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Coulter DW, Chhonker YS, Kumar D, Kesherwani V, Aldhafiri WN, McIntyre EM, Alexander G, Ray S, Joshi SS, Li R, Murry DJ, Chaturvedi NK. Marinopyrrole derivative MP1 as a novel anti-cancer agent in group 3 MYC-amplified Medulloblastoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:18. [PMID: 38200580 PMCID: PMC10782703 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medulloblastoma (MB) patients with MYC oncogene amplification or overexpression exhibit extremely poor prognoses and therapy resistance. However, MYC itself has been one of the most challenging targets for cancer treatment. Here, we identify a novel marinopyrrole natural derivative, MP1, that shows desirable anti-MYC and anti-cancer activities in MB. METHODS In this study, using MYC-amplified (Group 3) and non-MYC amplified MB cell lines in vitro and in vivo, we evaluated anti-cancer efficacies and molecular mechanism(s) of MP1. RESULTS MP1 significantly suppressed MB cell growth and sphere counts and induced G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a MYC-dependent manner. Mechanistically, MP1 strongly downregulated the expression of MYC protein. Our results with RNA-seq revealed that MP1 significantly modulated global gene expression and inhibited MYC-associated transcriptional targets including translation/mTOR targets. In addition, MP1 inhibited MYC-target metabolism, leading to declined energy levels. The combination of MP1 with an FDA-approved mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus synergistically inhibited MB cell growth/survival by downregulating the expression of MYC and mTOR signaling components. Our results further showed that as single agents, both MP1 and temsirolimus, were able to significantly inhibit tumor growth and MYC expression in subcutaneously or orthotopically MYC-amplified MB bearing mice. In combination, there were further anti-MB effects on the tumor growth and MYC expression in mice. CONCLUSION These preclinical findings highlight the promise of marinopyrrole MP1 as a novel MYC inhibition approach for MYC-amplified MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don W Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Yashpal S Chhonker
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Varun Kesherwani
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Wafaa N Aldhafiri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Erin M McIntyre
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Gracey Alexander
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sutapa Ray
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Shantaram S Joshi
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Rongshi Li
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Daryl J Murry
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Nagendra K Chaturvedi
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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2
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Rechberger JS, Toll SA, Vanbilloen WJF, Daniels DJ, Khatua S. Exploring the Molecular Complexity of Medulloblastoma: Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2398. [PMID: 37510143 PMCID: PMC10378552 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13142398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Over the last few decades, significant progress has been made in revealing the key molecular underpinnings of this disease, leading to the identification of distinct molecular subgroups with different clinical outcomes. In this review, we provide an update on the molecular landscape of medulloblastoma and treatment strategies. We discuss the four main molecular subgroups (WNT-activated, SHH-activated, and non-WNT/non-SHH groups 3 and 4), highlighting the key genetic alterations and signaling pathways associated with each entity. Furthermore, we explore the emerging role of epigenetic regulation in medulloblastoma and the mechanism of resistance to therapy. We also delve into the latest developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapies. Continuing collaborative efforts are needed to further unravel the complex molecular mechanisms and profile optimal treatment for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S Rechberger
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stephanie A Toll
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Wouter J F Vanbilloen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Neurology, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, 5022 Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - David J Daniels
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Soumen Khatua
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Section of Neuro-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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3
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Singh S, Bhardwaj M, Sen A, Nambiyar K, Ahuja A. Cancer Stem Cell Markers - CD133 and CD44 - in Paediatric Solid Tumours: A Study of Immunophenotypic Expression and Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters. Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:113-121. [PMID: 36891437 PMCID: PMC9986167 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-022-01626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paediatric solid tumours account for about 30% of all the paediatric malignancies. They differ from adult tumours in various aspects like incidence, etiopathogenesis, biology, response rate and outcome. Immunohistochemical markers such as CD133, CD44, CD24, CD90, CD34, CD117, CD20 and ALDH 1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase-1) have been proposed to detect cancer stem cells in tumours. CD133 is a marker of tumour initiating cells in many human cancers and therefore, it may be possible to develop future therapies by targeting cancer stem cells via this marker. CD44 is a transmembrane glycoprotein also known as homing cell adhesion molecule. It is a multifunctional cell-adhesion molecule and plays an important role in cell-cell interaction, lymphocyte homing, tumour progression and metastasis. In the present study, we assessed the expression of CD133 and CD44 in paediatric solid tumours and correlated their expression with clinico-pathological parameters in paediatric solid tumours. This study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in the department of pathology at a tertiary care centre. All the histologically diagnosed paediatric solid tumours for a period of one year and four months were retrieved from the archives. The cases were reviewed and included in the study after obtaining informed consent. Immunohistochemistry using the monoclonal antibodies for CD133 and CD44 was performed in the representative tissue sections of all the cases. Immuno-scores were assessed, and the results were compared using Pearson's chi-square test. The present study included 50 cases of paediatric solid tumours. The majority (34%) of the patients were in the age group of less than 5 years, with male preponderance (M:F = 2.3:1). The tumours included were Wilms tumour, yolk sac tumour, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST), medulloblastomas, pilocytic astrocytomas, ependymomas and glioblastoma. On immunohistochemical analysis, high expression of CD133 and CD44 was found. A significant association between the expression of CD133 and various tumour groups was observed (p = 0.004). However, CD44 showed variable expression in different tumour groups. Both CD133 and CD44 identified cancer stem cell in paediatric solid tumours. A further validation is warranted to investigate their potential role in therapy and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashikant Singh
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amita Sen
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaniyappan Nambiyar
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Ahuja
- Department of Pathology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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4
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Martín-Rubio P, Espiau-Romera P, Royo-García A, Caja L, Sancho P. Metabolic determinants of stemness in medulloblastoma. World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:587-598. [PMID: 36157911 PMCID: PMC9453267 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i8.587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastomas (MBs) are the most prevalent brain tumours in children. They are classified as grade IV, the highest in malignancy, with about 30% metastatic tumours at the time of diagnosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of tumour cells that can initiate and support tumour growth. In MB, CSCs contribute to tumour initiation, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Metabolic differences among the different MB groups have started to emerge. Sonic hedgehog tumours show enriched lipid and nucleic acid metabolism pathways, whereas Group 3 MBs upregulate glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glutamine anabolism, and glutathione-mediated anti-oxidant pathways. Such differences impact the clinical behaviour of MB tumours and can be exploited therapeutically. In this review, we summarise the existing knowledge about metabolic rewiring in MB, with a particular focus on MB-CSCs. Finally, we highlight some of the emerging metabolism-based therapeutic strategies for MB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba Royo-García
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Laia Caja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751, Sweden
| | - Patricia Sancho
- Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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5
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Paul MR, Zage PE. Overview and recent advances in the targeting of medulloblastoma cancer stem cells. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:957-974. [PMID: 34047251 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1932472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Medulloblastoma, an embryonal small round blue cell tumor primarily arising in the posterior fossa, is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system in children and requires intensive multi-modality therapy for cure. Overall 5-year survival is approximately 75% in children with primary disease, but outcomes for relapsed disease are very poor. Recent advances have identified molecular subgroups with excellent prognosis, with 5-year overall survival rates >90%, and subgroups with very poor prognosis with overall survival rates <50%. Molecular subtyping has allowed for more sophisticated risk stratification of patients, but new treatments for the highest risk patients have not yet improved outcomes. Targeting cancer stem cells may improve outcomes, and several candidate targets and novel drugs are under investigation.Areas covered: We discuss medulloblastoma epidemiology, biology, treatment modalities, risk stratification, and molecular subgroup analysis, links between subgroup and developmental biology, cancer stem cell biology in medulloblastoma including previously described cancer stem cell markers and proposed targeted treatments in the current literature.Expert opinion: The understanding of cancer stem cells in medulloblastoma will advance therapies targeting the most treatment-resistant cells within the tumor and therefore reduce the incidence of treatment refractory and relapsed disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Rose Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (M.R.P., P.E.Z.); Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Peter E Zage
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA (M.R.P., P.E.Z.); Peckham Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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6
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Feng Y, Jiang Y, Feng Q, Xu L, Jiang Y, Meng F, Shu X. A novel prognostic biomarker for muscle invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma based on 11 DNA methylation signature. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:1119-1127. [PMID: 33151129 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1833811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder urothelial carcinoma (MIBC) is a highly invasive cancer, which leads to prevalent recurrence and poor prognosis. Exploring the association of DNA methylation and the prognosis of MIBC will thus be of important value in clinical management and treatment. Bumphunter method and adaptive lasso regression were used to explore the relationship between different methylation regions (DMRs) and the prognosis of MIBC. Next, we constructed a risk prognosis model and validated this model. Moreover, the performance of this risk model was examined by using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). We identified 58,449 different methylation sites and 490 different methylation regions. Among them, 11 DMRs were associated with the prognosis of MIBC through rigorous screening. Through the linear combination of 11 DMRs, a putative marker was developed, which can distinguish the survival risk in both the training dataset (HR = 2.58, 95% CI = (1.64, 4.05)) and the verification dataset (HR = 2.77, 95% CI = (1.25, 6.15)). Relatively high predictive values were observed from this model for training dataset (AUC = 0.791) and verification dataset (AUC = 0.668). Stratified analysis showed that the association was independent of gender. A nomogram was additionally generated to predict 5-year survival probability containing risk score and pathological stage. Its performance was evaluated by applying calibration curve. The methylation signature risk model based on 11 DMRs may be a reliable prognostic signature for MIBC, which provides new insights into development of individualized therapy for MIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Harrison International Peace Hospital , Hengshui, China
| | - Qingting Feng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Lingkai Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Fang Meng
- Centre of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences , Beijing, China.,Unit of Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine , Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Shu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
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7
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Kabir TF, Kunos CA, Villano JL, Chauhan A. Immunotherapy for Medulloblastoma: Current Perspectives. Immunotargets Ther 2020; 9:57-77. [PMID: 32368525 PMCID: PMC7182450 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s198162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune-mediated therapies have transformed the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal, bladder, and both small and non-small cell lung carcinomas. However, immunotherapy is yet to demonstrate dramatic results in brain tumors like medulloblastoma for a variety of reasons. Recent pre-clinical and early phase human trials provide encouraging results that may overcome the challenges of central nervous system (CNS) tumors, which include the intrinsic immunosuppressive properties of these cancers, a lack of antigen targets, antigenic variability, and the immune-restrictive site of the CNS. These studies highlight the growing potential of immunotherapy to treat patients with medulloblastoma, a disease that is a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality to children and young adults. Methods We conducted an inclusive review of the PubMed-indexed literature and studies listed in clinicaltrials.gov using combinations of the keywords medulloblastoma, immunotherapy, CNS tumors, brain tumors, vaccines, oncolytic virus, natural killer, and CAR T to identify trials evaluating immunotherapy in preclinical experiments or in patients with medulloblastoma. Given a limited number of investigations using immunotherapy to treat patients with medulloblastoma, 24 studies were selected for final analysis and manuscript citation. Results This review presents results from pre-clinical studies in medulloblastoma cell lines, animal models, and the limited trials involving human patients. Conclusion From our review, we suggest that cancer vaccines, oncolytic viral therapy, natural killer cells, and CAR T therapy hold promise against the innate immunosuppressive properties of medulloblastoma in order to prolong survival. There is an unmet need for immunotherapy regimens that target overexpressed antigens in medulloblastoma tumors. We advocate for more combination treatment clinical trials using conventional surgical and radiochemotherapy approaches in the near-term clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvir F Kabir
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Charles A Kunos
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John L Villano
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Aman Chauhan
- Department of Internal Medicine-Medical Oncology, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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8
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Saha SK, Islam SMR, Kwak KS, Rahman MS, Cho SG. PROM1 and PROM2 expression differentially modulates clinical prognosis of cancer: a multiomics analysis. Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 27:147-167. [PMID: 31164716 PMCID: PMC7170805 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0109-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prominin 1 (PROM1) is considered a biomarker for cancer stem cells, although its biological role is unclear. Prominin 2 (PROM2) has also been associated with certain cancers. However, the prognostic value of PROM1 and PROM2 in cancer is controversial. Here, we performed a systematic data analysis to examine whether prominins can function as prognostic markers in human cancers. The expression of prominins was assessed and their prognostic value in human cancers was determined using univariate and multivariate survival analyses, via various online platforms. We selected a group of prominent functional protein partners of prominins by protein-protein interaction analysis. Subsequently, we investigated the relationship between mutations and copy number alterations in prominin genes and various types of cancers. Furthermore, we identified genes that correlated with PROM1 and PROM2 in certain cancers, based on their levels of expression. Gene ontology and pathway analyses were performed to assess the effect of these correlated genes on various cancers. We observed that PROM1 was frequently overexpressed in esophageal, liver, and ovarian cancers and its expression was negatively associated with prognosis, whereas PROM2 overexpression was associated with poor overall survival in lung and ovarian cancers. Based on the varying characteristics of prominins, we conclude that PROM1 and PROM2 expression differentially modulates the clinical outcomes of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - S M Riazul Islam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sup Kwak
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Nam-gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Shahedur Rahman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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9
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da Cunha Jaeger M, Ghisleni EC, Cardoso PS, Siniglaglia M, Falcon T, Brunetto AT, Brunetto AL, de Farias CB, Taylor MD, Nör C, Ramaswamy V, Roesler R. HDAC and MAPK/ERK Inhibitors Cooperate To Reduce Viability and Stemness in Medulloblastoma. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:981-992. [PMID: 32056089 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB), which originates from embryonic neural stem cells (NSCs) or neural precursors in the developing cerebellum, is the most common malignant brain tumor of childhood. Recurrent and metastatic disease is the principal cause of death and may be related to resistance within cancer stem cells (CSCs). Chromatin state is involved in maintaining signaling pathways related to stemness, and inhibition of histone deacetylase enzymes (HDAC) has emerged as an experimental therapeutic strategy to target this cell population. Here, we observed antitumor actions and changes in stemness induced by HDAC inhibition in MB. Analyses of tumor samples from patients with MB showed that the stemness markers BMI1 and CD133 are expressed in all molecular subgroups of MB. The HDAC inhibitor (HDACi) NaB reduced cell viability and expression of BMI1 and CD133 and increased acetylation in human MB cells. Enrichment analysis of genes associated with CD133 or BMI1 expression showed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signaling as the most enriched processes in MB tumors. MAPK/ERK inhibition reduced expression of the stemness markers, hindered MB neurosphere formation, and its antiproliferative effect was enhanced by combination with NaB. These results suggest that combining HDAC and MAPK/ERK inhibitors may be a novel and more effective approach in reducing MB proliferation when compared to single-drug treatments, through modulation of the stemness phenotype of MB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane da Cunha Jaeger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Chiesa Ghisleni
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Schoproni Cardoso
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marialva Siniglaglia
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Falcon
- Bioinformatics Core, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André T Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Algemir L Brunetto
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brunetto de Farias
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Children's Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Michael D Taylor
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina Nör
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rafael Roesler
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital (CPE-HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite, 500 (ICBS, Campus Centro/UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, 90050-170, Brazil.
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10
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Bahmad HF, Poppiti RJ. Medulloblastoma cancer stem cells: molecular signatures and therapeutic targets. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:243-249. [PMID: 32034059 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant primary intracranial neoplasm diagnosed in childhood. Although numerous efforts have been made during the past few years to exploit novel targeted therapies for this aggressive neoplasm, there still exist substantial hitches hindering successful management of MB. Lately, progress in cancer biology has shown evidence that a subpopulation of cells within the tumour, namely cancer stem cells (CSCs), are thought to be responsible for the resistance to most chemotherapeutic agents and radiation therapy, accounting for cancer recurrence. Hence, it is crucial to identify the molecular signatures and genetic aberrations that characterise those CSCs and develop therapies that specifically target them. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the main genetic and molecular cues that depict MB-CSCs and provide a synopsis of the novel therapeutic approaches that specifically target this population of cells to attain enhanced antitumorous effects and therefore overcome resistance to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham F Bahmad
- Arkadi M Rywlin MD Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Robert J Poppiti
- Arkadi M Rywlin MD Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, USA .,Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
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11
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Prakash R, Izraely S, Thareja NS, Lee RH, Rappaport M, Kawaguchi R, Sagi-Assif O, Ben-Menachem S, Meshel T, Machnicki M, Ohe S, Hoon DS, Coppola G, Witz IP, Carmichael ST. Regeneration Enhances Metastasis: A Novel Role for Neurovascular Signaling in Promoting Melanoma Brain Metastasis. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:297. [PMID: 31024232 PMCID: PMC6465799 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural repair after stroke involves initiation of a cellular proliferative program in the form of angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and molecular growth signals in the surrounding tissue elements. This cellular environment constitutes a niche in which regeneration of new blood vessels and new neurons leads to partial tissue repair after stroke. Cancer metastasis has similar proliferative cellular events in the brain and other organs. Do cancer and CNS tissue repair share similar cellular processes? In this study, we identify a novel role of the regenerative neurovascular niche induced by stroke in promoting brain melanoma metastasis through enhancing cellular interactions with surrounding niche components. Repair-mediated neurovascular signaling induces metastatic cells to express genes crucial to metastasis. Mimicking stroke-like conditions in vitro displays an enhancement of metastatic migration potential and allows for the determination of cell-specific signals produced by the regenerative neurovascular niche. Comparative analysis of both in vitro and in vivo expression profiles reveals a major contribution of endothelial cells in mediating melanoma metastasis. These results point to a previously undiscovered role of the regenerative neurovascular niche in shaping the tumor microenvironment and brain metastatic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Prakash
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nikita S Thareja
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rex H Lee
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Maya Rappaport
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Riki Kawaguchi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomit Ben-Menachem
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Machnicki
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shuichi Ohe
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Dave S Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, United States
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Wang Y, Jia F, Wang Z, Qian Y, Fan L, Gong H, Luo A, Sun J, Hu Z, Wang W. Boosting the Theranostic Effect of Liposomal Probes toward Prominin-1 through Optimized Dual-Site Targeting. Anal Chem 2019; 91:7245-7253. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fei Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yixia Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linyang Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - He Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Health Science Platform, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Centre for Neuroscience Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, Fujian, China
| | - Weizhi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Prognostic implication of NOTCH1 in early stage oral squamous cell cancer with occult metastases. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:1131-1138. [PMID: 28866747 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to explore the prognostic value of cancer stem cell markers, namely CD133, NANOG, and NOTCH1, in early stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred forty-four patients with early stage (cT1T2N0) OSCC were identified from a pre-existing database of patients with oral cancer. We examined the impact of the immunohistochemical expression of CD133, NANOG, and NOTCH1 in OSCC. Overall survival (OS) curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Predictors of outcome were identified using multivariate analysis. RESULTS We found that CD133, NANOG, and NOTCH1 were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, and NOTCH1 was also significantly associated with depth of invasion and locoregional recurrence. CONCLUSIONS NOTCH1 was identified as an independent prognostic factor for OS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE NOTCH1 might prove to be a useful indicator for high-risk patients with occult metastases from early stage OSCC.
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14
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Oncogenic role of cytomegalovirus in medulloblastoma? Cancer Lett 2017; 408:55-59. [PMID: 28844716 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common solid tumor among children. Current therapeutic strategies for this malignancy include surgical resection, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. However, these treatments are accompanied with serious side effects such as neurological complications and psychosocial problems, due to the severity of treatment on the developing nervous system. To solve this problem, novel therapeutic approaches are currently being investigated. One of them is targeting human cytomegalovirus in medulloblastoma cancer cells. However, this approach is still under debate, since the presence of cytomegalovirus in medulloblastomas remains controversial. In this review, we discuss the current controversies on the role of cytomegalovirus in medulloblastoma oncogenesis and the potential of cytomegalovirus as a novel (immuno)therapeutic target.
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Gu S, Chen K, Yin M, Wu Z, Wu Y. Proteomic profiling of isogenic primary and metastatic medulloblastoma cell lines reveals differential expression of key metastatic factors. J Proteomics 2017; 160:55-63. [PMID: 28363815 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Around 30% of medulloblastoma patients are diagnosed with metastasis, which often results in a poor prognosis. Unfortunately, molecular mechanisms of medulloblastoma metastasis remain largely unknown. In this study, we employed the recently developed deep proteome analysis approach to quantitatively profile the expression of >10,000 proteins from CHLA-01-MED and CHLA-01R-MED isogenic cell lines derived from the primary and metastatic tumor of the same patient diagnosed with a group IV medulloblastoma. Using statistical analysis, we identified ~1400 significantly altered proteins between the primary and metastatic cell lines including known factors such as placental growth factor (PLGF), LIM homeobox 1 (LHX1) and prominim 1 (PROM1), as well as the negative regulator secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC). Additional transwell experiments and immunohistochemical analysis of clinical medulloblastoma samples implicated yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) as a potential key factor contributing to metastasis. Taken together, our data broadly defines the metastasis-relevant regulated proteome and provides a precious resource for further investigating potential mechanisms of medulloblastoma metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE This study represented the first deep proteome analysis of metastatic medulloblastomas and provided a valuable candidate list of altered proteins in metastatic medulloblastomas. The primary data suggested YAP1 as a potential driver for the metastasis of medulloblastoma. These results open up numerous avenues for further investigating the underlying mechanisms of medulloblastoma metastasis and improving the prognosis of medulloblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Minzhi Yin
- Department of Pathology Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yeming Wu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; Division of Pediatric Oncology, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Su J, Lu E, Lu L, Zhang C. MiR-29a-3p suppresses cell proliferation in laryngocarcinoma by targeting prominin 1. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:645-651. [PMID: 28469977 PMCID: PMC5407896 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a regulatory role in various cancers including laryngocarcinoma. MiR‐29a‐3p is a potential tumor‐suppressive miRNA, but its function in laryngocarcinoma is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of miR‐29a‐3p in laryngocarcinoma. Prominin1 (PROM1) was predicted as a target gene of miR‐29a‐3p and this was verified using a luciferase reporter assay. Transfection of miR‐29a‐3p into two laryngocarcinoma cell lines indicated that miR‐29a‐3p could decrease cell proliferation and enhance the chemotherapy response by targeting PROM1. PROM1 expression was up‐regulated in the laryngocarcinoma cells when miR‐29a‐3p was down‐regulated. We found miR‐29a‐3p expression levels were lower in laryngocarcinoma tissues than in control tissues. We also found that miR‐29a‐3p expression was negatively correlated with PROM1 expression in laryngocarcinoma tissues. The study demonstrates that miR‐29a‐3p suppresses cell proliferation in laryngocarcinoma by targeting PROM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jili Su
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Eryong Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Lijuan Lu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
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17
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Zambo I, Hermanova M, Zapletalova D, Skoda J, Mudry P, Kyr M, Zitterbart K, Sterba J, Veselska R. Expression of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 in relation to the clinical outcome in pediatric sarcomas. Cancer Biomark 2017; 17:107-16. [PMID: 27314299 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 are recently discussed as putative markers, co-expression of which might determine a cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotype in sarcomas. OBJECTIVE Our study is focused on immunohistochemical analysis of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 expression in rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Furthermore, we also analyzed the possible correlation of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 expression levels with the patient outcome to identify potential prognostic values of these three putative CSC markers in the same cohorts. METHODS Using immunohistochemistry, expression of nestin, CD133 and ABCG2 was analyzed in 24 rhabdomyosarcoma, 22 Ewing sarcoma and 10 osteosarcoma tissue samples and expression levels of these markers were correlated with clinical outcome. RESULTS High nestin levels indicate poor prognosis in patients with Ewing sarcoma (P = 0.001), and high CD133 expression is associated with shorter survival in rhabdomyosarcoma patients (P = 0.002). In contrast, no significant relationship was found between ABCG2 expression and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis represents the first complex study of these three putative CSCs markers together in three different types of pediatric sarcomas and showed their possible prognostic values in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Zambo
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Hermanova
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Danica Zapletalova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skoda
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Mudry
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kyr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Zitterbart
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Renata Veselska
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.,Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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18
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Ginn KF, Fangman B, Terai K, Wise A, Ziazadeh D, Shah K, Gartrell R, Ricke B, Kimura K, Mathur S, Borrego-Diaz E, Farassati F. RalA is overactivated in medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 2016; 130:99-110. [PMID: 27566179 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-016-2236-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MDB) represents a major form of malignant brain tumors in the pediatric population. A vast spectrum of research on MDB has advanced our understanding of the underlying mechanism, however, a significant need still exists to develop novel therapeutics on the basis of gaining new knowledge about the characteristics of cell signaling networks involved. The Ras signaling pathway, one of the most important proto-oncogenic pathways involved in human cancers, has been shown to be involved in the development of neurological malignancies. We have studied an important effector down-stream of Ras, namely RalA (Ras-Like), for the first time and revealed overactivation of RalA in MDB. Affinity precipitation analysis of active RalA (RalA-GTP) in eight MDB cell lines (DAOY, RES256, RES262, UW228-1, UW426, UW473, D283 and D425) revealed that the majority contained elevated levels of active RalA (RalA-GTP) as compared with fetal cerebellar tissue as a normal control. Additionally, total RalA levels were shown to be elevated in 20 MDB patient samples as compared to normal brain tissue. The overall expression of RalA, however, was comparable in cancerous and normal samples. Other important effectors of RalA pathway including RalA binding protein-1 (RalBP1) and protein phosphatase A (PP2A) down-stream of Ral and Aurora kinase A (AKA) as an upstream RalA activator were also investigated in MDB. Considering the lack of specific inhibitors for RalA, we used gene specific silencing in order to inhibit RalA expression. Using a lentivirus expressing anti-RalA shRNA we successfully inhibited RalA expression in MDB and observed a significant reduction in proliferation and invasiveness. Similar results were observed using inhibitors of AKA and geranyl-geranyl transferase (non-specific inhibitors of RalA signaling) in terms of loss of in vivo tumorigenicity in heterotopic nude mouse model. Finally, once tested in cells expressing CD133 (a marker for MDB cancer stem cells), higher levels of RalA activation was observed. These data not only bring RalA to light as an important contributor to the malignant phenotype of MDB but introduces this pathway as a novel target in the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin F Ginn
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospital and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ben Fangman
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kaoru Terai
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Amanda Wise
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Daniel Ziazadeh
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kushal Shah
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Robyn Gartrell
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Brandon Ricke
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kyle Kimura
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sharad Mathur
- Research Service (151), Kansas City Veteran Affairs Medical Center & Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation-Saint Luke's Marion Bloch Brain Tumor Research Program, 4801 E Linwood Blvd, F5-123, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA
| | - Emma Borrego-Diaz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Faris Farassati
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, KS, USA. .,Research Service (151), Kansas City Veteran Affairs Medical Center & Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation-Saint Luke's Marion Bloch Brain Tumor Research Program, 4801 E Linwood Blvd, F5-123, Kansas City, MO, 64128, USA.
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19
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de la Rosa J, Sáenz Antoñanzas A, Shahi MH, Meléndez B, Rey JA, Castresana JS. Laminin-adherent versus suspension-non-adherent cell culture conditions for the isolation of cancer stem cells in the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12359-12370. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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20
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Friedman GK, Moore BP, Nan L, Kelly VM, Etminan T, Langford CP, Xu H, Han X, Markert JM, Beierle EA, Gillespie GY. Pediatric medulloblastoma xenografts including molecular subgroup 3 and CD133+ and CD15+ cells are sensitive to killing by oncolytic herpes simplex viruses. Neuro Oncol 2015; 18:227-35. [PMID: 26188016 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nov123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood medulloblastoma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality that is compounded by neurotoxicity for the developing brain caused by current therapies, including surgery, craniospinal radiation, and chemotherapy. Innate therapeutic resistance of some aggressive pediatric medulloblastoma has been attributed to a subpopulation of cells, termed cancer-initiating cells or cancer stemlike cells (CSCs), marked by the surface protein CD133 or CD15. Brain tumors characteristically contain areas of pathophysiologic hypoxia, which has been shown to drive the CSC phenotype leading to heightened invasiveness, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Novel therapies that target medulloblastoma CSCs are needed to improve outcomes and decrease toxicity. We hypothesized that oncolytic engineered herpes simplex virus (oHSV) therapy could effectively infect and kill pediatric medulloblastoma cells, including CSCs marked by CD133 or CD15. METHODS Using 4 human pediatric medulloblastoma xenografts, including 3 molecular subgroup 3 tumors, which portend worse patient outcomes, we determined the expression of CD133, CD15, and the primary HSV-1 entry molecule nectin-1 (CD111) by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Infectability and cytotoxicity of clinically relevant oHSVs (G207 and M002) were determined in vitro and in vivo by FACS, immunofluorescent staining, cytotoxicity assays, and murine survival studies. RESULTS We demonstrate that hypoxia increased the CD133+ cell fraction, while having the opposite effect on CD15 expression. We established that all 4 xenografts, including the CSCs, expressed CD111 and were highly sensitive to killing by G207 or M002. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric medulloblastoma, including Group 3 tumors, may be an excellent target for oHSV virotherapy, and a clinical trial in medulloblastoma is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K Friedman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Blake P Moore
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Li Nan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Virginia M Kelly
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Tina Etminan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Catherine P Langford
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Hui Xu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - James M Markert
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - Elizabeth A Beierle
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama (G.K.F., B.P.M., L.N., V.M.K.); Science and Technology Honors Program, Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (T.E.); Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (C.P.L., J.M.M., G.Y.G.); Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (H.X.); Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (X.H.); Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (E.A.B.)
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Qiu ZX, Zhao S, Mo XM, Li WM. Overexpression of PROM1 (CD133) confers poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:6589-6595. [PMID: 26261540 PMCID: PMC4525874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The surface marker PROM1 is considered one of the most important marker of tumor-initiating cells, and its high expression is believed to be an adverse prognostic factor in gliomas, medulloblastoma and in other malignancies. The aims of our research were to explore the expression profile of the PROM1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to assess its possible role as a prognostic factor. The protein expression profiles were determined via immunohistochemical staining assay. The clinical prognostic values of protein expression were investigated with univariate and multivariate survival analysis. The quantitative variable PROM1 expression was dichotomized according to the best cutoff value obtained by the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The protein level of PROM1 of NSCLC was higher compared with normal tissues, and the survival analysis demonstrated the positive membrane expression and combination of membrane/cytoplasm groups of PROM1 had worse prognosis than those negative expression groups. Also, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed membrane expression of PROM1 and lymph node invasion were the independent prognostic factors. The expression of PROM1 was significantly higher than normal tissue, and high levels of PROM1 membrane expression and combination of membrane/cytoplasm expression were associated with adverse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xin Qiu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Xian-Ming Mo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041, China
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22
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Zhang W, Chen H, Lv S, Yang H. High CD133 Expression Is Associated with Worse Prognosis in Patients with Glioblastoma. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2354-60. [PMID: 25983032 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9187-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The CD133 antigen has been identified as a putative stem cell marker in gliomas. However, the prognostic significance of CD133 expression in glioblastoma patients remained controversial. A meta-analysis of published data was performed to comprehensively assess the prognostic role of CD133 expression in glioblastoma patients. Publications assessing the prognostic significance of CD133 expression in glioblastoma patients were identified in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to November 2014. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated using meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic significance of CD133 expression in glioblastoma. Ten studies with a total of 715 glioblastoma patients were included into the meta-analysis. Overall, high CD133 expression was associated with poorer overall survival in patients with glioblastoma (HR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.46-2.64, P < 0.001). In addition, high CD133 expression was also associated with poorer progression-free survival in patients with glioblastoma (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.43-2.88, P < 0.001). Meta-analyses of studies with high quality showed that high CD133 expression was associated with both poorer overall survival (HR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.77-3.23, P < 0.001) and poorer progression-free survival (HR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.60-2.94, P < 0.001) in patients with glioblastoma. Meta-analysis of studies with adjusted estimates further showed that high CD133 expression was an independent prognostic factor of glioblastoma. High CD133 expression is associated with worse prognosis in patients with glioblastoma. More prospective studies with well-design are needed to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Huanran Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shengqing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Fang KM, Lin TC, Chan TC, Ma SZ, Tzou BC, Chang WR, Liu JJ, Chiou SH, Yang CS, Tzeng SF. Enhanced cell growth and tumorigenicity of rat glioma cells by stable expression of human CD133 through multiple molecular actions. Glia 2013; 61:1402-17. [PMID: 23832679 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
CD133 (Prominin-1/AC133) is generally treated as a cell surface marker found on multipotent stem cells and tumor stem-like cells, and its biological function remains debated. Genetically modified rat glioma cell lines were generated by lentiviral gene delivery of human CD133 into rat C6 glioma cells (hCD133(+) -C6) or by infection of C6 cells with control lentivirus (mock-C6). Stable hCD133 expression promoted the self-renewal ability of C6-formed spheres with an increase in the expression of the stemness markers, Bmi-1 and SOX2. Akt phosphorylation, Notch-1 activation, and Notch-1 target gene expression (Hes-1, Hey1 and Hey2) were increased in hCD133(+) -C6 when compared to mock-C6. The inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, Notch-1 activation, and Hes-1 in hCD133(+) -C6 cells effectively suppressed their clonogenic ability, indicating that these factors are involved in expanding the growth of hCD133(+) -C6. An elevated expression of GTPase-activating protein 27 (Arhgap27) was detected in hCD133(+) -C6. A decline in the invasion of hCD133(+) -C6 by knockdown of Arhgap27 expression indicated the critical role of Arhgap27 in promoting cell migration of hCD133(+) -C6. In vivo study further showed that hCD133(+) -C6 formed aggressive tumors in vivo compared to mock-C6. Exposure of hCD133(+) -C6 to arsenic trioxide not only reduced Akt phosphorylation, Notch-1 activation and Hes-1 expression in vitro, but also inhibited their tumorigenicity in vivo. The results show that C6 glioma cells with stable hCD133 expression enhanced their stemness properties with increased Notch-1/Hes-1 signaling, Akt activation, and Arhgap27 action, which contribute to increased cell proliferation and migration of hCD133(+) -C6 in vitro, as well as progressive tumor formation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Min Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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24
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Zakrzewska M, Grešner SM, Zakrzewski K, Zalewska-Szewczyk B, Liberski PP. Novel gene expression model for outcome prediction in paediatric medulloblastoma. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:371-9. [PMID: 23649504 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma is the most frequent type of embryonal tumour in the paediatric population. The disease progression in patients with this tumour may be connected with the presence of stem/tumour-initiating cells, but the precise source and characteristics of such cells is still a subject of debate. Thus, we tried to analyse biomarkers for which a connection with the presence of stem/tumour-initiating cells was suggested. We evaluated the transcriptional level of the ATOH1, FUT4, NGFR, OTX1, OTX2, PROM1 and SOX1 genes in 48 samples of medulloblastoma and analysed their usefulness in the prediction of disease outcome. The analyses showed a strong correlation of PROM1, ATOH1 and OTX1 gene expression levels with the outcome (p ≤ 0.2). On the basis of the multivariate Cox regression analysis, we propose a three-gene model predicting risk of the disease, calculated as follows: RS(risk score) =( 0:81 x PROM1) + (0:18 x OTX1) + (0:02 x ATOH1). Survival analysis revealed a better outcome among standard-risk patients, with a 5-year survival rate of 65 %, compared to the 40 % rate observed among high-risk patients. The most promising advantage of such molecular analysis consists in the identification of molecular markers influencing clinical behaviour, which may in turn be useful in therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zakrzewska
- Department of Molecular Pathology and Neuropathology, Chair of Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, Czechoslowacka 8/10 str, 92-216, Lodz, Poland,
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25
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Mia-Jan K, Jung SY, Kim IY, Oh SS, Choi E, Chang SJ, Kang TY, Cho MY. CD133 expression is not an independent prognostic factor in stage II and III colorectal cancer but may predict the better outcome in patients with adjuvant therapy. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:166. [PMID: 23537343 PMCID: PMC3621413 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are notorious for their capacity of tumor progression, metastasis or resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. However, the undisputed role of cancer stem marker, CD133, in colorectal cancers (CRCs) is not clear yet. Methods We assessed 271 surgically-resected stage II and III primary CRCs with (171) and without (100) adjuvant therapy after surgery. CD133 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and real-time RT-PCR. CD133 promoter methylation was quantified by pyrosequencing. Results The CD133 IHC expression was significantly correlated with mRNA expression (p=0.0257) and inversely correlated with the promoter methylation (p=0.0001). CD133 was expressed more frequently in rectal cancer (p=0.0035), and in moderately differentiated tumors (p=0.0378). In survival analysis, CD133 expression was not significantly correlated with overall survival (OS) (p=0.9689) as well as disease-free survival (DFS) (p=0.2103). However, CD133+ tumors were significantly associated with better OS in patients with adjuvant therapy compared to those without adjuvant therapy (p<0.0001, HR 0.125, 95% CI 0.052-0.299). But the patients with CD133- tumors did not show any significant difference of survival according to adjuvant therapy (p=0.055, HR 0.500, 95% CI 0.247-1.015). Conclusions In stage II and III CRCs, CD133 IHC expression may signify the benefit for adjuvant therapy although it is not an independent prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalilullah Mia-Jan
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
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26
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Differential gene expression of medullary thyroid carcinoma reveals specific markers associated with genetic conditions. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012. [PMID: 23201134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for 2% to 5% of thyroid malignancies, of which 75% are sporadic and the remaining 25% are hereditary and related to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome. Despite a genotype-phenotype correlation with specific germline RET mutations, knowledge of pathways specifically associated with each mutation and with non-RET-mutated sporadic MTC remains lacking. Gene expression patterns have provided a tool for identifying molecular events related to specific tumor types and to different clinical features that could help identify novel therapeutic targets. Using transcriptional profiling of 49 frozen MTC specimens classified as RET mutation, we identified PROM1, LOXL2, GFRA1, and DKK4 as related to RET(M918T) and GAL as related to RET(634) mutation. An independent series of 19 frozen and 23 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) MTCs was used for validation by RT-qPCR. Two tissue microarrays containing 69 MTCs were available for IHC assays. According to pathway enrichment analysis and gene ontology biological processes, genes associated with the MTC(M918T) group were involved mainly in proliferative, cell adhesion, and general malignant metastatic effects and with Wnt, Notch, NFκB, JAK/Stat, and MAPK signaling pathways. Assays based on silencing of PROM1 by siRNAs performed in the MZ-CRC-1 cell line, harboring RET(M918T), caused an increase in apoptotic nuclei, suggesting that PROM1 is necessary for survival of these cells. This is the first report of PROM1 overexpression among primary tumors.
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Grosse-Gehling P, Fargeas CA, Dittfeld C, Garbe Y, Alison MR, Corbeil D, Kunz-Schughart LA. CD133 as a biomarker for putative cancer stem cells in solid tumours: limitations, problems and challenges. J Pathol 2012; 229:355-78. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Grosse-Gehling
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Christine A Fargeas
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Claudia Dittfeld
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Yvette Garbe
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Malcolm R Alison
- Blizard Institute; Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry; London; UK
| | - Denis Corbeil
- Tissue Engineering Laboratories (BIOTEC) and DFG Research Center and Cluster of Excellence for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD); Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
| | - Leoni A Kunz-Schughart
- Tumor Pathophysiology, OncoRay, National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology; Dresden University of Technology; Fetscherstrasse 74; 01307; Dresden; Germany
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Marras F, Bozzano F, Bentivoglio G, Ugolotti E, Biassoni R, Moretta L, De Maria A. Receptor modulation and functional activation of human CD34+ Lin- -derived immature NK cells in vitro by Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:2459-70. [PMID: 22736333 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201242375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is not yet clear whether immature NK (iNK) cells are bystanders to or rather participate in immune responses to pathogens that may colocalize in areas of NK-cell maturation such as bone marrow or lymph nodes. Mycobacteria, including Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), have been shown to interact with peripheral NK cells and in vivo may colocalize in areas of iNK-cell development. We studied infection with BCG of human cord blood CD34(+) Lin(-)-derived cultures containing myelomonocytes and iNK cells in vitro. Increased iNK-cell DNAM-1 expression, transient natural cytotoxicity receptor modulation, and production of IFN-γ were observed. Transcriptional receptor modulation was associated to BCG challenge, which determined increased iNK-cell cytotoxic activity against tumor cell lines and also increased killing of immature dendritic cells (iDCs). No requirement for cell contact was recorded for BCG-induced iNK-cell activation, while cytokine production including IL-18, IL-10, GM-CSF, and TGF-β contributed to the observed effects. Thus, iNK cells are affected by mycobacteria in vitro and may contribute to shaping of adaptive mature innate responses through iDC-iNK cross-talk. In addition, iNK-cell activation by BCG may represent a novel additional mechanism contributing to the effects observed upon BCG administration in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Antigens, CD34/immunology
- Antigens, CD34/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-18/genetics
- Interleukin-18/immunology
- Interleukin-18/metabolism
- K562 Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Mycobacterium bovis/genetics
- Mycobacterium bovis/immunology
- Mycobacterium bovis/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
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29
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Current strategies for identification of glioma stem cells: adequate or unsatisfactory? JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:376894. [PMID: 22685459 PMCID: PMC3366252 DOI: 10.1155/2012/376894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were isolated in multiple tumor types, including human glioblastomas, and although the presence of surface markers selectively expressed on CSCs can be used to isolate them, no marker/pattern of markers are sufficiently robust to definitively identify stem cells in tumors. Several markers were evaluated for their prognostic value with promising early results, however none of them was proven to be clinically useful in large-scale studies, leading to outstanding efforts to identify new markers. Given the heterogeneity of human glioblastomas further investigations are necessary to identify both cancer stem cell-specific markers and the molecular mechanisms sustaining the tumorigenic potential of these cells to develop tailored treatments. Markers for glioblastoma stem cells such as CD133, CD15, integrin-α6, L1CAM might be informative to identify these cells but cannot be conclusively linked to a stem cell phenotype. Overlap of expression, functional state and morphology of different subpopulations lead to carefully consider the techniques employed so far to isolate these cells. Due to a dearth of methods and markers reliably identifying the candidate cancer stem cells, the isolation/enrichment of cancer stem cells to be therapeutically targeted remains a major challenge.
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Raso A, Mascelli S, Nozza P, Ugolotti E, Vanni I, Capra V, Biassoni R. Troubleshooting fine-tuning procedures for qPCR system design. J Clin Lab Anal 2012; 25:389-94. [PMID: 22086791 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) has been improved and optimized over the past decade for a wide range of applications. Design of primers and probes is one of the crucial steps to obtain high system efficiency of qPCR since design pitfalls influence negatively amplification performances. We report the results of some experiments. First, we demonstrate the utility of optimal primer design and concentration in PCR by constructing suboptimal primers, for instance with hairpin and primer-dimers secondarystructures, and quantifying the decrease in efficiency of amplification. Second, we show the adverse effects of the target sequence harboring stable secondary structures on the primer binding sites. Finally, we let see that the mere use of probe-based detection is not enough to ensure robustness of qPCR data, because the eventual detrimental products generated by primers not well designed may influence in any case the PCR efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Raso
- Neurosurgery Unit, Giannina Gaslini Children's Research Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
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31
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Raso A, Vecchio D, Cappelli E, Ropolo M, Poggi A, Nozza P, Biassoni R, Mascelli S, Capra V, Kalfas F, Severi P, Frosina G. Characterization of glioma stem cells through multiple stem cell markers and their specific sensitization to double-strand break-inducing agents by pharmacological inhibition of ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein. Brain Pathol 2012; 22:677-88. [PMID: 22257080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that tumor-driving glioma stem cells (GSC) may promote radio-resistance by constitutive activation of the DNA damage response started by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein. We have investigated whether GSC may be specifically sensitized to ionizing radiation by inhibiting the DNA damage response. Two grade IV glioma cell lines (BORRU and DR177) were characterized for a number of immunocytochemical, karyotypic, proliferative and differentiative parameters. In particular, the expression of a panel of nine stem cell markers was quantified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry. Overall, BORRU and DR177 displayed pronounced and poor stem phenotypes, respectively. In order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiation on GSC, the cells were preincubated with a nontoxic concentration of the ATM inhibitors KU-55933 and KU-60019 and then irradiated. BORRU cells were sensitized to radiation and radio-mimetic chemicals by ATM inhibitors whereas DR177 were protected under the same conditions. No sensitization was observed after cell differentiation or to drugs unable to induce double-strand breaks (DSB), indicating that ATM inhibitors specifically sensitize glioma cells possessing stem phenotype to DSB-inducing agents. In conclusion, pharmacological inhibition of ATM may specifically sensitize GSC to DSB-inducing agents while sparing nonstem cells.
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32
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:134-44. [PMID: 22245849 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e328350498a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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