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Sriboonyong T, Kawamatawong T, Sriwantana T, Srihirun S, Titapiwatanakun V, Vivithanaporn P, Pornsuriyasak P, Sibmooh N, Kamalaporn H. Efficacy and safety of inhaled nebulized sodium nitrite in asthmatic patients. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2020; 66:101984. [PMID: 33338662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2020.101984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrite is a physiologic nitric oxide (NO) derivative that can be bioactivated to NO. NO has been shown to attenuate airway inflammation and enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids in the animal model of asthma. Here, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of inhaled sodium nitrite as add-on therapy with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in adult patients with persistent asthma. METHODS In protocol 1, 10 asthmatic patients were administered a single dose of nebulized 15-mg sodium nitrite to assess safety, effect on lung function, and pharmacokinetics of nitrite within 120 min. In protocol 2, 20 patients were randomly assigned to a nitrite (15 mg twice daily) group or a placebo group to assess the efficacy over 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). The secondary outcomes were other lung function parameters, unplanned asthma-related visits at the emergency department (ED) or outpatient department (OPD), admission days, asthma control test (ACT), and safety. RESULTS Nebulized sodium nitrite had neither acute adverse effect nor effect on lung function test within 120 min. No blood pressure change was seen. At week 12, FEV1 increased in the nitrite group, whereas there was no change in the placebo group. There were 5 events of asthma exacerbation, 4 ED visits, and one unplanned OPD visit in the placebo group, but none of these was noted in the nitrite group. There was no change in ACT scores in both groups. No adverse event was reported during 12 weeks in the nitrite group. There was no change in methemoglobin levels and sputum inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION From our pilot trial, nebulized sodium nitrite is safe in asthmatic patients, and shows the potential to reduce asthma exacerbation compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tidarat Sriboonyong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Theerasuk Kawamatawong
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaporn Sriwantana
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Sirada Srihirun
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varin Titapiwatanakun
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Pornpun Vivithanaporn
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Prapaporn Pornsuriyasak
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nathawut Sibmooh
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Harutai Kamalaporn
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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2
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Sookrung N, Tungtrongchitr A, Chaicumpa W. Cockroaches: Allergens, Component-Resolved Diagnosis (CRD) and Component-Resolved Immunotherapy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:124-141. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190731144043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases are assuming increasing trend of prevalence worldwide. The diseases confer increasing demand on medical and healthcare facilities. Patients with allergies have poor quality of life and impaired cognition. Adult patients have subpar working efficiency while afflicted children are less effective at school, often have school absenteeism and need more attention of their caregivers. All of them lead to negative socio-economic impact. This narrative review focuses on cockroach allergy including currently recognized cockroach allergens, pathogenic mechanisms of allergy, componentresolved diagnosis and allergen-specific immunotherapy, particularly the component-resolved immunotherapy and the molecular mechanisms that bring about resolution of the chronic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Prangtaworn P, Chaisri U, Seesuay W, Mahasongkram K, Onlamoon N, Reamtong O, Tungtrongchitr A, Indrawattana N, Chaicumpa W, Sookrung N. Tregitope-linked Refined Allergen Vaccines for Immunotherapy in Cockroach Allergy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15480. [PMID: 30341299 PMCID: PMC6195530 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) facilitates long-term resolution of allergic morbidity resulting in reduced drug use and increased refractoriness to new sensitization. AIT effectiveness has been demonstrated in seasonal and perennial allergies, and insect stings. However, data and studies in AIT relative to cockroach (CR) allergy are relatively scarce. In this study, mice allergic to American CR (Periplaneta americana) were treated with a liposome (L)-entrapped vaccine made of mouse Tregitope289-Per a 9 of the CR, Tregitope167-Per a 9, or Per a 9 alone - or placebo. Allergic mice that received an individual vaccine intranasally had reduced Th2 response, reduced lung inflammation, and reduced respiratory tissue remodeling. However, only L-Tregitope289-Per a 9 and L-Tregitope167-Per a 9 induced expression of immunosuppressive cytokine genes (IL-10, TGF-β, and IL-35 for L-Tregitope289-Per a 9, and IL-10 and TGF-β for L-Tregitope167-Per a 9) and increment of idoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indicating that these vaccines caused allergic disease suppression and reversal of respiratory tissue remodeling via generation of regulatory lymphocytes. Liposome entrapped-recombinant Per a 9 (L-Per a 9) did not cause upregulation of immunosuppressive cytokine genes and IDO1 increment; rather, L-Per a 9 induced high expression of IFN-γ in lungs of treated mice, which resulted in mitigation of allergic manifestations. This study provides compelling evidence that both liposome-entrapped vaccines made of single refined major allergen alone and single refined major allergen linked with Tregitopes are effective for reducing allergen-mediated respiratory tissue inflammation and remodeling, but through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannathee Prangtaworn
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watee Seesuay
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kodchakorn Mahasongkram
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattawat Onlamoon
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Tropical Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tungtrongchitr
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Predicts Long-Term Outcome in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Lung 2017; 195:717-727. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) refers to the damage to the lungs secondary to exposure to elevated oxygen partial pressure. HALI has been a concern in clinical practice with the development of deep diving and the use of normobaric as well as hyperbaric oxygen in clinical practice. Although the pathogenesis of HALI has been extensively studied, the findings are still controversial. Nitric oxide (NO) is an intercellular messenger and has been considered as a signaling molecule involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Although the role of NO in the occurrence and development of pulmonary diseases including HALI has been extensively studied, the findings on the role of NO in HALI are conflicting. Moreover, inhalation of NO has been approved as a therapeutic strategy for several diseases. In this paper, we briefly summarize the role of NO in the pathogenesis of HALI and the therapeutic potential of inhaled NO in HALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Wu Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cui-Hong Han
- Department of Pathology, the First Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Pei-Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kan Liu
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Sun
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Shim DH, Lim JW, Kim H. Differentially expressed proteins in nitric oxide-stimulated NIH/3T3 fibroblasts: implications for inhibiting cancer development. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:563-71. [PMID: 25684010 PMCID: PMC4329373 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.2.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent evidence shows that nitric oxide (NO) may exhibit both pro-cancer and anti-cancer activities. The present study aimed to determine the differentially expressed proteins in NO-treated NIH/3T3 fibroblasts in order to investigate whether NO induces proteins with pro-cancer or anti-cancer effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cells were treated with 300 μM of an NO donor 3,3-bis-(aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene (NOC-18) for 12 h. The changed protein patterns, which were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis using pH gradients of 4-7, were conclusively identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis of the peptide digests. RESULTS Seventeen differentially expressed proteins were identified in NOC-18-treated cells. Nine proteins [vinculin protein, keratin 19, ubiquitous tropomodulin, F-actin capping protein (α1 subunit), tropomyosin 3, 26S proteasome-associated pad1 homolog, T-complex protein 1 (ε subunit) N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase, and heat shock protein 90] were increased and eight proteins (heat shock protein 70, glucosidase II, lamin B1, calreticulin, nucleophosmin 1, microtubule-associated protein retinitis pigmentosa/end binding family member 1, 150 kD oxygen-regulated protein precursor, and heat shock 70-related protein albino or pale green 2) were decreased by NOC-18 in the cells. Thirteen proteins are related to the suppression of cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis while two proteins (heat shock protein 90 and N(G)-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase) are related to carcinogenesis. The functions of 150 kD oxygen-regulated protein precursor and T-complex protein 1 (ε subunit) are unknown in relation to carcinogenesis. CONCLUSION Most proteins differentially expressed by NOC-18 are involved in inhibiting cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwi Shim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.; Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Nosarev AV, Smagliy LV, Anfinogenova Y, Popov SV, Kapilevich LV. Exercise and NO production: relevance and implications in the cardiopulmonary system. Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 2:73. [PMID: 25610830 PMCID: PMC4285794 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the existing knowledge about the effects of physical exercise on nitric oxide (NO) production in the cardiopulmonary system. The authors review the sources of NO in the cardiopulmonary system; involvement of three forms of NO synthases (eNOS, nNOS, and iNOS) in exercise physiology; exercise-induced modulation of NO and/or NOS in physiological and pathophysiological conditions in human subjects and animal models in the absence and presence of pharmacological modulators; and significance of exercise-induced NO production in health and disease. The authors suggest that physical activity significantly improves functioning of the cardiovascular system through an increase in NO bioavailability, potentiation of antioxidant defense, and decrease in the expression of reactive oxygen species-forming enzymes. Regular physical exercises are considered a useful approach to treat cardiovascular diseases. Future studies should focus on detailed identification of (i) the exercise-mediated mechanisms of NO exchange; (ii) optimal exercise approaches to improve cardiovascular function in health and disease; and (iii) physical effort thresholds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei V Nosarev
- Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Smagliy
- Department of Biophysics and Functional Diagnostics, Siberian State Medical University Tomsk, Russia
| | - Yana Anfinogenova
- Institute of Physics and Technology, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Tomsk, Russia ; Research Institute for Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Tomsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Popov
- Research Institute for Cardiology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Tomsk, Russia
| | - Leonid V Kapilevich
- Faculty of Physical Education, National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk, Russia
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8
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Benson RC, Hardy KA, Morris CR. Arginase and arginine dysregulation in asthma. J Allergy (Cairo) 2011; 2011:736319. [PMID: 21747870 PMCID: PMC3124954 DOI: 10.1155/2011/736319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, evidence has accumulated indicating that the enzyme arginase, which converts L-arginine into L-ornithine and urea, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disorders such as asthma through dysregulation of L-arginine metabolism and modulation of nitric oxide (NO) homeostasis. Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling. Through substrate competition, arginase decreases bioavailability of L-arginine for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), thereby limiting NO production with subsequent effects on airway tone and inflammation. By decreasing L-arginine bioavailability, arginase may also contribute to the uncoupling of NOS and the formation of the proinflammatory oxidant peroxynitrite in the airways. Finally, arginase may play a role in the development of chronic airway remodeling through formation of L-ornithine with downstream production of polyamines and L-proline, which are involved in processes of cellular proliferation and collagen deposition. Further research on modulation of arginase activity and L-arginine bioavailability may reveal promising novel therapeutic strategies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée C. Benson
- Bay Area Pediatric Pulmonary Medical Corporation, Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Karen A. Hardy
- Bay Area Pediatric Pulmonary Medical Corporation, Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
| | - Claudia R. Morris
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital & Research Center Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609, USA
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9
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Prado CM, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC. Nitric oxide in asthma physiopathology. ISRN ALLERGY 2011; 2011:832560. [PMID: 23724233 PMCID: PMC3658695 DOI: 10.5402/2011/832560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and remodeling. Nitric oxide (NO) derived from constitutive and inducible enzymes affects many aspects of asthma physiopathology. Animal in vivo studies have indicated that inhibition of iNOS may play a central role in the modulation of these features, particularly extracellular matrix remodeling. Additionally, increases in iNOS-derived NO, observed in asthmatic patients, may lead to an increase in peroxynitrite and an imbalance of oxidant and antioxidant pathways. In addition, endogenous nitric oxide produced by constitutive enzymes may protect against the remodeling of the lung. Therefore, nitric oxide donors and/or iNOS inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in asthma treatment and can also be used with corticosteroids to counteract airway remodeling. This paper focuses on the pathophysiological role of nitric oxide, mainly derived from inducible isoforms, in the various pathologic mechanisms of allergic asthma and the importance of nitric oxide and/or arginase inhibitors in asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Prado
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 04023-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil ; Departmento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 04301-012, Diadema, SP, Brazil
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10
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Pharmacology of airway smooth muscle proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2008; 585:385-97. [PMID: 18417114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2008.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2007] [Revised: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle thickening is a pathological feature that contributes significantly to airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma. Ongoing research efforts aimed at identifying the mechanisms responsible for the increased airway smooth muscle mass have indicated that hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle, due in part to airway myocyte proliferation, is likely a major factor. Airway smooth muscle proliferation has been studied extensively in culture and in animal models of asthma, and these studies have revealed that a variety of receptors and mediators contributes to this response. This review aims to provide an overview of the receptors and mediators that control airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, with emphasis on the intracellular signalling mechanisms involved.
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11
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Arora S, Vohra P, Kumar A, Tyagi YK, Raj HG, Dawarkanath BS, Saluja D, Saso L, Parmar VS. Calreticulin Transacetylase Catalyzed Activation of Rat Tracheal Smooth Muscle Cell Nitric Oxide Synthase by Acetoxycoumarins. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:709-13. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shvetambri Arora
- Department of Biochemistry, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi
| | - Parag Vohra
- Department of Biochemistry, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi
| | - Ajit Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, V. P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi
| | | | | | | | - Daman Saluja
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer” Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Virinder Singh Parmar
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer” Sapienza University of Rome
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12
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Busse PJ, Zhang TF, Srivastava K, Schofield B, Li XM. Effect of ageing on pulmonary inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness and T and B cell responses in antigen-sensitized and -challenged mice. Clin Exp Allergy 2007; 37:1392-403. [PMID: 17845421 PMCID: PMC2818115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2007.02775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of ageing on several pathologic features of allergic asthma (pulmonary inflammation, eosinophilia, mucus hypersecretion), and their relationship with airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is not well characterized. OBJECTIVE To evaluate lung inflammation, mucus metaplasia and AHR in relationship with age in murine models of allergic asthma comparing young and older mice. METHODS Young (6 weeks) and older (6, 12, 18 months) BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). AHR and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), total inflammatory cell count and differential were measured. To evaluate mucus metaplasia, quantitative PCR for the major airway mucin-associated gene, MUC-5AC, from lung tissue was measured, and lung tissue sections stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) for goblet-cell enumeration. Lung tissue cytokine gene expression was determined by quantitative PCR, and systemic cytokine protein levels by ELISA from spleen-cell cultures. Antigen-specific serum IgE was determined by ELISA. RESULTS AHR developed in both aged and young OVA-sensitized/challenged mice (OVA mice), and was more significantly increased in young OVA mice than in aged OVA mice. However, BALF eosinophil numbers were significantly higher, and lung histology showed greater inflammation in aged OVA mice than in young OVA mice. MUC-5AC expression and numbers of PAS+ staining bronchial epithelial cells were significantly increased in the aged OVA mice. All aged OVA mice had increased IL-5 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in the lung and IL-5 and IFN-gamma protein levels from spleen cell cultures compared with young OVA mice. OVA-IgE was elevated to a greater extent in aged OVA mice. CONCLUSIONS Although pulmonary inflammation and mucus metaplasia after antigen sensitization/challenge occurred to a greater degree in older mice, the increase in AHR was significantly less compared with younger OVA mice. Antigen treatment produced a unique cytokine profile in older mice (elevated IFN-gamma and IL-5) compared with young mice (elevated IL-4 and IL-13). Thus, the airway response to inflammation is lessened in ageing animals, and may represent age-associated events leading to different phenotypes in response to antigen provocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J Busse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Prado CM, Leick-Maldonado EA, Miyamoto L, Yano LM, Kasahara DI, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC. Capsaicin-sensitive nerves and neurokinins modulate non-neuronal nNOS expression in lung. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2007; 160:37-44. [PMID: 17897889 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) infusion and acute stimulation of capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves fibers (CAP) on lung recruitment of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-positive inflammatory and respiratory epithelial (RE) cells in guinea-pigs. We evaluated if the effects of CAP stimulation were maintained until 14 days and had functional pulmonary repercussions. After 24h of CAP and 30 min after SP and NKA infusions there was an increase in nNOS-positive eosinophils and mononuclear cells compared to controls (P<0.05). SP group presented an increase in nNOS-positive RE (P<0.05). After 14 days of CAP stimulation, there was a reduction in resistance (R(rs)) and elastance (E(rs)) of respiratory system in capsaicin pre-treated animals. We noticed a correlation between nNOS-positive eosinophils (R=-0.644, P<0.05) and mononuclear cells (R=-0.88, P<0.001) and R(rs). Concluding, CAP and neurokinins increase nNOS expression by inflammatory and RE cells. The increase in nNOS expression induced by low and high doses stimulation of CAP is longstanding and correlated to pulmonary mechanical repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Prado
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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14
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Tadié JM, Henno P, Leroy I, Danel C, Naline E, Faisy C, Riquet M, Levy M, Israël-Biet D, Delclaux C. Role of nitric oxide synthase/arginase balance in bronchial reactivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 294:L489-97. [PMID: 17675371 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00109.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Competition between nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) and arginases for their common substrate l-arginine could be involved in the regulation of cholinergic airway reactivity and subsequent airway remodeling. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relationships between the expression of this enzymatic balance and the effects of NOS and arginase inhibition on bronchoconstrictive response to acetylcholine of patients without and with early chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty-two human bronchi [15 COPD (9 GOLD-0, 6 GOLD-1, -2-A), 7 nonsmokers] were investigated for immunohistochemistry and modulation of acetylcholine-induced airway constriction. Significantly increased expression of NOS2 in immunoblots of bronchial tissue and staining in smooth muscle cells was evidenced in patients with COPD compared with control subjects, whereas no modification of arginase expression was evidenced. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and NOS2 expression were negatively correlated (rho=-0.54, P=0.027). Pharmacological experiments demonstrated that resting tension was elevated in COPD compared with control subjects (2,243+/-154 vs. 1,574+/-218 mg, P=0.03) and was positively correlated with the expression of NOS2 (rho=0.61, P=0.044), whereas constrictor response to acetylcholine was similar [active tension, sensitivity (-logEC10), and reactivity (slope)]. The sole effect of the specific arginase inhibitor Nomega-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine (1 microM) was to decrease sensitivity in COPD patients, whereas 1 mM NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester unexpectedly decreased resting tension because of a non-cGMP-dependent effect. In conclusion, an upregulation of NOS2 expression in COPD patients is involved in airway tone regulation and functional airflow limitation, whereas increased arginase activity is involved in airway sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Tadié
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20-40, rue Leblanc, 75908 Paris cedex 15, and Unité Propre de Recherche de l'Enseignement Supérieur EA 4068, Saints-Pères-Université Paris, Paris, France
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15
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Abstract
This article briefly reviews the background of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, describes the nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase pathway and its role in modulating pulmonary vascular tone and remodeling, and describes three approaches that target the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway in the treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Klinger
- Division of Pulmonary Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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16
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Lazaar AL, Panettieri RA. Airway smooth muscle as a regulator of immune responses and bronchomotor tone. Clin Chest Med 2006; 27:53-69, vi. [PMID: 16543052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The traditional view of airway smooth muscle (ASM) in asthma, as a purely contractile tissue, seems to be inadequate. Compelling evidence now suggests that ASM plays an important role in regulating bronchomotor tone, in perpetuating airway inflammation, and in remodeling of the airways. This article reviews three distinct functions of ASM cells: the process of excitation-contraction coupling, with a particular focus on the role of cytokines in modulating calcium responses; the processes of smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration; and the synthetic and immunomodulatory function of ASM cells. This article also discusses how altered synthetic function contributes to airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aili L Lazaar
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
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17
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Redington AE. Modulation of nitric oxide pathways: therapeutic potential in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 533:263-76. [PMID: 16466650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is present in the exhaled breath of humans and other mammalian species. It is generated in the lower airways by enzymes of the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family, although nonenzymatic synthesis and consumptive processes may also influence levels of NO in exhaled breath. The biological properties of NO in the airways are multiple, complex, and bidirectional. Under physiological conditions, NO appears to play a homeostatic bronchoprotective role. However, its proinflammatory properties could also potentially cause tissue injury and contribute to airway dysfunction in disease states such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This article will review the physiological and pathophysiological roles of NO in the airways, discuss the rationale for the use of drugs that modulate NO pathways--nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and NO donors--to treat inflammatory airway diseases, and attempt to predict the likely therapeutic benefit of such agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Redington
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0HS, United Kingdom.
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18
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de Blic J, Tillie-Leblond I, Emond S, Mahut B, Dang Duy TL, Scheinmann P. High-resolution computed tomography scan and airway remodeling in children with severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005; 116:750-4. [PMID: 16210046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with severe asthma have a significantly higher bronchial wall thickness (BWT) on high-resolution computed tomography scan than control children. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether a BWT score correlates with markers of airway remodeling and inflammation. METHODS In 37 children with severe asthma, we determined reticular basement membrane thickness; number of intraepithelial neutrophils and eosinophils on bronchial biopsy; IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and eosinophil cationic protein levels and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio on bronchoalveolar lavage specimen; and alveolar nitric oxide (NO) concentration and the maximum airway wall NO flux. RESULTS The BWT score significantly correlated with reticular basement membrane thickening (r = 0.34; P = .04) and NO production by the airway wall (r = 0.45; P = .02). The correlation with the eosinophil cationic protein level was just significant (r = 0.40; P = .05), whereas there was no correlation with IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio (r = -0.31; P = .08). The BWT score did not correlate with FEV(1) or forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of forced vital capacity. CONCLUSION High-resolution computed tomography scan is a noninvasive technique that might be valuable for quantifying airway remodeling in children with severe asthma. The new generations of multislice computed tomography scanners will allow higher definition and lower radiation exposure and probably give a better assessment of airway remodeling and efficacy of treatment in children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques de Blic
- Service de pneumologie et d'allergologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Université René Descartes, Paris, France.
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19
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Prado CM, Leick-Maldonado EA, Kasahara DI, Capelozzi VL, Martins MA, Tibério IFLC. Effects of acute and chronic nitric oxide inhibition in an experimental model of chronic pulmonary allergic inflammation in guinea pigs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 289:L677-83. [PMID: 15937069 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00010.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenously produced nitric oxide is a recognized regulator of physiological lung events, such as a neurotransmitter and a proinflammatory mediator. We tested the differences between chronic and acute nitric oxide inhibition by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) treatment in lung mechanics, inflammation, and airway remodeling in an experimental asthma model in guinea pigs. Both acute and chronic l-NAME treatment reduced exhaled nitric oxide in sensitized animals ( P < 0.001). Chronic l-NAME treatment increased baseline and maximal responses after antigen challenge of respiratory system resistance and reduced peribronchial edema and mononuclear cells airway infiltration ( P < 0.05). Acute administration of l-NAME increased maximal values of respiratory system elastance and reduced mononuclear cells and eosinophils in airway wall ( P < 0.05). Chronic ovalbumin exposure resulted in airway wall thickening due to an increase in collagen content ( P < 0.005). Chronic nitric oxide inhibition increased collagen deposition in airway wall in sensitized animals ( P < 0.05). These data support the hypothesis that in this model nitric oxide acts as a bronchodilator, mainly in proximal airways. Furthermore, chronic nitric oxide inhibition was effective in reducing edema and mononuclear cells in airway wall. However, airway eosinophilic inflammation was unaltered by chronic l-NAME treatment. In addition, nitric oxide inhibition upregulates collagen deposition in airway walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M Prado
- Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Taillé C, El-Benna J, Lanone S, Boczkowski J, Motterlini R. Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain and NAD(P)H Oxidase Are Targets for theAntiproliferative Effect of Carbon Monoxide in Human Airway SmoothMuscle. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:25350-60. [PMID: 15863496 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503512200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), one of the end products of heme oxygenase activity, inhibits smooth muscle proliferation by decreasing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression, a signaling pathway that is known to be modulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Two important sources of ROS involved in cell signaling are the membrane NAD(P)H oxidase and the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Thus, that CO could modulate redox signaling in ASMCs by interacting with the heme moiety of NAD(P)H oxidase and/or the respiratory chain is a plausible hypothesis. Here we show that a recently identified carbon monoxide-releasing molecule, [Ru(CO)3Cl2]2 (or CORM-2) 1) inhibits NAD(P)H oxidase cytochrome b558 activity, 2) increases oxidant production by the mitochondria, and 3) inhibits ASMC proliferation and phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase and expression of cyclin D1, two critical pathways involved in muscle proliferation. No such effects were observed with the negative control (Ru(Me2SO)4Cl2), which does not contain CO groups. Because both diphenylene iodinium or apocynin (inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase) and rotenone (a molecule that increases mitochondrial ROS production by blocking the respiratory chain) mimicked the effect of CORM-2 on cyclin D1 expression and ASMC proliferation, the antiproliferative effect of CORM-2 is probably related to inhibition of cytochromes on both NAD(P)H oxidase and the respiratory chain. The involvement of increased mitochondria-derived oxidants is substantiated by the findings showing that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine partially inhibited the effects of CORM-2. This study provides a new mechanism to explain redox signaling by CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Taillé
- INSERM Unité 700 and Unité 683, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 02, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
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21
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Teixeira LK, Fonseca BPF, Barboza BA, Viola JPB. The role of interferon-gamma on immune and allergic responses. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2005; 100 Suppl 1:137-44. [PMID: 15962113 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762005000900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases have been closely related to Th2 immune responses, which are characterized by high levels of interleukin (IL) IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13. These cytokines orchestrate the recruitment and activation of different effector cells, such as eosinophils and mast cells. These cells along with Th2 cytokines are key players on the development of chronic allergic inflammatory disorders, usually characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, reversible airway obstruction, and airway inflammation. Accumulating evidences have shown that altering cytokine-producing profile of Th2 cells by inducing Th1 responses may be protective against Th2-related diseases such as asthma and allergy. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), the principal Th1 effector cytokine, has shown to be crucial for the resolution of allergic-related immunopathologies. In fact, reduced production of this cytokine has been correlated with severe asthma. In this review, we will discuss the role of IFN-gamma during the generation of immune responses and its influence on allergic inflammation models, emphasizing its biologic properties during the different aspects of allergic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo K Teixeira
- Divisão de Biologia Celular, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20231-050, Brasil
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22
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Ricciardolo FLM, Sterk PJ, Gaston B, Folkerts G. Nitric oxide in health and disease of the respiratory system. Physiol Rev 2004; 84:731-65. [PMID: 15269335 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade a plethora of studies have unravelled the multiple roles of nitric oxide (NO) in airway physiology and pathophysiology. In the respiratory tract, NO is produced by a wide variety of cell types and is generated via oxidation of l-arginine that is catalyzed by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS). NOS exists in three distinct isoforms: neuronal NOS (nNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS). NO derived from the constitutive isoforms of NOS (nNOS and eNOS) and other NO-adduct molecules (nitrosothiols) have been shown to be modulators of bronchomotor tone. On the other hand, NO derived from iNOS seems to be a proinflammatory mediator with immunomodulatory effects. The concentration of this molecule in exhaled air is abnormal in activated states of different inflammatory airway diseases, and its monitoring is potentially a major advance in the management of, e.g., asthma. Finally, the production of NO under oxidative stress conditions secondarily generates strong oxidizing agents (reactive nitrogen species) that may modulate the development of chronic inflammatory airway diseases and/or amplify the inflammatory response. The fundamental mechanisms driving the altered NO bioactivity under pathological conditions still need to be fully clarified, because their regulation provides a novel target in the prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio L M Ricciardolo
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, PO Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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23
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Mulrennan SA, Redington AE. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition: therapeutic potential in asthma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 3:79-88. [PMID: 15182209 DOI: 10.2165/00151829-200403020-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine in the human respiratory tract by enzymes of the NO synthase (NOS) family. Levels of NO in exhaled air are increased in asthma, and measurement of exhaled NO has been advocated as a noninvasive tool to monitor the underlying inflammatory process. However, the relation of NO to disease pathophysiology is uncertain, and in particular the fundamental question of whether it should be viewed primarily as beneficial or harmful remains unanswered. Exogenously administered NO has both bronchodilator and bronchoprotective properties. Although it is unlikely that NO is an important regulator of basal airway tone, there is good evidence that endogenous NO release exerts a protective effect against various bronchoconstrictor stimuli. This response is thought to involve one or both of the constitutive NOS isoforms, endothelial NOS (eNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). Therefore, inhibition of these enzymes is unlikely to be therapeutically useful in asthma and indeed may worsen disease control. On the other hand, the high concentrations of NO in asthma, which are believed to reflect upregulation of inducible NOS (iNOS) by proinflammatory cytokines, may produce various deleterious effects. These include increased vascular permeability, damage to the airway epithelium, and promotion of inflammatory cell infiltration. However, the possible effects of iNOS inhibition on allergic inflammation in asthma have not yet been described and studies in animal models have yielded inconsistent findings. Thus, the evidence to suggest that inhibition of iNOS would be a useful therapeutic strategy in asthma is limited at present. More definitive information will require studies combining agents that potently and specifically target individual NOS isoforms with direct measurement of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan A Mulrennan
- Division of Academic Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, University of Hull, Hull, England
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24
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Huang CD, Chen HH, Wang CH, Chou CL, Lin SM, Lin HC, Kuo HP. Human neutrophil-derived elastase induces airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. Life Sci 2004; 74:2479-92. [PMID: 15010259 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2003] [Accepted: 07/03/2003] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils and their derived elastase are abundant in chronic inflammatory responses of asthma. This study aimed to investigate the mitogenic effect of elastase on airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and the implicated signal transduction pathway. Near confluent cultured human ASM cells were treated with human neutrophil elastase (HNE, 0.01 to 0.5 microg/ml) or vehicle for 24 hours with or without extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor (PD98059, 30 microM), p38 kinase inhibitor (SB203580, 10 microM) or elastase inhibitor II (100 microg/ml). The ASM cell numbers were counted by a hemocytometer and DNA synthesis was assessed by flowcytometry. Western blots analysis for the expression of ERK, p38 and cyclin D1 was determined. HNE dose-dependently increased ASM cell numbers and the percentage of cells entering S-phase of cell cycle. This response was abolished by neutrophil elastase inhibitors and attenuated by PD98059, but not SB203580. HNE increased ERK phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression. Pretreatment with PD98059 significantly inhibited elastase-induced cyclin D1 activity. The increased ASM cellular gap and cell shape change by proteolytic activity of HNE may be contributory to ERK activation and therefore cell proliferation. Our results demonstrate that HNE is mitogenic for ASM cells by increasing cyclin D1 activity through ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Da Huang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine II, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 199 Tun-Hwa N. Rd., Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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25
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Hamad AM, Clayton A, Islam B, Knox AJ. Guanylyl cyclases, nitric oxide, natriuretic peptides, and airway smooth muscle function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 285:L973-83. [PMID: 14551038 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00033.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) plays an important role in asthma pathophysiology through its contractile and proliferative functions. The cyclic nucleotides adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) are second messengers capable of mediating the effects of a variety of drugs and hormones. There is a large body of evidence to support the hypothesis that cAMP is a mediator of the ASM's relaxant effects of drugs, such as beta2-adrenoceptor agonists, in human airways. Although most attention has been paid to this second messenger and the signal transduction pathways it activates, recent evidence suggests that cGMP is also an important second messenger in ASM with important relaxant and antiproliferative effects. Here, we review the regulation and function of cGMP in ASM and discuss the implications for asthma pathophysiology and therapeutics. Recent studies suggest that activators of soluble and particulate guanylyl cyclases, such as nitric oxide donors and natriuretic peptides, have both relaxant and antiproliferative effects that are mediated through cGMP-dependent and cGMP-independent pathways. Abnormalities in these pathways may contribute to asthma pathophysiology, and therapeutic manipulation may complement the effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Hamad
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Al-Mansourah University, Al-Dakahlia, Egypt
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26
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Hirst SJ. Regulation of airway smooth muscle cell immunomodulatory function: role in asthma. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2003; 137:309-26. [PMID: 14516734 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
General agreement exists that in asthma, airway smooth muscle contracts, narrowing the airway lumen and thereby causing airflow obstruction and dyspnoea. New evidence is emerging that airway smooth muscle may also fulfil an immunomodulatory role by providing a rich source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, polypeptide growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, cell adhesion receptors and co-stimulatory molecules. Together, the available data support a role for airway smooth muscle in actively perpetuating airway mucosal inflammatory processes including mast cell and leukocyte (T cell, neutrophil, eosinophil) activation and recruitment. Production of anti-inflammatory mediators by airway smooth muscle such as prostaglandin E(2) suggests that it is also capable of exerting a 'braking' effect on local inflammation. Recognition of this newly described property of airway smooth muscle makes it important to consider therapeutic targets for suppressing the synthesis and secretion of immunomodulatory mediators from this cell. However, it remains imperative to establish to what extent the secretory potential of airway smooth muscle is quantitatively important in vivo and in asthmatic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Hirst
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, Fifth Floor, Thomas Guy House, Guy's Hospital Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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27
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Martin JG, Ramos-Barbón D. Airway smooth muscle growth from the perspective of animal models. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2003; 137:251-61. [PMID: 14516730 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle maintains airway tone and may assist in adjusting ventilation distribution within the normal lung. Alterations in the properties or the quantity of ASM are likely responsible for some instances of airways hyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictive stimuli that is a characteristic of diseases such as asthma. Morphometric studies have shown an increase in the mass of ASM in human asthmatic airways. Animal models have been developed that confirm that ASM can be induced to grow by allergic sensitization and challenge. Growth is in large part by hyperplasia as measured by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine as a marker of the S-phase of the cell cycle. T cells, in particular CD4+ cells, may participate in the stimulation of growth of ASM by allergen challenge. The growth factors responsible for the increase in ASM are as yet unidentified but two mediators associated with allergic airway responses, cysteinyl leukotrienes and endothelin, have been implicated using specific receptor antagonists. The links between T cells and the biochemical mediators of growth have not been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Martin
- Department of Medicine, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, 3626 Urbain Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H2X 2P2.
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28
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Panettieri RA. Airway smooth muscle: immunomodulatory cells that modulate airway remodeling? Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2003; 137:277-93. [PMID: 14516732 DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9048(03)00153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of asthma remains unclear, substantial progress has been made over the past decades in the characterization of airway inflammation as a pathogenetic mechanism in asthma. New evidence suggests that airway smooth muscle (ASM), the most important cell modulating bronchomotor tone, plays an important immunomodulatory role in the orchestration and perpetuation of airway inflammation. Evidence now suggests that the signaling pathways that modulate leukocyte function may be disparate from those found in resident effector cells such as ASM, fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Further investigation and understanding of the critical signaling pathways that modulate ASM cell release, secretion of chemokines/cytokines and expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) may offer new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reynold A Panettieri
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, 421 Curie Boulevard, 805 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA 19104-6160, USA.
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29
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Cohen RI, Hassell AM, Ye X, Marzouk K, Liu SF. Lipopolysaccharide down-regulates inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in swine heart in vivo. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 307:451-8. [PMID: 12893242 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the regulation of iNOS expression have provided many contradictory results. Comparing iNOS expression profile between cell types or organs of the same animal under the same experimental conditions may provide an explanation for these conflicting results. We have examined iNOS mRNA and protein expression in heart and liver of the same group of pigs. We found that there is a sharp difference in iNOS expression between heart and liver. The iNOS mRNA and protein was constitutively expressed in the heart at high level, but was not detectable in the liver of the same control animal. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 microg/kg, i.v.) caused a marked iNOS induction in the liver, but significantly down-regulated iNOS expression in the heart. This differential iNOS expression appears to be physiologically relevant, since LPS and the iNOS inhibitor, S-methylisothiourea, exerted different effects on hepatic and myocardial blood flow. Our data demonstrate a fundamental difference in iNOS regulation in the heart and liver of swine, and may explain the contradictory data on the regulation of iNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubin I Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New Hyde Park, NY 11040-1433, USA
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30
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Patel HJ, Belvisi MG, Bishop-Bailey D, Yacoub MH, Mitchell JA. Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in human airway smooth muscle cells has a superior anti-inflammatory profile to corticosteroids: relevance for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:2663-9. [PMID: 12594295 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.5.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle is actively involved in the inflammatory process in diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma by 1) contributing to airway narrowing through hyperplasia and hypertrophy and 2) the release of GM-CSF and G-CSF, which promotes the survival and activation of infiltrating leukocytes. Thus, the identification of novel anti-inflammatory pathways in airway smooth muscle will have important implications for the treatment of inflammatory airway disease. This study identifies such a pathway in the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). PPAR ligands are known therapeutic agents in the treatment of diabetes; however, their role in human airway disease is unknown. We demonstrate, for the first time, that human airway smooth muscle cells express PPAR alpha and -gamma subtypes. Activation of PPAR gamma by natural and synthetic ligands inhibits serum-induced cell growth more effectively than does the steroid dexamethasone, and induces apoptosis. Moreover, PPAR gamma activation, like dexamethasone, inhibits the release of GM-CSF. However, PPAR gamma ligands, but not dexamethasone, similarly inhibits G-CSF release. These results reveal a novel anti-inflammatory pathway in human airway smooth muscle, where PPAR gamma activation has additional anti-inflammatory effects to those of steroids. Hence, PPAR ligands might act as potential treatments in human respiratory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Fragmentation/drug effects
- Dexamethasone/pharmacology
- Female
- Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interleukin-1/pharmacology
- Ligands
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Peroxisomes/genetics
- Peroxisomes/metabolism
- Prostaglandin D2/analogs & derivatives
- Prostaglandin D2/metabolism
- Prostaglandin D2/pharmacology
- Protein Isoforms/biosynthesis
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy
- Pyrimidines/metabolism
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thiazoles/metabolism
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazolidinediones
- Trachea/cytology
- Trachea/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema J Patel
- Respiratory Pharmacology Group, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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31
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Abstract
Nitric oxide is endogenously released in the airways by nitric oxide synthase. Functionally, two isoforms of this enzyme exist: constitutive and inducible. The former seems to protect airways from excessive bronchoconstriction while the latter has a modulatory role in inflammatory disorders of the airways such as asthma. This review explores the physiological and pathophysiological role of endogenous nitric oxide in the airways, and the clinical aspects of monitoring nitric oxide in exhaled air of patients with respiratory disease.
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32
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Eynott PR, Paavolainen N, Groneberg DA, Noble A, Salmon M, Nath P, Leung SY, Chung KF. Role of nitric oxide in chronic allergen-induced airway cell proliferation and inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 304:22-9. [PMID: 12490571 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cellular inflammation and airway wall remodeling with subepithelial fibrosis and airway smooth muscle thickening are features of chronic asthma. We determined the role of nitric oxide in the pathogenesis of allergen-induced airway cell proliferation and inflammation by studying the effects of a relatively selective prodrug inhibitor of nitric-oxide synthase type 2 (NOS2), L-N6-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine-5-tetrazole amide (SC-51). Brown-Norway rats were sensitized to ovalbumin and were exposed to ovalbumin aerosol every 3rd day on six occasions and were treated orally with either vehicle or SC-51 (10 mg. kg(-1); 12 doses). We measured inflammatory cell accumulation in the airways and proliferation of cells by incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine. There was an increase in the total number of airway smooth muscle cells expressing bromodeoxyuridine from 1.3% of airway smooth muscle cells in saline exposed to 5.4% after allergen-exposure (P < 0.001) and airway epithelial cells from 3.3 cells/mm basement membrane to 9.6 after allergen-exposure (P < 0.001). SC-51 had no effect on airway smooth muscle or epithelial cell proliferation. SC-51 attenuated the allergen-induced increase in major basic protein (MBP+) eosinophil (P < 0.05) and CD4+ T-cell (P < 0.05) accumulation. We conclude that nitric oxide derived during allergic inflammation is involved in the expression of eosinophilic inflammation and not in epithelial or airway smooth muscle cell DNA synthesis induced by chronic allergen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Eynott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College School of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Chou FP, Tseng TH, Chen JH, Wang HC, Wang CJ. Induced proliferation of human MRC-5 cells by nitrogen oxides via direct and indirect activation of MEKK1, JNK, and p38 signals. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 181:203-8. [PMID: 12079429 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) are important indoor air pollutants and an occupational hazard. Many studies demonstrated that NOx causes lung tissue damage based on the oxidation properties and the free-radical potentials of these gases. In this study we found that NOx delivered as a NO gas-saturated solution induced proliferation of human lung fibroblast MCR-5 cells as evidenced by increasing cell number and S phase distribution. Western data showed that NOx increased the expressions of c-Fos, c-Jun, and signaling kinases including MEKK1, JNK1, and p38 (with induction fold of 3.3, 2.8, and 3.2, respectively) in the cells 12 h after treatment. The levels of phospho-MEKK1 and phospho-JNK1 were also increased. The application of iNOS inhibitor, NAME, partially blocked the activation of MEKK4 and JNK1. These data suggested that JNK and p38 signaling kinases are activated partly by endogenous NO that are generated from NOx-activated iNOS in MRC-5 cells. Therefore, the NOx-induced cell proliferation via activation of MEKK1, JNK1, and p38 might contribute to lung tissue damage caused by NOx pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen-Pi Chou
- Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Horstman DJ, Fischer LG, Kouretas PC, Hannan RL, Rich GF. Role of nitric oxide in heparin-induced attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2002; 92:2012-8. [PMID: 11960952 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00664.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin and nitric oxide (NO) attenuate changes to the pulmonary vasculature caused by prolonged hypoxia. Heparin may increase NO; therefore, we hypothesized that heparin may attenuate hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling via a NO-mediated mechanism. In vivo, rats were exposed to normoxia (N) or hypoxia (H; 10% O(2)) with or without heparin (1,200 U x kg-1 x day-1) and/or the NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 20 mg x kg-1 x day-1) for 3 days or 3 wk. Heparin attenuated increases in pulmonary arterial pressure, the percentage of muscular pulmonary vessels, and their medial thickness induced by 3 wk of H. Importantly, although L-NAME alone had no effect, it prevented these effects of heparin on vascular remodeling. In H lungs, heparin increased NOS activity and cGMP levels at 3 days and 3 wk and endothelial NOS protein expression at 3 days but not at 3 wk. In vitro, heparin (10 and 100 U x kg-1 x ml-1) increased cGMP levels after 10 min and 24 h in N and anoxic (0% O2) endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell (SMC) coculture. SMC proliferation, assessed by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation during a 3-h incubation period, was decreased by heparin under N, but not anoxic, conditions. The antiproliferative effects of heparin were not altered by L-NAME. In conclusion, the in vivo results suggest that attenuation of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling by heparin is NO mediated. Heparin increases cGMP in vitro; however, the heparin-induced decrease in SMC proliferation in the coculture model appears to be NO independent.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Heart Ventricles/drug effects
- Heparin/pharmacology
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Hypoxia/pathology
- Lung/blood supply
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide/physiology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Pulmonary Circulation/drug effects
- Pulmonary Circulation/physiology
- Pulmonary Wedge Pressure/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Time
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian J Horstman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22908, USA
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Ivy DD, Yanagisawa M, Gariepy CE, Gebb SA, Colvin KL, McMurtry IF. Exaggerated hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in endothelin B receptor-deficient rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2002; 282:L703-12. [PMID: 11880295 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00272.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms by which endothelin (ET)-1 mediates chronic pulmonary hypertension remain incompletely understood. Although activation of the ET type A (ET(A)) receptor causes vasoconstriction, stimulation of ET type B (ET(B)) receptors can elicit vasodilation or vasoconstriction. We hypothesized that the ET(B) receptor attenuates the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and studied a genetic rat model of ET(B) receptor deficiency (transgenic sl/sl). After 3 wk of severe hypoxia, the transgenic sl/sl pulmonary vasculature lacked expression of mRNA for the ET(B) receptor and developed exaggerated pulmonary hypertension that was characterized by elevated pulmonary arterial pressure, diminished cardiac output, and increased total pulmonary resistance. Plasma ET-1 was fivefold higher in transgenic sl/sl rats than in transgenic controls. Although mRNA for prepro-ET-1 was not different, mRNA for ET-converting enzyme-1 was higher in transgenic sl/sl than in transgenic control lungs. Hypertensive lungs of sl/sl rats also produced less nitric oxide metabolites and 6-ketoprostaglandin F(1alpha), a metabolite of prostacyclin, than transgenic controls. These findings suggest that the ET(B) receptor plays a protective role in the pulmonary hypertensive response to chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dunbar Ivy
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Heart Lung Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1056 E. 19th Ave., Denver, CO 80218, USA.
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Folkerts G, Kloek J, Muijsers RB, Nijkamp FP. Reactive nitrogen and oxygen species in airway inflammation. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 429:251-62. [PMID: 11698045 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01324-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The free radical nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of many biological processes. Interestingly, the molecule appears to be a two-edged sword. Apart from NO having a function as a paracrine messenger, NO-derived oxidants are important weapons against invading pathogens. The role of NO in the airways is similarly ambiguous. Besides the task as a bronchodilator, NO and its derivatives play a role in the pathophysiology of asthma via their putative damaging effects on the airways. This deleterious effect can be increased by a nitrosative response to respiratory tract infections, since both the infectious agent and the host may suffer from the consequent nitrosative stress. Interestingly, respiratory infections can also compromise the beneficial (bronchodilator) effects of NO. This paper gives an overview on NO and its derivatives in the pathophysiology of airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Folkerts
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, PO Box 80.082, 3508TB Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Hamad AM, Knox AJ. Mechanisms mediating the antiproliferative effects of nitric oxide in cultured human airway smooth muscle cells. FEBS Lett 2001; 506:91-6. [PMID: 11591378 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02883-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have characterised the mechanisms involved in the antiproliferative effect of NO in human airway smooth muscle cells (HASMC). S-Nitroso-N-acetyl penicillamine, a nitric oxide donor, inhibited proliferation in both G(1) and S phases of the cell cycle. Additionally, experiments with 8-bromo-cGMP, haemoglobin, a NO scavenger and zaprinast, a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, showed that both effects were NO-mediated. The G(1) phase inhibition was cGMP-dependent whereas the S phase inhibition was due to a cGMP-independent inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase. These results demonstrate that NO inhibits HASMC proliferation by cGMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms acting at distinct points in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Hamad
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Al-Mansourah University Hospital, Egypt
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Lopez F, Ferjoux G, Cordelier P, Saint-Laurent N, Estève JP, Vaysse N, Buscail L, Susini C. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase: a substrate for SHP-1 involved in sst2 somatostatin receptor growth inhibitory signaling. FASEB J 2001; 15:2300-2. [PMID: 11511520 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0867fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor sst2 is an inhibitory G protein-coupled receptor, which inhibits normal and tumor cell growth by a mechanism involving the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. We reported previously that SHP-1 associates transiently with and is activated by sst2 and is a critical component for sst2 growth inhibitory signaling. Here, we demonstrate that in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing sst2, SHP-1 is associated at the basal level with the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Following sst2 activation by the somatostatin analog RC-160, SHP-1 rapidly recruits nNOS tyrosine dephosphorylates and activates it. The resulting NO activates guanylate cyclase and inhibits cell proliferation. Coexpression of a catalytically inactive SHP-1 mutant with sst2 blocks RC-160-induced nNOS dephosphorylation and activation, as well as guanylate cyclase activation. In mouse pancreatic acini, RC-160 treatment reduces nNOS tyrosine phosphorylation accompanied by an increase of its activity. By opposition, in acini from viable motheaten (mev/mev) mice, which express a markedly inactive SHP-1, RC-160 has no effect on nNOS activity. Finally, expression of a dominant-negative form of nNOS prevents both RC-160-induced p27 up-regulation and cell proliferation inhibition. We therefore identified nNOS as a novel SHP-1 substrate critical for sst2-induced cell-growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lopez
- INSERM U 531, IFR 31, CHU Rangueil, 31403 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Samb A, Pretolani M, Dinh-Xuan AT, Ouksel H, Callebert J, Lisdero C, Aubier M, Boczkowski J. Decreased pulmonary and tracheal smooth muscle expression and activity of type 1 nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) after ovalbumin immunization and multiple aerosol challenge in guinea pigs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:149-54. [PMID: 11435253 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.1.2004030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological evidence supports a role of a transient decreased endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced early airway hyperresponsiveness in guinea pigs. However, no data are available regarding the expression and activity of the constitutive NO synthases (cNOS; NOS1 and NOS3, nNOS and eNOS, respectively) in this model. Therefore, we evaluated cNOS activity (conversion of L-[3H]arginine to L-[3H]citrulline in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin), nitrate and nitrite (NOx) concentration (modified Griess method), and NOS1 and NOS3 protein expression (Western blot) in lung homogenates and in the tracheal smooth muscle from OVA-immunized and multiple aerosol-challenged guinea pigs (six challenges, once daily). The expression and activity of the inducible NOS isoform (NOS2), the levels of exhaled NO, and the in vivo airway reactivity were also determined. Constitutive NOS activity and NO(x) concentration were significantly lower 6 h after the last OVA challenge as compared with saline exposure, being similar at 24 h. Expression of NOS1 paralleled cNOS activity, which was reduced 6, but not 24 h after OVA challenge. The decrease in NOS1 expression was accompanied by a significant decrease in the amounts of exhaled NO and by a maximal airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine. The levels of NOS3 were not modified at the two time points evaluated, and no NOS2 expression and activity were found at any time point. Similar modifications were observed in the tracheal smooth muscle. We conclude that OVA stimulation in immunized guinea pigs induced a transient reduction in NOS1 protein expression and activity in the respiratory system, which probably participates in airway hyperresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Samb
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U408 and IFR 02, Faculté X. Bichat, Paris, France
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40
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Hsieh YS, Wang HC, Tseng TH, Chang WC, Wang CJ. Gaseous nitric oxide-induced 8-nitroguanine formation in human lung fibroblast cells and cell-free DNA. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 172:210-6. [PMID: 11312649 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A time- and dose-dependent increase in 8-nitroguanine (8-NO(2)-G) was observed in human lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5) after treatment with gaseous NO-saturated buffer. It was also found that treatment with the inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, significantly reduced the 8-NO(2)-G level in the gaseous NO-saturated buffer-treated MRC-5 cells. These results provide evidence indicating that NO gas causes DNA damage in mammalian cells, which involves the activation of iNOS and the subsequent generation of endogenous NO. On the other hand, a time- and dose-dependent increase in 8-NO(2)-G was also observed while DNA (isolated from MRC-5 cells) was incubated with gaseous NO-saturated buffer. These results suggest that part of the 8-NO(2)-G formation was due to direct modification of gaseous NO on DNA. Furthermore, an increase in nitrite concentration was found in both cell-free and MRC-5 cell-conditioned medium treated with gaseous NO-saturated buffer. Collectively, gaseous NO induced DNA damage by forming 8-NO(2)-G, a modification performed directly by the treated gaseous NO and indirectly by the following induction of endogenous NO. This effect might be an important pathway in genotoxicity of nitric oxides, and 8-NO(2)-G could act as a specific marker for DNA damage induced by gaseous NO, a common contaminatant in air pollution and cigarette smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical and Dental College, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kizawa Y, Ohuchi N, Saito K, Kusama T, Murakami H. Effects of endothelin-1 and nitric oxide on proliferation of cultured guinea pig bronchial smooth muscle cells. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2001; 128:495-501. [PMID: 11301291 DOI: 10.1016/s1532-0456(01)00172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The proliferative effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1), both alone and in combination with epidermal growth factor (EGF), and the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the cell proliferation were investigated in cultured guinea pig bronchial smooth muscle cells. ET-1 (10-100 nM) alone augmented cell proliferation, and was additive to the effect of EGF (0.48 nM) in a concentration-dependent manner. An ET(A) antagonist, BQ-123 (10 microM), reduced the cell-proliferative effect of ET-1, whereas an ET(B) antagonist, BQ-788 (10 microM), did not influence the effect. A NO donor, SIN-1 (10 nM-1 microM), reduced the cell-proliferative effect of ET-1 in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of SIN-1 (1 microM) was partly, but significantly, reversed by a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, ODQ (1 microM). These results suggest that ET-1 acts not only as a co-mitogen with EGF but also as a mitogen alone, and that its action is mediated through activation of ET(A) receptors. Therefore, ET-1 may contribute to airway remodeling, a pathophysiological hallmark of asthma. In addition, NO, which is produced mainly in the airway epithelium and is partly mediated through cGMP-dependent pathway, may reduce the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kizawa
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, Nihon University College of Pharmacy, Funabashi, 274-8555, Chiba, Japan
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