1
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Li J, Liang Y, Zhou S, Chen J, Wu C. UCHL1 contributes to insensitivity to endocrine therapy in triple-negative breast cancer by deubiquitinating and stabilizing KLF5. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:44. [PMID: 38468288 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that regulates ERα expression in triple-negative cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to explore the deubiquitination substrates of UCHL1 related to endocrine therapeutic responses and the mechanisms of UCHL1 dysregulation in TNBC. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was conducted using online open databases. TNBC representative MDA-MB-468 and SUM149 cells were used for in vitro and in-vivo studies. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to explore the interaction between UCHL1 and KLF5 and UCHL1-mediated KIF5 deubiquitination. CCK-8, colony formation and animal studies were performed to assess endocrine therapy responses. The regulatory effect of TET1/3 on UCHL1 promoter methylation and transcription was performed by Bisulfite sequencing PCR and ChIP-qPCR. RESULTS UCHL1 interacts with KLF5 and stabilizes KLF5 by reducing its polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. The UCHL1-KLF5 axis collaboratively upregulates EGFR expression while downregulating ESR1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in TNBC. UCHL1 knockdown slows the proliferation of TNBC cells and sensitizes the tumor cells to Tamoxifen and Fulvestrant. KLF5 overexpression partially reverses these trends. Both TET1 and TET3 can bind to the UCHL1 promoter region, reducing methylation of associated CpG sites and enhancing UCHL1 transcription in TNBC cell lines. Additionally, TET1 and TET3 elevates KLF5 protein level in a UCHL1-dependent manner. CONCLUSION UCHL1 plays a pivotal role in TNBC by deubiquitinating and stabilizing KLF5, contributing to endocrine therapy resistance. TET1 and TET3 promote UCHL1 transcription through promoter demethylation and maintain KLF5 protein level in a UCHL1-dependent manner, implying their potential as therapeutic targets in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
| | - Chihua Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, School of Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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2
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Alavi M, Mejia-Bautista A, Tang M, Bandovic J, Rosenberg AZ, Bialkowska AB. Krüppel-like Factor 5 Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Pancreatitis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5427. [PMID: 38001687 PMCID: PMC10670257 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis results in the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and poses a risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Our previous study demonstrated that Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is necessary for forming acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) in acute pancreatitis. Here, we investigated the role of KLF5 in response to chronic injury in the pancreas. Human tissues originating from chronic pancreatitis patients showed increased levels of epithelial KLF5. An inducible genetic model combining the deletion of Klf5 and the activation of KrasG12D mutant expression in pancreatic acinar cells together with chemically induced chronic pancreatitis was used. The chronic injury resulted in increased levels of KLF5 in both control and KrasG12D mutant mice. Furthermore, it led to numerous ADM and PanIN lesions and extensive fibrosis in the KRAS mutant mice. In contrast, pancreata with Klf5 loss (with or without KrasG12D) failed to develop ADM, PanIN, or significant fibrosis. Furthermore, the deletion of Klf5 reduced the expression level of cytokines and fibrotic components such as Il1b, Il6, Tnf, Tgfb1, Timp1, and Mmp9. Notably, using ChIP-PCR, we showed that KLF5 binds directly to the promoters of Il1b, Il6, and Tgfb1 genes. In summary, the inactivation of Klf5 inhibits ADM and PanIN formation and the development of pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Alavi
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Ana Mejia-Bautista
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Meiyi Tang
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
| | - Jela Bandovic
- Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21217, USA;
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA (M.T.)
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3
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Clevenger MH, Karami AL, Carlson DA, Kahrilas PJ, Gonsalves N, Pandolfino JE, Winter DR, Whelan KA, Tétreault MP. Suprabasal cells retain progenitor cell identity programs in eosinophilic esophagitis-driven basal cell hyperplasia. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e171765. [PMID: 37672481 PMCID: PMC10619442 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal immune-mediated disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and epithelial remodeling, including basal cell hyperplasia (BCH). Although BCH is known to correlate with disease severity and with persistent symptoms in patients in histological remission, the molecular processes driving BCH remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that BCH is predominantly characterized by an expansion of nonproliferative suprabasal cells that are still committed to early differentiation. Furthermore, we discovered that suprabasal and superficial esophageal epithelial cells retain progenitor identity programs in EoE, evidenced by increased quiescent cell identity scoring and the enrichment of signaling pathways regulating stem cell pluripotency. Enrichment and trajectory analyses identified SOX2 and KLF5 as potential drivers of the increased quiescent identity and epithelial remodeling observed in EoE. Notably, these alterations were not observed in gastroesophageal reflux disease. These findings provide additional insights into the differentiation process in EoE and highlight the distinct characteristics of suprabasal and superficial esophageal epithelial cells in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarette H. Clevenger
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adam L. Karami
- Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dustin A. Carlson
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter J. Kahrilas
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nirmala Gonsalves
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John E. Pandolfino
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Department of Cancer & Cellular Biology, Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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4
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Clevenger MH, Karami AL, Carlson DA, Kahrilas PJ, Gonsalves N, Pandolfino JE, Winter DR, Whelan KA, Tétreault MP. Suprabasal cells retaining stem cell identity programs drive basal cell hyperplasia in eosinophilic esophagitis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.20.537495. [PMID: 37131652 PMCID: PMC10153277 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.20.537495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an esophageal immune-mediated disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and epithelial remodeling, including basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) and loss of differentiation. Although BCH correlates with disease severity and with persistent symptoms in patients in histological remission, the molecular processes driving BCH remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that despite the presence of BCH in all EoE patients examined, no increase in basal cell proportion was observed by scRNA-seq. Instead, EoE patients exhibited a reduced pool of KRT15+ COL17A1+ quiescent cells, a modest increase in KI67+ dividing epibasal cells, a substantial increase in KRT13+ IVL+ suprabasal cells, and a loss of differentiated identity in superficial cells. Suprabasal and superficial cell populations demonstrated increased quiescent cell identity scoring in EoE with the enrichment of signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells. However, this was not paired with increased proliferation. Enrichment and trajectory analyses identified SOX2 and KLF5 as potential drivers of the increased quiescent identity and epithelial remodeling observed in EoE. Notably, these findings were not observed in GERD. Thus, our study demonstrates that BCH in EoE results from an expansion of non-proliferative cells that retain stem-like transcriptional programs while remaining committed to early differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarette H. Clevenger
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Adam L. Karami
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dustin A. Carlson
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Peter J. Kahrilas
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Nirmala Gonsalves
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - John E. Pandolfino
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
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5
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Zhang Y, Yao C, Ju Z, Jiao D, Hu D, Qi L, Liu S, Wu X, Zhao C. Krüppel-like factors in tumors: Key regulators and therapeutic avenues. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1080720. [PMID: 36761967 PMCID: PMC9905823 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1080720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a group of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators with multiple essential functions in various cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, inflammation, and angiogenesis. The aberrant expression of KLFs is often found in tumor tissues and is essential for tumor development. At the molecular level, KLFs regulate multiple signaling pathways and mediate crosstalk among them. Some KLFs may also be molecular switches for specific biological signals, driving their transition from tumor suppressors to promoters. At the histological level, the abnormal expression of KLFs is closely associated with tumor cell stemness, proliferation, apoptosis, and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. Notably, the role of each KLF in tumors varies according to tumor type and different stages of tumor development rather than being invariant. In this review, we focus on the advances in the molecular biology of KLFs, particularly the regulations of several classical signaling pathways by these factors, and the critical role of KLFs in tumor development. We also highlight their strong potential as molecular targets in tumor therapy and suggest potential directions for clinical translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongjie Yao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyong Ju
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danli Jiao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Hu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Qi
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shimin Liu
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Xueqing Wu,
| | - Chen Zhao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Chen Zhao, ; Xueqing Wu,
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6
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RNA-sequencing reveals molecular and regional differences in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia patients. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20616. [PMID: 36450816 PMCID: PMC9712691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder characterized by the functional loss of myenteric plexus ganglion cells in the distal esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter. Histological changes have been reported in the esophageal mucosa of achalasia, suggesting its involvement in disease pathogenesis. Despite recent advances in diagnosis, our understanding of achalasia pathogenesis at the molecular level is very limited and gene expression profiling has not been performed. We performed bulk RNA-sequencing on esophageal mucosa from 14 achalasia and 8 healthy subjects. 65 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found in the distal esophageal mucosa of achalasia subjects and 120 DEGs were identified in proximal esophagus. Gene expression analysis identified genes common or exclusive to proximal and distal esophagus, highlighting regional differences in the disease. Enrichment of signaling pathways related to cytokine response and viral defense were observed. Increased infiltration of CD45+ intraepithelial leukocytes were seen in the mucosa of 38 achalasia patients compared to 12 controls. Novel insights into the molecular changes occurring in achalasia were generated in this transcriptomic study. Some gene changes observed in the mucosa of achalasia may be associated with esophagitis. Differences in DEGs between distal and proximal esophagus highlight the importance of better understanding regional differences in achalasia.
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7
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Wiles KN, Tsikretsis LE, Alioto C, de Viveiros PH, Villaflor VM, Tétreault MP. GITR agonistic stimulation enhances the anti-tumor immune response in a mouse model of ESCC. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:908-918. [PMID: 35880612 PMCID: PMC9587681 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is a significant health burden in the United States and worldwide and is the 8 th leading cause of cancer-related death. Over 90% of esophageal cancers are squamous cell cancers (ESCC). Despite the development of new therapies, the overall 5-year survival rate remains lower than 20%. Recent clinical trials of immunotherapy approaches in ESCC have shown that blocking PD-1/PD-L1 interactions can reduce tumor burden and increase survival, but this only occurs in a fraction of patients. This emphasizes the need for additional therapeutic options to improve overall response rates, duration of response, and overall survival. Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR-related protein (GITR) stimulation has emerged as a promising immunotherapy target, as its stimulation appears to promote tumor regression. In this study, we evaluated the consequences of GITR agonistic stimulation with the DTA-1 antibody (anti-GITR agonist) on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) progression. Increased expression of GITR was observed in esophageal tumors from ESCC patients in comparison to normal adjacent tissue and in a mouse model of ESCC. 100% of mice treated with 4-NQO/IgG control antibody developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Less advanced esophageal tumors were seen in mice treated with 4-NQO/anti-GITR agonist compared to 4-NQO/IgG treatment. 4-NQO/anti-GITR agonist-treated mice demonstrated a significant increase in mucosal CTL/Treg ratios as well as decreased gene expression profiles of pathways related to esophageal squamous cell carcinogenesis. Thus, GITR agonism merits further study as a treatment strategy for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Nicole Wiles
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Lia Elyse Tsikretsis
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Cara Alioto
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Pedro Hermida de Viveiros
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
| | - Victoria M Villaflor
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611-3010, USA
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8
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Palioura D, Lazou A, Drosatos K. Krüppel-like factor (KLF)5: An emerging foe of cardiovascular health. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 163:56-66. [PMID: 34653523 PMCID: PMC8816822 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are DNA-binding transcriptional factors, which regulate various pathways that pertain to development, metabolism and other cellular mechanisms. KLF5 was first cloned in 1993 and by 1999, it was reported as the intestinal-enriched KLF. Beyond findings that have associated KLF5 with normal development and cancer, it has been associated with various types of cardiovascular (CV) complications and regulation of metabolic pathways in the liver, heart, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Specifically, increased KLF5 expression has been linked with cardiomyopathy in diabetes, end-stage heart failure, and as well as in vascular atherosclerotic lesions. In this review article, we summarize research findings about transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation of KLF5, as well as the role of KLF5 in the biology of cells and organs that affect cardiovascular health either directly or indirectly. Finally, we propose KLF5 inhibition as an emerging approach for cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Palioura
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA;,School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, Greece
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Yang S, Feng T, Li H. KLF5, a Novel Therapeutic Target in Squamous Cell Carcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1503-1512. [PMID: 34931868 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) are the most common ectodermal cancers, and result in more than 300,000 deaths per year. The Krüppel-like family of transcription factors play a critical role in cancer pathogenesis. The Krüppel-like factor 5 gene (KLF5), which is a member of Krüppel-like family, has been reported to promote cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the roles of KLF5 in different SCCs and the mechanisms by which KLF5 transcriptionally regulates its target gene expression in the pathogenesis and progression of SCCs. Due to its significant functions in cell proliferation and differentiation, KLF5 could be a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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10
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Gao L, Zhao R, Liu J, Zhang W, Sun F, Yin Q, Wang X, Wang M, Feng T, Qin Y, Cai W, Li Q, Dong H, Chen X, Xiong X, Liu H, Hu J, Chen W, Han B. KIF15 Promotes Progression of Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer by Activating EGFR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679173. [PMID: 34804913 PMCID: PMC8599584 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) continues to be a major clinical problem and its underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is an important event that regulates mitogenic signaling. EGFR signaling plays an important role in the transition from androgen dependence to castration-resistant state in prostate cancer (PCa). Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) has been suggested to be overexpressed in multiple malignancies. Here, we demonstrate that KIF15 expression is elevated in CRPC. We show that KIF15 contributes to CRPC progression by enhancing the EGFR signaling pathway, which includes complex network intermediates such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. In CRPC tumors, increased expression of KIF15 is positively correlated with EGFR protein level. KIF15 binds to EGFR, and prevents EGFR proteins from degradation in a Cdc42-dependent manner. These findings highlight the key role of KIF15 in the development of CRPC and rationalize KIF15 as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ru Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianshuo Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenjie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qianni Li
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hanchen Dong
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hui Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiwen Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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11
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Wiles KN, Alioto CM, Hodge NB, Clevenger MH, Tsikretsis LE, Lin FT, Tétreault MP. IκB Kinase-β Regulates Neutrophil Recruitment Through Activation of STAT3 Signaling in the Esophagus. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1743-1759. [PMID: 34311141 PMCID: PMC8551782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The epithelial barrier is the host's first line of defense against damage to the underlying tissue. Upon injury, the epithelium plays a critical role in inflammation. The IκB kinase β (IKKβ)/nuclear factor-κB pathway was shown to be active in the esophageal epithelium of patients with esophageal disease. However, the complex mechanisms by which IKKβ signaling regulates esophageal disease pathogenesis remain unknown. Our prior work has shown that expression of a constitutively active form of IKKβ specifically in esophageal epithelia of mice (IkkβcaEsophageal Epithelial Cell-Knockin (EEC-KI)) is sufficient to cause esophagitis. METHODS We generated ED-L2/Cre;Rosa26-Ikkβca+/L;Stat3L/L (IkkβcaEEC-KI;Stat3Esophageal Epithelial Cell Knockout (EEC-KO)) mice, in which the ED-L2 promoter activates Cre recombinase in the esophageal epithelium, leading to constitutive activation of IKKβ and loss of Stat3. Esophageal epithelial tissues were collected and analyzed by immunostaining, RNA sequencing, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, flow cytometry, and Western blot. IkkβcaEEC-KI mice were treated with neutralizing antibodies against interleukin (IL)23p19 and IL12p40. RESULTS Here, we report that IkkβcaEEC-KI mice have increased activation of epithelial Janus kinase 2/STAT3 signaling. Stat3 deletion in IkkβcaEEC-KI mice attenuated the neutrophil infiltration observed in IkkβcaEEC-KI mice and resulted in decreased expression of genes related to immune cell recruitment and activity. Blocking experiments in IkkβcaEEC-KI mice showed that STAT3 activation and subsequent neutrophil recruitment are dependent on IL23 secretion. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes a novel interplay between IKKβ and STAT3 signaling in epithelial cells of the esophagus, where IKKβ/IL23/STAT3 signaling controls neutrophil recruitment during the onset of inflammation. GEO accession number: GSE154129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Nicole Wiles
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cara Maria Alioto
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Marie-Pier Tétreault, PhD, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 15-753 Tarry Building, 300 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60611-3010. fax: (312) 908-9032.
| | - Nathan Bruce Hodge
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Margarette Helen Clevenger
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lia Elyse Tsikretsis
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frederick T.J. Lin
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Ma D, Pan Z, Chang Q, Zhang JJ, Liu X, Hua N, Li GH. KLF5-mediated Eppk1 expression promotes cell proliferation in cervical cancer via the p38 signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 33827480 PMCID: PMC8028205 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epiplakin1 (Eppk1) is part of epidermal growth factor (EGF) signal and takes part in reorganization of cytoskeleton and cell proliferation. However, the role of Eppk1 in cervical cancer (CC) remains unknown. METHODS To express Eppk1 and KLF5 and their correlation, we used RNA-sequence, RT-qPCR, TCGA database and immunofluorescence staining in vitro and in different pathological cervical tissues. In CC cell lines, we tested adenovirus-mediated over expression or knockdown of KLF5 and siRNA-mediated knockdown of Eppk1 and a suiting assessment of cell proliferation and cell signaling by western blot and CCK8 tests. We studied the mechanism by which KLF5 regulates Eppk1 expression by reporter gene test and chromatin immunoprecipitation test. RESULTS Eppk1 expression promoted in CC tissues and cell lines compared with increased KLF5 expression. The results of immunofluorescence staining further showed the increased co-expression of Eppk1 and KLF5 correlated substantially with tumorigenesis in cervical tissues. Overexpression of KLF5 significantly increased Eppk1 expression at transcription and translation levels. Conversely, the knockdown of KLF5 by siRNA against KLF5 decreased Eppk1 expression. Mechanically, KLF5 activated Eppk1 transcription by direct binding to the Eppk1 promoter. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments reported that KLF5 promoted cell proliferation in Hela partly dependent on Eppk1 upregulation. Besides, KLF5-mediated activation of p38 signaling significantly decreased after Eppk1 knockdown compared with decline of proliferation, suggesting that Eppk1 lies upstream of p38 signaling affecting cell proliferation. Finally, Eppk1 expression is positively correlated with tumor size in clinicopathological features of CC. CONCLUSIONS Eppk1 may be an effective therapeutic target for affecting p38 signaling pathway and cell proliferation in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ma
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New City, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Zhe Pan
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New City, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Quan Chang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New City, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Jin-Jin Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, 21 Bohai Avenue, Caofeidian New City, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Infection Control, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No.12 Jian Kang Rd., Shi Jiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - Na Hua
- Tangshan Customs, People's Republic of China, Tangshan, 063200, China
| | - Guo-Hua Li
- Department of Oncology, the Second Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, 063000, China
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13
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Zhang Y, Bailey D, Yang P, Kim E, Que J. The development and stem cells of the esophagus. Development 2021; 148:148/6/dev193839. [PMID: 33782045 PMCID: PMC8034879 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The esophagus is derived from the anterior portion of the foregut endoderm, which also gives rise to the respiratory system. As it develops, the esophageal lining is transformed from a simple columnar epithelium into a stratified squamous cell layer, accompanied by the replacement of unspecified mesenchyme with layers of muscle cells. Studies in animal models have provided significant insights into the roles of various signaling pathways in esophageal development. More recent studies using human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) further demonstrate that some of these signaling pathways are conserved in human esophageal development. In addition, a combination of mouse genetics and hPSC differentiation approaches have uncovered new players that control esophageal morphogenesis. In this Review, we summarize these new findings and discuss how the esophagus is established and matures throughout different stages, including its initial specification, respiratory-esophageal separation, epithelial morphogenesis and maintenance. We also discuss esophageal muscular development and enteric nervous system innervation, which are essential for esophageal structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Dominique Bailey
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Patrick Yang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eugene Kim
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Columbia Center for Human Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA,Authors for correspondence (; )
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14
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Kyriazis ID, Hoffman M, Gaignebet L, Lucchese AM, Markopoulou E, Palioura D, Wang C, Bannister TD, Christofidou-Solomidou M, Oka SI, Sadoshima J, Koch WJ, Goldberg IJ, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB, Kararigas G, Drosatos K. KLF5 Is Induced by FOXO1 and Causes Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2021; 128:335-357. [PMID: 33539225 PMCID: PMC7870005 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) is a major complication in type-1 diabetes, accompanied by altered cardiac energetics, impaired mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Previous studies indicate that type-1 diabetes is associated with increased cardiac expression of KLF5 (Krüppel-like factor-5) and PPARα (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) that regulate cardiac lipid metabolism. OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated the involvement of KLF5 in DbCM and its transcriptional regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS KLF5 mRNA levels were assessed in isolated cardiomyocytes from cardiovascular patients with diabetes and were higher compared with nondiabetic individuals. Analyses in human cells and diabetic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific FOXO1 (Forkhead box protein O1) deletion showed that FOXO1 bound directly on the KLF5 promoter and increased KLF5 expression. Diabetic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific FOXO1 deletion had lower cardiac KLF5 expression and were protected from DbCM. Genetic, pharmacological gain and loss of KLF5 function approaches and AAV (adeno-associated virus)-mediated Klf5 delivery in mice showed that KLF5 induces DbCM. Accordingly, the protective effect of cardiomyocyte FOXO1 ablation in DbCM was abolished when KLF5 expression was rescued. Similarly, constitutive cardiomyocyte-specific KLF5 overexpression caused cardiac dysfunction. KLF5 caused oxidative stress via direct binding on NADPH oxidase (NOX)4 promoter and induction of NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4) expression. This was accompanied by accumulation of cardiac ceramides. Pharmacological or genetic KLF5 inhibition alleviated superoxide formation, prevented ceramide accumulation, and improved cardiac function in diabetic mice. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes-mediated activation of cardiomyocyte FOXO1 increases KLF5 expression, which stimulates NOX4 expression, ceramide accumulation, and causes DbCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis D. Kyriazis
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Matthew Hoffman
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Lea Gaignebet
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
| | - Anna Maria Lucchese
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Eftychia Markopoulou
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Dimitra Palioura
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458m USA
| | | | - Melpo Christofidou-Solomidou
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shin-ichi Oka
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07101, USA
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | | | - Georgios Kararigas
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10115, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin 10785, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Center for Translational Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19131, USA
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15
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Hoffman M, Palioura D, Kyriazis ID, Cimini M, Badolia R, Rajan S, Gao E, Nikolaidis N, Schulze PC, Goldberg IJ, Kishore R, Yang VW, Bannister TD, Bialkowska AB, Selzman CH, Drakos SG, Drosatos K. Cardiomyocyte Krüppel-Like Factor 5 Promotes De Novo Ceramide Biosynthesis and Contributes to Eccentric Remodeling in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2021; 143:1139-1156. [PMID: 33430631 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.047420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that cardiomyocyte Krϋppel-like factor (KLF) 5 regulates cardiac fatty acid oxidation. As heart failure has been associated with altered fatty acid oxidation, we investigated the role of cardiomyocyte KLF5 in lipid metabolism and pathophysiology of ischemic heart failure. METHODS Using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, we investigated the KLF5 expression changes in a myocardial infarction (MI) mouse model and heart tissue from patients with ischemic heart failure. Using 2D echocardiography, we evaluated the effect of KLF5 inhibition after MI using pharmacological KLF5 inhibitor ML264 and mice with cardiomyocyte-specific KLF5 deletion (αMHC [α-myosin heavy chain]-KLF5-/-). We identified the involvement of KLF5 in regulating lipid metabolism and ceramide accumulation after MI using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of ceramide metabolism-related genes. We lastly evaluated the effect of cardiomyocyte-specific KLF5 overexpression (αMHC-rtTA [reverse tetracycline-controlled transactivator]-KLF5) on cardiac function and ceramide metabolism, and rescued the phenotype using myriocin to inhibit ceramide biosynthesis. RESULTS KLF5 mRNA and protein levels were higher in human ischemic heart failure samples and in rodent models at 24 hours, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks post-permanent left coronary artery ligation. αMHC-KLF5-/- mice and mice treated with ML264 had higher ejection fraction and lower ventricular volume and heart weight after MI. Lipidomic analysis showed that αMHC-KLF5-/- mice with MI had lower myocardial ceramide levels compared with littermate control mice with MI, although basal ceramide content of αMHC-KLF5-/- mice was not different in control mice. KLF5 ablation suppressed the expression of SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 (serine palmitoyltransferase [SPT] long-chain base subunit ()1 2, respectively), which regulate de novo ceramide biosynthesis. We confirmed our previous findings that myocardial SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 levels are increased in heart failure patients. Consistently, αMHC-rtTA-KLF5 mice showed increased SPTLC1 and SPTLC2 expression, higher myocardial ceramide levels, and systolic dysfunction beginning 2 weeks after KLF5 induction. Treatment of αMHC-rtTA-KLF5 mice with myriocin that inhibits SPT, suppressed myocardial ceramide levels and alleviated systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS KLF5 is induced during the development of ischemic heart failure in humans and mice and stimulates ceramide biosynthesis. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of KLF5 in mice with MI prevents ceramide accumulation, alleviates eccentric remodeling, and increases ejection fraction. Thus, KLF5 emerges as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischemic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hoffman
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.H., D.P., I.D.K., C.M., S.R., E.G., R.K., K.D.)
| | - Dimitra Palioura
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.H., D.P., I.D.K., C.M., S.R., E.G., R.K., K.D.)
| | - Ioannis D Kyriazis
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.H., D.P., I.D.K., C.M., S.R., E.G., R.K., K.D.)
| | - Maria Cimini
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.H., D.P., I.D.K., C.M., S.R., E.G., R.K., K.D.)
| | - Rachit Badolia
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.G.D., R.B.), Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Sudarsan Rajan
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.H., D.P., I.D.K., C.M., S.R., E.G., R.K., K.D.)
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.H., D.P., I.D.K., C.M., S.R., E.G., R.K., K.D.)
| | - Nikolas Nikolaidis
- Department of Biological Science, Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, and Center for Computational and Applied Mathematics, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton (N.N.)
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Angiology, Intensive Medical Care, and Pneumology, University Hospital Jena, Germany (P.C.S.)
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine (I.J.G.)
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.H., D.P., I.D.K., C.M., S.R., E.G., R.K., K.D.)
| | - Vincent W Yang
- School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, NY (V.W.Y., A.B.)
| | | | | | - Craig H Selzman
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.H.S.), Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Stavros G Drakos
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.G.D., R.B.), Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Konstantinos Drosatos
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (M.H., D.P., I.D.K., C.M., S.R., E.G., R.K., K.D.)
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16
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Roberts MS, Anstine LJ, Finke VS, Bryson BL, Webb BM, Weber-Bonk KL, Seachrist DD, Majmudar PR, Keri RA. KLF4 defines the efficacy of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor, erlotinib, in triple-negative breast cancer cells by repressing the EGFR gene. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:66. [PMID: 32552913 PMCID: PMC7301986 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by high rates of recurrence and poor overall survival. This is due, in part, to a deficiency of targeted therapies, making it essential to identify therapeutically targetable driver pathways of this disease. While epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in 60% of TNBCs and drives disease progression, attempts to inhibit EGFR in unselected TNBC patients have had a marginal impact on outcomes. Hence, we sought to identify the mechanisms that dictate EGFR expression and inhibitor response to provide a path for improving the utility of these drugs. In this regard, the majority of TNBCs express low levels of the transcription factor, Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), while a small subset is associated with high expression. KLF4 and EGFR have also been reported to have opposing actions in TNBC. Thus, we tested whether KLF4 controls the expression of EGFR and cellular response to its pharmacological inhibition. Methods KLF4 was transiently overexpressed in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells or silenced in MCF10A cells. Migration and invasion were assessed using modified Boyden chamber assays, and proliferation was measured by EdU incorporation. Candidate downstream targets of KLF4, including EGFR, were identified using reverse phase protein arrays of MDA-MB-231 cells following enforced KLF4 expression. The ability of KLF4 to suppress EGFR gene and protein expression and downstream signaling was assessed by RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. ChIP-PCR confirmed KLF4 binding to the EGFR promoter. Response to erlotinib in the context of KLF4 overexpression or silencing was assessed using cell number and dose-response curves. Results We report that KLF4 is a major determinant of EGFR expression and activity in TNBC cells. KLF4 represses transcription of the EGFR gene, leading to reduced levels of total EGFR, its activated/phosphorylated form (pEGFR), and its downstream signaling intermediates. Moreover, KLF4 suppression of EGFR is a necessary intermediary step for KLF4 to inhibit aggressive TNBC phenotypes. Most importantly, KLF4 dictates the sensitivity of TNBC cells to erlotinib, an FDA-approved inhibitor of EGFR. Conclusions KLF4 is a major regulator of the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in TNBC cells that may underlie the variable effectiveness of such drugs in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa S Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Lindsey J Anstine
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Viviane S Finke
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Benjamin L Bryson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Bryan M Webb
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Kristen L Weber-Bonk
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Darcie D Seachrist
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Parth R Majmudar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ruth A Keri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Division of General Medical Sciences-Oncology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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17
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Xia Y, Fang Y, Zhang H, Shen C, Wang P, Yan W, Li J, Xu Y, Shao S, Zhang Y, Yu X, Peng Z, Peng G, Chen W, Fang D. Role of Kruppel-Like Factor 5 in Deoxycholic Acid-Mediated Intestinal Transdifferentiation of Esophageal Squamous Epithelium. J Cancer 2019; 10:5597-5607. [PMID: 31632504 PMCID: PMC6775683 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is an acquired condition in which normal squamous epithelium is replaced with metaplastic columnar epithelium as a consequence of gastroesophageal reflux disease. BE is known as a precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Currently, the molecular mechanism underlying epithelial metaplasia in BE patients remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the role of Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) signaling in the initiation of BE-associated metaplasia. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to create a surgical model of bile reflux injury. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze human and mouse esophageal specimens. Human esophageal squamous epithelial (HET-1A) cells were treated with bile acid and used in transfection experiments. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of KLF5, CDX2, MUC2 and villin. Epithelial tissue from both the rat BE model and human BE patients strongly expressed KLF5, CDX2, MUC2, and villin. Bile acid treatment also increased the expression of KLF5, CDX2, MUC2 and villin in esophageal epithelial cells in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF5 blocked the expression of CDX2, MUC2 and villin, but transfection of a KLF5 expression vector into esophageal epithelial cells promoted their transdifferentiation into columnar-like cells, as demonstrated by increased expression of the intestinal markers CDX2, MUC2 and villin. Thus, in addition to its function as a transcription factor, KLF5 may be linked to an increased risk of BE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Caifei Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Shunzi Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhihong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Guiyong Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
| | - Dianchun Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, P.R. China
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18
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Kim J, Wang C, de Sabando AR, Cole HL, Huang TJ, Yang J, Bannister TD, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB. The Novel Small-Molecule SR18662 Efficiently Inhibits the Growth of Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1973-1984. [PMID: 31358661 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a member of the SP/KLF family of zinc finger transcription factors, is overexpressed in human colorectal cancer specimens, and this overabundance is associated with aggressive cancer development and progression. We demonstrated that mice haploinsufficient for Klf5 had reduced intestinal tumor burden in the background of germline mutation in Apc, a gatekeeper of intestinal tumorigenesis. Based on a high-throughput screening strategy, we developed ML264, a small-molecule compound that inhibits KLF5, and showed that it inhibits growth of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo Through optimization efforts based on the structure of ML264, we have now identified a new lead compound, SR18662. We find that treatment with SR18662 significantly reduces growth and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells as compared with treatment with vehicle control, ML264, or SR15006 (a less optimized analogue from SAR efforts leading to SR18662). SR18662 showed improved efficacy in reducing the viability of multiple colorectal cancer cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis following SR18662 treatment showed an increase in cells captured in either S or G2-M phases of the cell cycle and a significant increase in the number of apoptotic cells, the latter a unique property compared with ML264 or SR15006. SR18662 treatment also reduces the expression of cyclins and components of the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways. Importantly, we observed a significant dose-dependent inhibition of xenograft growth in mice following SR18662 treatment that exceeded the effect of ML264 at equivalent doses. These findings support further development of SR18662 and its analogues for colorectal cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Chao Wang
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Ainara Ruiz de Sabando
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Hannah L Cole
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Timothy J Huang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Family, Population and Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York. .,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
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19
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Zhang XX, Lian T, Ran JS, Li ZQ, Han SS, Liu YP. KLF5 functions in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of chicken satellite cells. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:222. [PMID: 31114746 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
KLF5 is an important regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in mammals. Little is known about the function of KLF5 in the regulation of chicken. Hence, qPCR was used to detect the expression of KLF5 in different tissues of chicken. And chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) were transfected KLF5-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to assay SMSCs' proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The results showed that KLF5 expressed higher in skeletal muscle than in the other tissues of chicken. Knockdown of KLF5 significantly inhibited the differentiation and increased apoptosis of chicken SMSCs, but it had no significant effect on proliferation of SMSCs. These results indicate that KLF5 plays an essential role during myogenesis, which will affect muscle repair and muscle regeneration, and may ameliorate muscle aging or sarcopenia.
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20
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Shaverdashvili K, Padlo J, Weinblatt D, Jia Y, Jiang W, Rao D, Laczkó D, Whelan KA, Lynch JP, Muir AB, Katz JP. KLF4 activates NFκB signaling and esophageal epithelial inflammation via the Rho-related GTP-binding protein RHOF. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215746. [PMID: 30998758 PMCID: PMC6472825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the regulatory mechanisms within esophageal epithelia is essential to gain insight into the pathogenesis of esophageal diseases, which are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The zinc-finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor (KLF4) is implicated in a large number of cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation in esophageal epithelia. In murine esophageal epithelia, Klf4 overexpression causes chronic inflammation which is mediated by activation of NFκB signaling downstream of KLF4, and this esophageal inflammation produces epithelial hyperplasia and subsequent esophageal squamous cell cancer. Yet, while NFκB activation clearly promotes esophageal inflammation, the mechanisms by which NFκB signaling is activated in esophageal diseases are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the Rho-related GTP-binding protein RHOF is activated by KLF4 in esophageal keratinocytes, leading to the induction of NFκB signaling. Moreover, RHOF is required for NFκB activation by KLF4 in esophageal keratinocytes and is also important for esophageal keratinocyte proliferation and migration. Finally, we find that RHOF is upregulated in eosinophilic esophagitis, an important esophageal inflammatory disease in humans. Thus, RHOF activation of NFκB in esophageal keratinocytes provides a potentially important and clinically-relevant mechanism for esophageal inflammation and inflammation-mediated esophageal squamous cell cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khvaramze Shaverdashvili
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Jennie Padlo
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Daniel Weinblatt
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Yang Jia
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Wenpeng Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Divya Rao
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Dorottya Laczkó
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Whelan
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - John P. Lynch
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Amanda B. Muir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Pang J, Li Z, Wang G, Li N, Gao Y, Wang S. miR-214-5p targets KLF5 and suppresses proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1850-1859. [PMID: 30206974 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous conserved RNAs regulating genes expression through base pairing with the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target messenger RNAs. MiR-214-5p is a newly identified miRNA with its biological role largely unknown. In this study, we explored miR-214-5p expression status in 78 paired tumor and nontumor tissues obtained from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by RT-qPCR. The effects of miR-214-5p expression on HCC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and cell migration were measured by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, and wound-healing assay. A dual-luciferase activity assay was performed to identify whether KLF5 was a target of miR-214-5p. Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to investigate the effects of miR-214-5p and KLF5 on overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with HCC. We found miR-214-5p expression was sharply reduced in HCC tissues and cell lines compared with the normal tissues and cell lines. Functional assay revealed that miR-214-5p overexpression could downregulate cell proliferation, cell migration, and arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase. Further, we validated Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) as a direct target of miR-214-5p, and was upregulated in HCC and inversely correlated with the expression of miR-214-5p. Moreover, we found the low expression of miR-214-5p and high expression of KLF5 were correlated with tumor size, tumor stage, and poorer 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with HCC. In conclusion, our results suggested miR-214-5p functions as a tumor suppressor through targeting KLF5 in HCC. Also, miR-214-5p and KLF5 were identified as potential prognostic markers and might be therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Pang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (West Coast District), Qingdao, China
| | - Zheng Li
- The No. 2 Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- The No. 2 Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningbo Li
- The No. 2 Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Gao
- The No. 2 Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- The No. 2 Department of General Surgery, Qingdao West Coast New Area Central Hospital, Qingdao, China
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22
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Ma Y, Wang Q, Liu F, Ma X, Wu L, Guo F, Zhao S, Huang F, Qin G. KLF5 promotes the tumorigenesis and metastatic potential of thyroid cancer cells through the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:2608-2618. [PMID: 30226614 PMCID: PMC6151893 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify the potential function of Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) in thyroid cancer and investigate the underlying mechanisms. The protein levels of KLF5 in 98 thyroid cancer tissues were analyzed using an immunohistochemistry assay. SW579 cells transfected with small interfering RNA against KLF5 and B-CPAP cells transfected with KLF5 expressing vectors were used for functional studies. Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to investigate the mechanisms of KLF5. In vivo tumorigenicity was assessed using a subcutaneous xenograft experiment. The results revealed that KLF5 was highly expressed in thyroid cancer tissues and associated with lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of KLF5 in SW579 cells suppressed proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, migration and invasion in vitro, while the overexpression of KLF5 resulted in opposite effects in B-CPAP cells. Mechanistically, it was demonstrated that KLF5 promoted the cytoplasm-nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB. Additionally, it was revealed that insufficient F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 expression may be responsible for the dysfunction of KLF5 in thyroid cancer. These results revealed that KLF5 promotes the tumorigenesis and metastasis of thyroid cancer cells and may be a potential therapeutic target in patients with thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qingzhu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Lina Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shuiying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Fengjuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Guijun Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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23
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KLF5 promotes cervical cancer proliferation, migration and invasion in a manner partly dependent on TNFRSF11a expression. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15683. [PMID: 29146991 PMCID: PMC5691198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15979-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays important roles in both inflammation and cancer, the mechanism by which this factor promotes cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated a potential role for tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11a (TNFRSF11a), the corresponding gene of which is a direct binding target of KLF5, in tumour cell proliferation and invasiveness. Coexpression of KLF5 and TNFRSF11a correlated significantly with tumorigenesis in cervical tissues (P < 0.05) and manipulation of KLF5 expression positively affected TNFRSF11a mRNA and protein expression. Functionally, KLF5 promoted cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness in a manner dependent partly on TNFRSF11a expression. Moreover, in vivo functional TNFRSF11a-knockdown mouse studies revealed suppression of tumorigenicity and liver metastatic potential. Notably, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α induced KLF5 expression by activating the p38 signalling pathway and high KLF5 and TNFRSF11a expression increased the risk of death in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Our results demonstrate that KLF5 and TNFRSF11a promote cervical cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasiveness.
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24
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Kim CK, He P, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW. SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Digestive Physiology and Diseases. Gastroenterology 2017; 152:1845-1875. [PMID: 28366734 PMCID: PMC5815166 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors that contain conserved zinc finger domains involved in binding to target DNA sequences. Many of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and have distinct tissue-specific activities and functions. Studies have shown that SPs and KLFs regulate not only physiological processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and embryogenesis, but pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Consistently, these proteins have been shown to regulate normal functions and pathobiology in the digestive system. We review recent findings on the tissue- and organ-specific functions of SPs and KLFs in the digestive system including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. We provide a list of agents under development to target these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Ping He
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
| | - Vincent W. Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY,Corresponding Authors: Vincent W. Yang & Agnieszka B. Bialkowska, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, HSC T-16, Rm. 020; Stony Brook, NY, USA. Tel: (631) 444-2066; Fax: (631) 444-3144; ;
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25
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Yang QS, Jiang LP, He CY, Tong YN, Liu YY. Up-Regulation of MicroRNA-133a Inhibits the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway to Promote Cell Apoptosis and Enhance Radio-Sensitivity by Targeting EGFR in Esophageal Cancer In Vivo and In Vitro. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2625-2634. [PMID: 27933650 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Peng Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yan He
- Department of Prosthodontics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Na Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Liu
- Department of Internal Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, P.R. China
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26
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Mihara N, Chiba T, Yamaguchi K, Sudo H, Yagishita H, Imai K. Minimal essential region for krüppel-like factor 5 expression and the regulation by specificity protein 3-GC box binding. Gene 2017; 601:36-43. [PMID: 27940107 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) transcriptionally controls the proliferation-differentiation balance of epithelium and is overexpressed in carcinomas. Although genomic region modifying KLF5 expression is widespread in different types of cells, the region that commonly regulates basal expression of the genes across cell-types is uncertain. In this study we determined the minimal essential region for the expression and its regulatory transcription factors using oral carcinoma cells. A reporter assay defined a 186bp region downstream of the transcription start site and a cluster of six GC boxes (GC1-GC6) as the minimal essential region. Mutation in the GC1 or GC6 regions but not other GC boxes significantly decreased the reporter expression. The decrease by the GC1 mutation was reproduced in the 2kbp full-length promoter, but not by the GC6 mutation. Additionally, specificity proteins (Sp) that can be expressed in epithelial cells and bind GC box, Sp3 co-localized with KLF5 in oral epithelium and carcinomas and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses showed Sp3 as the prime GC1-binding protein. Inhibition of Sp-GC box binding by mithramycin A and knockdown of Sp3 by the short interfering RNA decreased expression of the reporter gene and endogenous KLF5. These data demonstrate that a 186bp region is the minimal essential region and that Sp3-GC1 binding is essential to the basal expression of KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Mihara
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tadashige Chiba
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kosuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Haruka Sudo
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hisao Yagishita
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology and Oral Pathology Diagnostic Services, The Nippon Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazushi Imai
- Department of Biochemistry, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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27
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Tezval H, Dubrowinskaja N, Peters I, Reese C, Serth K, Atschekzei F, Hennenlotter J, Stenzl A, Kuczyk MA, Serth J. Tumor Specific Epigenetic Silencing of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone -Binding Protein in Renal Cell Carcinoma: Association of Hypermethylation and Metastasis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163873. [PMID: 27695045 PMCID: PMC5047469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)-system in human malignancies is a question of growing interest. Here we investigated hypermethylation and epigenetic silencing of the CRH-Binding Protein (CRHBP) gene in clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC). Relative methylation of the CRHBP CpG island (CGI) was determined in 17 tumor cell lines as well as 86 ccRCC samples and 66 paired normal tissues using pyrosequencing and quantitative methylation specific PCR of bisulfite converted DNA. Results were statistically compared with relative mRNA expression levels of CRHBP and clinicopathological parameters of patients. Re-expression of CRHBP following 5-aza-2´-deoxycytidine treatment was investigated by quantitative mRNA expression analysis. Real-time impedance analysis was applied for analysis of invasiveness of renal tumor cells following si-RNA knockdown of CRHBP expression or ectopic expression of CRHBP. We found the CRHBP CGI to be frequently methylated in tumor cell lines of renal, prostatic, and bladder cancer. Comparison of methylation in normal and paired renal cancer tissue specimens revealed hypermethylation of the CRHBP CGI in tumors (p<1*10−12). DNA methylation and decreased mRNA expression were correlated (R = 0.83, p<1*10−12). Tumor cell lines showed 5-aza-2´-deoxycytidine dependent reduction of methylation and re-expression of CRHBP was associated with altered cellular invasiveness of renal cancer cells in real-time impedance invasion assays. Hypermethylation and inverse relationship with mRNA expression were validated in silico using the TCGA network data. We describe for the first time tumor specific epigenetic silencing of CRHBP and statistical association with aggressive tumors thus suggesting the CRH system to contribute to the development of kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Tezval
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia Dubrowinskaja
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inga Peters
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christel Reese
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katrin Serth
- Department of Molecular Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Faranaz Atschekzei
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Hennenlotter
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus A. Kuczyk
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Serth
- Department of Urology and Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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28
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Potential involvement of miR-375 in the premalignant progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma mediated via transcription factor KLF5. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40172-85. [PMID: 26474386 PMCID: PMC4741887 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the genetic effect involved in the premalignant progression of chronic inflammation to cancer, we performed microRNA and mRNA profiling in oral lichen planus (OLP), oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and normal tissue from the same patients. We demonstrate the involvement of a suppressive microRNA, miR-375, in the regulation of this premalignant progression via KLF5, a transcription factor that modulates the expression of genes contributing to proliferation and apoptosis. We found that miR-375 abundance decreased in tissues with progression from the normal state to OLP and subsequently to OSCC. Restoration of miR-375 by transduction of a synthetic mimic into OSCC cells repressed cellular proliferation and promoted apoptosis, with concomitant down-regulation of KLF5, and vice versa. The direct binding of miR-375 to the 3′-untranslated region of KLF5 was further confirmed. Additionally, Survivin (BIRC5), a target of KLF5, was also regulated by miR-375, explaining the susceptibility of miR-375-mimic transfected cells to apoptosis. Further analysis of clinical specimens suggested that expression of KLF5 and BIRC5 is up-regulated during the progression from inflammation to cancer. Our findings provide novel insights into the involvement of microRNAs in progression of inflammation to carcinoma and suggest a potential early-stage biomarker or therapy target for oral carcinoma.
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29
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Tétreault MP, Weinblatt D, Ciolino JD, Klein-Szanto AJ, Sackey BK, Victor CTS, Karakasheva T, Teal V, Katz JP. Esophageal Expression of Active IκB Kinase-β in Mice Up-Regulates Tumor Necrosis Factor and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Promoting Inflammation and Angiogenesis. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:1609-1619.e11. [PMID: 26896735 PMCID: PMC4909513 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS IκB kinase-β (IKKβ) mediates activation of the nuclear factor-κB, which regulates immune and inflammatory responses. Although nuclear factor-κB is activated in cells from patients with inflammatory diseases or cancer, little is known about its roles in the development and progression of esophageal diseases. We investigated whether mice that express an activated form of IKKβ in the esophageal epithelia develop esophageal disorders. METHODS We generated ED-L2-Cre/Rosa26-IKK2caSFL mice, in which the ED-L2 promoter activates expression of Cre in the esophageal epithelia, leading to expression of a constitutively active form of IKKβ (IKKβca) in epithelial cells but not in inflammatory cells or the surrounding stroma (IKKβca mice). Mice lacking the Cre transgene served as controls. Some mice were given intraperitoneal injections of neutralizing antibodies against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF), or immunoglobulin G1 (control), starting at 1 month of age. Epithelial tissues were collected and analyzed by immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Transgenes were overexpressed from retroviral vectors in primary human keratinocytes. RESULTS IKKβca mice developed esophagitis and had increased numbers of blood vessels in the esophageal stroma, compared with controls. Esophageal tissues from IKKβca mice had increased levels of GM-CSF. Expression of IKKβca in primary human esophageal keratinocytes led to 11-fold overexpression of GM-CSF and 200-fold overexpression of TNF. Incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells with conditioned media from these keratinocytes increased endothelial cell migration by 42% and promoted formation of capillary tubes; these effects were blocked by a neutralizing antibody against GM-CSF. Injections of anti-GM-CSF reduced angiogenesis and numbers of CD31+ blood vessels in esophageal tissues of IKKβca mice, but did not alter the esophageal vasculature of control mice and did not alter recruitment of intraepithelial leukocytes to esophageal tissues of IKKβca mice. Injections of anti-TNF prevented the development of esophagitis in IKKβca mice. CONCLUSIONS Constitutive activation of IKKβ in the esophageal epithelia of mice leads to inflammation and angiogenesis, mediated by TNF and GM-CSF, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Tétreault
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Daniel Weinblatt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jody Dyan Ciolino
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Bridget K. Sackey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christina Twyman-Saint Victor
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tatiana Karakasheva
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Valerie Teal
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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KLF4 transcriptionally activates non-canonical WNT5A to control epithelial stratification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26130. [PMID: 27184424 PMCID: PMC4869036 DOI: 10.1038/srep26130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial differentiation and stratification are essential for normal homeostasis, and disruption of these processes leads to both injury and cancer. The zinc-finger transciption factor KLF4 is a key driver of epithelial differentiation, yet the mechanisms and targets by which KLF4 controls differentiation are not well understood. Here, we define WNT5A, a non-canonical Wnt ligand implicated in epithelial differentiation, repair, and cancer, as a direct transcriptional target that is activated by KLF4 in squamous epithelial cells. Further, we demonstrate functionally that WNT5A mediates KLF4 control of epithelial differentiation and stratification, as treatment of keratinocytes with WNT5A rescues defective epithelial stratification resulting from KLF4 loss. Finally, we show that the small GTPase CDC42 is regulated by KLF4 in a WNT5A dependent manner. As such, we delineate a novel pathway for epithelial differentiation and stratification and define potential therapeutic targets for epithelial diseases.
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31
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Li M, Gu Y, Ma YC, Shang ZF, Wang C, Liu FJ, Cao JP, Wan HJ, Zhang XG. Krüppel-Like Factor 5 Promotes Epithelial Proliferation and DNA Damage Repair in the Intestine of Irradiated Mice. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1458-68. [PMID: 26681925 PMCID: PMC4672003 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: High doses of radiation induce severe DNA damage in intestinal epithelial cells, especially crypt cells, and cause intestinal injury, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a zinc finger-containing transcription factor, is induced by various stress stimuli and is involved in cell proliferation and survival. The role of KLF5 in radiation-induced intestinal injury was investigated here. METHODS: Wild type mice were treated with 8 or 15 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). KLF5 content and cellular localization in the small intestines of irradiated mice were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Mice with intestinal-specific knockdown of KLF5 (Vil-Cre; Klf5fl/+ mice) were generated and their response to radiation was compared with controls. Morphological changes were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Proliferation was examined by Ki67 immunostaining. The molecular response of the small intestine after KLF5 knockdown was investigated using microarrays. RESULTS: KLF5 expression correlated with the progression of intestinal damage. Decreased levels of KLF5 in the gut were associated with increased damage to the intestinal mucosa and reduced epithelial proliferation after TBI. Our microarray data disclosed that KLF5 knockdown down-regulated genes related to DNA damage repair pathways such as nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, non-homologous end joining and the Fanconi anemia pathway, which may suggest a novel function of KLF5. CONCLUSIONS: Our study illustrates that KLF5 may modulate DNA repair pathways to prevent intestinal injury induced by TBI. KLF5 signaling provides a novel field for identification of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of radiation-induced intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yuan Gu
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yan-Chao Ma
- 3. Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China ; 4. Jiangsu Stem Cell Key Laboratory, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Shang
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Chang Wang
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Fen-Ju Liu
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cao
- 1. School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China ; 2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hua-Jing Wan
- 5. Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, and Department of Pediatrics, Huaxi Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xue-Guang Zhang
- 3. Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China ; 4. Jiangsu Stem Cell Key Laboratory, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, China
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Ruiz de Sabando A, Wang C, He Y, García-Barros M, Kim J, Shroyer KR, Bannister TD, Yang VW, Bialkowska AB. ML264, A Novel Small-Molecule Compound That Potently Inhibits Growth of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2015; 15:72-83. [PMID: 26621868 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in Western civilization. Studies have shown that colorectal cancer arises as a consequence of the modification of genes that regulate important cellular functions. Deregulation of the WNT and RAS/MAPK/PI3K signaling pathways has been shown to be important in the early stages of colorectal cancer development and progression. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the proliferating intestinal crypt epithelial cells. Previously, we showed that KLF5 is a mediator of RAS/MAPK and WNT signaling pathways under homeostatic conditions and that it promotes their tumorigenic functions during the development and progression of intestinal adenomas. Recently, using an ultrahigh-throughput screening approach we identified a number of novel small molecules that have the potential to provide therapeutic benefits for colorectal cancer by targeting KLF5 expression. In the current study, we show that an improved analogue of one of these screening hits, ML264, potently inhibits proliferation of colorectal cancer cells in vitro through modifications of the cell-cycle profile. Moreover, in an established xenograft mouse model of colon cancer, we demonstrate that ML264 efficiently inhibits growth of the tumor within 5 days of treatment. We show that this effect is caused by a significant reduction in proliferation and that ML264 potently inhibits the expression of KLF5 and EGR1, a transcriptional activator of KLF5. These findings demonstrate that ML264, or an analogue, may hold a promise as a novel therapeutic agent to curb the development and progression of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Ruiz de Sabando
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Yuanjun He
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | | | - Julie Kim
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Kenneth R Shroyer
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Thomas D Bannister
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
| | - Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York.
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Ci X, Xing C, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Ni JJ, Zhou W, Dong JT. KLF5 inhibits angiogenesis in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer by attenuating AKT activation and subsequent HIF1α accumulation. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:91. [PMID: 25896712 PMCID: PMC4417294 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KLF5 is a basic transcriptional factor that regulates multiple physiopathological processes. Our recent study showed that deletion of Klf5 in mouse prostate promotes tumorigenesis initiated by the deletion of Pten. While molecular characterization of Klf5-null tumors suggested that angiogenesis was partially responsible for tumor promotion, the precise function and mechanism of KLF5 deletion in prostate tumor angiogenesis remain unclear. Results Applying histological staining to Pten-null mouse prostates, we observed that deletion of Klf5 significantly increased the number of microvessels, accompanied by the upregulation of multiple angiogenesis-related genes based on microarray analysis with MetaCore software. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HuVECs), tube formation and migration, both of which are indicators of angiogenic activities, were decreased by conditioned media from PC-3 and DU 145 human prostate cancer cells with KLF5 overexpression, but increased by media from cells with KLF5 knockdown. HIF1α, a key angiogenesis inducer, was upregulated by KLF5 loss at the protein but not the mRNA level in both mouse tissues and human cell lines, as determined by immunohistochemical staining, real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Consistently, KLF5 loss also upregulated VEGF and PDGF, two pro-angiogenic mediators of HIF1α function, as analyzed by immunohistochemical staining in mouse tissues and ELISA in conditioned media. Mechanistically, AKT activity, which caused the accumulation of HIF1α, was increased by KLF5 knockout or knockdown but decreased by KLF5 overexpression. PI3K/AKT inhibitors consistently abolished the effects of KLF5 knockdown on angiogenic activity, HIF1α accumulation, and VEGF and PDGF expression. Conclusion KLF5 loss enhances tumor angiogenesis by attenuating PI3K/AKT signaling and subsequent accumulation of HIF1α in PTEN deficient prostate tumors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0365-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Ci
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Jenny Jianping Ni
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365-C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Png CW, Weerasooriya M, Guo J, James SJ, Poh HM, Osato M, Flavell RA, Dong C, Yang H, Zhang Y. DUSP10 regulates intestinal epithelial cell growth and colorectal tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2015; 35:206-17. [PMID: 25772234 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dual specificity phosphatase 10 (DUSP10), also known as MAP kinase phosphatase 5 (MKP5), negatively regulates the activation of MAP kinases. Genetic polymorphisms and aberrant expression of this gene are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) in humans. However, the role of DUSP10 in intestinal epithelial tumorigenesis is not clear. Here, we showed that DUSP10 knockout (KO) mice had increased intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation and migration and developed less severe colitis than wild-type (WT) mice in response to dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) treatment, which is associated with increased ERK1/2 activation and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) expression in IEC. In line with increased IEC proliferation, DUSP10 KO mice developed more colon tumours with increased severity compared with WT mice in response to administration of DSS and azoxymethane (AOM). Furthermore, survival analysis of CRC patients demonstrated that high DUSP10 expression in tumours was associated with significant improvement in survival probability. Overexpression of DUSP10 in Caco-2 and RCM-1 cells inhibited cell proliferation. Our study showed that DUSP10 negatively regulates IEC growth and acts as a suppressor for CRC. Therefore, it could be targeted for the development of therapies for colitis and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Png
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Weerasooriya
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J Guo
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S J James
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - H M Poh
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Osato
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R A Flavell
- Department of Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Dong
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - H Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Evasion of anti-growth signaling: A key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S55-S77. [PMID: 25749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
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Krüpple-like factor 5 is required for proper maintenance of adult intestinal crypt cellular proliferation. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:86-100. [PMID: 25069574 PMCID: PMC4286443 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-014-3307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüpple-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in the proliferative compartment of the intestinal crypt. There, it is thought to regulate epithelial turnover and homeostasis. AIM In this study, we sought to determine the role for Klf5 in the maintenance of cellular proliferation, cytodifferentiation, and morphology of the crypt-villus axis. METHODS Tamoxifen-induced recombination directed by the epithelial-specific Villin promoter (in Villin-CreERT2 transgenic mice) was used to delete Klf5 (in Klf5 (loxP/loxP) mice) from the adult mouse intestine and analyzed by immunostaining and RT-qPCR. Control mice were tamoxifen-treated Klf5 (loxP/loxP) mice lacking Villin-CreERT2. RESULTS Three days after tamoxifen-induced recombination, the mitosis marker phospho-histone H3 was significantly reduced within the Klf5-mutant crypt epithelium, coincident with increased expression of the apoptosis marker cleaved-caspase 3 within the crypt where cell death rarely occurs normally. We also observed a reduction in Chromagranin A expressing enteroendocrine cells, though no significant change was seen in other secretory or absorptive cell types. To examine the long-term repercussions of Klf5 loss, we killed mice 5, 14, and 28 days post recombination and found reemerging expression of KLF5. Furthermore, we observed restoration of cellular proliferation, though not to levels seen wildtype intestinal crypts. Reduction of apoptosis to levels comparable to the wildtype intestinal crypt was also observed at later time points. Analysis of cell cycle machinery indicated no significant perturbation upon deletion of Klf5; however, a reduction of stem cell markers Ascl2, Lgr5, and Olfm4 was observed at all time points following Klf5 deletion. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Klf5 is necessary to maintain adult intestinal crypt proliferation and proper cellular differentiation. Rapid replacement of Klf5-mutant crypts with wildtype cells and reduction of stem cell markers suggests further that Klf5 is required for self renewal of intestinal stem cells.
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Boucherat O, Nadeau V, Bérubé-Simard FA, Charron J, Jeannotte L. Crucial requirement of ERK/MAPK signaling in respiratory tract development. Development 2014; 141:3197-211. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian genome contains two ERK/MAP kinase genes, Mek1 and Mek2, which encode dual-specificity kinases responsible for ERK/MAP kinase activation. In order to define the function of the ERK/MAPK pathway in the lung development in mice, we performed tissue-specific deletions of Mek1 function on a Mek2 null background. Inactivation of both Mek genes in mesenchyme resulted in several phenotypes, including giant omphalocele, kyphosis, pulmonary hypoplasia, defective tracheal cartilage and death at birth. The absence of tracheal cartilage rings establishes the crucial role of intracellular signaling molecules in tracheal chondrogenesis and provides a putative mouse model for tracheomalacia. In vitro, the loss of Mek function in lung mesenchyme did not interfere with lung growth and branching, suggesting that both the reduced intrathoracic space due to the dysmorphic rib cage and the omphalocele impaired lung development in vivo. Conversely, Mek mutation in the respiratory epithelium caused lung agenesis, a phenotype resulting from the direct impact of the ERK/MAPK pathway on cell proliferation and survival. No tracheal epithelial cell differentiation occurred and no SOX2-positive progenitor cells were detected in mutants, implying a role for the ERK/MAPK pathway in trachea progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation. Moreover, these anomalies were phenocopied when the Erk1 and Erk2 genes were mutated in airway epithelium. Thus, the ERK/MAPK pathway is required for the integration of mesenchymal and epithelial signals essential for the development of the entire respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Boucherat
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, CanadaG1R 2J6
| | - Valérie Nadeau
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, CanadaG1R 2J6
| | - Félix-Antoine Bérubé-Simard
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, CanadaG1R 2J6
| | - Jean Charron
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, CanadaG1R 2J6
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Lucie Jeannotte
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, L'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec, Québec, CanadaG1R 2J6
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1V 0A6
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Diakiw SM, D'Andrea RJ, Brown AL. The double life of KLF5: Opposing roles in regulation of gene-expression, cellular function, and transformation. IUBMB Life 2013; 65:999-1011. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya M. Diakiw
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre; University of New South Wales; Australia
- Department of Haematology; SA Pathology; Adelaide Australia
| | - Richard J. D'Andrea
- Department of Haematology; SA Pathology; Adelaide Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology; Adelaide Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
| | - Anna L. Brown
- Department of Haematology; SA Pathology; Adelaide Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; University of South Australia; Australia
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology; Adelaide Australia
- School of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
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Restoring KLF5 in esophageal squamous cell cancer cells activates the JNK pathway leading to apoptosis and reduced cell survival. Neoplasia 2013; 15:472-80. [PMID: 23633919 DOI: 10.1593/neo.122126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer in the world and has an extremely dismal prognosis, with a 5-year survival of less than 20%. Current treatment options are limited, and thus identifying new molecular targets and pathways is critical to derive novel therapies. Worldwide, more than 90% of esophageal cancers are esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Previously, we identified that Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a key transcriptional regulator normally expressed in esophageal squamous epithelial cells, is lost in human ESCC. To examine the effects of restoring KLF5 in ESCC, we transduced the human ESCC cell lines TE7 and TE15, both of which lack KLF5 expression, with retrovirus to express KLF5 upon doxycycline induction. When KLF5 was induced, ESCC cells demonstrated increased apoptosis and decreased viability, with up-regulation of the proapoptotic factor BAX. Interestingly, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, an important upstream mediator of proapoptotic pathways including BAX, was also activated following KLF5 induction. KLF5 activation of JNK signaling was mediated by KLF5 transactivation of two key upstream regulators of the JNK pathway, ASK1 and MKK4, and inhibition of JNK blocked apoptosis and normalized cell survival following KLF5 induction. Thus, restoring KLF5 in ESCC cells promotes apoptosis and decreases cell survival in a JNK-dependent manner, providing a potential therapeutic target for human ESCC.
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Abstract
Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of DNA-binding transcriptional regulators with diverse and essential functions in a multitude of cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, inflammation and pluripotency. In this Review, we discuss the roles and regulation of the 17 known KLFs in various cancer-relevant processes. Importantly, the functions of KLFs are context dependent, with some KLFs having different roles in normal cells and cancer, during cancer development and progression and in different cancer types. We also identify key questions for the field that are likely to lead to important new translational research and discoveries in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Tetreault
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 913 Biomedical Research Building II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia PA 19104-6144, USA
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Nishimura H, Yang Y. Aquaporins in avian kidneys: function and perspectives. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R1201-14. [PMID: 24068044 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00177.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For terrestrial vertebrates, water economy is a prerequisite for survival, and the kidney is their major osmoregulatory organ. Birds are the only vertebrates other than mammals that can concentrate urine in adaptation to terrestrial environments. Aquaporin (AQP) and glyceroporin (GLP) are phylogenetically old molecules and have been found in plants, microbial organisms, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Currently, 13 AQPs/aquaGLPs and isoforms are known to be present in mammals. AQPs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 11 are expressed in the kidney; of these, AQPs 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 are shown to be involved in fluid homeostasis. In avian kidneys, AQPs 1, 2, 3, and 4 have been identified and characterized. Also, gene and/or amino acid sequences of AQP5, AQP7, AQP8, AQP9, AQP11, and AQP12 have been reported in birds. AQPs 2 and 3 are expressed along cortical and medullary collecting ducts (CDs) and are responsible, respectively, for the water inflow and outflow of CD epithelial cells. While AQP4 plays an important role in water exit in the CD of mammalian kidneys, it is unlikely to participate in water outflow in avian CDs. This review summarizes current knowledge on structure and function of avian AQPs and compares them to those in mammalian and nonmammalian vertebrates. Also, we aim to provide input into, and perspectives on, the role of renal AQPs in body water homeostasis during ontogenic and phylogenetic advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nishimura
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
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Noto JM, Khizanishvili T, Chaturvedi R, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Delgado AG, Khurana SS, Sierra JC, Krishna US, Suarez G, Powell AE, Goldenring JR, Coffey RJ, Yang VW, Correa P, Mills JC, Wilson KT, Peek RM. Helicobacter pylori promotes the expression of Krüppel-like factor 5, a mediator of carcinogenesis, in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54344. [PMID: 23372710 PMCID: PMC3553174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. H. pylori expresses a repertoire of virulence factors that increase gastric cancer risk, including the cag pathogenicity island and the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA). One host element that promotes carcinogenesis within the gastrointestinal tract is Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5), a transcription factor that mediates key cellular functions. To define the role of KLF5 within the context of H. pylori-induced inflammation and injury, human gastric epithelial cells were co-cultured with the wild-type cag+ H. pylori strain 60190. KLF5 expression was significantly upregulated following co-culture with H. pylori, but increased expression was independent of the cag island or VacA. To translate these findings into an in vivo model, C57BL/6 mice were challenged with the wild-type rodent-adapted cag+ H. pylori strain PMSS1 or a PMSS1 cagE− isogenic mutant. Similar to findings in vitro, KLF5 staining was significantly enhanced in gastric epithelium of H. pylori-infected compared to uninfected mice and this was independent of the cag island. Flow cytometry revealed that the majority of KLF5+ cells also stained positively for the stem cell marker, Lrig1, and KLF5+/Lrig1+ cells were significantly increased in H. pylori-infected versus uninfected tissue. To extend these results into the natural niche of this pathogen, levels of KLF5 expression were assessed in human gastric biopsies isolated from patients with or without premalignant lesions. Levels of KLF5 expression increased in parallel with advancing stages of neoplastic progression, being significantly elevated in gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia compared to normal gastric tissue. These results indicate that H. pylori induces expression of KLF5 in gastric epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, and that the degree of KLF5 expression parallels the severity of premalignant lesions in human gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Noto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America.
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Yang Y, Tarapore RS, Jarmel MH, Tetreault MP, Katz JP. p53 mutation alters the effect of the esophageal tumor suppressor KLF5 on keratinocyte proliferation. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:4033-9. [PMID: 22990386 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a key transcriptional regulator that is typically pro-proliferative in non-transformed epithelial cells but inhibits proliferation in transformed epithelial cells. However, the underlying mechanisms for this context-dependent function are not known. KLF5 is epigenetically silenced and exhibits a tumor suppressive function in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC). Since p53 mutation is the most common genetic alteration in ESCC, as in other human epithelial cancers, we hypothesized that the context-dependent functions of KLF5 in cell proliferation were dependent on p53 status. In fact, in non-transformed human primary esophageal keratinocytes, when p53 was wild-type, KLF5 was pro-proliferative; however, KLF5 became anti-proliferative when p53 was mutated. KLF5 loss in human primary keratinocytes harboring p53 mutation accelerated the cell cycle and decreased expression of p21Waf1/Cip1; similar effects were also seen in ESCC cells with established p53 mutations. Further, p21Waf1/Cip1 was directly and differentially bound and regulated by KLF5 in the presence or absence of mutant p53, and suppression of p21Waf1/Cip1 reversed the antiproliferative effects of KLF5 in the presence of p53 mutation. Thus, KLF5 is a critical brake on an aberrant cell cycle, with important tumor suppressive functions in esophageal squamous cell and potentially other epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Tetreault MP, Alrabaa R, McGeehan M, Katz JP. Krüppel-like factor 5 protects against murine colitis and activates JAK-STAT signaling in vivo. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38338. [PMID: 22675454 PMCID: PMC3364979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by chronic or recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, affects 1.4 million persons in the United States alone. KLF5, a Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family member, is expressed within the epithelia of the gastrointestinal tract and has been implicated in rapid cell proliferation, migration, and remodeling in a number of tissues. Given these functions, we hypothesized that constitutive Klf5 expression would protect against the development of colitis in vivo. To examine the role of KLF5 in vivo, we used the Villin promoter to target Klf5 to the entire horizontal axis of the small intestine and colon. Villin-Klf5 transgenic mice were born at normal Mendelian ratios and appeared grossly normal to at least 1 year of age. Surprisingly, there were no significant changes in cell proliferation or in the differentiation of any of the intestinal lineages within the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon of Villin-Klf5 mice, compared to littermate controls. However, when Villin-Klf5 mice were treated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis, they developed less colonic injury and significantly reduced disease activity scores than littermate controls. The mechanism for this decreased injury may come via JAK-STAT signaling, the activation of which was increased in colonic mucosa of DSS treated Villin-Klf5 mice compared to controls. Thus, KLF5 and its downstream mediators may provide therapeutic targets and disease markers for IBD or other diseases characterized by injury and disruption of intestinal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Pier Tetreault
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rami Alrabaa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Megan McGeehan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jonathan P. Katz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Bialkowska AB, Crisp M, Bannister T, He Y, Chowdhury S, Schürer S, Chase P, Spicer T, Madoux F, Tian C, Hodder P, Zaharevitz D, Yang VW. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of the colorectal cancer oncogene Krüppel-like factor 5 expression by ultrahigh-throughput screening. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:2043-51. [PMID: 21885866 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-11-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is primarily expressed in the proliferative zone of the mammalian intestinal epithelium, where it regulates cell proliferation. Studies showed that inhibition of KLF5 expression reduces proliferation rates in human colorectal cancer cells and intestinal tumor formation in mice. To identify chemical probes that decrease levels of KLF5, we used cell-based ultrahigh-throughput screening (uHTS) to test compounds in the public domain of NIH, the Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network library. The primary screen involved luciferase assays in the DLD-1/pGL4.18hKLF5p cell line, which stably expressed a luciferase reporter driven by the human KLF5 promoter. A cytotoxicity counterscreen was done in the rat intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC-6. We identified 97 KLF5-selective compounds with EC(50) < 10 μmol/L for KLF5 inhibition and EC(50) > 10 μmol/L for IEC-6 cytotoxicity. The two most potent compounds, CIDs (PubChem Compound IDs) 439501 and 5951923, were further characterized on the basis of computational, Western blot, and cell viability analyses. Both of these compounds, and two newly synthesized structural analogs of CID 5951923, significantly reduced endogenous KLF5 protein levels and decreased viability of several colorectal cancer cell lines without any apparent impact on IEC-6 cells. Finally, when tested in the NCI-60 panel of human cancer cell lines, compound CID 5951923 was selectively active against colon cancer cells. Our results show the feasibility of uHTS in identifying novel compounds that inhibit colorectal cancer cell proliferation by targeting KLF5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka B Bialkowska
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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Yang Y, Nakagawa H, Tetreault MP, Billig J, Victor N, Goyal A, Sepulveda AR, Katz JP. Loss of transcription factor KLF5 in the context of p53 ablation drives invasive progression of human squamous cell cancer. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6475-84. [PMID: 21868761 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-1702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell cancers account for more than half of all human cancers, and esophageal cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The majority of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas have identifiable p53 mutations, yet the same p53 mutations are found at comparable frequencies in precancerous dysplasia, indicating that transformation requires additional somatic changes yet to be defined. Here, we show that the zinc finger transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) transactivates NOTCH1 in the context of p53 mutation or loss. KLF5 loss limited NOTCH1 activity and was sufficient on its own to transform primary human keratinocytes harboring mutant p53, leading to the formation of invasive tumors. Restoration of NOTCH1 blocked transformation of KLF5-deficient and p53-mutant keratinocytes. Although human dysplastic epithelia accumulated KLF5, KLF5 expression was lost concurrently with NOTCH1 in squamous cell cancers. Taken together, these results define KLF5 loss as a critical event in squamous cell transformation and invasion. Our findings suggest that KLF5 may be a useful diagnostic and therapeutic target in esophageal squamous carcinomas and possibly more generally in other cancers associated with p53 loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Bell SM, Zhang L, Mendell A, Xu Y, Haitchi HM, Lessard JL, Whitsett JA. Kruppel-like factor 5 is required for formation and differentiation of the bladder urothelium. Dev Biol 2011; 358:79-90. [PMID: 21803035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Kruppel-like transcription factor 5 (Klf5) was detected in the developing and mature murine bladder urothelium. Herein we report a critical role of KLF5 in the formation and terminal differentiation of the urothelium. The Shh(GfpCre) transgene was used to delete the Klf5(floxed) alleles from bladder epithelial cells causing prenatal hydronephrosis, hydroureter, and vesicoureteric reflux. The bladder urothelium failed to stratify and did not express terminal differentiation markers characteristic of basal, intermediate, and umbrella cells including keratins 20, 14, and 5, and the uroplakins. The effects of Klf5 deletion were unique to the developing bladder epithelium since maturation of the epithelium comprising the bladder neck and urethra was unaffected by the lack of KLF5. mRNA analysis identified reductions in Pparγ, Grhl3, Elf3, and Ovol1expression in Klf5 deficient fetal bladders supporting their participation in a transcriptional network regulating bladder urothelial differentiation. KLF5 regulated expression of the mGrhl3 promoter in transient transfection assays. The absence of urothelial Klf5 altered epithelial-mesenchymal signaling leading to the formation of an ectopic alpha smooth muscle actin positive layer of cells subjacent to the epithelium and a thinner detrusor muscle that was not attributable to disruption of SHH signaling, a known mediator of detrusor morphogenesis. Deletion of Klf5 from the developing bladder urothelium blocked epithelial cell differentiation, impaired bladder morphogenesis and function causing hydroureter and hydronephrosis at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Bell
- Perinatal Institute of Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Division of Neonatology-Perinatal-Pulmonary Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Hackett NR, Shaykhiev R, Walters MS, Wang R, Zwick RK, Ferris B, Witover B, Salit J, Crystal RG. The human airway epithelial basal cell transcriptome. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18378. [PMID: 21572528 PMCID: PMC3087716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human airway epithelium consists of 4 major cell types: ciliated, secretory, columnar and basal cells. During natural turnover and in response to injury, the airway basal cells function as stem/progenitor cells for the other airway cell types. The objective of this study is to better understand human airway epithelial basal cell biology by defining the gene expression signature of this cell population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Bronchial brushing was used to obtain airway epithelium from healthy nonsmokers. Microarrays were used to assess the transcriptome of basal cells purified from the airway epithelium in comparison to the transcriptome of the differentiated airway epithelium. This analysis identified the "human airway basal cell signature" as 1,161 unique genes with >5-fold higher expression level in basal cells compared to differentiated epithelium. The basal cell signature was suppressed when the basal cells differentiated into a ciliated airway epithelium in vitro. The basal cell signature displayed overlap with genes expressed in basal-like cells from other human tissues and with that of murine airway basal cells. Consistent with self-modulation as well as signaling to other airway cell types, the human airway basal cell signature was characterized by genes encoding extracellular matrix components, growth factors and growth factor receptors, including genes related to the EGF and VEGF pathways. Interestingly, while the basal cell signature overlaps that of basal-like cells of other organs, the human airway basal cell signature has features not previously associated with this cell type, including a unique pattern of genes encoding extracellular matrix components, G protein-coupled receptors, neuroactive ligands and receptors, and ion channels. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE The human airway epithelial basal cell signature identified in the present study provides novel insights into the molecular phenotype and biology of the stem/progenitor cells of the human airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil R. Hackett
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Renat Shaykhiev
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rachel K. Zwick
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Barbara Ferris
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bradley Witover
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ronald G. Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America
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Expression and functional validation of new p38α transcriptional targets in tumorigenesis. Biochem J 2011; 434:549-58. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
p38α MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) plays an important tumour suppressor role, which is mediated by both its negative effect on cell proliferation and its pro-apoptotic activity. Surprisingly, most tumour suppressor mechanisms co-ordinated by p38α have been reported to occur at the post-translational level. This contrasts with the important role of p38α in the regulation of transcription and the profound changes in gene expression that normally occur during tumorigenesis. We have analysed whole-genome expression profiles of Ras-transformed wild-type and p38α-deficient cells and have identified 202 genes that are potentially regulated by p38α in transformed cells. Expression analysis has confirmed the regulation of these genes by p38α in tumours, and functional validation has identified several of them as probable mediators of the tumour suppressor effect of p38α on Ras-induced transformation. Interestingly, approx. 10% of the genes that are negatively regulated by p38α in transformed cells contribute to EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor signalling. Our results suggest that inhibition of EGF receptor signalling by transcriptional targets of p38α is an important function of this signalling pathway in the context of tumour suppression.
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McConnell BB, Kim SS, Bialkowska AB, Yu K, Sitaraman SV, Yang VW. Krüppel-like factor 5 protects against dextran sulfate sodium-induced colonic injury in mice by promoting epithelial repair. Gastroenterology 2011; 140:540-549.e2. [PMID: 21078320 PMCID: PMC3031670 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a transcription factor that promotes proliferation, is highly expressed in dividing crypt cells of the gastrointestinal epithelium, and is induced by various stress stimuli. We sought to determine the role of KLF5 in colonic inflammation and recovery by studying mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and Klf5(+/-) mice were given DSS in the drinking water to induce colitis. For recovery experiments, mice were given normal drinking water for 5 days after DSS administration. The extent of colitis was determined using established clinical and histological scoring systems. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting analyses were used to examine proliferation, migration, and expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor. RESULTS Klf5 expression was increased in colonic tissues of WT mice given DSS; induction of Klf5 was downstream of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. In DSS-induced colitis, Klf5(+/-) mice exhibited greater sensitivity to DSS than WT mice, with significantly higher clinical and histological colitis scores. In recovery experiments, Klf5(+/-) mice showed poor recovery, with continued weight loss and higher mortality than WT mice. Klf5(+/-) mice from the recovery period had reduced epithelial proliferation and cell migration at sites of ulceration compared to WT mice; these reductions correlated with reduced expression of epidermal growth factor receptor. CONCLUSIONS Epithelial repair is an important aspect of recovery from DSS-induced colitis. The transcription factor KLF5 regulates mucosal healing through its effects on epithelial proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth B. McConnell
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A,Correspondence: Beth B. McConnell, Ph.D., Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, U.S.A. Tel: (404) 727-3671; Fax (404) 727-5767;
| | - Samuel S. Kim
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Agnieszka B. Bialkowska
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Ke Yu
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Shanthi V. Sitaraman
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
| | - Vincent. W. Yang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.A
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