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Mahmud K, Weitz H, H. Kritzler U, Burslem DFRP. External aluminium supply regulates photosynthesis and carbon partitioning in the Al-accumulating tropical shrub Melastoma malabathricum. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297686. [PMID: 38507439 PMCID: PMC10954143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aluminium (Al) is toxic to most plants, but recent research has suggested that Al addition may stimulate growth and nutrient uptake in some species capable of accumulating high tissue Al concentrations. The physiological basis of this growth response is unknown, but it may be associated with processes linked to the regulation of carbon assimilation and partitioning by Al supply. To test alternative hypotheses for the physiological mechanism explaining this response, we examined the effects of increasing Al concentrations in the growth medium on tissue nutrient concentrations and carbon assimilation in two populations of the Al-accumulator Melastoma malabathricum. Compared to seedlings grown in a control nutrient solution containing no Al, mean rates of photosynthesis and respiration increased by 46% and 27%, respectively, total non-structural carbohydrate concentrations increased by 45%, and lignin concentration in roots decreased by 26% when seedlings were grown in a nutrient solution containing 2.0 mM Al. The concentrations of P, Ca and Mg in leaves and stems increased by 31%, 22%, and 26%, respectively, in response to an increase in nutrient solution Al concentration from 0 to 2.0 mM. Elemental concentrations in roots increased for P (114%), Mg (61%) and K (5%) in response to this increase in Al concentration in the nutrient solution. Plants derived from an inherently faster-growing population had a greater relative increase in final dry mass, net photosynthetic and respiration rates and total non-structural carbohydrate concentrations in response to higher external Al supply. We conclude that growth stimulation by Al supply is associated with increases in photosynthetic and respiration rates and enhanced production of non-structural carbohydrates that are differentially allocated to roots, as well as stimulation of nutrient uptake. These responses suggest that internal carbon assimilation is up-regulated to provide the necessary resources of non-structural carbohydrates for uptake, transport and storage of Al in Melastoma malabathricum. This physiological mechanism has only been recorded previously in one other plant species, Camellia sinensis, which last shared a common ancestor with M. malabathricum more than 120 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khairil Mahmud
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Crop Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Bioscience, Biodiversity Unit, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hedda Weitz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ully H. Kritzler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Florentino AL, Carvalho MEA, Mateus NDS, Ferraz ADV, Rossi ML, Gaziola SA, Azevedo RA, Linhares FS, Lavres J, Gonçalves JLDM. Integrated Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn supply upregulates leaf anatomy and metabolic adjustments in Eucalyptus seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108446. [PMID: 38422579 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Adaptive responses to abiotic stresses such as soil acidity in Eucalyptus-the most widely planted broad-leaf forest genus globally-are poorly understood. This is particularly evident in physiological and anatomical disorders that inhibit plant development and wood quality. We aimed to explore how the supply of Ca and Mg through liming (lime), combined with Cu and Zn fertilization (CZF), influences physiological and anatomical responses during Eucalyptus grandis seedlings growth in tropical acid soil. Therefore, related parameters of leaf area and leaf anatomy, stomatal size, leaf gas exchange, antioxidant system, nutrient partitioning, and biomass allocation responses were monitored. Liming alone in Eucalyptus increased specific leaf area, stomatal density on the abaxial leaf surface, and Ca and Mg content. Also, Eucalyptus exposed only to CZF increased Cu and Zn content. Lime and CZF increased leaf blade and adaxial epidermal thickness, and improved the structural organization of the spongy mesophyll, promoting increased net CO2 assimilation, and stomatal conductance. Fertilization with Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn positively affects plant nutrition, light utilization, photosynthetic rate, and antioxidant performance, improving growth. Our results indicate that lime and CZF induce adaptive responses in the physiological and anatomical adjustments of Eucalyptus plantation, thereby promoting biomass accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leite Florentino
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 134160-000, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcia Eugenia Amaral Carvalho
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nikolas de Souza Mateus
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 134160-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Lanzoni Rossi
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 134160-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Salete Aparecida Gaziola
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Scaglia Linhares
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 134160-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Lavres
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 134160-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves
- Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Noleto-Dias C, Picoli EADT, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA, Tavares JF, Farag MA. Metabolomics characterizes early metabolic changes and markers of tolerant Eucalyptus ssp. clones against drought stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 212:113715. [PMID: 37156433 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
EUCALYPTUS L'Hér. (Myrtaceae) is one of the economically most important and widely cultivated trees for wood crop purposes worldwide. Climatic changes together with the constant need to expand plantations to areas that do not always provide optimal conditions for plant growth highlight the need to assess the impact of abiotic stresses on eucalypt trees. We aimed to unveil the drought effect on the leaf metabolome of commercial clones with differential phenotypic response to this stress. For this, seedlings of 13 clones were grown at well-watered (WW) and water-deficit (WD) conditions and their leaf extracts were subjected to comparative analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). UPLC-MS and NMR analyses led to the annotation of over 100 molecular features of classes such as cyclitols, phenolics, flavonoids, formylated phloroglucinol compounds (FPCs) and fatty acids. Multivariate data analysis was employed for specimens' classifications and markers identification from both platforms. The results obtained in this work allowed us to classify clones differing in drought tolerance. Classification models were validated using an extra subset of samples. Tolerant plants exposed to water deficit accumulated arginine, gallic acid derivatives, caffeic acid and tannins at higher levels. In contrast, stressed drought-sensitive clones were characterised by a significant reduction in glucose, inositol and shikimic acid levels. These changes in contrasting drought response eucalypt pave ways for differential outcomes of tolerant and susceptible phenotypes. Under optimal growth conditions, all clones were rich in FPCs. These results can be used for early screening of tolerant clones and to improve our understanding of the role of these biomarkers in Eucalyptus tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Noleto-Dias
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil; Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Edgard A de T Picoli
- Plant Biology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
| | - Josean F Tavares
- Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products Graduate Program, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Satoh Y, Shigeki W. Organic matter composition regulates residual potential of organic carbon of the seagrass Zostera marina L. during its decomposition process in seawater. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 182:105790. [PMID: 36356376 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although the seagrass Zostera marina L. (Z. marina) is expected to significantly contribute to environmental carbon dynamics, the residual potential of organic carbon (Corg) in this plant during its decomposition process in seawater remains insufficiently understood. In this study, the factors regulating this potential were examined by evaluating Z. marina decomposition in seawater and conducting a multiple regression analysis on data from the experiment as well as the original plant organic matter composition. The residual ratio during the decomposition experiment (RDEC) of carbon in Z. marina for 111 days ranged from 0.30 to 0.84 (n = 16), and the variation resulted from differences in the sampling season of this plant. Regression analysis was conducted to explain the RDEC of carbon using the RDEC of nitrogen, concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, HCl-extractable Corg and nitrogen, contributions of carbohydrate (CCAR) of total and non-structural fractions and lipid (CLIP) to carbon concentration. The RDEC of carbon was most adequately fitted using a multiple regression including three parameters, carbon concentration, CLIP, and CCAR of total carbohydrate with a significant determination coefficient. The former two parameters (carbon concentration and CLIP) have negative coefficients, indicating that these parameters correspond to bacterially available Corg in Z. marina in the regression analysis. The latter parameter (CCAR of total carbohydrate) shows a positive coefficient that indicates recalcitrant Corg in the regression. Parameters related to nitrogen were not included in the regression formula, although this element is reportedly an important parameter regulating the environmental decomposition rate of Corg. Finally, we suggested that total carbon, carbohydrate, and lipid are especially important factors to regulate the environmental residual potential of Z. marina Corg among organic components of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhi Satoh
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), 1-7 Rokkasho, Aomori, 039-3212, Japan.
| | - Wada Shigeki
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka, 422-0015, Japan
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Expression Profiling of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes and Secondary Metabolites Accumulation in Populus under Drought Stress. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26185546. [PMID: 34577017 PMCID: PMC8467073 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are key secondary metabolites that are biologically active and perform diverse functions in plants such as stress defense against abiotic and biotic stress. In addition to its importance, no comprehensive information has been available about the secondary metabolic response of Populus tree, especially the genes that encode key enzymes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis under drought stress. In this study, the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes (PtPAL, Pt4-CL, PtCHS, PtFLS-1, PtF3H, PtDFR, and PtANS) gradually increased in the leaves of hybrid poplar (P. tremula × P. alba), corresponding to the drought stress duration. In addition, the activity and capacity of antioxidants have also increased, which is positively correlated with the increment of phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid compounds under drought stress. As the drought stress prolonged, the level of reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (O2−) too increased. The concentration of phytohormone salicylic acid (SA) also increased significantly in the stressed poplar leaves. Our research concluded that drought stress significantly induced the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes in hybrid poplar plants and enhanced the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds with resilient antioxidant activity.
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Physiological and Biochemical Characterization of the GABA Shunt Pathway in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seedlings under Drought Stress. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7060125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The physiological and biochemical role of the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) shunt pathway in green pea seedlings (Pisum sativum L.) was studied in response to soil water holding capacity levels: 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 10% grown under continuous light at 25 °C for 7 days and 14 days, separately. Characterization of seeds germination pattern, seedlings growth (plant height, fresh and dry weight, and chlorophyll contents), GABA shunt metabolite (GABA, glutamate, and alanine) levels, total protein and carbohydrate levels, and oxidative damage (MDA level) were examined. Data showed a significant effect of drought stress on seed germination, plant growth, GABA shunt metabolites level, total protein and carbohydrate contents, and MDA level. A significant decline in seed germination percentage was recorded at a 20% drought level, which indicated that 20% of soil water holding capacity is the threshold value of water availability for normal germination after 14 days. Seedling fresh weight, dry weight, and plant height were significantly reduced with a positive correlation as water availability was decreased. There was a significant decrease with a positive correlation in Chl a and Chl b contents in response to 7 days and 14 days of drought. GABA shunt metabolites were significantly increased with a negative correlation as water availability decreased. Pea seedlings showed a significant increase in protein content as drought stress was increased. Total carbohydrate levels increased significantly when the amount of water availability decreased. MDA content increased slightly but significantly after 7 days and sharply after 14 days under all water stress levels. The maximum increase in MDA content was observed at 20% and 10% water levels. Overall, the significant increases in GABA, protein and carbohydrate contents were to cope with the physiological impact of drought stress on Pisum sativum L. seedlings by maintaining cellular osmotic adjustment, protecting plants from oxidative stress, balancing carbon and nitrogen (C:N) metabolism, and maintaining cell metabolic homeostasis and cell turgor. The results presented in this study indicated that severe (less than 40% water content of the holding capacity) and long-term drought stress should be avoided during the germination stage to ensure proper seedling growth and metabolism in Pisum sativum L.
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de Ávila Silva L, Omena-Garcia RP, Condori-Apfata JA, Costa PMDA, Silva NM, DaMatta FM, Zsögön A, Araújo WL, de Toledo Picoli EA, Sulpice R, Nunes-Nesi A. Specific leaf area is modulated by nitrogen via changes in primary metabolism and parenchymal thickness in pepper. PLANTA 2021; 253:16. [PMID: 33392753 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen promotes changes in SLA through metabolism and anatomical traits in Capsicum plants. Specific leaf area (SLA) is a key trait influencing light interception and light use efficiency that often impacts plant growth and production. SLA is a key trait explaining growth variations of plant species under different environments. Both light and nitrogen (N) supply are important determinants of SLA. To better understand the effect of irradiance level and N on SLA in Capsicum chinense, we evaluated primary metabolites and morphological traits of two commercial cultivars (Biquinho and Habanero) in response to changes in both parameters. Both genotypes showed increased SLA with shading, and a decrease in SLA in response to increased N supply, however, with Habanero showing a stable SLA in the range of N deficiency to sufficient N doses. Correlation analyses indicated that decreased SLA in response to higher N supply was mediated by altered amino acids, protein, and starch levels, influencing leaf density. Moreover, in the range of moderate N deficiency to N sufficiency, both genotypes exhibited differences in SLA response, with Biquinho and Habanero displaying alterations on palisade and spongy parenchyma, respectively. Altogether, the results suggest that SLA responses to N supply are modulated by the balance between certain metabolites content and genotype-dependent changes in the parenchyma cells influencing leaf thickness and density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas de Ávila Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Rebeca P Omena-Garcia
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jorge A Condori-Apfata
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Machado Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fábio M DaMatta
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Agustin Zsögön
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Edgard A de Toledo Picoli
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, National University of Ireland, Ryan Institute, Galway, Ireland
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Mateus NDS, Florentino AL, Santos EF, Ferraz ADV, Goncalves JLDM, Lavres J. Partial Substitution of K by Na Alleviates Drought Stress and Increases Water Use Efficiency in Eucalyptus Species Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:632342. [PMID: 33790923 PMCID: PMC8005639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.632342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus, the most widely planted tree genus worldwide, is frequently cultivated in soils with low water and nutrient availability. Sodium (Na) can substitute some physiological functions of potassium (K), directly influencing plants' water status. However, the extent to which K can be replaced by Na in drought conditions remains poorly understood. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with three Eucalyptus genotypes under two water conditions (well-watered and water-stressed) and five combination rates of K and Na, representing substitutions of 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and 100/0 (percentage of Na/percentage of K), to investigate growth and photosynthesis-related parameters. This study focused on the positive effects of Na supply since, depending on the levels applied, the Na supply may induce plants to salinity stress (>100 mM of NaCl). Plants supplied with low to intermediate K replacement by Na reduced the critical level of K without showing symptoms of K deficiency and provided higher total dry matter (TDM) than those Eucalyptus seedlings supplied only with K in both water conditions. Those plants supplied with low to intermediate K replacement by Na had improved CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal density (Std), K use efficiency (UE K ), and water use efficiency (WUE), in addition to reduced leaf water potential (Ψw) and maintenance of leaf turgidity, with the stomata partially closed, indicated by the higher values of leaf carbon isotope composition (δ13C‰). Meanwhile, combination rates higher than 50% of K replacement by Na led to K-deficient plants, characterized by the lower values of TDM, δ13C‰, WUE, and leaf K concentration and higher leaf Na concentration. There was positive evidence of partial replacement of K by Na in Eucalyptus seedlings; meanwhile, the ideal percentage of substitution increased according to the drought tolerance of the species (Eucalyptus saligna < Eucalyptus urophylla < Eucalyptus camaldulensis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas de Souza Mateus
- Stable Isotope Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Nikolas de Souza Mateus,
| | - Antônio Leite Florentino
- Applied Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Leonardo de Moraes Goncalves
- Applied Ecology Laboratory, Department of Forest Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - José Lavres
- Stable Isotope Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Duangngam O, Desalme D, Thaler P, Kasemsap P, Sathornkich J, Satakhun D, Chayawat C, Angeli N, Chantuma P, Epron D. In situ 13CO2 labelling of rubber trees reveals a seasonal shift in the contribution of the carbon sources involved in latex regeneration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2028-2039. [PMID: 32211864 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) are the main source of natural rubber, extracted from latex, which exudes from the trunk after tapping. Tapped trees require large amounts of carbon (C) to regenerate the latex after its collection. Knowing the contribution of C sources involved in latex biosynthesis will help in understanding how rubber trees face this additional C demand. Whole crown 13CO2 pulse labelling was performed on 4-year-old rubber trees in June, when latex production was low, and in October, when it was high. 13C content was quantified in the foliage, phloem sap, wood, and latex. In both labelling periods, 13C was recovered in latex just after labelling, indicating that part of the carbohydrate was directly allocated to latex. However, significant amounts of 13C were still recovered in latex after 100 d and the peak was reached significantly later than in phloem sap, demonstrating the contribution of a reserve pool as a source of latex C. The contribution of new photosynthates to latex regeneration was faster and higher when latex metabolism was well established, in October, than in June. An improved understanding of C dynamics and the source-sink relationship in rubber tree is crucial to adapt tapping system practices and ensure sustainable latex production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornuma Duangngam
- Kasetsart University, Center of Thai-French Cooperation on Higher Education and Research, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kasetsart University, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dorine Desalme
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Philippe Thaler
- CIRAD, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR Eco&Sols, Montpellier, France
| | - Poonpipope Kasemsap
- Kasetsart University, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jate Sathornkich
- Kasetsart University, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Satakhun
- Kasetsart University, Center of Thai-French Cooperation on Higher Education and Research, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chompunut Chayawat
- Kasetsart University, Center of Thai-French Cooperation on Higher Education and Research, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nicolas Angeli
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Pisamai Chantuma
- Chachoengsao Rubber Research Center, Rubber Authority of Thailand, Sanam Chaiket, Thailand
| | - Daniel Epron
- Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
- Kyoto University, Graduate School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Forest Hydrology, Kyoto, Japan
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El-Khatib AA, Youssef NA, Barakat NA, Samir NA. Responses of Eucalyptus globulus and Ficus nitida to different potential of heavy metal air pollution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:986-999. [PMID: 32037853 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1719031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the tolerance potential of Cd, Pb and Cu and physiological alterations in two common tree species growing in Minia governorate (Egypt) namely: Eucalyptus globulus and Ficus nitida and to investigate the leaf features [leaf area (LA) and specific leaf area (SLA)] associated with the phytoremediation process. The findings may be useful for future surveillance as preliminary reference values for levels of heavy metals in urban and industrial settings. The levels of cadmium, lead and Cupper in plant leaf were determined. The results showed that heavy metals could inhibit the growth of plants including LA and SLA. The water content (WC) and photosynthetic pigments of Eucalyptus and Ficus decreased with the increased concentration of metals. Contrary to chlorophylls (a) and (b), carotenoids and chlorophyll ratio (a/b) showed a significant increase with increasing metals concentration especially that of Cd and Cu. Proline content was relatively increased and soluble carbohydrate content decreased in plants with high metal accumulation. Eucalyptus showed better tolerance capacity for Cd, Pb and Cu when compared to Ficus. The ability of Eucalyptus to accumulate and tolerate metal stress makes this species a good candidate to recuperate heavy metals-contaminated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A El-Khatib
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - N A Youssef
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - N A Barakat
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - N A Samir
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- John H. Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Forestry Department, Forests and Environmental Change Lab, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Lassalle G, Fabre S, Credoz A, Hédacq R, Borderies P, Bertoni G, Erudel T, Buffan-Dubau E, Dubucq D, Elger A. Detection and discrimination of various oil-contaminated soils using vegetation reflectance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 655:1113-1124. [PMID: 30577105 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of hyperspectral spectroscopy for oil detection recently sparked a growing interest for risk assessment over vegetated areas. In a perspective of image applications, we conducted a greenhouse experiment on a brownfield-established species, Rubus fruticosus L. (bramble), to evaluate the potential of vegetation reflectance to detect and discriminate among various oil-contaminated soils. The species was grown for 32 days on four different soils with mixtures of petroleum hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Additional plants were grown on either uncontaminated control or water-deficient soils for comparison. Repeated reflectance measurements indicated modified spectral signatures under both oil and water-deficit exposure, from leaf to multi-plant scales. The amplitude of the response varied with mixture composition, exposure time, acquisition scale and spectrum region. Reflectance changes were linked to alterations in chlorophyll, carotenoid and water contents using vegetation indices. These indices were used to catch spectral similarities among acquisition scales and to discriminate among treatments using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W) and regularized logistic regression. Of the 33 vegetation indices tested, 14 were concordant from leaf to multi-plant scales (W > 0.75, p < 0.05) and strongly related to leaf biochemistry (R2 > 0.7). The 14 indices allowed discriminating between each mixture and the control treatment with no or minor confusions (≤5%) at all acquisition scales, depending on exposure time. Some of the mixtures remained difficult to discriminate among them and from the water-deficit treatment. The approach was tested at the canopy scale under natural conditions and performed well for identifying bramble exposed to either one of the experimentally-tested mixtures (90% accuracy) or to uncontaminated soil (83% accuracy). This study provided better understanding of vegetation spectral response to oil mixtures and opens up promising perspectives for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lassalle
- Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA), Toulouse, France; TOTAL S.A., Pôle d'Études et de Recherches de Lacq, Lacq, France.
| | - Sophie Fabre
- Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA), Toulouse, France
| | - Anthony Credoz
- TOTAL S.A., Pôle d'Études et de Recherches de Lacq, Lacq, France
| | - Rémy Hédacq
- TOTAL S.A., Pôle d'Études et de Recherches de Lacq, Lacq, France
| | - Pierre Borderies
- Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA), Toulouse, France
| | - Georges Bertoni
- DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Thierry Erudel
- Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales (ONERA), Toulouse, France; DYNAFOR, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | | | - Dominique Dubucq
- TOTAL S.A., Centre Scientifique et Technique Jean-Féger, Pau, France
| | - Arnaud Elger
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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12
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Allah EL-S GA, Najm AA. Growth, Physiological and Anatomical Behaviour of
Cynanchum acutum in Response to Cement Dust Pollution. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 9:345-353. [DOI: 10.3923/jest.2016.345.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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13
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Quentin AG, Pinkard EA, Ryan MG, Tissue DT, Baggett LS, Adams HD, Maillard P, Marchand J, Landhäusser SM, Lacointe A, Gibon Y, Anderegg WRL, Asao S, Atkin OK, Bonhomme M, Claye C, Chow PS, Clément-Vidal A, Davies NW, Dickman LT, Dumbur R, Ellsworth DS, Falk K, Galiano L, Grünzweig JM, Hartmann H, Hoch G, Hood S, Jones JE, Koike T, Kuhlmann I, Lloret F, Maestro M, Mansfield SD, Martínez-Vilalta J, Maucourt M, McDowell NG, Moing A, Muller B, Nebauer SG, Niinemets Ü, Palacio S, Piper F, Raveh E, Richter A, Rolland G, Rosas T, Saint Joanis B, Sala A, Smith RA, Sterck F, Stinziano JR, Tobias M, Unda F, Watanabe M, Way DA, Weerasinghe LK, Wild B, Wiley E, Woodruff DR. Non-structural carbohydrates in woody plants compared among laboratories. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:1146-1165. [PMID: 26423132 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in plant tissue are frequently quantified to make inferences about plant responses to environmental conditions. Laboratories publishing estimates of NSC of woody plants use many different methods to evaluate NSC. We asked whether NSC estimates in the recent literature could be quantitatively compared among studies. We also asked whether any differences among laboratories were related to the extraction and quantification methods used to determine starch and sugar concentrations. These questions were addressed by sending sub-samples collected from five woody plant tissues, which varied in NSC content and chemical composition, to 29 laboratories. Each laboratory analyzed the samples with their laboratory-specific protocols, based on recent publications, to determine concentrations of soluble sugars, starch and their sum, total NSC. Laboratory estimates differed substantially for all samples. For example, estimates for Eucalyptus globulus leaves (EGL) varied from 23 to 116 (mean = 56) mg g(-1) for soluble sugars, 6-533 (mean = 94) mg g(-1) for starch and 53-649 (mean = 153) mg g(-1) for total NSC. Mixed model analysis of variance showed that much of the variability among laboratories was unrelated to the categories we used for extraction and quantification methods (method category R(2) = 0.05-0.12 for soluble sugars, 0.10-0.33 for starch and 0.01-0.09 for total NSC). For EGL, the difference between the highest and lowest least squares means for categories in the mixed model analysis was 33 mg g(-1) for total NSC, compared with the range of laboratory estimates of 596 mg g(-1). Laboratories were reasonably consistent in their ranks of estimates among tissues for starch (r = 0.41-0.91), but less so for total NSC (r = 0.45-0.84) and soluble sugars (r = 0.11-0.83). Our results show that NSC estimates for woody plant tissues cannot be compared among laboratories. The relative changes in NSC between treatments measured within a laboratory may be comparable within and between laboratories, especially for starch. To obtain comparable NSC estimates, we suggest that users can either adopt the reference method given in this publication, or report estimates for a portion of samples using the reference method, and report estimates for a standard reference material. Researchers interested in NSC estimates should work to identify and adopt standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey G Quentin
- CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag 12, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | | | - Michael G Ryan
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, USA USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - L Scott Baggett
- USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA
| | - Henry D Adams
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Pascale Maillard
- INRA, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Jacqueline Marchand
- INRA, UMR 1137, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières, Plateforme Technique d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle (OC 081) Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France
| | - Simon M Landhäusser
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - André Lacointe
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves Gibon
- UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Bordeaux University, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - William R L Anderegg
- Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08540, USA
| | - Shinichi Asao
- Natural Resources Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1499, USA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1401, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Marc Bonhomme
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Caroline Claye
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Private Bag 98, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Pak S Chow
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | | | - Noel W Davies
- Central Science Laboratory, Private Bag 74, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - L Turin Dickman
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Rita Dumbur
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Kristen Falk
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Lucía Galiano
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Institute of Hydrology, Freiburg University, Fahnenbergplatz, D-79098 Freiburg, Germany
| | - José M Grünzweig
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Günter Hoch
- Department of Environmental Sciences - Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sharon Hood
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula MT-59812, USA
| | - Joanna E Jones
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, School of Land and Food, Private Bag 98, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Silviculture and Forest Ecological Studies, Hokkaido University Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Iris Kuhlmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Francisco Lloret
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melchor Maestro
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria s/n, 22700 Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Shawn D Mansfield
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jordi Martínez-Vilalta
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Universidad Autònoma Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mickael Maucourt
- Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Université Bordeaux, UMR 1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Nathan G McDowell
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Annick Moing
- UMR1332, Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, INRA, Bordeaux University, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France Plateforme Métabolome du Centre de Génomique Fonctionnelle Bordeaux, MetaboHUB, IBVM, Centre INRA, 71 avenue Edouard Bourlaux, F-33140 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Sergio G Nebauer
- Plant Production Department, Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, Camino de vera s.n. 46022-Valencia, Spain
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Sara Palacio
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Av. Nuestra Señora de la Victoria s/n, 22700 Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Frida Piper
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), Simpson 471, Coyhaique, Chile
| | - Eran Raveh
- Department of Fruit Trees Sciences, Institute of Plant Sciences, A.R.O., Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev 85289, Israel
| | - Andreas Richter
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Teresa Rosas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Brigitte Saint Joanis
- INRA, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR 0547 PIAF, F:6310 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anna Sala
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula MT-59812, USA
| | - Renee A Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Frank Sterck
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group, Wageningen University, Postbox 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph R Stinziano
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada
| | - Mari Tobias
- Department of Plant Physiology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Faride Unda
- Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 5B7, ON, Canada Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Box 90328, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Birgit Wild
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 5A, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erin Wiley
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - David R Woodruff
- USDA Forest Service, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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14
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Granda V, Delatorre C, Cuesta C, Centeno ML, Fernández B, Rodríguez A, Feito I. Physiological and biochemical responses to severe drought stress of nine Eucalyptus globulus clones: a multivariate approach. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 34:778-86. [PMID: 25009154 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal drought, typical of temperate and Mediterranean environments, creates problems in establishing plantations and affects development and yield, and it has been widely studied in numerous species. Forestry fast-growing species such as Eucalyptus spp. are an important resource in such environments, selected clones being generally used for production purposes in plantations in these areas. However, use of mono-specific plantations increases risk of plant loss due to abiotic stresses, making it essential to understand differences in an individual clone's physiological responses to drought stress. In order to study clonal differences in drought responses, nine Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) clones (C14, C46, C97, C120, C222, C371, C405, C491 and C601) were gradually subjected to severe drought stress (<14% of field capacity). A total of 31 parameters, physiological (e.g., photosynthesis, gas exchange), biochemical (e.g., chlorophyll content) and hormonal (abscisic acid [ABA] content), were analysed by classic and multivariate techniques. Relationships between parameters were established, allowing related measurements to be grouped into functional units (pigment, growth, water and ABA). Differences in these units showed that there were two distinct groups of E. globulus clones on the basis of their different strategies when faced with drought stress. The C14 group (C14, C120, C405, C491 and C601) clones behave as water savers, maintaining high water content and showing high stomatal adjustment, and reducing their aerial growth to a great extent. The C46 group (C46, C97, C222 and C371) clones behave as water spenders, reducing their water content drastically and presenting osmotic adjustment. The latter maintains the highest growth rate under the conditions tested. The method presented here can be used to identify appropriate E. globulus clones for drought environments, facilitating the selection of material for production and repopulation environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Granda
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carolina Delatorre
- Estación Experimental de La Mata del Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33820 Asturias, Spain
| | - Candela Cuesta
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María L Centeno
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Belén Fernández
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Rodríguez
- Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas, Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, c/Catedrático Rodrigo Uría, s/n, 33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel Feito
- Estación Experimental de La Mata del Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), 33820 Asturias, Spain
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15
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Correia B, Pintó-Marijuan M, Neves L, Brossa R, Dias MC, Costa A, Castro BB, Araújo C, Santos C, Chaves MM, Pinto G. Water stress and recovery in the performance of two Eucalyptus globulus clones: physiological and biochemical profiles. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2014; 150:580-92. [PMID: 24117924 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus plantations are among the most productive forest stands in Portugal and Spain, being mostly used for pulp production and, more recently, as an energy crop. However, the region's Mediterranean climate, with characteristic severe summer drought, negatively affects eucalypt growth and increases mortality. Although the physiological response to water shortage is well characterized for this species, evidence about the plants' recovery ability remains scarce. In order to assess the physiological and biochemical response of Eucalyptus globulus during the recovery phase, two genotypes (AL-18 and AL-10) were submitted to a 3-week water stress period at two different intensities (18 and 25% of field capacity), followed by 1 week of rewatering. Recovery was assessed 1 day and 1 week after rehydration. Drought reduced height, biomass, water potential, NPQ and gas exchange in both genotypes. Contrarily, the levels of pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (F(v) /F(m) and (φPSII)), MDA and ABA increased. During recovery, the physiological and biochemical profile of stressed plants showed a similar trend: they experienced reversion of altered traits (MDA, ABA, E, g(s), pigments), while other parameters did not recover ((φPSII), NPQ). Furthermore, an overcompensation of CO(2) assimilation was achieved 1 week after rehydration, which was accompanied by greater growth and re-establishment of oxidative balance. Both genotypes were tolerant to the tested conditions, although clonal differences were found. AL-10 was more productive and showed a more rapid and dynamic response to rehydration (namely in carotenoid content, (φPSII) and NPQ) compared to clone AL-18.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Correia
- Department of Biology & CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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16
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Printz B, Sergeant K, Guignard C, Renaut J, Hausman JF. Physiological and proteome study of sunflowers exposed to a polymetallic constraint. Proteomics 2013; 13:1993-2015. [PMID: 23595958 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The new energy requirements of the growing world population together with the actual ecological trend of phytoremediation have made challenging the cultivation of energetic crops on nonagricultural lands, such as those contaminated with trace elements. In this study, phenotypical characterization and biochemical analyses were combined to emphasize the global response of young sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) grown in hydroponic media contaminated with different Cd, Ni, and Zn concentrations. Leaves and roots of sunflowers reaching the stage "2-extended leaves" and exposed to different trace metal concentrations were harvested and analyzed by 2D-DIGE in order to study in depth the molecular responses of the young plants upon the polymetallic exposure. Proteomics confirmed the observed global reduction in growth and development. If photosynthetic light reactions and carbon metabolism were the most affected in leaves, in roots significant disruptions were observed in proteins involved in respiration, oxidative balance, protein and gene expression, and in the induction of programmed cell death. Elemental analyses of the plantlets indicated a profound impact of the treatment resulting in misbalance in essential micronutrients. Altogether, this study highlights the sensitivity of the sunflower to a polymetallic pollution and indicates that its use as a remediative tool of trace element polluted soils is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Printz
- Centre de Recherche Public-Gabriel Lippmann, Département Environnement et Agrobiotechnologies, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Folgado R, Panis B, Sergeant K, Renaut J, Swennen R, Hausman JF. Differential Protein Expression in Response to Abiotic Stress in Two Potato Species: Solanum commersonii Dun and Solanum tuberosum L. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:4912-33. [PMID: 23455465 PMCID: PMC3634427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14034912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Better knowledge on responses to dehydration stress could help to improve the existing cryopreservation protocols for potato, since plant tissues processed for cryopreservation are often submitted to similar in vitro stress conditions. Cryopreservation (the best method of conservation for vegetatively propagated plants) of potato still needs to be standardized to make it available and to conserve the wide diversity of this crop. In the present work, the response to osmotic stress and chilling temperature was investigated in two potato species, Solanum tuberosum and its relative, frost-tolerant S. commersonii. After 14 days of exposure, different growth parameters, such as shoot length and number of leaves, were measured. Furthermore, differentially abundant proteins were identified after performing 2-fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-DIGE) experiments, and soluble carbohydrates were analyzed by High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD). The results show different responses in both species depending on the stress treatment. Focusing on the differences in growth parameters during the treatments, Solanum commersonii seems to be more affected than S. tuberosum cv. Désirée. At the molecular level, there are some differences and similarities between the two potato species studied that are dependent on the type of stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Folgado
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public—Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (R.F.); (K.S.); (J.R.)
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan, 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mails: (B.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Bart Panis
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan, 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mails: (B.P.); (R.S.)
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public—Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (R.F.); (K.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jenny Renaut
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public—Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (R.F.); (K.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Rony Swennen
- Laboratory of Tropical Crop Improvement, Division of Crop Biotechnics, KU Leuven, Willem de Croylaan, 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mails: (B.P.); (R.S.)
- Bioversity International, Willem de Croylaan, 42 bus 2455, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Francois Hausman
- Department Environment and Agro-biotechnologies (EVA), Centre de Recherche Public—Gabriel Lippmann, 41, rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; E-Mails: (R.F.); (K.S.); (J.R.)
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Rivas R, Oliveira MT, Santos MG. Three cycles of water deficit from seed to young plants of Moringa oleifera woody species improves stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 63:200-8. [PMID: 23274248 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess whether recurring water stress occurring from seed germination to young plants of Moringa oleifera Lam. are able to mitigate the drought stress effects. Germination, gas exchange and biochemical parameters were analysed after three cycles of water deficit. Young plants were used 50 days after germination under three osmotic potentials (0.0, -0.3 and -0.4 MPa). For each germination treatment, control (irrigated) and stressed (10% of water control) plants were compared for a total of six treatments. There were two cycles of drought interspersed with 10 days of rehydration. The young plants of M. oleifera showed increased tolerance to repeated cycles of drought, maintaining high relative water content (RWC), high water use efficiency (WUE), increased photosynthetic pigments and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes. There was rapid recovery of the photosynthetic rate during the rehydration period. The stressed plants from the -0.3 and -0.4 MPa treatments showed higher tolerance compared to the control plants. The results suggest that seeds of M. oleifera subjected to mild water deficit have had increased the ability for drought tolerance when young plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Rivas
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Botany Department, Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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González-García S, Moreira MT, Feijoo G. Environmental aspects of eucalyptus based ethanol production and use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2012; 438:1-8. [PMID: 22960456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A renewable biofuel economy is projected as a pathway to decrease dependence on fossil fuels as well as to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Ethanol produced on large-scale from lignocellulosic materials is considered the automotive fuel with the highest potential. In this paper, a life cycle assessment (LCA) study was developed to evaluate the environmental implications of the production of ethanol from a fast-growing short rotation crop (SRC): eucalyptus as well as its use in a flexi-fuel vehicle (FFV). The aim of the analysis was to assess the environmental performance of three ethanol based formulations: E10, E85 and E100, in comparison with conventional gasoline. The standard framework of LCA from International Standards Organization was followed and the system boundaries included the cultivation of the eucalyptus biomass, the processing to ethanol conversion, the blending with gasoline (when required) and the final use of fuels. The environmental results show reductions in all impact categories under assessment when shifting to ethanol based fuels, excluding photochemical oxidant formation, eutrophication as well as terrestrial and marine ecotoxicity which were considerably influenced by upstream activities related to ethanol manufacture. The LCA study remarked those stages where the researchers and technicians need to work to improve the environmental performance. Special attention must be paid on ethanol production related activities, such as on-site energy generation and distillation, as well as forest activities oriented to the biomass production. The use of forest machinery with higher efficiency levels, reduction of fertilizers dose and the control of diffuse emissions from the conversion plant would improve the environmental profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara González-García
- Division of Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College of London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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20
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Mao CX, Chen MM, Wang L, Zou H, Liang CJ, Wang LH, Zhou Q. Protective effect of cerium ion against ultraviolet B radiation-induced water stress in soybean seedlings. Biol Trace Elem Res 2012; 146:381-7. [PMID: 22095292 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-011-9264-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Effects of cerium ion (Ce(III)) on water relations of soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) under ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B, 280-320 nm) stress were investigated under laboratory conditions. UV-B radiation not only affected the contents of two osmolytes (proline, soluble sugar) in soybean seedlings, but also inhibited the transpiration in soybean seedlings by decreasing the stomatal density and conductance. The two effects caused the inhibition in the osmotic and metabolic absorption of water, which decreased the water content and the free water/bound water ratio. Obviously, UV-B radiation led to water stress, causing the decrease in the photosynthesis in soybean seedlings. The pretreatment with 20 mg L(-1) Ce(III) could alleviate UV-B-induced water stress by regulating the osmotic and metabolic absorption of water in soybean seedlings. The alleviated effect caused the increase in the photosynthesis and the growth of soybean seedlings. It is one of the protective effect mechanisms of Ce(III) against the UV-B radiation-induced damage to plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Xia Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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21
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Villar E, Klopp C, Noirot C, Novaes E, Kirst M, Plomion C, Gion JM. RNA-Seq reveals genotype-specific molecular responses to water deficit in eucalyptus. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:538. [PMID: 22047139 PMCID: PMC3248028 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a context of climate change, phenotypic plasticity provides long-lived species, such as trees, with the means to adapt to environmental variations occurring within a single generation. In eucalyptus plantations, water availability is a key factor limiting productivity. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of eucalyptus to water shortage remain unclear. In this study, we compared the molecular responses of two commercial eucalyptus hybrids during the dry season. Both hybrids differ in productivity when grown under water deficit. RESULTS Pyrosequencing of RNA extracted from shoot apices provided extensive transcriptome coverage - a catalog of 129,993 unigenes (49,748 contigs and 80,245 singletons) was generated from 398 million base pairs, or 1.14 million reads. The pyrosequencing data enriched considerably existing Eucalyptus EST collections, adding 36,985 unigenes not previously represented. Digital analysis of read abundance in 14,460 contigs identified 1,280 that were differentially expressed between the two genotypes, 155 contigs showing differential expression between treatments (irrigated vs. non irrigated conditions during the dry season), and 274 contigs with significant genotype-by-treatment interaction. The more productive genotype displayed a larger set of genes responding to water stress. Moreover, stress signal transduction seemed to involve different pathways in the two genotypes, suggesting that water shortage induces distinct cellular stress cascades. Similarly, the response of functional proteins also varied widely between genotypes: the most productive genotype decreased expression of genes related to photosystem, transport and secondary metabolism, whereas genes related to primary metabolism and cell organisation were over-expressed. CONCLUSIONS For the most productive genotype, the ability to express a broader set of genes in response to water availability appears to be a key characteristic in the maintenance of biomass growth during the dry season. Its strategy may involve a decrease of photosynthetic activity during the dry season associated with resources reallocation through major changes in the expression of primary metabolism associated genes. Further efforts will be needed to assess the adaptive nature of the genes highlighted in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Villar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Campus de Baillarguet TA 10C, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
- CRDPI, BP1291, Pointe Noire, République du Congo
| | - Christophe Klopp
- Plateforme bioinformatique Genotoul, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Céline Noirot
- Plateforme bioinformatique Genotoul, UR875 Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle, INRA, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Evandro Novaes
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, USA
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Caixa Postal 131, CEP 74690-900, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110410, Gainesville, USA
| | - Christophe Plomion
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
- Université de Bordeaux, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Gion
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Campus de Baillarguet TA 10C, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- INRA, UMR1202 BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France
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22
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Pinkard EA, Eyles A, O'Grady AP. Are gas exchange responses to resource limitation and defoliation linked to source:sink relationships? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:1652-65. [PMID: 21707651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Productivity of trees can be affected by limitations in resources such as water and nutrients, and herbivory. However, there is little understanding of their interactive effects on carbon uptake and growth. We hypothesized that: (1) in the absence of defoliation, photosynthetic rate and leaf respiration would be governed by limiting resource(s) and their impact on sink limitation; (2) photosynthetic responses to defoliation would be a consequence of changing source:sink relationships and increased availability of limiting resources; and (3) photosynthesis and leaf respiration would be adjusted in response to limiting resources and defoliation so that growth could be maintained. We tested these hypotheses by examining how leaf photosynthetic processes, respiration, carbohydrate concentrations and growth rates of Eucalyptus globulus were influenced by high or low water and nitrogen (N) availability, and/or defoliation. Photosynthesis of saplings grown with low water was primarily sink limited, whereas photosynthetic responses of saplings grown with low N were suggestive of source limitation. Defoliation resulted in source limitation. Net photosynthetic responses to defoliation were linked to the degree of resource availability, with the largest responses measured in treatments where saplings were ultimately source rather than sink limited. There was good evidence of acclimation to stress, enabling higher rates of C uptake than might otherwise have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Pinkard
- CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences and Sustainable Agriculture FlagshipUniversity of Tasmania Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia.
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Granda V, Cuesta C, Alvarez R, Ordás R, Centeno ML, Rodríguez A, Majada JP, Fernández B, Feito I. Rapid responses of C14 clone of Eucalyptus globulus to root drought stress: Time-course of hormonal and physiological signaling. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:661-670. [PMID: 21144618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The responses of juvenile plants of forest crops to drought stress are a key stage in the survival of forest populations. In this work, a suitable experimental system to study the early drought resistance mechanisms and signaling in a drought-tolerant clone (C14) of Eucalyptus globulus Labill is proposed. This system, using hydroponic culture and an osmotic agent, polyethylene glycol 8000, was demonstrated to induce severe stress in the root area, affecting the responses of the plantlets at the aerial level. These responses were very fast, beginning only 3h after the induction of stress, and the results highlight the roles of xylematic abscisic acid (ABA) and pH changes over other signals, such as cytokinins, as early chemical signals in rapid water stress. The relationship between these chemical factors, ABA and pH, and the physiological and water parameters observed were significant, supporting their proposed principal role. This work aids our understanding of underlying responses to hydrological limitations of forest crops, and provides valuable information for further physiological and molecular studies of water stress in this and other tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Granda
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, 33071 Asturias, Spain.
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24
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Lehto T, Zwiazek JJ. Ectomycorrhizas and water relations of trees: a review. MYCORRHIZA 2011; 21:71-90. [PMID: 21140277 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-010-0348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is plenty of evidence for improved nutrient acquisition by ectomycorrhizas in trees; however, their role in water uptake is much less clear. In addition to experiments showing improved performance during drought by mycorrhizal plants, there are several studies showing reduced root hydraulic conductivity and reduced water uptake in mycorrhizal roots. The clearest direct mechanism for increased water uptake is the increased extension growth and absorbing surface area, particularly in fungal species with external mycelium of the long-distance exploration type. Some studies have found increased aquaporin function and, consequently, increased root hydraulic conductivity in ectomycorrhizal plants while other studies showed no effect of ectomycorrhizal associations on root water flow properties. The aquaporin function of the fungal hyphae is also likely to be important for the uptake of water by the ectomycorrhizal plant, but more work needs to be done in this area. The best-known indirect mechanism for mycorrhizal effects on water relations is improved nutrient status of the host. Others include altered carbohydrate assimilation via stomatal function, possibly mediated by changes in growth regulator balance; increased sink strength in mycorrhizal roots; antioxidant metabolism; and changes in osmotic adjustment. None of these possibilities has been sufficiently explored. The mycorrhizal structure may also reduce water movement because of different fine root architecture (thickness), cell wall hydrophobicity or the larger number of membranes that water has to cross on the way from the soil to the xylem. In future studies, pot experiments comparing mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants will still be useful in studying well-defined physiological details. However, the quantitative importance of ectomycorrhizas for tree water uptake and water relations can only be assessed by field studies using innovative approaches. Hydraulic redistribution can support nutrient uptake during prolonged dry periods. In large trees with deep root systems, it may turn out that the most important function of mycorrhizas during drought is to facilitate nutrient acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Lehto
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
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25
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Coscolin RBS, Broetto F, Marchese JA, Campohermoso MC, Paladini MV. Effects of hydric deficiency on gas exchange parameters and metabolism of Eucalyptus grandis clones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1677-04202011000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Merchant A, Peuke AD, Keitel C, Macfarlane C, Warren CR, Adams MA. Phloem sap and leaf delta13C, carbohydrates, and amino acid concentrations in Eucalyptus globulus change systematically according to flooding and water deficit treatment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 61:1785-93. [PMID: 20211969 PMCID: PMC2852667 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erq045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phloem is a central conduit for the distribution of photoassimilate, nutrients, and signals among plant organs. A revised technique was used to collect phloem sap from small woody plants in order to assess changes in composition induced by water deficit and flooding. Bled phloem sap delta(13)C and sugar concentrations were compared to delta(13)C of bulk material, soluble carbon extracts, and the neutral sugar fraction from leaves. Amino acid composition and inorganic ions of the phloem sap was also analysed. Quantitative, systematic changes were detected in phloem sap composition and delta(13)C in response to altered water availability. Phloem sap delta(13)C was more sensitive to changes of water availability than the delta(13)C of bulk leaf, the soluble carbon fraction, and the neutral soluble fraction of leaves. Changes in water availability also resulted in significant changes in phloem sugar (sucrose and raffinose), inorganic nutrient (potassium), and amino acid (phenylalanine) concentrations with important implications for the maintenance of phloem function and biomass partitioning. The differences in carbohydrate and amino acid composition as well as the delta(13)C in the phloem, along with a new model system for phloem research, offer an improved understanding of the phloem-mediated signal, nutrient, and photoassimilate transduction in relation to water availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Merchant
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW, Australia 2052.
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27
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Regier N, Streb S, Cocozza C, Schaub M, Cherubini P, Zeeman SC, Frey B. Drought tolerance of two black poplar (Populus nigra L.) clones: contribution of carbohydrates and oxidative stress defence. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2009; 32:1724-36. [PMID: 19671097 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02030.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought is expected to become an increasingly important factor limiting tree growth caused by climate change. Two divergent clones of Populus nigra (58-861 and Poli) originating from contrasting environments were subjected to water limitation (WL) to elucidate whether they differ in tolerance to drought, which mechanisms to avoid stress they exhibit and whether drought has an impact on the interactions between roots and shoots. Limiting water availability caused photosynthetic rate and total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) levels to decrease in 58-861. However, starch-degrading enzyme activity and gene expression were induced in roots, and soluble sugar levels were higher than in well-watered (WW) plants. These data suggest that assimilation and partitioning of carbon to the roots are decreased, resulting in mobilization of stored starch. In contrast, the photosynthetic rate of Poli was reduced only late in the treatment, and carbohydrate levels in WL plants were higher than in WW plants. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and gene expression were higher in Poli than in 58-861, even in WW plants, leading to a higher capacity to defend against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Regier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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28
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Sudachkova NE, Milyutina IL, Romanova LI. Adaptive responses of scots pine to the impact of adverse abiotic factors on the rhizosphere. RUSS J ECOL+ 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413609060022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Alvarez M, Huygens D, Fernandez C, Gacitúa Y, Olivares E, Saavedra I, Alberdi M, Valenzuela E. Effect of ectomycorrhizal colonization and drought on reactive oxygen species metabolism of Nothofagus dombeyi roots. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:1047-1057. [PMID: 19483186 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpp038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Infection with ectomycorrhizal fungi can increase the ability of plants to resist drought stress through morphophysiological and biochemical mechanisms. However, the metabolism of antioxidative enzyme activities in the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis remains poorly understood. This study investigated biomass production, reactive oxygen metabolism (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde concentration) and antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in pure cultures of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Descolea antartica Sing. and Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, and non-mycorrhizal and mycorrhizal roots of Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) roots under well-watered conditions and drought conditions (DC). The studied ectomycorrhizal fungi regulated their antioxidative enzyme metabolism differentially in response to drought, resulting in cellular damage in D. antartica but not in P. tinctorius. Ectomycorrhizal inoculation and water treatment had a significant effect on all parameters studied, including relative water content of the plant. As such, N. dombeyi plants in symbiosis experienced a lower oxidative stress effect than non-mycorrhizal plants under DC. Additionally, ectomycorrhizal N. dombeyi roots showed a greater antioxidant enzyme activity relative to non-mycorrhizal roots, an effect which was further expressed under DC. The association between the non-specific P. tinctorius and N. dombeyi had a more effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism than the specific D. antartica-N. dombeyi symbiosis. We conclude that the combination of effective ROS prevention and ROS detoxification by ectomycorrhizal plants resulted in reduced cellular damage and increased plant growth relative to non-mycorrhizal plants under drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricel Alvarez
- Instituto de Botánica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
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30
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Costa E Silva F, Shvaleva A, Broetto F, Ortuño MF, Rodrigues ML, Almeida MH, Chaves MM, Pereira JS. Acclimation to short-term low temperatures in two Eucalyptus globulus clones with contrasting drought resistance. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 29:77-86. [PMID: 19203934 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpn002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that Eucalyptus globulus Labill. genotypes that are more resistant to dry environments might also exhibit higher cold tolerances than drought-sensitive plants. The effect of low temperatures was evaluated in acclimated and unacclimated ramets of a drought-resistant clone (CN5) and a drought-sensitive clone (ST51) of E. globulus. We studied the plants' response via leaf gas exchanges, leaf water and osmotic potentials, concentrations of soluble sugars, several antioxidant enzymes and leaf electrolyte leakage. Progressively lowering air temperatures (from 24/16 to 10/-2 degrees C, day/night) led to acclimation of both clones. Acclimated ramets exhibited higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductances and lower membrane relative injuries when compared to unacclimated ramets. Moreover, low temperatures led to significant increases of soluble sugars and antioxidant enzymes activity (glutathione reductase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutases) of both clones in comparison to plants grown at control temperature (24/16 degrees C). On the other hand, none of the clones, either acclimated or not, exhibited signs of photoinhibition under low temperatures and moderate light. The main differences in the responses to low temperatures between the two clones resulted mainly from differences in carbon metabolism, including a higher accumulation of soluble sugars in the drought-resistant clone CN5 as well as a higher capacity for osmotic regulation, as compared to the drought-sensitive clone ST51. Although membrane injury data suggested that both clones had the same inherent freezing tolerance before and after cold acclimation, the results also support the hypothesis that the drought-resistant clone had a greater cold tolerance at intermediate levels of acclimation than the drought-sensitive clone. A higher capacity to acclimate in a short period can allow a clone to maintain an undamaged leaf surface area along sudden frost events, increasing growth capacity. Moreover, it can enhance survival chances in frost-prone sites expanding the plantation range with more adaptive clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Costa E Silva
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal.
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31
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O'Grady AP, Worledge D, Wilkinson A, Battaglia M. Photosynthesis and respiration decline with light intensity in dominant and suppressed Eucalyptus globulus canopies. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2008; 35:439-447. [PMID: 32688801 DOI: 10.1071/fp08127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Within canopy gradients in light-saturated photosynthesis (Amax), foliar nitrogen ([N]area) and leaf dark respiration (R15) were studied in the canopies of dominant and suppressed trees within an even-aged (4-year-old) Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) stand in southern Tasmania. Despite being an even-aged stand growing in a relatively uniform environment with respect to nutrient and water availability, the stand exhibited considerable structural complexity. Diameter at 1.3 m ranged between 3 cm and 21 cm, trees average 12 m height and stand leaf area index was ~6 m2 m-2 leading to strong gradients in light availability. We were interested in understanding the processes governing canopy production in trees of contrasting dominance classes. Vertical gradients in photosynthesis and foliar respiration were studied within the canopies of dominant and suppressed trees during 2006 and 2007. Amax varied from ~18 μmol m-2 s-1 in the upper canopy to 3 μmol m-2 s-1 at lower canopy positions. On average, Amax were higher in the dominant trees than in the suppressed trees. However, at any given height, Amax were similar in suppressed and dominant trees and were strongly related to leaf nitrogen content. Dark respiration varied from ~1.4 μmol m-2 s-1 in the upper canopy to 0.2 μmol m-2 s-1 in the lower canopy positions. In contrast to the patterns for Amax, dark respiration rates in the suppressed trees were higher than dominant trees at similar canopy positions. Respiration rates were also strongly related to [N]area and to Amax.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P O'Grady
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - D Worledge
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Private Bag 12, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - A Wilkinson
- School of Plant Science, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
| | - M Battaglia
- CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Private Bag 12, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia
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32
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Costa E Silva F, Shvaleva A, Almeida MH, Chaves MM, Pereira JS. Responses to chilling of two Eucalyptus globulus clones with contrasting drought resistance. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2007; 34:793-802. [PMID: 32689407 DOI: 10.1071/fp07080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 06/21/2007] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effect of chilling on growth and plant hydraulic properties in a drought-resistant clone (CN5) and a drought-sensitive clone (ST51) of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. was evaluated. Chilling (10/5°C, day/night) led to a general decrease in growth of both clones and significant reductions in root hydraulic conductivity, rate of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in comparison to plants grown at control temperature (24/16°C). The drought-resistant CN5 clone maintained higher root growth and lower leaf-to-root-area ratio than the drought-sensitive ST51 clone, in both temperature treatments. Conversely, ST51 exhibited greater carbon allocation to the foliage and higher hydraulic conductance than clone CN5 at both temperatures. Plants of both clones, when acclimated to chilling, maintained a higher hydraulic conductivity than control plants exposed to chilling temperatures without acclimation. Under chilling, the main differences between clones were a higher water status and anthocyanin concentration in CN5 plants, and a stronger inhibition of root growth in ST51 plants. Except for roots, the hypothesis of a lower depression of growth rate in the drought-resistant clone under chilling was not verified. However, higher root growth under low temperatures, as observed in CN5, can be an advantageous trait in Mediterranean-type environments, protecting trees against summer water-stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla Shvaleva
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal
| | - M Helena Almeida
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal
| | - M Manuela Chaves
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal
| | - João S Pereira
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisbon 1349-017, Portugal
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