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Khan S, Alvi AF, Saify S, Iqbal N, Khan NA. The Ethylene Biosynthetic Enzymes, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate (ACC) Synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO): The Less Explored Players in Abiotic Stress Tolerance. Biomolecules 2024; 14:90. [PMID: 38254690 PMCID: PMC10813531 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ethylene is an essential plant hormone, critical in various physiological processes. These processes include seed germination, leaf senescence, fruit ripening, and the plant's response to environmental stressors. Ethylene biosynthesis is tightly regulated by two key enzymes, namely 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). Initially, the prevailing hypothesis suggested that ACS is the limiting factor in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence from various studies has demonstrated that ACO, under specific circumstances, acts as the rate-limiting enzyme in ethylene production. Under normal developmental processes, ACS and ACO collaborate to maintain balanced ethylene production, ensuring proper plant growth and physiology. However, under abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, or pathogen attack, the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis becomes critical for plants' survival. This review highlights the structural characteristics and examines the transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational regulation of ACS and ACO and their role under abiotic stress conditions. Reviews on the role of ethylene signaling in abiotic stress adaptation are available. However, a review delineating the role of ACS and ACO in abiotic stress acclimation is unavailable. Exploring how particular ACS and ACO isoforms contribute to a specific plant's response to various abiotic stresses and understanding how they are regulated can guide the development of focused strategies. These strategies aim to enhance a plant's ability to cope with environmental challenges more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Ameena Fatima Alvi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sadaf Saify
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Noushina Iqbal
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.K.); (S.S.)
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Huang Y, Yi J, Li X, Li F. Transcriptomics and physiological analyses reveal that sulfur alleviates mercury toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:10-25. [PMID: 37778787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is one of the most dangerous contaminants and has sparked global concern since it poses a health risk to humans when consumed through rice. Sulfur (S) is a crucial component for plant growth, and S may reduce Hg accumulation in rice grains. However, the detailed effects of S and the mechanisms underlying S-mediated responses in Hg-stressed rice plants remain unclear. Currently, to investigate the effects of S addition on rice growth, Hg accumulation, physiological indexes, and gene expression profiles, rice seedlings were hydroponically treated with Hg (20 µmol/L HgCl2) and Hg plus elemental sulfur (100 mg/L). S application significantly reduced Hg accumulation in Hg-stressed rice roots and alleviated the inhibitory effects of Hg on rice growth. S addition significantly reduced Hg-induced reactive oxygen species generation, membrane lipid peroxidation levels, and activities of antioxidant enzymes while increasing glutathione content in leaves. Transcriptomic analysis of roots identified 3,411, 2,730, and 581 differentially expressed genes in the control (CK) vs. Hg, CK vs. Hg + S, and Hg vs. Hg + S datasets, respectively. The pathway of S-mediated biological metabolism fell into six groups: biosynthesis and metabolism, expression regulation, transport, stimulus response, oxidation reduction, and cell wall biogenesis. The majority of biological process-related genes were upregulated under Hg stress compared with CK treatment, but downregulated in the Hg + S treatment. The results provide transcriptomic and physiological evidence that S may be critical for plant Hg stress resistance and will help to develop strategies for reduction or phytoremediation of Hg contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Huang
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jicai Yi
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fangbai Li
- National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-Environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-Environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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Ur Rahman S, Han JC, Ahmad M, Ashraf MN, Khaliq MA, Yousaf M, Wang Y, Yasin G, Nawaz MF, Khan KA, Du Z. Aluminum phytotoxicity in acidic environments: A comprehensive review of plant tolerance and adaptation strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 269:115791. [PMID: 38070417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al), a non-essential metal for plant growth, exerts significant phytotoxic effects, particularly on root growth. Anthropogenic activities would intensify Al's toxic effects by releasing Al3+ into the soil solution, especially in acidic soils with a pH lower than 5.5 and rich mineral content. The severity of Al-induced phytotoxicity varies based on factors such as Al concentration, ionic form, plant species, and growth stages. Al toxicity leads to inhibited root and shoot growth, reduced plant biomass, disrupted water uptake causing nutritional imbalance, and adverse alterations in physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. These effects collectively lead to diminished plant yield and quality, along with reduced soil fertility. Plants employ various mechanisms to counter Al toxicity under stress conditions, including sequestering Al in vacuoles, exuding organic acids (OAs) like citrate, oxalate, and malate from root tip cells to form Al-complexes, activating antioxidative enzymes, and overexpressing Al-stress regulatory genes. Recent advancements focus on enhancing the exudation of OAs to prevent Al from entering the plant, and developing Al-tolerant varieties. Gene transporter families, such as ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC), Aluminum-activated Malate Transporter (ALMT), Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp), Multidrug and Toxic compounds Extrusion (MATE), and aquaporin, play a crucial role in regulating Al toxicity. This comprehensive review examined recent progress in understanding the cytotoxic impact of Al on plants at the cellular and molecular levels. Diverse strategies developed by both plants and scientists to mitigate Al-induced phytotoxicity were discussed. Furthermore, the review explored recent genomic developments, identifying candidate genes responsible for OAs exudation, and delved into genome-mediated breeding initiatives, isolating transgenic and advanced breeding lines to cultivate Al-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jing-Cheng Han
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | | | - Maryam Yousaf
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ghulam Yasin
- Department of Forestry and Range Management, FAS & T, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | | | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhenjie Du
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453002, China; Water Environment Factor Risk Assessment Laboratory of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang 453002, China.
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Pereira GL, Nascimento VL, Omena-Garcia RP, Souza BCOQ, Gonçalves JFDC, Ribeiro DM, Nunes-Nesi A, Araújo WL. Physiological and metabolic changes in response to Boron levels are mediated by ethylene affecting tomato fruit yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107994. [PMID: 37660605 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Boron (B) is an essential nutrient for the plant, and its stress (both deficiency and toxicity) are major problems that affect crop production. Ethylene metabolism (both signaling and production) is important to plants' differently responding to nutrient availability. To better understand the connections between B and ethylene, here we investigate the function of ethylene in the responses of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants to B stress (deficiency, 0 μM and toxicity, 640 μM), using ethylene related mutants, namely nonripening (nor), ripening-inhibitor (rin), never ripe (Nr), and epinastic (Epi). Our results show that B stress does not necessarily inhibit plant growth, but both B stress and ethylene signaling severely affected physiological parameters, such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll a fluorescence. Under B toxicity, visible symptoms of toxicity appeared in the roots and margins of the older leaves through necrosis, caused by the accumulation of B which stimulated ethylene biosynthesis in the shoots. Both nor and rin (ethylene signaling) mutants presented similar responses, being these genotypes more sensitive and displaying several morphophysiological alterations, including fruit productivity reductions, in response to the B toxicity conditions. Therefore, our results suggest that physiological and metabolic changes in response to B fluctuations are likely mediated by ethylene signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greice Leal Pereira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vitor L Nascimento
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rebeca Patrícia Omena-Garcia
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Costa O Q Souza
- Setor de Fisiologia Vegetal - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, 37200-900, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Francisco de Carvalho Gonçalves
- National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus-AM, Brazil
| | - Dimas Mendes Ribeiro
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Zhang K, Gao W, Zhou Y, Zhao H, Xia Y, Zhang M, Bo Y, Lyu X, Hu Z, Yang J, Zhang M. Allelic variations of ClACO gene improve nitrogen uptake via ethylene-mediated root architecture in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2023; 136:199. [PMID: 37624448 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04448-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The ClACO gene encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase enabled highly efficient 15N uptake in watermelon. Nitrogen is one of the most essential nutrient elements that play a pivotal role in regulating plant growth and development for crop productivity. Elucidating the genetic basis of high nitrogen uptake is the key to improve nitrogen use efficiency for sustainable agricultural productivity. Whereas previous researches on nitrogen absorption process are mainly focused on a few model plants or crops. To date, the causal genes that determine the efficient nitrogen uptake of watermelon have not been mapped and remains largely unknown. Here, we fine-mapped the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ClACO) gene associated with nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon via bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The variations in the ClACO gene led to the changes of gene expression levels between two watermelon accessions with different nitrogen uptake efficiencies. Intriguingly, in terms of the transcript abundance of ClACO, it was concomitant with significant differences in ethylene evolutions in roots and root architectures between the two accessions and among the different genotypic offsprings of the recombinant BC2F1(ZJU132)-18. These findings suggest that ethylene as a negative regulator altered nitrogen uptake efficiency in watermelon by controlling root development. In conclusion, our current study will provide valuable target gene for precise breeding of 'green' watermelon varieties with high-nitrogen uptake efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelin Xia
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China.
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Mahmoud A, Qi R, Zhao H, Yang H, Liao N, Ali A, Malangisha GK, Ma Y, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Lyu X, Yang J, Zhang M, Hu Z. An allelic variant in the ACS7 gene promotes primary root growth in watermelon. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3357-3373. [PMID: 35980402 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene mining in a C. lanatus × C. amarus population revealed one gene, ACS7, linked to primary root elongation in watermelon. Watermelon is a xerophytic crop characterized by a long primary root and robust lateral roots. Therefore, watermelon serves as an excellent model for studying root elongation and development. However, the genetic mechanism underlying the primary root elongation in watermelon remains unknown. Herein, through bulk segregant analysis we identified a genetic locus, qPRL.Chr03, controlling primary root length (PRL) using two different watermelon species (Citrullus lanatus and Citrullus amarus) that differ in their root architecture. Fine mapping revealed that xaa-Pro dipeptidase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 (ACS7) are candidate regulators of the primary root growth. Allelic variation in the delimited region among 193 watermelon accessions indicated that the long-root alleles might only exist in C. amarus. Interestingly, the discrepancy in PRL among the C. amarus accessions was clearly associated with a nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism variant within the ACS7 gene. The ACS7 expression and ethylene levels in the primary root tips suggested that ethylene is a negative regulator of root elongation in watermelon, as supported by the application of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC, the ethylene precursor) or 2-aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG, an ACS inhibitor). To the best of our knowledge, these findings provide the first description of the genetic basis of root elongation in watermelon. The detected markers of the ACS7 gene will facilitate marker-assisted selection for the PRL trait to improve water and nutrient use efficacy in watermelon and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mahmoud
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Agriculture Research Center, Horticulture Research Institute, 9 Gmaa St, Giza, 12619, Egypt
| | - Rui Qi
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoshun Zhao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanqiao Liao
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guy Kateta Malangisha
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejia Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimei Zhou
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelin Xia
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Lyu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongyuan Hu
- Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Yazhou District, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development & Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Ethylene Acts as a Local and Systemic Signal to Mediate UV-B-Induced Nitrate Reallocation to Arabidopsis Leaves and Roots via Regulating the ERFs-NRT1.8 Signaling Module. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169068. [PMID: 36012333 PMCID: PMC9408821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate is the preferred nitrogen source for plants and plays an important role in plant growth and development. Under various soil stresses, plants reallocate nitrate to roots to promote stress tolerance through the ethylene-ethylene response factors (ERFs)-nitrate transporter (NRT) signaling module. As a light signal, ultraviolet B (UV-B) also stimulates the production of ethylene. However, whether UV-B regulates nitrate reallocation in plants via ethylene remains unknown. Here, we found that UV-B-induced expression of ERF1B, ORA59, ERF104, and NRT1.8 in both Arabidopsis shoots and roots as well as nitrate reallocation from hypocotyls to leaves and roots were impaired in ethylene signaling mutants for Ethylene Insensitive2 (EIN2) and EIN3. UV-B-induced NRT1.8 expression and nitrate reallocation to leaves and roots were also inhibited in the triple mutants for ERF1B, ORA59, and ERF104. Deletion of NRT1.8 impaired UV-B-induced nitrate reallocation to both leaves and roots. Furthermore, UV-B promoted ethylene release in both shoots and roots by enhancing the gene expression and enzymatic activities of ethylene biosynthetic enzymes only in shoots. These results show that ethylene acts as a local and systemic signal to mediate UV-B-induced nitrate reallocation from Arabidopsis hypocotyls to both leaves and roots via regulating the gene expression of the ERFs-NRT1.8 signaling module.
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Jin J, Essemine J, Xu Z, Duan J, Shan C, Mei Z, Zhu J, Cai W. Arabidopsis ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 directly regulates the expression of PG1β-like family genes in response to aluminum stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4923-4940. [PMID: 35661874 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genes in the subfamily PG1β (beta subunit of poly-galacturonase isoenzyme 1) have a clear effect on the biosynthesis pathway of pectin, a main component of the cell wall. However, the detailed functions of the PG1β-like gene members in Arabidopsis (AtPG1-3) have not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated their functional roles in response to aluminum (Al) stress. Our results indicate that the PG1β-like gene members are indeed involved in the Al-stress response and they can modulate its accumulation in roots to achieve optimum root elongation and hence better seedling growth. We found that transcription factor EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) alters pectin metabolism and the EIN3 gene responds to Al stress to affect the pectin content in the root cell walls, leading to exacerbation of the inhibition of root growth, as reflected by the phenotypes of overexpressing lines. We determined that EIN3 can directly bind to the promoter regions of PG1-3, which act downstream of EIN3. Thus, our results show that EIN3 responds to Al stress in Arabidopsis directly through regulating the expression of PG1-3. Hence, EIN3 mediates their functions by acting as a biomarker in their molecular biosynthesis pathways, and consequently orchestrates their biological network in response to Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Guangzhou City Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding, Pazhou Dadao Rd. 17-19, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Jianli Duan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chi Shan
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiling Mei
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environment, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Alleviation of Cadmium and Nickel Toxicity and Phyto-Stimulation of Tomato Plant L. by Endophytic Micrococcus luteus and Enterobacter cloacae. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11152018. [PMID: 35956496 PMCID: PMC9370581 DOI: 10.3390/plants11152018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) are two of the most toxic metals, wreaking havoc on human health and agricultural output. Furthermore, high levels of Cd and Ni in the soil environment, particularly in the root zone, may slow plant development, resulting in lower plant biomass. On the other hand, endophytic bacteria offer great promise for reducing Cd and Ni. Moreover, they boost plants’ resistance to heavy metal stress. Different bacterium strains were isolated from tomato roots. These isolates were identified as Micrococcus luteus and Enterobacter cloacae using 16SrDNA and were utilized to investigate their involvement in mitigating the detrimental effects of heavy metal stress. The two bacterial strains can solubilize phosphorus and create phytohormones as well as siderophores. Therefore, the objective of this study was to see how endophytic bacteria (Micrococcus luteus and Enterobactercloacae) affected the mitigation of stress from Cd and Ni in tomato plants grown in 50 μM Cd or Ni-contaminated soil. According to the findings, Cd and Ni considerably lowered growth, biomass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, and photosynthetic properties. Furthermore, the content of proline, phenol, malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, OH, O2, the antioxidant defense system, and heavy metal (HM) contents were significantly raised under HM-stress conditions. However, endophytic bacteria greatly improved the resistance of tomato plants to HM stress by boosting enzymatic antioxidant defenses (i.e., catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase, lipoxygenase activity, and nitrate reductase), antioxidant, non-enzymatic defenses, and osmolyte substances such as proline, mineral content, and specific regulatory defense genes. Moreover, the plants treated had a higher value for bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) due to more extensive loss of Cd and Ni content from the soil. To summarize, the promotion of endophytic bacterium-induced HM resistance in tomato plants is essentially dependent on the influence of endophytic bacteria on antioxidant capacity and osmoregulation.
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Zhu CQ, Wei Q, Hu WJ, Kong YL, Xiang XJ, Zhang H, Cao XC, Zhu LF, Liu J, Tian WH, Jin QY, Zhang JH. Unearthing the alleviatory mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide in aluminum toxicity in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 182:133-144. [PMID: 35490639 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) improves aluminum (Al) resistance in rice, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, treatment with 30-μM Al significantly inhibited rice root growth and increased the total Al content, apoplastic and cytoplasm Al concentration in the rice roots. However, pretreatment with NaHS (H2S donor) reversed these negative effects. Pretreatment with NaHS significantly increased energy production under Al toxicity conditions, such as by increasing the content of ATP and nonstructural carbohydrates. In addition, NaHS stimulated the AsA-GSH cycle to decrease the peroxidation damage induced by Al toxicity. Pretreatment with NaHS significantly inhibited ethylene emissions in the rice and then inhibited pectin synthesis and increased the pectin methylation degree to reduce cell wall Al deposition. The phytohormones indole-3-acetic and brassinolide were also involved in the alleviation of Al toxicity by H2S. The transcriptome results further confirmed that H2S alleviates Al toxicity by increasing the pathways relating to material and energy metabolism, redox reactions, cell wall components, and signal transduction. These findings improve our understanding of how H2S affects rice responses to Al toxicity, which will facilitate further studies on crop safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - QianQian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310021, China
| | - Ya Li Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | | | - Hui Zhang
- Agricultural Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen Hao Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Low Concentration of Aluminum-Stimulated Pollen Tube Growth of Apples (Malus domestica). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131705. [PMID: 35807657 PMCID: PMC9269008 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is an important element in soil constitution. Previous studies have shown that high concentration of Al affects the normal growth of crops, resulting in crop yield reduction and inferior quality. Nevertheless, Al has also been referred to as a beneficial element, especially when used at low concentrations, but the cytological mechanism is not clear. Influences of low concentration AlCl3 on the pollen tube growth of apple (Malus domestica) and its possible cytological mechanism were investigated in this study. The results showed that 20 μM AlCl3 promoted pollen germination and tube elongation; 20 μM AlCl3 enhanced Ca2+ influx but did not affect [Ca2+]c of the pollen tube tip; and 20 μM AlCl3 decreased acid pectins in pollen tubes but increased esterified pectins and arabinan pectins in pollen tubes. According to the information provided in this research, 20 μM AlCl3 stimulated growth of pollen tubes by enhancing Ca2+ influx and changing cell wall components.
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Quiñones MA, Lucas MM, Pueyo JJ. Adaptive Mechanisms Make Lupin a Choice Crop for Acidic Soils Affected by Aluminum Toxicity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:810692. [PMID: 35069669 PMCID: PMC8766672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.810692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Almost half of the world's agricultural soils are acidic, and most of them present significant levels of aluminum (Al) contamination, with Al3+ as the prevailing phytotoxic species. Lupin is a protein crop that is considered as an optimal alternative to soybean cultivation in cold climates. Lupins establish symbiosis with certain soil bacteria, collectively known as rhizobia, which are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. Moreover, some lupin species, especially white lupin, form cluster roots, bottlebrush-like structures specialized in the mobilization and uptake of nutrients in poor soils. Cluster roots are also induced by Al toxicity. They exude phenolic compounds and organic acids that chelate Al to form non-phytotoxic complexes in the rhizosphere and inside the root cells, where Al complexes are accumulated in the vacuole. Lupins flourish in highly acidic soils where most crops, including other legumes, are unable to grow. Some lupin response mechanisms to Al toxicity are common to other plants, but lupin presents specific tolerance mechanisms, partly as a result of the formation of cluster roots. Al-induced lupin organic acid secretion differs from P-induced secretion, and organic acid transporters functions differ from those in other legumes. Additionally, symbiotic rhizobia can contribute to Al detoxification. After revising the existing knowledge on lupin distinct Al tolerance mechanisms, we conclude that further research is required to elucidate the specific organic acid secretion and Al accumulation mechanisms in this unique legume, but definitely, white lupin arises as a choice crop for cultivation in Al-rich acidic soils in temperate climate regions.
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Khan AR, Azhar W, Wu J, Ulhassan Z, Salam A, Zaidi SHR, Yang S, Song G, Gan Y. Ethylene participates in zinc oxide nanoparticles induced biochemical, molecular and ultrastructural changes in rice seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 226:112844. [PMID: 34619479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the applications of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) have been significantly increased, thereby negatively affecting crop production and ultimately contaminating the food chain worldwide. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) induced oxidative stress has been clarified in previous studies. But until now, it has not been investigated that how ethylene mediates or participates in ZnO NPs-induced toxicity and related cellular ultrastructural changes in rice seedlings. Here, we reported that 500 mg/L of ZnO NPs reduced the fresh weight (54.75% and 55.64%) and dry weight (40.33% and 47.83%) in shoot and root respectively as compared to control. Furthermore, ZnO NPs (500 mg/L) reduced chlorophyll content (72% Chla, 70% Chlb), induced the stomatal closure and ultrastructural damages by causing oxidative stress in rice seedlings. These cellular damages were significantly increased by exogenous applications of ethylene biosynthesis precursor (ACC) in the presence of ZnO NPs. In contrary, ZnO NPs induced damages on the above-mentioned attributes were reversed through the exogenous supply of ethylene signaling and biosynthesis antagonists such as silver (Ag) and cobalt (Co) respectively. Interestingly, ZnO NPs accelerate ethylene biosynthesis by up-regulating the transcriptome of ethylene biosynthesis responsive genes. The antioxidant enzymes activities and related gene expressions were further increased in ethylene signaling and biosynthesis associated antagonists (Ag and Co) treated seedlings as compared to sole ZnO NPs treatments. In contrary, the above-reported attributes were further decreased by ACC together with ZnO NPs. In a nutshell, ethylene effectively contributes in ZnO NPs induced toxicity and causing ultrastructural and stomatal damage in rice seedlings. Such findings could have potential implications in producing genetic engineered crops, which will be able to tolerate nanoparticles toxicity in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza Khan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wardah Azhar
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Salam
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Syed Hassan Raza Zaidi
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuaiqi Yang
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ge Song
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Building 11, Yonyou Industrial Park, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Yazhou District, Sanya, Hainan 572025, China.
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Ranjan A, Sinha R, Sharma TR, Pattanayak A, Singh AK. Alleviating aluminum toxicity in plants: Implications of reactive oxygen species signaling and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1765-1784. [PMID: 33665830 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and productivity in acidic soil. At pH lower than 5.0 (pH < 5.0), the soluble and toxic form of Al (Al3+ ions) enters root cells and inhibits root growth and uptake of water and nutrients. The organic acids malate, citrate, and oxalate are secreted by the roots and chelate Al3+ to form a non-toxic Al-OA complex, which decreases the entry of Al3+ into the root cells. When Al3+ enters, it leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, which are toxic and cause damage to biomolecules like lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids. When ROS levels rise beyond the threshold, plants activate an antioxidant defense system that comprises of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione S-transferase (GST), ascorbic acid (ASA), phenolics and alkaloids etc., which protect plant cells from oxidative damage by scavenging and neutralizing ROS. Besides, ROS also play an important role in signal transduction and influence many molecular and cellular process like hormone signaling, gene expression, cell wall modification, cell cycle, programed cell death (PCD), and development. In the present review, the mechanisms of Al-induced ROS generation, ROS signaling, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways helping to combat Al toxicity have been summarized, which will help researchers to understand the intricacies of Al-induced plant response at cellular level and plan research for developing Al-toxicity tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture in acid soil-affected regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | - Ragini Sinha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
| | | | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, India
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15
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Ranjan A, Sinha R, Lal SK, Bishi SK, Singh AK. Phytohormone signalling and cross-talk to alleviate aluminium toxicity in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1331-1343. [PMID: 34086069 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02724-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is one of the most abundant metals in earth crust, which becomes toxic to the plants growing in acidic soil. Phytohormones like ethylene, auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and gibberellic acid are known to play important role in regulating Al toxicity tolerance in plants. Exogenous applications of auxin, cytokinin and abscisic acid have shown significant effect on Al-induced root growth inhibition. Moreover, ethylene and cytokinin act synergistically with auxin in responding against Al toxicity. A number of studies showed that phytohormones play vital roles in controlling root responses to Al toxicity by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling, cell wall modifications, organic acid exudation from roots and expression of Al responsive genes and transcription factors. This review provides a summary of recent studies related to involvement of phytohormone signalling and cross-talk with other pathways in regulating response against Al toxicity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Ranjan
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India.
| | - Ragini Sinha
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Shambhu Krishan Lal
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bishi
- School of Genomics and Molecular Breeding, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- School of Genetic Engineering, ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi, 834 003, India.
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16
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Sofy MR, Aboseidah AA, Heneidak SA, Ahmed HR. ACC deaminase containing endophytic bacteria ameliorate salt stress in Pisum sativum through reduced oxidative damage and induction of antioxidative defense systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:40971-40991. [PMID: 33772716 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13585-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 6% of the world's total land area and 20% of the irrigated land are affected by salt stress. Egypt is one such country affected by salt-stress problems. This paper focuses on the role of isolated bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens, in alleviating the harmful effects of salt stress. The results show that the irrigation of plants with different concentrations of saline water (0, 75, and 150 mM NaCl) leads to significantly decreased growth criteria, photosynthetic pigments (i.e., chl a, chl b, and carotenoids), and membrane stability index (MSI) values. Moreover, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione content, endogenous proline, the antioxidant defense system, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) content, ACC synthase (ACS), ACC oxidase (ACO), and Na+ content were significantly increased under NaCl-stress exposure. On the contrary, treatment with endophytic bacteria significantly increased the resistance of pea plants to salt stress by increasing the enzymatic antioxidant defenses (i.e., superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione reductase), non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (i.e., glutathione), osmolyte substances such as proline, and antioxidant enzyme gene expression. As a result, endophytic bacteria's use was significantly higher compared to control values for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid GA3, MSI, and photosynthetic pigments. The use of endophytic bacteria significantly decreased Na+ accumulation while, at the same time, promoting K+ uptake. In conclusion, the induction of endophytic bacterium-induced salt tolerance in pea plants depends primarily on the effect of endophytic bacteria on osmoregulation, the antioxidant capacity, and ion uptake adjustment by limiting the uptake of Na+ and, alternatively, increasing the accumulation of K+ in plant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud R Sofy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, 11884 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Akram A Aboseidah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Samia A Heneidak
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Hoda R Ahmed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
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17
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Mao S, Xu X, Zhang L, Bai B, Hu N, Wang H. Methylated mud snail protein as a bio-flocculant for high turbidity wastewater treatment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 84:737-751. [PMID: 34388131 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The authors reported a potential candidate methylated mud snail protein (MeMsp) as an effective and eco-friendly flocculant to treat the high turbidity wastewater. MeMsp was obtained by extraction of mud snail protein (Msp) through isoelectric precipitation (PSC-IP) and then methylated via the esterification with side-chain carboxyl. Structural characterization of FT-IR, zeta potential and elemental analysis were carried out and further confirmed the successful of the methylation. Flocculation experiments with kaolin suspension simulated wastewater indicated that MeMsp-24 displayed more excellent flocculation efficiency at a low dosage. At the optimum dosage 27 mg/L, the maximum clarification efficiency of MeMsp-24 was 97.46% under pH 7.0. Furthermore, MeMsp-24 exhibited a wide flocculation window in the pH range 1.0-9.0, and faster sedimentation velocity and larger flocs size. In addition, MeMsp-24 exhibited 92.12% clarification efficiency in treating railway tunnel construction effluent. The flocculation kinetic and mechanism analysis revealed that the most effective particle collision occurred at the optimal dosage, with charge neutralization and adhesion playing irreplaceable roles in different environments, respectively. Therefore, through extraction and methylation modification, MeMsp could be a promising eco-friendly flocculant for high turbidity wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Mao
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Linjiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, No. 126, Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA; CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Na Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810001, China
| | - Honglun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining 810001, China
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Khan MIR, Chopra P, Chhillar H, Ahanger MA, Hussain SJ, Maheshwari C. Regulatory hubs and strategies for improving heavy metal tolerance in plants: Chemical messengers, omics and genetic engineering. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:260-278. [PMID: 34020167 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) accumulation in the agricultural soil and its toxicity is a major threat for plant growth and development. HMs disrupt functional integrity of the plants, induces altered phenological and physiological responses and slashes down qualitative crop yield. Chemical messengers such as phytohormones, plant growth regulators and gasotransmitters play a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development under metal toxicity in plants. Understanding the intricate network of these chemical messengers as well as interactions of genes/metabolites/proteins associated with HM toxicity in plants is necessary for deciphering insights into the regulatory circuit involved in HM tolerance. The present review describes (a) the role of chemical messengers in HM-induced toxicity mitigation, (b) possible crosstalk between phytohormones and other signaling cascades involved in plants HM tolerance and (c) the recent advancements in biotechnological interventions including genetic engineering, genome editing and omics approaches to provide a step ahead in making of improved plant against HM toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sofi Javed Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Kokernag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Chirag Maheshwari
- Agricultural Energy and Power Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
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19
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Kar D, Pradhan AA, Datta S. The role of solute transporters in aluminum toxicity and tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:638-652. [PMID: 32951202 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of aluminum ions (Al3+ ) under acidic soil conditions inhibits primary root elongation and hinders plant growth and productivity. Al3+ alters the membrane potential, displaces critical ions in the apoplast and disrupts intracellular ionic concentrations by targeting membrane-localized solute transporters. Here, we provide an overview of how Al3+ affects the activities of several solute transporters especially in the root. High Al3+ level impairs the functions of potassium (K+ ), calcium (Ca2+ ), magnesium (Mg2+ ), nitrate (NO3 - ) and ammonium (NH4 + ) transporters. We further discuss the role of some key transporters in mediating Al tolerance either by exclusion or sequestration. Anion channels responsible for organic acid efflux modulate the sensitivity to Al3+ . The ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER (ALMT) and MULTIDRUG AND TOXIC COMPOUND EXTRUSION (MATE) family of transporters exude malate and citrate, respectively, to the rhizosphere to alleviate Al toxicity by Al exclusion. The ABC transporters, aquaporins and H+ -ATPases perform vacuolar sequestration of Al3+ , leading to aluminum tolerance in plants. Targeting these solute transporters in crop plants can help generating aluminum-tolerant crops in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Kar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, India
| | - Ajar Anupam Pradhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066, India
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Jin K, Li H, Li X, Li H, Dodd IC, Belimov AA, Davies WJ, Shen J. Rhizosphere bacteria containing ACC deaminase decrease root ethylene emission and improve maize root growth with localized nutrient supply. Food Energy Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kemo Jin
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resource and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Hongbo Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in AgricultureChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xiaoqing Li
- The Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancashire UK
| | - Haigang Li
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resource and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Ian C. Dodd
- The Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancashire UK
| | - Andrey A. Belimov
- All‐Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology St. Petersburg Russian Federation
| | | | - Jianbo Shen
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development Department of Plant Nutrition College of Resource and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University Beijing China
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21
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Xiao D, Li X, Zhou YY, Wei L, Keovongkod C, He H, Zhan J, Wang AQ, He LF. Transcriptome analysis reveals significant difference in gene expression and pathways between two peanut cultivars under Al stress. Gene 2021; 781:145535. [PMID: 33631240 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is an important factor in limiting peanut growth on acidic soil. The molecular mechanisms underlying peanut responses to Al stress are largely unknown. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis of the root tips (0-1 cm) of peanut cultivar ZH2 (Al-sensitive) and 99-1507 (Al-tolerant) respectively. Root tips of peanuts that treated with 100 μM Al for 8 h and 24 h were analyzed by RNA-Seq, and a total of 8,587 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GO and KEGG pathway analysis excavated a group of important Al-responsive genes related to organic acid transport, metal cation transport, transcription regulation and programmed cell death (PCD). These homologs were promising targets to modulate Al tolerance in peanuts. It was found that the rapid transcriptomic response to Al stress in 99-1507 helped to activate effective Al tolerance mechanisms. Protein and protein interaction analysis indicated that MAPK signal transduction played important roles in the early response to Al stress in peanuts. Moreover, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified a predicted EIL (EIN3-like) gene with greatly increased expression as an Al-associated gene, and revealed a link between ethylene signaling transduction and Al resistance related genes in peanut, which suggested the enhanced signal transduction mediated the rapid transcriptomic responses. Our results revealed key pathways and genes associated with Al stress, and improved the understanding of Al response in peanut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Xia Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yun-Yi Zhou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Li Wei
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Chanthaphoone Keovongkod
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Huyi He
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Jie Zhan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ai-Qin Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Long-Fei He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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22
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Liu Y, Tao Q, Li J, Guo X, Luo J, Jupa R, Liang Y, Li T. Ethylene-mediated apoplastic barriers development involved in cadmium accumulation in root of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123729. [PMID: 33264898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is an important phytohormone for plant adaptation to heavy metal stress. However, the effects of ethylene on radial apoplastic transport of Cd remain elusive. This study investigated the role of ethylene on apoplastic barriers development and consequences for Cd uptake in Sedum alfredii. In response to Cd, endogenous ethylene production in hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) roots was decreased due to the down-regulated expressions of ethylene biosynthesis genes, while the opposite result was observed in non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE). Interestingly, the ethylene emission in HE was always higher than that in NHE, regardless of Cd concentrations. Results of exogenous application of ethylene biosynthesis precursor/inhibitor indicate that ethylene with high level would delay the formation of apoplastic barriers in HE through restraining phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity and gene expressions related to lignin/suberin biosynthesis. Simultaneously, correlation analyses suggest that Cd-induced apoplastic barriers formation may be also regulated by ethylene signaling. By using an apoplastic bypass tracer and scanning ion-selected electrode, we observed that the delayed deposition of apoplastic barriers significantly promoted Cd influx in roots. Taken together, high endogenous ethylene in HE postponed the formation of apoplastic barriers and thus promoted the Cd accumulation in the apoplast of roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jipeng Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Radek Jupa
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmentaland Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou, 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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23
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Hussain S, Huang J, Zhu C, Zhu L, Cao X, Hussain S, Ashraf M, Khaskheli MA, Kong Y, Jin Q, Li X, Zhang J. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enhances the growth and morpho-physiological characteristics of rice cultivars by mitigating the ethylene accumulation under salinity stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:782-795. [PMID: 32680726 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Salinity-induced ethylene accumulation caused by high production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) hinders rice plant growth and development. Nevertheless, ACC deaminase may alleviate salt stress and high ethylene production in rice cultivars under salinity stress. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), an ACC deaminase co-factor, could be a useful ACC inhibitor in plants; however, it has not been studied before. In the present study, the effects of PLP on the growth and morphophysiological characteristics of rice cultivars (Jinyuan 85 (JY85) and Nipponbare (NPBA) were investigated under salinity stress (control (CK), low salinity (LS), and high salinity (HS) in hydroponic conditions. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) under factorial arrangement of treatments. The results showed that, compared with no PLP, exogenous application of PLP significantly inhibited ACC and ethylene production in the roots, leaves and panicles of both cultivars under salinity, and PLP was more effective at improving the physiological characteristics of both cultivars under salinity stress. Further, root morphophysiological traits and pollen viability were triggered in the PLP treatment compared to the no-PLP treatment under various salinity levels. ACC production inhibited by PLP was useful for improving the 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, and total plant biomass under the CK, LS and HS treatments in both rice cultivars. These results revealed that PLP, as an ACC deaminase cofactor, is a key tool for mitigating ethylene-induced effects under salinity stress and for enhancing the agronomic and morphophysiological traits of rice under saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chunquan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lianfeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaochuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ashraf
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Maqsood Ahmed Khaskheli
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yali Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qianyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Junhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Wang Y, Diao P, Kong L, Yu R, Zhang M, Zuo T, Fan Y, Niu Y, Yan F, Wuriyanghan H. Ethylene Enhances Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Under Salinity by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Promoting Chlorophyll Content via ETR2 Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1066. [PMID: 32765554 PMCID: PMC7378865 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage, and salinity is a major stress factor on its yield. In this study, we show that osmotic stress retards alfalfa seedling growth, while ionic/oxidative stress reduces its seed germination. Ethylene treatment can recover the germination rate of alfalfa seeds under salt stress, while ethylene inhibitor silver thiosulfate exacerbates salt effects. ETH reduces the accumulation of MDA and H2O2 and increases POD activity. ETH and ACC improve the salt tolerance of alfalfa by increasing proline content under salt stress. In contrast, STS inhibits alfalfa seed germination by reducing POD activity. NaCl treatment reduces chlorophyll content in alfalfa leaves, while ETH and ACC can increase the chlorophyll content and promote seedling growth. ETH promotes the growth of alfalfa in saline condition by reducing the expression of MsACO and MsERF8 genes, while increases its germination rate by upregulating MsERF11 gene. Silencing of MsETR2, a putative ethylene receptor gene in alfalfa, abolishes ethylene triggered tolerance to salt stress. In summary, we show that ethylene improves salt tolerance in alfalfa via MsETR2 dependent manner, and we also analyze the regulatory mechanism of ethylene during germination of alfalfa seeds under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Pengfei Diao
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Lingqi Kong
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Ruonan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yanyan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yiding Niu
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Yan, ; Hada Wuriyanghan,
| | - Hada Wuriyanghan
- Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Fang Yan, ; Hada Wuriyanghan,
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25
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Zhu CQ, Cao XC, Bai ZG, Zhu LF, Hu WJ, Hu AY, Abliz B, Zhong C, Liang QD, Huang J, Zhang JH, Jin QY. Putrescine alleviates aluminum toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa) by reducing cell wall Al contents in an ethylene-dependent manner. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 167:471-487. [PMID: 30851007 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al3+ ) toxicity in acidic soils limits crop productivity worldwide. In this study, we found that putrescine (PUT) significantly alleviates Al toxicity in rice roots. The addition of 0.1 mM PUT promoted root elongation and reduced the Al content in the root apices of Nipponbare (Nip) and Kasalath (Kas) rice under Al toxicity conditions. Exogenous treatment with PUT reduced the cell wall Al content by reducing polysaccharide (pectin and hemicellulose) levels and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in roots and decreased the translocation of Al from the external environment to the cytoplasm by downregulating the expression of OsNRAT1, which responsible to encode an Al transporter protein Nrat1 (Nramp aluminum transporter 1). The addition of PUT under Al toxicity conditions significantly inhibited ethylene emissions and suppressed the expression of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis. Treatment with the ethylene precursor 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) significantly improved ethylene emission, inhibited root elongation, increased the Al accumulation in root tips and the root cell wall, and increased cell wall pectin and hemicellulose contents in both rice cultivars under Al toxicity conditions. The ethylene biosynthesis antagonist aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG, inhibitor of the ACC synthase) had the opposite effect and reduced PME activity. Together, our results show that PUT decreases the cell wall Al contents by suppressing ethylene emissions and decreases the symplastic Al levels by downregulating OsNRAT1 in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Xiao Chuang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhi Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lian Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Wen Jun Hu
- Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - An Yong Hu
- School of Geographic Science, NanTong University, NanTong, 226019, China
| | - Buhailiqem Abliz
- Nuclear Technology Biotechnology Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, 830091, China
| | - Chu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qing Duo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jun Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Qian Yu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
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26
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Role of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide in plant aluminum tolerance. Biometals 2018; 32:1-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Wakeel A, Gan Y. A model for the ethylene-mediated auxin distribution under Cr(VI) stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1473685. [PMID: 30081766 PMCID: PMC6149494 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1473685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is one of the top 20 highly toxic heavy metals, which affect agricultural land and economically important crops all over the world. The plant responds to cope with the adverse effects caused by exogenous stimuli. The most important plant's growth, as well as stress response components, are the diverse group of phytohormones. Plant root being the first organ that counters soil contaminant, can be severely damaged. Auxin and ethylene are the most important phytohormones of the root growth and development. It is also reported that auxin is and ethylene play acts synergistically against various abiotic stresses. In a recently published article in Plant, Cell, and Environment we reported that high Cr(VI) levels-induced ethylene mediates auxin distribution. We further reported that Cr(VI)-induced ethylene-mediated auxin is involved in the primary root growth inhibition. In the current, study we proposed a functional model for the Cr(V)-induced ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition by modulating cell cycle and auxin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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28
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Zhang M, Lu X, Li C, Zhang B, Zhang C, Zhang XS, Ding Z. Auxin Efflux Carrier ZmPGP1 Mediates Root Growth Inhibition under Aluminum Stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:819-832. [PMID: 29720555 PMCID: PMC6001327 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Auxin has been shown to enhance root growth inhibition under aluminum (Al) stress in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, in maize (Zea mays), auxin may play a negative role in the Al-induced inhibition of root growth. In this study, we identified mutants deficient in the maize auxin efflux carrier P-glycoprotein (ZmPGP1) after ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis and used them to elucidate the contribution of ZmPGP1 to Al-induced root growth inhibition. Root growth in the zmpgp1 mutant, which forms shortened roots and is hyposensitive to auxin, was less inhibited by Al stress than that in the inbred line B73. In the zmpgp1 mutants, the root tips displayed higher auxin accumulation and enhanced auxin signaling under Al stress, which was also consistent with the increased expression of auxin-responsive genes. Based on the behavior of the auxin-responsive marker transgene, DR5rev:RFP, we concluded that Al stress reduced the level of auxin in the root tip, which contrasts with the tendency of Al stress-induced Arabidopsis plants to accumulate more auxin in their root tips. In addition, Al stress induced the expression of ZmPGP1 Therefore, in maize, Al stress is associated with reduced auxin accumulation in root tips, a process that is regulated by ZmPGP1 and thus causes inhibition of root growth. This study provides further evidence about the role of auxin and auxin polar transport in Al-induced root growth regulation in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Insititue of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Chunyi Zhang
- Department of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xian-Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
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29
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Wakeel A, Ali I, Upreti S, Azizullah A, Liu B, Khan AR, Huang L, Wu M, Gan Y. Ethylene mediates dichromate-induced inhibition of primary root growth by altering AUX1 expression and auxin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1453-1467. [PMID: 29499078 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The hexavalent form of chromium [Cr(VI)] causes a major reduction in yield and quality of crops worldwide. The root is the first plant organ that interacts with Cr(VI) toxicity, which inhibits primary root elongation, but the underlying mechanisms of this inhibition remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the possibility that Cr(VI) reduces primary root growth of Arabidopsis by modulating the cell cycle-related genes and that ethylene signalling contributes to this process. We show that Cr(VI)-mediated inhibition of primary root elongation was alleviated by the ethylene perception and biosynthesis antagonists silver and cobalt, respectively. Furthermore, the ethylene signalling defective mutants (ein2-1 and etr1-3) were insensitive, whereas the overproducer mutant (eto1-1) was hypersensitive to Cr(VI). We also report that high levels of Cr(VI) significantly induce the distribution and accumulation of auxin in the primary root tips, but this increase was significantly suppressed in seedlings exposed to silver or cobalt. In addition, genetic and physiological investigations show that AUXIN-RESISTANT1 (AUX1) participates in Cr(VI)-induced inhibition of primary root growth. Taken together, our results indicate that ethylene mediates Cr(VI)-induced inhibition of primary root elongation by increasing auxin accumulation and polar transport by stimulating the expression of AUX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Imran Ali
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sakila Upreti
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linli Huang
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Alarcón-Poblete E, Inostroza-Blancheteau C, Alberdi M, Rengel Z, Reyes-Díaz M. Molecular regulation of aluminum resistance and sulfur nutrition during root growth. PLANTA 2018; 247:27-39. [PMID: 29119269 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2805-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum toxicity and sulfate deprivation both regulate microRNA395 expression, repressing its low-affinity sulfate transporter ( SULTR2;1 ) target. Sulfate deprivation also induces the high-affinity sulfate transporter gene ( SULTR12 ), allowing enhanced sulfate uptake. Few studies about the relationships between sulfate, a plant nutrient, and aluminum, a toxic ion, are available; hence, the molecular and physiological processes underpinning this interaction are poorly understood. The Al-sulfate interaction occurs in acidic soils, whereby relatively high concentrations of trivalent toxic aluminum (Al3+) may hamper root growth, limiting uptake of nutrients, including sulfur (S). On the other side, Al3+ may be detoxified by complexation with sulfate in the acid soil solution as well as in the root-cell vacuoles. In this review, we focus on recent insights into the mechanisms governing plant responses to Al toxicity and its relationship with sulfur nutrition, emphasizing the role of phytohormones, microRNAs, and ion transporters in higher plants. It is known that Al3+ disturbs gene expression and enzymes involved in biosynthesis of S-containing cysteine in root cells. On the other hand, Al3+ may induce ethylene biosynthesis, enhance reactive oxygen species production, alter phytohormone transport, trigger root growth inhibition and promote sulfate uptake under S deficiency. MicroRNA395, regulated by both Al toxicity and sulfate deprivation, represses its low-affinity Sulfate Transporter 2;1 (SULTR2;1) target. In addition, sulfate deprivation induces High Affinity Sulfate Transporters (HAST; SULTR1;2), improving sulfate uptake from low-sulfate soil solutions. Identification of new microRNAs and cloning of their target genes are necessary for a better understanding of the role of molecular regulation of plant resistance to Al stress and sulfate deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Alarcón-Poblete
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Claudio Inostroza-Blancheteau
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaría, Universidad Católica de Temuco, P.O. Box 56-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Miren Alberdi
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Zed Rengel
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Díaz
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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Daspute AA, Sadhukhan A, Tokizawa M, Kobayashi Y, Panda SK, Koyama H. Transcriptional Regulation of Aluminum-Tolerance Genes in Higher Plants: Clarifying the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1358. [PMID: 28848571 PMCID: PMC5550694 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) rhizotoxicity is one of the major environmental stresses that decrease global food production. Clarifying the molecular mechanisms underlying Al tolerance may contribute to the breeding of Al-tolerant crops. Recent studies identified various Al-tolerance genes. The expression of these genes is inducible by Al. Studies of the major Arabidopsis thaliana Al-tolerance gene, ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 1 (AtALMT1), which encodes an Al-activated malate transporter, revealed that the Al-inducible expression is regulated by a SENSITIVE TO PROTON RHIXOTOXICITY 1 (STOP1) zinc-finger transcription factor. This system, which involves STOP1 and organic acid transporters, is conserved in diverse plant species. The expression of AtALMT1 is also upregulated by several phytohormones and hydrogen peroxide, suggesting there is crosstalk among the signals involved in the transcriptional regulation of AtALMT1. Additionally, phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate various transcriptional responses, including the expression of genes related to increased Al tolerance or the suppression of root growth under Al stress conditions. For example, Al suppressed root growth due to abnormal accumulation of auxin and cytokinin. It activates transcription of TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 and other phytohormone responsive genes in distal transition zone, which causes suppression of root elongation. On the other hand, overexpression of Al inducible genes for ROS-detoxifying enzymes such as GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE, PEROXIDASE, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE enhances Al resistance in several plant species. We herein summarize the complex transcriptional regulation of an Al-inducible genes affected by STOP1, phytohormones, and ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ayan Sadhukhan
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
| | | | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
| | - Sanjib K. Panda
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
- Faculty of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam UniversitySilchar, India
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu UniversityGifu, Japan
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Liu W, Xiong C, Yan L, Zhang Z, Ma L, Wang Y, Liu Y, Liu Z. Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Candidate Genes Potentially Involved in Al Stress Response in Alfalfa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:26. [PMID: 28217130 PMCID: PMC5290290 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa is the most extensively cultivated forage legume, yet most alfalfa cultivars are not aluminum tolerant, and the molecular mechanisms underlying alfalfa responses to Al stress are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to understand how alfalfa responds to Al stress by identifying and analyzing Al-stress-responsive genes in alfalfa roots at the whole-genome scale. The transcriptome changes in alfalfa roots under Al stress for 4, 8, or 24 h were analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing platforms. A total of 2464 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and most were up-regulated at early (4 h) and/or late (24 h) Al exposure time points rather than at the middle exposure time point (8 h). Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the DEGs involved in ribosome, protein biosynthesis, and process, the citrate cycle, membrane transport, and hormonal regulation were preferentially enriched and regulated. Biosynthesis inhibition and signal transduction downstream of auxin- and ethylene-mediated signals occur during alfalfa responses to root growth inhibition. The internal Al detoxification mechanisms play important roles in alfalfa roots under Al stress. These findings provide valuable information for identifying and characterizing important components in the Al signaling network in alfalfa and enhance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying alfalfa responses to Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Conghui Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), School of Earth Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Longfeng Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Zhengshe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Lichao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou, China
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33
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Chen H, Zhang Q, Cai H, Xu F. Ethylene Mediates Alkaline-Induced Rice Growth Inhibition by Negatively Regulating Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase Activity in Roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1839. [PMID: 29114258 PMCID: PMC5660857 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
pH is an important factor regulating plant growth. Here, we found that rice was better adapted to low pH than alkaline conditions, as its growth was severely inhibited at high pH, with shorter root length and an extreme biomass reduction. Under alkaline stress, the expression of genes for ethylene biosynthesis enzymes in rice roots was strongly induced by high pH and exogenous ethylene precursor ACC and ethylene overproduction in etol1-1 mutant aggravated the alkaline stress-mediated inhibition of rice growth, especially for the root elongation with decreased cell length in root apical regions. Conversely, the ethylene perception antagonist silver (Ag+) and ein2-1 mutants could partly alleviate the alkaline-induced root elongation inhibition. The H+-ATPase activity was extremely inhibited by alkaline stress and exogenous ACC. However, the H+-ATPase-mediated rhizosphere acidification was enhanced by exogenous Ag+, while H+ efflux on the root surface was extremely inhibited by exogenous ACC, suggesting that ethylene negatively regulated H+-ATPase activity under high-pH stress. Our results demonstrate that H+-ATPase is involved in ethylene-mediated inhibition of rice growth under alkaline stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongmei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Fangsen Xu,
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34
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Kopittke PM. Role of phytohormones in aluminium rhizotoxicity. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2319-28. [PMID: 27352002 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Elevated concentrations of soluble aluminium (Al) reduce root growth in acid soils, but much remains unknown regarding the toxicity of this Al as well as the mechanisms by which plants respond. This review examines changes in phytohormones in Al-stressed plants. Al often results in a rapid 'burst' of ethylene in root apical tissues within 15-30 min, with this regulating an increase in auxin. This production of ethylene and auxin seems to be a component of a plant-response to toxic Al, resulting in cell wall modification or regulation of organic acid release. There is also evidence of a role of auxin in the expression of Al toxicity itself, with Al decreasing basipetal transport of auxin, thereby potentially decreasing wall loosening as required for elongation. Increasingly, changes in abscisic acid in root apices also seem to be involved in plant-responses to toxic Al. Changes in cytokinins, gibberellins and jasmonates following exposure to Al are also examined, although little information is available. Finally, although not a phytohormone, concentrations of nitric oxide change rapidly in Al-exposed tissues. The information presented in this review will assist in focusing future research efforts in examining the importance of phytohormones in plant tissues exposed to toxic levels of Al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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35
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Liu G, Gao S, Tian H, Wu W, Robert HS, Ding Z. Local Transcriptional Control of YUCCA Regulates Auxin Promoted Root-Growth Inhibition in Response to Aluminium Stress in Arabidopsis. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006360. [PMID: 27716807 PMCID: PMC5065128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is necessary for the inhibition of root growth induced by aluminium (Al) stress, however the molecular mechanism controlling this is largely unknown. Here, we report that YUCCA (YUC), which encodes flavin monooxygenase-like proteins, regulates local auxin biosynthesis in the root apex transition zone (TZ) in response to Al stress. Al stress up-regulates YUC3/5/7/8/9 in the root-apex TZ, which we show results in the accumulation of auxin in the root-apex TZ and root-growth inhibition during the Al stress response. These Al-dependent changes in the regulation of YUCs in the root-apex TZ and YUC-regulated root growth inhibition are dependent on ethylene signalling. Increasing or disruption of ethylene signalling caused either enhanced or reduced up-regulation, respectively, of YUCs in root-apex TZ in response to Al stress. In addition, ethylene enhanced root growth inhibition under Al stress was strongly alleviated in yuc mutants or by co-treatment with yucasin, an inhibitor of YUC activity, suggesting a downstream role of YUCs in this process. Moreover, ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3) is involved into the direct regulation of YUC9 transcription in this process. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) functions as a transcriptional activator for YUC5/8/9. PIF4 promotes Al-inhibited primary root growth by regulating the local expression of YUCs and auxin signal in the root-apex TZ. The Al-induced expression of PIF4 in root TZ acts downstream of ethylene signalling. Taken together, our results highlight a regulatory cascade for YUCs-regulated local auxin biosynthesis in the root-apex TZ mediating root growth inhibition in response to Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyu Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hélène S. Robert
- Mendel Centre for Genomics and Proteomics of Plants Systems, CEITEC MU—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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36
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Kopittke PM, Menzies NW, Wang P, Blamey FPC. Kinetics and nature of aluminium rhizotoxic effects: a review. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:4451-67. [PMID: 27302129 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acid soils with elevated levels of soluble aluminium (Al) comprise ~40% of the world's arable land, but there remains much uncertainty regarding the mechanisms by which Al is rhizotoxic. This review examines the kinetics of the toxic effects of Al on the root elongation rate (RER), its effects on root tissues, and its location at a subcellular level. Depending upon the concentration and plant species, soluble Al decreases the RER in a median time of 73min, but in as little as 5min in soybean. This is initially due to a decreased rate at which cells expand anisotropically in the elongation zone. Thereafter, rhizodermal and outer cortical cells rupture through decreased cell wall relaxation. It is in this region where most Al accumulates in the apoplast. Subsequently, Al impacts root growth at a subcellular level through adverse effects on the plasma membrane (PM), cytoplasm, and nucleus. At the PM, Al alters permeability, fluidity, and integrity in as little as 0.5h, whilst it also depolarizes the PM and reduces H(+)-ATPase activity. The Al potentially crosses the PM within 0.5h where it is able to bind to the nucleus and inhibit cell division; sequestration within the vacuole is required to reduce the toxic effects of Al within the cytoplasm. This review demonstrates the increasing evidence of the importance of the initial Al-induced inhibition of wall loosening, but there is evidence also of the deleterious effects of Al on other cellular processes which are important for long-term root growth and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Neal W Menzies
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - F Pax C Blamey
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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37
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Singh D, Pal M, Singh CK, Taunk J, Jain P, Chaturvedi AK, Maurya S, Karwa S, Singh R, Tomar RSS, Nongthombam R, Chongtham N, Singh MP. Molecular Scanning and Morpho-Physiological Dissection of Component Mechanism in Lens Species in Response to Aluminium Stress. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160073. [PMID: 27467074 PMCID: PMC4970855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) stress was imposed on 285 lentil genotypes at seedling stage under hydroponics to study its effects on morpho-physiological traits where resistant cultigens and wilds showed minimum reduction in root and shoot length and maximum root re-growth (RRG) after staining. Molecular assortment based on 46 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers clustered the genotypes into 11 groups, where wilds were separated from the cultigens. Genetic diversity and polymorphism information content (PIC) varied between 0.148-0.775 and 0.140-0.739, respectively. Breeding lines which were found to be most resistant (L-7903, L-4602); sensitive cultivars (BM-4, L-4147) and wilds ILWL-185 (resistant), ILWL-436 (sensitive) were grouped into different clusters. These genotypes were also separated on the basis of population structure and Jaccard's similarity index and analysed to study Al resistance mechanism through determination of different attributes like localization of Al and callose, lipid peroxidation, secretion of organic acids and production of antioxidant enzymes. In contrast to sensitive genotypes, in resistant ones most of the Al was localized in the epidermal cells, where its movement to apoplastic region was restricted due to release of citrate and malate. Under acidic field conditions, resistant genotypes produced maximum seed yield/plant as compared to sensitive genotypes at two different locations i.e. Imphal, Manipur, India and Basar, Arunanchal Pradesh, India during 2012-13, 2013-14 and 2014-15. These findings suggest that Al stress adaptation in lentil is through exclusion mechanism and hybridization between the contrasting genotypes from distinct clusters can help in development of resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Madan Pal
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandan Kumar Singh
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Taunk
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sadhana Maurya
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sourabh Karwa
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Ram Sewak Singh Tomar
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rita Nongthombam
- KVK West Siang, ICAR RC for NEH Region, A.P. Centre, Basar, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Chongtham
- KVK Imphal East, Andro, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, India
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38
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Masood A, Khan MIR, Fatma M, Asgher M, Per TS, Khan NA. Involvement of ethylene in gibberellic acid-induced sulfur assimilation, photosynthetic responses, and alleviation of cadmium stress in mustard. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 104:1-10. [PMID: 26998941 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of gibberellic acid (GA) or sulfur (S) in stimulation of photosynthesis is known. However, information on the involvement of ethylene in GA-induced photosynthetic responses and cadmium (Cd) tolerance is lacking. This work shows that ethylene is involved in S-assimilation, photosynthetic responses and alleviation of Cd stress by GA in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). Plants grown with 200 mg Cd kg(-1) soil were less responsive to ethylene despite high ethylene evolution and showed photosynthetic inhibition. Plants receiving 10 μM GA spraying plus 100 mg S kg(-1) soil supplementation exhibited increased S-assimilation and photosynthetic responses under Cd stress. Application of GA plus S decreased oxidative stress of plants grown with Cd and limited stress ethylene formation to the range suitable for promoting sulfur use efficiency (SUE), glutathione (GSH) production and photosynthesis. The role of ethylene in GA-induced S-assimilation and reversal of photosynthetic inhibition by Cd was substantiated by inhibiting ethylene biosynthesis with the use of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). The suppression of S-assimilation and photosynthetic responses by inhibiting ethylene in GA plus S treated plants under Cd stress indicated the involvement of ethylene in GA-induced S-assimilation and Cd stress alleviation. The outcome of the study is important to unravel the interaction between GA and ethylene and their role in Cd tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Masood
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - M Iqbal R Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Mohd Asgher
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Tasir S Per
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
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39
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Sun L, Tian J, Zhang H, Liao H. Phytohormone regulation of root growth triggered by P deficiency or Al toxicity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3655-3664. [PMID: 27190050 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity often coexist and limit plant growth on acid soils. It has been well documented that both P deficiency and Al toxicity alter root growth, including inhibition of primary roots and promotion of lateral roots. This suggests that plants adapt to both stresses through a common regulation pathway. Although an expanding set of results shows that phytohormones play vital roles in controlling root responses to Pi starvation and Al toxicity, it remains largely unknown whether P and Al coordinately regulate root growth through interacting phytohormone biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways. This review provides a summary of recent results concerning the influences of P deficiency and Al toxicity on root growth through the action of phytohormones, most notably auxin and ethylene. The objective is to facilitate increasing insights into complex responses of plants to adverse factors common on acid soils, which can spur development of 'smart' cultivars with better root growth and higher yield on these globally distributed marginal soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sun
- Root Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Root Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Root Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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40
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Kolbert Z. Implication of nitric oxide (NO) in excess element-induced morphogenic responses of the root system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 101:149-161. [PMID: 26895428 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Extremes of metal and non-metal elements in the soils create a stressful environment and plants exposed to sub-lethal abiotic stress conditions show a broad range of morphogenic responses designated as stress-induced morphogenic response (SIMR). Being the first plant organ directly contacting with elevated doses of elements, the root system shows remarkable symptoms and deserves special attention. In the signalling of root SIMR, the involvement of phytohormones (especially auxin) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been earlier suggested. Emerging evidence supports that nitric oxide (NO) and related molecules (reactive nitrogen species, RNS) are integral signals of root system development, and they are active components of heavy metal-induced stress responses as well. Based on these, the main scope of this review is to demonstrate the contribution of NO/RNS to the emergence of excess element-induced root morphogenic responses. The SIMR-like root system of lead-treated Arabidopsis thaliana contained elevated NO levels compared to the root not showing SIMR. In NO-deficient nia1nia2 plants, the degree of selenium-induced root SIMR was, in some characteristics altered compared to the wild-type. Moreover, among the molecular elements of SIMR several potential candidates of NO-dependent S-nitrosylation or tyrosine nitration have been found using computational prediction. The demonstrated literature data together with own experimental results strongly outline that NO/RNS are regulating signals in the development of root SIMR in case of excess metal and non-metal elements. This also reveals a new role of NO in acclimation emphasizing its importance in defence mechanisms against abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary.
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41
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Yu Y, Jin C, Sun C, Wang J, Ye Y, Zhou W, Lu L, Lin X. Inhibition of ethylene production by putrescine alleviates aluminium-induced root inhibition in wheat plants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18888. [PMID: 26744061 PMCID: PMC4705537 DOI: 10.1038/srep18888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of root elongation is one of the most distinct symptoms of aluminium (Al) toxicity. Although putrescine (Put) has been identified as an important signaling molecule involved in Al tolerance, it is yet unknown how Put mitigates Al-induced root inhibition. Here, the possible mechanism was investigated by using two wheat genotypes differing in Al resistance: Al-tolerant Xi Aimai-1 and Al-sensitive Yangmai-5. Aluminium caused more root inhibition in Yangmai-5 and increased ethylene production at the root apices compared to Xi Aimai-1, whereas the effects were significantly reversed by ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors. The simultaneous exposure of wheat seedlings to Al and ethylene donor, ethephon, or ethylene biosynthesis precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), increased ethylene production and aggravated root inhibition, which was more pronounced in Xi Aimai-1. In contrast, Put treatment decreased ethylene production and alleviated Al-induced root inhibition in both genotypes, and the effects were more conspicuous in Yangmai-5. Furthermore, our results indicated that Al-induced ethylene production was mediated by ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase, and that Put decreased ethylene production by inhibiting ACS. Altogether, these findings indicate that ethylene is involved in Al-induced root inhibition and this process could be alleviated by Put through inhibiting ACS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chongwei Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | | | - Yiquan Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiwei Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Keunen E, Schellingen K, Vangronsveld J, Cuypers A. Ethylene and Metal Stress: Small Molecule, Big Impact. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:23. [PMID: 26870052 PMCID: PMC4735362 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone ethylene is known to mediate a diverse array of signaling processes during abiotic stress in plants. Whereas many reports have demonstrated enhanced ethylene production in metal-exposed plants, the underlying molecular mechanisms are only recently investigated. Increasing evidence supports a role for ethylene in the regulation of plant metal stress responses. Moreover, crosstalk appears to exist between ethylene and the cellular redox balance, nutrients and other phytohormones. This review highlights our current understanding of the key role ethylene plays during responses to metal exposure. Moreover, particular attention is paid to the integration of ethylene within the broad network of plant responses to metal stress.
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Bai Y, Dougherty L, Cheng L, Zhong GY, Xu K. Uncovering co-expression gene network modules regulating fruit acidity in diverse apples. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:612. [PMID: 26276125 PMCID: PMC4537561 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1816-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acidity is a major contributor to fruit quality. Several organic acids are present in apple fruit, but malic acid is predominant and determines fruit acidity. The trait is largely controlled by the Malic acid (Ma) locus, underpinning which Ma1 that putatively encodes a vacuolar aluminum-activated malate transporter1 (ALMT1)-like protein is a strong candidate gene. We hypothesize that fruit acidity is governed by a gene network in which Ma1 is key member. The goal of this study is to identify the gene network and the potential mechanisms through which the network operates. Results Guided by Ma1, we analyzed the transcriptomes of mature fruit of contrasting acidity from six apple accessions of genotype Ma_ (MaMa or Mama) and four of mama using RNA-seq and identified 1301 fruit acidity associated genes, among which 18 were most significant acidity genes (MSAGs). Network inferring using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed five co-expression gene network modules of significant (P < 0.001) correlation with malate. Of these, the Ma1 containing module (Turquoise) of 336 genes showed the highest correlation (0.79). We also identified 12 intramodular hub genes from each of the five modules and 18 enriched gene ontology (GO) terms and MapMan sub-bines, including two GO terms (GO:0015979 and GO:0009765) and two MapMap sub-bins (1.3.4 and 1.1.1.1) related to photosynthesis in module Turquoise. Using Lemon-Tree algorithms, we identified 12 regulator genes of probabilistic scores 35.5–81.0, including MDP0000525602 (a LLR receptor kinase), MDP0000319170 (an IQD2-like CaM binding protein) and MDP0000190273 (an EIN3-like transcription factor) of greater interest for being one of the 18 MSAGs or one of the 12 intramodular hub genes in Turquoise, and/or a regulator to the cluster containing Ma1. Conclusions The most relevant finding of this study is the identification of the MSAGs, intramodular hub genes, enriched photosynthesis related processes, and regulator genes in a WGCNA module Turquoise that not only encompasses Ma1 but also shows the highest modular correlation with acidity. Overall, this study provides important insight into the Ma1-mediated gene network controlling acidity in mature apple fruit of diverse genetic background. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1816-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.
| | - Laura Dougherty
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Gan-Yuan Zhong
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic resource and Grape Genetic Research Units, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.
| | - Kenong Xu
- Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY, 14456, USA.
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Matsumoto H, Riechers DE, Lygin AV, Baluška F, Sivaguru M. Aluminum Signaling and Potential Links with Safener-Induced Detoxification in Plants. ALUMINUM STRESS ADAPTATION IN PLANTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19968-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Yang ZB, Geng X, He C, Zhang F, Wang R, Horst WJ, Ding Z. TAA1-regulated local auxin biosynthesis in the root-apex transition zone mediates the aluminum-induced inhibition of root growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2889-904. [PMID: 25052716 PMCID: PMC4145121 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The transition zone (TZ) of the root apex is the perception site of Al toxicity. Here, we show that exposure of Arabidopsis thaliana roots to Al induces a localized enhancement of auxin signaling in the root-apex TZ that is dependent on TAA1, which encodes a Trp aminotransferase and regulates auxin biosynthesis. TAA1 is specifically upregulated in the root-apex TZ in response to Al treatment, thus mediating local auxin biosynthesis and inhibition of root growth. The TAA1-regulated local auxin biosynthesis in the root-apex TZ in response to Al stress is dependent on ethylene, as revealed by manipulating ethylene homeostasis via the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, the inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis aminoethoxyvinylglycine, or mutant analysis. In response to Al stress, ethylene signaling locally upregulates TAA1 expression and thus auxin responses in the TZ and results in auxin-regulated root growth inhibition through a number of auxin response factors (ARFs). In particular, ARF10 and ARF16 are important in the regulation of cell wall modification-related genes. Our study suggests a mechanism underlying how environmental cues affect root growth plasticity through influencing local auxin biosynthesis and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Geng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Walter J Horst
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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Tian Q, Zhang X, Ramesh S, Gilliham M, Tyerman SD, Zhang WH. Ethylene negatively regulates aluminium-induced malate efflux from wheat roots and tobacco cells transformed with TaALMT1. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:2415-26. [PMID: 24668874 PMCID: PMC4036508 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
An important mechanism for Al(3+) tolerance in wheat is exudation of malate anions from the root apex through activation of malate-permeable TaALMT1 channels. Here, the effect of ethylene on Al(3+)-activated efflux of malate was investigated using Al(3+)-tolerant wheat genotype ET8, which has high expression of TaALMT1. Exposure of ET8 plants to Al(3+) enhanced ethylene evolution in root apices. Treatment with the ethylene synthesis precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene gas suppressed Al(3+)-induced malate efflux from root apices, whereas the intracellular malate concentrations in roots were not affected. Malate efflux from root apices was enhanced in the presence of Al(3+) by two antagonists of ethylene biosynthesis, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) and 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). An increase in Al accumulation in root apices was observed when treated with ACC, whereas AVG and AIB suppressed Al accumulation in root apices. Al(3+)-induced inhibition of root elongation was ameliorated by pretreatment with AIB. In addition, ethylene donor (Ethrel) also inhibited Al(3+)-induced malate efflux from tobacco cells transformed with TaALMT1. ACC and the anion-channel blocker niflumate had a similar and non-additive effect on Al-induced malate efflux from root apices. Treatment of ET8 plants with ACC enhanced expression of TaALMT1, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of ethylene on Al-induced malate efflux is unlikely to occur at the transcriptional level. These findings indicate that ethylene may behave as a negative regulator of Al(3+)-induced malate efflux by targeting TaALMT1-mediated malate efflux by an unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Sunita Ramesh
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Wen-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Research Network of Global Change Biology, Beijing Institutes of Life Science, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Nadeem SM, Ahmad M, Zahir ZA, Javaid A, Ashraf M. The role of mycorrhizae and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in improving crop productivity under stressful environments. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:429-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chen M, Cui W, Zhu K, Xie Y, Zhang C, Shen W. Hydrogen-rich water alleviates aluminum-induced inhibition of root elongation in alfalfa via decreasing nitric oxide production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 267:40-7. [PMID: 24413050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the earliest and distinct symptoms of aluminum (Al) toxicity is the inhibition of root elongation. Although hydrogen gas (H2) is recently described as an important bio-regulator in plants, whether and how H2 regulates Al-induced inhibition of root elongation is largely unknown. To address these gaps, hydrogen-rich water (HRW) was used to investigate a physiological role of H2 and its possible molecular mechanism. Individual or simultaneous (in particular) exposure of alfalfa seedlings to Al, or a fresh but not old nitric oxide (NO)-releasing compound sodium nitroprusside (SNP), not only increased NO production, but also led to a significant inhibition of root elongation. Above responses were differentially alleviated by pretreatment with 50% saturation of HRW. The addition of HRW also alleviated the appearance of Al toxicity symptoms, including the improvement of seedling growth and less accumulation of Al. Subsequent results revealed that the removal of NO by the NO scavenger, similar to HRW, could decrease NO production and alleviate Al- or SNP-induced inhibition of root growth. Thus, we proposed that HRW alleviated Al-induced inhibition of alfalfa root elongation by decreasing NO production. Such findings may be applicable to enhance crop yield and improve stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weiti Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaikai Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Cheng W, Zhang L, Jiao C, Su M, Yang T, Zhou L, Peng R, Wang R, Wang C. Hydrogen sulfide alleviates hypoxia-induced root tip death in Pisum sativum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 70:278-86. [PMID: 23800663 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Flooding of soils often results in hypoxic conditions surrounding plant roots, which is a harmful abiotic stress to crops. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly diffusible, gaseous molecule that modulates cell signaling and is involved in hypoxia signaling in animal cells. However, there have been no previous studies of H2S in plant cells in response to hypoxia. The effects of H2S on hypoxia-induced root tip death were studied in pea (Pisum sativum) via analysis of endogenous H2S and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The activities of key enzymes involved in antioxidative and H2S metabolic pathways were determined using spectrophotometric assays. Ethylene was measured by gas chromatography. We found that exogenous H2S pretreatment dramatically alleviated hypoxia-induced root tip death by protecting root tip cell membranes from ROS damage induced by hypoxia and by stimulating a quiescence strategy through inhibiting ethylene production. Conversely, root tip death induced by hypoxia was strongly enhanced by inhibition of the key enzymes responsible for endogenous H2S biosynthesis. Our results demonstrated that exogenous H2S pretreatment significantly alleviates hypoxia-induced root tip death in pea seedlings and, therefore, enhances the tolerance of the plant to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
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Arunakumara KKIU, Walpola BC, Yoon MH. Aluminum toxicity and tolerance mechanism in cereals and legumes — A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-012-2314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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