, assimilation, translocation and remobilization. Thus, knowledge of the genetic regulation of these processes is critical in increasing NUE. Although primary nitrogen uptake and metabolism-related genes have been well studied, the relative influence of each towards NUE is not fully understood. Recent attention has focused on engineering transcription factors and identification of miRNAs acting on expression of specific genes related to NUE. Knowledge obtained from model species needs to be translated into wheat using recently-released whole genome sequences, and by exploring genetic variations of NUE-related traits in wild relatives and ancient germplasm. Recent findings indicate the genetic basis of NUE is complex. Pyramiding various genes will be the most effective approach to achieve a satisfactory level of NUE in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahidul Islam
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Jingjuan Zhang
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Yun Zhao
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Maoyun She
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Wujun Ma
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
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Fang XZ, Fang SQ, Ye ZQ, Liu D, Zhao KL, Jin CW. NRT1.1 Dual-Affinity Nitrate Transport/Signalling and its Roles in Plant Abiotic Stress Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:715694. [PMID: 34497626 PMCID: PMC8420879 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.715694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
NRT1.1 is the first nitrate transport protein cloned in plants and has both high- and low-affinity functions. It imports and senses nitrate, which is modulated by the phosphorylation on Thr101 (T101). Structural studies have revealed that the phosphorylation of T101 either induces dimer decoupling or increases structural flexibility within the membrane, thereby switching the NRT1.1 protein from a low- to high-affinity state. Further studies on the adaptive regulation of NRT1.1 in fluctuating nitrate conditions have shown that, at low nitrate concentrations, nitrate binding only at the high-affinity monomer initiates NRT1.1 dimer decoupling and priming of the T101 site for phosphorylation activated by CIPK23, which functions as a high-affinity nitrate transceptor. However, nitrate binding in both monomers retains the unmodified NRT1.1, maintaining the low-affinity mode. This NRT1.1-mediated nitrate signalling and transport may provide a key to improving the efficiency of plant nitrogen use. However, recent studies have revealed that NRT1.1 is extensively involved in plant tolerance of several adverse environmental conditions. In this context, we summarise the recent progress in the molecular mechanisms of NRT1.1 dual-affinity nitrate transport/signalling and focus on its expected and unexpected roles in plant abiotic stress resistance and their regulation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xian Zhi Fang,
| | - Shu Qin Fang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng Qian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chong Wei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Chen HY, Chen YN, Wang HY, Liu ZT, Frommer WB, Ho CH. Feedback inhibition of AMT1 NH 4+-transporters mediated by CIPK15 kinase. BMC Biol 2020; 18:196. [PMID: 33317525 PMCID: PMC7737296 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ammonium (NH4+), a key nitrogen form, becomes toxic when it accumulates to high levels. Ammonium transporters (AMTs) are the key transporters responsible for NH4+ uptake. AMT activity is under allosteric feedback control, mediated by phosphorylation of a threonine in the cytosolic C-terminus (CCT). However, the kinases responsible for the NH4+-triggered phosphorylation remain unknown. Results In this study, a functional screen identified protein kinase CBL-Interacting Protein Kinase15 (CIPK15) as a negative regulator of AMT1;1 activity. CIPK15 was able to interact with several AMT1 paralogs at the plasma membrane. Analysis of AmTryoshka, an NH4+ transporter activity sensor for AMT1;3 in yeast, and a two-electrode-voltage-clamp (TEVC) of AMT1;1 in Xenopus oocytes showed that CIPK15 inhibits AMT activity. CIPK15 transcript levels increased when seedlings were exposed to elevated NH4+ levels. Notably, cipk15 knockout mutants showed higher 15NH4+ uptake and accumulated higher amounts of NH4+ compared to the wild-type. Consistently, cipk15 was hypersensitive to both NH4+ and methylammonium but not nitrate (NO3−). Conclusion Taken together, our data indicate that feedback inhibition of AMT1 activity is mediated by the protein kinase CIPK15 via phosphorylation of residues in the CCT to reduce NH4+-accumulation. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-020-00934-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ning Chen
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Wang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Ta Liu
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Wolf B Frommer
- Institute for Molecular Physiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Ho
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
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25
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Abstract
AbstractIt is crucial for the growth and development of an organism whether ammonium is transported across its membranes in a form of NH4+ or NH3. The transport of both molecules follows different pH-dependent gradients across membranes and transport of both substrates differentially affects the internal and external pH. As a consequence, they directly influence the physiology and organism development. CaMep2 from Candida albicans shows a dual transceptor function in ammonium transport and sensing. CaMep2 senses low ammonium availability and induces filamentous growth. CaMep1, by contrast, is only active in transport, but not involved in ammonium signaling. Here, both proteins were heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. This study identified electrogenic NH4+ transport by CaMep1 and electroneutral NH3 transport by CaMep2, which might be a prerequisite for the induction of pseudohyphal growth.
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26
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Qin DB, Liu MY, Yuan L, Zhu Y, Li XD, Chen LM, Wang Y, Chen YF, Wu WH, Wang Y. CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE 32-mediated phosphorylation is essential for the ammonium transport activity of AMT1;1 in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5087-5097. [PMID: 32443150 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase-mediated phosphorylation modulates the absorption of many nutrients in plants. CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES (CPKs) are key players in plant signaling to translate calcium signals into diverse physiological responses. However, the regulatory role of CPKs in ammonium uptake remains largely unknown. Here, using methylammonium (MeA) toxicity screening, CPK32 was identified as a positive regulator of ammonium uptake in roots. CPK32 specifically interacted with AMMONIUM TRANSPORTER 1;1 (AMT1;1) and phosphorylated AMT1;1 at the non-conserved serine residue Ser450 in the C-terminal domain. Functional analysis in Xenopus oocytes showed that co-expression of CPK32 and AMT1;1 significantly enhanced the AMT1;1-mediated inward ammonium currents. In transgenic plants, the phosphomimic variant AMT1;1S450E, but not the non-phosphorylatable variant AMT1;1S450A, fully complemented the MeA insensitivity and restored high-affinity 15NH4+ uptake in both amt1;1 and cpk32 mutants. Moreover, in the CPK32 knockout background, AMT1;1 lost its ammonium transport activity entirely. These results indicate that CPK32 is a crucial positive regulator of ammonium uptake in roots and the ammonium transport activity of AMT1;1 is dependent on CPK32-mediated phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Bin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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27
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Thi Nong H, Tateishi R, Suriyasak C, Kobayashi T, Oyama Y, Chen WJ, Matsumoto R, Hamaoka N, Iwaya-Inoue M, Ishibashi Y. Effect of Seedling Nitrogen Condition on Subsequent Vegetative Growth Stages and Its Relationship to the Expression of Nitrogen Transporter Genes in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E861. [PMID: 32646051 PMCID: PMC7412562 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deficiency is one of the most common problems in soils, limiting crop growth and production. However, the effects of N limitation in seedlings on vegetative growth remain poorly understood. Here, we show that N limitation in rice seedlings restricted vegetative growth but not yield. Aboveground parts were affected mainly during the period of tillering, but belowground parts were sensitive throughout vegetative growth, especially during panicle development. At the tillering stage, N-limited plants had a significantly lower N content in shoots, but not in roots. On the other hand, N content in roots during the panicle development stage was significantly lower in N-limited plants. This distinct response was driven by significant changes in expression of N transporter genes during growth. Under N limitation, N translocation from roots to shoots was greatly sped up by systemic expression of N transporter genes to obtain balanced growth. N limitation during the seedling stage did not reduce any yield components. We conclude that the N condition during the seedling stage affects physiological responses such as N translocation through the expression of N transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yushi Ishibashi
- Graduate school of Bioresource and Bioenviromental Sciences, Kyushu University, Mootoka 774, Fukuoka 819–0395, Japan; (H.T.N.); (R.T.); (C.S.); (T.K.); (Y.O.); (W.J.C.); (R.M.); (N.H.); (M.I.-I.)
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28
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Pandey A, Devi LL, Singh AP. Review: Emerging roles of brassinosteroid in nutrient foraging. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 296:110474. [PMID: 32540004 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are well-characterized growth hormones that are critical for plant growth, development, and productivity. Genetic and molecular studies have revealed the key components of BR biosynthesis and signaling pathways. The membrane-localized BR signaling receptor, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) binds directly to its ligand and initiates series of signaling events that led to the activation of BR transcriptional regulators, BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) and BRI1-ETHYL METHANESULFONATE-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1/BZR2) to regulate the cellular processes. Insights from Arabidopsis research revealed tissue and cell type-specific roles of BR in controlling cell elongation and maintenance of stem cell niche in roots. More recently, BRs have gained much attention in regulating the root growth during nutrient deficiency such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and boron. Differential distribution of nutrients in the rhizosphere alters BR hormone levels and signaling to reprogram spatial distribution of root system architecture (RSA) such as a change in primary root growth, lateral root numbers, length, and angle, root hair formation and elongation. These morpho-physiological changes in RSA are also known as an adaptive root trait or foraging response of the plant. In this review, we highlight the role of BRs in regulating RSA to increase root foraging response during fluctuating nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshika Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | | | - Amar Pal Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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29
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Hao DL, Zhou JY, Yang SY, Huang YN, Su YH. Functional and Regulatory Characterization of Three AMTs in Maize Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:884. [PMID: 32676086 PMCID: PMC7333355 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maize grows in nitrate-dominated dryland soils, but shortly upon localized dressing of nitrogen fertilizers, ammonium is retained as a noticeable form of nitrogen source available to roots. Thus in addition to nitrate, the absorption of ammonium can be an important strategy that promotes rapid plant growth at strong nitrogen demanding stages. The present study reports the functional characterization of three root-expressed ammonium transporters (AMTs), aiming at finding out functional and regulatory properties that correlate with efficient nitrogen acquisition of maize. Using a stable electrophysiological recording method we previously established in Xenopus laevis oocytes that integrates the capture of currents in response to voltage ramps with onsite stability controls, we demonstrate that all three ZmAMT1s engage NH4 + uniporting as ammonium uptake mechanisms. The K m value for ZmAMT1.1a, 1.1b, or ZmAMT1.3 is, respectively, 9.9, 15.6, or 18.6 μM, indicating a typical high-affinity transport of NH4 + ions. Importantly, the uptake currents of these ZmAMT1s are markedly amplified upon extracellular acidification. A pH drop from 7.4 to 5.4 results in a 140.8%, 64.1% or a 120.7% increase of ammonium uptake activity through ZmAMT1.1a, 1.1b, or ZmAMT1.3. Since ammonium uptake by plant roots accompanies a spontaneous acidification to the root medium, the functional promotion of ZmAMT1.1a, 1.1b, and ZmAMT1.3 by low pH is in line with the facilitated ammonium uptake activity in maize roots. Furthermore, the expression of the three ZmAMT1 genes is induced under ammonium-dominated conditions. Thus we describe a facilitated ammonium uptake strategy in maize roots by functional and expression regulations of ZmAMT1 transporters that may coordinate with efficient acquisition of this form of nitrogen source when available.
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30
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Hao DL, Zhou JY, Yang SY, Qi W, Yang KJ, Su YH. Function and Regulation of Ammonium Transporters in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3557. [PMID: 32443561 PMCID: PMC7279009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium transporter (AMT)-mediated acquisition of ammonium nitrogen from soils is essential for the nitrogen demand of plants, especially for those plants growing in flooded or acidic soils where ammonium is dominant. Recent advances show that AMTs additionally participate in many other physiological processes such as transporting ammonium from symbiotic fungi to plants, transporting ammonium from roots to shoots, transferring ammonium in leaves and reproductive organs, or facilitating resistance to plant diseases via ammonium transport. Besides being a transporter, several AMTs are required for the root development upon ammonium exposure. To avoid the adverse effects of inadequate or excessive intake of ammonium nitrogen on plant growth and development, activities of AMTs are fine-tuned not only at the transcriptional level by the participation of at least four transcription factors, but also at protein level by phosphorylation, pH, endocytosis, and heterotrimerization. Despite these progresses, it is worth noting that stronger growth inhibition, not facilitation, unfortunately occurs when AMT overexpression lines are exposed to optimal or slightly excessive ammonium. This implies that a long road remains towards overcoming potential limiting factors and achieving AMT-facilitated yield increase to accomplish the goal of persistent yield increase under the present high nitrogen input mode in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Li Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (D.-L.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Jin-Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (D.-L.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Shun-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (D.-L.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Wei Qi
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Ke-Jun Yang
- Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center, Zhucheng 262200, China;
| | - Yan-Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (D.-L.H.); (J.-Y.Z.); (S.-Y.Y.)
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Zhang Y, Wu X, Yuan L. Distinct non-coding RNAs confer root-dependent sense transgene-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing and nitrogen-dependent post-transcriptional regulation to AtAMT1;1 transcripts in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:823-837. [PMID: 31901180 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-affinity ammonium uptake in roots mediate by AMT1-type ammonium transporters, which are tightly controlled at multiple regulatory levels for adapting various nitrogen availability. For Arabidopsis AtAMT1;1 gene, in addition to the transcriptional and post-translational controls, an organ-dependent and N-dependent post-transcriptional regulation was suggested as an additional regulatory step for fine tuning ammonium uptake, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we showed that degradation of AtAMT1;1 transcript in roots of Pro35s:AtAMT1;1-transformed atamt1;1-1 Arabidopsis plants resulted from RDR6-dependent sense transgene-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (S-PTGS). The siRNAs for S-PTGS may derive from the aberrant RNA, of which the production was co-determined by sequence feature and excessive expression of AtAMT1;1. Switching to the expression of AtAMT1;1 driven by ProAtUBQ10 or of AtAMT1;1 mutated at two siRNA-targeted hotspots reduced AtAMT1;1-specific siRNAs and overcame S-PTGS in roots. In roots of these lines, however, the steady-state transcript levels of AtAMT1;1 still significantly decreased under conditions of N-sufficiency compared with N-deficiency, confirming a N-dependent post-transcriptional regulatory manner. A crucial role of the 207-bp 3'-end sequence of AtAMT1;1 was further demonstrated by N-dependent accumulation of chimeric-AtAMT1;1 transcript in T-DNA insertion lines and of GFP-tagged chimeric-AtAMT1;1 transcript in transgenic lines. A novel non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which was highly abundant in N-sufficient roots, may target the above-identified 3'-end region for the degrading AtAMT1;1 transcript. This degradation could be prevented by a mutation on the AtAMT1;1 transcript at a potential cleavage site (+1458). These results suggested two distinct mechanisms of regulating AtAMT1;1 mRNA turnover by ncRNA for strictly control of ammonium uptake in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
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