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Testolin R, Dalmonech D, Marano G, Bagnara M, D'Andrea E, Matteucci G, Noce S, Collalti A. Simulating diverse forest management options in a changing climate on a Pinus nigra subsp. laricio plantation in Southern Italy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159361. [PMID: 36252656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean pine plantations provide several ecosystem services but are vulnerable to climate change. Forest management might play a strategic role in the adaptation of Mediterranean forests, but the joint effect of climate change and diverse management options have seldom been investigated together. Here, we simulated the development of a Laricio pine (Pinus nigra subsp. laricio) stand in the Bonis watershed (southern Italy) from its establishment in 1958 up to 2095 using a state-of-the-science process-based forest model. The model was run under three climate scenarios corresponding to increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration and warming, and six management options with different goals, including wood production and renaturalization. We analysed the effect of climate change on annual carbon fluxes (i.e., gross and net primary production) and stocks (i.e., basal area, standing and harvested carbon woody stocks) of the autotrophic compartment, as well as the impact of different management options compared to a no management baseline. Results show that higher temperatures (+3 to +5 °C) and lower precipitation (-20 % to -22 %) will trigger a decrease in net primary productivity in the second half of the century. Compared to no management, the other options had a moderate effect on carbon fluxes over the whole simulation (between -14 % and +11 %). While standing woody biomass was reduced by thinning interventions and the shelterwood system (between -5 % and -41 %), overall carbon stocks including the harvested wood were maximized (between +41 % and +56 %). Results highlight that management exerts greater effects on the carbon budget of Laricio pine plantations than climate change alone, and that climate change and management are largely independent (i.e., no strong interaction effects). Therefore, appropriate silvicultural strategies might enhance potential carbon stocks and improve forest conditions, with cascading positive effects on the provision of ecosystem services in Mediterranean pine plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Testolin
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy; BIOME Lab., Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Centro Interuniversitario per la Biodiversità Vegetale Big Data - PLANT DATA, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy; LifeWatch, Italy.
| | - Daniela Dalmonech
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy
| | - Gina Marano
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy; Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Bagnara
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiKF), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Ettore D'Andrea
- National Research Council of Italy, Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (CNR-IRET), Via G. Marconi n. 2, 05010 Porano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of BioEconomy (CNR-IBE), via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sergio Noce
- Foundation Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change, Division Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services (CMCC-IAFES), 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Alessio Collalti
- National Research Council of Italy, Forest Modelling Lab., Institute for Agriculture and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean (CNR-ISAFOM), Via Madonna Alta 128, 06128 Perugia, Italy
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Shupe HA, Jensen K, Ludewig K. Adapting a Quercus robur allometric equation to quantify carbon sequestration rates on the Middle Elbe floodplain. MethodsX 2022; 9:101800. [PMID: 35958097 PMCID: PMC9361314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Ota M, Koarashi J. Contamination processes of tree components in Japanese forest ecosystems affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident 137Cs fallout. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 816:151587. [PMID: 34838924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In forests affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, trees became contaminated with 137Cs. However, 137Cs transfer processes determining tree contamination (particularly for stem wood, a prominent commercial resource) remain insufficiently understood. We propose a model for simulating dynamic behavior of 137Cs in a forest tree-litter-soil system and applied it to contaminated forests of cedar plantation and natural oak stand in Fukushima to elucidate relative impact of distinct 137Cs transfer processes determining the tree contamination. The transfer of 137Cs to the trees occurred mostly (>99%) through surface uptake of 137Cs trapped by needles and bark during the fallout. Root uptake of soil 137Cs was several orders of magnitude lower than the surface uptake over a 50-year period following the accident. As a result, internal contamination of the trees proceeded through an enduring recycling (translocation) of 137Cs absorbed on the tree surface. A significant surface uptake of 137Cs through bark was suggested, contributing to 100% (leafless oak tree) and 30% (foliated cedar tree; the remaining uptake occurred at needles) of the total uptake by the trees, although that pathway still needs to be evaluated by experimental evidence. It was suggested that the activity concentration of 137Cs in stem wood of the trees at these sites are currently (as of 2021) decreasing by ~3% per year, mainly through radioactive decay of 137Cs and partly through dilution effect from tree growth. Although further refinement of the model is recommended, for example by including tree species specific 137Cs transportation in stem, these findings provide vital information for planning of forestry reactivation in Fukushima; e.g., removal of forest floor organic layer will not reduce the tree contamination for a long term because of the 137Cs absorption via the tree surface substantially greater than root uptake of 137Cs deposited to the floor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ota
- Research Group for Environmental Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Jun Koarashi
- Research Group for Environmental Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
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Demol M, Calders K, Verbeeck H, Gielen B. Forest above-ground volume assessments with terrestrial laser scanning: a ground-truth validation experiment in temperate, managed forests. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2021; 128:805-819. [PMID: 34472592 PMCID: PMC8557377 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Quantifying the Earth's forest above-ground biomass (AGB) is indispensable for effective climate action and developing forest policy. Yet, current allometric scaling models (ASMs) to estimate AGB suffer several drawbacks related to model selection and uncertainties about calibration data traceability. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) offers a promising non-destructive alternative. Tree volume is reconstructed from TLS point clouds with quantitative structure models (QSMs) and converted to AGB with wood basic density. Earlier studies have found overall TLS-derived forest volume estimates to be accurate, but highlighted problems for reconstructing finer branches. Our objective was to evaluate TLS for estimating tree volumes by comparison with reference volumes and volumes from ASMs. METHODS We quantified the woody volume of 65 trees in Belgium (from 77 to 2800 L; Pinus sylvestris, Fagus sylvatica, Larix decidua, and Fraxinus excelsior) with QSMs and destructive reference measurements. We tested a volume expansion factor (VEF) approach by multiplying the solid and merchantable volume from QSMs by literature VEF values. KEY RESULTS Stem volume was reliably estimated with TLS. Total volume was overestimated by +21 % using original QSMs, by +9 % and -12 % using two sets of VEF-augmented QSMs, and by -7.3 % using best-available ASMs. The most accurate method differed per site, and the prediction errors for each method varied considerably between sites. CONCLUSIONS VEF-augmented QSMs were only slightly better than original QSMs for estimating tree volume for common species in temperate forests. Despite satisfying estimates with ASMs, the model choice was a large source of uncertainty, and species-specific models did not always exist. Therefore, we advocate for further improving tree volume reconstructions with QSMs, especially for fine branches, instead of collecting more ground-truth data to calibrate VEF and allometric models. Promising developments such as improved co-registration and smarter filtering approaches are ongoing to further constrain volumetric errors in TLS-derived estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miro Demol
- CAVElab – Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,Belgium
- PLECO – Plants and Ecosystems, Faculty of Science, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kim Calders
- CAVElab – Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,Belgium
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab – Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Department of Environment, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent,Belgium
| | - Bert Gielen
- PLECO – Plants and Ecosystems, Faculty of Science, Antwerp University, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Jagodziński AM, Dyderski MK, Gęsikiewicz K, Horodecki P. Consequences of different sample drying temperatures for accuracy of biomass inventories in forest ecosystems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16009. [PMID: 32994525 PMCID: PMC7525458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass estimation is one of the crucial tasks of forest ecology. Drying tree material is a crucial stage of preparing biomass estimation tools. However, at this step researchers use different drying temperatures, but we do not know how this influences accuracy of models. We aimed to assess differences in dry biomass between two drying temperatures (75 °C and 105 °C) in tree biomass components and to provide coefficients allowing for recalculation between the given temperatures. We used a set of 1440 samples from bark, branches, foliage and wood of eight European tree species: Abies alba Mill., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Betula pendula Roth., Fagus sylvatica L., Larix decidua Mill., Picea abies (L.) H. Karst., Pinus sylvestris L. and Quercus robur L. The differences between drying temperatures were 1.67%, 1.76%, 2.20% and 0.96% of sample dry masses of bark, branches, foliage and stem wood, respectively. Tree species influenced these differences. Our study provided coefficients allowing for recalculation of masses between the two temperatures, to unify results from different studies. However, the difference in dry mass between the two temperatures studied is lower than the range of uncertainty of biomass models, thus its influence on results of large-scale biomass assessments is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej M Jagodziński
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Marcin K Dyderski
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Kamil Gęsikiewicz
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
| | - Paweł Horodecki
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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Gómez-Armesto A, Méndez-López M, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Fernández-Calviño D, Arias-Estévez M, Nóvoa-Muñoz JC. Litterfall Hg deposition to an oak forest soil from southwestern Europe. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 269:110858. [PMID: 32561026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Litterfall constitutes one of the main vectors for mercury (Hg) transfer to forested ecosystems, so we studied the deposition of Hg through senescent vegetation (oak leaves, twigs and miscellaneous) in a deciduous forest plot of Southwest Europe dominated by Quercus robur in 2015 and 2016. Total Hg concentrations increased in the following order: bole wood (1.4 μg kg-1) < bark (8.3 μg kg-1) < twigs (12.2 μg kg-1) < miscellaneous (36.0 μg kg-1) < oak leaves (39.3 μg kg-1) < mineral soil (42.4 μg kg-1) < Oi horizons (48.7 μg kg-1) < Oe + Oa horizons (71.6 μg kg-1). Mercury accumulation rates in oak leaves during the growing season were 0.15-0.18 μg kg-1 day-1. Mercury deposition fluxes were 26 and 21 μg m-2 yr-1 for 2015 and 2016, respectively, with oak leaves being the fraction that contributed the most. Mercury determination in litterfall sorted biomass fractions lead to a more accurate estimation of the total annual Hg deposition fluxes through litterfall. Higher Hg content was obtained for organic horizons (average of 60.2 μg kg-1) than for mineral soil (mean of 42.4 μg kg-1), but the soil Hg pool was higher in the latter. The results confirmed the necessity of taking into account the Hg pool in the deeper mineral soil layers as they accumulate substantial quantities of Hg associated to organic C and Al compounds, preventing its mobilization to other compartments of the terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gómez-Armesto
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Environmental Technology and Assessment Laboratory, Campus da Auga, Campus of Ourense, University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - M Méndez-López
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Environmental Technology and Assessment Laboratory, Campus da Auga, Campus of Ourense, University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - P Pérez-Rodríguez
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Environmental Technology and Assessment Laboratory, Campus da Auga, Campus of Ourense, University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - D Fernández-Calviño
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Environmental Technology and Assessment Laboratory, Campus da Auga, Campus of Ourense, University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - M Arias-Estévez
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Environmental Technology and Assessment Laboratory, Campus da Auga, Campus of Ourense, University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - J C Nóvoa-Muñoz
- Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencia do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain; Environmental Technology and Assessment Laboratory, Campus da Auga, Campus of Ourense, University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain
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Neumann M, Godbold DL, Hirano Y, Finér L. Improving models of fine root carbon stocks and fluxes in European forests. THE JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2020; 108:496-514. [PMID: 32189723 PMCID: PMC7065197 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots and above-ground litterfall play a pivotal role in carbon dynamics in forests. Nonetheless, direct estimation of stocks of fine roots remains methodologically challenging. Models are thus widely used to estimate these stocks and help elucidate drivers of fine root growth and turnover, at a range of scales.We updated a database of fine root biomass, necromass and production derived from 454 plots across European forests. We then compared fine root biomass and production to estimates obtained from 19 different models. Typical input variables used for the models included climate, net primary production, foliage and above-ground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), latitude and/or land cover type. We tested whether performance could be improved by fitting new multiple regression models, and explored effects of species composition and sampling method on estimated fine root biomass.Average fine root biomass was 332 g/m2, and necromass 379 g/m2, for European forests where the average fine root production was 250 g m-2 year-1. Carbon fraction in fine roots averaged 48.4%, and was 1.5% greater in broadleaved species than conifers.Available models were poor predictors of fine root biomass and production. The best performing models assumed proportionality between above- and below-ground compartments, and used remotely sensed LAI or foliage biomass as key inputs. Model performance was improved by use of multiple regressions, which revealed consistently greater biomass and production in stands dominated by broadleaved species as well as in mixed stands even after accounting for climatic differences. Synthesis. We assessed the potential of existing models to estimate fine root biomass and production in European forests. We show that recalibration reduces by about 40% errors in estimates currently produced by the best available models, and increases three-fold explained variation. Our results underline the quantitative significance of fine roots (live and dead) to the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Neumann
- Institute of SilvicultureUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Douglas L. Godbold
- Institute of Forest EcologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
- Global Change Research CentreAcademy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPragueCzech Republic
| | - Yasuhiro Hirano
- Graduate School of Environmental StudiesNagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Leena Finér
- Natural Resources Institute FinlandJoensuuFinland
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Temporal Evolution of Carbon Stocks, Fluxes and Carbon Balance in Pedunculate oak Chronosequence under Close-To-Nature Forest Management. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10090814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Under current environmental changes, forest management is challenged to foster contrasting benefits from forests, such as continuous wood supply while preserving biomass production, biodiversity conservation, and contribution to climate change mitigation through atmospheric carbon sequestration. Although being found as globally important, estimates of long-term forest C balance are still highly uncertain. In this context, the chronosequence experiments (space-for-time substitution) might fill this gap in even-aged forests, as they represent an approach that enables the assessment of forest net C balance in the long term. In this research, we explored the dynamics of C stocks and fluxes in different forest pools throughout the rotation period (140 years) of a Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) forest in Croatia. For this purpose, we selected a chronosequence that was made up of seven forest stands with different age (5, 13, 38, 53, 68, 108, and 138 years). To address the issues of uncertainty in C balance estimates, we compared net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) estimated while using two different approaches, which we name pool-change (from C stocks) approach and component-flux (from C fluxes) approach. Overall, the pool-change approach showed higher NECB estimate, with the greatest difference being observed in younger stands (< 50 years). Component-flux approach showed significantly higher uncertainty. Throughout the rotation period, managed pedunculate oak stands become a C sink early in their development phase, between the age of 13 and 35 years according to pool-change and component-flux approach, respectively. During the 140 years, oak forest provided 187.2 Mg C ha−1 (604 m3 ha−1) through thinnings and 147.9 Mg C ha−1 (477 m3 ha−1) in the final cut, while preserving, on average, 88.9 Mg C ha−1 in mineral soil down to 40 cm, 18.2 Mg C ha−1 in dead wood, and 6.0 Mg C ha−1 in the forest floor. Soil C stocks in our chronosequence did not show any age-related trend, indicating that current management practice has no negative effect on soil C stocks. Finally, under current close-to-nature forest management, Pedunculate oak forest showed to be sustainable in providing both economic and ecological ecosystem services.
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Timber and Branch Volume Prediction: Effects of Stand and Site Characteristics on Dendromass and Timber-To-Branch Volume Ratio of Norway Spruce in Managed Forests. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop the models that predict both timber and branch volumes of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.), the most abundant tree species in Europe, and determine the relationships among timber and branch volumes and various site and stand characteristics. The data used in this study come from 76 sample plots in the different stands and site conditions across Norway spruce forests in the Czech Republic. Timber volume was determined by Huber’s formula and branch volume (logging residue) was determined by drying and weighing of 10 samples from the 10-chipped trees on each sample plot, meaning that a total of 760 samples were analyzed. The results showed that timber volume was significantly positively correlated with branch volume, mean diameter at breast height (mean DBH) per sample plot, mean height per sample plot, slope of sample plot, and stand age, but negatively correlated with stand stocking. The branch volume was more significantly affected by stand stocking than timber volume. The timber-to-branch volume ratio (TBR) reached the mean value of 3.7 (±0.14 SE) and significantly increased with increasing elevation. The trees on the nutrient-rich sites were characterized by higher branch volume, while TBR reached higher values on the acid sites. Site quality class had a significant effect only on the branch volume production. Compared to the timber volume (root mean square error, RMSE = 3.6176; adjusted coefficient of determination, R2adj = 0.7310), the branch volume was relatively poorly described by the model (RMSE = 1.928; R2adj = 0.2517). The volume prediction models show that timber volumes increase with increasing slope and branch volume increases with decreasing site quality class. For effective forest management practice, the highest branch volume in favor of timber production is characterized for lowland forests with stand stocking ≤60% (TBR 1.5), while the highest share of timber volume (TBR 9.5) can be reached in the mountains with a full stand stocking.
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Wiesner S, Staudhammer CL, Loescher HW, Baron-Lopez A, Boring LR, Mitchell RJ, Starr G. Interactions Among Abiotic Drivers, Disturbance and Gross Ecosystem Carbon Exchange on Soil Respiration from Subtropical Pine Savannas. Ecosystems 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-018-0246-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jagodzinski AM, Ziółkowski J, Warnkowska A, Prais H. Tree Age Effects on Fine Root Biomass and Morphology over Chronosequences of Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur and Alnus glutinosa Stands. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148668. [PMID: 26859755 PMCID: PMC4747558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are few data on fine root biomass and morphology change in relation to stand age. Based on chronosequences for beech (9–140 years old), oak (11–140 years) and alder (4–76 years old) we aimed to examine how stand age affects fine root biomass and morphology. Soil cores from depths of 0–15 cm and 16–30 cm were used for the study. In contrast to previously published studies that suggested that maximum fine root biomass is reached at the canopy closure stage of stand development, we found almost linear increases of fine root biomass over stand age within the chronosequences. We did not observe any fine root biomass peak in the canopy closure stage. However, we found statistically significant increases of mean fine root biomass for the average individual tree in each chronosequence. Mean fine root biomass (0–30 cm) differed significantly among tree species chronosequences studied and was 4.32 Mg ha-1, 3.71 Mg ha-1 and 1.53 Mg ha-1, for beech, oak and alder stands, respectively. The highest fine root length, surface area, volume and number of fine root tips (0–30 cm soil depth), expressed on a stand area basis, occurred in beech stands, with medium values for oak stands and the lowest for alder stands. In the alder chronosequence all these values increased with stand age, in the beech chronosequence they decreased and in the oak chronosequence they increased until ca. 50 year old stands and then reached steady-state. Our study has proved statistically significant negative relationships between stand age and specific root length (SRL) in 0–30 cm soil depth for beech and oak chronosequences. Mean SRLs for each chronosequence were not significantly different among species for either soil depth studied. The results of this study indicate high fine root plasticity. Although only limited datasets are currently available, these data have provided valuable insight into fine root biomass and morphology of beech, oak and alder stands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej M. Jagodzinski
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Dendrology, Parkowa 5, PL-62-035 Kórnik, Poland
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Wojska Polskiego 71c, PL-60-625 Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Jędrzej Ziółkowski
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Wojska Polskiego 71c, PL-60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Warnkowska
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Wojska Polskiego 71c, PL-60-625 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hubert Prais
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Game Management and Forest Protection, Wojska Polskiego 71c, PL-60-625 Poznań, Poland
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Simulation of CO2 Fluxes in European Forest Ecosystems with the Coupled Soil-Vegetation Process Model “LandscapeDNDC”. FORESTS 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/f6061779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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The Carbon Cycle of a Maritime Ancient Temperate Broadleaved Woodland at Seasonal and Annual Scales. Ecosystems 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-014-9793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Augusto L, De Schrijver A, Vesterdal L, Smolander A, Prescott C, Ranger J. Influences of evergreen gymnosperm and deciduous angiosperm tree species on the functioning of temperate and boreal forests. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:444-66. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Augusto
- UMR 1391 ISPA, INRA, Bordeaux Sciences Agro; Villenave d'Ornon 33883 France
| | - An De Schrijver
- Forest & Nature Lab; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University; Geraardsbergse Steenweg 267 9090 Gontrode (Melle) Belgium
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management; University of Copenhagen; Rolighedsvej 23 DK-1958 Frederiksberg C Denmark
| | - Aino Smolander
- Vantaa Research Department, Finnish Forest Research Institute; PO Box 18 FI-01301 Vantaa Finland
| | - Cindy Prescott
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry; University of British Columbia; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Jacques Ranger
- Biogéochimie des écosystèmes forestiers; INRA; Centre de Nancy 54280 Champenoux France
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Babst F, Bouriaud O, Papale D, Gielen B, Janssens IA, Nikinmaa E, Ibrom A, Wu J, Bernhofer C, Köstner B, Grünwald T, Seufert G, Ciais P, Frank D. Above-ground woody carbon sequestration measured from tree rings is coherent with net ecosystem productivity at five eddy-covariance sites. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 201:1289-1303. [PMID: 24206564 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
• Attempts to combine biometric and eddy-covariance (EC) quantifications of carbon allocation to different storage pools in forests have been inconsistent and variably successful in the past. • We assessed above-ground biomass changes at five long-term EC forest stations based on tree-ring width and wood density measurements, together with multiple allometric models. Measurements were validated with site-specific biomass estimates and compared with the sum of monthly CO₂ fluxes between 1997 and 2009. • Biometric measurements and seasonal net ecosystem productivity (NEP) proved largely compatible and suggested that carbon sequestered between January and July is mainly used for volume increase, whereas that taken up between August and September supports a combination of cell wall thickening and storage. The inter-annual variability in above-ground woody carbon uptake was significantly linked with wood production at the sites, ranging between 110 and 370 g C m(-2) yr(-1) , thereby accounting for 10-25% of gross primary productivity (GPP), 15-32% of terrestrial ecosystem respiration (TER) and 25-80% of NEP. • The observed seasonal partitioning of carbon used to support different wood formation processes refines our knowledge on the dynamics and magnitude of carbon allocation in forests across the major European climatic zones. It may thus contribute, for example, to improved vegetation model parameterization and provides an enhanced framework to link tree-ring parameters with EC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flurin Babst
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, 1215 E Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Olivier Bouriaud
- Forest Research and Management Institute ICAS, Sos. Stefanesti 128, O77190, Voluntari, Romania
| | - Dario Papale
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Bert Gielen
- University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eero Nikinmaa
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 9, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Ibrom
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Frederiksborgvej 399, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Christian Bernhofer
- Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Strasse 23, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Barbara Köstner
- Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Strasse 23, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Thomas Grünwald
- Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Strasse 23, 01737, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Günther Seufert
- EC-JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Frank
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change, Zähringerstr. 25, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
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16
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Berhongaray G, Janssens IA, King JS, Ceulemans R. Fine root biomass and turnover of two fast-growing poplar genotypes in a short-rotation coppice culture. PLANT AND SOIL 2013; 373:269-283. [PMID: 25834288 PMCID: PMC4372833 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-013-1778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The quantification of root dynamics remains a major challenge in ecological research because root sampling is laborious and prone to error due to unavoidable disturbance of the delicate soil-root interface. The objective of the present study was to quantify the distribution of the biomass and turnover of roots of poplars (Populus) and associated understory vegetation during the second growing season of a high-density short rotation coppice culture. METHODS Roots were manually picked from soil samples collected with a soil core from narrow (75 cm apart) and wide rows (150 cm apart) of the double-row planting system from two genetically contrasting poplar genotypes. Several methods of estimating root production and turnover were compared. RESULTS Poplar fine root biomass was higher in the narrow rows than in the wide rows. In spite of genetic differences in above-ground biomass, annual fine root productivity was similar for both genotypes (ca. 44 g DM m-2 year-1). Weed root biomass was equally distributed over the ground surface, and root productivity was more than two times higher compared to poplar fine roots (ca. 109 g DM m-2 year-1). CONCLUSIONS Early in SRC plantation development, weeds result in significant root competition to the crop tree poplars, but may confer certain ecosystem services such as carbon input to soil and retention of available soil N until the trees fully occupy the site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Berhongaray
- Department of Biology, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - I. A. Janssens
- Department of Biology, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - J. S. King
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - R. Ceulemans
- Department of Biology, Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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17
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Improved ecological network analysis for environmental sustainability assessment; a case study on a forest ecosystem. Ecol Modell 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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André F, Jonard M, Ponette Q. Biomass and nutrient content of sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stem and branches in a mixed stand in southern Belgium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:2285-2294. [PMID: 20231032 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 02/21/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accurate estimates of the amounts of nutrients immobilised in the organs and tissues of different tree species are of prime importance to make appropriate tree species selection and determine the harvesting regime that will ensure forest sustainability. Sixteen sessile oaks (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) (64-129years; stem diameters: 17-57cm) and twelve beeches (Fagus sylvatica L.) (43-86years; stem diameters: 9-50cm) were destructively sampled from a mixed stand located on an acid brown soil in southern Belgium. Statistical models were developed to investigate the differences in nutrient concentrations between tree species, between aboveground tree compartments of the same species, and between tissues of the same compartment. For stem tissues, vertical concentration profiles were described using a versatile equation. Allometric equations were used to predict biomass and nutrient content of tree compartments based on tree dimensions. Broadly speaking, nutrient concentrations tended to be somewhat higher for oak compared with beech, but the amplitude and the direction of inter-species differences varied greatly, depending on the nutrient and the tree compartment. For both species, living branch nutrient concentrations tended to decrease with increasing branch diameter, except for Ca (oak) and Mg (beech). Nutrient concentrations were consistently higher in bark than in wood; this difference between tissues was quite pronounced for Ca, particularly in the case of oak. The biomass and nutrient content equations were used to investigate the effects of tree species and harvesting regime on nutrient exports at harvesting. For equivalent harvesting scenarios, beech was found to induce higher Mg exports than oak, and inversely for Ca. Assuming stand clear cutting, complete tree harvesting would increase average nutrient exports from 65% (Ca) to 162% (P) compared with a stem-only harvesting scenario. These results provide valuable information in the current context of the more intensive utilization of forest products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric André
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth and Life Institute, Croix du sud 2/009 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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19
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Genet H, Bréda N, Dufrêne E. Age-related variation in carbon allocation at tree and stand scales in beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) using a chronosequence approach. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 30:177-192. [PMID: 20018984 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Two types of physiological mechanisms can contribute to growth decline with age: (i) the mechanisms leading to the reduction of carbon assimilation (input) and (ii) those leading to modification of the resource economy. Surprisingly, the processes relating to carbon allocation have been little investigated as compared to research on the processes governing carbon assimilation. The objective of this paper was thus to test the hypothesis that growth decrease related to age is accompanied by changes in carbon allocation to the benefit of storage and reproductive functions in two contrasting broad-leaved species: beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.). Age-related changes in carbon allocation were studied using a chronosequence approach. Chronosequences, each consisting of several even-aged stands ranging from 14 to 175 years old for beech and from 30 to 134 years old for sessile oak, were divided into five or six age classes. In this study, carbon allocations to growth, storage and reproduction were defined as the relative amount of carbon invested in biomass increment, carbohydrate increment and seed production, respectively. Tree-ring width and allometric relationships were used to assess biomass increment at the tree and stand scales. Below-ground biomass was assessed using a specific allometric relationship between root:shoot ratio and age, established from the literature review. Seasonal variations of carbohydrate concentrations were used to assess carbon allocation to storage. Reproduction effort was quantified for beech stands by collecting seed and cupule production. Age-related flagging of biomass productivity was assessed at the tree and stand scales, and carbohydrate quantities in trees increased with age for both species. Seed and cupule production increased with stand age in beech from 56 gC m(-)(2) year(-1) at 30 years old to 129 gC m(-2) year(-1) at 138 years old. In beech, carbon allocation to storage and reproductive functions increased with age to the detriment of carbon allocation to growth functions. In contrast, the carbon balance between growth and storage remained constant between age classes in sessile oak. The contrasting age-related changes in carbon allocation between beech and sessile oak are discussed with reference to the differences in growing environment, phenology and hydraulic properties of ring-porous and diffuse-porous species.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Genet
- UMR INRA UHP 1137 Forest Ecology and Ecophysiology Unit, F-54 280 Champenoux, France
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Deckmyn G, Verbeeck H, Op de Beeck M, Vansteenkiste D, Steppe K, Ceulemans R. ANAFORE: A stand-scale process-based forest model that includes wood tissue development and labile carbon storage in trees. Ecol Modell 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2008.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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