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Stephenson AL, Swaleh S, Sykes J, Stanojevic S, Ma X, Quon BS, Faro A, Marshall B, Ramos KJ, Ostrenga J, Elbert A, Desai S, Cromwell E, Goss CH. Contemporary cystic fibrosis incidence rates in Canada and the United States. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:443-449. [PMID: 36371312 PMCID: PMC11214606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of new diagnostic algorithms for cystic fibrosis (CF), changing population demographics and programs that impact family planning decisions can influence incidence rates. Thus, previously reported incidence rates in Canada and the United States (US) may be outdated. The objectives of this study were to estimate contemporary CF incidence rates in Canada and the US and to determine if the incidence rate has changed over time. METHOD This population-based cohort study utilized data between 1995-2019 from the Canadian CF Registry (CCFR), Statistics Canada, US CF Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) data, and US Center for Disease Control (CDC) National Vital Statistics System. Incidence was estimated using the number of live CF births by year, sex, and geographic region using Poisson regression, with the number of live births used as the denominator. To account for delayed diagnoses, we imputed the proportion of diagnoses expected given historical trends, and varying rates of newborn screening (NBS) implementation by region. RESULTS After accounting for implementation of NBS and delayed diagnoses, the estimated incidence rate for CF in 2019 was 1:3848 (95% CI: 1:3574, 1:4143) live births in Canada compared to 1:5130 (95% CI:1:4996, 1:5267) in the US. There was substantial regional variation in incidence rates within both Canada and the US. Since 1995, incidence rates have decreased at a rate of 1.6% per year in both countries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Contemporary CF incidence rates suggest CF incidence is lower than previously reported and varies widely within North America. This information is important for resource planning and for tracking how programs (e.g., genetic counselling, modulator availability etc.) may impact the incidence of CF moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Stephenson
- St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Respirology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sana Swaleh
- St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Respirology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jenna Sykes
- St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Respirology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sanja Stanojevic
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Xiayi Ma
- St. Michael's Hospital, Department of Respirology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley S Quon
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Albert Faro
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 4550 Montgomery Ave, Suite 1100N, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 20814
| | - Bruce Marshall
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 4550 Montgomery Ave, Suite 1100N, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 20814
| | - Kathleen J Ramos
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Josh Ostrenga
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 4550 Montgomery Ave, Suite 1100N, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 20814
| | - Alex Elbert
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 4550 Montgomery Ave, Suite 1100N, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 20814
| | - Sameer Desai
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul's Hospital, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Cromwell
- Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, 4550 Montgomery Ave, Suite 1100N, Bethesda, Maryland, United States 20814
| | - Christopher H Goss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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Coriati A, Ma X, Sykes J, Stanojevic S, Ruseckaite R, Lemonnier L, Dehillotte C, Tate J, Byrnes CA, Bell SC, Burgel PR, Stephenson AL. Beyond borders: cystic fibrosis survival between Australia, Canada, France and New Zealand. Thorax 2023; 78:242-248. [PMID: 36109163 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life expectancy for people with cystic fibrosis (CF) varies considerably both within and between countries. The objective of this study was to compare survival among countries with single-payer healthcare systems while accounting for markers of disease severity. METHODS This cohort study used data from established national CF registries in Australia, Canada, France and New Zealand from 2015 to 2019. Median age of survival for each of the four countries was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare risk of death between Canada, France and Australia after adjusting for prognostic factors. Due to low number of deaths, New Zealand was not included in final adjusted models. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2019, a total of 14 842 people (3537 Australia, 4434 Canada, 6411 France and 460 New Zealand) were included. The median age of survival was highest in France 65.9 years (95% CI: 59.8 to 76.0) versus 53.3 years (95% CI: 48.9 to 59.8) for Australia, 55.4 years (95% CI: 51.3 to 59.2) for Canada and 54.8 years (95% CI: 40.7 to not available) for New Zealand. After adjusting for individual-level factors, the risk of death was significantly higher in Canada (HR 1.85, 95% CI: 1.48 to 2.32; p<0.001) and Australia (HR 2.08, 95% CI: 1.64 to 2.64; p<0.001) versus France. INTERPRETATION We observed significantly higher survival in France compared with countries with single-payer healthcare systems. The median age of survival in France exceeded 60 years of age despite having the highest proportion of underweight patients which may be due to differences in availability of transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Coriati
- Department of Respirology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiayi Ma
- Department of Respirology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jenna Sykes
- Department of Respirology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sanja Stanojevic
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Rasa Ruseckaite
- Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lydie Lemonnier
- Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | | | - Jan Tate
- Paediatric Department, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Catherine Ann Byrnes
- Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, The University of Auckland School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand.,Paediatric Respiratory Department, Starship Children's Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Scott C Bell
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia.,Children's Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pierre Regis Burgel
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Respiratory Medicine and French Cystic Fibrosis Reference Center, Hopital Cochin Pneumologie, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France.,European Reference Network Respiratory Diseases, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anne L Stephenson
- Department of Respirology, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,St Michael's Hospital Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Toward a Broader Understanding of Cystic Fibrosis Epidemiology and Its Impact on Clinical Manifestations. Clin Chest Med 2022; 43:579-590. [PMID: 36344067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of cystic fibrosis remains constant in North America and Western Europe is 1 in 3500 live births, but survival and quality of life have improved. The cystic fibrosis population has shifted toward the adult age range with a concomitant shift in the spectrum of complications. Survival increased because of aggressive symptomatic therapy, earlier diagnosis by newborn screening, and the introduction of modulators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, so that predicted median survival age is now about 50 years. In the United States, members of low socioeconomic status populations or members of racial or ethnic minorities have benefitted less from these advances.
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Lee AJ, Huffmyer JL, Thiele EL, Zeitlin PL, Chatterjee D. The Changing Face of Cystic Fibrosis: An Update for Anesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 2022; 134:1245-1259. [PMID: 35020677 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common fatal genetic disease in North America. While CF is more common among Whites, it is increasingly being recognized in other races and ethnicities. Although there is no cure, life expectancy has steadily improved, with the median survival exceeding 46 years in the United States. There are now more adults than children with CF in the United States. CF is caused by mutations in a gene that encodes the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, expressed in many epithelial cells. More than 2100 CFTR mutations have been linked to CF, and newer CFTR modulator drugs are being used to improve the production, intracellular processing, and function of the defective CFTR protein. CF is a multisystem disease that affects primarily the lungs, pancreas, hepatobiliary system, and reproductive organs. Anesthesiologists routinely encounter CF patients for various surgical and medical procedures, depending on the age group. This review article focuses on the changing epidemiology of CF, advances in the classification of CFTR mutations, the latest innovations in CFTR modulator therapies, the impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic, and perioperative considerations that anesthesiologists must know while caring for patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy J Lee
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Julie L Huffmyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eryn L Thiele
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Pamela L Zeitlin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Debnath Chatterjee
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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Botelho F, Hall A, Wissanji H. Elevated newborn serum immunoreactive trypsinogen associated with a congenital pancreatic cyst. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2021.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Scotet V, L’Hostis C, Férec C. The Changing Epidemiology of Cystic Fibrosis: Incidence, Survival and Impact of the CFTR Gene Discovery. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E589. [PMID: 32466381 PMCID: PMC7348877 DOI: 10.3390/genes11060589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in the management of cystic fibrosis (CF) in recentdecades have dramatically changed the epidemiology and prognosis of this serious disease, which is no longer an exclusively pediatric disease. This paper aims to review the changes in the incidence and survival of CF and to assess the impact of the discovery of the responsible gene (the CFTR gene) on these changes. The incidence of CF appears to be decreasing in most countries andpatient survival, which can be monitored by various indicators, has improved substantially, with an estimated median age of survivalof approximately50 years today. Cloning of the CFTR gene 30 years ago and efforts to identify its many mutations have greatly improved the management of CF. Implementation of genetic screening policies hasenabled earlier diagnosis (via newborn screening), in addition to prevention within families or in the general population in some areas (via prenatal diagnosis, family testing or population carrier screening). In the past decade, in-depth knowledge of the molecular bases of CF has also enabled the emergenceof CFTR modulator therapies which have led to major clinical advances in the treatment of CF. All of these phenomena have contributed to changing the face of CF. The advent of targeted therapies has paved the way for precision medicine and is expected to further improve survival in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Scotet
- Inserm, University of Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (C.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Carine L’Hostis
- Inserm, University of Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (C.L.); (C.F.)
| | - Claude Férec
- Inserm, University of Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France; (C.L.); (C.F.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Brest, F-29200 Brest, France
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Scotet V, Gutierrez H, Farrell PM. Newborn Screening for CF across the Globe- Where Is It Worthwhile? Int J Neonatal Screen 2020; 6:18. [PMID: 33073015 PMCID: PMC7422974 DOI: 10.3390/ijns6010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) has been performed in many countries for as long as four decades and has transformed the routine method for diagnosing this genetic disease and improved the quality and quantity of life for people with this potentially fatal disorder. Each region has typically undertaken CF NBS after analysis of the advantages, costs, and challenges, particularly regarding the relationship of benefits to risks. The very fact that all regions that began screening for CF have continued their programs implies that public health and clinical leaders consider early diagnosis through screening to be worthwhile. Currently, many regions where CF NBS has not yet been introduced are considering options and in some situations negotiating with healthcare authorities as policy and economic factors are being debated. To consider the assigned question (where is it worthwhile?), we have completed a worldwide analysis of data and factors that should be considered when CF NBS is being contemplated. This article describes the lessons learned from the journey toward universal screening wherever CF is prevalent and an analytical framework for application in those undecided regions. In fact, the lessons learned provide insights about what is necessary to make CF NBS worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Scotet
- Inserm, University of Brest, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Hector Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - Philip M. Farrell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
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De Souza A, Wolan V, Battochio A, Christian S, Hume S, Johner G, Lilley M, Ridsdale R, Schnabl K, Tran C, Yuen-Jung J, Sosova I. Newborn Screening: Current Status in Alberta, Canada. Int J Neonatal Screen 2019; 5:37. [PMID: 33072996 PMCID: PMC7510222 DOI: 10.3390/ijns5040037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newborn screening (NBS) in Alberta is delivered by a number of government and health service entities who work together to provide newborn screening to infants born in Alberta, the Northwest Territories, and the Kitikmeot region of the Nunavut territory. The Alberta panel screens for 21 disorders (16 metabolic, two endocrine, cystic fibrosis, severe combined immunodeficiency, and sickle cell disease). NBS is a standard of care, but is not mandatory. NBS performance is monitored by the Alberta Newborn Metabolic Screening (NMS) Program and NMS Laboratory, who strive for continuous quality improvement. Performance analysis found that over 99% of registered infants in Alberta received a newborn screen and over 98% of these infants received a screen result within 10 days of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy De Souza
- Newborn Metabolic Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (A.D.S.); (V.W.); (A.B.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (C.T.); (J.Y.-J.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Vanessa Wolan
- Newborn Metabolic Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (A.D.S.); (V.W.); (A.B.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (C.T.); (J.Y.-J.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Angie Battochio
- Newborn Metabolic Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (A.D.S.); (V.W.); (A.B.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (C.T.); (J.Y.-J.)
| | - Susan Christian
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada; (S.C.); (S.H.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Stacey Hume
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada; (S.C.); (S.H.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Grace Johner
- Screening Programs, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB T2S 3C3, Canada;
| | - Margaret Lilley
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7 Canada; (S.C.); (S.H.); (M.L.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ross Ridsdale
- Newborn Metabolic Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (A.D.S.); (V.W.); (A.B.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (C.T.); (J.Y.-J.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Kareena Schnabl
- Newborn Metabolic Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (A.D.S.); (V.W.); (A.B.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (C.T.); (J.Y.-J.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Chi Tran
- Newborn Metabolic Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (A.D.S.); (V.W.); (A.B.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (C.T.); (J.Y.-J.)
| | - Jolene Yuen-Jung
- Newborn Metabolic Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (A.D.S.); (V.W.); (A.B.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (C.T.); (J.Y.-J.)
| | - Iveta Sosova
- Newborn Metabolic Screening and Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, Alberta Public Laboratories, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada; (A.D.S.); (V.W.); (A.B.); (R.R.); (K.S.); (C.T.); (J.Y.-J.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada
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Mak DYF, Sykes J, Stephenson AL, Lands LC. The benefits of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: The Canadian experience. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:302-8. [PMID: 27118577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) on early indicators of long-term health was evaluated in the context of government-sponsored healthcare and access to current therapies. METHODS Using data from the Canadian CF Registry between 2008 and 2013, we compared the rates of respiratory infections and markers of nutritional status in those diagnosed through NBS to those who were diagnosed clinically within the same time period using Mann-Whitney and Fischer's exact test as appropriate. RESULTS The study included 303 subjects, 201 in the NBS group and 102 in the non-NBS group. NBS patients were diagnosed earlier and had their first clinic visit at a younger age. Pancreatic insufficiency was less common in NBS patients. The incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were lower in NBS patients. After adjusting for age at clinic visit, gender, pancreatic status, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection status, mean z-scores for weight-for-age and height-for-age were higher in NBS patients, with no differences in BMI-for-age. CONCLUSIONS NBS programs for CF lead to improved long-term health outcomes for the CF population.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Y F Mak
- Cystic Fibrosis Canada, 2323 Yonge Street Suite 800, Toronto, M4P 2C9, Canada.
| | - J Sykes
- Department of Respirology, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1T8, Canada.
| | - A L Stephenson
- Department of Respirology, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, M5B 1W8, Canada; Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 1T8, Canada.
| | - L C Lands
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada; Montreal Children's Hospital-McGill University Health Centre, Respiratory Division, Montreal, Canada.
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Hayeems RZ, Miller FA, Bombard Y, Avard D, Carroll J, Wilson B, Little J, Chakraborty P, Bytautas J, Giguere Y, Allanson J, Axler R. Expectations and values about expanded newborn screening: a public engagement study. Health Expect 2015; 18:419-29. [PMID: 23369110 PMCID: PMC5060787 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) panels have expanded to include conditions for which treatment effects are less certain, creating debate about population-based screening criteria. We investigated Canadian public expectations and values regarding the types of conditions that should be included in NBS and whether parents should provide consent. METHODS Eight focus groups (FG; n = 60) included education, deliberative discussion and pre-/post-questionnaires. Data were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS Quantitatively, the majority supported NBS for serious disorders for which treatment is not available (95-98, 82%). A majority endorsed screening without explicit consent (77-88%) for treatable disorders, but 62% supported unpressured choice for screening for untreatable disorders. Qualitatively, participants valued treatment-related benefits for infants and informational benefits for families. Concern for anxiety, stigma and unwanted knowledge depended upon disease context and strength of countervailing benefits. CONCLUSIONS Anticipated benefits of expanded infant screening were prioritized over harms, with information provision perceived as a mechanism for mitigating harms and enabling choice. However, we urge caution around the potential for public enthusiasm to foster unlimited uptake of infant screening technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Z Hayeems
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Bell SC, De Boeck K, Amaral MD. New pharmacological approaches for cystic fibrosis: Promises, progress, pitfalls. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 145:19-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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A new era in the treatment of cystic fibrosis: correction of the underlying CFTR defect. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2013; 1:158-63. [PMID: 24429096 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(12)70057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis is caused by dysfunction or deficiency of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, an epithelial chloride channel that has a key role in maintaining homoeostasis of the airway surface liquid layer in the lungs. More than 1900 CFTR mutations that might result in a disease phenotype have been identified; these can be grouped into classes on the basis of their effect on CFTR protein production, trafficking, function, and stability. In the past 2 years, landmark clinical trials have shown that correction of CFTR function leads to substantial clinical benefit for individuals with cystic fibrosis. These findings are ushering in a new era of cystic fibrosis treatments designed to correct the underlying CFTR defect caused by different mutation classes. With analysis of continuing trials and available patient registries, here we assess mutation types and the number and geographical distribution of patients who are likely to benefit from CFTR-correcting treatment.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis (CF) is now universal in the US and many other countries. The rapid expansion of screening has resulted in numerous publications identifying new challenges for healthcare providers. This review provides an overview of these publications and includes ideas on managing these challenges. RECENT FINDINGS Most CF newborn screening algorithms involve DNA mutation analysis. As screening has expanded, new challenges have been identified related to carrier detection and inconclusive diagnoses. Early descriptions of infants with CF-related metabolic syndrome (CRMS) indicate that the natural history of this condition cannot be predicted. Early identification has also provided an opportunity to better understand the pathophysiology of CF. However, few studies have been conducted in infants with CF to determine optimal therapy and recommendations are largely anecdotal. SUMMARY Newborn screening provides an opportunity to identify and begin treatment early in individuals with CF. Whereas a single, optimal approach to screening does not exist, all programs can benefit from new findings regarding sweat testing, carrier detection, early pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes.
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MacLean JE, Solomon M, Corey M, Selvadurai H. Cystic fibrosis newborn screening does not delay the identification of cystic fibrosis in children with negative results. J Cyst Fibros 2011; 10:333-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Anderson R, Rothwell E, Botkin JR. Newborn screening: ethical, legal, and social implications. ANNUAL REVIEW OF NURSING RESEARCH 2011; 29:113-32. [PMID: 22891501 PMCID: PMC7768912 DOI: 10.1891/0739-6686.29.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Newborn dried blood spot screening (NBS) is a core public health service and is the largest application of genetic testing in the United States. NBS is conducted by state public health departments to identify infants with certain genetic, metabolic, and endocrine disorders. Screening is performed in the first few days of life through blood testing. Several drops of blood are taken from the baby's heel and placed on a filter paper card. The dried blood, on the filter cards, is sent from the newborn nursery to the state health department laboratory, or a commercial partner, where the blood is analyzed. Scientific and technological advances have lead to a significant expansion in the number of tests-from an average of 6 to more than 50--and there is a national trend to further expand the NBS program. This rapid expansion has created significant ethical, legal, and social challenges for the health care system and opportunity for scholarly inquiry to address these issues. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of the NBS programs and to provide an in-depth examination of two significant concerns raised from expanded newborn screening, specifically false-positives and lack of information for parents. Implications for nursing research in managing these ethical dilemmas are discussed.
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