1
|
Ramos C, Gerakopoulos V, Oehler R. Metastasis-associated fibroblasts in peritoneal surface malignancies. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02717-4. [PMID: 38783165 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02717-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Over decades, peritoneal surface malignancies (PSMs) have been associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. However, advancements in perioperative systemic chemotherapy, cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have significantly improved clinical outcomes. PSMs predominantly result from the spread of intra-abdominal neoplasia, which then form secondary peritoneal metastases. Colorectal, ovarian, and gastric cancers are the most common contributors. Despite diverse primary origins, the uniqueness of the peritoneum microenvironment shapes the common features of PSMs. Peritoneal metastization involves complex interactions between tumour cells and the peritoneal microenvironment. Fibroblasts play a crucial role, contributing to tumour development, progression, and therapy resistance. Peritoneal metastasis-associated fibroblasts (MAFs) in PSMs exhibit high heterogeneity. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology has revealed that immune-regulatory cancer-associated fibroblasts (iCAFs) seem to be the most prevalent subtype in PSMs. In addition, other major subtypes as myofibroblastic CAFs (myCAFs) and matrix CAFs (mCAFs) were frequently observed across PSMs studies. Peritoneal MAFs are suggested to originate from mesothelial cells, submesothelial fibroblasts, pericytes, endothelial cells, and omental-resident cells. This plasticity and heterogeneity of CAFs contribute to the complex microenvironment in PSMs, impacting treatment responses. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing targeted and local therapies to improve PSMs patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Ramos
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasileios Gerakopoulos
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang Q, Xiao R, Lu J, Zhang Y, Xu L, Gao J, Sun J, Wang H. Endoglin aggravates peritoneal fibrosis by regulating the activation of TGF-β/ALK/Smads signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973182. [PMID: 36210850 PMCID: PMC9537553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is an intractable complication in patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key pro-fibrogenic factor involved in PD-associated PF, and endoglin, as a coreceptor for TGF-β, plays a role in balancing the TGF-β signaling pathway. Here, we investigated whether endoglin could be a potential therapeutic target for PF.Methods:In vivo, we established PF model in SD rats by daily intraperitoneal injection of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) containing 4.25% glucose for 6 weeks and downregulated endoglin expression by tail vein injection of AAV9-ENG on day 14 to assess the effect of endoglin on peritoneal morphology and markers related to fibrosis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In vitro, we treated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) transfected with ENG siRNA in high glucose medium to explore the potential mechanism of endoglin in PF.Results: Compared to control group, continuous exposure to biologically incompatible PDF induced exacerbated PF, accompanied by a significant increase in endoglin expression. Conversely, knockdown of endoglin ameliorated peritoneal injury characterized by increased peritoneal thickening and collagen deposition, angiogenesis, as well as EMT. Consistently, HPMCs cultured in high glucose medium underwent the EMT process and exhibited over-expression of fibronectin, collagen type I, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas these aforementioned alterations were alleviated after ENG siRNA transfection. In addition, we also found that ENG siRNA inhibited TGF-β-induced phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and Smad1/5/9 in HPMCs treated with high glucose (HG).Conclusion: Our findings confirmed for the first time that endoglin exacerbated PF by regulating the activation of TGF-β/ALK/Smads signaling, which will provide a novel potential therapeutic target in PF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Haiping Wang,
| | - Haiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Sun, ; Haiping Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fibrosis of Peritoneal Membrane as Target of New Therapies in Peritoneal Dialysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094831. [PMID: 35563220 PMCID: PMC9102299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an efficient renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease. Even if it ensures an outcome equivalent to hemodialysis and a better quality of life, in the long-term, PD is associated with the development of peritoneal fibrosis and the consequents patient morbidity and PD technique failure. This unfavorable effect is mostly due to the bio-incompatibility of PD solution (mainly based on high glucose concentration). In the present review, we described the mechanisms and the signaling pathway that governs peritoneal fibrosis, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells, and angiogenesis. Lastly, we summarize the present and future strategies for developing more biocompatible PD solutions.
Collapse
|
4
|
Terri M, Trionfetti F, Montaldo C, Cordani M, Tripodi M, Lopez-Cabrera M, Strippoli R. Mechanisms of Peritoneal Fibrosis: Focus on Immune Cells-Peritoneal Stroma Interactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:607204. [PMID: 33854496 PMCID: PMC8039516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.607204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is characterized by abnormal production of extracellular matrix proteins leading to progressive thickening of the submesothelial compact zone of the peritoneal membrane. This process may be caused by a number of insults including pathological conditions linked to clinical practice, such as peritoneal dialysis, abdominal surgery, hemoperitoneum, and infectious peritonitis. All these events may cause acute/chronic inflammation and injury to the peritoneal membrane, which undergoes progressive fibrosis, angiogenesis, and vasculopathy. Among the cellular processes implicated in these peritoneal alterations is the generation of myofibroblasts from mesothelial cells and other cellular sources that are central in the induction of fibrosis and in the subsequent functional deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Myofibroblast generation and activity is actually integrated in a complex network of extracellular signals generated by the various cellular types, including leukocytes, stably residing or recirculating along the peritoneal membrane. Here, the main extracellular factors and the cellular players are described with emphasis on the cross-talk between immune system and cells of the peritoneal stroma. The understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane has both a basic and a translational relevance, since it may be useful for setup of therapies aimed at counteracting the deterioration as well as restoring the homeostasis of the peritoneal membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Terri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Trionfetti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Montaldo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Cordani
- instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA) Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Lopez-Cabrera
- Programa de Homeostasis de Tejidos y Organos, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
TGF-β Pathway in Salivary Gland Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239138. [PMID: 33266300 PMCID: PMC7730716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is presented in various physiologic and pathologic conditions of the salivary gland. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis in several organs, including the salivary glands. Among the TGF-β superfamily members, TGF-β1 and 2 are pro-fibrotic ligands, whereas TGF-β3 and some bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are anti-fibrotic ligands. TGF-β1 is thought to be associated with the pro-fibrotic pathogenesis of sialadenitis, post-radiation salivary gland dysfunction, and Sjögren’s syndrome. Potential therapeutic strategies that target multiple levels in the TGF-β pathway are under preclinical and clinical research for fibrosis. Despite the anti-fibrotic effect of BMPs, their in vivo delivery poses a challenge in terms of adequate clinical efficacy. In this article, we will review the relevance of TGF-β signaling in salivary gland fibrosis and advances of potential therapeutic options in the field.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim S, Shin DH, Nam BY, Kang HY, Park J, Wu M, Kim NH, Kim HS, Park JT, Han SH, Kang SW, Yook JI, Yoo TH. Newly designed Protein Transduction Domain (PTD)-mediated BMP-7 is a potential therapeutic for peritoneal fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:13507-13522. [PMID: 33079436 PMCID: PMC7701504 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
While the bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) is a well‐known therapeutic growth factor reverting many fibrotic diseases, including peritoneal fibrosis by peritoneal dialysis (PD), soluble growth factors are largely limited in clinical applications owing to their short half‐life in clinical settings. Recently, we developed a novel drug delivery model using protein transduction domains (PTD) overcoming limitation of soluble recombinant proteins, including bone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7). This study aims at evaluating the therapeutic effects of PTD‐BMP‐7 consisted of PTD and full‐length BMP‐7 on epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related fibrosis. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were then treated with TGF‐β1 or TGF‐β1 + PTD‐BMP‐7. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters were inserted into Sprague‐Dawley rats, and these rats were infused intra‐peritoneally with saline, peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) or PDF + PTD‐BMP‐7. In vitro, TGF‐β1 treatment significantly increased fibronectin, type I collagen, α‐SMA and Snail expression, while reducing E‐cadherin expression in HPMCs (P < .001). PTD‐BMP‐7 treatment ameliorated TGF‐β1‐induced fibronectin, type I collagen, α‐SMA and Snail expression, and restored E‐cadherin expression in HPMCs (P < .001). In vivo, the expressions of EMT‐related molecules and the thickness of the sub‐mesothelial layer were significantly increased in the peritoneum of rats treated with PDF, and these changes were significantly abrogated by the intra‐peritoneal administration of PTD‐BMP‐7. PTD‐BMP‐7 treatment significantly inhibited the progression of established PD fibrosis. These findings suggest that PTD‐BMP‐7, as a prodrug of BMP‐7, can be an effective therapeutic agent for peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seonghun Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo Young Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Meiyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Tak Park
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Shin-Wook Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.,MET Life Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Yoo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
IL-17A as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101361. [PMID: 32987705 PMCID: PMC7598617 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem reaching epidemic proportions. There is no cure for CKD, and patients may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a current replacement therapy option for ESRD patients until renal transplantation can be achieved. One important problem in long-term PD patients is peritoneal membrane failure. The mechanisms involved in peritoneal damage include activation of the inflammatory and immune responses, associated with submesothelial immune infiltrates, angiogenesis, loss of the mesothelial layer due to cell death and mesothelial to mesenchymal transition, and collagen accumulation in the submesothelial compact zone. These processes lead to fibrosis and loss of peritoneal membrane function. Peritoneal inflammation and membrane failure are strongly associated with additional problems in PD patients, mainly with a very high risk of cardiovascular disease. Among the inflammatory mediators involved in peritoneal damage, cytokine IL-17A has recently been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory diseases, including CKD. Although IL-17A is the hallmark cytokine of Th17 immune cells, many other cells can also produce or secrete IL-17A. In the peritoneum of PD patients, IL-17A-secreting cells comprise Th17 cells, γδ T cells, mast cells, and neutrophils. Experimental studies demonstrated that IL-17A blockade ameliorated peritoneal damage caused by exposure to PD fluids. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent advances on the role of IL-17A in peritoneal membrane injury during PD and other PD-associated complications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Balzer MS. Molecular pathways in peritoneal fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109778. [PMID: 32926960 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease that is equivalent to hemodialysis with respect to adequacy, mortality, and other outcome parameters, yet providing superior quality-of-life measures and cost savings. However, long-term usage of the patient's peritoneal membrane as a dialyzer filter is unphysiological and leads to peritoneal fibrosis, which is a major factor of patient morbidity and PD technique failure, resulting in a transfer to hemodialysis or death. Peritoneal fibrosis pathophysiology involves chronic inflammation and the fibrotic process itself. Frequently, inflammation precedes membrane fibrosis development, although a bidirectional relationship of one inducing the other exists. This review aims at highlighting the histopathological definition of peritoneal fibrosis, outlining the interplay of fibrosis, angiogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), delineating important fibrogenic pathways involving Smad-dependent and Smad-independent transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as well as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) signaling, and summarizing historic and recent studies of inflammatory pathways involving NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, and other cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Balzer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Increased miR-7641 Levels in Peritoneal Hyalinizing Vasculopathy in Long-Term Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165824. [PMID: 32823722 PMCID: PMC7461593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal hyalinizing vasculopathy (PHV) represents the cornerstone of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD), and especially characterizes patients associated with encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. However, the mechanisms of PHV development remain unknown. A cross sectional study was performed in 100 non-selected peritoneal biopsies of PD patients. Clinical data were collected and lesions were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. In selected biopsies a microRNA (miRNA)-sequencing analysis was performed. Only fifteen patients (15%) showed PHV at different degrees. PHV prevalence was significantly lower among patients using PD fluids containing low glucose degradation products (GDP) (5.9% vs. 24.5%), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) (7.5% vs. 23.4%), statins (6.5% vs. 22.6%) or presenting residual renal function, suggesting the existence of several PHV protective factors. Peritoneal biopsies from PHV samples showed loss of endothelial markers and induction of mesenchymal proteins, associated with collagen IV accumulation and wide reduplication of the basement membrane. Moreover, co-expression of endothelial and mesenchymal markers, as well as TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling activation were found in PHV biopsies. These findings suggest that an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) process was taking place. Additionally, significantly higher levels of miR-7641 were observed in severe PHV compared to non-PHV peritoneal biopsies. Peritoneal damage by GDPs induce miRNA deregulation and an EndMT process in submesothelial vessels, which could contribute to collagen IV accumulation and PHV.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee YC, Huang CT, Cheng FY, Hung SY, Lin TM, Tsai YC, Chen CI, Wang HK, Lin CW, Liou HH, Chang MY, Wang HH, Chiou YY. The Clinical Implication of Vitamin D Nanomedicine for Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritoneal Damage. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:9665-9675. [PMID: 31824158 PMCID: PMC6901052 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s215717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitamin D is a novel potential therapeutic agent for peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritoneal fibrosis, but it can induce hypercalcemia and vascular calcification, which limits its applicability. In this study, we create nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to investigate its therapeutics and side effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N- [amino-(polyethylene glycol)2000] (DSPE-PEG) and L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC), which packages with 1α,25(OH)2D3, were used to construct vitamin D nanoliposomes. To confirm the function and safety of vitamin D nanoliposomes, peritoneal mesothelial cells were treated with TGF-β1 and the reverse was attempted using vitamin D nanoliposomes. Antibodies (Ab) against the peritoneum-glycoprotein M6A (GPM6A) Ab were conjugated with vitamin D nanoliposomes. These particles were implanted into mice by intraperitoneal injection and the animals were monitored for the distribution and side effects induced by vitamin D. RESULTS Vitamin D nanoliposomes were taken up by the mesothelial cells over time without cell toxicity and it also provided the same therapeutic effect in vitro. In vivo study, fluorescent imaging showed vitamin D nanoliposomes allow specific peritoneum target effect and also ameliorate vitamin D side effect. CONCLUSION Nanoliposomes vitamin D delivery systems for the prevention of PD-related peritoneal damage may be a potential clinical strategy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Che Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Dachang Hospital/ I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital/ I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Yu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yuan Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital/ I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine for International Students
| | | | - Yen-Chang Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery
| | | | - Chi-Wei Lin
- Department of Medical Education, E-DA Hospital/ I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yu Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital/ I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Hao Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Hospital/ I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yow Chiou
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Curcumin ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis via inhibition of transforming growth factor-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) pathway in a rat model of peritoneal dialysis. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:280. [PMID: 31647008 PMCID: PMC6813077 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) remains a serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). The goal of this study was to investigate the anti-fibrotic effects of curcumin on the PF response to PD and its’ mechanism. Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were infused with 20 mL of 4.25% glucose-based standard PD fluid for 8 consecutive weeks to establish PF model and then divided into five groups: Control, received sham operation and 0.9% physiological saline; PD, received 4.25% standard PD fluid; Curcumin, PD rats injected intraperitoeally with curcumin for 8 weeks at doses of 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg. Masson’s staining was performed to evaluate the extent of PF. Peritoneal Equilibration Test (PET) was conducted to assess ultrafiltration volume (UFV) and mass transfer of glucose (MTG), quantitative RT-PCR, and immunohistochemistry or western blotting were performed to measure the expression levels of inflammation and fibrosis-associated factors. We also detected the TGF-β1 in peritoneal fluid by ELISA. Results Compared with the control group, the PD rats showed decreased UFV (2.54 ± 0.48 to 9.87 ± 0.78 mL, p < 0.05] and increased MTG (18.99 ± 0.86 to 10.85 ± 0.65 mmol/kg, p < 0.05) as well as obvious fibroproliferative response, with markedly increased peritoneal thickness (178.33 ± 4.42 to 25.26 ± 0.32um, p < 0.05) and higher expression of a-SMA, collagen I and TGF-β1. Treatment with curcumin significantly increased UFV, reduced MTG and peritoneal thickness of PD rats. The elevated TGF-β1 in peritoneal fluid of PD rats was significantly decreased by curcumin. It attenuated the increase in protein and mRNA of TGF-β1, α-SMA and collagen I in peritoneum of PD rats. The mRNA expressions of TAK1, JNK and p38, as well as the protein expressions of p-TAK1, p-JNK and p-p38 in peritoneum of PD rats were reduced by curcumin. Conclusions Present results demonstrate that curcumin showed a protective effect on PD-related PF and suggest an implication of TAK1, p38 and JNK pathway in mediating the benefical effects of curcumin.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dituri F, Cossu C, Mancarella S, Giannelli G. The Interactivity between TGFβ and BMP Signaling in Organogenesis, Fibrosis, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:E1130. [PMID: 31547567 PMCID: PMC6829314 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) pathways intersect at multiple signaling hubs and cooperatively or counteractively participate to bring about cellular processes which are critical not only for tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis during development, but also for adult tissue homeostasis. The proper functioning of the TGFβ/BMP pathway depends on its communication with other signaling pathways and any deregulation leads to developmental defects or diseases, including fibrosis and cancer. In this review we explore the cellular and physio-pathological contexts in which the synergism or antagonism between the TGFβ and BMP pathways are crucial determinants for the normal developmental processes, as well as the progression of fibrosis and malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dituri
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Carla Cossu
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Silva FMO, Costalonga EC, Silva C, Carreira ACO, Gomes SA, Sogayar MC, Fanelli C, Noronha IL. Tamoxifen and bone morphogenic protein-7 modulate fibrosis and inflammation in the peritoneal fibrosis model developed in uremic rats. Mol Med 2019; 25:41. [PMID: 31455237 PMCID: PMC6712623 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-019-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) represents a long-term complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), affecting peritoneal membrane (PM) integrity and function. Understanding the mechanisms underlying PF development in an uremic environment aiming alternative therapeutic strategies for treating this process is of great interest. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of tamoxifen (TAM) and recombinant BMP7 (rBMP7) in an experimental model of PF developed in uremic rats. Methods To mimic the clinical situation of patients on long-term PD, a combo model, characterized by the combination of PF and CKD with severe uremia, was developed in Wistar rats. PF was induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injections of chlorhexidine gluconate (CG), and CKD was induced by an adenine-rich diet. Uremia was confirmed by severe hypertension, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN> 120 mg/dL) and serum creatinine levels (> 2 mg/dL). Uremic rats with PF were treated with TAM (10 mg/Kg by gavage) or BMP7 (30 μg/Kg, IP). Animals were followed up for 30 days. Results CG administration in uremic rats induced a striking increase in PM thickness, neoangiogenesis, demonstrated by increased capillary density, and failure of ultrafiltration capacity. These morphological and functional changes were blocked by TAM or rBMP7 treatment. In parallel, TAM and rBMP7 significantly ameliorated the PM fibrotic response by reducing α-SMA, extracellular matrix proteins and TGF-ß expression. TAM or rBMP7 administration significantly inhibited peritoneal Smad3 expression in uremic rats with PF, prevented Smad3 phosphorylation, and induced a remarkable up-regulation of Smad7, an intracellular inhibitor of TGFβ/Smad signaling, contributing to a negative modulation of profibrotic genes. Both treatments were also effective in reducing local inflammation, possibly by upregulating IκB-α expression in the PM of uremic rats with PF. In vitro experiments using primary peritoneal fibroblasts activated by TGF-ß confirmed the capacity of TAM or rBMP7 in blocking inflammatory mediators, such as IL-1ß expression. Conclusions In conclusion, these findings indicate important roles of TGF-ß/Smad signaling in PF aggravated by uremia, providing data regarding potential therapeutic approaches with TAM or rBMP7 to block this process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s10020-019-0110-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filipe M O Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Elerson C Costalonga
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Ana C O Carreira
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Anatomy Department, University of São Paulo Veterinary and Zootecnology School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samirah A Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Mari C Sogayar
- Cell and Molecular Therapy Center, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biochemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Fanelli
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Irene L Noronha
- Laboratory of Cellular, Genetic, and Molecular Nephrology, Renal Division, University of São Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 4o andar, Lab 4304, São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
miR-4739 mediates pleural fibrosis by targeting bone morphogenetic protein 7. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:670-682. [PMID: 30850350 PMCID: PMC6443597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleural fibrosis is defined as excessive depositions of matrix components that result in pleural tissue architecture destruction and dysfunction. In severe cases, the progression of pleural fibrosis leads to lung entrapment, resulting in dyspnea and respiratory failure. However, the mechanism of pleural fibrosis is poorly understood. METHODS miR-4739 levels were detected by miRNA array and real-time PCR. Real-time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to identify the expression profile of indicators related to fibrosis. Target gene of miR-4739 and promoter activity assay was measured by using dual-luciferase reporter assay system. In vivo, pleural fibrosis was evaluated by Masson staining and miR-4739 level was detected by In situ hybridization histochemistry. FINDINGS We found that bleomycin induced up-regulation of miR-4739 in pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs). Over-regulated miR-4739 mediated mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and increased collagen-I synthesis in PMCs. Investigation on the clinical specimens revealed that high levels of miR-4739 and low levels of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) associated with pleural fibrosis in patients. Then we next identified that miR-4739 targeted and down-regulated BMP-7 which further resulted in unbalance between Smad1/5/9 and Smad2/3 signaling. Lastly, in vivo studies revealed that miR-4739 over-expression induced pleural fibrosis, and exogenous BMP-7 prevented pleural fibrosis in mice. INTERPRETATION Our data indicated that miR-4739 targets BMP-7 which mediates pleural fibrosis. The miR-4739/BMP-7 axis is a promising therapeutic target for the disease. FUND: The National Natural Science Foundation of China.
Collapse
|
15
|
Han SM, Ryu HM, Suh J, Lee KJ, Choi SY, Choi S, Kim YL, Huh JY, Ha H. Network-based integrated analysis of omics data reveal novel players of TGF-β1-induced EMT in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1497. [PMID: 30728376 PMCID: PMC6365569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis is associated with progressive fibrosis of the peritoneum. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells is an important mechanism involved in peritoneal fibrosis, and TGF-β1 is considered central in this process. However, targeting currently known TGF-β1-associated pathways has not proven effective to date. Therefore, there are still gaps in understanding the mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-associated EMT and peritoneal fibrosis. We conducted network-based integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data to systemically characterize the molecular signature of TGF-β1-stimulated human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). To increase the power of the data, multiple expression datasets of TGF-β1-stimulated human cells were employed, and extended based on a human functional gene network. Dense network sub-modules enriched with differentially expressed genes by TGF-β1 stimulation were prioritized and genes of interest were selected for functional analysis in HPMCs. Through integrated analysis, ECM constituents and oxidative stress-related genes were shown to be the top-ranked genes as expected. Among top-ranked sub-modules, TNFAIP6, ZC3H12A, and NNT were validated in HPMCs to be involved in regulation of E-cadherin, ZO-1, fibronectin, and αSMA expression. The present data shows the validity of network-based integrated analysis in discovery of novel players in TGF-β1-induced EMT in peritoneal mesothelial cells, which may serve as new prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for peritoneal dialysis patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Han
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Myung Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Suh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kong-Joo Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Youn Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Lim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Young Huh
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bartosova M, Schmitt CP. Biocompatible Peritoneal Dialysis: The Target Is Still Way Off. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1853. [PMID: 30700974 PMCID: PMC6343681 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a cost-effective, home-based therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease achieving similar outcome as compared to hemodialysis. Still, a minority of patients only receive PD. To a significant extend, this discrepancy is explained by major limitations regarding PD efficiency and sustainability. Due to highly unphysiological composition of PD fluids, the peritoneal membrane undergoes rapid morphological and long-term functional alterations, which limit the treatment and contribute to adverse patient outcome. This review is focused on the peritoneal membrane ultrastructure and its transformation in patients with kidney disease and chronic PD, underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential systemic sequelae. Current knowledge on the impact of conventional and second-generation PD fluids is described; novel strategies and innovative PD fluid types are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
González-Mateo GT, Pascual-Antón L, Sandoval P, Aguilera Peralta A, López-Cabrera M. Surgical Techniques for Catheter Placement and 5/6 Nephrectomy in Murine Models of Peritoneal Dialysis. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30080204 DOI: 10.3791/56746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a renal replacement therapy consistent on the administration and posterior recovery of a hyperosmotic fluid in the peritoneal cavity to drain water and toxic metabolites that functionally-insufficient kidneys are not able to eliminate. Unfortunately, this procedure deteriorates the peritoneum. Tissue damage triggers the onset of inflammation to heal the injury. If the injury persists and inflammation becomes chronic, it may lead to fibrosis, which is a common occurrence in many diseases. In PD, chronic inflammation and fibrosis, along with other specific processes related to these ones, lead to ultrafiltration capacity deterioration, which means the failure and subsequent cessation of the technique. Working with human samples provides information about this deterioration but presents technical and ethical limitations to obtain biopsies. Animal models are essential to study this deterioration since they overcome these shortcomings. A chronic mouse infusion model was developed in 2008, which benefits from the wide range of genetically modified mice, opening up the possibility of studying the mechanisms involved. This model employs a customized device designed for mice, consisting of a catheter attached to an access port that is placed subcutaneously at the back of the animal. This procedure avoids continuous puncture of the peritoneum during long-term experiments, reducing infections and inflammation due to injections. Thanks to this model, peritoneal damage induced by chronic PD fluid exposure has been characterized and modulated. This technique allows the infusion of large volumes of fluids and could be used for the study of other diseases in which inoculation of drugs or other substances over extended periods of time is necessary. This article shows the method for the surgical placement of the catheter in mice. Moreover, it explains the procedure for a 5/6 nephrectomy to mimic the state of renal insufficiency present in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Tirma González-Mateo
- Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council; IdiPAZ Research Institute, La Paz University Hospital;
| | - Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council
| | | | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Molecular Biology Research Centre Severo Ochoa, Spanish National Research Council
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rossi L, Battistelli C, de Turris V, Noce V, Zwergel C, Valente S, Moioli A, Manzione A, Palladino M, Bordoni V, Domenici A, Menè P, Mai A, Tripodi M, Strippoli R. HDAC1 inhibition by MS-275 in mesothelial cells limits cellular invasion and promotes MMT reversal. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8492. [PMID: 29855565 PMCID: PMC5981641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26319-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a pathological alteration of the peritoneal membrane occurring in a variety of conditions including peritoneal dialysis (PD), post-surgery adhesions and peritoneal metastases. The acquisition of invasive and pro-fibrotic abilities by mesothelial cells (MCs) through induction of MMT, a cell-specific form of EMT, plays a main role in this process. Aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, key components of the epigenetic machinery, in counteracting MMT observed in MCs isolated from effluent of PD patients. HDAC inhibitors with different class/isoform selectivity have been used for pharmacological inhibition. While the effect of other inhibitors was limited to a partial E-cadherin re-expression, MS-275, a HDAC1-3 inhibitor, promoted: (i) downregulation of mesenchymal markers (MMP2, Col1A1, PAI-1, TGFβ1, TGFβRI) (ii) upregulation of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, Occludin), (iii) reacquisition of an epithelial-like morphology and (iv) marked reduction of cellular invasiveness. Results were confirmed by HDAC1 genetic silencing. Mechanistically, MS-275 causes: (i) increase of nuclear histone H3 acetylation (ii) rescue of the acetylation profile on E-cadherin promoter, (iii) Snail functional impairment. Overall, our study, pinpointing a role for HDAC1, revealed a new player in the regulation of peritoneal fibrosis, providing the rationale for future therapeutic opportunities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rossi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria de Turris
- Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Noce
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Moioli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Palladino
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Bordoni
- Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Domenici
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Menè
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Nephrology Unit, Sant'Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Strippoli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Section of Molecular Genetics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy. .,Gene Expression Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Lazzaro Spallanzani" I.R.C.C.S., Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a successfully used method for renal replacement therapy. However, long-term PD may be associated with peritoneal fibrosis and ultrafiltration failure. The key factors linked to their appearance are repeated episodes of inflammation associated with peritonitis and long-term exposure to bioincompatible PD fluids. Different strategies have been proposed to preserve the peritoneal membrane. This article reviews the functional and structural alterations related to PD and strategies whereby we may prevent them to preserve the peritoneal membrane. The use of new, more biocompatible, PD solutions is promising, although further morphologic studies in patients using these solutions are needed. Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system appears to be efficacious and strongly should be considered. Other agents have been proven in experimental studies, but most of them have not yet been tested appropriately in human beings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Auxiliadora Bajo
- Home Dialysis Unit, Nephrology Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gloria Del Peso
- University Autónoma of Madrid, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research, Spanish Renal Research Network, Reina Sofia Institute for Nephrology Research, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isaac Teitelbaum
- Home Dialysis Program, University of Colorado Hospital, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang Z, Jiang N, Ni Z. Strategies for preventing peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis patients: new insights based on peritoneal inflammation and angiogenesis. Front Med 2017; 11:349-358. [PMID: 28791669 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-017-0571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an established form of renal replacement therapy. Long-term PD leads to morphologic and functional changes to the peritoneal membrane (PM), which is defined as peritoneal fibrosis, a known cause of loss of peritoneal ultrafiltration capacity. Inflammation and angiogenesis are key events during the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. This review discusses the pathophysiology of peritoneal fibrosis and recent research progress on key fibrogenic molecular mechanisms in peritoneal inflammation and angiogenesis, including Toll-like receptor ligand-mediated, NOD-like receptor protein 3/interleukin-1β, vascular endothelial growth factor, and angiopoietin-2/Tie2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, novel strategies targeting peritoneal inflammation and angiogenesis to preserve the PM are discussed in depth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Igarashi Y, Hoshino T, Ookawara S, Ishibashi K, Morishita Y. Nano-sized carriers in gene therapy for peritoneal fibrosis in vivo. NANO REVIEWS & EXPERIMENTS 2017; 8:1331100. [PMID: 30410706 PMCID: PMC6167028 DOI: 10.1080/20022727.2017.1331100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis is a crucial complication in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis. It is a major pathological feature of peritoneal membrane failure, which leads to withdrawal of peritoneal dialysis. No specific therapy has yet been established for the treatment of peritoneal fibrosis. However, gene therapy may be a viable option, and various nano-sized carriers, including viral and non-viral vectors, have been shown to enhance the delivery and efficacy of gene therapy for peritoneal fibrosis in vivo. This review focuses on the use of nano-sized carriers in gene therapy of peritoneal fibrosis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Igarashi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Taro Hoshino
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Susumu Ookawara
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Ishibashi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Morishita
- Division of Nephrology, First Department of Integrated Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Horejs CM, St-Pierre JP, Ojala JRM, Steele JAM, da Silva PB, Rynne-Vidal A, Maynard SA, Hansel CS, Rodríguez-Fernández C, Mazo MM, You AYF, Wang AJ, von Erlach T, Tryggvason K, López-Cabrera M, Stevens MM. Preventing tissue fibrosis by local biomaterials interfacing of specific cryptic extracellular matrix information. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15509. [PMID: 28593951 PMCID: PMC5472175 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to the breakdown of tissue structures such as the basement membrane, promoting tissue fibrosis. Here we developed an electrospun membrane biofunctionalized with a fragment of the laminin β1-chain to modulate the expression of MMP2 in this context. We demonstrate that interfacing of the β1-fragment with the mesothelium of the peritoneal membrane via a biomaterial abrogates the release of active MMP2 in response to transforming growth factor β1 and rescues tissue integrity ex vivo and in vivo in a mouse model of peritoneal fibrosis. Importantly, our data demonstrate that the membrane inhibits MMP2 expression. Changes in the expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related molecules further point towards a contribution of the modulation of EMT. Biomaterial-based presentation of regulatory basement membrane signals directly addresses limitations of current therapeutic approaches by enabling a localized and specific method to counteract MMP2 release applicable to a broad range of therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine-Maria Horejs
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Jean-Philippe St-Pierre
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Juha R M Ojala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Joseph A M Steele
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Patricia Barros da Silva
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Angela Rynne-Vidal
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie A Maynard
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Catherine S Hansel
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Clara Rodríguez-Fernández
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Manuel M Mazo
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Amanda Y F You
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alex J Wang
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Thomas von Erlach
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Scheeles väg 2, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rynne-Vidal A, Au-Yeung CL, Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Pérez-Lozano ML, Cremades-Jimeno L, Bárcena C, Cristóbal-García I, Fernández-Chacón C, Yeung TL, Mok SC, Sandoval P, López-Cabrera M. Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition as a possible therapeutic target in peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer. J Pathol 2017; 242:140-151. [PMID: 28247413 PMCID: PMC5468005 DOI: 10.1002/path.4889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dissemination is the primary metastatic route of ovarian cancer (OvCa), and is often accompanied by the accumulation of ascitic fluid. The peritoneal cavity is lined by mesothelial cells (MCs), which can be converted into carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through mesothelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (MMT). Here, we demonstrate that MCs isolated from ascitic fluid (AFMCs) of OvCa patients with peritoneal implants also undergo MMT and promote subcutaneous tumour growth in mice. RNA sequencing of AFMCs revealed that MMT‐related pathways – including transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signalling – are differentially regulated, and a gene signature was verified in peritoneal implants from OvCa patients. In a mouse model, pre‐induction of MMT resulted in increased peritoneal tumour growth, whereas interfering with the TGF‐β receptor reduced metastasis. MC‐derived CAFs showed activation of Smad‐dependent TGF‐β signalling, which was disrupted in OvCa cells, despite their elevated TGF‐β production. Accordingly, targeting Smad‐dependent signalling in the peritoneal pre‐metastatic niche in mice reduced tumour colonization, suggesting that Smad‐dependent MMT could be crucial in peritoneal carcinomatosis. Together, these results indicate that bidirectional communication between OvCa cells and MC‐derived CAFs, via TGF‐β‐mediated MMT, seems to be crucial to form a suitable metastatic niche. We suggest MMT as a possible target for therapeutic intervention and a potential source of biomarkers for improving OvCa diagnosis and/or prognosis. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rynne-Vidal
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chi Lam Au-Yeung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - José A Jiménez-Heffernan
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Pérez-Lozano
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Cremades-Jimeno
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Bárcena
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Tsz Lun Yeung
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel C Mok
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Departamento de Biología Celular e Inmunología, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Inhibition of H3K9 methyltransferase G9a ameliorates methylglyoxal-induced peritoneal fibrosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173706. [PMID: 28278257 PMCID: PMC5344517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of H3K9 histone methyltransferase G9a is reportedly induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and plays an important role in the progression of cancer and fibrosis. In this study, we investigated whether inhibition of G9a-mediated H3K9 methylation attenuates peritoneal fibrosis in mice and human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Nonadherent cells of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients were isolated from PD effluent to examine expression of G9a. Peritoneal fibrosis was induced by peritoneal injection of methylglyoxal (MGO) in male C57/B6 mice for 3 weeks. BIX01294, a G9a inhibitor, was administered by subcutaneous injection. Effects of BIX01294 on MGO-induced pathological and functional changes in mice were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and a peritoneal equilibration test. HPMCs were isolated from human omentum, and the inhibitory effect of BIX01294 on TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes was investigated in the HPMCs by western blotting. G9a was upregulated in nonadherent cells of human PD effluent, the peritoneum of MGO-injected mice, and TGF-β1-stimulated HPMCs. BIX01294 significantly reduced the submesothelial zone thickness and cell density in MGO-injected mice. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that BIX01294 treatment decreased not only mono-methylation of H3K9 (H3K9me1), but also the number of mesenchymal cells, accumulation of collagen, and infiltration of monocytes. In addition to the pathological changes, BIX01294 reduced the level of TGF-β1 in peritoneal fluid and improved peritoneal functions. Furthermore, BIX01294 inhibited TGF-β1-induced fibrotic changes along with suppression of H3K9me1 in HPMCs. Therefore, inhibition of H3K9 methyltransferase G9a suppresses peritoneal fibrosis through a reduction of H3K9me1.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lupinacci S, Toteda G, Vizza D, Perri A, Benincasa C, Mollica A, La Russa A, Gigliotti P, Leone F, Lofaro D, Bonofiglio M, Perri E, Bonofiglio R. Active compounds extracted from extra virgin olive oil counteract mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelium cells exposed to conventional peritoneal dialysate: in vitro and in vivo evidences. J Nephrol 2016; 30:841-850. [PMID: 27914030 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-016-0368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During peritoneal dialysis (PD), peritoneal mesothelial cells undergo a transition from an epithelial phenotype to a mesenchymal phenotype that, together with the inflammatory process, promotes tissue fibrosis and a failure of peritoneal membrane function. To date, there is no definitive treatment for the progressive thickening and angiogenesis of the peritoneal membrane associated with PD. In this study we tested, in vitro and in vivo, the ability of active compounds extracted from extra virgin olive oil (AC-EVOO) to counteract the mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition process (MMT) observed in mesothelial cells chronically exposed to the conventional peritoneal dialysate (DL). In particular, we used a cultivar from southern Italy known to have a high polyphenol content. Our results showed that, in mesothelial cells exposed to DL, the combined treatment with AC-EVOO prevented the genic and protein upregulation of key mesenchymal and inflammatory markers, as well as the MCs' migratory capacity. Concomitantly, we tested the antifibrotic efficacy of AC-EVOO in mesothelial cells obtained from effluents of patients undergoing PD, whose "fibroblast-like" phenotype was defined by flow-cytometry assay. We observed that in these cells AC-EVOO significantly mitigated, but did not reverse, the MMT process. In conclusion, our preliminary results suggest that AC-EVOO can interfere with critical factors in the process of differentiation, preventing myofibroblast formation, but once fibrosis has already progressed it is unable to promote the redifferentiation to the epithelial phenotype. Further studies are needed to establish whether AC-EVOO could represent a new therapeutic target to prevent peritoneal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Lupinacci
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - G Toteda
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - D Vizza
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - A Perri
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - C Benincasa
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)-Olive Growing and Olive Oil Industry Research Centre, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - A Mollica
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - A La Russa
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - P Gigliotti
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - F Leone
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - D Lofaro
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - M Bonofiglio
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy
| | - E Perri
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'Analisi dell'Economia Agraria (CREA)-Olive Growing and Olive Oil Industry Research Centre, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - R Bonofiglio
- Department Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, "Kidney and Transplantation" Research Centre, Annunziata Hospital, via F. Migliori 1, 87100, Cosenza, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen X, Xu J, Jiang B, Liu D. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 Antagonizes Myocardial Fibrosis Induced by Atrial Fibrillation by Restraining Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β)/Smads Signaling. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3457-3468. [PMID: 27677228 PMCID: PMC5045133 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This aim of this study was to investigate the expression of BMP-7 in atrial fibrillation and illuminate the role of BMP-7 and TGF-β/Smads signaling in myocardial fibrosis. Material/Methods Fibrosis of myocardial fibroblasts was induced by TGF-β1 and the optimal condition was determined by the MTT assay. Cells with TGF-β1 treatment were sub-divided into 4 groups: TGF-β1 group, TGF-β1 + Smad3 siRNA group, TGF-β1 + BMP-7 group, and TGF-β1 + BMP-7 + Smad1/5 siRNA group. Cells were then analyzed by detecting the expression of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), collagen I, alpha smooth muscle cell actin (α-SMA), and activated Smads using Western blot. Mice were injected daily with Ach-CaCl2 with or without the addition of BMP-7 and Smad1/5 siRNA over a period of 4 weeks. Cardiac functions were tested by echocardiogram assay and fibrosis was diagnosed by histopathological examination. Finally, molecule biomarkers were detected using standard procedures. Results TGF-β1 treatment significantly down-regulated E-cadherin expression and up-regulated expressions of Collagen I, α-SMA, and pSmad3 (P<0.05). The effects of TGF-β1 treatment can be significantly suppressed by Smad3 siRNA (P<0.05). Cells in the BMP-7 group exhibited significantly higher expression levels of E-cadherin and pSmad1/5 together with lower expression levels of pSmad3, collagen I, and α-SMA (P<0.05). Moreover, Smad1/5 siRNA can substantially repress the effects of BMP-7 (P<0.05) and results from the mice model coincided with those in myocardial fibroblasts. Conclusions BMP-7 can regulate TGF-β1/Smad3 by targeting Smad1/5 to antagonize fibrosis in myocardial fibroblasts resulting from atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Chen
- Emergency Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Baozhou Jiang
- Emergency Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Danping Liu
- Emergency Internal Medicine, Shaanxi Province People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kawanishi K. Mesothelial cell transplantation: history, challenges and future directions. Pleura Peritoneum 2016; 1:135-143. [PMID: 30911617 PMCID: PMC6419540 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2016-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelial cells line the surface of the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum and internal reproductive organs. One of their main functions is to act as a non-adhesive barrier to protect against physical damage, however, over the past decades their physiological and pathological properties have been revealed in association with a variety of conditions and diseases. Mesothelium has been used in surgical operations in clinical settings, such as omental patching for perforated peptic ulcers and in glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium for aortic valve reconstruction. Various methods for mesothelial cell transplantation have also been established and developed, particularly within the area of tissue engineering, including scaffold and non-scaffold cell sheet technologies. However, the use of mesothelial cell transplantation in patients remains challenging, as it requires additional operations under general anesthesia in order to obtain enough intact cells for culture. Moreover, the current methods of mesothelial cell transplantation are expensive and are not yet available in clinical practice. This review firstly summarizes the history of the use of mesothelial cell transplantation in tissue engineering, and then critically discusses the barriers for the clinical application of mesothelial cell transplantation. Finally, the recent developments in xenotransplantation technologies are discussed to evaluate other feasible alternatives to mesothelial cell transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Kawanishi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego,9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093–0687, USA
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8–1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, 162–8666, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kawanishi K. Diverse properties of the mesothelial cells in health and disease. Pleura Peritoneum 2016; 1:79-89. [PMID: 30911611 DOI: 10.1515/pp-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelial cells (MCs) form the superficial anatomic layer of serosal membranes, including pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, and the tunica of the reproductive organs. MCs produce a protective, non-adhesive barrier against physical and biochemical damages. MCs express a wide range of phenotypic markers, including vimentin and cytokeratins. MCs play key roles in fluid transport and inflammation, as reflected by the modulation of biochemical markers such as transporters, adhesion molecules, cytokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen species and their scavengers. MCs synthesize extracellular matrix related molecules, and the surface of MC microvilli secretes a highly hydrophilic protective barrier, "glycocalyx", consisting mainly of glycosaminoglycans. MCs maintain a balance between procoagulant and fibrinolytic activation by producing a whole range of regulators, can synthetize fibrin and therefore form adhesions. Synthesis and recognition of hyaluronan and sialic acids might be a new insight to explain immunoactive and immunoregulatory properties of MCs. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition of MCs may involve serosal repair and remodeling. MCs might also play a role in the development and remodeling of visceral adipose tissue. Taken together, MCs play important roles in health and disease in serosal cavities of the body. The mesothelium is not just a membrane and should be considered as an organ.
Collapse
|
29
|
Protein kinase C α inhibition prevents peritoneal damage in a mouse model of chronic peritoneal exposure to high-glucose dialysate. Kidney Int 2016; 89:1253-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
30
|
Sandoval P, Jiménez-Heffernan JA, Guerra-Azcona G, Pérez-Lozano ML, Rynne-Vidal Á, Albar-Vizcaíno P, Gil-Vera F, Martín P, Coronado MJ, Barcena C, Dotor J, Majano PL, Peralta AA, López-Cabrera M. Mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the pathogenesis of post-surgical peritoneal adhesions. J Pathol 2016; 239:48-59. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sandoval
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa; CSIC. Cantoblanco; Madrid Spain
| | - José A Jiménez-Heffernan
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica; Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP); Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Ángela Rynne-Vidal
- Centro de Biología Molecular-Severo Ochoa; CSIC. Cantoblanco; Madrid Spain
| | - Patricia Albar-Vizcaíno
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP); Madrid Spain
| | | | - Paloma Martín
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica; Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro; Madrid Spain
| | - María José Coronado
- Unidad de Microscopía Confocal, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Puerta de Hierro; Madrid Spain
| | - Carmen Barcena
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre; Madrid Spain
| | | | - Pedro Lorenzo Majano
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP); Madrid Spain
| | - Abelardo Aguilera Peralta
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario La Princesa; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP); Madrid Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Schaefer B, Bartosova M, Macher-Goeppinger S, Ujszaszi A, Wallwiener M, Nyarangi-Dix J, Sallay P, Burkhardt D, Querfeld U, Pfeifle V, Lahrmann B, Schwenger V, Wühl E, Holland-Cunz S, Schaefer F, Schmitt CP. Quantitative Histomorphometry of the Healthy Peritoneum. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21344. [PMID: 26905058 PMCID: PMC4763997 DOI: 10.1038/srep21344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The peritoneum plays an essential role in preventing abdominal frictions and adhesions and can be utilized as a dialysis membrane. Its physiological ultrastructure, however, has not yet been studied systematically. 106 standardized peritoneal and 69 omental specimens were obtained from 107 patients (0.1–60 years) undergoing surgery for disease not affecting the peritoneum for automated quantitative histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry. The mesothelial cell layer morphology and protein expression pattern is similar across all age groups. Infants below one year have a thinner submesothelium; inflammation, profibrotic activity and mesothelial cell translocation is largely absent in all age groups. Peritoneal blood capillaries, lymphatics and nerve fibers locate in three distinct submesothelial layers. Blood vessel density and endothelial surface area follow a U-shaped curve with highest values in infants below one year and lowest values in children aged 7–12 years. Lymphatic vessel density is much lower, and again highest in infants. Omental blood capillary density correlates with parietal peritoneal findings, whereas only few lymphatic vessels are present. The healthy peritoneum exhibits major thus far unknown particularities, pertaining to functionally relevant structures, and subject to substantial changes with age. The reference ranges established here provide a framework for future histomorphometric analyses and peritoneal transport modeling approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betti Schaefer
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Akos Ujszaszi
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Markus Wallwiener
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Sallay
- First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorothea Burkhardt
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Querfeld
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktoria Pfeifle
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children´s Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Lahrmann
- Bioquant, Hamamatsu Tissue Imaging and Analysis (TIGA) Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Elke Wühl
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children´s Hospital Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz Schaefer
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claus P Schmitt
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Peritoneal EMT and Fibrosis. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3543678. [PMID: 26941801 PMCID: PMC4752998 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3543678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis is a form of renal replacement alternative to the hemodialysis. During this treatment, the peritoneal membrane acts as a permeable barrier for exchange of solutes and water. Continual exposure to dialysis solutions, as well as episodes of peritonitis and hemoperitoneum, can cause acute/chronic inflammation and injury to the peritoneal membrane, which undergoes progressive fibrosis, angiogenesis, and vasculopathy, eventually leading to discontinuation of the peritoneal dialysis. Among the different events controlling this pathological process, epithelial to mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells plays a main role in the induction of fibrosis and in subsequent functional deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Here, the main extracellular inducers and cellular players are described. Moreover, signaling pathways acting during this process are elucidated, with emphasis on signals delivered by TGF-β family members and by Toll-like/IL-1β receptors. The understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane has both a basic and a translational relevance, since it may be useful for setup of therapies aimed at counteracting the deterioration as well as restoring the homeostasis of the peritoneal membrane.
Collapse
|
33
|
Ferrantelli E, Liappas G, Vila Cuenca M, Keuning ED, Foster TL, Vervloet MG, Lopéz-Cabrera M, Beelen RHJ. The dipeptide alanyl-glutamine ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis and attenuates IL-17 dependent pathways during peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int 2016; 89:625-35. [PMID: 26880457 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) can result in chronic inflammation and progressive peritoneal membrane damage. Alanyl-Glutamine (Ala-Gln), a dipeptide with immunomodulatory effects, improved resistance of mesothelial cells to PD fluids. Recently, interleukin-17 (IL-17) was found to be associated with PD-induced peritoneal damage. Here we studied the capacity of intraperitoneal Ala-Gln administration to protect against peritoneal damage by modulating IL-17 expression in uremic rat and mouse PD exposure models. Supplementation of PD fluid with Ala-Gln resulted in reduced peritoneal thickness, αSMA expression and angiogenesis. Addition of Ala-Gln also attenuated the IL-17 pathway expression induced by PD, reflected by substantial reduction or normalization of peritoneal levels of IL-17, transforming growth factor β, IL-6, and the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor gamma T. Moreover, increased levels of IL-17 were associated with PD-induced peritoneal thickening. Conversely, Ala-Gln treatment prevented peritoneal extracellular matrix deposition, an effect seen with IL-17 blockade. Thus, intraperitoneal administration of Ala-Gln, a stable dipeptide commonly used in parenteral nutrition, ameliorates PD-induced peritoneal damage in animal models, in part by modulating IL-17 expression. Hence, Ala-Gln supplementation of dialysate may be a potential strategy to ameliorate peritoneal deterioration during PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Ferrantelli
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Liappas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Vila Cuenca
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco D Keuning
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas L Foster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc G Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robert H J Beelen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu Y, Dong Z, Liu H, Zhu J, Liu F, Chen G. Transition of mesothelial cell to fibroblast in peritoneal dialysis: EMT, stem cell or bystander? Perit Dial Int 2015; 35:14-25. [PMID: 25700459 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) can lead to fibrotic changes in the peritoneum, characterized by loss of mesothelial cells (MCs) and thickening of the submesothelial area with an accumulation of collagen and myofibroblasts. The origin of myofibroblasts is a central question in peritoneal fibrosis that remains unanswered at present. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have suggested that MCs, through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), contribute to the pool of peritoneal myofibroblasts. However, recent work has placed significant doubts on the paradigm of EMT in organ fibrogenesis (in the kidney particularly), highlighting the need to reconsider the role of EMT in the generation of myofibroblasts in peritoneal fibrosis. In particular, selective cell isolation and lineage-tracing experiments have suggested the existence of progenitor cells in the peritoneum, which are able to switch to fibroblast-like cells when stimulated by the local environment. These findings highlight the plastic nature of MCs and its contribution to peritoneal fibrogenesis. In this review, we summarize the key findings and caveats of EMT in organ fibrogenesis, with a focus on PD-related peritoneal fibrosis, and discuss the potential of peritoneal MCs as a source of myofibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jiefu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
A Novel Mouse Model of Peritoneal Dialysis: Combination of Uraemia and Long-Term Exposure to PD Fluid. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:106902. [PMID: 26587530 PMCID: PMC4637431 DOI: 10.1155/2015/106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Different animal models for peritoneal dialysis (PD) have been used in the past decades to develop PD fluids compatible with patient life and to identify markers of peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation. Only few of those studies have taken into account the importance of uraemia-induced alterations at both systemic and peritoneal levels. Moreover, some animal studies which have reported about PD in a uremic setting did not always entirely succeed in terms of uraemia establishment and animal survival. In the present study we induced uraemia in the recently established mouse PD exposure model in order to obtain a more clinically relevant mouse model for kidney patients. This new designed model reflected both the slight thickening of peritoneal membrane induced by uraemia and the significant extracellular matrix deposition due to daily PD fluid instillation. In addition the model offers the opportunity to perform long-term exposure to PD fluids, as it is observed in the clinical setting, and gives the advantage to knock out candidate markers for driving peritoneal inflammatory mechanisms.
Collapse
|
36
|
Regulation of synthesis and roles of hyaluronan in peritoneal dialysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:427038. [PMID: 26550568 PMCID: PMC4621352 DOI: 10.1155/2015/427038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) is a ubiquitous extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan composed of repeated disaccharide units of alternating D-glucuronic acid and D-N-acetylglucosamine residues linked via alternating β-1,4 and β-1,3 glycosidic bonds. HA is synthesized in humans by HA synthase (HAS) enzymes 1, 2, and 3, which are encoded by the corresponding HAS genes. Previous in vitro studies have shown characteristic changes in HAS expression and increased HA synthesis in response to wounding and proinflammatory cytokines in human peritoneal mesothelial cells. In addition, in vivo models and human peritoneal biopsy samples have provided evidence of changes in HA metabolism in the fibrosis that at present accompanies peritoneal dialysis treatment. This review discusses these published observations and how they might contribute to improvement in peritoneal dialysis.
Collapse
|
37
|
New developments in peritoneal fibroblast biology: implications for inflammation and fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:134708. [PMID: 26495280 PMCID: PMC4606153 DOI: 10.1155/2015/134708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Uraemia and long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) can lead to fibrotic thickening of the peritoneal membrane, which may limit its dialytic function. Peritoneal fibrosis is associated with the appearance of myofibroblasts and expansion of extracellular matrix. The extent of contribution of resident peritoneal fibroblasts to these changes is a matter of debate. Recent studies point to a significant heterogeneity and complexity of the peritoneal fibroblast population. Here, we review recent developments in peritoneal fibroblast biology and summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of peritoneal fibroblasts in peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a novel target to ameliorate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells. J Transl Med 2015; 95:1157-73. [PMID: 26192086 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2015.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis of peritoneal mesothelial cells are known to be the earliest mechanisms of peritoneal fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress with an unfolded protein response is regarded to have a role in the development of organ fibrosis. To investigate the potential role of ER stress as a target to prevent and/or delay the development of peritoneal fibrosis, we examined the effect of ER stress on EMT or apoptosis of human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and elucidated the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of ER stress preconditioning on TGF-β1-induced EMT. ER stress inducers, tunicamycin (TM) and thapsigargin (TG), induced EMT with Smad2/3 phosphorylation, an increased nuclear translocation of β-catenin and Snail expression. Low concentrations of TM and TG did not induce apoptosis within 48 h; however, high concentrations of TM- (>1 ng/ml) and TG- (>1 nM) induced apoptosis at 12 h with a persistent increase in C/EBP homologous protein. TGF-β1 induced EMT and apoptosis in HPMCs, which was ameliorated by taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid, an ER stress blocker. Interestingly, pre-treatment with TM or TG for 4 h also protected the cells from TGF-β1-induced EMT and apoptosis, demonstrating the role of ER stress as an adaptive response to protect HPMCs from EMT and apoptosis. Peritoneal mesothelial cells isolated from PD patients displayed an increase in GRP78/94, which was correlated with the degree of EMT. These findings suggest that the modulation of ER stress in HPMCs could serve as a novel approach to ameliorate peritoneal damage in PD patients.
Collapse
|
39
|
The Mesothelial Origin of Carcinoma Associated-Fibroblasts in Peritoneal Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1994-2011. [PMID: 26426054 PMCID: PMC4695872 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid tumors are complex and unstructured organs that, in addition to cancer cells, also contain other cell types. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent an important population in the tumor microenviroment and participate in several stages of tumor progression, including cancer cell migration/invasion and metastasis. During peritoneal metastasis, cancer cells detach from the primary tumor, such as ovarian or gastrointestinal, disseminate through the peritoneal fluid and colonize the peritoneum. Tumor cells metastasize by attaching to and invading through the mesothelial cell (MC) monolayer that lines the peritoneal cavity, then colonizing the submesothelial compact zone where CAFs accumulate. CAFs may derive from different sources depending on the surrounding metastatic niche. In peritoneal metastasis, a sizeable subpopulation of CAFs originates from MCs through a mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), which promotes adhesion, invasion, vascularization and subsequent tumor growth. The bidirectional communication between cancer cells and MC-derived CAFs via secretion of a wide range of cytokines, growth factors and extracellular matrix components seems to be crucial for the establishment and progression of the metastasis in the peritoneum. This manuscript provides a comprehensive review of novel advances in understanding how peritoneal CAFs provide cancer cells with a supportive microenvironment, as well as the development of future therapeutic approaches by interfering with the MMT in the peritoneum.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ditsawanon P, Aramwit P. Preserving the peritoneal membrane in long-term peritoneal dialysis patients. J Clin Pharm Ther 2015; 40:508-516. [PMID: 26280248 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been widely used by patients with end-stage renal disease. However, chronic exposure of the peritoneal membrane to bioincompatible PD solutions, and peritonitis and uraemia during long-term dialysis result in peritoneal membrane injury and thereby contribute to membrane changes, ultrafiltration (UF) failure, inadequate dialysis and technical failure. Therefore, preserving the peritoneal membrane is important to maintain the efficacy of PD. This article reviews the current literature on therapeutic agents for preserving the peritoneal membrane. METHODS A literature search of PubMed was conducted using the search terms peritoneal fibrosis, peritoneal sclerosis, membrane, integrity, preserve, therapy and peritoneal dialysis, but not including peritonitis. Published clinical trials, in vitro studies, experimental trials in animal models, meta-analyses and review articles were identified and reviewed for relevance. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We focus on understanding how factors cause peritoneal membrane changes, the characteristics and mechanisms of peritoneal membrane changes in patients undergoing PD and the types of therapeutic agents for peritoneal membrane preservation. There have been many investigations into the preservation of the peritoneal membrane, including PD solution improvement, the inhibition of cytokine and growth factor expression using renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), L-carnitine and taurine additives. In addition, there are potential future therapeutic agents that are still in experimental investigations. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The efficacy of many of the therapeutic agents is uncertain because there are insufficient good-quality clinical studies. Overall membrane preservation and patient survival remain unproven in using more biocompatible PD solutions. With RAAS blockade, results are still inconclusive, as many of the clinical studies were retrospective. With GAGs, L-carnitine and taurine additives, there is no sufficiently long follow-up clinical study with a large sample size to support its efficacy. Therefore, better quality clinical studies within this area should be performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ditsawanon
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Aramwit
- Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wang Y, Yang G, Zhu Z, Liang D, Niu P, Gao A, Chen L, Tian L. Effect of bone morphogenic protein-7 on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in silicosis model. Exp Mol Pathol 2015; 98:393-402. [PMID: 25773679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study presented the effect of bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in silicosis model. In vivo, Wistar rats were exposed to silica by intratracheal instillation. Seven days later rats were treated with BMP-7. Rats were sacrificed at 15 and 30days after exposure of silica. The results demonstrated vimentin expression was down-regulated; and E-cadherin was up-regulated after intervention with BMP-7. The TGF-β expression and phosphorylation-p38 were lower in BMP-7 treated group than in silica group. In vitro, p38 MAPK/Snail signaling pathway was involved in the occurrence of EMT in A549 cells treated by silica. EMT was inhibited by BMP-7. The data showed BMP-7 inhibited EMT induced by silica associated with inhibition of p38 MAPK/Snail pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Gengxia Yang
- Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhu
- Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Di Liang
- Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Occupational Health, Environmental Health School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang G, Zhu Z, Wang Y, Gao A, Niu P, Chen L, Tian L. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 attenuates epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by silica. Hum Exp Toxicol 2015; 35:69-77. [PMID: 25733726 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115577550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical process in the pulmonary fibrosis. It has been reported that bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) was able to reverse EMT in proximal tubular cells. Therefore, we test the hypothesis that EMT contributes to silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis and BMP-7 inhibits EMT in silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Progressive silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the rat was used as a model of silicosis. Epithelial and mesenchymal markers were measured from rat fibrotic lungs. Then the effects of BMP-7 on the EMT were further confirmed in A549 cells. There are increases of vimentin as a mesenchymal marker and decreases of E-cadherin as an epithelial marker in the silica-exposed rat lungs, which is in agreement with the A549 cells data. However, BMP-7 treatment significantly reduced expression of vimentin in the rat pulmonary fibrosis model and in A549 cells. In conclusion, EMT contributes to silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Meanwhile, the treatment of BMP-7 can inhibit silica-induced EMT in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Z Zhu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Y Wang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - A Gao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - P Niu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Chen
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - L Tian
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Farhat K, Stavenuiter AWD, Beelen RHJ, Ter Wee PM. Pharmacologic targets and peritoneal membrane remodeling. Perit Dial Int 2014; 34:114-23. [PMID: 24525599 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2011.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with functional and structural changes of the peritoneal membrane, also known as peritoneal remodeling. The peritoneal membrane is affected by many endogenous and exogenous factors such as cytokines, PD fluids, and therapeutic interventions. Here, we present an overview of various studies that have investigated pharmacologic interventions aimed at regression of peritoneal damage and prolongation of PD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karima Farhat
- Department of Nephrology,1 VU University Medical Center, and Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology,2 VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Siddique I, Curran SP, Ghayur A, Liu L, Shi W, Hoff CM, Gangji AS, Brimble KS, Margetts PJ. Gremlin promotes peritoneal membrane injury in an experimental mouse model and is associated with increased solute transport in peritoneal dialysis patients. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2976-84. [PMID: 25194662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The peritoneal membrane becomes damaged in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). Gremlin 1 (GREM1) inhibits bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) and plays a role in kidney development and fibrosis. We evaluated the role of gremlin in peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis. In a cohort of 32 stable PD patients, GREM1 concentration in the peritoneal effluent correlated with measures of peritoneal membrane damage. AdGrem1, an adenovirus to overexpress gremlin in the mouse peritoneum, induced submesothelial thickening, fibrosis, and angiogenesis in C57BL/6 mice, which was associated with decreased expression of BMP4 and BMP7. There was evidence of mesothelial cell transition to a mesenchymal phenotype with increased α smooth muscle actin expression and suppression of E-cadherin. Some of the GREM1 effects may be reversed with recombinant BMP7 or a pan-specific transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) antibody. Neovascularization was not inhibited with a TGF-β antibody, suggesting a TGF-β-independent angiogenic mechanism. Swiss/Jackson Laboratory (SJL) mice, which are resistant to TGF-β-induced peritoneal fibrosis, responded in a similar fashion to AdGrem1 as did C57BL/6 mice with fibrosis, angiogenesis, and mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. GREM1 was associated with up-regulated TGF-β expression in both SJL and C57BL/6 mice, but SJL mice demonstrated a defective TGF-β-induced GREM1 expression. In summary, GREM1 induces fibrosis and angiogenesis in mouse peritoneum and is associated with increased solute transport in these PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad Siddique
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon P Curran
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ayesha Ghayur
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Limin Liu
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei Shi
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Azim S Gangji
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - K Scott Brimble
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter J Margetts
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Busnadiego O, Loureiro-Álvarez J, Sandoval P, Lagares D, Dotor J, Pérez-Lozano ML, López-Armada MJ, Lamas S, López-Cabrera M, Rodríguez-Pascual F. A pathogenetic role for endothelin-1 in peritoneal dialysis-associated fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 26:173-82. [PMID: 25012164 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013070799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD), chronic exposure to nonphysiologic PD fluids elicits low-grade peritoneal inflammation, leading to fibrosis and angiogenesis. Phenotype conversion of mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts, the so-called mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), significantly contributes to the peritoneal dysfunction related to PD. A number of factors have been described to induce MMT in vitro and in vivo, of which TGF-β1 is probably the most important. The vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a transcriptional target of TGF-β1 and mediates excessive scarring and fibrosis in several tissues. This work studied the contribution of ET-1 to the development of peritoneal damage and failure in a mouse model of PD. ET-1 and its receptors were expressed in the peritoneal membrane and upregulated on PD fluid exposure. Administration of an ET receptor antagonist, either bosentan or macitentan, markedly attenuated PD-induced MMT, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and peritoneal functional decline. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ET-1 induced MMT in human mesothelial cells in vitro and promoted the early cellular events associated with peritoneal dysfunction in vivo. Notably, TGF-β1-blocking peptides prevented these actions of ET-1. Furthermore, a positive reciprocal relationship was observed between ET-1 expression and TGF-β1 expression in human mesothelial cells. These results strongly support a role for an ET-1/TGF-β1 axis as an inducer of MMT and subsequent peritoneal damage and fibrosis, and they highlight ET-1 as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of PD-associated dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Busnadiego
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Loureiro-Álvarez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Laboratorio de Envejecimiento e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - Pilar Sandoval
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Lagares
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Luisa Pérez-Lozano
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J López-Armada
- Laboratorio de Envejecimiento e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain; and
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Pascual
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
MiR-30b is involved in methylglyoxal-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of peritoneal mesothelial cells in rats. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2014; 19:315-29. [PMID: 24898602 PMCID: PMC6276001 DOI: 10.2478/s11658-014-0199-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMC) is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis. EMT is at least in part caused by repeated exposure to glucose degradation products (GDPs), such as methylglyoxal (MGO). MiRNA contributes greatly to the EMT of PMCs. In this study, we tried to profile whether differences exist between the peritoneal membrane (PM) miRNA expression seen in control rats and that seen in rats injected intraperitoneally with MGO. We assessed whether miR-30b has a possible role in MGO-induced EMT of PMCs in rats. Comparative miRNA expression array and real-time PCR analyses were conducted for the control group at the start of the experiment and for the MGO group after 1 and 2 weeks. During the second week, the MGO rats were treated with: a chemically modified antisense RNA oligonucleotide (ASO) complementary to the mature miR-30b (ASO group); an miR-30b mismatch control sequence (MIS group); or a citrate buffer (EMT group). Bioinformatic analyses indicated that the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) mRNA did contain a putative binding site for miR-30b. We also tried to investigate whether miR-30b targeted BMP7 in vitro by transfection. Of the upregulated miRNAs, miR-30b expression demonstrated the greatest increase. The administration of miR-30b ASO for two weeks significantly reduced α-SMA excretion and upregulated E-cadherin and BMP-7 expression. Our in vitro study showed that miR-30b directly targeted and inhibited BMP7 by binding to its 3’-UTR. Our results revealed that miR-30b is involved in MGO-induced EMT of PMCs in rats.
Collapse
|
47
|
Guo J, Xiao J, Gao H, Jin Y, Zhao Z, Jiao W, Liu Z, Zhao Z. Cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions are involved in ultrafiltration failure. J Surg Res 2014; 188:527-536.e2. [PMID: 24559584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with ultrafiltration failure (UFF). The aim of the study was to investigate changes in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) expressions in a rat model of UFF induced by PD solution. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 8/group): normal untreated control group, sham operation group, uremic group (nephrectomy without PD), uremic 2-wk PD group (PD solution for 2 wk), uremic 4-wk PD group (PD solution for 4 wk), and uremic 4-wk PD + celecoxib group (PD solution plus COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib 20 mg/kg for 4 wk). Peritoneal function was determined by peritoneal equilibration test. Peritoneal morphology was determined by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. Microvessel and lymphatic microvessel formation was determined by immunohistochemistry. COX-2, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Uremic rat model was successfully established. PD-induced peritoneal morphologic changes associated with UFF, characterized by inflammation, edema, and collagen accumulation. PD solution increased the density of microvessels marked by CD31 (microvessel density) and lymphatic microvessels marked by LYVE-1 (lymphatic vessel density) in peritoneum. COX-2, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C expression levels in the uremic 4-wk PD group were higher than those in the uremic group (all P < 0.05). All these changes were partially reversed by celecoxib. VEGF-A and VEGF-C protein expressions were positively correlated with microvessel density and lymphatic vessel density formation. CONCLUSIONS COX-2 could increase VEGF-A and VEGF-C expressions in peritoneal tissue, resulting in increased formation of peritoneal microvessels and lymphatic microvessels, playing pivotal roles in the development of UFF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Guo
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huanhuan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yunfeng Jin
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenju Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhanzheng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Nephropathy Research Institutes of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China; Key-Disciplines Laboratory Clinical-Medicine Henan, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mesenchymal Conversion of Mesothelial Cells Is a Key Event in the Pathophysiology of the Peritoneum during Peritoneal Dialysis. Adv Med 2014; 2014:473134. [PMID: 26556413 PMCID: PMC4590954 DOI: 10.1155/2014/473134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a therapeutic option for the treatment of end-stage renal disease and is based on the use of the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane for the exchange of toxic solutes and water. Long-term exposure of the peritoneal membrane to hyperosmotic PD fluids causes inflammation, loss of the mesothelial cells monolayer, fibrosis, vasculopathy, and angiogenesis, which may lead to peritoneal functional decline. Peritonitis may further exacerbate the injury of the peritoneal membrane. In parallel with these peritoneal alterations, mesothelial cells undergo an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which has been associated with peritoneal deterioration. Factors contributing to the bioincompatibility of classical PD fluids include the high content of glucose/glucose degradation products (GDPs) and their acidic pH. New generation low-GDPs-neutral pH fluids have improved biocompatibility resulting in better preservation of the peritoneum. However, standard glucose-based fluids are still needed, as biocompatible solutions are expensive for many potential users. An alternative approach to preserve the peritoneal membrane, complementary to the efforts to improve fluid biocompatibility, is the use of pharmacological agents protecting the mesothelium. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances that point to the EMT of mesothelial cells as a potential therapeutic target to preserve membrane function.
Collapse
|
49
|
Foster TL, Ferrantelli E, van Wier-van der Schaaf T, Beelen RHJ. European Training and Research in Peritoneal Dialysis: scientific objectives, training, implementation and impact of the programme. J Ren Care 2013; 40:34-9. [PMID: 24325343 DOI: 10.1002/jorc.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal dialysis (PD) offers many advantages over hospital-based haemodialysis, including better quality of life. Despite this, there is a general under-utilisation of PD in Europe, which, to some extent, can be attributed to a lack of knowledge and education amongst renal clinicians and nurses. OBJECTIVES The specific aim of the European Training and Research in Peritoneal Dialysis (EuTRiPD) programme is to address this lack of knowledge, to develop a minimum of five biomarkers that allow the prediction of outcome in PD and three therapeutic treatments to improve outcome in PD. APPROACH EuTRiPD is a EU-wide consortium with clinical, academic and commercial partners set up to address this knowledge gap. By training through research and close collaboration between academic and commercial entities we hope to improve the outcome and uptake of PD. It is the goal of EuTRiPD to improve the currently hampered diagnostic therapeutic developments in renal replacement therapy (RRT) and structure existing high-quality PD-related research across Europe. CONCLUSION It is hoped that EuTRiPD can and will have a significant impact on socio-economic and scientific aspects of PD. It is the aim for EuTRiPD to boost the uptake of PD throughout Europe by making PD the obvious choice for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom L Foster
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center (VUMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Peritoneal fibrosis and the putative role of decorin. Int J Organ Transplant Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjn.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|