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Brynes A, Zhang Y, Williams JV. Human metapneumovirus SH protein promotes JAK1 degradation to impair host IL-6 signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593594. [PMID: 38798421 PMCID: PMC11118450 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in children, older adults, and those with underlying conditions 1,2,3,4. HMPV must evade immune defenses to replicate successfully; however, the viral proteins used to accomplish this are poorly characterized. The HMPV small hydrophobic (SH) protein has been reported to inhibit signaling through type I and type II interferon (IFN) receptors in vitro, in part by preventing STAT1 phosphorylation5. HMPV infection also inhibits IL-6 signaling. However, the mechanisms by which SH inhibits signaling, and its involvement in IL-6 signaling inhibition are unknown. Here, we used transfection of SH expression plasmids and SH-deleted virus (ΔSH) to show that SH is the viral factor responsible for inhibition of IL-6 signaling during HMPV infection. Transfection of SH-expression vectors or infection with wildtype, but not ΔSH virus, blocked IL-6 mediated STAT3 activation. Further, JAK1 protein (but not RNA) was significantly reduced in cells infected with wildtype but not ΔSH virus. The SH-mediated reduction of JAK1 was partially restored by addition of proteasome inhibitors, suggesting proteasomal degradation of JAK1. Confocal microscopy indicated that infection relocalized JAK1 to viral replication factories. Co-immunoprecipitation showed that SH interacts with JAK1 and ubiquitin, further linking SH to proteasomal degradation machinery. These data indicate that SH inhibits IL-6 and IFN signaling in infected cells in part by promoting proteasomal degradation of JAK1 and that SH is necessary for IL-6 and IFN signaling inhibition in infection. These findings enhance our understanding of the immune evasion mechanisms of an important respiratory pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Brynes
- Program in Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John V. Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Tejwani L, Ravindra NG, Lee C, Cheng Y, Nguyen B, Luttik K, Ni L, Zhang S, Morrison LM, Gionco J, Xiang Y, Yoon J, Ro H, Haidery F, Grijalva RM, Bae E, Kim K, Martuscello RT, Orr HT, Zoghbi HY, McLoughlin HS, Ranum LPW, Shakkottai VG, Faust PL, Wang S, van Dijk D, Lim J. Longitudinal single-cell transcriptional dynamics throughout neurodegeneration in SCA1. Neuron 2024; 112:362-383.e15. [PMID: 38016472 PMCID: PMC10922326 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a protracted process involving progressive changes in myriad cell types that ultimately results in the death of vulnerable neuronal populations. To dissect how individual cell types within a heterogeneous tissue contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of a neurodegenerative disorder, we performed longitudinal single-nucleus RNA sequencing of mouse and human spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) cerebellar tissue, establishing continuous dynamic trajectories of each cell population. Importantly, we defined the precise transcriptional changes that precede loss of Purkinje cells and, for the first time, identified robust early transcriptional dysregulation in unipolar brush cells and oligodendroglia. Finally, we applied a deep learning method to predict disease state accurately and identified specific features that enable accurate distinction of wild-type and SCA1 cells. Together, this work reveals new roles for diverse cerebellar cell types in SCA1 and provides a generalizable analysis framework for studying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Tejwani
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Neal G Ravindra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Changwoo Lee
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Yubao Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Billy Nguyen
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kimberly Luttik
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Luhan Ni
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Shupei Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Logan M Morrison
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Gionco
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yangfei Xiang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Hannah Ro
- Yale College, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Rosalie M Grijalva
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | - Kristen Kim
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Regina T Martuscello
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Harry T Orr
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Huda Y Zoghbi
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hayley S McLoughlin
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Laura P W Ranum
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for Neurogenetics, College of Medicine, Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Vikram G Shakkottai
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Phyllis L Faust
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - David van Dijk
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Janghoo Lim
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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3
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Felício D, du Mérac TR, Amorim A, Martins S. Functional implications of paralog genes in polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1651-1676. [PMID: 37845370 PMCID: PMC10676324 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02607-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) comprise a group of autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorders caused by (CAG/CAA)n expansions. The elongated stretches of adjacent glutamines alter the conformation of the native proteins inducing neurotoxicity, and subsequent motor and neurological symptoms. Although the etiology and neuropathology of most polyQ SCAs have been extensively studied, only a limited selection of therapies is available. Previous studies on SCA1 demonstrated that ATXN1L, a human duplicated gene of the disease-associated ATXN1, alleviated neuropathology in mice models. Other SCA-associated genes have paralogs (i.e., copies at different chromosomal locations derived from duplication of the parental gene), but their functional relevance and potential role in disease pathogenesis remain unexplored. Here, we review the protein homology, expression pattern, and molecular functions of paralogs in seven polyQ dominant ataxias-SCA1, SCA2, MJD/SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, SCA17, and DRPLA. Besides ATXN1L, we highlight ATXN2L, ATXN3L, CACNA1B, ATXN7L1, ATXN7L2, TBPL2, and RERE as promising functional candidates to play a role in the neuropathology of the respective SCA, along with the parental gene. Although most of these duplicates lack the (CAG/CAA)n region, if functionally redundant, they may compensate for a partial loss-of-function or dysfunction of the wild-type genes in SCAs. We aim to draw attention to the hypothesis that paralogs of disease-associated genes may underlie the complex neuropathology of dominant ataxias and potentiate new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Felício
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tanguy Rubat du Mérac
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - António Amorim
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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4
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Figueiredo AS, Loureiro JR, Macedo-Ribeiro S, Silveira I. Advances in Nucleotide Repeat Expansion Diseases: Transcription Gets in Phase. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060826. [PMID: 36980167 PMCID: PMC10047669 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Unstable DNA repeat expansions and insertions have been found to cause more than 50 neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative, and neuromuscular disorders. One of the main hallmarks of repeat expansion diseases is the formation of abnormal RNA or protein aggregates in the neuronal cells of affected individuals. Recent evidence indicates that alterations of the dynamic or material properties of biomolecular condensates assembled by liquid/liquid phase separation are critical for the formation of these aggregates. This is a thermodynamically-driven and reversible local phenomenon that condenses macromolecules into liquid-like compartments responsible for compartmentalizing molecules required for vital cellular processes. Disease-associated repeat expansions modulate the phase separation properties of RNAs and proteins, interfering with the composition and/or the material properties of biomolecular condensates and resulting in the formation of abnormal aggregates. Since several repeat expansions have arisen in genes encoding crucial players in transcription, this raises the hypothesis that wide gene expression dysregulation is common to multiple repeat expansion diseases. This review will cover the impact of these mutations in the formation of aberrant aggregates and how they modify gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S. Figueiredo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana R. Loureiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Silveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-2240-8800
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5
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Genomic Amplification of UBQLN4 Is a Prognostic and Treatment Resistance Factor. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203311. [PMID: 36291176 PMCID: PMC9600423 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilin-4 (UBQLN4) is a proteasomal shuttle factor that directly binds to ubiquitylated proteins and delivers its cargo to the 26S proteasome for degradation. We previously showed that upregulated UBQLN4 determines the DNA damage response (DDR) through the degradation of MRE11A. However, the regulatory mechanism at DNA level, transcriptionally and post-transcriptional levels that control UBQLN4 mRNA levels remains unknown. In this study, we screened 32 solid tumor types and validated our findings by immunohistochemistry analysis. UBQLN4 is upregulated at both mRNA and protein levels and the most significant values were observed in liver, breast, ovarian, lung, and esophageal cancers. Patients with high UBQLN4 mRNA levels had significantly poor prognoses in 20 of 32 cancer types. DNA amplification was identified as the main mechanism promoting UBQLN4 upregulation in multiple cancers, even in the early phases of tumor development. Using CRISPR screen datasets, UBQLN4 was identified as a common essential gene for tumor cell viability in 81.1% (860/1,060) of the solid tumor derived cell lines. Ovarian cancer cell lines with high UBQLN4 mRNA levels were platinum-based chemotherapy resistant, while they were more sensitive to poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Our findings highlight the utilities of UBQLN4 as a significant pan-cancer theranostic factor and a precision oncology biomarker for DDR-related drug resistance.
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6
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Lin BC, Higgins NR, Phung TH, Monteiro MJ. UBQLN proteins in health and disease with a focus on UBQLN2 in ALS/FTD. FEBS J 2022; 289:6132-6153. [PMID: 34273246 PMCID: PMC8761781 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquilin (UBQLN) proteins are a dynamic and versatile family of proteins found in all eukaryotes that function in the regulation of proteostasis. Besides their canonical function as shuttle factors in delivering misfolded proteins to the proteasome and autophagy systems for degradation, there is emerging evidence that UBQLN proteins play broader roles in proteostasis. New information suggests the proteins function as chaperones in protein folding, protecting proteins prior to membrane insertion, and as guardians for mitochondrial protein import. In this review, we describe the evidence for these different roles, highlighting how different domains of the proteins impart these functions. We also describe how changes in the structure and phase separation properties of UBQLNs may regulate their activity and function. Finally, we discuss the pathogenic mechanisms by which mutations in UBQLN2 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. We describe the animal model systems made for different UBQLN2 mutations and how lessons learnt from these systems provide fundamental insight into the molecular mechanisms by which UBQLN2 mutations drive disease pathogenesis through disturbances in proteostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Lin
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole R. Higgins
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Trong H. Phung
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mervyn J. Monteiro
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Yamaguchi M, Lee IS, Jantrapirom S, Suda K, Yoshida H. Drosophila models to study causative genes for human rare intractable neurological diseases. Exp Cell Res 2021; 403:112584. [PMID: 33812867 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila is emerging as a convenient model for investigating human diseases. Functional homologues of almost 75% of human disease-related genes are found in Drosophila. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severe neurodegenerative disease that causes defects in motoneurons. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most commonly found inherited neuropathies affecting both motor and sensory neurons. No effective therapy has been established for either of these diseases. In this review, after overviewing ALS, Drosophila models targeting several ALS-causing genes, including TDP-43, FUS and Ubiquilin2, are described with their genetic interactants. Then, after overviewing CMT, examples of Drosophila models targeting several CMT-causing genes, including mitochondria-related genes and FIG 4, are also described with their genetic interactants. In addition, we introduce Sotos syndrome caused by mutations in the epigenetic regulator gene NSD1. Lastly, several genes and pathways that commonly interact with ALS- and/or CMT-causing genes are described. In the case of ALS and CMT that have many causative genes, it may be not practical to perform gene therapy for each of the many disease-causing genes. The possible uses of the common genes and pathways as novel diagnosis markers and effective therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan; Kansai Gakken Laboratory, Kankyo Eisei Yakuhin Co. Ltd., Seika-cho, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Im-Soon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Salinee Jantrapirom
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kojiro Suda
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshida
- Department of Applied Biology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
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8
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Murakami T, Shoji Y, Nishi T, Chang SC, Jachimowicz RD, Hoshimoto S, Ono S, Shiloh Y, Takeuchi H, Kitagawa Y, Hoon DSB, Bustos MA. Regulation of MRE11A by UBQLN4 leads to cisplatin resistance in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1069-1087. [PMID: 33605536 PMCID: PMC8024730 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to standard cisplatin‐based chemotherapies leads to worse survival outcomes for patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the aberrant mechanisms driving resistance in ESCC tumors. We hypothesized that ubiquilin‐4 (UBQLN4), a protein that targets ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome, regulates the expression of Meiotic Recombination 11 Homolog A (MRE11A), a critical component of the MRN complex and DNA damage repair pathways. Initially, immunohistochemistry analysis was conducted in specimens from patients with ESCC (n = 120). In endoscopic core ESCC biopsies taken from 61 patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) (5‐fluorouracil and cisplatin), low MRE11A and high UBQLN4 protein levels were associated with reduced pathological response to NAC (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariable analysis of surgically resected ESCC tissues from 59 patients revealed low MRE11A and high UBLQN4 expression as independent factors that can predict shorter overall survival [P = 0.01, hazard ratio (HR) = 5.11, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45–18.03; P = 0.02, HR = 3.74, 95% CI, 1.19–11.76, respectively]. Suppression of MRE11A expression was associated with cisplatin resistance in ESCC cell lines. Additionally, MRE11A was found to be ubiquitinated after cisplatin treatment. We observed an amplification of UBQLN4 gene copy numbers and an increase in UBQLN4 protein levels in ESCC tissues. Binding of UBQLN4 to ubiquitinated‐MRE11A increased MRE11A degradation, thereby regulating MRE11A protein levels following DNA damage and promoting cisplatin resistance. In summary, MRE11A and UBQLN4 protein levels can serve as predictors for NAC response and as prognostic markers in ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Murakami
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Nishi
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shu-Ching Chang
- Medical Data Research Center Providence Health and Services at Providence Saint Joseph's Health, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Ron D Jachimowicz
- Clinic I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Ageing-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Sojun Hoshimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Shigeshi Ono
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Yosef Shiloh
- David and Inez Myers Laboratory for Cancer Genetics, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hiroya Takeuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Dave S B Hoon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Matias A Bustos
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, Division of Molecular Oncology, Saint John's Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
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9
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Wang S, Tatman M, Monteiro MJ. Overexpression of UBQLN1 reduces neuropathology in the P497S UBQLN2 mouse model of ALS/FTD. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:164. [PMID: 33028421 PMCID: PMC7539388 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Missense mutations in UBQLN2 cause X-linked dominant inheritance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). UBQLN2 belongs to a family of four highly homologous proteins expressed in humans that play diverse roles in maintaining proteostasis, but whether one isoform can substitute for another is not known. Here, we tested whether overexpression of UBQLN1 can alleviate disease in the P497S UBQLN2 mouse model of ALS/FTD by crossing transgenic (Tg) mouse lines expressing the two proteins and characterizing the resulting genotypes using a battery of pathologic and behavioral tests. The pathologic findings revealed UBQLN1 overexpression dramatically reduced the burden of UBQLN2 inclusions, neuronal loss and disturbances in proteostasis in double Tg mice compared to single P497S Tg mice. The beneficial effects of UBQLN1 overexpression were primarily confirmed by behavioral improvements seen in rotarod performance and grip strength in male, but not female mice. Paradoxically, although UBQLN1 overexpression reduced pathologic signatures of disease in P497S Tg mice, female mice had larger percentage of body weight loss than males, and this correlated with a corresponding lack of behavioral improvements in the females. These findings lead us to speculate that methods to upregulate UBQLN1 expression may reduce pathogenicity caused by UBQLN2 mutations, but may also lead to gender-specific outcomes that will have to be carefully weighed with the therapeutic benefits of UBQLN1 upregulation.
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10
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Tejwani L, Lim J. Pathogenic mechanisms underlying spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4015-4029. [PMID: 32306062 PMCID: PMC7541529 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The family of hereditary cerebellar ataxias is a large group of disorders with heterogenous clinical manifestations and genetic etiologies. Among these, over 30 autosomal dominantly inherited subtypes have been identified, collectively referred to as the spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs). Generally, the SCAs are characterized by a progressive gait impairment with classical cerebellar features, and in a subset of SCAs, accompanied by extra-cerebellar features. Beyond the common gait impairment and cerebellar atrophy, the wide range of additional clinical features observed across the SCAs is likely explained by the diverse set of mutated genes that encode proteins with seemingly disparate functional roles in nervous system biology. By synthesizing knowledge obtained from studies of the various SCAs over the past several decades, convergence onto a few key cellular changes, namely ion channel dysfunction and transcriptional dysregulation, has become apparent and may represent central mechanisms of cerebellar disease pathogenesis. This review will detail our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the SCAs, focusing primarily on the first described autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, SCA1, as well as the emerging common core mechanisms across the various SCAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Tejwani
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Janghoo Lim
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, 295 Congress Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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11
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Niewiadomska-Cimicka A, Hache A, Trottier Y. Gene Deregulation and Underlying Mechanisms in Spinocerebellar Ataxias With Polyglutamine Expansion. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:571. [PMID: 32581696 PMCID: PMC7296114 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine spinocerebellar ataxias (polyQ SCAs) include SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA7, and SCA17 and constitute a group of adult onset neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of a CAG repeat sequence located within the coding region of specific genes, which translates into polyglutamine tract in the corresponding proteins. PolyQ SCAs are characterized by degeneration of the cerebellum and its associated structures and lead to progressive ataxia and other diverse symptoms. In recent years, gene and epigenetic deregulations have been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of polyQ SCAs. Here, we provide an overview of the functions of wild type and pathogenic polyQ SCA proteins in gene regulation, describe the extent and nature of gene expression changes and their pathological consequences in diseases, and discuss potential avenues to further investigate converging and distinct disease pathways and to develop therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Niewiadomska-Cimicka
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antoine Hache
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yvon Trottier
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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12
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Volovikov EA, Davidenko AV, Lagarkova MA. Molecular Mechanisms of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 1. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542002012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Rocha S, Vieira J, Vázquez N, López-Fernández H, Fdez-Riverola F, Reboiro-Jato M, Sousa AD, Vieira CP. ATXN1 N-terminal region explains the binding differences of wild-type and expanded forms. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:145. [PMID: 31655597 PMCID: PMC6814966 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Wild-type (wt) polyglutamine (polyQ) regions are implicated in stabilization of protein-protein interactions (PPI). Pathological polyQ expansion, such as that in human Ataxin-1 (ATXN1), that causes spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), results in abnormal PPI. For ATXN1 a larger number of interactors has been reported for the expanded (82Q) than the wt (29Q) protein. Methods To understand how the expanded polyQ affects PPI, protein structures were predicted for wt and expanded ATXN1, as well as, for 71 ATXN1 interactors. Then, the binding surfaces of wt and expanded ATXN1 with the reported interactors were inferred. Results Our data supports that the polyQ expansion alters the ATXN1 conformation and that it enhances the strength of interaction with ATXN1 partners. For both ATXN1 variants, the number of residues at the predicted binding interface are greater after the polyQ, mainly due to the AXH domain. Moreover, the difference in the interaction strength of the ATXN1 variants was due to an increase in the number of interactions at the N-terminal region, before the polyQ, for the expanded form. Conclusions There are three regions at the AXH domain that are essential for ATXN1 PPI. The N-terminal region is responsible for the strength of the PPI with the ATXN1 variants. How the predicted motifs in this region affect PPI is discussed, in the context of ATXN1 post-transcriptional modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rocha
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Vieira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Noé Vázquez
- ESEI - Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Vigo, Spain.,SING Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Hugo López-Fernández
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,ESEI - Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Vigo, Spain.,SING Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Florentino Fdez-Riverola
- ESEI - Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Vigo, Spain.,SING Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel Reboiro-Jato
- ESEI - Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Informática, Edificio Politécnico, Campus Universitario As Lagoas s/n, Universidad de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.,Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (Centro Singular de Investigación de Galicia), Vigo, Spain.,SING Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur). SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - André D Sousa
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina P Vieira
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
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14
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Wan L, Xu K, Chen Z, Tang B, Jiang H. Roles of Post-translational Modifications in Spinocerebellar Ataxias. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:290. [PMID: 30283301 PMCID: PMC6156280 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, etc., of proteins can modulate protein properties such as intracellular distribution, activity, stability, aggregation, and interactions. Therefore, PTMs are vital regulatory mechanisms for multiple cellular processes. Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are hereditary, heterogeneous, neurodegenerative diseases for which the primary manifestation involves ataxia. Because the pathogenesis of most SCAs is correlated with mutant proteins directly or indirectly, the PTMs of disease-related proteins might functionally affect SCA development and represent potential therapeutic interventions. Here, we review multiple PTMs related to disease-causing proteins in SCAs pathogenesis and their effects. Furthermore, we discuss these PTMs as potential targets for treating SCAs and describe translational therapies targeting PTMs that have been published.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Keqin Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Parkinson’s Disease Center of Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Neurology, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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15
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Huang S, Li Y, Yuan X, Zhao M, Wang J, Li Y, Li Y, Lin H, Zhang Q, Wang W, Li D, Dong X, Li L, Liu M, Huang W, Huang C. The UbL-UBA Ubiquilin4 protein functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by p53-dependent and p53-independent regulation of p21. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:516-530. [PMID: 29899380 PMCID: PMC6370890 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilin4 (Ubqln4), a member of the UbL-UBA protein family, serves as an adaptor in the degradation of specific substrates via the proteasomal pathway. However, the biological function of Ubqln4 remains largely unknown, especially in cancer. Here, we reported that Ubqln4 was downregulated in gastric cancer tissues and functioned as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. Overexpression of Ubqln4-induced cellular senescence and G1-S cell cycle arrest in gastric cancer cells and activated the p53/p21 axis. Moreover, Ubqln4 regulated p21 through both p53-dependent and p53-independent manners. Ubqln4 interacted with RNF114, an E3 ubiquitin ligase of p21, and negatively regulated its expression level, which in turn stabilized p21 by attenuating proteasomal degradation of p21. These effects of Ubqln4 were partly abrogated in gastric cancer cells upon silencing of p21. Our findings not only establish the anti-tumor potential of Ubqln4 in gastric cancer but also reveal a role for Ubqln4 in regulation of the cell cycle and cellular senescence via stabilizing p21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Yuan
- Department of Abdomen Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Meitan General Hospital, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - You Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Fujian, China.,Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.,Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Developmental Biology, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Lanfen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, 361005, Fujian, China.
| | - Weiyan Huang
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Changzhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China. .,Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Prevention, 100021, Beijing, China.
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16
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Nguyen K, Puthenveetil R, Vinogradova O. Investigation of the adaptor protein PLIC-2 in multiple pathways. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 9:341-348. [PMID: 28286874 PMCID: PMC5341616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PLIC, Protein Linking IAP (CD47) to Cytoskeleton, have long since been implicated in connecting the extracellular membrane to the intracellular cell cytoskeleton. This phenomenon is supposedly achieved by bridging a receptor protein CD47 to vimentin, an intermediate filament, which in turn regulates integrin dependent cell spreading. Since the discovery of these proteins, the molecular details of the above-mentioned interactions and the underlying complexes are yet to be characterized. Several independent studies have together emphasized PLIC/Ubiquilin's role in the proteasomal degradation pathway. This seems to be in contrast to the purported initial discovery of PLIC as a cytoskeletal adaptor protein. In an effort to reconcile the different roles associated with the ubiquitous PLIC proteins, we tested the involvement of PLIC-2 both in the proteasomal degradation pathway and as a protein linking the cell cytoskeleton to the cytoplasmic tail of CD47. This was achieved thorough an in vitro investigation of their binding interface using a combination of biophysical techniques. Our results show that the two terminal domains of PLIC-2 interact weakly with each other, while the C-terminal UBA domain interacts strongly with ubiquitin. Interestingly, no perceptible interaction was observed for PLIC-2 with the cytoplasmic tail of CD47 questioning its role as a "PLIC" protein linking the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khiem Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Robbins Puthenveetil
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, CLAS, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Olga Vinogradova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut at Storrs, Storrs, CT 06269
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17
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Sánchez I, Balagué E, Matilla-Dueñas A. Ataxin-1 regulates the cerebellar bioenergetics proteome through the GSK3β-mTOR pathway which is altered in Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4021-4040. [PMID: 27466200 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyglutamine expansion within the ataxin-1 protein (ATXN1) underlies spinocerebellar ataxia type-1 (SCA1), a neurological disorder mainly characterized by ataxia and cerebellar deficits. In SCA1, both loss and gain of ATXN1 biological functions contribute to cerebellar pathogenesis. However, the critical ATXN1 functions and pathways involved remain unclear. To further investigate the early signalling pathways regulated by ATXN1, we performed an unbiased proteomic study of the Atxn1-KO 5-week-old mice cerebellum. Here, we show that lack of ATXN1 expression induces early alterations in proteins involved in glycolysis [pyruvate kinase, muscle, isoform 1 protein (PKM-i1), citrate synthase (CS), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 (GPD2), glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), alpha -: enolase (ENO1)], ATP synthesis [CS, Succinate dehydrogenase complex,subunit A (SDHA), ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial (ATP5H)] and oxidative stress [peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6), aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase]. In the SCA1 mice, several of these proteins (PKM-i1, ATP5H, PRDX6, proteome subunit A6) were down-regulated and ATP levels decreased. The underlying mechanism does not involve modulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, but dysregulation of the activity of the metabolic regulators glycogen synthase kinase 3B (GSK3β), decreased in Atxn1-KO and increased in SCA1 mice, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) (mTOR), unchanged in the Atxn1-KO and decreased in SCA1 mice cerebellum before the onset of ataxic symptoms. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3β and activation of mTOR in a SCA1 cell model ameliorated identified ATXN1-regulated metabolic proteome and ATP alterations. Taken together, these results point to an early role of ATXN1 in the regulation of bioenergetics homeostasis in the mouse cerebellum. Moreover, data suggest GSK3β and mTOR pathways modulate this ATXN1 function in SCA1 pathogenesis that could be targeted therapeutically prior to the onset of disease symptoms in SCA1 and other pathologies involving dysregulation of ATXN1 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivelisse Sánchez
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Crta. de Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eudald Balagué
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Crta. de Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Matilla-Dueñas
- Functional and Translational Neurogenetics Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP)-Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Crta. de Can Ruti, camí de les escoles s/n, 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Kohiyama MF, Lagalwar S. Stabilization and Degradation Mechanisms of Cytoplasmic Ataxin-1. J Exp Neurosci 2016; 9:123-9. [PMID: 27168726 PMCID: PMC4859447 DOI: 10.4137/jen.s25469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation-prone proteins in neurodegenerative disease disrupt cellular protein stabilization and degradation pathways. The neurodegenerative disease spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is caused by a coding polyglutamine expansion in the Ataxin-1 gene (ATXN1), which gives rise to the aggregation-prone mutant form of ATXN1 protein. Cerebellar Purkinje neurons, preferentially vulnerable in SCA1, produce ATXN1 protein in both cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. Cytoplasmic stabilization of ATXN1 by phosphorylation and 14-3-3-mediated mechanisms ultimately drive translocation of the protein to the nucleus where aggregation may occur. However, experimental inhibition of phosphorylation and 14-3-3 binding results in rapid degradation of ATXN1, thus preventing nuclear translocation and cellular toxicity. The exact mechanism of cytoplasmic ATXN1 degradation is currently unknown; further investigation of degradation may provide future therapeutic targets. This review examines the present understanding of cytoplasmic ATXN1 stabilization and potential degradation mechanisms during normal and pathogenic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi F Kohiyama
- B.A., Skidmore College Neuroscience Program, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Sarita Lagalwar
- Assistant Professor of Neuroscience, Williamson Chair in Neuroscience, Skidmore College Neuroscience Program, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
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19
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Coffey RT, Shi Y, Long MJC, Marr MT, Hedstrom L. Ubiquilin-mediated Small Molecule Inhibition of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:5221-33. [PMID: 26740621 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cellular metabolism, growth, and proliferation. mTORC1 has been implicated in many diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurodegeneration, and is a target to prolong lifespan. Here we report a small molecule inhibitor (Cbz-B3A) of mTORC1 signaling. Cbz-B3A inhibits the phosphorylation of eIF4E-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and blocks 68% of translation. In contrast, rapamycin preferentially inhibits the phosphorylation of p70(S6k) and blocks 35% of translation. Cbz-B3A does not appear to bind directly to mTORC1, but instead binds to ubiquilins 1, 2, and 4. Knockdown of ubiquilin 2, but not ubiquilins 1 and 4, decreases the phosphorylation of 4EBP1, suggesting that ubiquilin 2 activates mTORC1. The knockdown of ubiquilins 2 and 4 decreases the effect of Cbz-B3A on 4EBP1 phosphorylation. Cbz-B3A slows cellular growth of some human leukemia cell lines, but is not cytotoxic. Thus Cbz-B3A exemplifies a novel strategy to inhibit mTORC1 signaling that might be exploited for treating many human diseases. We propose that Cbz-B3A reveals a previously unappreciated regulatory pathway coordinating cytosolic protein quality control and mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory T Coffey
- From the Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, MS008
| | - Yuntao Shi
- the Graduate Program in Chemistry, MS015
| | | | - Michael T Marr
- the Department of Biology, MS009 and Rosenstiel Basic Medical Sciences Research Center, MS029, and
| | - Lizbeth Hedstrom
- the Department of Biology, MS009 and the Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453-9110
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20
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Hori H, Sasayama D, Teraishi T, Yamamoto N, Nakamura S, Ota M, Hattori K, Kim Y, Higuchi T, Kunugi H. Blood-based gene expression signatures of medication-free outpatients with major depressive disorder: integrative genome-wide and candidate gene analyses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18776. [PMID: 26728011 PMCID: PMC4700430 DOI: 10.1038/srep18776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several microarray-based studies have investigated gene expression profiles in major depressive disorder (MDD), yet with highly variable findings. We examined blood-based genome-wide expression signatures of MDD, focusing on molecular pathways and networks underlying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and behaviours of hypothesis-driven, evidence-based candidate genes for depression. Agilent human whole-genome arrays were used to measure gene expression in 14 medication-free outpatients with MDD who were at least moderately ill and 14 healthy controls matched pairwise for age and sex. After filtering, we compared expression of entire probes between patients and controls and identified DEGs. The DEGs were evaluated by pathway and network analyses. For the candidate gene analysis, we utilized 169 previously prioritized genes and examined their case-control separation efficiency and correlational co-expression network in patients relative to controls. The 317 screened DEGs mapped to a significantly over-represented pathway, the "synaptic transmission" pathway. The protein-protein interaction network was also significantly enriched, in which a number of key molecules for depression were included. The co-expression network of candidate genes was markedly disrupted in patients. This study provided evidence for an altered molecular network along with several key molecules in MDD and confirmed that the candidate genes are worthwhile targets for depression research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Toshiya Teraishi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamamoto
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | | | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Kim
- Department of Adult Mental Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8553, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Higuchi
- National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
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21
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Safren N, Chang L, Dziki KM, Monteiro MJ. Signature changes in ubiquilin expression in the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease. Brain Res 2015; 1597:37-46. [PMID: 25511991 PMCID: PMC4340744 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquilin proteins have been implicated in the cause and the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. In the R6/2 mouse model of Huntington's disease (HD), ubiquilin levels decline during disease progression. Restoration of their levels by transgenic expression of ubiquilin-1 extends survival. Here we provide a comprehensive assessment of the expression and localization of all four ubiquilin proteins in both normal and R6/2-affected mice brains, using antibodies specific for each protein. Ubiquilin-1, 2 and 4 proteins were detected throughout the brain, with increased expression seen in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Ubiquilin-3 expression was not detected. All three ubiquilins expressed in the brain were found in Htt inclusions. Their expression changed during development and disease. Ubiquilin-1 and ubiquilin-2 protein levels decreased from 6 to 18 weeks of mouse development, independent of disease. Ubiquilin-1 and ubiquilin-4 protein levels also changed during HD disease progression. Ubiquilin-4 proteins that are normally expressed in the brain were lost and instead replaced by a novel 115 kDa higher molecular weight immunoreactive band. Taken together, our results demonstrate that all ubiquilin proteins are involved in HD pathology and that distinct changes in the signature of ubiquilin-4 expression could be useful for monitoring end-stage of HD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Safren
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Lydia Chang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Kristina M Dziki
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Mervyn J Monteiro
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States.
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22
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Didonna A, Opal P. The promise and perils of HDAC inhibitors in neurodegeneration. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 2:79-101. [PMID: 25642438 PMCID: PMC4301678 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) represent emerging therapeutic targets in the context of neurodegeneration. Indeed, pharmacologic inhibition of HDACs activity in the nervous system has shown beneficial effects in several preclinical models of neurological disorders. However, the translation of such therapeutic approach to clinics has been only marginally successful, mainly due to our still limited knowledge about HDACs physiological role particularly in neurons. Here, we review the potential benefits along with the risks of targeting HDACs in light of what we currently know about HDAC activity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Didonna
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco San Francisco, California, 94158
| | - Puneet Opal
- Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois, 60611 ; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois, 60611
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23
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From pathways to targets: understanding the mechanisms behind polyglutamine disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:701758. [PMID: 25309920 PMCID: PMC4189765 DOI: 10.1155/2014/701758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The history of polyglutamine diseases dates back approximately 20 years to the discovery of a polyglutamine repeat in the androgen receptor of SBMA followed by the identification of similar expansion mutations in Huntington's disease, SCA1, DRPLA, and the other spinocerebellar ataxias. This common molecular feature of polyglutamine diseases suggests shared mechanisms in disease pathology and neurodegeneration of disease specific brain regions. In this review, we discuss the main pathogenic pathways including proteolytic processing, nuclear shuttling and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and clearance of misfolded polyglutamine proteins and point out possible targets for treatment.
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24
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Beyond the glutamine expansion: influence of posttranslational modifications of ataxin-1 in the pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:866-874. [PMID: 24752589 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are crucial mechanisms that modulate various cellular signaling pathways, and their dysregulation is associated with many human diseases. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive ataxia, mild cognitive impairments, difficulty with speaking and swallowing, and respiratory failure. It is caused by the expansion of an unstable CAG trinucleotide repeat encoding a glutamine tract in Ataxin-1 (ATXN1). Although the expansion of the polyglutamine tract is the key determinant of the disease, protein domains outside of the polyglutamine tract and posttranslational modifications of ATXN1 significantly alter the neurotoxicity of SCA1. ATXN1 undergoes several posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, and transglutamination. Such modifications can alter the stability of ATXN1 or its activity in the regulation of target gene expression and therefore contribute to SCA1 toxicity. This review outlines different types of posttranslational modifications in ATXN1 and discusses their potential regulatory mechanisms and effects on SCA1 pathogenesis. Finally, the manipulation of posttranslational modifications as a potential therapeutic approach will be discussed.
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25
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The ubiquilin gene family: evolutionary patterns and functional insights. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:63. [PMID: 24674348 PMCID: PMC4230246 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-14-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ubiquilins are proteins that function as ubiquitin receptors in eukaryotes. Mutations in two ubiquilin-encoding genes have been linked to the genesis of neurodegenerative diseases. However, ubiquilin functions are still poorly understood. Results In this study, evolutionary and functional data are combined to determine the origin and diversification of the ubiquilin gene family and to characterize novel potential roles of ubiquilins in mammalian species, including humans. The analysis of more than six hundred sequences allowed characterizing ubiquilin diversity in all the main eukaryotic groups. Many organisms (e. g. fungi, many animals) have single ubiquilin genes, but duplications in animal, plant, alveolate and excavate species are described. Seven different ubiquilins have been detected in vertebrates. Two of them, here called UBQLN5 and UBQLN6, had not been hitherto described. Significantly, marsupial and eutherian mammals have the most complex ubiquilin gene families, composed of up to 6 genes. This exceptional mammalian-specific expansion is the result of the recent emergence of four new genes, three of them (UBQLN3, UBQLN5 and UBQLNL) with precise testis-specific expression patterns that indicate roles in the postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis. A gene with related features has independently arisen in species of the Drosophila genus. Positive selection acting on some mammalian ubiquilins has been detected. Conclusions The ubiquilin gene family is highly conserved in eukaryotes. The infrequent lineage-specific amplifications observed may be linked to the emergence of novel functions in particular tissues.
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26
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Unbiased screen reveals ubiquilin-1 and -2 highly associated with huntingtin inclusions. Brain Res 2013; 1524:62-73. [PMID: 23774650 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently mutations in ubiquilin-2 were identified in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ALS/dementia providing direct evidence for the importance of this protein in neurodegenerative diseases. Histological studies have suggested that ubiquilin-1/-2 are associated with various pathological inclusions including Lewy bodies in Parkinson's disease, neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, polyQ inclusions in expansion repeat diseases and various proteinopathies associated with ALS and frontotemporal dementia. Using specific ubiquilin-2 antibodies and a series of transgenic mouse models of proteinopathies associated with neurodegenerative disease, we show that ubiquilin-2 preferentially associates with huntingtin polyQ expansion aggregates compared to α-synuclein, tau and several other types of protein inclusions. These results were confirmed by similar findings for ubiquilin-1 and -2 in human brain tissue sections, where accumulation was observed in huntingtin inclusions, but only infrequently in other types of protein inclusions. In cultured cells, ubiquilin-2 associates with huntingtin/polyQ aggregates, but this is not compromised by disease-causing mutations. Although ubiquilin proteins can function as chaperones to shuttle proteins for degradation, there is persistent co-localization between ubiquilin-2 and polyQ aggregated proteins during disease progression in the N586-82Q-C63 Huntington's disease mouse model. Thus, the co-localization of ubiquilin-2 with the huntingtin aggregates does not appear to facilitate aggregate removal.
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27
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Yun Lee D, Arnott D, Brown EJ. Ubiquilin4 is an adaptor protein that recruits Ubiquilin1 to the autophagy machinery. EMBO Rep 2013; 14:373-81. [PMID: 23459205 PMCID: PMC3615663 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2013.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquilins (Ubqlns)-a family of ubiquitin-binding proteins-are involved in several protein degradation pathways and have been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases. Ubqln1 regulates autophagosome maturation during autophagy-mediated degradation. We now show that Ubqln4 mediates the interaction between Ubqln1 and the autophagy machinery by recruiting Ubqln1 to LC3. This targeting of Ubqln1 to autophagosomes requires the Ubqln4 UBL domain and the Ubqln1 UBA domain. This study identifies a new role for Ubqln4, expanding the role for Ubqlns in protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Infectious Disease, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - David Arnott
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Eric J Brown
- Department of Infectious Disease, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
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28
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Liang D, Han G, Feng X, Sun J, Duan Y, Lei H. Concerted perturbation observed in a hub network in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40498. [PMID: 22815752 PMCID: PMC3398025 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the alteration of gene expression at the whole genome level. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of AD has been conducted by many groups on several relevant brain regions. However, identifying the most critical dys-regulated genes has been challenging. In this work, we addressed this issue by deriving critical genes from perturbed subnetworks. Using a recent microarray dataset on six brain regions, we applied a heaviest induced subgraph algorithm with a modular scoring function to reveal the significantly perturbed subnetwork in each brain region. These perturbed subnetworks were found to be significantly overlapped with each other. Furthermore, the hub genes from these perturbed subnetworks formed a connected hub network consisting of 136 genes. Comparison between AD and several related diseases demonstrated that the hub network was robustly and specifically perturbed in AD. In addition, strong correlation between the expression level of these hub genes and indicators of AD severity suggested that this hub network can partially reflect AD progression. More importantly, this hub network reflected the adaptation of neurons to the AD-specific microenvironment through a variety of adjustments, including reduction of neuronal and synaptic activities and alteration of survival signaling. Therefore, it is potentially useful for the development of biomarkers and network medicine for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Liang
- CAS key laboratory of genome sciences and information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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29
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Hands SL, Wyttenbach A. Neurotoxic protein oligomerisation associated with polyglutamine diseases. Acta Neuropathol 2010; 120:419-37. [PMID: 20514488 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-010-0703-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2010] [Revised: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are associated with a CAG/polyQ expansion mutation in unrelated proteins. Upon elongation of the glutamine tract, disease proteins aggregate within cells, mainly in the central nervous system (CNS) and this aggregation process is associated with neurotoxicity. However, it remains unclear to what extent and how this aggregation causes neuronal dysfunction in the CNS. Aiming at preventing neuronal dysfunction, it will be crucial to determine the links between aggregation and cellular dysfunction, understand the folding pathway of polyQ proteins and discover the relative neurotoxicity of polyQ protein species formed along the aggregation pathway. Here, we review what is known about conformations of polyQ peptides and proteins in their monomeric state from experimental and modelling data, how conformational changes of polyQ proteins relate to their oligomerisation and morphology of aggregates and which cellular function are impaired by oligomers, in vitro and in vivo. We also summarise the key modulatory cellular mechanisms and co-factors, which could affect the folding pathway and kinetics of polyQ aggregation. Although many studies have investigated the relationship between polyQ aggregation and toxicity, these have mainly focussed on investigating changes in the formation of the classical hallmark of polyQ diseases, i.e. microscopically visible inclusion bodies. However, recent studies in which oligomeric species have been considered start to shed light on the identity of neurotoxic oligomeric species. Initial evidence suggests that conformational changes induced by polyQ expansions and their surrounding sequence lead to the formation of particular oligomeric intermediates that may differentially affect neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Hands
- Southampton Neuroscience Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 7PX, UK
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30
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Woznik M, Rödner C, Lemon K, Rima B, Mankertz A, Finsterbusch T. Mumps virus small hydrophobic protein targets ataxin-1 ubiquitin-like interacting protein (ubiquilin 4). J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2773-81. [PMID: 20702650 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.024638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The small hydrophobic (SH) protein of mumps virus has been reported to interfere with innate immunity by inhibiting tumour necrosis factor alpha-mediated apoptosis. In a yeast two-hybrid screen we have identified the ataxin-1 ubiquitin-like interacting protein (A1Up) as a cellular target of the SH protein. A1Up contains an amino-terminal ubiquitin-like (UbL) domain, a carboxy-terminal ubiquitin-associated (UbA) domain and two stress-inducible heat shock chaperonin-binding (Sti1) motifs. This places it within the ubiquitin-like protein family that is involved in proteasome-mediated activities. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the binding of SH and A1Up and demonstrates that a truncated protein fragment corresponding to aa 136-270 of A1Up, which represents the first Sti1-like repeat and an adjacent hydrophobic region, was sufficient for interaction, whereas neither the UbL nor the UbA domains were required for interaction. The ectopic expression of A1Up leads to a redistribution of SH to punctate structures that co-localize with the 20S proteasome in transfected or infected mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Woznik
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, FU-Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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31
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Persengiev S, Kondova I, Otting N, Koeppen AH, Bontrop RE. Genome-wide analysis of miRNA expression reveals a potential role for miR-144 in brain aging and spinocerebellar ataxia pathogenesis. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 32:2316.e17-27. [PMID: 20451302 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative pathologies associated with aging exhibit clinical and morphological features that are relatively specific to humans. To gain insights into the evolution of the regulatory mechanisms of the aged brain, we compared age-related differences in microRNA (miRNA) expression levels in the cortex and cerebellum of humans, chimpanzees and rhesus macaques on a genome-wide scale. In contrast to global miRNA downregulation, a small subset of miRNAs was found to be selectively upregulated in the aging brain of all 3 species. Notably, miR-144 that is highly conserved appeared to be associated with the aging progression. Moreover, miR-144 plays a central role in regulating the expression of ataxin 1 (ATXN1), the disease-causing gene for the development spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1). miRNA activity, including miR-144, -101 and -130 processing, was increased in the cerebellum and cortex of SCA1 and Alzheimer patients relative to healthy aged brains. Importantly, miR-144 and -101 inhibition increased ATXN1 levels in human cells. Thus, the activation of miRNA expression in the aging brain may serve to reduce the cytotoxic effect of polyglutamine expanded ATXN1 and the deregulation of miRNA expression may be a risk factor for disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Persengiev
- Department of Comparative Genetics and Refinement, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswijk, The Netherlands.
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32
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Kim BY, Cao LH, Park H, Jeong S. Reciprocal regulation of gene expression by Ephedra herba
in mouse brain. Phytother Res 2010; 24:531-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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33
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Kieken F, Spagnol G, Su V, Lau AF, Sorgen PL. NMR structure note: UBA domain of CIP75. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR 2010; 46:245-50. [PMID: 20127391 PMCID: PMC2877510 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-010-9397-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Kieken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Gaëlle Spagnol
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Vivian Su
- Natural Products and Cancer Biology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Alan F. Lau
- Natural Products and Cancer Biology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Paul L. Sorgen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Eppley Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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34
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Pirogova E, Vojisavljevic V, Cáceres JLH, Cosic I. Ataxin active site determination using spectral distribution of electron ion interaction potentials of amino acids. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48:303-9. [PMID: 20148312 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia is a genetic neurological disorder characterised by a neurodegenerative process affecting a motor cortex responsible for balance and coordination. Recently several genes that cause autosomal dominant ataxia development were identified. These abnormal genes share a common ability to produce abnormal ataxin proteins that can affect nerve cells in the cerebellum and spinal cord. Here, using the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM) based on signal processing, we analysed ataxin proteins and identified the characteristic features corresponding to their biological activities. The RRM is a physico-mathematical model developed for analysis of protein interactions. By incorporating Smoothed Pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution (SPWV) in the RRM, we can define the active regions along the protein molecule. The results showed that our computational predictions correspond closely with the experimentally identified locations of the active/binding sites for ataxin-1 and ataxin-3 protein groups. The results obtained provide a valuable insight into the functional performance of ataxin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Pirogova
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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35
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Ubiquitin-like and ubiquitin-associated domain proteins: significance in proteasomal degradation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2819-33. [PMID: 19468686 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation is one of the major mechanisms that are involved in the maintenance of the proper levels of cellular proteins. The regulation of proteasomal degradation thus ensures proper cell functions. The family of proteins containing ubiquitin-like (UbL) and ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domains has been implicated in proteasomal degradation. UbL-UBA domain containing proteins associate with substrates destined for degradation as well as with subunits of the proteasome, thus regulating the proper turnover of proteins.
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36
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Kim SH, Shi Y, Hanson KA, Williams LM, Sakasai R, Bowler MJ, Tibbetts RS. Potentiation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated TDP-43 aggregation by the proteasome-targeting factor, ubiquilin 1. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:8083-92. [PMID: 19112176 PMCID: PMC2658102 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m808064200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Revised: 12/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TDP-43 (43-kDa TAR DNA-binding domain protein) is a major constituent of ubiquitin-positive cytoplasmic aggregates present in neurons of patients with fronto-temporal lobular dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The pathologic significance of TDP-43 aggregation is not known; however, dominant mutations in TDP-43 cause a subset of ALS cases, suggesting that misfolding and/or altered trafficking of TDP-43 is relevant to the disease process. Here, we show that the presenilin-binding protein ubiquilin 1 (UBQLN) plays a role in TDP-43 aggregation. TDP-43 interacted with UBQLN both in yeast and in vitro, and the carboxyl-terminal ubiquitin-associated domain of UBQLN was both necessary and sufficient for binding to polyubiquitylated forms of TDP-43. Overexpression of UBQLN recruited TDP-43 to detergent-resistant cytoplasmic aggregates that colocalized with the autophagosomal marker, LC3. UBQLN-dependent aggregation required the UBQLN UBA domain, was mediated by non-overlapping regions of TDP-43, and was abrogated by a mutation in UBQLN previously linked to Alzheimer disease. Four ALS-associated alleles of TDP-43 also coaggregated with UBQLN, and the extent of aggregation correlated with in vitro UBQLN binding affinity. Our findings suggest that UBQLN is a polyubiquitin-TDP-43 cochaperone that mediates the autophagosomal delivery and/or proteasome targeting of TDP-43 aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hwa Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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37
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Grabbe C, Dikic I. Functional Roles of Ubiquitin-Like Domain (ULD) and Ubiquitin-Binding Domain (UBD) Containing Proteins. Chem Rev 2009; 109:1481-94. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800413p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grabbe
- Institute of Biochemistry II and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany, Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia, and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II and Cluster of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt (Main), Germany, Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia, and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanska 2, 21 000 Split, Croatia
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38
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Role of X11 and ubiquilin as in vivo regulators of the amyloid precursor protein in Drosophila. PLoS One 2008; 3:e2495. [PMID: 18575606 PMCID: PMC2429963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) undergoes sequential proteolytic cleavages through the action of β- and γ-secretase, which result in the generation of toxic β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and a C-terminal fragment consisting of the intracellular domain of APP (AICD). Mutations leading to increased APP levels or alterations in APP cleavage cause familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thus, identification of factors that regulate APP steady state levels and/or APP cleavage by γ-secretase is likely to provide insight into AD pathogenesis. Here, using transgenic flies that act as reporters for endogenous γ-secretase activity and/or APP levels (GAMAREP), and for the APP intracellular domain (AICDREP), we identified mutations in X11L and ubiquilin (ubqn) as genetic modifiers of APP. Human homologs of both X11L (X11/Mint) and Ubqn (UBQLN1) have been implicated in AD pathogenesis. In contrast to previous reports, we show that overexpression of X11L or human X11 does not alter γ-secretase cleavage of APP or Notch, another γ-secretase substrate. Instead, expression of either X11L or human X11 regulates APP at the level of the AICD, and this activity requires the phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain of X11. In contrast, Ubqn regulates the levels of APP: loss of ubqn function leads to a decrease in the steady state levels of APP, while increased ubqn expression results in an increase in APP levels. Ubqn physically binds to APP, an interaction that depends on its ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain, suggesting that direct physical interactions may underlie Ubqn-dependent regulation of APP. Together, our studies identify X11L and Ubqn as in vivo regulators of APP. Since increased expression of X11 attenuates Aβ production and/or secretion in APP transgenic mice, but does not act on γ-secretase directly, X11 may represent an attractive therapeutic target for AD.
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39
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Polyglutamine gene function and dysfunction in the ageing brain. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2008; 1779:507-21. [PMID: 18582603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2007] [Revised: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated regulation of gene expression and protein interactions determines how mammalian nervous systems develop and retain function and plasticity over extended periods of time such as a human life span. By studying mutations that occur in a group of genes associated with chronic neurodegeneration, the polyglutamine (polyQ) disorders, it has emerged that CAG/glutamine stretches play important roles in transcriptional regulation and protein-protein interactions. However, it is still unclear what the many structural and functional roles of CAG and other low-complexity sequences in eukaryotic genomes are, despite being the most commonly shared peptide fragments in such proteomes. In this review we examine the function of genes responsible for at least 10 polyglutamine disorders in relation to the nervous system and how expansion mutations lead to neuronal dysfunction, by particularly focusing on Huntington's disease (HD). We argue that the molecular and cellular pathways that turn out to be dysfunctional during such diseases, as a consequence of a CAG expansion, are also involved in the ageing of the central nervous system. These are pathways that control protein degradation systems (including molecular chaperones), axonal transport, redox-homeostasis and bioenergetics. CAG expansion mutations confer novel properties on proteins that lead to a slow-progressing neuronal pathology and cell death similar to that found in other age-related conditions such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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40
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Matilla-Dueñas A, Goold R, Giunti P. Clinical, genetic, molecular, and pathophysiological insights into spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. THE CEREBELLUM 2008; 7:106-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s12311-008-0009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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N'Diaye EN, Hanyaloglu AC, Kajihara KK, Puthenveedu MA, Wu P, von Zastrow M, Brown EJ. The ubiquitin-like protein PLIC-2 is a negative regulator of G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell 2008; 19:1252-60. [PMID: 18199683 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e07-08-0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of many signaling receptors is regulated by their endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits (CCPs). For G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), recruitment of the adaptor protein arrestin to activated receptors is thought to be sufficient to drive GPCR clustering in CCPs and subsequent endocytosis. We have identified an unprecedented role for the ubiquitin-like protein PLIC-2 as a negative regulator of GPCR endocytosis. Protein Linking IAP to Cytoskeleton (PLIC)-2 overexpression delayed ligand-induced endocytosis of two GPCRs: the V2 vasopressin receptor and beta-2 adrenergic receptor, without affecting endocytosis of the transferrin or epidermal growth factor receptor. The closely related isoform PLIC-1 did not affect receptor endocytosis. PLIC-2 specifically inhibited GPCR concentration in CCPs, without affecting membrane recruitment of arrestin-3 to activated receptors or its cellular levels. Depletion of cellular PLIC-2 accelerated GPCR endocytosis, confirming its regulatory function at endogenous levels. The ubiquitin-like domain of PLIC-2, a ligand for ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs), was required for endocytic inhibition. Interestingly, the UIM-containing endocytic adaptors epidermal growth factor receptor protein substrate 15 and Epsin exhibited preferential binding to PLIC-2 over PLIC-1. This differential interaction may underlie PLIC-2 specific effect on GPCR endocytosis. Identification of a negative regulator of GPCR clustering reveals a new function of ubiquitin-like proteins and highlights a cellular requirement for exquisite regulation of receptor dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa-Noah N'Diaye
- Macrophage Biology Laboratory, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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42
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Li X, Su V, Kurata WE, Jin C, Lau AF. A novel connexin43-interacting protein, CIP75, which belongs to the UbL-UBA protein family, regulates the turnover of connexin43. J Biol Chem 2007; 283:5748-59. [PMID: 18079109 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m709288200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of connexin43 (Cx43) has been reported to involve both lysosomal and proteasomal degradation pathways; however, very little is known about the mechanisms regulating these Cx43 degradation pathways. Using yeast two-hybrid, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation approaches, we have identified a novel Cx43-interacting protein of approximately 75 kDa, CIP75. Laser confocal microscopy showed that CIP75 is located primarily at the endoplasmic reticulum, as indicated by the calnexin marker, with Cx43 co-localization in this perinuclear region. CIP75 belongs to the UbL (ubiquitin-like)-UBA (ubiquitin-associated) domain-containing protein family with a N-terminal UbL domain and a C-terminal UBA domain. The UBA domain of CIP75 is the main element mediating the interaction with Cx43, whereas the CIP75-interacting region in Cx43 resides in the PY motif and multiphosphorylation sites located between Lys 264 and Asn 302. Interestingly, the UbL domain interacts with the S2/RPN1 and S5a/RPN10 protein subunits of the regulatory 19 S proteasome cap subunit of the 26 S proteasome complex. Overexpression experiments suggested that CIP75 is involved in the turnover of Cx43 as measured by a significant stimulation of Cx43 degradation and reduction in its half-life with the opposite effects on Cx43 degradation observed in small interference RNA knockdown experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Li
- Natural Products and Cancer Biology Program, Cancer Research Center of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813, USA
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43
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Davies JE, Sarkar S, Rubinsztein DC. The ubiquitin proteasome system in Huntington's disease and the spinocerebellar ataxias. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S2. [PMID: 18047739 PMCID: PMC2106366 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-8-s1-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease and several of the spinocerebellar ataxias are caused by the abnormal expansion of a CAG repeat within the coding region of the disease gene. This results in the production of a mutant protein with an abnormally expanded polyglutamine tract. Although these disorders have a clear monogenic cause, each polyglutamine expansion mutation is likely to cause the dysfunction of many pathways and processes within the cell. It has been proposed that the ubiquitin proteasome system is impaired in polyglutamine expansion disorders and that this contributes to pathology. However, this is controversial with some groups demonstrating decreased proteasome activity in polyglutamine expansion disorders, some showing no change in activity and others demonstrating an increase in proteasome activity. It remains unknown whether the ubiquitin proteasome system is a feasible therapeutic target in these disorders. Here we review the conflicting results obtained from different assays performed in a variety of different systems. Publication history: Republished from Current BioData's Targeted Proteins database (TPdb; ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Davies
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome/MRC Building, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2XY, UK
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44
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Madsen L, Schulze A, Seeger M, Hartmann-Petersen R. Ubiquitin domain proteins in disease. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S1. [PMID: 18047733 PMCID: PMC2106360 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-8-s1-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human genome encodes several ubiquitin-like (UBL) domain proteins (UDPs). Members of this protein family are involved in a variety of cellular functions and many are connected to the ubiquitin proteasome system, an essential pathway for protein degradation in eukaryotic cells. Despite their structural similarity, the UBL domains appear to have a range of different targets, resulting in a considerable diversity with respect to UDP function. Here, we give a short summary of the biochemical and physiological roles of the UDPs, which have been linked to human diseases including neurodegeneration and cancer. Publication history: Republished from Current BioData's Targeted Proteins database (TPdb; ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Madsen
- Insitute of Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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45
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Ganguly A, Feldman RR, Guo M. ubiquilin antagonizes presenilin and promotes neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 17:293-302. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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46
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Ford DL, Monteiro MJ. Studies of the role of ubiquitination in the interaction of ubiquilin with the loop and carboxyl terminal regions of presenilin-2. Biochemistry 2007; 46:8827-37. [PMID: 17614368 PMCID: PMC2547082 DOI: 10.1021/bi700604q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquilin was originally identified as a presenilin-interacting protein. We previously reported that ubiquilin interacts with both the loop and carboxyl terminus of presenilin proteins and that the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of ubiquilin, which binds poly ubiquitin chains, is important for mediating this interaction. In the present study, we examined whether ubiquitination of presenilin-2 (PS2) is required for interaction with ubiquilin-1 by mutating lysine residues that may be targets for ubiquitination in the presenilin loop and carboxyl terminus regions. Mutation of two lysine residues in the PS2-loop region suggested that ubiquitination is not required for interaction with ubiquilin-1 and may, in fact, even negatively regulate the interaction. Similarly, we found that ubiquitination of the PS2 carboxyl terminus (PS2-C-terminus) is not required for interaction with ubiquilin-1, although our results suggest that it could play some role. Instead, we found that the mutation of either one of the two lysine residues in the carboxyl terminus of PS2 or the proline residues in the highly conserved PALP motif in this region results in destabilization of the mutant PS2 polypeptides because of increased degradation by the proteasome. Furthermore, by GST-pull-down assays we found that the mutant polypeptides were unable to bind ubiquilin, suggesting that loss of ubiquilin interaction leads to destabilization of presenilin polypeptides. Paradoxically, however, knockdown of ubiquilin expression by RNA interference did not alter the rate of turnover of PS2 proteins in cells. Instead, we found that PS2 synthesis was reduced, and PS2 fragment production was increased, suggesting that ubiquilin expression modulates biogenesis and endoproteolysis of presenilin proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Ford
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Program in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Mervyn J. Monteiro
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Program in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
- Corresponding author: Mervyn J. Monteiro, Medical Biotechnology Center, Room N352, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, Tel: 410-706-8132, Fax: 410-706-8184,
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47
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Miller SLH, Scappini EL, O'Bryan J. Ubiquitin-interacting motifs inhibit aggregation of polyQ-expanded huntingtin. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:10096-10103. [PMID: 17276991 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611151200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts within proteins underlies a number of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington disease, Kennedy disease, and spinocerebellar ataxias. The resulting mutant proteins are unstable, forming insoluble aggregates that are associated with components of the ubiquitin system, including ubiquitin, ubiquitin-like proteins, and proteins that bind to ubiquitin. Given the presence of these ubiquitin-binding proteins in the insoluble aggregates, we examined whether heterologous expression of short motifs that bind ubiquitin, termed ubiquitin-interacting motifs (UIMs), altered the aggregation of polyQ-expanded huntingtin (Htt), the protein product of the Huntington disease gene. We found that a subset of UIMs associated with mutant Htt. The ability to interact with ubiquitin was necessary, but not sufficient, for interaction with mutant Htt. Furthermore, we found that expression of single, isolated UIMs inhibited aggregation of mutant Htt. These data suggest that isolated UIMs might serve as potential inhibitors of polyQ-aggregation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L H Miller
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Erica L Scappini
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - John O'Bryan
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
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48
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Ford D, Monteiro M. Dimerization of ubiquilin is dependent upon the central region of the protein: evidence that the monomer, but not the dimer, is involved in binding presenilins. Biochem J 2006; 399:397-404. [PMID: 16813565 PMCID: PMC1615901 DOI: 10.1042/bj20060441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquilin proteins have been shown to interact with a wide variety of other cellular proteins, often regulating the stability and degradation of the interacting protein. Ubiquilin contains a UBL (ubiquitin-like) domain at the N-terminus and a UBA (ubiquitin-associated) domain at the C-terminus, separated by a central region containing Sti1-like repeats. Little is known about regulation of the interaction of ubiquilin with other proteins. In the present study, we show that ubiquilin is capable of forming dimers, and that dimerization requires the central region of ubiquilin, but not its UBL or the UBA domains. Furthermore, we provide evidence suggesting that monomeric ubiquilin is likely to be the active form that is involved in binding presenilin proteins. Our results provide new insight into the regulatory mechanism underlying the interaction of ubiquilin with presenilins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L. Ford
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A., and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Mervyn J. Monteiro
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A., and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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49
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Tanaka K, Funakoshi M, Inoue K, Kobayashi H. Identification of two isoforms of Dsk2-related protein XDRP1 in Xenopus eggs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 350:768-73. [PMID: 17027914 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2006] [Accepted: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The budding yeast UbL-UBA protein Dsk2 has a UbL domain at its N-terminus and a UBA domain at its C-terminus, and thus functions as a shuttle protein in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. In this report we describe two isoforms of Xenopus Dsk2-related protein, XDRP1L and XDRP1S. Difference of the two proteins in sequence was that the UbL domain of XDRP1S lacks 15 residues in the middle part of that of XDRP1L. Both XDRP1L and XDRP1S were expressed in Xenopus eggs. XDRP1L and XDRP1S bound to polyubiquitinated proteins via their UBA domains. XDRP1L also bound to the proteasome via its UbL domain, whereas the XDRP1S UbL domain was less likely to bind to the proteasome. Instead, XDRP1S not XDRP1L bound to monomeric cyclin A and prevented its degradation. The existence of such Dsk2-isoforms in Xenopus eggs suggests that the shuttling function via the UbL-UBA protein Dsk2 is evolutionally conserved across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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50
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Wang H, Lim PJ, Yin C, Rieckher M, Vogel BE, Monteiro MJ. Suppression of polyglutamine-induced toxicity in cell and animal models of Huntington's disease by ubiquilin. Hum Mol Genet 2006; 15:1025-41. [PMID: 16461334 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddl017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tracts are associated with the induction of protein aggregation and cause cytotoxicity in nine different neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we report that ubiquilin suppresses polyQ-induced protein aggregation and toxicity in cells and in an animal model of Huntington's disease. Overexpression of ubiquilin in HeLa cells and primary neurons reduced aggregation of polyQ-containing proteins and cell death induced by overexpression of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-huntingtin fusion protein containing 74 polyQ repeats [GFP-Htt(Q74)], in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, overexpression of ubiquilin suppressed oxidative stress-induced cell death in HeLa cell lines stably expressing GFP-Htt(Q74). In contrast, knockdown of ubiquilin expression in these cell lines was associated with increases in DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, GFP-fusion protein aggregation, and cell death. Caenorhabditis elegans lines expressing GFP-Htt fusion proteins in body wall muscle displayed a polyQ repeat length-dependent decrease in body movement compared with wild-type animals. RNA interference of the C. elegans ubiquilin gene exacerbated the motility defect, whereas overexpression of ubiquilin prevented, and could rescue, loss of worm movement induced by overexpression of GFP-Htt(Q55). These results suggest that ubiquilin might be a novel therapeutic target for treating polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Wang
- Medical Biotechnology Center, Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 725 West Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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