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Song W, Su F, Li S, Wang S. The association between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and executive functioning among Chinese adolescents: A cross-sectional multicenter study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 246:104260. [PMID: 38626599 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of soyfoods or soybean products with executive functions in the brain has been less well studied. In this study, we investigated the consumption of soyfoods or soybean products and its association with executive functions in Chinese adolescents. METHODS A three-stage stratified whole group sampling method was used to investigate the consumption of soyfoods or soybean products and executive functions among 1643 Chinese adolescents aged 13-15 years. One-way ANOVA and chi-square test were used to compare the basic conditions and executive functions of adolescents with different soyfoods or soybean products consumption. Linear regression analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between soyfoods or soybean products and executive functions. RESULTS The proportions of Chinese adolescents with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≤0 time/week, 1-3 time/week, and ≥4 time/week were 41.14 %, 46.80 %, and 12.05 %, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that with adolescents with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≥4 time/week as a reference, adolescents with ≤0 time/week were less likely to have executive dysfunction in inhibiting functional (OR = 17.523, 95 % CI: 7.501, 40.938), 2back (OR = 3.384, 95 % CI: 1.729, 6.623), and switching functional (OR = 7.846, 95 % CI: 3.300, 18.657), were at higher risk of executive dysfunction (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Chinese adolescents' consumption of soyfoods or soybean products is inadequate and has a positive association with executive functions. The consumption of soyfoods or soybean products among Chinese adolescents should be increased in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Hubei, Jingzhou 434023, PR China
| | - Fan Su
- College of Physical Education, China Three Gorges University, Hubei, Yichang 443002, PR China
| | - Shengpeng Li
- School of Preschool Education, Jingzhou Institute of Technology, Hubei, Jingzhou 434020, PR China
| | - Shoudu Wang
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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Kang JH, Dong Z, Shin SH. Benefits of Soybean in the Era of Precision Medicine: A Review of Clinical Evidence. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1552-1562. [PMID: 37674385 PMCID: PMC10774093 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is an important ingredient of cuisines worldwide. While there is a wealth of evidence that soybean could be a good source of macronutrients and phytochemicals with health-promoting effects, concerns regarding adverse effects have been raised. In this work, we reviewed the current clinical evidence focusing on the benefits and risks of soybean ingredients. In breast, prostate, colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancer, epidemiological studies showed an inverse association between soybean food intake and cancer risks. Soybean intake was inversely correlated with risks of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and soy isoflavones ameliorated osteoporosis and hot flashes. Notably, soybean was one of the dietary protein sources that may reduce the risk of breast cancer and T2DM. However, soybean had adverse effects on certain types of drug treatment and caused allergies. In sum, this work provides useful considerations for planning clinical soybean research and selecting dietary protein sources for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Hyun Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, P.R. China
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No.127, Dongming Road, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Seung Ho Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio & Medical Bigdata (BK4 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Yanni AE, Iakovidi S, Vasilikopoulou E, Karathanos VT. Legumes: A Vehicle for Transition to Sustainability. Nutrients 2023; 16:98. [PMID: 38201928 PMCID: PMC10780344 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Legumes are an excellent source of protein and have been used in the human diet for centuries. Consumption of legumes has been linked to several health benefits, including a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain types of cancer, while legumes' high fiber content promotes digestive health. Aside from the positive health benefits, one of the most significant advantages of legumes is the low environmental footprint of their cultivation. They can be grown in a variety of climates and soil types, and they require less water and fertilizer than other crops, making them a sustainable option for farmers. Thanks to their nutritional and physicochemical properties, they are widely used by the food industry since the growing popularity of plant-based diets and the increasing demand for alternatives to meat offers the opportunity to develop legume-based meat substitutes. As the use of legumes as a source of protein becomes widespread, new market opportunities could be created for farmers and food industries, while the reduction in healthcare costs could have a potential economic impact. Achieving widespread adoption of legumes as a sustainable source of protein requires coordinated efforts by individuals, governments, and the private sector. The objective of this narrative review is to present the benefits coming from legume consumption in terms of health and environmental sustainability, and underline the importance of promoting their inclusion in the daily dietary pattern as well as their use as functional ingredients and plant-based alternatives to animal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia E. Yanni
- Laboratory of Chemistry-Biochemistry-Physical Chemistry of Foods, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave, 176-71 Athens, Greece; (S.I.); (E.V.); (V.T.K.)
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Xu Y, Ahmed I, Zhao Z, Lv L. A comprehensive review on glycation and its potential application to reduce food allergenicity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-23. [PMID: 37683268 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Food allergens are a major concern for individuals who are susceptible to food allergies and may experience various health issues due to allergens in their food. Most allergenic foods are subjected to heat treatment before being consumed. However, thermal processing and prolonged storage can cause glycation reactions to occur in food. The glycation reaction is a common processing method requiring no special chemicals or equipment. It may affect the allergenicity of proteins by altering the structure of the epitope, revealing hidden epitopes, concealing linear epitopes, or creating new ones. Changes in food allergenicity following glycation processing depend on several factors, including the allergen's characteristics, processing parameters, and matrix, and are therefore hard to predict. This review examines how glycation reactions affect the allergenicity of different allergen groups in allergenic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ishfaq Ahmed
- Haide College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengxi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangtao Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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5
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Soczynska I, da Costa BR, O'Connor DL, Jenkins DJA, Birken CS, Juando-Prats C, Maguire JL. Parent and physician beliefs, perceptions and knowledge of plant milks for children. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231171299. [PMID: 37157791 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231171299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Parent and physician perceptions of plant milk are unclear. Aim: To explore parent and physician perceptions of plant milk for children and to gain a better understanding of why parents and physicians might choose plant milk for children. Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted using a questionnaire and interviews with parents and physicians participating in the TARGet Kids! cohort study. Questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Parents reported a variety of reasons for choosing plant milk for their children including concerns around allergies, the environment, animal welfare, plant-based diet, health benefits, taste and hormones in cow's milk. Parents gave their children various types of plant milks and physicians provided various recommendations to parents of children not consuming cow's milk. Our study identified that 79% of parents and 51% of physicians were unaware that soy milk is the recommended cow's milk substitute for children. Additionally, 26% of parents did not know some plant milks are not fortified and can contain added sugar. Three main themes were identified from interviews about why parents and physicians may choose plant milk for children: (i) healthiness of plant milk; (ii) concerns about hormones; and (iii) environmental impacts. Conclusions: Parents and physicians choose the milk that they believe is healthiest for their child or patient. However, a lack of clarity on the effects of plant milk consumption on children's health resulted in conflicting views on whether plant milk or cow's milk is healthier for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Soczynska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruno R da Costa
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - David J A Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Catherine S Birken
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Clara Juando-Prats
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathon L Maguire
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
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Brusati M, Baroni L, Rizzo G, Giampieri F, Battino M. Plant-Based Milk Alternatives in Child Nutrition. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071544. [PMID: 37048365 PMCID: PMC10094203 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-based milk alternatives can be distinguished in two main categories, differing in production processes and regulation: plant-based formulas and plant-based drinks. They are now a widely accepted class of products on the international market. The various plant-based milk alternatives differ in nutritional characteristics due to their origin and manufacturing; more importantly, whereas formulas from plant and cow origin can be used interchangeably, plant-based drinks are nutritionally different from cow's milk and can be consumed by children subsequently to the use of formula. Several scientific organizations have expressed differing opinions on the use of these products in the diets of children. In the face of unanimous conclusions regarding the use of these products during the first year of life, in subsequent ages there were conflicting opinions regarding the timing, quantities, and type of product to be used. From the viewpoint of the child's overall diet and health, it could be suggested that these foods be considered not as simple substitutes for cow's milk, but as part of a varied diet, within individual advice of use. We suggest accepting the presence of these products in a baby's diet (omnivores included), planning their use correctly in the context of a balanced diet, according to the specific product and the needs of the individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brusati
- Pediatric and Educational Center "La Volpe e il Canguro", 25062 Concesio, Italy
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, 30171 Venice, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, 39011 Santander, Spain
| | - Maurizio Battino
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Clinical Specialistic and Odontostomatological Sciences, University Polytechnic of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
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Li S, Liu C, Song Y, Ma N, Lu J. Association of Soyfoods or Soybean Products Consumption with Psychological Symptoms: Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:819. [PMID: 36613140 PMCID: PMC9819589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a strong association between soyfoods or soybean product consumption and adolescent health, but there are few studies on the association between soyfoods or soybean product consumption and psychological symptoms among university students. To this end, this study investigated the association between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms among Chinese university students and analyzed the association between them. A three-stage stratified whole-group sampling method was used to administer questionnaires on soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms to 7742 university students in China. Self-assessment questionnaires were also administered to confounding variables such as basic demographic information, family status, parental education, body mass index (BMI), and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the association and differences between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms. The proportion of Chinese university students' soyfoods or soybean products consumption in ≤one time/week, two-four times/week, and ≥five times/week were 38.81%, 40.24%, and 20.95%, respectively. University students' psychological symptoms problem detection rate was 16.22%. The detection rate of psychological symptoms was lower among university male students (14.75%) than female students (17.35%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 9.525, p < 0.01). After adjusting for relevant covariates, students with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≤one time/week (OR = 1.83, 95% CI:1.52, 2.21) had a higher risk of psychological symptoms compared to university students with soyfoods or soybean products consumption ≥five time/week (p < 0.01). During the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese university students had lower consumption of soyfoods or soybean products and a higher detection rate of psychological symptoms. There was a negative association between soyfoods or soybean products consumption and psychological symptoms. Our study provides a scientific reference for the government and educational decision-making authorities and suggests that education on eating behavior and dietary guidance should be emphasized among university students in the future to maintain a reasonable consumption of soyfoods or soybean products for better physical and mental health development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpeng Li
- School of Preschool Education, Jingzhou Institute of Technology, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Physical Education College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yongjing Song
- College of Education and Sports Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China
| | - Nan Ma
- College of Physical Education and Health, Shanghai Lixin University of Accounting and Finance, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Jinkui Lu
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334000, China
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Mauny A, Faure S, Derbré S. Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer: Should French Recommendations Evolve? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246163. [PMID: 36551648 PMCID: PMC9776930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) occurs less frequently in Asia, where there is high soy consumption. It has been hypothesized that soy isoflavones could be protective against BC recurrence and mortality. At the same time, health organizations in several countries have differing recommendations for soy consumption (soy foods or dietary supplements) in BC survivors. The objective of this review is to analyze the literature and to determine whether it is justified to advise avoiding soy in dietary supplements and/or food in women with a history of BC. We conducted a systematic literature search with the Medline/Pubmed and Web of Science databases. Only prospective cohort studies published since 2009 were retained. The endpoint of studies was BC recurrence and/or mortality, and the association with soy isoflavone intake was specifically targeted. Seven studies were included. None of these studies found statistically significant adverse effects of soy consumption on BC recurrence or mortality (specific or all-cause). Overall, only one study was not able to find beneficial effects of soy intake on BC patients. The other studies concluded that there were positive associations but in very variable ways. Two studies found a decrease in BC recurrence associated with a higher isoflavone intake only for post-menopausal women. The other four studies concluded that there were positive associations regardless of menopausal status. Four studies showed better results on women with hormonal-sensitive cancer and/or patients receiving hormonal treatment. Only one found a stronger association for patients with ER-negative BC. No adverse effects of soy isoflavones on BC mortality/recurrence were found. Soy isoflavones may exert beneficial effects. These results coincide with other recent works and suggest that soy isoflavone intake is safe for BC survivors. Thus, these data no longer seem to coincide with the French recommendations, which could then be brought to evolve. However, in order to confirm the current results, larger studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Mauny
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Sébastien Faure
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- Inserm, CNRS, MINT, SFR ICAT, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (S.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)241-226-740 (S.F.); +33-(0)249-180-440 (S.D.)
| | - Séverine Derbré
- Department Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- SONAS, SFR QUASAV, University of Angers, F-49000 Angers, France
- Correspondence: (S.F.); (S.D.); Tel.: +33-(0)241-226-740 (S.F.); +33-(0)249-180-440 (S.D.)
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Ohishi T, Miyoshi N, Mori M, Sagara M, Yamori Y. Health Effects of Soy Isoflavones and Green Tea Catechins on Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases Based on Urinary Biomarker Levels. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248899. [PMID: 36558031 PMCID: PMC9781513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have various health effects. Genistein, which is abundant in soybeans, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, which is abundant in green tea, are major flavonoids, a subclass group of polyphenols. Several epidemiological studies have shown that these flavonoids have beneficial effects against cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, other studies did not show such effects. Several confounding factors, including recall bias, are related to these inconsistent findings, and the determination of metabolites in the urine may be useful in reducing the number of confounding factors. Equipment, which can be used by research participants to collect samples from a portion of voided urine within 24 h without the help of medical workers, has been developed for epidemiological investigations. Previous studies, in which flavonoid metabolites in these urine samples were measured, revealed that soy intake was correlated with a reduced risk of certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Although soybeans and green tea consumption may have protective effects against cancer and cardiovascular diseases, further clinical studies that consider different confounding factors are required to provide evidence for the actual impact of dietary flavonoids on human diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. One possible mechanism involved is discussed in relation to the downregulation of reactive oxygen species and the upregulation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase elicited by these flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Ohishi
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Numazu, Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Shizuoka 410-0301, Japan
- Laboratory of Oncology, Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Integrated Pharmaceutical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- NPO World Health Frontier Institute, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
| | - Miki Sagara
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
- Disease Model Cooperative Research Association, Kyoto 606-0805, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya 663-8143, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.O.); (Y.Y.)
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Sakihara T, Otsuji K, Arakaki Y, Hamada K, Matsui T, Sugiura S, Ito K. Effects of regular soy formula intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization in infancy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2022; 33:e13898. [PMID: 36564877 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of regular soy formula (SF) intake on the development of food sensitization in infancy remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the effects of regular SF intake between 1 and 2 months of age on food sensitization development by 6 months of age. METHODS Using data from a randomized controlled trial of a birth cohort from four Japanese hospitals that assessed cow's milk allergy development, we performed a retrospective cohort study of 235 infants who avoided cow's milk formula and supplemented breastfeeding with SF as required between 1 and 2 months of age. Regular SF intake was defined as SF consumption of ≥14 days per month and ≥1350 ml per month. Food sensitization was defined as positive skin prick test reactions to hen's egg, cow's milk, wheat, and/or soy. Using multivariable logistic regression models that adjusted for parental, perinatal, and environmental factors, we calculated the adjusted odds ratios of regular SF intake for food, hen's egg, and cow's milk sensitization by 6 months of age. RESULTS From the 235 participants, 114 (48.5%) had regular SF intake. The adjusted odds ratios of regular SF intake for food, hen's egg, and cow's milk sensitization were 0.32 (95% confidence interval: 0.16-0.62, p = .0007), 0.42 (0.20-0.88, p = .02), and 0.33 (0.14-0.81, p = .02), respectively. CONCLUSION Regular SF intake between 1 and 2 months of age in infants avoiding cow's milk formula was significantly associated with a reduced risk of food sensitization in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenta Otsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Okinawa Kyodo Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Arakaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Naha City Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hamada
- Department of Child Health and Welfare (Pediatrics), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Teruaki Matsui
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shiro Sugiura
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Komei Ito
- Department of Allergy, Aichi Children's Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
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11
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Xiong J, Tian Y, Ma G, Wang X, Shan S, Cheng G. Impact of Physiologically Relevant Genistein Exposure at Different Time Windows on Puberty Onset and Neuroendocrine Function in Female Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200486. [PMID: 36106654 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Puberty timing, critical for adulthood wellbeing, is influenced by the environment, life-style, and diets. However, differential puberty-interfering effects of soy and soy isoflavone are observed in both epidemiological and toxicological studies. Additionally, their impact on neuroendocrine function at various pre-pubertal developmental windows is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS This study investigates the effect of genistein, a typical soy isoflavone, at neonatal, lactational, and post-weaning stages on the time of vaginal opening and determines the levels of neuroendocrine factors in female rats using immunofluorescence, immunochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A physiologically relevant dosage (10 mg kg-1 ) is used to resemble human exposure. The results show that genistein exposure at lactational stage significantly accelerates vaginal opening time, marginally increases hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, significantly enhances kisspeptin receptor expression, and markedly elevates blood levels of GnRH, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, while neonatal and post-weaning exposures do not induce significant alternations. CONCLUSION Lactational stage may be an important window for genistein to impact reproductive development and neuroendocrine regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xiong
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Guochen Ma
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Shufang Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P. R. China
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Food group intake of children and adolescents (6-18 years) on a vegetarian, vegan or omnivore diet: results of the VeChi Youth Study. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:851-862. [PMID: 34511141 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based, i.e. vegetarian (without meat and fish) or vegan (exclusively plant-based foods) diets are in trend also among children and adolescents, but data on food intake in this group are lacking. Here, we compare the consumption of food groups of vegetarian (n 145), vegan (n 110) and omnivore (n 135) children and adolescents (6-18 years) in Germany using data of the VeChi Youth Study. Each food item reported in 3 d weighed dietary records was assigned to one of eighteen food groups and individual mean intake per day (g/MJ) was calculated. Group differences were assessed using covariance analyses adjusted for age, sex and other covariates. For food groups with a high number of non-consumers, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were run. Pairwise comparison of vegetarian and vegan groups indicated significantly higher intakes of legumes, nuts, milk alternatives (all P = 0·0003) and meat alternatives (P = 0·0065) among vegan subjects. Intake of these food groups of omnivore participants was low (Q3:0·0 g/MJ for legumes, milk alternatives and meat alternatives, 0·5 g/MJ for nuts). Dairy intake of vegetarians (11·6 g/MJ) was significantly lower than of omnivore subjects (24·7 g/MJ) (P = 0·0003). Intake of fats/oils and sweet foods was lowest in vegan compared with vegetarian and omnivore participants (P< 0·05). Whole grain intake was higher in vegan participants (14·5 g/MJ) than of vegetarian (9·1 g/MJ) and omnivore (6·5 g/MJ) participants (P = 0·0003). Longitudinal studies are necessary to evaluate the long-term health consequences of vegetarian, vegan and omnivore food patterns, especially in childhood and adolescence.
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Messina M, Duncan A, Messina V, Lynch H, Kiel J, Erdman JW. The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970364. [PMID: 36034914 PMCID: PMC9410752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy is a hotly debated and widely discussed topic in the field of nutrition. However, health practitioners may be ill-equipped to counsel clients and patients about the use of soyfoods because of the enormous, and often contradictory, amount of research that has been published over the past 30 years. As interest in plant-based diets increases, there will be increased pressure for practitioners to gain a working knowledge of this area. The purpose of this review is to provide concise literature summaries (400-500 words) along with a short perspective on the current state of knowledge of a wide range of topics related to soy, from the cholesterol-lowering effects of soy protein to the impact of isoflavones on breast cancer risk. In addition to the literature summaries, general background information on soyfoods, soy protein, and isoflavones is provided. This analysis can serve as a tool for health professionals to be used when discussing soyfoods with their clients and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alison Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Lynch
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Kiel
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Beckman Institute, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Pozdnyakov N, Shilov S, Lukin A, Bolshakov M, Sogorin E. Investigation of enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics of soy protein isolate: laboratory and semi-industrial scale. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:37. [PMID: 38647860 PMCID: PMC10992490 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using parameters of optimal conditions from laboratory experiments often results in the loss of significant time and resources when trying to scale up the process. In this study, the comparison of results of laboratory and semi-industrial experiments of enzymatic hydrolysis of soy protein isolate is considered. The kinetics of peptides accumulation was investigated by colorimetric method in both microtube (volume reaction is 0.7 ml, 7.14 mg/ml of substrate, incubation in solid state thermostat) and industrial homogenizer (volume reaction is 4,000 ml, 100 mg/ml of substrate, rotor-stator type mixer). The enzyme preparation Protosubtilin G3x (main component is subtilisin) was used as an analogue of the Alcalase preparation, which is already widely used in the food industry. It was found that the pH and the number of proteolytic units in the reaction mixture of both scales had slightly different results of the kinetics, while the temperature showed significantly one. The laboratory scale of the reaction had a wide range of optimal temperature (40-60 ∘ C, 30 ∘ C showed slowest rate of kinetics reaction), whereas the semi-industrial scale had 50 ∘ C of optimal temperature (30, 40, 60 ∘ C had the same kinetics). It also was found that maintaining the pH value of the reaction mixture was not mandatory. The obtained results indicate the need to refine the process conditions using semi-industrial experiments before attracting industrial-scale resources. In the case of selection of conditions for the hydrolysis of soy protein isolate in production, it is necessary first of all to take into account the reaction temperature as the most irreproducible parameter when scaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Pozdnyakov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya Street, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey Shilov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya Street, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander Lukin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya Street, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Maxim Bolshakov
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Institutskaya Street, 142290, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Evgeny Sogorin
- Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the RAS", Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya Street, 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
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15
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Guilpart N, Iizumi T, Makowski D. Data-driven projections suggest large opportunities to improve Europe's soybean self-sufficiency under climate change. NATURE FOOD 2022; 3:255-265. [PMID: 37118190 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-022-00481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid expansion of soybean-growing areas across Europe raises questions about the suitability of agroclimatic conditions for soybean production. Here, using data-driven relationships between climate and soybean yield derived from machine-learning, we made yield projections under current and future climate with moderate (Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5) to intense (RCP 8.5) warming, up to the 2050s and 2090s time horizons. The selected model showed high R2 (>0.9) and low root-mean-squared error (0.35 t ha-1) between observed and predicted yields based on cross-validation. Our results suggest that a self-sufficiency level of 50% (100%) would be achievable in Europe under historical and future climate if 4-5% (9-11%) of the current European cropland were dedicated to soybean production. The findings could help farmers, extension services, policymakers and agribusiness to reorganize the production area distribution. The environmental benefits and side effects, and the impacts of soybean expansion on land-use change, would need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guilpart
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR Agronomie, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
| | - Toshichika Iizumi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - David Makowski
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris, Paris, France
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16
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Maillard Reaction Induced Changes in Allergenicity of Food. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040530. [PMID: 35206007 PMCID: PMC8870895 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergy is increasing in prevalence, posing aheavier social and financial burden. At present, there is still no widely accepted treatment for it. Methods to reduce or eliminate the allergenicity of trigger foods are urgently needed. Technological processing contributes to producing some hypoallergenic foods. Among the processing methods, the Maillard reaction (MR) is popular because neither special chemical materials nor sophisticated equipment is needed. MR may affect the allergenicity of proteins by disrupting the conformational epitope, disclosing the hidden epitope, masking the linear epitope, and/or forming a new epitope. Changes in the allergenicity of foods after processing are affected by various factors, such as the characteristics of the allergen, the processing parameters, and the processing matrix, and they are therefore variable and difficult to predict. This paper reviews the effects of MR on the allergenicity of each allergen group from common allergenic foods.
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Antiangiogenic Phytochemicals Constituent of Diet as Promising Candidates for Chemoprevention of Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020302. [PMID: 35204185 PMCID: PMC8868078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive knowledge on cancer nature acquired over the last years, the high incidence of this disease evidences a need for new approaches that complement the clinical intervention of tumors. Interestingly, many types of cancer are closely related to dietary habits associated with the Western lifestyle, such as low fruit and vegetable intake. Recent advances around the old-conceived term of chemoprevention highlight the important role of phytochemicals as good candidates for the prevention or treatment of cancer. The potential to inhibit angiogenesis exhibited by many natural compounds constituent of plant foods makes them especially interesting for their use as chemopreventive agents. Here, we review the antitumoral potential, with a focus on the antiangiogenic effects, of phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, such as quercetin or myricetin; terpenoids, such as ursolic acid or kahweol; and anthraquinones from Aloe vera, in different in vitro and in vivo assays, and the available clinical data. Although clinical trials have failed to assess the preventive role of many of these compounds, encouraging preclinical data support the efficacy of phytochemicals constituent of diet in the prevention and treatment of cancer, but a deeper understanding of their mechanisms of action and better designed clinical trials are urgently needed.
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Soy Food Intake Associated with Obesity and Hypertension in Children and Adolescents in Guangzhou, Southern China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030425. [PMID: 35276781 PMCID: PMC8839714 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between soy food intake and cardio-metabolic risk factors in children remain unclear due to limited evidence. We aim to explore soy food intake and its association with the risks of obesity and hypertension in Chinese children and adolescents. A total of 10,536 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years (5125 boys and 5411 girls) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in Guangzhou City, southern China. Data on demographic characteristics and dietary consumption were collected using self-reported questionnaires, and anthropometric characteristics were measured. Obesity, abdominal obesity, and hypertension were defined using Chinese criteria for children and adolescents. A multiple logistic regression model was applied to estimate the association between soy food intake and obesity and hypertension. Roughly 39.5% of the participants consumed soy food more than three times per week. The mean amounts of liquid and solid soy food intake were 0.35 ± 0.54 cups/day and 0.46 ± 0.63 servings/day, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of hypertension among those with high liquid soy food intake and a high frequency of all soy food intake (more than three times/week) were 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.67–0.94), and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70–0.97) compared to those with no intake. Additionally, the adjusted OR of obesity among those with high solid soy food intake and a high frequency of all soy food intake were 1.34 (95% CI, 1.09–1.63) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.07–1.58), respectively. In conclusion, 39.5% of southern Chinese children and adolescents had high soy food intake (more than three times/week), which was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of hypertension and a greater prevalence of obesity.
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Takemoto N, Millman J, Uema T, Yamakawa F, Okamoto S, Mori M, Mori H, Nakamura K, Yamori Y, Masuzaki H. Analysis of spot urine biomarkers and association with body weight in Japanese elementary schoolchildren. Eur J Pediatr 2022; 181:3879-3888. [PMID: 36097199 PMCID: PMC9546969 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Childhood obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide and is largely the consequence of adoption of unhealthy diets excessive in calories and salt (NaCl) as well as devoid in pivotal micronutrients such as potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg). Education-based programs aiming to encourage healthy food knowledge and behaviors are crucial at a young age, and for this purpose, convenient ways to assess daily dietary intake are warranted. We therefore attempted to evaluate the dietary intake of Okinawan schoolchildren in Japan by analyzing a series of biomarkers in morning spot urine samples and explore whether these biomarkers correlate with body weight and a series of metabolic parameters. We enrolled 98 third-grade elementary schoolchildren in Okinawa, Japan. Morning spot urine samples were collected and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to assess dietary intake. We found that estimated daily NaCl intake was higher in obese/overweight children as compared to healthy-weight children (p = 0.0001). There was also a significant positive correlation between body mass index (BMI) and NaCl intake (Spearman) (ρ = 0.45, p < 0.0001) and a negative correlation between BMI and Mg/Cr (ρ = -0.27, p = 0.01). Furthermore, Na/K ratio was higher in samples collected on Monday (weekend) as compared to samples collected on Thursday or Friday (weekday) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Via the use of morning spot urine analyses, our results show that NaCl intake was associated with obesity, and Mg excretion negatively correlated with BMI in Japanese schoolchildren, highlighting the potential role of these micronutrients in maintaining a healthy body weight. WHAT IS KNOWN •Overweight and obesity are largely due to excessive consumption of calories and positively correlated with salt (NaCl) intake. •Spot urine methods are convenient for assessing the nutritional needs and targeting prevention programs in children. WHAT IS NEW •Utilizing morning spot urine analyses, estimated NaCl intake is positively correlated and Mg/Cr negatively correlated with BMI in Okinawan schoolchildren. •As estimated via morning spot urine samples, a greater proportion of children likely exceeds the recommended NaCl intake on the weekend as compared to weekday.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Takemoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Jasmine Millman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Tsugumi Uema
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
| | - Fusae Yamakawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Shiki Okamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Studies, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Mori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health and Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women's University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Masuzaki
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hematology, Rheumatology, Second Department of Internal Medicine), Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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Calcaterra V, Verduci E, Magenes VC, Pascuzzi MC, Rossi V, Sangiorgio A, Bosetti A, Zuccotti G, Mameli C. The Role of Pediatric Nutrition as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Precocious Puberty. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:1353. [PMID: 34947884 PMCID: PMC8706413 DOI: 10.3390/life11121353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical phase of growth and development characterized by a complex process regulated by the neuroendocrine system. Precocious puberty (PP) is defined as the appearance of physical and hormonal signs of pubertal development at an earlier age than is considered normal. The timing of puberty has important public health, clinical, and social implications. In fact, it is crucial in psychological and physical development and can impact future health. Nutritional status is considered as one of the most important factors modulating pubertal development. This narrative review presents an overview on the role of nutritional factors as determinants of the timing of sexual maturation, focusing on early-life and childhood nutrition. As reported, breast milk seems to have an important protective role against early puberty onset, mainly due to its positive influence on infant growth rate and childhood overweight prevention. The energy imbalance, macro/micronutrient food content, and dietary patterns may modulate the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, inducing precocious activation of puberty. An increase in knowledge on the mechanism whereby nutrients may influence puberty will be useful in providing adequate nutritional recommendations to prevent PP and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Calcaterra
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Chiara Pascuzzi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Virginia Rossi
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Arianna Sangiorgio
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Alessandra Bosetti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Pediatric Department, “Vittore Buzzi” Children’s Hospital, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (V.C.M.); (M.C.P.); (V.R.); (A.S.); (A.B.); (G.Z.); (C.M.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Lephart ED. Phytoestrogens (Resveratrol and Equol) for Estrogen-Deficient Skin-Controversies/Misinformation versus Anti-Aging In Vitro and Clinical Evidence via Nutraceutical-Cosmetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11218. [PMID: 34681876 PMCID: PMC8538984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The overarching theme for this review is perspective. Superfoods (a marketing term for fruits and vegetables, etc.) have a positive connotation, while many superfoods contain phytoestrogens, a term that is alarming to the public and has a negative connotation because phytoestrogens are endocrine-disruptors, even though they are strong antioxidants that have many health benefits. To understand phytoestrogens, this paper provides a brief summary of the characteristics of: (a) estrogens, (b) estrogen receptors (ER), (c) estrogen-deficient skin, (d) how perspective(s) get off track, (e) phytoestrogen food sources, and (f) misconceptions of phytoestrogens and food safety, in general, that influence person(s) away from what is true. Finally, a brief history of cosmetics to nutraceuticals is covered plus the characteristics of phytoestrogens, resveratrol and equol on: (g) estrogen receptor binding, (h) topical and oral dosing, and (i) in vitro, molecular mechanisms and select clinical evidence, where both phytoestrogens (resveratrol and equol) demonstrate promising applications to improve skin health is presented along with future directions of nutraceuticals. Perspective is paramount in understanding the controversies associated with superfoods, phytoestrogens, and endocrine-disruptors because they have both positive and negative connotations. Everyone is exposed to and consumes these molecules everyday regardless of age, gender, or geographic location around the world, and how we understand this is a matter of perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and The Neuroscience Center, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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22
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Choi YM, Yoon H, Shin MJ, Lee Y, Hur OS, Lee BC, Ha BK, Wang X, Desta KT. Metabolite Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds of Different Seed Coat Colors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1210. [PMID: 34439461 PMCID: PMC8388989 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed coat color is one of the main agronomical traits that determine the chemical quality of soybean seeds and has been used as a parameter during cultivar development. In this study, seeds of yellow (n = 10), greenish-yellow (n = 5), and light-yellow (n = 4) soybean accessions were evaluated for their contents of total protein, total oil, total phenolic (TPC), and five prominent fatty acids including palmitic acid (PA), stearic acid (SA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), and linolenic acid (LLA), relative to a control cultivar, and the effect of seed coat color on each was investigated. Antioxidant activity was also evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results showed significant variations of metabolite contents and antioxidant activities between the soybeans. The average TPC, DPPH-radical scavenging activity, and FRAP were each in the order of greenish-yellow > yellow > light-yellow soybeans. In contrast, light-yellow soybeans contained a high level of OA and low levels of SA, LA, and LLA, each except LA differing significantly from yellow and greenish-yellow soybeans (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that greenish-yellow and light-yellow soybeans could be good sources of antioxidants and high-quality soybean oil, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Mi Choi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Hyemyeong Yoon
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Myoung-Jae Shin
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - On Sook Hur
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Bong Choon Lee
- Crop Foundation Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Bo-Keun Ha
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
| | - Kebede Taye Desta
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.); (M.-J.S.); (Y.L.); (O.S.H.); (X.W.)
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
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Felício JS, de Alcântara AL, Janaú LC, de Moraes LV, de Oliveira MCNI, de Lemos MN, de Souza Neto NJK, Neto JFA, da Silva WM, de Souza ÍJA, Said NM, de Lemos GN, Vieira GM, Khayat AS, dos Santos ÂKCR, de Queiroz NNM, de Sousa ACCB, dos Santos MC, de Melo FTC, Piani PPF, Felício KM. Association of Soy and Exclusive Breastfeeding With Central Precocious Puberty: A Case-Control Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:667029. [PMID: 34290667 PMCID: PMC8287825 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.667029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction While soy is suggested as a possible risk factor, exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has a likely protective effect in precocious puberty. Our aim was to evaluate the association between both of these variables with central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods We performed a retrospective, case-control study. A total of 161 girls were divided into two groups: 84 patients diagnosed with CPP composed the case group and 77 patients without the diagnosis of CPP (had gone through normal onset of puberty) were the control group. Results Our control group had a higher presence of EBF >6 months, which was an important protective factor for CPP (OR: 0.5; IC 95%: 0.3-0.9, p = 0.05) and also correlated negatively with the presence of it (r = -0.2; p < 0.05). Oppositely, the use of soy was significantly higher in the CPP group, (OR: 3.8; IC 95%: 1.5-6, p < 0.05) and positively correlating (r = 0.2; p < 0.01) with the presence of CPP. Duration of soy intake (years) correlated with bone age (r = 0.415; p < 0.05). A logistic regression was performed to evaluate the effects of EBF duration and soy on CPP. The model was significant (x² (2) = 20,715, p = <0.001) and explained 12.2% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance, correctly classifying 62.5% of cases. EBF was associated with a reduction of likelihood of having CPP [OR = 0,187 (CI = 0.055-0,635); Wald = 7,222, p = 0.007], while soy intake increased the risk [OR = 3.505 (CI) = 1,688-7,279, Wald = 11,319, p = 0.001]. Conclusion Our data found the use of soy was associated with CPP. Additionally, EBF was pointed as a protective factor. However, future prospective studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Soares Felício
- Endocrinology Division, University Hospital João de Barros Barreto, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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24
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Sobik S, Sims CR, McCorkle G, Bellando J, Sorensen ST, Badger TM, Casey PH, Williams DK, Andres A. Early infant feeding effect on growth and body composition during the first 6 years and neurodevelopment at age 72 months. Pediatr Res 2021; 90:140-147. [PMID: 32961547 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study longitudinally characterized the developmental status, growth, and body composition of children who were fed human milk (breastfed, BF), cow's milk-based (MF), or soy protein-based (SF) infant formula from 3 to 12 months. METHODS Standardized anthropometrics and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were used to characterize growth and body composition at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72 months (NCT00616395). Preschool Language Scale-3, Children's Memory Scale Index (CMS), and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence were administered at age 72 months. Mixed-effects models adjusting for gestational age, birth weight, child race and sex, parental education, and maternal IQ were performed. RESULTS Body Mass index (BMI) was significantly lower between 24 and 72 months in BF children compared to SF children. At 3 and 6 months, BF infants had significantly higher fat mass (FM) than SF infants, whereas BF children had significantly lower FM at 36 and 48 months than SF children. Delayed Recognition Index of the CMS was higher for SF than for MF participants (p = 0.009). There was no other significant difference in developmental outcomes between groups. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, BF, MF, and SF support adequate growth and development up to age 6 years. IMPACT Although soy protein-based infant formula is reported to support normal infant growth and development compared to cow's milk-based formula and human milk, there are limited data on the effect of these feeding methods in school-aged children. This study suggests a significant difference in body composition, specifically BMI, after 24 months between infant feeding methods during the first year of life and in early childhood; however, all diets provide adequate nutrients to maintain normal development up to 72 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sobik
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Clark R Sims
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Jayne Bellando
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Seth T Sorensen
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Patrick H Casey
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. .,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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25
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Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071064. [PMID: 34209224 PMCID: PMC8301030 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids and have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they have also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, and have consequently received increasing attention as a functional food item. Isoflavones are structurally similar to 17-β-estradiol and bind to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ). The estrogenic activity of isoflavones ranges from a hundredth to a thousandth of that of estrogen itself. Isoflavones play a role in regulating the effects of estrogen in the human body, depending on the situation. Thus, when estrogen is insufficient, isoflavones perform the functions of estrogen, and when estrogen is excessive, isoflavones block the estrogen receptors to which estrogen binds, thus acting as an estrogen antagonist. In particular, estrogen antagonistic activity is important in the breast, endometrium, and prostate, and such antagonistic activity suppresses cancer occurrence. Genistein, an isoflavone, has cancer-suppressing effects on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) cancers, including breast cancer. It suppresses the function of enzymes such as tyrosine protein kinase, mitogen-activated kinase, and DNA polymerase II, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Genistein is the most biologically active and potent isoflavone candidate for cancer prevention. Furthermore, among the various physiological functions of isoflavones, they are best known for their antioxidant activities. S-Equol, a metabolite of genistein and daidzein, has strong antioxidative effects; however, the ability to metabolize daidzein into S-equol varies based on racial and individual differences. The antioxidant activity of isoflavones may be effective in preventing dementia by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Alzheimer's-related tau proteins. Genistein also reduces allergic responses by limiting the expression of mast cell IgE receptors, which are involved in allergic responses. In addition, they have been known to prevent and treat various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related diseases, high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and inflammation. Further, it also has positive effects on menstrual irregularity in non-menopausal women and relieving menopausal symptoms in middle-aged women. Recently, soybean consumption has shown steep increasing trend in Western countries where the intake was previously only 1/20-1/50 of that in Asian countries. In this review, I have dealt with the latest research trends that have shown substantial interest in the biological efficacy of isoflavones in humans and plants, and their related mechanisms.
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26
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Kozaczek M, Bottje W, Albataineh D, Hakkak R. Effects of Short- and Long-Term Soy Protein Feeding on Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Expression in Obese Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Rat Model. Front Nutr 2021; 8:699620. [PMID: 34262928 PMCID: PMC8273275 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.699620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity can lead to chronic health complications such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is characterized by lipid aggregation in the hepatocytes and inflammation of the liver tissue as a consequence that can contribute to the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previously, we reported that feeding obese Zucker rats with soy protein isolate (SPI) can reduce liver steatosis when compared with a casein (CAS) diet as a control. However, the effects of SPI on cytochrome P450 (CYP) in an obese rat model are less known. In addition, there is a lack of information concerning the consumption of soy protein in adolescents and its effect in reducing the early onset of NAFLD in this group. Our main goal was to understand if the SPI diet had any impact on the hepatic CYP gene expression when compared with the CAS diet. For this purpose, we used the transcriptomic data obtained in a previous study in which liver samples were collected from obese rats after short-term (eight-week) and long-term (16-week) feeding of SPI (n = 8 per group). To analyze this RNAseq data, we used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Comparing short- vs long-term feeding revealed an increase in the number of downregulated CYP genes from three at 8 weeks of SPI diet to five at 16 weeks of the same diet (P ≤ 0.05). On the other hand, upregulated CYP gene numbers showed a small increase in the long-term SPI diet compared to the short-term SPI diet, from 14 genes at 8 weeks to 17 genes at 16 weeks (P ≤ 0.05). The observed changes may have an important role in the attenuation of liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Kozaczek
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Walter Bottje
- Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Diyana Albataineh
- Department of Poultry Science and The Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, United States
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27
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Oliveira FRK, Gustavo AFSE, Gonçalves RB, Bolfi F, Mendes AL, Nunes-Nogueira VDS. Association between a soy-based infant diet and the onset of puberty: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251241. [PMID: 34003856 PMCID: PMC8130953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the association between a soy-based infant diet and the onset of puberty. We included studies in which children were fed a soy-based diet, and we compared them with those who were not. The primary outcomes were the onset of puberty in girls (thelarche, pubarche, and menarche age), boys (pubarche, voice change, testicular and penis enlargement age), and both (risk of delayed and precocious puberty [PP]). Search strategies were performed in PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and CENTRAL databases. Two reviewers selected eligible studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data from the included studies. The odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (CI) as a measure of the association between soy consumption and outcomes. We used a random-effects model to pool results across studies and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation to evaluate the certainty of evidence. We included eight studies in which 598 children consumed a soy-based diet but 2957 did not. The primary outcomes that could be plotted in the meta-analysis were the risk of PP and age at menarche. There was no statistical difference between groups for PP (OR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.09 to 2.94, 3 studies, 206 participants, low certainty of evidence). No between-group difference was observed in menarche age (MD 0.14 years, 95% CI -0.16 to 0.45, 3 studies, 605 children, low certainty of evidence). One study presented this outcome in terms of median and interquartile range, and although the onset of menarche was marginally increased in girls who received a soy-based diet, the reported age was within the normal age range for menarche. We did not find any association between a soy-based infant diet and the onset of puberty in boys or girls. Trial Registration: PROSPERO registration: CRD42018088902.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Ramos Kazan Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Flora Silva e Gustavo
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Braga Gonçalves
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bolfi
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Mendes
- Department of Internal Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Medical School, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Durban R, Groetch M, Meyer R, Coleman Collins S, Elverson W, Friebert A, Kabourek J, Marchand SM, McWilliam V, Netting M, Skypala I, Van Brennan T, Vassilopoulou E, Vlieg-Boerstra B, Venter C. Dietary Management of Food Allergy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2021; 41:233-270. [PMID: 33863482 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide food allergy prevalence is increasing, especially in children. Food allergy management strategies include appropriate avoidance measures and identifying suitable alternatives for a nutritionally sound diet. Individualized dietary intervention begins teaching label reading, which differs among countries or regions. Dietary intervention must result in a nutritionally sound plan including alternatives to support optimal growth and development. Inappropriate or incomplete dietary advice may increase the risk of adverse reactions, growth faltering, and nutrient deficiencies. Evidence indicates input from a registered dietitian improves nutritional outcomes. Nutritional input plays a critical role managing nutritional disorders related to food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Durban
- Carolina Asthma & Allergy Center, 2600 E 7th St unit a, Charlotte, NC 28204, USA
| | - Marion Groetch
- Division of Allergy & Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1198, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rosan Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Wendy Elverson
- Boston Children's Hospital Center for Nutrition, 333 Longwood Avenue, 4th floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alyssa Friebert
- Allergy and Immunology Clinic, 13123 East 16th Avenue Box 270, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jamie Kabourek
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Food Innovation Center, Room 279c, 1901 North 21 Street, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Stephanie M Marchand
- Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA; Food and Nutrition Services, Hasbro Children's Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Vicki McWilliam
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Merryn Netting
- Women and Kids Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Nurition Department, Women's and Children's Health Network, North Adelaide 5006, South Australia, Australia
| | - Isabel Skypala
- Imperial College, London, UK; Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Brompton Hospital, 4th Floor Fulham Wing, Sydney Street, London SW3 6NP, UK
| | - Taryn Van Brennan
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue Box B518 Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO 80045, USA
| | - Emillia Vassilopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Thessaloniki 57400, Greece
| | - Berber Vlieg-Boerstra
- Department of Pediatrics, OLVG Hospital, PO Box 95500, Amsterdam 1090HM, The Netherlands
| | - Carina Venter
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, 13123 East 16th Avenue Box B518 Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora CO 80045, USA.
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29
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Messina M, Mejia SB, Cassidy A, Duncan A, Kurzer M, Nagato C, Ronis M, Rowland I, Sievenpiper J, Barnes S. Neither soyfoods nor isoflavones warrant classification as endocrine disruptors: a technical review of the observational and clinical data. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:5824-5885. [PMID: 33775173 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones, which are classified as phytoestrogens. Despite numerous proposed benefits, isoflavones are often classified as endocrine disruptors, based primarily on animal studies. However, there are ample human data regarding the health effects of isoflavones. We conducted a technical review, systematically searching Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (from inception through January 2021). We included clinical studies, observational studies, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) that examined the relationship between soy and/or isoflavone intake and endocrine-related endpoints. 417 reports (229 observational studies, 157 clinical studies and 32 SRMAs) met our eligibility criteria. The available evidence indicates that isoflavone intake does not adversely affect thyroid function. Adverse effects are also not seen on breast or endometrial tissue or estrogen levels in women, or testosterone or estrogen levels, or sperm or semen parameters in men. Although menstrual cycle length may be slightly increased, ovulation is not prevented. Limited insight could be gained about possible impacts of in utero isoflavone exposure, but the existing data are reassuring. Adverse effects of isoflavone intake were not identified in children, but limited research has been conducted. After extensive review, the evidence does not support classifying isoflavones as endocrine disruptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Department of Nutrition, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sonia Blanco Mejia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Aedin Cassidy
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alison Duncan
- College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mindy Kurzer
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Chisato Nagato
- Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Martin Ronis
- Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Baton Rouge, New Orleans, USA
| | - Ian Rowland
- Human Nutrition, University of Reading, Reading, England, UK
| | | | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Alabama, USA
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30
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Hod R, Maniam S, Mohd Nor NH. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Equol (Soy Metabolite) on Breast Cancer. Molecules 2021; 26:1105. [PMID: 33669783 PMCID: PMC7922416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Equol is a soy isoflavone metabolite that can be produced by intestinal bacteria. It is lipophilic and resembles natural oestrogens with an affinity to oestrogen receptors. This review is focused on how equol affects breast cancer, as evidenced by in vivo and in vitro studies. Equol is considered chemoprotective in specific endocrine-related pathologies, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and menopausal symptoms. In humans, not everyone can produce equol from gut metabolism. It is postulated that equol producers benefit more than non-equol producers for all the endocrine-related effects. Equol exists in two enantiomers of R-equol and S-equol. Earlier studies, however, did not specify which enantiomer was being used. This review considers equol's type and concentration variations, pathways affected, and its outcome in in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafidah Hod
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (S.M.); (N.H.M.N.)
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31
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Jin YH, Jeon AR, Mah JH. Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Soybeans Fermented with Bacillus subtilis Capable of Producing a Phenolic Glycoside, Arbutin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121301. [PMID: 33353058 PMCID: PMC7766266 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of arbutin, an effective tyrosinase inhibitor as well as an outstanding antioxidant, by 691 Bacillus strains isolated from soybean-based foods was tested to enhance the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of soybeans via fermentation with the strains. Among the strains tested, the 5 strains capable of significantly producing arbutin were identified as B. subtilis via 16S rRNA sequencing. When soybeans were fermented with each of the selected strains, the arbutin content was highest on day 1 of fermentation and decreased thereafter. However, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the fermented soybeans continuously increased as fermentation progressed, whereas the activity of non-inoculated soybeans was consistently low. The results indicate that arbutin enhances the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of soybeans in the early period of fermentation, while other substances besides arbutin contribute to the activity in the later period. Consequently, soybeans fermented with arbutin-producing B. subtilis strains could be considered as a natural source of cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics used in skin lightening and may be of interest in the food industry because they contain well-known and powerful antioxidants such as arbutin and other substances.
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32
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Verduci E, Di Profio E, Cerrato L, Nuzzi G, Riva L, Vizzari G, D'Auria E, Giannì ML, Zuccotti G, Peroni DG. Use of Soy-Based Formulas and Cow's Milk Allergy: Lights and Shadows. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:591988. [PMID: 33313028 PMCID: PMC7707102 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.591988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max) is a species of legume native to East Asia and used in childhood diet for over 2,000 years in the East. Soy protein formulas have been available for almost a century. Nowadays, the increase in cow's milk allergy and vegetarian dietary preferences are driving consumers toward cow's milk alternatives. In this paper, we reviewed the nutritional composition of soy-based infant formula and discussed their possible use in pediatric age, mainly focusing on prevention and treatment of cow's milk allergy. Protein quality is determined by digestibility and amino acid content. Purified or concentrated vegetable proteins (e.g., soy protein and gluten) have high digestibility (>95%), similar to those of animal ones. For some intact vegetable products (e.g., whole cereals and pulses), protein digestibility is lower (80-90%). Food processing and heat treatment also influence protein digestibility. Considering these data, we tried to evaluate the possible use of soybean and derivatives in pediatric age, including the nutritional composition of soy formulas and the clinical indications for their use. Moreover, since plant-based beverages are being perceived as healthy by consumers and their use is growing on the market, we recommend that soy drink should not be used as a substitute for infant formulas or cow's milk in children younger than 24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lucia Cerrato
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Nuzzi
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Riva
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Vizzari
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Enza D'Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Lorella Giannì
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, NICU, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Diego G. Peroni
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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33
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Yu Y, Xing Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Huang S, Li X, Gao C. Soy isoflavone genistein inhibits hsa_circ_0031250/miR-873-5p/FOXM1 axis to suppress non-small-cell lung cancer progression. IUBMB Life 2020; 73:92-107. [PMID: 33159503 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The foods of plants provide the rich nutrition and have protective function in human diseases, including cancers. Genistein is a major isoflavone constituent in soybeans, which has an anti-cancer role in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the anti-cancer function of genistein in NSCLC remains largely unknown. NSCLC cells (H292 and A549) were exposed to genistein. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0031250 (circ_0031250), microRNA (miR)-873-5p and forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) abundances were examined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The function of genistein, circ_0031250, miR-873-5p, and FOXM1 on NSCLC progression was investigated via Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, transwell well, wound healing, flow cytometry, Western blotting and xenograft model. The target relationship was analyzed by dual-luciferase reporter analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation. Results showed that genistein inhibited NSCLC cell viability in dose-time-dependent patterns. circ_0031250 abundance was elevated in NSCLC samples and cell lines, and it was reduced via genistein exposure. circ_0031250 knockdown aggravated genistein-caused suppression of cell proliferation, migration and invasion and elevation of apoptosis. miR-873-5p expression was decreased in NSCLC samples and cells. miR-873-5p was targeted via circ_0031250, and miR-873-5p knockdown attenuated the influence of circ_0031250 silence on NSCLC progression in the presence of genistein. FOXM1 was regulated via circ_0031250/miR-873-5p axis. miR-873-5p constrained cell proliferation, migration and invasion and increased apoptosis via regulating FOXM1 in genistein-treated cells. circ_0031250 knockdown enhanced the inhibitive function of genistein on NSCLC cell growth in xenograft model. Collectively, genistein repressed NSCLC progression by modulating circ_0031250/miR-873-5p/FOXM1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaying Yu
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanwei Xing
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shuangjian Huang
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Department of Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Scientific Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Technical opinion of the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología on soy plant-based beverages. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Soy intake and chronic disease risk: findings from prospective cohort studies in Japan. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 75:890-901. [PMID: 32917961 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There has been much interest in the potential role of soy in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Soy foods are uniquely rich in isoflavones, a fact that has triggered much research including intervention studies. However, there have been few long-term prospective observational studies that include disease itself as an outcome. High intake of soy foods is intrinsic to the Japanese diet, which can be advantageous for conducting such studies in Japan. The present report reviews the findings from Japanese prospective cohort studies on soy intake and the risk of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, and dementia. The results suggest a beneficial role of soy in several chronic diseases, but they are not without controversy. Discrepancies have been observed in the findings of studies of Japanese or other Asians as compared to those of non Asians. This review discusses the issues to be explored in future studies.
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Vázquez-Frias R, Icaza-Chávez ME, Ruiz-Castillo MA, Amieva-Balmori M, Argüello-Arévalo GA, Carmona-Sánchez RI, Flores-Bello MV, Hernández-Rosiles V, Hernández-Vez G, Medina-Vera I, Montijo-Barrios E, Núñez-Barrera I, Pinzón-Navarro BA, Sánchez-Ramírez CA. Technical opinion of the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología on soy plant-based beverages. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO 2020; 85:461-471. [PMID: 32863095 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There has been a recent increase in the consumption of cow's milk substitutes, specifically plant-based beverages, which have erroneously been named "plant milks". Plant-based beverages do not have a standard of identity, and so their nutritional composition can vary from one brand to another, even within the same category. The aim of the present narrative review was to produce a technical opinion to serve as a frame of reference for sustaining the recommendation of soy plant-based beverages. Nutrition and gastroenterology experts that belong to the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología jointly commented on and analyzed themes on plant-based beverages, and on soy drinks in particular, including their nutritional characteristics, consumption in children, and potential growth and development alterations, as well as soy drink consumption in adults and its association with gastrointestinal alterations and other conditions. Plant-based beverages, including those made from soy, are not a replacement for breastmilk or breastmilk substitutes. Soy beverages are considered safe and can enrich the varied diet of its consumers, as long as they are considered an additional liquid portion of the diet. They can be ingested by adults and children above two years of age that present with cow's milk protein allergy or lactose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vázquez-Frias
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Ciudad de México, México.
| | | | - M A Ruiz-Castillo
- Servicio de Gastroenterología Pediátrica, Hospital del Niño DIF Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México
| | - M Amieva-Balmori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - G A Argüello-Arévalo
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Pediátrica, Centro Médico Nacional La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - R I Carmona-Sánchez
- Unidad de Medicina Ambulatoria, Christus Muguerza, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - M V Flores-Bello
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - V Hernández-Rosiles
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - I Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - E Montijo-Barrios
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
| | - I Núñez-Barrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - B A Pinzón-Navarro
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Ciudad de México, México
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Zeng J, Feng Y, Feng J, Chen X. The effect of soy intervention on insulin-like growth factor 1 levels: A meta-analysis of clinical trials. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1570-1577. [PMID: 32072706 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A low insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level is known to be associated with many disorders. Several studies have shown that soy consumption may influence IGF-1, but the findings remain inconclusive. In this work, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a more accurate estimation of the effect of soy consumption on plasma IGF-1. A comprehensive systematic search was performed in Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases from inception until October 2019. Eight studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) of the eligible studies was calculated with random-effects approach. Overall, a significant increment in plasma IGF-1 was observed following soy intervention (WMD: 13.5 ng/ml, 95% CI: 5.2, 21.8, I2 = 97%). Subgroup analyses demonstrated a significantly greater increase in IGF-1, when soy was administered at a dosage of ≤40 g/day (WMD: 11.7 ng/ml, 95% CI: 10.9 to 12.6, I2 = 98%), and when the intervention duration was <12 weeks (WMD: 26.6 ng/ml, 95% CI: 9.1 to 44.1, I2 = 0.0%). In addition, soy intervention resulted in a greater increase in IGF-1 among non-healthy subjects (WMD: 36 ng/ml, 95% CI: 32.7 to 39.4, I2 = 84%) than healthy subjects (WMD: 9.8 ng/ml, 95% CI: 8.9 to 10.7, I2 = 90%). In conclusion, this study provided the first meta-analytical evidence that soy intake may increase IGF-1 levels, but the magnitude of the increase is dependent on the intervention dosage, duration, and health status of the participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Jiafu Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
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Chen SI, Tseng HT, Hsieh CC. Evaluating the impact of soy compounds on breast cancer using the data mining approach. Food Funct 2020; 11:4561-4570. [PMID: 32400770 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00976k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that soy intake is associated with the promotion of health and prevention of cancers. However, the relationship between the intake of soy compounds and the risk of breast cancer is still debatable. In this study, we use mathematical models for assessing the impact of soy phytoestrogens and protein/peptide intervention on breast cancer development using the datasets acquired from a large number of published studies. We used data mining models, including the decision tree classification and association rule methods, to analyze 478 data collected from 201 research papers. The results indicated that the intervention of soy proteins and peptides, especially lunasin (LUN) and bowman-birk protease inhibitor (BBI), has a positive impact on different types of breast cancer, while the effects of soy phytoestrogens are inconsistent in breast cancer development. Among soy phytoestrogens, daidzein (DAI) exhibited the highest negative impact on breast cancer, followed by coumestrol (COU), soysapogenol (SAP), genistein (GEN), and equol (EQ). With regard to the type of cancer, phytoestrogens should be carefully considered in estrogen receptor (ER)+ or progesterone receptor (PR)+ breast cancer. In the case of ER-, PR- or triple negative type, both soy categories can be used as auxiliary interventions. In summary, this is the first study to use data mining to explore the relationship between the intake of soy phytoestrogens or proteins/peptides and breast cancer development. Our findings indicate that soy intervention might reduce breast cancer development. However, the specific soy compound and cancer type should be considered before allocating a precise nutrient intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-I Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Nogueira-de-Almeida CA, Ferraz IS, Ued FDV, Almeida ACF, Ciampo LAD. Impact of soy consumption on human health: integrative review. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1981-6723.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Soy consumption is a millenary habit of populations of the eastern world and has recently increased in the western world. The risks and benefits of this practice have been extensively studied, with a current fundamental need of integration of available information. The aim of this study was to carry out an integrative review on this topic, in order to consolidate the available information. Based on the main question: “What is the impact of soy consumption on human health?”, were reviewed publications classified as original articles and reviews published from 1998 to 2020 in the databases Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. A total of 97 studies were selected. In the present review were described the general impact of soy on human health and its protein quality, the effects of early exposure using soy formulas, and the effects of soy consumption on breast cancer, endometrial and ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, cardiovascular disease, glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes, obesity, reproductive health, menopause, female and male osteoporosis, microbiota, immunity and immunomodulation, thyroid function, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and renal function.
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Abstract
A wide variety of plant species provide edible seeds. Seeds are the dominant source of human calories and protein. The most important and popular seed food sources are cereals, followed by legumes and nuts. Their nutritional content of fiber, protein, and monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fats make them extremely nutritious. They are important additions to our daily food consumption. When consumed as part of a healthy diet, seeds can help reduce blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure.
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Mayo B, Vázquez L, Flórez AB. Equol: A Bacterial Metabolite from The Daidzein Isoflavone and Its Presumed Beneficial Health Effects. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092231. [PMID: 31527435 PMCID: PMC6770660 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data suggest that regular intake of isoflavones from soy reduces the incidence of estrogen-dependent and aging-associated disorders, such as menopause symptoms in women, osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Equol, produced from daidzein, is the isoflavone-derived metabolite with the greatest estrogenic and antioxidant activity. Consequently, equol has been endorsed as having many beneficial effects on human health. The conversion of daidzein into equol takes place in the intestine via the action of reductase enzymes belonging to incompletely characterized members of the gut microbiota. While all animal species analyzed so far produce equol, only between one third and one half of human subjects (depending on the community) are able to do so, ostensibly those that harbor equol-producing microbes. Conceivably, these subjects might be the only ones who can fully benefit from soy or isoflavone consumption. This review summarizes current knowledge on the microorganisms involved in, the genetic background to, and the biochemical pathways of, equol biosynthesis. It also outlines the results of recent clinical trials and meta-analyses on the effects of equol on different areas of human health and discusses briefly its presumptive mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Lucía Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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Chen S, Hsieh C. Chemoprevention by means of soy proteins and peptides – current status and future approaches: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng‐I Chen
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30080 Taiwan
| | - Chia‐Chien Hsieh
- School of Life Science Programs of Nutrition Science National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 10610 Taiwan
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Zhang J, Guo Q, Wei M, Bai J, Huang J, Liu Y, Su Z, Qiu X. Metabolite Identification and Pharmacokinetic Profiling of Isoflavones from Black Soybean in Rats Using Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Linear-Ion-Trap-Orbitrap and Triple-Quadrupole Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12941-12952. [PMID: 30444115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Black soybeans are rich in isoflavones, which have several beneficial health effects. In this study, a validated method based on UHPLC-MS/MS was developed to screen black-soybean metabolites in rat urine, bile, and plasma and to quantify the compounds (daidzein, genistein, glycitein, and daidzin) and their metabolites (daidzein-4'-β-d-glucuronide, genistein-7-β-d-glucuronide, and genistein-4'-β-d-glucuronide) in plasma. Thirty-seven compounds were tentatively detected in the biological samples. The method was fully validated in quantitative experiments, including in assessments of linearity (2.5-100 ng/mL for daidzein, genistein, and glycitein; 10-100 ng/mL for daidzin; 5-3125 ng/mL for genistein-7-β-d-glucuronide; and 5-1562.5 ng/mL for daidzein-4'-β-d-glucuronide and genistein-4'-β-d-glucuronide), matrix effects (85-115%), recovery (80-105%), precision (<10%), and accuracy (<10%). The compounds were stable throughout sample storage, treatment, and analysis. The method was first applied to detect IFs and metabolites in rats after oral administration of black-soybean extract. These results support the potential of this method for successful application in pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juping Zhang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51006 , China
| | - Qianxiang Guo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
| | - Meijin Wei
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
| | - Junqi Bai
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
| | - Juan Huang
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51006 , China
| | - Ziren Su
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51006 , China
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou 51000 , China
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Testa I, Salvatori C, Di Cara G, Latini A, Frati F, Troiani S, Principi N, Esposito S. Soy-Based Infant Formula: Are Phyto-Oestrogens Still in Doubt? Front Nutr 2018; 5:110. [PMID: 30533415 PMCID: PMC6265372 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Scientific Societies have stated that there are very few indications for the use of soy-based formula (SF) in infant nutrition, their utilization rates have been repeatedly found to be higher than expected. It is likely that a significant role in this regard is played by the belief that the use of SF during infancy can reduce the risk of the development of several diseases later in life. Although no definitive data that can substantiate these claims have been collected, many people perceive soy consumption to confer significant health benefits and might also use soy for infant nutrition. However, not all the problems regarding safety of SF in infants have been definitively solved. Among risks, the potentially toxic role of the phyto-oestrogens contained in SF is not definitively established. In vitro and animal studies have raised suspicions that SF could have potentially negative effects on sexual development and reproductive function, neurobehavioral development, immune function, and thyroid function. Several studies in humans have aimed to assess whether the results of animal studies can be applied to humans and whether SF can be used in infants following the official recommendations. The results are somewhat conflicting. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss what is presently known regarding the impact of phyto-oestrogens in SF on early and late child development. PubMed was used to search for the studies published from January 1980 to June 2017 using the keywords: “soy,” “soy formula,” “child,” “phytoestrogens.” Analysis of the literature showed that a global evaluation of the impact of modern SFs on human development seems to suggest that their use is not associated with relevant abnormalities. Only children with congenital hypothyroidism need adequate monitoring of thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Testa
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Salvatori
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Cara
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Arianna Latini
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Franco Frati
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Troiani
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nicola Principi
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Corrêa TA, Rogero MM. Polyphenols regulating microRNAs and inflammation biomarkers in obesity. Nutrition 2018; 59:150-157. [PMID: 30471527 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most prevalent health problems worldwide. It is a complex disease that is generally accompanied by insulin resistance, increases in oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers, and potentially, microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation. Polyphenols may act on obesity and its metabolic consequences. Circulating miRNAs have been studied as potential biomarkers for inflammatory and metabolic diseases, and their use may improve the diagnostic tools currently available and the ability to diagnose specific diseases. To our knowledge, data regarding the link between the consumption of polyphenols from food sources, miRNA expression, and inflammation biomarkers related to obesity is scarce, and most data available describing this relationship are found in cancer studies. This review focuses on the polyphenols that modulate the metabolism, inflammation, or both related to obesity to understand the extent to which miRNA expression can be modulated by dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Af Corrêa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dirkes RK, Richard MW, Meers GM, Butteiger DN, Krul ES, Thyfault JP, Rector RS, Hinton PS. Soy Protein Isolate Suppresses Bone Resorption and Improves Trabecular Microarchitecture in Spontaneously Hyperphagic, Rapidly Growing Male OLETF Rats. Curr Dev Nutr 2018; 2:nzy010. [PMID: 30019033 PMCID: PMC6041976 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzy010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, milk proteins have been recommended for skeletal health; recently, soy proteins have emerged as popular alternatives. Excess adiposity appears detrimental to skeletal health, as obese adolescents have increased fracture rates compared with healthy controls. However, soy protein effects on skeletal health during excess adiposity remain unknown. OBJECTIVE The study objective was to examine the effects of isocaloric diets containing milk protein isolate (MPI), soy protein isolate (SPI), or a 50/50 combination (MIX) as the sole protein source on metabolic health indicators and bone outcomes in rapidly growing, hyperphagic, male Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. METHODS OLETF rats, aged 4 wk, were randomly assigned to 3 treatment groups (MPI, SPI, or MIX, n = 20 per group) and provided with access to experimental diets ad libitum for 16 wk. RESULTS Body mass did not differ between the groups, but SPI had lower percentage body fat than MPI (P = 0.026). Insulin was lower in MPI than in MIX (P = 0.033) or SPI (P = 0.044), but fasting blood glucose was not different between the groups. SPI significantly reduced serum cholesterol compared with MPI (P = 0.001) and MIX (P = 0.002). N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) was higher in MIX than MPI (P = 0.05); C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTx) was higher in MPI than SPI (P < 0.001) and MIX (P < 0.001); the P1NP to CTx ratio was significantly higher in SPI and MIX than in MPI (P < 0.001). Trabecular separation was reduced in SPI compared with MPI (P = 0.030) and MIX (P = 0.008); trabecular number was increased in SPI compared with MIX (P = 0.038). No differences were seen in cortical geometry and biomechanical properties. CONCLUSIONS In the context of excess adiposity, soy- and milk-based proteins have comparable effects on cortical bone geometry and biomechanical properties, whereas soy-based proteins favorably affect the trabecular microarchitecture, and the combination of both proteins may offer additional benefits to bone remodeling in rapidly growing male OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Matthew W Richard
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Grace M Meers
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | | | | | - John P Thyfault
- University of Kansas Medical Center and Kansas City VA, Kansas City, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Pamela S Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Xiao Y, Zhang S, Tong H, Shi S. Comprehensive evaluation of the role of soy and isoflavone supplementation in humans and animals over the past two decades. Phytother Res 2017; 32:384-394. [PMID: 29193539 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Soy and soy-based foods are considered healthy, particularly in many Asia-Pacific countries, where soy products have long been consumed. Soy and soy-related products have been found to help prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer, such as breast and prostate cancer. These products can also have antioxidative effects that alleviate hot flashes during menopause and bone loss. These biological and therapeutic functions are primarily due to the isoflavones derived from soy, whose structure is similar to the structure of 17-β-oestradiol. Despite the many health benefits for humans and animals, the application of isoflavones remains controversial because of their anti-oestrogenic properties. We focused on general information regarding isoflavones, as well as their structure, function, and application. We summarized evidence showing that dietary or supplemental isoflavones exert protective effects on the health of humans and animals. Based on the literature, we conclude that soy foods and isoflavones may be effective and safe; however, more high-quality trials are needed to fully substantiate their potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Xiao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibing Tong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, 58 Cangjie Road, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225125, Jiangsu, China
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