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Li S, Fan Q, Xie Y, Lin H, Qiu Q, Liang Y, Zhang Q. VIP activates primordial follicles of rat through ERK-mTOR pathway in tissue culture. Reproduction 2020; 157:475-484. [PMID: 30817320 PMCID: PMC6433003 DOI: 10.1530/rep-18-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In vitro activation of primordial follicles is becoming more essential in assisted reproductive technologies. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is one of the members of the neurotrophin family which has demonstrated to have an impact on follicle development in recent years. This study aims to investigate the effect of VIP on the activation of primordial follicles in neonatal rat in an in vitro culture system and to determine the relevant molecular mechanism of their activation. Ovaries of 4-day-old rats were examined for the expression of VIP receptors and were cultured in mediums containing VIP with or without inhibitors of the ERK–mTOR signalling pathway. They were then collected for histological analysis or measurement of the molecular expression of this pathway. The receptors of VIP were found in granular cells and oocytes of primordial and early-growing follicles in neonatal ovary. The ratio of growing follicle increased in the presence VIP at different concentrations, with the highest level of increase being observed in the 10−7 mol/L VIP-treated group. The ratio of PCNA-positive granular cells was also increased, while that of the apoptotic oocytes were decreased, and protein analysis showed increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2, mTOR and RPS6 in the VIP-treated group. However, the effect of VIP on the activation of primordial follicle became insignificant with the addition of MEK inhibitor (U0126) or mTORC1 inhibitor (rapamycin). This study indicated that VIP could activate neonatal rat primordial follicle through the ERK-mTOR signalling pathway, suggesting a strategy for in vitro primordial follicle recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF Centre, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxue Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, IVF Centre, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumour Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Singh P, Lal B. Photo-thermal regulation of neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression in ovarian follicles and ovarian activity of the catfish, Clarias batrachus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 279:114-119. [PMID: 30763566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Authors have recently reported a gradual increase in neuropeptide Y expression in the ovarian follicles of Clarias batrachus with the progression of oogenesis, coinciding with increasing photoperiod and temperature. This indicates the involvement of photoperiod and temperature in controlling NPY expression. Therefore, a study was designed to investigate the role of photoperiod and temperature in regulation of NPY expression in ovarian follicles. The catfish were exposed to different photo-thermal regimes during the late-quiescence and late-recrudescence phases for one month, and the expression of NPY was analyzed along with other ovarian activities. Though the exposure of catfish to long photoperiod induced a marginal increase (1.5 fold) in NPY expression in follicular cells, the high temperature stimulated its expression more effectively (6-10 fold), irrespective of photoperiodic exposures. Exposure to long photoperiod and high temperature together induced NPY expression maximally in granulosa and thecal cells of fully grown oocytes, but exposure to low temperature decreased its expression significantly. The oogenic and steroidogenic activities were also promoted simultaneously after the exposure to high temperature and long photoperiod alone or in combination. However, the low temperature exposure suppressed the ovarian activities leading to atresia of advanced follicles. Thus it is suggested that photoperiod and temperature both affect NPY expression and ovarian recrudescence in fish but the influences of temperature seem to be more prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshini Singh
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bechan Lal
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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3
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Muñoz-de-la-Torre LP, Eguibar JR, Cortés C, Ugarte A, Trujillo A. Follicular Development and Secretion of Ovarian Hormones during the Juvenile and Adult Reproductive Lives of the Myelin Mutant taiep Rat: An Animal Model of Demyelinating Diseases. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:5718782. [PMID: 30363667 PMCID: PMC6180977 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5718782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility and reproductive problems have been reported in women with several neurological disorders, for example, demyelination. However, the physiology of such problems has remained unknown so far. The taiep rats are an animal neurological model that initially shows a hypomyelination followed by a progressive demyelination of the central nervous system. This animal has reproductive problems, and the aim of this work is to characterize the follicular development, secretion of ovarian hormones, and presence of noradrenaline in the ovaries of the female taiep rats in the juvenile and adult stages. The taiep rats have low body weight (approximately 19% less than that of SD rats), a delay of 4 days in the age of vaginal opening, and an irregularity in the estrous cycle by the absence or prolongation of some estral cycle stage. In the juvenile stage, we observed a decrease of approximately 44% in the total number of follicles with a 15% increase of atresia and an 80% decrease in the fluorescence intensity of catecholamines in the ovaries, with a 21% increment in plasma concentrations of testosterone. In the adult stage, we observed follicular cysts and a 50% decrease in fluorescence intensity of catecholamines in the ovaries, with changes in the secretion of ovarian hormones, an increase of 20 times in progesterone, and a decrement of a half in estradiol. The demyelination in taiep rats affects follicular development and steroidogenesis in the early stages of the animal's life, and this is maintained until adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. R. Eguibar
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72000 Puebla, Mexico
| | - C. Cortés
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Ugarte
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
| | - A. Trujillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico
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4
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Lal B. Seasonal ovarian immunolocalization of neuropeptide Y and its role in steriodogenesis in Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 255:32-39. [PMID: 29017851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to examine the cellular localization and potential steroidogenic role of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in the ovary of the freshwater catfish, Clarias batrachus. NPY-immunoreaction was observed in the follicular cells (granulosa and thecal cells) in the growing ovarian follicles, and the intensity of staining increased steadily from the initiation of follicular development until follicles were fully grown. Thereafter as follicles matured the stain intensity decreased. Positive correlations were found between NPY expression and the ovarian levels of 17β-estradiol, testosterone, and activities of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) in the ovary. In vitro NPY treatment stimulated the production of the two steroids and the activities of two enzymes. This is the first report of NPY immunoreactivity at the cellular level in the fish ovary and implicates this orexigenic peptide in the modulation of ovarian steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bechan Lal
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India.
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5
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Nguyen LT, Reverter A, Cánovas A, Venus B, Islas-Trejo A, Porto-Neto LR, Lehnert SA, Medrano JF, Moore SS, Fortes MRS. Global differential gene expression in the pituitary gland and the ovaries of pre- and postpubertal Brahman heifers. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:599-615. [PMID: 28380590 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand genes, pathways, and networks related to puberty, we characterized the transcriptome of two tissues: the pituitary gland and ovaries. Samples were harvested from pre- and postpubertal Brahman heifers (same age group). Brahman heifers () are older at puberty compared with , a productivity issue. With RNA sequencing, we identified differentially expressed (DEx) genes and important transcription factors (TF) and predicted coexpression networks. The number of DEx genes detected in the pituitary gland was 284 ( < 0.05), and was the most DEx gene (fold change = 4.12, = 0.01). The gene promotes bone mineralization through transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling. Further studies of the link between bone mineralization and puberty could target . In ovaries, 3,871 genes were DEx ( < 0.05). Four highly DEx genes were noteworthy for their function: (a γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA] transporter), (), and () and its receptor . These genes had higher ovarian expression in postpubertal heifers. The GABA and its receptors and transporters were expressed in the ovaries of many mammals, suggesting a role for this pathway beyond the brain. The pathway has been known to influence the timing of puberty in rats, via modulation of GnRH. The effects of at the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries have been documented. and its receptors are known factors in the release of GnRH, similar to and GABA, although their roles in ovarian tissue are less clear. Pathways previously related to puberty such as TGFβ signaling ( = 6.71 × 10), Wnt signaling ( = 4.1 × 10), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling ( = 4.84 × 10) were enriched in our data set. Seven genes were identified as key TF in both tissues: , , , , , , and a novel gene. An ovarian subnetwork created with TF and significant ovarian DEx genes revealed five zinc fingers as regulators: , , , , and . Recent work of hypothalamic gene expression also pointed to zinc fingers as TF for bovine puberty. Although some zinc fingers may be ubiquitously expressed, the identification of DEx genes in common across tissues points to key regulators of puberty. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland had eight DEx genes in common. The hypothalamus and ovaries had 89 DEx genes in common. The pituitary gland and ovaries had 48 DEx genes in common. Our study confirmed the complexity of puberty and suggested further investigation on genes that code zinc fingers.
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Kim D, Johnson AL. Vasoactive intestinal peptide promotes differentiation and clock gene expression in granulosa cells from prehierarchal follicles. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:455-63. [PMID: 27021352 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) signaling via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is reported to stimulate steroidogenesis in ovarian granulosa cells from a variety of vertebrate species, including the domestic hen. Prior to follicle selection in the hen ovary (i.e., cyclic recruitment) follicle-stimulating-hormone (FSH)-induced cAMP signaling is absent within the granulosa layer until immediately following follicle selection. As a consequence, granulosa cells remain in an undifferentiated state and are unable to initiate FSH-induced steroidogenesis. VIP receptors (VPAC1 and VPAC2), like the FSH receptor, are G protein-coupled receptors, so we predicted that VIP signaling in granulosa cells is also absent in follicles that have not yet been selected into the preovulatory hierarchy. Initial studies established that mRNA encoding VPAC1 and VPAC2 are expressed within the granulosa cells throughout follicle development. Nevertheless, undifferentiated granulosa cells from prehierarchal (6-8 mm) follicles do not accumulate cAMP in response to a 4-hr incubation with chicken VIP; the capacity for such receptor signaling is attained only following selection within actively differentiating granulosa cells. VIP treatment did, however, increase expression of mRNA encoding the Gallus circadian clock protein, BMAL1-but only in granulosa cells collected from selected follicles. These findings provide evidence that, at follicle selection, the acquisition of VIP-induced cAMP cell signaling helps initiate and promote the differentiation of of granulosa cells. Furthermore, we propose that VIP signaling may regulate BMAL1 expression and, thus, a daily rhythmicity within granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 455-463, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwon Kim
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program in the Huck Institute of Life Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania
| | - Alan L Johnson
- Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.,Cell and Developmental Biology Program in the Huck Institute of Life Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania.,Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania
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8
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Streiter S, Fisch B, Sabbah B, Ao A, Abir R. The importance of neuronal growth factors in the ovary. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 22:3-17. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Rosas G, Ramírez MI, Linares R, Trujillo A, Domínguez R, Morales-Ledesma L. Asymmetric steroidogenic response by the ovaries to the vasoactive intestinal peptide. Endocrine 2015; 48:968-77. [PMID: 25331816 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In vitro the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) stimulates progesterone, androgens, and estradiol secretion, and the effects are time-dependent. The present study analyzed the acute (1 h) and sub-acute (24 h) effects of unilateral injection of VIP into the ovarian bursa on each day of the estrous cycle on progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels. Cyclic 60-day-old virgin female rats on diestrus-1, diestrus-2, proestrus, or estrus were injected with saline or VIP 10(-6) M into the left or right ovarian bursa. One hour after saline injection on each day of estrus cycle, progesterone levels were higher than in control animals. The acute effects of saline solution on testosterone and estradiol levels were asymmetric and varied during the estrous cycle. In comparison with saline groups, the effects of VIPergic stimulation on progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol serum levels depend on the time elapsed between treatment and autopsy and vary during the estrous cycle. An acute asymmetric response from the ovaries to the VIP was observed at diestrus-1, diestrus-2, and proestrus on progesterone and estradiol levels. The asymmetries on testosterone levels were observed at diestrus-1, diestrus-2, and estrus days. The present results suggest that in the cyclic rat, each ovary has different sensitivities to VIPergic stimulation which depends on the endocrine status of the animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Rosas
- Biology of Reproduction Research Unit, Physiology of Reproduction Laboratory, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, UNAM, AP 9-020, CP 15000, Mexico, D.F., Mexico
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10
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Kleppe L, Edvardsen RB, Furmanek T, Taranger GL, Wargelius A. Global transcriptome analysis identifies regulated transcripts and pathways activated during oogenesis and early embryogenesis in Atlantic cod. Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:619-35. [PMID: 24687555 PMCID: PMC4265210 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying oogenesis and maternally controlled embryogenesis in fish are not fully understood, especially in marine species. Our aim was to study the egg and embryo transcriptome during oogenesis and early embryogenesis in Atlantic cod. Follicles from oogenesis stages (pre-, early-, and late-vitellogenic), ovulated eggs, and two embryonic stages (blastula, gastrula) were collected from broodstock fish and fertilized eggs. Gene expression profiles were measured in a 44 K oligo microarray consisting of 23,000 cod genes. Hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the follicle stages investigated, implicating a continuous accumulation and degradation of polyadenylated transcripts throughout oogenesis. Very few DEGs were identified from ovulated egg to blastula, showing a more stable maternal RNA pool in early embryonic stages. The highest induction of expression was observed between blastula and gastrula, signifying the onset of zygotic transcription. During early vitellogenesis, several of the most upregulated genes are linked to nervous system signaling, suggesting increasing requirements for ovarian synaptic signaling to stimulate the rapid growth of oocytes. Highly upregulated genes during late vitellogenesis are linked to protein processing, fat metabolism, osmoregulation, and arrested meiosis. One of the genes with the highest upregulation in the ovulated egg is involved in oxidative phosphorylation, reflecting increased energy requirements during fertilization and the first rapid cell divisions of early embryogenesis. In conclusion, this study provides a large-scale presentation of the Atlantic cod's maternally controlled transcriptome in ovarian follicles through oogenesis, ovulated eggs, and early embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 619–635, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Kleppe
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
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11
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Kozłowska A, Majewski M, Jana B. Changes in the cholinergic innervation pattern of porcine ovaries with cysts induced by dexamethasone administration. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 54:10-9. [PMID: 24519145 PMCID: PMC4125811 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We revealed earlier that induction of ovarian cysts in gilts by dexamethasone phosphate disodium salt (DXM) administration from the follicular phase of the estrous cycle (EC) changed the cholinergic innervation of the gonad. In the present study, the innervation of porcine ovaries by vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT)-, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)- and somatostatin (SOM)-immunoreactive (IR) fibres, after induction of cystic changes from the middle luteal phase of the EC, was determined. The cystic changes were induced by DXM injections from days 7 to 21 of the EC, and 11 days later, the ovaries were collected. In the cystic ovaries, VAChT-, nNOS- and SOM-IR fibres were found around cysts and small tertiary follicles; nNOS-IR and also VAChT-IR fibres were observed near secondary follicles and veins; and VAChT- and nNOS-IR fibres were not found around cortical arteries. The number of VIP-IR fibres increased near the cysts and within the ground plexus, while the number of VAChT-IR fibres decreased within the medullar part of this structure. Thus, our study showed changes in the cholinergic innervation pattern of the porcine cystic ovaries induced from the middle phase of the cycle and confirmed that cystic ovary innervation depends partly on the phase of the EC in which the induction of cysts was started.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kozłowska
- Division of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland,
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12
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Chen N, Li Y, Wang W, Ma Y, Yang D, Zhang Q. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Can Promote the Development of Neonatal Rat Primordial Follicles During In Vitro Culture1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:12. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.098335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Vasoactive intestinal peptide suppresses ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in vitro by up-regulating Bcl-2 gene expression. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 132:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2012.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Gabbay-Benziv R, Ao A, Fisch B, Zhang L, Oron G, Kessler-Icekson G, Ben-Haroush A, Krissi H, Abir R. Vasoactive intestinal peptide and its receptors in human ovarian cortical follicles. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37015. [PMID: 22623971 PMCID: PMC3356394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cryopreservation is one option for fertility preservation in patients with cancer. The danger of reseeding malignancies could be eliminated by in vitro maturation of primordial follicles from the frozen-thawed tissue. However, the development of this system is hindered by uncertainties regarding factors that activate primordial follicles. Neuronal growth factors such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) play important roles in early mammalian folliculogenesis. There are no data on the expression of VIP and its vasoactive intestinal peptide pituitary adenylate cyclase 1 and 2 receptors (VPAC1-R and VPAC2-R) in human preantral follicles. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Tissue samples from 14 human fetal ovaries and 40 ovaries from girls/women were prepared to test for the expression of VIP, VPAC1-R, and VPAC2-R on the protein (immunohistochemisty) and mRNA (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) levels. Immunohistochemistry staining was mostly weak, especially in fetal samples. The VIP protein was identified in oocytes and granulosa cells (GCs) in the fetal samples from 22 gestational weeks (GW) onwards. In girls/women, VIP follicular staining (oocytes and GCs) was identified in 45% of samples. VPAC1-R protein was identified in follicles in all fetal samples from 22GW onwards and in 63% of the samples from girls/women (GC staining only in 40%). VPAC2-R protein was identified in follicles in 33% of fetal samples and 47% of the samples from girls/women. The mRNA transcripts for VIP, VPAC1-R, and VPAC2-R were identified in ovarian extracts from fetuses and women. CONCLUSIONS VIP and its two receptors are expressed in human ovarian preantral follicles. However, their weak staining suggests they have limited roles in early follicular growth. To elucidate if VIP activates human primordial follicles, it should be added to the culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Gabbay-Benziv
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Beilinson Women’s Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Asangla Ao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fisch
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Beilinson Women’s Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Galia Oron
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Beilinson Women’s Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gania Kessler-Icekson
- The Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Avi Ben-Haroush
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Beilinson Women’s Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Haim Krissi
- Beilinson Women’s Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Abir
- Infertility and IVF Unit, Beilinson Women’s Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kowalewski MP, Dyson MT, Boos A, Stocco DM. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-mediated expression and function of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 328:93-103. [PMID: 20655982 PMCID: PMC5010784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2010] [Revised: 07/14/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
VIP is a peptide hormone capable of activating the cAMP/PKA pathway and modifying gonadal steroidogenic capacity. Less is known about the molecular mechanisms of VIP-mediated steroidogenesis and its role in regulating the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR). We examined the impact of VIP on STAR expression and function in immortalized (KK1) and primary mouse granulosa cells, where VIP strongly upregulated STAR expression and steroidogenesis. Inhibitors of the PKA and PKC pathways suggested that both are activated by VIP. VIP did not efficiently phosphorylate STAR (P-STAR); however, VIP together with cAMP-analogs that activate Type II PKA increased P-STAR and further increased steroidogenesis. Our results suggest that VIP-induced STAR expression and function in granulosa cells result from the preferential activation of Type I PKA. Furthermore, the PKA and PKC pathways appear to converge at regulating VIP-mediated Star transcription and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz P Kowalewski
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 3601 4th Street, Lubbock, TX 79430, United States
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16
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Koszykowska M, Kozłowska A, Wojtkiewicz J, Skobowiat C, Majewski M, Jana B. Distribution and chemical coding of sympathetic neurons in the caudal mesenteric ganglion projecting to the ovary in sexually mature gilts. Acta Vet Hung 2010; 58:389-403. [PMID: 20713329 DOI: 10.1556/avet.58.2010.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and co-localisation patterns of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DβH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM) and galanin (GAL) were investigated by use of retrograde neuronal tracing and double-labelling immunofluorescence techniques in the caudal mesenteric ganglion (CaMG) neurons supplying the ovary of adult pigs. The existence and density of nerve fibres that are immunoreactive (IR) for the above-mentioned neuroactive substances were also evaluated. Injections of a fluorescent tracer (Fast Blue; FB) into the ovaries revealed the presence of small- (76.38%) and large-sized (23.62%) FB-positive postganglionic neurons in the CaMG. Noradrenergic FB-positive cells were simultaneously NPY- (43.38%), SOM- (18.77%) and GAL- (18.31%) IR. Of the examined FB-positive neurons, 53.49% were DβH-IR but NPY-immunonegative (IN), 79.06% were DβH-IR but SOM-IN, and 77.16% were DβH-IR but GAL-IN. Small- or large-sized subsets of traced neurons were supplied by only one or a few nerve fibres, exhibiting DβH-, NPY-, SOM- and/or GAL-IR. Our data show the specific morphological as well as immunochemical structural organisation of the sympathetic neurons in the CaMG in adult gilts. The occurrence of an abundant population of noradrenergic perikarya in the CaMG may suggest their important physiological role in the regulation of gonadal function(s) in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Koszykowska
- 1 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Pathophysiology 10-747 Olsztyn Tuwima 10 Poland
| | - Anna Kozłowska
- 1 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Pathophysiology 10-747 Olsztyn Tuwima 10 Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- 2 University of Warmia and Mazury Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Olsztyn Poland
| | - Cezary Skobowiat
- 3 University of Warmia and Mazury Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Functional Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Olsztyn Poland
| | - Mariusz Majewski
- 2 University of Warmia and Mazury Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Olsztyn Poland
| | - Barbara Jana
- 1 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Pathophysiology 10-747 Olsztyn Tuwima 10 Poland
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17
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Keator CS, Custer EE, Hoagland TA, Schreiber DT, Mah K, Lawson AM, Slayden OD, McCracken JA. Evidence for a potential role of neuropeptide Y in ovine corpus luteum function. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2010; 38:103-14. [PMID: 19782503 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Revised: 08/06/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neurohormone that is typically associated with food intake, but it has also been reported to affect the production of progesterone from luteal tissue in vitro. However, NPY has not been previously immunolocalized in the ovine ovary or in the corpus luteum (CL) of any species, and the effects of this neurohormone on luteal function in vivo are not known. Thus, we performed fluorescent immunohistochemistry (IHC) to localize NPY in the ovine ovary and used avidin-biotin immunocytochemistry (ICC) to further define the intracellular localization within follicles and the CL. We then infused NPY directly into the arterial supply of the autotransplanted ovaries of sheep to determine the in vivo effect of exogenous NPY on ovarian blood flow and on the luteal secretion rate of progesterone and oxytocin. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the NPY antigen was localized to cells within the follicles and CL, in the nerve fibers of the ovarian stroma, and in the vessels of the ovarian hilus. In the follicle, the NPY antigen was localized to nerves and vessels within the theca interna layer, and strong staining was observed in the granulosal cells of antral follicles. In the CL, NPY was localized in large luteal cells and in the vascular pericytes and/or endothelial cells of blood vessels, found dispersed throughout the gland and within the luteal capsule. In vivo incremental infusions of NPY at 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 ng/min, each for a 30-min period, into the arterial supply of the transplanted ovary of sheep bearing a CL 11 d of age increased (P< or =0.05) ovarian blood flow. The intra-arterial infusions of NPY also increased (P< or =0.05) in a dose-dependent manner the secretion rate of oxytocin, which was positively correlated (P< or =0.05) with the observed increase in ovarian blood flow. The infusions of NPY had a minimal effect on the secretion rate of progesterone, and similar intra-arterial infusions of NPY into sheep with ovarian transplants bearing a CL over 30 d of age had no significant effect on ovarian blood flow or on the secretion rate of progesterone. These results suggest that NPY acts on the luteal vascular system and the large luteal cells to rapidly stimulate blood flow and the secretion of oxytocin, respectively, which collectively implies a putative role for NPY during the process of luteolysis when increasing amounts of oxytocin are secreted from the ovine CL in response to uterine pulses of prostaglandin F2alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Keator
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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18
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Barberi M, Muciaccia B, Morelli MB, Stefanini M, Cecconi S, Canipari R. Expression localisation and functional activity of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and their receptors in mouse ovary. Reproduction 2007; 134:281-92. [PMID: 17660238 DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) positively affect several parameters correlated with the ovulatory process. PACAP is transiently expressed in rat preovulatory follicles, while VIP is present in nerve fibres at all stages of development. These two peptides act by interacting with three types of receptors: PACAP type I receptor (PAC1-R), which binds with higher affinity to PACAP, and two VIP receptors (VPAC1-R and VPAC2-R), which bind to PACAP and VIP with equal affinity. The aim of the present study was to characterise the PACAP/VIP/receptor system in the mouse ovary. Results obtained by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation showed that PACAP was transiently expressed in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles after human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) stimulation, while VIP mRNA was never observed. All the receptors were present in 22-day-old untreated mice. In preovulatory follicles, PAC1-R was expressed both in granulosa cells and in residual ovarian tissue but was stimulated by hCG mainly in granulosa cells; VPAC2-R was present in both the cell compartments and was only mildly stimulated; VPAC1-R was present mainly in the residual ovarian tissue and was downregulated by hCG. PACAP and VIP were equipotent in inhibiting apoptosis in granulosa cells, confirming the presence of functional PACAP/VIP receptors. The contemporary induction by hCG of PACAP and PAC1-R in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles suggests that, also in mouse ovary, PACAP may play a significant role around the time of ovulation. Moreover, the presence of PACAP/VIP receptors in the untreated ovary suggests a possible role for PACAP and VIP during follicle development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Granulosa Cells/chemistry
- Granulosa Cells/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Ovary/chemistry
- Ovary/metabolism
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/analysis
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/genetics
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/analysis
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysis
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/analysis
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Type II/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/analysis
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Type I/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tissue Culture Techniques
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/analysis
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/genetics
- Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Barberi
- Department of Histology and Medical Embriology, La Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14, Rome 00161, Italy
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19
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Parra C, Fiedler JL, Luna SL, Greiner M, Padmanabhan V, Lara HE. Participation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in ovarian steroids production during the rat estrous cycle and in the development of estradiol valerate-induced polycystic ovary. Reproduction 2007; 133:147-54. [PMID: 17244741 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) stimulates estradiol and progesterone release from ovarian granulosa cellsin vitro. Very little information is available as to the role VIP plays in the control of steroid secretion during reproductive cyclicity and in ovarian pathologies involving altered steroid secretion. In this study, we determined the involvement of VIP in regulating ovarian androgen and estradiol release during estrous cyclicity and estradiol valerate (EV)-induced polycystic ovarian development in rats. Our findings show that androgen and estradiol release from ovaries obtained during different stages of rat estrous cycle mimic cyclic changes in steroid release observedin vivowith maximal release occurring during late proestrus. VIP increased androgen release from ovaries of all cycle stages except late proestrus and estradiol release from all cycle stages. Increases in VIP-induced androgen and estradiol release were maximal at early proestrus. Inclusion of saturating concentrations of androstenedione increased magnitude of VIP-induced estradiol release at diestrus and estrus but not proestrus. Magnitude of VIP-induced androgen and estradiol release tended to be greater in the ovaries from EV-treated rats with polycystic ovary compared with estrous controls. At the tissue level, ovarian VIP concentration was cycle stage dependent with highest level seen in diestrus. Maximum concentration of VIP was found in EV-treated rats. Changes in VIP were inversely related to changes in ovarian nerve growth factor, a neuropeptide involved in ovarian androgen secretion. These results strongly suggest that intraovarian VIP participates in the control of estradiol secretion during the rat estrous cycle and possibly in the maintenance of increased ovarian estradiol secretory activity of EV-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Parra
- Lab. Neurobioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Cecconi S, Rossi G, Barberi M, Scaldaferri L, Canipari R. Effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on mouse preantral follicle development in vitro. Endocrinology 2004; 145:2071-9. [PMID: 14701671 DOI: 10.1210/en.2003-1004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a bioactive peptide isolated from ovine hypothalamus. It is transiently expressed in preovulatory follicles and positively affects several parameters correlated with the ovulatory process. It has also been shown to be expressed in the interstitial tissue around primordial and preantral follicles. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PACAP influences preantral follicle growth and differentiation. Mouse preantral follicles were cultured for 5 d in the presence of FSH and increasing concentrations of PACAP or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (10(-12) to 10(-7) m). In the presence of FSH, follicles increased in diameter and formed an antrum. At the concentrations tested, neither PACAP alone nor VIP alone had any effect on follicle development, but the addition of either peptide to FSH-stimulated follicles caused a dose-dependent inhibition of follicle growth, antrum formation, granulosa cell proliferation, and estradiol production. The effect of PACAP on follicle growth and antrum formation was directly correlated with the length of stimulation and was reversible. Although exposure of follicles to 10(-7) m PACAP and VIP did not affect oocyte growth, it severely impaired completion of meiotic maturation in oocytes isolated from the follicles and cultured for 17 h in medium alone. The cyclic production of PACAP by preovulatory follicles during the estrous cycle in adult rats and its induction by LH in the rat and mouse ovary suggest that this peptide may play a role in the local regulation of preantral follicle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Cecconi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, Italy
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21
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Beker AR, Izadyar F, Colenbrander B, Bevers MM. Effect of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on in vitro bovine oocyte maturation. Theriogenology 2000; 53:1771-82. [PMID: 10968420 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(00)00313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and the structural-related peptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on nuclear maturation, cortical granule distribution and cumulus expansion of bovine oocytes. Bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in M199 without FCS and gonadotropins and in the presence of either 100 ng/mL bovine GHRH or 100 ng/mL porcine VIP. The COCs were incubated at 39 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2 in air, and the nuclear stage was assessed after 16 or 24 h of incubation using DAPI staining. Cortical granule distribution was assessed after 24 h of incubation using FITC-PNA staining. To assess the effects of GHRH and VIP on cumulus expansion, COCs were incubated for 24 h under the conditions described above. In addition, 0.05 IU/mL recombinant human FSH was added to GHRH and VIP groups. Cultures without GHRH/VIP/FSH or with only FSH served as negative and positive controls, respectively. At 16 h neither GHRH (42.9%) nor VIP (38.5%) influenced the percentage of MII stage oocytes compared with their respective controls (44.2 and 40.8%). At 24 h there also was no difference in the percentage of MII oocytes between GHRH (77.0%), VIP (75.3%) and their respective controls (76.0 and 72%). There was no significant cumulus expansion in the GHRH or VIP group, while FSH induced significant cumulus expansion compared with the control groups, which were not inhibited by GHRH or VIP. Distribution of cortical granules was negatively affected by GHRH and VIP. The percentage of oocytes showing more or less evenly dispersed cortical granules in the cortical cytoplasm aligning the oolemma (Type 3) was lower in the GHRH (2.7%) and VIP (7.8%) groups than in the control group (15.9%). In conclusion, GHRH and VIP have no effect on nuclear maturation or cumulus expansion of bovine COCs but retard cytoplasmic maturation, as reflected by delayed cortical granule migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Beker
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Kopp J, Zhang X, Hökfelt T. Neuropeptide Y1 receptors in the rat genital tract. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1997; 70:149-60. [PMID: 9272627 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(97)00028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, the expression of type 1 neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors (Y1-Rs) has been demonstrated in the rat genital tract. In the male Y1-R mRNA and Y1-R-like immunoreactivity (LI) were found in smooth muscles of predominantly arterioles and small arteries inside testis. Fibers showing NPY-LI could not be detected within testis but only in the tunica albuginea. These Y1-Rs are suggested to mediate vasoconstriction, possibly activated by NPY released from nerves in the tunica albuginea. In the female rat Y1-R mRNA, but not Y1-R-LI was found in vascular smooth muscles of arteries in the ovary and oviduct. In the oviduct Y1-R mRNA was also detected in the non-vascular smooth muscle layer. Fibers showing NPY-LI were found around blood vessels both in the ovary and oviduct. In the female genital tract also Y1-Rs may thus be involved in regulatory mechanisms mediating, for example, vasoconstriction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Genitalia, Female/anatomy & histology
- Genitalia, Female/chemistry
- Genitalia, Female/metabolism
- Genitalia, Male/anatomy & histology
- Genitalia, Male/chemistry
- Genitalia, Male/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization
- Male
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Ovary/chemistry
- Ovary/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/chemistry
- Receptors, Neuropeptide Y/genetics
- Testis/chemistry
- Testis/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kopp
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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24
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Ledda S, Bogliolo L, Leoni G, Calvia P, Naitana S. Influence of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on in vitro maturation of prepubertal and adult sheep oocytes. ZYGOTE 1996; 4:343-8. [PMID: 9153777 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199400003361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Much effort has been focused on establishing optimal conditions for obtainingin vitromaturation of oocytes from different species with results comparable to those achieved afterin vivodevelopment (reviewed by Brackett, 1992). However, even though extraordinary progress has been made, thein vitrotechnology for oocyte maturation lags far behind thatin vivoand improvements are needed to increase the quantity and quality of the embryos produced from these matured oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ledda
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Sassari, Italy
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25
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Abstract
In the present paper we have examined the distribution and identity of neuropeptide Y (NPY) immunoreactivity in the prenatal and mature human gonads. Tissue specimens were obtained from prenatal gonads (gestational age < 42 weeks) of induced abortions, premature birth and stillbirths. Specimens were also taken from infants who died aged less than 4 days. Tissue from mature gonads was obtained during surgery. The distribution and concentration in tissue extracts were determined by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay. NPY-immunoreactivity (NPY-IR) was demonstrated in both the prenatal and mature human gonads. In the gonads from fetuses at 16-25 weeks the NPY-IR was scarce and could only be demonstrated by radioimmunoassay. In the female gonads from fetuses at 40 weeks of gestation, distinct nerve fibres were detected in relation to blood vessels and primordial follicles. In the prenatal male gonads at the same gestational length as well as in the mature testis, the NPY-IR nerves were detected in relation to blood vessels and seminiferous tubules. The gel filtration profile from the prenatal gonads and from the mature ovary revealed a single peak corresponding to the elution position of bioactive synthetic human NPY. The gel filtration profile from the mature testis demonstrated an additional peak at Kd of 0.17. The presence of NPY-IR in relation to the developing and mature gonads suggests that NPY participates in gonadal functions from an early point in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Jørgensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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